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network</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: patronage network"> <meta name="keywords" content="patronage network"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="patronage network"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 4781</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: patronage network</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4781</span> Assessment of the Effect of Maintenance Practices on Tourist’s Patronage in Yankari Resort and Safari Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eldah%20Ephraim%20Buba">Eldah Ephraim Buba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study is aimed at assessing the effect of maintenance practices on tourist patronage. Yankari resort and Safari had a patronage of twenty thousand, three hundred and two international and national tourists in two thousand and ten, fourteen thousand nine hundred and sixty two, in two thousand and eleven and ten thousand six hundred and one, in two thousand and twelve. The number of tourists keeps falling as the resort has been witnessing low patronage. Personal observation has shown that the state of facilities in the resort is bad. This study aims to appraise maintenance practices in the resort and how it affects tourist patronage. Standard checklist was used for the appraisal of facilities, while questionnaires were administered to tourists to examine whether maintenance practices in the resort do affect their patronage. Findings show that Operational maintenance was poorly carried out while repairs maintenance was fairly done. The study also discovered that there is significant relationship between maintenance practices and tourist patronage. It is recommended that adequate repairs and operational maintenance practices should be carried out in the resort to encourage tourist patronage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maintenance" title="maintenance">maintenance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=practices" title=" practices"> practices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourist" title=" tourist"> tourist</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patronage" title=" patronage"> patronage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45460/assessment-of-the-effect-of-maintenance-practices-on-tourists-patronage-in-yankari-resort-and-safari-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45460.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4780</span> Patronage Network and Ideological Manipulations in Translation of Literary Texts: A Case Study of George Orwell's “1984” in Persian Translation in the Period 1980 to 2015</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masoud%20Hassanzade%20Novin">Masoud Hassanzade Novin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahloul%20Salmani"> Bahloul Salmani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The process of the translation is not merely the linguistic aspects. It is also considered in the cultural framework of both the source and target text cultures. The translation process and translated texts are confronted the new aspect in 20th century which is considered mostly in the patronage framework and ideological grillwork of the target language. To have these factors scrutinized in the process of the translation both micro-element factors and macro-element factors can be taken into consideration. For the purpose of this study through a qualitative type of research based on critical discourse analysis approach, the case study of the novel “1984” written by George Orwell was chosen as the corpus of the study to have the contrastive analysis by its Persian translated texts. Results of the study revealed some distortions embedded in the target texts which were overshadowed by ideological aspect and patronage network. The outcomes of the manipulated terms were different in various categories which revealed the manipulation aspects in the texts translated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20discourse%20analysis" title="critical discourse analysis">critical discourse analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ideology" title=" ideology"> ideology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patronage%20network" title=" patronage network"> patronage network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=translated%20texts" title=" translated texts"> translated texts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62764/patronage-network-and-ideological-manipulations-in-translation-of-literary-texts-a-case-study-of-george-orwells-1984-in-persian-translation-in-the-period-1980-to-2015" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62764.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">322</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4779</span> Conduits of Political Corruption and Patronage in South African Government</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandiso%20Mahlala">Sandiso Mahlala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fulufhelo%20Netswera"> Fulufhelo Netswera</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Anecdotes of corruption and clear-cut lines of patronage in political parties and the government are frequently featured in South African newspapers and news media. Such graft and favouritism have institutionalised themselves more and more, resulting in the phenomenon of governmental capture and the diversion of Covid-19 relief monies. In order to further their own interests, political elites and those working in the public and private sectors influenced government decisions in this way. This paper presents examples of state capture, Covid-19 corruption, and patronage, as well as how these have a negative impact on broader governance and society at large. The fact that such corruption and patronage are occurring at a time when the South African economy is stagnating is particularly troubling since it implies that more people are getting less and raises concerns about the country's future political stability. This article further examines how party patronage as one method by which political parties exploit the state. The conceptual nature of the study is supported by a survey of the relevant literature from a range of sources, such as government regulations, media excepts, and scholarly works. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20corruption" title="political corruption">political corruption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20patronage" title=" political patronage"> political patronage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patronage" title=" patronage"> patronage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=state%20capture" title=" state capture"> state capture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title=" COVID-19"> COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corruption" title=" corruption"> corruption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=South%20Africa" title=" South Africa"> South Africa</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163057/conduits-of-political-corruption-and-patronage-in-south-african-government" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163057.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4778</span> The Value of Store Choice Criteria on Perceived Patronage Intentions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Susana%20Marques">Susana Marques</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Research on how store environment cues influence consumers’ store choice decision criteria, such as store operations, product quality, monetary price, store image and sales promotion, is sparse. Especially absent research on the simultaneous impact of multiple store environment cues. The authors propose a comprehensive store choice model that includes: three types of store environment cues as exogenous constructs; various store choice criteria as possible mediating constructs, and store patronage intentions as an endogenous construct. On the basis of testing with a sample of 561 customers of hypermarkets, the model is partially supported. This study used structural equation modelling to test the proposed model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=store%20choice" title="store choice">store choice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=store%20patronage" title=" store patronage"> store patronage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20equation%20modelling" title=" structural equation modelling"> structural equation modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retailing" title=" retailing"> retailing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42424/the-value-of-store-choice-criteria-on-perceived-patronage-intentions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42424.