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1);}}.ssrcss-1699avy-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-1699avy-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#FA6400;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-1699avy-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-1699avy-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-1699avy-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-1699avy-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-1699avy-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-1699avy-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1699avy-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1tezctd-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink{display:block;height:100%;line-height:calc(4rem - 0.5rem);-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:inherit;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;min-width:1.25rem;margin-top:-0.25rem;}.ssrcss-1tezctd-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink:hover .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-1tezctd-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink:focus .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-1tezctd-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink[data-open='true'] .eki2hvo16::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-1tezctd-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink{text-align:center;min-width:1.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1tezctd-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink{min-width:2.75rem;}}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-1tezctd-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink{min-width:3rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1tezctd-NavigationLink-MenuToggleControlLink{margin-top:0;min-width:3rem;}}.ssrcss-1xquvrf-NavItemHoverState{position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-1xquvrf-NavItemHoverState::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:currentcolor;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-1xquvrf-NavItemHoverState:hover,.ssrcss-1xquvrf-NavItemHoverState:focus,.ssrcss-1xquvrf-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-1xquvrf-NavItemHoverState:hover::after,.ssrcss-1xquvrf-NavItemHoverState:focus::after,.ssrcss-1xquvrf-NavItemHoverState[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1xquvrf-NavItemHoverState::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 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37.5rem){.ssrcss-7jj1a6-LastGlobalNavigationItem{padding-left:0;}}.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-top:-0.25rem;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;width:2rem;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{width:auto;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;}}.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger:hover>*>*::after,.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{width:2.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{width:3rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1w3za5i-GlobalNavigationItem-GlobalNavigationBurger{display:none;}}.ssrcss-1myt22i-BurgerMenuIconWrapper{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;width:1.5rem;height:1.375rem;vertical-align:-0.5em;-webkit-box-pack:space-evenly;-ms-flex-pack:space-evenly;-webkit-justify-content:space-evenly;justify-content:space-evenly;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1myt22i-BurgerMenuIconWrapper{display:none;}}.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-top:-0.25rem;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem{width:auto;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem{-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;}}.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem:hover>*>*::after,.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem:focus>*>*::after,.ssrcss-fbjoge-GlobalNavigationItem[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink{display:block;height:100%;line-height:calc(4rem - 0.5rem);-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:inherit;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;background:none;min-width:1.25rem;text-align:center;margin-top:-0.25rem;position:relative;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;}.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink:hover .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink:focus .eki2hvo16::after,.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink[data-open='true'] .eki2hvo16::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink{text-align:center;min-width:1.5rem;}}.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:currentcolor;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.375rem;height:0.125rem;width:66%;opacity:0;}@media (forced-colors: active){.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink:hover,.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink:focus,.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink[data-open='true']{margin-bottom:-1px;border-bottom:1px solid currentcolor!important;}}.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink{min-width:2.75rem;}}@media (min-width: 23.4375rem){.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink{min-width:3rem;width:3rem;text-align:center;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink{background:#F6F6F6;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;height:1rem;padding:0.75rem 0.625rem;margin-left:0.5rem;min-width:11.25rem;outline:0.0625rem solid transparent;}.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink::after{display:none;}.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink:hover,.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink:active,.ssrcss-payrv3-NavigationLink-SearchLink:focus{background:#E6E8EA;color:#000000;}}.ssrcss-1lc3dkf-IconWrapper-SearchIconWrapper{display:inline-block;width:1.625rem;height:1.625rem;vertical-align:middle;width:1.75rem;height:1.8125rem;}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-1lc3dkf-IconWrapper-SearchIconWrapper{width:1.375rem;height:1.375rem;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-1lc3dkf-IconWrapper-SearchIconWrapper{width:1rem;height:1rem;vertical-align:-0.25rem;}}.ssrcss-qefkng-SearchText{padding-left:0.5rem;position:absolute;overflow:hidden;margin:0;width:1px;height:1px;-webkit-clip-path:inset(100%);clip-path:inset(100%);clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);white-space:nowrap;}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-qefkng-SearchText{position:static;overflow:visible;width:auto;height:auto;-webkit-clip-path:none;clip-path:none;clip:auto;white-space:inherit;}}.ssrcss-91jqb8-GlobalNavigationDrawer{overflow:hidden;visibility:hidden;}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-91jqb8-GlobalNavigationDrawer>*{transition-property:max-height,height;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);transition-delay:0s,0s,0.4s;transition-duration:0.4s,0.4s,0s;transition-property:max-height,height,display;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-91jqb8-GlobalNavigationDrawer>*{transition-duration:0.2s,0.2s,0s;}}}.ssrcss-91jqb8-GlobalNavigationDrawer:focus{outline:5px auto -webkit-focus-ring-color;}.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu{height:0;}.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{visibility:visible;display:block;height:auto;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{height:28rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{height:4.0625rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{height:8.125rem;}}@media (min-width: 41.25rem){.ssrcss-2hb8z7-GlobalNavigationMoreMenu:target{height:4.0625rem;}}.ssrcss-1obp207-MenuWrapper{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;}.