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">272</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4777</span> A Descriptive Study of ‎Translated Texts from Socio-Cultural Aspects ‎through Polysystem Theory and Patronage Framework</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Nozadheravi">Reza Nozadheravi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masoud%20Hasanzade%20Novin"> Masoud Hasanzade Novin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Those techniques of translation which are engaged with short textual segments and mostly are prescriptive can be considered as micro level elements. Macro levels, however, refer to those translation strategies and those external factors that affect the translator’s decisions and have descriptive nature. What was scrutinized in details in the paper reveals the ‎macro-elements which are crucial in canonized translated texts, moreover, different aspects ‎of the patronage, which can be considered as the important factors from having the texts ‎chosen to the final translation products, have been observed in translated texts of Najaf ‎Darya-Bandarie, the well-known Iranian Translator. What is probed in this paper ‎reveals that marco-elements along with the linguistic aspects of the texts, micro-elements, ‎are considered as the significant aspects in translation process and even final translated ‎texts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=canolized%20translated%20texts%E2%80%8E" title="canolized translated texts‎">canolized translated texts‎</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture%E2%80%8E" title=" culture‎"> culture‎</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macro-elements%E2%80%8E" title=" macro-elements‎"> macro-elements‎</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patronage" title=" patronage"> patronage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63927/a-descriptive-study-of-translated-texts-from-socio-cultural-aspects-through-polysystem-theory-and-patronage-framework" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63927.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">608</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4776</span> Impact of Farm Settlements' Facilities on Farm Patronage in Oyo State</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simon%20Ayorinde%20Okanlawon">Simon Ayorinde Okanlawon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The youths’ prevalent negative attitude to farming is partly due to amenities and facilities found in the urban centers at the expense of the rural areas. Hence, there is the need to create a befitting and conducive farm environment to retain farm employees and attract the youth to farming. This can be achieved through the provision of services and amenities that will ensure a comfortable standard of living higher than that obtained by a person of equal status in other forms of employment in urban centers, thereby eliminating the psychological feeling of lowered self-esteem associated with farming. This study assessed farm settlements’ facilities and patronage in Oyo State with a view to using the information to encourage sustainable agriculture in Nigeria. The study becomes necessary because of the dearth of information on the state of facilities in the farm settlements as it affects patronage of farm settlements for sustainable agriculture in the developing countries like Nigeria. The study utilized three purposely selected farm settlements- Ogbomoso, Fasola and Ilora out of the seven existing ones n Oyo State. One hundred percent (100%) of the 262 residential buildings in the three settlements were sampled, from where a household head from each of the buildings was randomly chosen. This translates to 262 household heads served with questionnaire out of which 47.7% of the questionnaires were recovered. Information obtained included respondents’ residency categories, residents’ status, residency years, housing types, types of holding and number of acres/holding. Others include the socio-economic attributes such as age, gender, income, educational status of respondents, assessment of existing facilities in the selected sites, the level of patronage of the farm settlements including perceived pull factors that can enhance farm settlements patronage. The study revealed that the residents were not satisfied with the adequacy and quality of all the facilities available in their settlements. Residents’ satisfaction with infrastructural facilities cannot be statistically linked with location across the study area. Findings suggested that residents of Ogbomoso farm settlements were not enjoying adequate provision of water supply and road as much as those from Ilora and Fasola. Patronage of the farm settlements were largely driven by farming activities and sale of farm produce. The respondents agreed that provision of farm resort centers, standard recreational and tourism facilities, vacation employment opportunities for youths, functional internet and communication networks among others are likely to boost the level of patronage of the farm settlements. The study concluded that improvement of the facilities both in quality and quantity will encourage the youths in going back to farming. It then recommends that maintenance of existing facilities and provision of more facilities such as resort centers be ensured. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=encourage" title="encourage">encourage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=farm%20settlements%27%20facilities" title=" farm settlements' facilities"> farm settlements' facilities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oyo%20state" title=" Oyo state"> Oyo state</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patronage" title=" patronage"> patronage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73733/impact-of-farm-settlements-facilities-on-farm-patronage-in-oyo-state" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73733.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">229</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4775</span> The Relation between Organization Cultures with the Quality of Service for Government Hospital in Dusit Area</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Routsukol%20Sunalai">Routsukol Sunalai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research was to study the relationship between the organizational culture like bureaucratic system, and patronage system in government hospitals with hospital accreditation and its impact on the quality of service in the government hospital accredited. Qualitative research was applied in this study by in-depth interviews with samples containing 20 public welfare service providers, i.e. doctors, nurses and practical nurses and 20 service recipients in the units of study. It was found that the bureaucracy still existed and was evidenced by the structure of the line of command; work systems, clear cut duty divisions, procedures and plans, and the patronage system hindered the quality of service in the government hospitals under the process of development and accreditation. The administrators should encourage and support the creation of a learning process in the organization for self-improvement and work development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hospital%20in%20Dusit%20Area" title="hospital in Dusit Area">hospital in Dusit Area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organization%20culture" title=" organization culture"> organization culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20quality%20of%20service" title=" the quality of service"> the quality of service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economics%20and%20financial%20engineering" title=" economics and financial engineering"> economics and financial engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17782/the-relation-between-organization-cultures-with-the-quality-of-service-for-government-hospital-in-dusit-area" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17782.