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList{-webkit-flex:auto;-ms-flex:auto;flex:auto;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;}.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList:focus{outline:none;}.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList>*{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-flex-basis:50%;-ms-flex-preferred-size:50%;flex-basis:50%;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList>*{-webkit-flex-basis:auto;-ms-flex-preferred-size:auto;flex-basis:auto;}}@supports (display: grid){.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList{display:grid;grid-gap:0 0.5rem;gap:0 0.5rem;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(7.5rem, 1fr));}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;}}.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList>*{min-width:initial;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList >:nth-child(1){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList >:nth-child(2){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList >:nth-child(3){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList >:nth-child(4){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList >:nth-child(5){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList >:nth-child(6){display:none;}}@media (min-width: 40.875rem){.ssrcss-s02jgx-MenuLinkList >:nth-child(7){display:none;}}.ssrcss-1sg011d-MenuLinkListItem{height:1.75rem;margin:0.25rem 0;-webkit-align-items:stretch;-webkit-box-align:stretch;-ms-flex-align:stretch;align-items:stretch;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1sg011d-MenuLinkListItem{height:3.5rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1sg011d-MenuLinkListItem{padding-right:1.25rem;}}.ssrcss-1sg011d-MenuLinkListItem:focus>*::after,.ssrcss-1sg011d-MenuLinkListItem[data-open='true']{width:100%;opacity:100%;}.ssrcss-kffy1u-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0 0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-kffy1u-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:currentcolor;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-kffy1u-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-kffy1u-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-kffy1u-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-kffy1u-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-kffy1u-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-kffy1u-MenuLink{margin:0 0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-kffy1u-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1wnoiuf-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0 0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-1wnoiuf-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#EB1212;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1wnoiuf-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1wnoiuf-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-1wnoiuf-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-1wnoiuf-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1wnoiuf-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-1wnoiuf-MenuLink{margin:0 0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1wnoiuf-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1fmjesw-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0 0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-1fmjesw-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#FFD230;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1fmjesw-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1fmjesw-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-1fmjesw-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-1fmjesw-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1fmjesw-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-1fmjesw-MenuLink{margin:0 0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1fmjesw-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-hvxe5w-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0 0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-hvxe5w-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#AAFF00;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-hvxe5w-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-hvxe5w-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-hvxe5w-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-hvxe5w-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-hvxe5w-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-hvxe5w-MenuLink{margin:0 0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-hvxe5w-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-19ognqy-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0 0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-19ognqy-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#0068FF;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-19ognqy-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-19ognqy-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-19ognqy-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-19ognqy-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-19ognqy-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-19ognqy-MenuLink{margin:0 0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-19ognqy-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-13pa06y-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0 0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-13pa06y-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#0052A1;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-13pa06y-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-13pa06y-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-13pa06y-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-13pa06y-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-13pa06y-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-13pa06y-MenuLink{margin:0 0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-13pa06y-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1b7djp-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0 0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-1b7djp-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#589E50;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1b7djp-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1b7djp-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-1b7djp-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-1b7djp-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1b7djp-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-1b7djp-MenuLink{margin:0 0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1b7djp-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1i34t88-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0 0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-1i34t88-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#482878;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1i34t88-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1i34t88-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-1i34t88-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-1i34t88-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1i34t88-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-1i34t88-MenuLink{margin:0 0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1i34t88-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-p2g31p-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0 0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-p2g31p-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#002856;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-p2g31p-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-p2g31p-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-p2g31p-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-p2g31p-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-p2g31p-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-p2g31p-MenuLink{margin:0 0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-p2g31p-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-mr2uyx-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0 0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-mr2uyx-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#149EDC;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-mr2uyx-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-mr2uyx-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-mr2uyx-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-mr2uyx-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-mr2uyx-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-mr2uyx-MenuLink{margin:0 0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-mr2uyx-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1b3a0us-MenuLink{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0 0.125rem;-webkit-text-decoration:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;color:#000000;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;height:100%;}.ssrcss-1b3a0us-MenuLink::after{content:'';display:block;background-color:#FA6400;position:absolute;right:0;left:0;bottom:0.125rem;height:0.125rem;width:0;opacity:0;}@media (min-width: 18.75rem){.ssrcss-1b3a0us-MenuLink::after{bottom:0.5rem;}}.ssrcss-1b3a0us-MenuLink:hover::after,.ssrcss-1b3a0us-MenuLink:focus::after,.ssrcss-1b3a0us-MenuLink[data-open='true']::after{width:100%;opacity:1;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1b3a0us-MenuLink{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-1b3a0us-MenuLink{margin:0 0.375rem;}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference){.ssrcss-1b3a0us-MenuLink::after{-webkit-transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition:width 0.2s,opacity 0.2s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(0.75, 0, 0.15, 1);}}.ssrcss-1ejv6c9-CloseButtonWrapper{margin-top:0.25rem;}.ssrcss-1ljchhs-CallToActionLink{font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-feature-settings:'ss01' off;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.25;box-sizing:border-box;display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;padding:calc(0.5rem - 2px) calc(0.75rem - 2px);border:2px solid transparent;min-height:2.75rem!important;text-align:center;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;line-height:1.375!important;-webkit-transition:0.2s;transition:0.2s;background:transparent;color:#141414;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1ljchhs-CallToActionLink{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.222222222222222;}}.ssrcss-1ljchhs-CallToActionLink:focus-visible{outline:none;box-shadow:none;}.ssrcss-1ljchhs-CallToActionLink .call-to-action-link-text-wrapper{border-bottom:2px solid transparent;-webkit-transition:border-bottom 0.2s;transition:border-bottom 0.2s;}@supports (text-underline-offset: 0.25em){.ssrcss-1ljchhs-CallToActionLink .call-to-action-link-text-wrapper{border-bottom:none;-webkit-text-decoration:underline transparent;text-decoration:underline transparent;text-decoration-thickness:2px;text-decoration-skip-ink:none;text-underline-offset:0.3125em;-webkit-transition:text-decoration 0.2s;transition:text-decoration 0.2s;}}.ssrcss-1ljchhs-CallToActionLink:hover,.ssrcss-1ljchhs-CallToActionLink:focus,.ssrcss-1ljchhs-CallToActionLink:active{cursor:pointer;background:#0051AD;color:#FFFFFF;box-shadow:0 0 0 0.125rem #0051AD;}.ssrcss-1ljchhs-CallToActionLink:hover .call-to-action-link-text-wrapper,.ssrcss-1ljchhs-CallToActionLink:focus .call-to-action-link-text-wrapper,.ssrcss-1ljchhs-CallToActionLink:active .call-to-action-link-text-wrapper{border-bottom:2px solid currentcolor;}@supports (text-underline-offset: 0.25em){.ssrcss-1ljchhs-CallToActionLink:hover .call-to-action-link-text-wrapper,.ssrcss-1ljchhs-CallToActionLink:focus .call-to-action-link-text-wrapper,.ssrcss-1ljchhs-CallToActionLink:active .call-to-action-link-text-wrapper{border-bottom:none;-webkit-text-decoration:underline currentcolor;text-decoration:underline currentcolor;text-decoration-thickness:2px;text-decoration-skip-ink:none;text-underline-offset:0.3125em;}}.ssrcss-1ljchhs-CallToActionLink:focus{box-shadow:0 0 0 0.125rem #FFFFFF;outline:0.125rem solid #000000;outline-offset:0.125rem;box-shadow:0 0 0 0.125rem #0051AD,0 0 0 calc(0.125rem + 0.125rem) #FFFFFF;outline-offset:calc(0.125rem + 0.125rem);}.ssrcss-1hfawy1-IconWrapper{display:inline-block;width:1.125rem;height:1.125rem;min-width:1.25rem;vertical-align:middle;}.ssrcss-12njlvq-ProductNavigationContainer{font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-feature-settings:'ss01' off;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;background-color:#B80000;color:#FFFFFF;position:relative;}.ssrcss-nt5ozj-Masthead{font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.1666666666666667;font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-feature-settings:'ss01' off;background:#B80000;color:#FFFFFF;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-nt5ozj-Masthead{font-size:2rem;line-height:1.125;}}.ssrcss-12x0ma7-ContentWrapper{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;}.ssrcss-kpltdl-LogoWrapper{margin:0.25rem 0;}.ssrcss-1vyfvn-LogoLink{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;width:auto;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;}@media all and (-ms-high-contrast: none),(-ms-high-contrast: active){.ssrcss-1vyfvn-LogoLink{width:100%;}}.ssrcss-19cmzaj-LogoIcon{display:block;padding:calc(0.75rem - 0.25rem) 0;height:1.625rem;fill:currentcolor;max-width:10rem;}@media (min-width: 25rem){.ssrcss-19cmzaj-LogoIcon{padding:calc(0.875rem - 0.25rem) 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56.25rem){.ssrcss-q03fby-ContainerWithSidebarWrapper{display:grid;grid-gap:1rem;grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr) 18.75rem;}}.ssrcss-1ki8hfp-StyledZone{max-width:50rem;}.ssrcss-15tkd6i-ArticleWrapper{font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-feature-settings:'ss01' off;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;color:#141414;margin-bottom:1.5rem;padding-bottom:1.5rem;}.ssrcss-bwbna7-ComponentWrapper-HeadlineComponentWrapper{margin:1.5rem 0;max-width:50rem;margin:2.5rem 0 1.5rem;}.ssrcss-1s9pby4-Heading{font-family:ReithSerif,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:500;font-feature-settings:'ss01' off;font-size:2rem;line-height:1.125;margin:0;color:#141414;}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.ssrcss-1s9pby4-Heading{font-size:2.75rem;line-height:1.0909090909090908;}}.ssrcss-1s9pby4-Heading:focus{outline-style:none;}.ssrcss-1s9pby4-Heading:focus-visible{outline-style:auto;}.ssrcss-1qlkdz0-ComponentWrapper-FullWidthWrapper{margin:1.5rem 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(max-width: 62.9375rem){.ssrcss-1vdnv9z-PromoGroupWrapper >ul,.ssrcss-1vdnv9z-PromoGroupWrapper ol{grid-template-columns:1fr;}}@media (min-width: 63rem) and (max-width: 79.9375rem){.ssrcss-1vdnv9z-PromoGroupWrapper >ul,.ssrcss-1vdnv9z-PromoGroupWrapper ol{grid-template-columns:1fr;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-1vdnv9z-PromoGroupWrapper >ul,.ssrcss-1vdnv9z-PromoGroupWrapper ol{grid-template-columns:1fr;}}.ssrcss-1vdnv9z-PromoGroupWrapper >ul >*:not([hidden]):not(style):not(.visually-hidden)~*:not([hidden]):not(style):not(.visually-hidden),.ssrcss-1vdnv9z-PromoGroupWrapper ol >*:not([hidden]):not(style):not(.visually-hidden)~*:not([hidden]):not(style):not(.visually-hidden){margin-top:0;}.ssrcss-qfiizb-PromoPortrait{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;height:100%;}.ssrcss-qfiizb-PromoPortrait 