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4774</span> Barriers to the Use of Factoring Accounts Receivables: Ghanaian Contractor’s Perception</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Kissi">E. Kissi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20K.%20Acheamfour"> V. K. Acheamfour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20J.%20Gyimah"> J. J. Gyimah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Adjei-Kumi"> T. Adjei-Kumi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Factoring accounts receivable is widely accepted as an alternative financing source and utilized in almost every industry that sells business-to-business or business-to-government. However, its patronage in the construction industry is very limited as some barriers hinder its application in the construction industry. This study aims at assessing the barriers to the use of factoring accounts receivables in the Ghanaian construction industry. The study adopted the sequential exploratory research method where structured and unstructured questionnaires were conveniently distributed to D1K1 and D2K2 construction firms in Ghana. Using the one-sample t-test and Kendall’s Coefficient of concordance data was analyzed. The most severe challenge concluded is the high cost of factoring patronage. Other critical challenges identified were low knowledge on factoring processes, inadequate access to information on factoring, and high risks involved in factoring. Hence, it is recommended that contractors should be made aware of the prospects of factoring of accounts receivables in the construction industry. This study serves as basis for further rigorous research into factoring of accounts receivables in the industry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barriers" title="barriers">barriers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contractors" title=" contractors"> contractors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=factoring%20accounts%20receivables" title=" factoring accounts receivables"> factoring accounts receivables</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghanaian" title=" Ghanaian"> Ghanaian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perception" title=" perception"> perception</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127518/barriers-to-the-use-of-factoring-accounts-receivables-ghanaian-contractors-perception" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127518.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4773</span> Determining the Distance Consumers Are Willing to Travel to a Store: A Structural Equation Model Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fuseina%20Mahama">Fuseina Mahama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lieselot%20Vanhaverbeke"> Lieselot Vanhaverbeke</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research investigates the impact of patronage determinants on the distance consumers are willing to travel to patronize a tire shop. Although store patronage has been acknowledged as an important domain and has received substantial research interest, most of the studies so far conducted focus on grocery retail, leaving other categories of goods widely unexplored. In this study, we focus on car tires and provide a new perspective to the specific factors that influence tire shop patronage. An online survey of consumers’ tyre purchasing behaviour was conducted among private car owners in Belgium. A sample of 864 respondents was used in the study, with almost four out of five of them being male. 84% of the respondents had purchased a car tyre in the last 24 months and on average travelled 22.4kms to patronise a tyre shop. We tested the direct and mediated effects of store choice determinants on distance consumers are willing to travel. All hypotheses were tested using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Our findings show that with an increase in the consumer’s age the distance they were willing to travel to a tire shop decreased. Similarly, consumers who deemed proximity an important determinant of a tire shop our findings confirmed a negative effect on willingness to travel. On the other hand, the determinants price, personal contact and professionalism all had a positive effect on distance. This means that consumers actively sought out tire shops with these characteristics and were willing to travel longer distances in order to visit them. The indirect effects of the determinants flexible opening hours, family recommendation, dealer reputation, receiving auto service at home and availability of preferred brand on distance are mediated by dealer trust. Gender had a minimal effect on distance, with females exhibiting a stronger relation in terms of dealer trust as compared to males. Overall, we found that market relevant factors were better predictors of distance; and proximity, dealer trust and professionalism have the most profound effects on distance that consumers are willing to travel. This is related to the fact that the nature of shopping goods (among which are car tires) typically reinforces consumers to be more engaged in the shopping process, therefore factors that have to do with the store (e.g. location) and shopping process play a key role in store choice decision. These findings are very specific to shopping goods and cannot be generalized to other categories of goods. For marketers and retailers these findings can have direct implications on their location strategies. The factors found to be relevant to tire shop patronage will be used in our next study to calibrate a location model to be utilised to identify the optimum location for siting new tyre shop outlets and service centres. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dealer%20trust" title="dealer trust">dealer trust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distance%20to%20store" title=" distance to store"> distance to store</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tire%20store%20patronage" title=" tire store patronage"> tire store patronage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=willingness%20to%20travel" title=" willingness to travel"> willingness to travel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49735/determining-the-distance-consumers-are-willing-to-travel-to-a-store-a-structural-equation-model-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49735.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">255</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4772</span> Network Security Attacks and Defences</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ranbir%20Singh">Ranbir Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deepinder%20Kaur"> Deepinder Kaur</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Network security is an important aspect in every field like government offices, Educational Institute and any business organization. Network security consists of the policies adopted to prevent and monitor forbidden access, misuse, modification, or denial of a computer network. Network security is very complicated subject and deal by only well trained and experienced people. However, as more and more people become wired, an increasing number of people need to understand the basics of security in a networked world. The history of the network security included an introduction to the TCP/IP and interworking. Network security starts with authenticating, commonly with a username and a password. In this paper, we study about various types of attacks on network security and how to handle or prevent this attack. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20security" title="network security">network security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attacks" title=" attacks"> attacks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=denial" title=" denial"> denial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=authenticating" title=" authenticating"> authenticating</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53007/network-security-attacks-and-defences" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53007.