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>*:not([hidden]):not(style):not(.visually-hidden)~*:not([hidden]):not(style):not(.visually-hidden){margin-top:1rem;}.ssrcss-1ssuv19-Placeholder{display:block;position:relative;background-color:#FFFFFF;padding-bottom:56.1038961038961%;}.ssrcss-11hzs2f-IndexPromo{font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-feature-settings:'ss01' off;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.2857142857142858;position:relative;height:100%;background:#FFFFFF;outline:solid transparent;color:#141414;}.ssrcss-11hzs2f-IndexPromo a:not(.ebld8cw2){z-index:2;position:relative;}.ssrcss-1sxmf0v-PromoPortrait{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;height:100%;}.ssrcss-1sxmf0v-PromoPortrait .e1gprzbq1{position:relative;-webkit-flex:none;-ms-flex:none;flex:none;}.ssrcss-1sxmf0v-PromoPortrait .e1gprzbq1:before{content:'';position:absolute;right:0;top:0;height:100%;width:100%;z-index:1;}.ssrcss-1sxmf0v-PromoPortrait .etlorgc0{position:initial;}.ssrcss-1sxmf0v-PromoPortrait .e1gprzbq1>picture{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;justify-content:center;}.ssrcss-1sxmf0v-PromoPortrait .e1gprzbq1 img{object-fit:contain;width:100%;height:100%;}.ssrcss-1sxmf0v-PromoPortrait .ebld8cw4{z-index:2;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;-webkit-order:2;-ms-flex-order:2;order:2;-webkit-flex:1 0 auto;-ms-flex:1 0 auto;flex:1 0 auto;}.ssrcss-1sxmf0v-PromoPortrait .ebld8cw4 a:not(a:hover){color:#141414;}.ssrcss-pjqzk2-PromoContent{box-sizing:border-box;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;justify-content:space-between;word-wrap:break-word;overflow-wrap:break-word;margin:0.5rem;margin-top:0.75rem;}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-pjqzk2-PromoContent{margin:0.75rem;}}.ssrcss-pjqzk2-PromoContent >*{-webkit-flex:none;-ms-flex:none;flex:none;}.ssrcss-10zuxc0-PromoLink{display:block;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.25;color:#141414;text-align:center;margin-bottom:0.75rem;}@media (min-width: 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(max-width: 37.4375rem){.ssrcss-11kli38-PromoGroupWrapper{margin-top:1rem;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem) and (max-width: 56.1875rem){.ssrcss-11kli38-PromoGroupWrapper{margin-top:1rem;}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem) and (max-width: 62.9375rem){.ssrcss-11kli38-PromoGroupWrapper{margin-top:1rem;}}@media (min-width: 63rem) and (max-width: 79.9375rem){.ssrcss-11kli38-PromoGroupWrapper{margin-top:1rem;}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.ssrcss-11kli38-PromoGroupWrapper{margin-top:1rem;}}.ssrcss-11kli38-PromoGroupWrapper >ul,.ssrcss-11kli38-PromoGroupWrapper ol{display:grid;-webkit-column-gap:1rem;column-gap:1rem;}@media (min-width: 0rem) and (max-width: 24.9375rem){.ssrcss-11kli38-PromoGroupWrapper >ul,.ssrcss-11kli38-PromoGroupWrapper ol{grid-template-columns:1fr;}}@media (min-width: 25rem) and (max-width: 37.4375rem){.ssrcss-11kli38-PromoGroupWrapper >ul,.ssrcss-11kli38-PromoGroupWrapper ol{grid-template-columns:1fr;}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem) and (max-width: 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>*:not([hidden]):not(style):not(.visually-hidden)~*:not([hidden]):not(style):not(.visually-hidden){margin-top:0;}.ssrcss-xuen7r-PromoWithRankingContainer{font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-feature-settings:'ss01' off;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;color:#B80000;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;position:relative;padding:0.5rem;height:calc(100% - 1.25rem);background:#FFFFFF;}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.ssrcss-xuen7r-PromoWithRankingContainer{padding:0.75rem;height:calc(100% - 1.5rem);}}.ssrcss-smcys4-Wrapper{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:start;-webkit-box-align:start;-ms-flex-align:start;align-items:start;height:100%;}.ssrcss-1giogr2-Number{font-size:2rem;line-height:1.125;line-height:1;min-width:2.375rem;padding-right:0.5rem;}@media (min-width: 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svg{display:inline-block;height:0.875em;width:0.875em;vertical-align:-0.0625em;margin-right:0.25em;}.ssrcss-qseizj-HeadlineLink::before{inset:0px;content:'';overflow:hidden;position:absolute;white-space:nowrap;z-index:1;}.ssrcss-1y7k614-FooterStack{-webkit-flex:none;-ms-flex:none;flex:none;}.ssrcss-2l77g4-ServiceBar{font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-feature-settings:'ss01' off;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692307692308;background:#141414;color:#F6F6F6;}.ssrcss-1a6riyw-ServiceBarTitle{padding-top:1rem;}.ssrcss-1ejwg8j-Heading{font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-feature-settings:'ss01' off;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.222222222222222;margin:0;color:#F6F6F6;}@media (min-width: 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class="ssrcss-bwbna7-ComponentWrapper-HeadlineComponentWrapper egtrm1f0"><h1 id="main-heading" type="headline" tabindex="-1" class="ssrcss-1s9pby4-Heading e10rt3ze0"><span role="text">Germany set to vote on historic increase in defence spending</span></h1></header><div data-component="image-block" class="ssrcss-1qlkdz0-ComponentWrapper-FullWidthWrapper ep2nwvo1"><figure class="ssrcss-1vfya96-StyledFigure e34k3c22"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span class="ssrcss-fmt1c3-Placeholder etlorgc0"><picture><source srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/f282/live/f1cb9610-03c4-11f0-bbde-f372f8924428.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/f282/live/f1cb9610-03c4-11f0-bbde-f372f8924428.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/f282/live/f1cb9610-03c4-11f0-bbde-f372f8924428.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/f282/live/f1cb9610-03c4-11f0-bbde-f372f8924428.jpg.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/f282/live/f1cb9610-03c4-11f0-bbde-f372f8924428.jpg.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/f282/live/f1cb9610-03c4-11f0-bbde-f372f8924428.jpg.webp 976w" type="image/webp"/><img alt="A soldier with a German flag patch sewn into the arm of their uniform operates a remote while looking up at a large military truck moving along a road against a blue sky, as German military moved air defence units to southeast Poland in January." src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1280/cpsprodpb/f282/live/f1cb9610-03c4-11f0-bbde-f372f8924428.jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/f282/live/f1cb9610-03c4-11f0-bbde-f372f8924428.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/f282/live/f1cb9610-03c4-11f0-bbde-f372f8924428.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/f282/live/f1cb9610-03c4-11f0-bbde-f372f8924428.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/f282/live/f1cb9610-03c4-11f0-bbde-f372f8924428.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/f282/live/f1cb9610-03c4-11f0-bbde-f372f8924428.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/f282/live/f1cb9610-03c4-11f0-bbde-f372f8924428.jpg 976w" width="1280" height="720" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></span><span role="text" class="ssrcss-tvuve5-StyledFigureCopyright e34k3c20"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image source, </span>Getty Images</span></div><figcaption class="ssrcss-179o3th-StyledFigureCaption ehbdhz00"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image caption, </span><div spacing="6" class="ssrcss-y7krbn-Stack e1y4nx260"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Germany's military deployed two air defence units to Poland in January to protect supply routes to Ukraine - Germany has been Europe's main donor of weapons</p></div></figcaption></figure></div><div data-component="byline-block" class="ssrcss-1hbb5i-BylineComponentWrapper e8mq1e90"><div class="ssrcss-qt5zqv-BylineWrapper e19uhciu17"><div class="ssrcss-h3c0s8-ContributorContainer e19uhciu16"><div class="ssrcss-1u2in0b-Container-ContributorDetails e19uhciu13"><div class="ssrcss-68pt20-Text-TextContributorName e19uhciu6">Frank Gardner</div><div class="ssrcss-84ltp5-Text e19uhciu10">Security correspondent</div></div><div class="ssrcss-1p5zx6c-Container e19uhciu14"><div class="ssrcss-10jchsn-Text-TextItalic e19uhciu7"><strong>Reporting from</strong></div><div class="ssrcss-rn7xsk-Text-LocationText e19uhciu8"><span class="ssrcss-15fq616-IconContainer e19uhciu4"><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" width="1em" height="1em" class="ssrcss-xi5oyi-StyledIcon e161cein1" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M12.3 11c0 2.1 1.7 3.7 3.7 3.7s3.7-1.7 3.7-3.7-1.6-3.7-3.7-3.7S12.3 9 12.3 11m2.9 20c-3-4.4-5.6-8.5-7.3-12.1-1.5-3-2.1-5.6-2.1-7.9C5.7 5.5 10.1 1 16 1s10.3 4.6 10.3 10c0 2.3-.7 4.9-2.1 7.9-1.7 3.6-4.3 7.7-7.3 12.1z"></path></svg></span>Berlin</div></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-jlwt2c-Divider e19uhciu15"></div></div><div data-component="metadata-block" class="ssrcss-xza2yt-ComponentWrapper ep2nwvo2"><div><ul role="list" class="ssrcss-1ik71mx-MetadataStripContainer eh44mf03"><div class="ssrcss-13nu8ri-GroupChildrenForWrapping eh44mf02"><li role="listitem" class="ssrcss-30fcoe-MetadataStripItem eh44mf01"><div class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Published</div><div class="ssrcss-m5j4pi-MetadataContent eh44mf00"><span class="ssrcss-1pvwv4b-MetadataSnippet e4wm5bw3"><span class="ssrcss-61mhsj-MetadataText e4wm5bw1"><time data-testid="timestamp" dateTime="2025-03-18T01:00:24.768Z">18 March 2025</time></span></span></div></li></div></ul></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10"><b class="ssrcss-1xjjfut-BoldText e5tfeyi3">What happens today, here in Berlin, will impact the entire future of Europe's defence and its ongoing support for Ukraine.</b></p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Germany's Parliament, the Bundestag, is voting on whether to take the brakes off defence spending. This could pave the way for a massive uplift in military investment just as Russia makes gains in Ukraine and Washington signals that Europe can no longer rely on US protection.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">"This vote in the Bundestag is absolutely crucial," says Prof Monika Schnitzer, who chairs Germany's Council of Economic Experts.</p></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">"After the Munich Security Conference, then the Trump-Zelensky row, Europe got a wake-up call. For the first time Europeans may not be able to rely on Washington. A lot of people had sleepless nights after that."</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">"The outlook for European defence spending hinges on developments in Germany, as the holder of the region's largest defence budget," agrees Dr Fenella McGerty, senior fellow for defence economics at the London-based International Institute for Strategic Studies.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Defence spending in Germany rose by 23.2% last year, helping to drive a record 11.7% rise in European defence outlay.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">"The remarkable initiatives announced in Germany are key to enabling further growth," adds Dr McGerty. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">"Without them, any progress made on strengthening Germany's military capability may have stalled."</p></div></div><div data-component="image-block" class="ssrcss-1qlkdz0-ComponentWrapper-FullWidthWrapper ep2nwvo1"><figure class="ssrcss-1vfya96-StyledFigure e34k3c22"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span class="ssrcss-c7hato-Placeholder etlorgc0"><picture><source srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/6ab4/live/13067fc0-0352-11f0-afda-6146e09cccfe.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/6ab4/live/13067fc0-0352-11f0-afda-6146e09cccfe.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/6ab4/live/13067fc0-0352-11f0-afda-6146e09cccfe.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/6ab4/live/13067fc0-0352-11f0-afda-6146e09cccfe.jpg.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/6ab4/live/13067fc0-0352-11f0-afda-6146e09cccfe.jpg.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/6ab4/live/13067fc0-0352-11f0-afda-6146e09cccfe.jpg.webp 976w" type="image/webp"/><img alt="Friedrich Merz in the Bundestag on 13 March 2025" loading="lazy" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1920/cpsprodpb/6ab4/live/13067fc0-0352-11f0-afda-6146e09cccfe.jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/6ab4/live/13067fc0-0352-11f0-afda-6146e09cccfe.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/6ab4/live/13067fc0-0352-11f0-afda-6146e09cccfe.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/6ab4/live/13067fc0-0352-11f0-afda-6146e09cccfe.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/6ab4/live/13067fc0-0352-11f0-afda-6146e09cccfe.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/6ab4/live/13067fc0-0352-11f0-afda-6146e09cccfe.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/6ab4/live/13067fc0-0352-11f0-afda-6146e09cccfe.jpg 976w" width="1920" height="1079.8771750255885" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></span><span role="text" class="ssrcss-tvuve5-StyledFigureCopyright e34k3c20"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image source, </span>Reuters</span></div><figcaption class="ssrcss-179o3th-StyledFigureCaption ehbdhz00"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image caption, </span><div spacing="6" class="ssrcss-y7krbn-Stack e1y4nx260"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Germany's likely future chancellor, Friedrich Merz, is using the dying days of the current parliament to change budgetary rules</p></div></figcaption></figure></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Germany's incoming new Chancellor, Friedrich Merz, is in a race against time.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">The new parliament convenes on 25 March and not everyone is in favour of all this money being spent, especially on defence.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Both the far-right AfD party and the far-left Linke have vowed to oppose it. The vote needs two-thirds in favour to go through, so Merz has a better chance of this happening today, under the existing (old) parliament. It then needs to be approved by Germany's upper house.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Meanwhile Europe is still coming to terms with the shock of announcements coming from the Trump administration.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">At last month's Munich Security Conference I watched as delegates sat open-mouthed listening to US Vice-President JD Vance's blistering attack on Europe's policies on migration and free speech. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">This was preceded days earlier by US Defence Secretary Pete Hegseth telling Nato members that America's 80-year-long defensive umbrella for Europe should no longer be taken for granted.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Defence strategists in Europe are already planning for the unthinkable: a semi-victorious Russia making gains in Ukraine, then rebuilding its army and threatening Nato's eastern members, such as the Baltic states, within three years or less.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">This, at a time when the US commitment to Europe's defence is looking extremely shaky. President Trump is being urged by some in his circle to pull US troops out of Europe and even to withdraw from Nato altogether.