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">404</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4771</span> Enhancing the Network Security with Gray Code</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Adi%20Purnomo%20Sidhi">Thomas Adi Purnomo Sidhi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, network is an essential need in almost every part of human daily activities. People now can seamlessly connect to others through the Internet. With advanced technology, our personal data now can be more easily accessed. One of many components we are concerned for delivering the best network is a security issue. This paper is proposing a method that provides more options for security. This research aims to improve network security by focusing on the physical layer which is the first layer of the OSI model. The layer consists of the basic networking hardware transmission technologies of a network. With the use of observation method, the research produces a schematic design for enhancing the network security through the gray code converter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network" title="network">network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20security" title=" network security"> network security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grey%20code" title=" grey code"> grey code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20layer" title=" physical layer"> physical layer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41361/enhancing-the-network-security-with-gray-code" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41361.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">503</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4770</span> The Influence of Gender Role Socialization on Entrepreneurial Choices in 21st Century Africa: The Case of Cultural Ghana</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Priscilla%20Adoley%20Moffat">Priscilla Adoley Moffat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the years, entrepreneurship has been promoted as an important tool for bridging the socioeconomic gap between the male gender and the female gender. In the face of the efforts to advance gender equity, however, there exist sociocultural factors whose influence on these efforts cannot be ignored or underrated. This study explored the influence of gender role socialization on entrepreneurial decisions in the male-dominated African society, with special focus on Ghana. The study essentially sought to find out whether gender role socialization in the Ghanaian culture affects the individual’s entrepreneurial choices and/or ventures. And if it does, how? The study analyzed the common gender roles found in the Ghanaian culture and the perceptions about these gender roles. 2507 male and female Ghanaian entrepreneurs were randomly sampled and interviewed. One particularly interesting finding of the study is that, while some entrepreneurs have interests in other enterprises, they fear becoming challengers of societal norms, as those ventures have been assigned to the other gender by the culture. Additionally, most of these entrepreneurs fear low or no patronage from members of the society. The study, thus, revealed a significant relationship between culture, especially gender role socialization, and patronage of businesses, as well as the success and profitability of an enterprise. It was, thus, concluded that most entrepreneurs’ entrepreneurial decisions or choices are influenced by the entrepreneur’s gender role socialization. By extension, gender role socialization was found to influence and limit entrepreneurial ventures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title="gender">gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=role" title=" role"> role</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socialization" title=" socialization"> socialization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrepreneur" title=" entrepreneur"> entrepreneur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture" title=" culture"> culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ghana" title=" ghana"> ghana</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175110/the-influence-of-gender-role-socialization-on-entrepreneurial-choices-in-21st-century-africa-the-case-of-cultural-ghana" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175110.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">108</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4769</span> Network Functions Virtualization-Based Virtual Routing Function Deployment under Network Delay Constraints</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kenichiro%20Hida">Kenichiro Hida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shin-Ichi%20Kuribayashi"> Shin-Ichi Kuribayashi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> NFV-based network implements a variety of network functions with software on general-purpose servers, and this allows the network operator to select any capabilities and locations of network functions without any physical constraints. In this paper, we evaluate the influence of the maximum tolerable network delay on the virtual routing function deployment guidelines which the authors proposed previously. Our evaluation results have revealed the following: (1) the more the maximum tolerable network delay condition becomes severe, the more the number of areas where the route selection function is installed increases and the total network cost increases, (2) the higher the routing function cost relative to the circuit bandwidth cost, the increase ratio of total network cost becomes larger according to the maximum tolerable network delay condition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NFV%20%28Network%20Functions%20Virtualization%29" title="NFV (Network Functions Virtualization)">NFV (Network Functions Virtualization)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resource%20allocation" title=" resource allocation"> resource allocation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20routing%20function" title=" virtual routing function"> virtual routing function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minimum%20total%20network%20cost" title=" minimum total network cost"> minimum total network cost</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79667/network-functions-virtualization-based-virtual-routing-function-deployment-under-network-delay-constraints" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79667.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">247</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4768</span> Survivable IP over WDM Network Design Based on 1 ⊕ 1 Network Coding</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nihed%20Bahria%20El%20Asghar">Nihed Bahria El Asghar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imen%20Jouili"> Imen Jouili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mounir%20Frikha"> Mounir Frikha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Inter-datacenter transport network is very bandwidth and delay demanding. The data transferred over such a network is also highly QoS-exigent mostly because a huge volume of data should be transported transparently with regard to the application user. To avoid the data transfer failure, a backup path should be reserved. No re-routing delay should be observed. A dedicated 1+1 protection is however not applicable in inter-datacenter transport network because of the huge spare capacity. In this context, we propose a survivable virtual network with minimal backup based on network coding (1 ⊕ 1) and solve it using a modified Dijkstra-based heuristic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20coding" title="network coding">network coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dedicated%20protection" title=" dedicated protection"> dedicated protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spare%20capacity" title=" spare capacity"> spare capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inter-datacenters%20transport%20network" title=" inter-datacenters transport network"> inter-datacenters transport network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44625/survivable-ip-over-wdm-network-design-based-on-1-1-network-coding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44625.