</p></div></div><div data-component="subheadline-block" class="ssrcss-19w8cxh-ComponentWrapper-HeadlineComponentWrapper egtrm1f0"><h2 id="Historical-caution" tabindex="-1" class="ssrcss-pbttu9-Heading e10rt3ze0"><span role="text">Historical caution</span></h2></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">There is talk of France extending its national nuclear deterrent to cover other European nations.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Meanwhile, most European governments are under pressure to raise defence spending after years of cuts.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">The British Army has now shrunk to its smallest size since the Napoleonic Wars, over 200 years ago, and experts predict it would run out of ammunition within two weeks of fighting a full-scale conventional war in Europe.</p></div></div><div data-component="image-block" class="ssrcss-1qlkdz0-ComponentWrapper-FullWidthWrapper ep2nwvo1"><figure class="ssrcss-1vfya96-StyledFigure e34k3c22"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span class="ssrcss-1cd72tk-Placeholder etlorgc0"><picture><source srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/573b/live/eaf49160-0357-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/573b/live/eaf49160-0357-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/573b/live/eaf49160-0357-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/573b/live/eaf49160-0357-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/573b/live/eaf49160-0357-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/573b/live/eaf49160-0357-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg.webp 976w" type="image/webp"/><img alt="A production line for 155mm artillery shells at the Rheinmetall plant in Unterluess" loading="lazy" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/3840/cpsprodpb/573b/live/eaf49160-0357-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/573b/live/eaf49160-0357-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/573b/live/eaf49160-0357-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/573b/live/eaf49160-0357-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/573b/live/eaf49160-0357-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/573b/live/eaf49160-0357-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/573b/live/eaf49160-0357-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg 976w" width="3840" height="2596.390605686032" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></span><span role="text" class="ssrcss-tvuve5-StyledFigureCopyright e34k3c20"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image source, </span>Reuters</span></div><figcaption class="ssrcss-179o3th-StyledFigureCaption ehbdhz00"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image caption, </span><div spacing="6" class="ssrcss-y7krbn-Stack e1y4nx260"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Germany's Rheinmetall produces 155mm artillery shells, but the US has provided 82% of Ukraine's howitzer munitions</p></div></figcaption></figure></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Germany has long been cautious about defence spending, not just for historical reasons dating back to 1945, but also due to the global debt crisis of 2009.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Which brings us back to today's crucial vote in the Bundestag. It is not just about defence. One part is about freeing up €500bn (£420bn) for German infrastructure – fixing things like bridges and roads, but also to pay for climate change measures, something the Green Party insisted on.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">The other part is about removing the restrictions in the constitution on borrowing that could, in theory, free up unlimited billions of euros for defence spending, both for Germany's armed forces and for a pan-European defence fund. On 4 March European Commission President Ursula Von der Leyen announced plans for an €800bn defence fund called The ReArm Europe Fund.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">The proposal being voted on in Berlin is that any spending on defence that amounts to more than 1% of Germany's GDP (national wealth) would no longer be subject to a limit on borrowing. Until now this debt ceiling has been fixed at 0.35 pct of GDP.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Other countries will be watching closely to see if this proposal passes. If it does not, then the EU Commission's 'ReArm Europe' project could be off to a shaky start.</p></div></div><div data-component="image-block" class="ssrcss-1qlkdz0-ComponentWrapper-FullWidthWrapper ep2nwvo1"><figure class="ssrcss-1vfya96-StyledFigure e34k3c22"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span class="ssrcss-uqw3xi-Placeholder etlorgc0"><picture><source srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/db29/live/378b01d0-0371-11f0-a387-437e2fb661fc.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/db29/live/378b01d0-0371-11f0-a387-437e2fb661fc.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/db29/live/378b01d0-0371-11f0-a387-437e2fb661fc.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/db29/live/378b01d0-0371-11f0-a387-437e2fb661fc.jpg.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/db29/live/378b01d0-0371-11f0-a387-437e2fb661fc.jpg.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/db29/live/378b01d0-0371-11f0-a387-437e2fb661fc.jpg.webp 976w" type="image/webp"/><img alt="A still image taken from a handout video provided by the Russian Presidential Press Service shows Russian President Vladimir Putin (R) with Russian Chief of General Staff Gen. Valery Gerasimov during a visit to military headquarters in the Kursk region" loading="lazy" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/2048/cpsprodpb/db29/live/378b01d0-0371-11f0-a387-437e2fb661fc.jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/db29/live/378b01d0-0371-11f0-a387-437e2fb661fc.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/db29/live/378b01d0-0371-11f0-a387-437e2fb661fc.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/db29/live/378b01d0-0371-11f0-a387-437e2fb661fc.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/db29/live/378b01d0-0371-11f0-a387-437e2fb661fc.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/db29/live/378b01d0-0371-11f0-a387-437e2fb661fc.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/db29/live/378b01d0-0371-11f0-a387-437e2fb661fc.jpg 976w" width="2048" height="1425.5860869565217" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></span><span role="text" class="ssrcss-tvuve5-StyledFigureCopyright e34k3c20"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image source, </span>EPA</span></div><figcaption class="ssrcss-179o3th-StyledFigureCaption ehbdhz00"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image caption, </span><div spacing="6" class="ssrcss-y7krbn-Stack e1y4nx260"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">If Russia is semi-victorious in Ukraine, Nato fears attacks on its eastern members in three years' time</p></div></figcaption></figure></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">The challenge today for Europe's security is a stark one. If the US no longer has its back, or at the very least cannot be relied upon to come to Europe's defence, then what does the continent need to do to fill the gap?</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Let's start with the numbers. According to the Kiel Institute, which meticulously tracks these things, Europe spends just 0.1% of its wealth on helping to defend Ukraine, while the US has been spending 0.15%. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">"That means," says the Kiel Institute's Giuseppe Irto, "that if Europe is to make up the shortfall then it needs to double its contribution to 0.21%."</p></div></div><div class="ssrcss-buqv65-ComponentWrapper-FlourishWrapper eockrme0"><div id="21674187"><div data-component="include-html"><iframe src="https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/21674187/embed?auto=1" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" height="575" width="700" style="width:100%;" title="Interactive or visual content"></iframe></div></div></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">But regardless of what happens today in Berlin this is not just about money.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Many of the most sought-after weapons in Ukraine's armoury have come from the US, like Patriot air defence and long-range artillery systems like Himars. The Kiel Institute puts the proportion of Ukraine's rocket artillery at 86% coming from the US, with 82% of its howitzer ammunition also being US-sourced.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Then there is the whole question of US intelligence aid for Kyiv, much of it derived from satellites and geospatial imagery. If Washington were to permanently switch that off, then Ukrainian forces risk being partially blinded.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">If America's nuclear arsenal is taken out of the equation then there is a massive disparity between Russia's 5,000-plus warheads and the combined total of Britain and France's nukes which amount to less than a tenth of that. But that still theoretically leaves enough to act as a nuclear deterrent.</p></div></div><div data-component="subheadline-block" class="ssrcss-19w8cxh-ComponentWrapper-HeadlineComponentWrapper egtrm1f0"><h2 id="Culture-shift" tabindex="-1" class="ssrcss-pbttu9-Heading e10rt3ze0"><span role="text">Culture shift</span></h2></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">When it comes to "conventional", ie. non-nuclear arms, Western defence chiefs are fond of saying that Nato's combined forces are superior to Russia's. </p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Maybe, but if there is one glaring lesson to come out of the Ukraine war it is that "mass" matters. Russia's army may be of poor quality but President Putin has been able to throw such huge numbers of men, drones, shells and missiles at Ukraine's front lines that the Russians are inexorably advancing, albeit slowly and at huge cost.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">This should not come as a surprise. Moscow put its economy on to a war footing some time ago. It appointed an economist as its defence minister and retooled many of its factories to churn out vast quantities of munitions, especially explosive-tipped drones. </p></div></div><div data-component="image-block" class="ssrcss-1qlkdz0-ComponentWrapper-FullWidthWrapper ep2nwvo1"><figure class="ssrcss-1vfya96-StyledFigure e34k3c22"><div class="ssrcss-ab5fd8-StyledFigureContainer e34k3c21"><span class="ssrcss-n0t9s-Placeholder etlorgc0"><picture><source srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/8bf9/live/5fcb4dd0-0358-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/8bf9/live/5fcb4dd0-0358-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/8bf9/live/5fcb4dd0-0358-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/8bf9/live/5fcb4dd0-0358-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/8bf9/live/5fcb4dd0-0358-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/8bf9/live/5fcb4dd0-0358-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg.webp 976w" type="image/webp"/><img alt="Ukrainian soldiers being trained on a Marder tank in Munster, Germany, on 20 February 2023" loading="lazy" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/3840/cpsprodpb/8bf9/live/5fcb4dd0-0358-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/8bf9/live/5fcb4dd0-0358-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/8bf9/live/5fcb4dd0-0358-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/8bf9/live/5fcb4dd0-0358-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/8bf9/live/5fcb4dd0-0358-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/8bf9/live/5fcb4dd0-0358-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/8bf9/live/5fcb4dd0-0358-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg 976w" width="3840" height="2560" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></span><span role="text" class="ssrcss-tvuve5-StyledFigureCopyright e34k3c20"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image source, </span>EPA</span></div><figcaption class="ssrcss-179o3th-StyledFigureCaption ehbdhz00"><span class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Image caption, </span><div spacing="6" class="ssrcss-y7krbn-Stack e1y4nx260"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">Ukrainian servicemen have been trained in several European countries, including Germany</p></div></figcaption></figure></div><div data-component="text-block" class="ssrcss-uf6wea-RichTextComponentWrapper ep2nwvo0"><div class="ssrcss-7uxr49-RichTextContainer e5tfeyi1"><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">While many European nations have dragged their feet over raising defence spending much above the Nato-mandated 2% of GDP, Russia's is closer to 7%. Around 40% of Russia's national budget is spent on defence.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">So Europe has a fair bit of catching up to do if it is to even come close to shoring up its defence and security.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">"If the vote passes then it will be significant for Germany and for Europe," says Ed Arnold, senior research fellow for European security at the Royal United Services Institute think tank.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">"It will set a precedent and allow others to follow... However, three years on from the invasion of Ukraine the case of Germany is a reminder that more money for defence is necessary but not sufficient.</p><p class="ssrcss-1q0x1qg-Paragraph e1jhz7w10">"Europe needs defence and security leaders who are able to navigate a rapidly deteriorating Euro-Atlantic security environment. Cultural, rather than financial reform, would be most valuable to Europe right now."</p></div></div><div data-component="topic-list" class="ssrcss-1qmkvfu-TopicListWrapper etw6iwl1"><div class="ssrcss-113c0cq-StyledTagContainer ed0g1kj1"><div class="ssrcss-50vlbt-TopicListHeaderWrapper etw6iwl0"><h2 type="normal" class="ssrcss-ad2rmd-Heading e10rt3ze0">Related topics</h2></div><div class="ssrcss-17ehax8-Cluster e1ihwmse1"><ul role="list" spacing="2" class="ssrcss-1ujonwb-ClusterItems e1ihwmse0"><li><a href="/news/topics/c1vw6q14rzqt" class="ssrcss-z69h1q-StyledLink ed0g1kj0">War in Ukraine</a></li><li><a href="/news/topics/c37gwmxg32zt" class="ssrcss-z69h1q-StyledLink ed0g1kj0">Christian Democratic Union (CDU)</a></li><li><a href="/news/topics/c77jz3md4rdt" class="ssrcss-z69h1q-StyledLink ed0g1kj0">Germany</a></li><li><a href="/news/topics/crlk4z5en5nt" class="ssrcss-z69h1q-StyledLink ed0g1kj0">Friedrich Merz</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div data-component="links-block" class="ssrcss-5i1hhv-LinksComponentWrapper e3eyuya0"><section class="ssrcss-msolhr-LinksWrapper e3eyuya5"><div class="ssrcss-1lqqmgw-LinksHeadingWrapper e3eyuya4"><h2 type="normal" class="ssrcss-ad2rmd-Heading e10rt3ze0">More on this story</h2></div><ul role="list" class="ssrcss-1ypkflt-EndOfContentLinksGrid e3eyuya2"><li class="ssrcss-r2yl4r-PromoItem e3eyuya1"><div data-testid="promo" class="ssrcss-j49bjq-Promo e1vyq2e80"><div class="ssrcss-rm80dz-PromoSwitchLayoutAtBreakpoints et5qctl0"><div class="ssrcss-1d68cot-PromoContent exn3ah913"><div spacing="2" class="ssrcss-1f3bvyz-Stack e1y4nx260"><a href="/news/articles/czjeejw9z4zo" class="ssrcss-1ijo9ug-PromoLink exn3ah95"><span role="text"><p class="ssrcss-1sen9vx-PromoHeadline exn3ah910"><span aria-hidden="false">Can Europe deter Russia in Ukraine without US military?