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">447</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4767</span> Appraising the Need to Improve Sumu Wildlife Park Bauchi, North-Eastern Nigeria to International Standard </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanusi%20Abubakar%20Sadiq">Sanusi Abubakar Sadiq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rebecca%20William%20Chiwar"> Rebecca William Chiwar </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wildlife Park stands a chance of contributing to tourism development in different ways, but available infrastructure, and facilities required by visitors when they arrive, access road to the destination, and resources to facilitate positive experience are lacking in certain areas. The study set out to find out the need to develop Sumu Wildlife Park Bauchi State, to an international standard. The study focused on identifying the existing facilities and infrastructure at the park and to further identify the available resources used by visitors. In attempt to find out the impact of developing Sumu Wildlife Park and ways of filling the gap of the actual standard data were obtained from fifteen administrative staff of Sumu Wildlife Park, ten staff of Bauchi state Tourism Board and twenty-five residents of the community in Kafin Madaki, Bauchi. Relevant literature were reviewed in the study; data collected were organized and analyzed using Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS), software for analysis. Findings revealed that though Sumu Wildlife Park has attractions to keep visitors patronage but has insufficient facilities to maintain visitors and has not been developed to an expected standard. The problem faced by the management of Sumu wildlife Park is lack of adequate facilities, infrastructure and resources. The need to develop Sumu Wildlife Park has enormous benefits in increasing patronage. Provision of more funds would help improve standard as there would be more activities within and around the park. Regular maintenance of those facilities protects the life span of the park. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attractions" title="attractions">attractions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=facilities" title=" facilities"> facilities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrastructure" title=" infrastructure"> infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resources" title=" resources"> resources</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51201/appraising-the-need-to-improve-sumu-wildlife-park-bauchi-north-eastern-nigeria-to-international-standard" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51201.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">381</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4766</span> Study on Energy Performance Comparison of Information Centric Network Based on Difference of Network Architecture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takumi%20Shindo">Takumi Shindo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Koji%20Okamura"> Koji Okamura</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The first generation of the wide area network was circuit centric network. How the optimal circuit can be signed was the most important issue to get the best performance. This architecture had succeeded for line based telephone system. The second generation was host centric network and Internet based on this architecture has very succeeded world widely. And Internet became as new social infrastructure. Currently the architecture of the network is based on the location of the information. This future network is called Information centric network (ICN). The information-centric network (ICN) has being researched by many projects and different architectures for implementation of ICN have been proposed. The goal of this study is to compare performances of those ICN architectures. In this paper, the authors propose general ICN model which can represent two typical ICN architectures and compare communication performances using request routing. Finally, simulation results are shown. Also, we assume that this network architecture should be adapt to energy on-demand routing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ICN" title="ICN">ICN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20centric%20network" title=" information centric network"> information centric network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CCN" title=" CCN"> CCN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy" title=" energy"> energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68439/study-on-energy-performance-comparison-of-information-centric-network-based-on-difference-of-network-architecture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68439.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4765</span> Secure Content Centric Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Umair%20Aziz">Syed Umair Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Faheem"> Muhammad Faheem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sameer%20Hussain"> Sameer Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faraz%20Idris"> Faraz Idris</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Content centric network is the network based on the mechanism of sending and receiving the data based on the interest and data request to the specified node (which has cached data). In this network, the security is bind with the content not with the host hence making it host independent and secure. In this network security is applied by taking content’s MAC (message authentication code) and encrypting it with the public key of the receiver. On the receiver end, the message is first verified and after verification message is saved and decrypted using the receiver's private key. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=content%20centric%20network" title="content centric network">content centric network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=client-server" title=" client-server"> client-server</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=host%20security%20threats" title=" host security threats"> host security threats</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=message%20authentication%20code" title=" message authentication code"> message authentication code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=named%20data%20network" title=" named data network"> named data network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20caching" title=" network caching"> network caching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peer-to-peer" title=" peer-to-peer"> peer-to-peer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32149/secure-content-centric-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32149.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">644</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4764</span> Survey on Securing the Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) Protocol in Mobile Ad-hoc Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kimaya%20Subhash%20Gaikwad">Kimaya Subhash Gaikwad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20B.%20Waykar"> S. B. Waykar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is collection of various types of nodes. In MANET various protocols are used for communication. In OLSR protocol, a node is selected as multipoint relay (MPR) node which broadcast the messages. As the MANET is open kind of network any malicious node can easily enter into the network and affect the performance of the network. The performance of network mainly depends on the components which are taking part into the communication. If the proper nodes are not selected for the communication then the probability of network being attacked is more. Therefore, it is important to select the more reliable and secure components in the network. MANET does not have any filtering so that only selected nodes can be used for communication. The openness of the MANET makes it easier to attack the communication. The most of the attack are on the Quality of service (QoS) of the network. This paper gives the overview of the various attacks that are possible on OLSR protocol and some solutions. The papers focus mainly on the OLSR protocol. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication" title="communication">communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MANET" title=" MANET"> MANET</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OLSR" title=" OLSR"> OLSR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=QoS" title=" QoS"> QoS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43772/survey-on-securing-the-optimized-link-state-routing-olsr-protocol-in-mobile-ad-hoc-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43772.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">450</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4763</span> A Social Network Analysis of the Palestinian Feminist Network Tal3at</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maath%20M.%20Musleh">Maath M. Musleh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research aims to study recent trends in the Palestinian feminist movement through the case study of Tal3at. The study uses social network analysis as its primary method to analyze Twitter data. It attempts to interpret results through the lens of network theories and Parson’s AGIL paradigm. The study reveals major structural weaknesses in the Tal3at network. Our findings suggest that the movement will decline soon as sentiments of alienation amongst Palestinian women increases. These findings were validated by a couple of central actors in the network. This study contributes an SNA approach to the understanding of the understudied Palestinian feminism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feminism" title="feminism">feminism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Palestine" title=" Palestine"> Palestine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20network%20analysis" title=" social network analysis"> social network analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tal3at" title=" Tal3at"> Tal3at</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136124/a-social-network-analysis-of-the-palestinian-feminist-network-tal3at" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136124.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">264</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4762</span> Design a Network for Implementation a Hospital Information System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulqader%20Rasool%20Feqi%20Mohammed">Abdulqader Rasool Feqi Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ergun%20Er%C3%A7elebi%CC%87"> Ergun Erçelebi̇</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A large number of hospitals from developed countries are adopting hospital information system to bring efficiency in hospital information system. The purpose of this project is to research on new network security techniques in order to enhance the current network security structure of save a hospital information system (HIS). This is very important because, it will avoid the system from suffering any attack. Security architecture was optimized but there are need to keep researching on best means to protect the network from future attacks. In this final project research, security techniques were uncovered to produce best network security results when implemented in an integrated framework. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hospital%20information%20system" title="hospital information system">hospital information system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HIS" title=" HIS"> HIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20security%20techniques" title=" network security techniques"> network security techniques</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internet%20protocol" title=" internet protocol"> internet protocol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IP" title=" IP"> IP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network" title=" network"> network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44356/design-a-network-for-implementation-a-hospital-information-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44356.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">440</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4761</span> Monitoring and Prediction of Intra-Crosstalk in All-Optical Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Jedidi">Ahmed Jedidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mesfer%20Mohammed%20Alshamrani"> Mesfer Mohammed Alshamrani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alwi%20Mohammad%20A.%20Bamhdi"> Alwi Mohammad A. Bamhdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Optical performance monitoring and optical network management are essential in building a reliable, high-capacity, and service-differentiation enabled all-optical network. One of the serious problems in this network is the fact that optical crosstalk is additive, and thus the aggregate effect of crosstalk over a whole AON may be more nefarious than a single point of crosstalk. As results, we note a huge degradation of the Quality of Service (QoS) in our network. For that, it is necessary to identify and monitor the impairments in whole network. In this way, this paper presents new system to identify and monitor crosstalk in AONs in real-time fashion. particular, it proposes a new technique to manage intra-crosstalk in objective to relax QoS of the network. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=all-optical%20networks" title="all-optical networks">all-optical networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20crosstalk" title=" optical crosstalk"> optical crosstalk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20cross-connect" title=" optical cross-connect"> optical cross-connect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crosstalk" title=" crosstalk"> crosstalk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monitoring%20crosstalk" title=" monitoring crosstalk"> monitoring crosstalk</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40796/monitoring-and-prediction-of-intra-crosstalk-in-all-optical-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40796.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">462</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4760</span> Software Quality Assurance in Network Security using Cryptographic Techniques</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sidra%20Shabbir">Sidra Shabbir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayesha%20Manzoor"> Ayesha Manzoor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehreen%20Sirshar"> Mehreen Sirshar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of the network communication has imposed serious threats to the security of assets over the network. Network security is getting more prone to active and passive attacks which may result in serious consequences to data integrity, confidentiality and availability. Various cryptographic techniques have been proposed in the past few years to combat with the concerned problem by ensuring quality but in order to have a fully secured network; a framework of new cryptosystem was needed. This paper discusses certain cryptographic techniques which have shown far better improvement in the network security with enhanced quality assurance. The scope of this research paper is to cover the security pitfalls in the current systems and their possible solutions based on the new cryptosystems. The development of new cryptosystem framework has paved a new way to the widespread network communications with enhanced quality in network security. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cryptography" title="cryptography">cryptography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20security" title=" network security"> network security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=encryption" title=" encryption"> encryption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decryption" title=" decryption"> decryption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integrity" title=" integrity"> integrity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=confidentiality" title=" confidentiality"> confidentiality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security%20algorithms" title=" security algorithms"> security algorithms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elliptic%20curve%20cryptography" title=" elliptic curve cryptography"> elliptic curve cryptography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26324/software-quality-assurance-in-network-security-using-cryptographic-techniques" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26324.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">733</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4759</span> Air Cargo Network Structure Characteristics and Robustness Analysis under the Belt and Road Area</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feng-jie%20Xie">Feng-jie Xie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jian-hong%20Yan"> Jian-hong Yan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Based on the complex network theory, we construct the air cargo network of the Belt and Road area, analyze its regional distribution and structural characteristics, measure the robustness of the network. The regional distribution results show that Southeast Asia and China have the most prominent development in the air cargo network of the Belt and Road area, Central Asia is the least developed. The structure characteristics found that the air cargo network has obvious small-world characteristics; the degree distribution has single-scale property; it shows a significant rich-club phenomenon simultaneously. The network robustness is measured by two attack strategies of degree and betweenness, but the betweenness of network nodes has a greater impact on network connectivity. And identified 24 key cities that have a large impact on the robustness of the network under the two attack strategies. Based on these results, recommendations are given to maintain the air cargo network connectivity in the Belt and Road area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20cargo" title="air cargo">air cargo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complex%20network" title=" complex network"> complex network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robustness" title=" robustness"> robustness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structure%20properties" title=" structure properties"> structure properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=The%20Belt%20and%20Road" title=" The Belt and Road"> The Belt and Road</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129714/air-cargo-network-structure-characteristics-and-robustness-analysis-under-the-belt-and-road-area" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129714.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4758</span> An Intelligent Cloud Radio Access Network (RAN) Architecture for Future 5G Heterogeneous Wireless Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin%20Xu">Jin Xu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> 5G network developers need to satisfy the necessary requirements of additional capacity from massive users and spectrally efficient wireless technologies. Therefore, the significant amount of underutilized spectrum in network is motivating operators to combine long-term evolution (LTE) with intelligent spectrum management technology. This new LTE intelligent spectrum management in unlicensed band (LTE-U) has the physical layer topology to access spectrum, specifically the 5-GHz band. We proposed a new intelligent cloud RAN for 5G. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cloud%20radio%20access%20network" title="cloud radio access network">cloud radio access network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20network" title=" wireless network"> wireless network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cloud%20computing" title=" cloud computing"> cloud computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-agent" title=" multi-agent"> multi-agent</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50489/an-intelligent-cloud-radio-access-network-ran-architecture-for-future-5g-heterogeneous-wireless-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50489.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">424</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4757</span> Network Automation in Lab Deployment Using Ansible and Python</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Andal%20Priyadharshini">V. Andal Priyadharshini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anumalasetty%20Yashwanth%20Nath"> Anumalasetty Yashwanth Nath</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Network automation has evolved into a solution that ensures efficiency in all areas. The age-old technique to configure common software-defined networking protocols is inefficient as it requires a box-by-box approach that needs to be repeated often and is prone to manual errors. Network automation assists network administrators in automating and verifying the protocol configuration to ensure consistent configurations. This paper implemented network automation using Python and Ansible to configure different protocols and configurations in the container lab virtual environment. Ansible can help network administrators minimize human mistakes, reduce time consumption, and enable device visibility across the network environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Python%20network%20automation" title="Python network automation">Python network automation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ansible%20configuration" title=" Ansible configuration"> Ansible configuration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=container%20lab%20deployment" title=" container lab deployment"> container lab deployment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software-defined%20networking" title=" software-defined networking"> software-defined networking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=networking%20lab" title=" networking lab"> networking lab</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149854/network-automation-in-lab-deployment-using-ansible-and-python" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149854.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4756</span> Using Mixed Methods in Studying Classroom Social Network Dynamics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nashrawan%20Naser%20Taha">Nashrawan Naser Taha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20M.%20Cox"> Andrew M. Cox</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In a multi-cultural learning context, where ties are weak and dynamic, combining qualitative with quantitative research methods may be more effective. Such a combination may also allow us to answer different types of question, such as about people’s perception of the network. In this study the use of observation, interviews and photos were explored as ways of enhancing data from social network questionnaires. Integrating all of these methods was found to enhance the quality of data collected and its accuracy, also providing a richer story of the network dynamics and the factors that shaped these changes over time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20methods" title="mixed methods">mixed methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20network%20analysis" title=" social network analysis"> social network analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-cultural%20learning" title=" multi-cultural learning"> multi-cultural learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20network%20dynamics" title=" social network dynamics"> social network dynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15500/using-mixed-methods-in-studying-classroom-social-network-dynamics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15500.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">510</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4755</span> Increasing of Resiliency by Using Gas Storage in Iranian Gas Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsen%20Dourandish">Mohsen Dourandish</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Iran has a huge pipeline network in every state of country which is the longest and vastest pipeline network after Russia and USA (360,000 Km high pressure pipelines and 250,000 Km distribution networks). Furthermore in recent years National Iranian Gas Company is planning to develop natural gas network to cover all cities and villages above 20 families, in a way that 97 percent of Iran population will be gas consumer by 2020. In this condition, network resiliency will be the first priority of NIGC and due to that several planning for increasing resiliency of gas network is under construction. The most important strategy of NIGC is converting tree form pattern network to loop gas networks and developing underground gas storage near main gas consuming centers. In this regard NIGC is planning for construction of over 3500 km high-pressure pipeline and also 10 TCM gas storage capacities in UGSs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iranian%20gas%20network" title="Iranian gas network">Iranian gas network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peak%20shaving" title=" peak shaving"> peak shaving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resiliency" title=" resiliency"> resiliency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underground%20gas%20storage" title=" underground gas storage"> underground gas storage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46485/increasing-of-resiliency-by-using-gas-storage-in-iranian-gas-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46485.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">325</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4754</span> Dual-Network Memory Model for Temporal Sequences</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Motonobu%20Hattori">Motonobu Hattori</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In neural networks, when new patters are learned by a network, they radically interfere with previously stored patterns. This drawback is called catastrophic forgetting. We have already proposed a biologically inspired dual-network memory model which can much reduce this forgetting for static patterns. In this model, information is ﬁrst stored in the hippocampal network, and thereafter, it is transferred to the neocortical network using pseudo patterns. Because, temporal sequence learning is more important than static pattern learning in the real world, in this study, we improve our conventional dual-network memory model so that it can deal with temporal sequences without catastrophic forgetting. The computer simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed dual-network memory model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catastrophic%20forgetting" title="catastrophic forgetting">catastrophic forgetting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual-network" title=" dual-network"> dual-network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporal%20sequences" title=" temporal sequences"> temporal sequences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hippocampal" title=" hippocampal "> hippocampal </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2908/dual-network-memory-model-for-temporal-sequences" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2908.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">269</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4753</span> Integrating Knowledge Distillation of Multiple Strategies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min%20Jindong">Min Jindong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wang%20Mingxia"> Wang Mingxia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the widespread use of artificial intelligence in life, computer vision, especially deep convolutional neural network models, has developed rapidly. With the increase of the complexity of the real visual target detection task and the improvement of the recognition accuracy, the target detection network model is also very large. The huge deep neural network model is not conducive to deployment on edge devices with limited resources, and the timeliness of network model inference is poor. In this paper, knowledge distillation is used to compress the huge and complex deep neural network model, and the knowledge contained in the complex network model is comprehensively transferred to another lightweight network model. Different from traditional knowledge distillation methods, we propose a novel knowledge distillation that incorporates multi-faceted features, called M-KD. In this paper, when training and optimizing the deep neural network model for target detection, the knowledge of the soft target output of the teacher network in knowledge distillation, the relationship between the layers of the teacher network and the feature attention map of the hidden layer of the teacher network are transferred to the student network as all knowledge. in the model. At the same time, we also introduce an intermediate transition layer, that is, an intermediate guidance layer, between the teacher network and the student network to make up for the huge difference between the teacher network and the student network. Finally, this paper adds an exploration module to the traditional knowledge distillation teacher-student network model. The student network model not only inherits the knowledge of the teacher network but also explores some new knowledge and characteristics. Comprehensive experiments in this paper using different distillation parameter configurations across multiple datasets and convolutional neural network models demonstrate that our proposed new network model achieves substantial improvements in speed and accuracy performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=object%20detection" title="object detection">object detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge%20distillation" title=" knowledge distillation"> knowledge distillation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convolutional%20network" title=" convolutional network"> convolutional network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20compression" title=" model compression"> model compression</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148652/integrating-knowledge-distillation-of-multiple-strategies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148652.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">278</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4752</span> Network Coding with Buffer Scheme in Multicast for Broadband Wireless Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gunasekaran%20Raja">Gunasekaran Raja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramkumar%20Jayaraman"> Ramkumar Jayaraman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajakumar%20Arul"> Rajakumar Arul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kottilingam%20Kottursamy"> Kottilingam Kottursamy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Broadband Wireless Network (BWN) is the promising technology nowadays due to the increased number of smartphones. Buffering scheme using network coding considers the reliability and proper degree distribution in Worldwide interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) multi-hop network. Using network coding, a secure way of transmission is performed which helps in improving throughput and reduces the packet loss in the multicast network. At the outset, improved network coding is proposed in multicast wireless mesh network. Considering the problem of performance overhead, degree distribution makes a decision while performing buffer in the encoding / decoding process. Consequently, BuS (Buffer Scheme) based on network coding is proposed in the multi-hop network. Here the encoding process introduces buffer for temporary storage to transmit packets with proper degree distribution. The simulation results depend on the number of packets received in the encoding/decoding with proper degree distribution using buffering scheme. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=encoding%20and%20decoding" title="encoding and decoding">encoding and decoding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buffer" title=" buffer"> buffer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20coding" title=" network coding"> network coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degree%20distribution" title=" degree distribution"> degree distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broadband%20wireless%20networks" title=" broadband wireless networks"> broadband wireless networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multicast" title=" multicast"> multicast</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48856/network-coding-with-buffer-scheme-in-multicast-for-broadband-wireless-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48856.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">410</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patronage%20network&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patronage%20network&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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