</span></p></span></a></div><div spacing="2" class="ssrcss-1f3bvyz-Stack e1y4nx260"><div><ul role="list" class="ssrcss-1ik71mx-MetadataStripContainer eh44mf03"><div class="ssrcss-13nu8ri-GroupChildrenForWrapping eh44mf02"><li role="listitem" class="ssrcss-30fcoe-MetadataStripItem eh44mf01"><div class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Published</div><div class="ssrcss-m5j4pi-MetadataContent eh44mf00"><span class="ssrcss-1pvwv4b-MetadataSnippet e4wm5bw3"><span class="ssrcss-61mhsj-MetadataText e4wm5bw1">28 February</span></span></div></li></div></ul></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-z60stg-PromoImageContainer en81kx34"><div class="ssrcss-17h6w1t-PromoImageContainerInner en81kx32"><div class="ssrcss-fec6qv-ImageWrapper en81kx33"><span class="ssrcss-1z080ee-Placeholder etlorgc0"><picture><source srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/f763/live/65e7ada0-f5e6-11ef-9e61-71ee71f26eb1.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/f763/live/65e7ada0-f5e6-11ef-9e61-71ee71f26eb1.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/f763/live/65e7ada0-f5e6-11ef-9e61-71ee71f26eb1.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/f763/live/65e7ada0-f5e6-11ef-9e61-71ee71f26eb1.jpg.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/f763/live/65e7ada0-f5e6-11ef-9e61-71ee71f26eb1.jpg.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/f763/live/65e7ada0-f5e6-11ef-9e61-71ee71f26eb1.jpg.webp 976w" type="image/webp"/><img alt="Members of Nato Allied Reaction Force on exercises in Romania. Four soldiers in khaki and helmets carrying automatic weapons run through grassland while another lies prone, apparently about to fire weapon." loading="lazy" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/3840/cpsprodpb/f763/live/65e7ada0-f5e6-11ef-9e61-71ee71f26eb1.jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/f763/live/65e7ada0-f5e6-11ef-9e61-71ee71f26eb1.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/f763/live/65e7ada0-f5e6-11ef-9e61-71ee71f26eb1.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/f763/live/65e7ada0-f5e6-11ef-9e61-71ee71f26eb1.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/f763/live/65e7ada0-f5e6-11ef-9e61-71ee71f26eb1.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/f763/live/65e7ada0-f5e6-11ef-9e61-71ee71f26eb1.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/f763/live/65e7ada0-f5e6-11ef-9e61-71ee71f26eb1.jpg 976w" width="3840" height="2160.381731424676" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></span></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="ssrcss-r2yl4r-PromoItem e3eyuya1"><div data-testid="promo" class="ssrcss-j49bjq-Promo e1vyq2e80"><div class="ssrcss-rm80dz-PromoSwitchLayoutAtBreakpoints et5qctl0"><div class="ssrcss-1d68cot-PromoContent exn3ah913"><div spacing="2" class="ssrcss-1f3bvyz-Stack e1y4nx260"><a href="/news/articles/czxnekw9lyjo" class="ssrcss-1ijo9ug-PromoLink exn3ah95"><span role="text"><p class="ssrcss-1sen9vx-PromoHeadline exn3ah910"><span aria-hidden="false">Katya Adler: Fractured Europe seeks credible answers on Ukraine</span></p></span></a></div><div spacing="2" class="ssrcss-1f3bvyz-Stack e1y4nx260"><div><ul role="list" class="ssrcss-1ik71mx-MetadataStripContainer eh44mf03"><div class="ssrcss-13nu8ri-GroupChildrenForWrapping eh44mf02"><li role="listitem" class="ssrcss-30fcoe-MetadataStripItem eh44mf01"><div class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Published</div><div class="ssrcss-m5j4pi-MetadataContent eh44mf00"><span class="ssrcss-1pvwv4b-MetadataSnippet e4wm5bw3"><span class="ssrcss-61mhsj-MetadataText e4wm5bw1">5 March</span></span></div></li></div></ul></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-z60stg-PromoImageContainer en81kx34"><div class="ssrcss-17h6w1t-PromoImageContainerInner en81kx32"><div class="ssrcss-fec6qv-ImageWrapper en81kx33"><span class="ssrcss-vp19qo-Placeholder etlorgc0"><picture><source srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/0515/live/fa288080-f946-11ef-ab6a-cb409d79bd4e.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/0515/live/fa288080-f946-11ef-ab6a-cb409d79bd4e.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/0515/live/fa288080-f946-11ef-ab6a-cb409d79bd4e.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/0515/live/fa288080-f946-11ef-ab6a-cb409d79bd4e.jpg.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/0515/live/fa288080-f946-11ef-ab6a-cb409d79bd4e.jpg.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/0515/live/fa288080-f946-11ef-ab6a-cb409d79bd4e.jpg.webp 976w" type="image/webp"/><img alt="Swedish Prime Minister Ulf Kristersson, German Chancellor Olaf Scholz, Norway's Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Store, Czech Prime Minister Petr Fiala; Middle row, left: Danish Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, EU President Antonio Costa, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau; Front row, left: Finnish President Alexander Stubb, French President Emmanuel Macron, British Prime Minister Keir Starmer, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky and Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk pose for a family photo during a summit on Ukraine, at Lancaster House in London, Britain, 02 March 2025. The photo was captured at a moment when the leaders are all looking in different directions with varying facial expressions." loading="lazy" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/3840/cpsprodpb/0515/live/fa288080-f946-11ef-ab6a-cb409d79bd4e.jpg" srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/0515/live/fa288080-f946-11ef-ab6a-cb409d79bd4e.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/0515/live/fa288080-f946-11ef-ab6a-cb409d79bd4e.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/0515/live/fa288080-f946-11ef-ab6a-cb409d79bd4e.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/0515/live/fa288080-f946-11ef-ab6a-cb409d79bd4e.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/0515/live/fa288080-f946-11ef-ab6a-cb409d79bd4e.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/0515/live/fa288080-f946-11ef-ab6a-cb409d79bd4e.jpg 976w" width="3840" height="2159.8951507208385" class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></span></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="ssrcss-r2yl4r-PromoItem e3eyuya1"><div data-testid="promo" class="ssrcss-j49bjq-Promo e1vyq2e80"><div class="ssrcss-rm80dz-PromoSwitchLayoutAtBreakpoints et5qctl0"><div class="ssrcss-1d68cot-PromoContent exn3ah913"><div spacing="2" class="ssrcss-1f3bvyz-Stack e1y4nx260"><a href="/news/videos/ckg84kpw5jwo" class="ssrcss-1ijo9ug-PromoLink exn3ah95"><span role="text"><p class="ssrcss-1sen9vx-PromoHeadline exn3ah910"><span aria-hidden="false">Can Europe fill the gap now the US has paused military support for Ukraine?</span></p></span></a></div><div spacing="2" class="ssrcss-1f3bvyz-Stack e1y4nx260"><div><ul role="list" class="ssrcss-1ik71mx-MetadataStripContainer eh44mf03"><div class="ssrcss-13nu8ri-GroupChildrenForWrapping eh44mf02"><li role="listitem" class="ssrcss-30fcoe-MetadataStripItem eh44mf01"><div class="visually-hidden ssrcss-1f39n02-VisuallyHidden e16en2lz0">Published</div><div class="ssrcss-m5j4pi-MetadataContent eh44mf00"><span class="ssrcss-1pvwv4b-MetadataSnippet e4wm5bw3"><span class="ssrcss-61mhsj-MetadataText e4wm5bw1">4 March</span></span></div></li></div></ul></div></div></div><div class="ssrcss-z60stg-PromoImageContainer en81kx34"><div class="ssrcss-17h6w1t-PromoImageContainerInner en81kx32"><div class="ssrcss-fec6qv-ImageWrapper en81kx33"><span class="ssrcss-fmt1c3-Placeholder etlorgc0"><picture><source srcSet="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/18ee/live/898dfd50-f879-11ef-8c03-7dfdbeeb2526.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/18ee/live/898dfd50-f879-11ef-8c03-7dfdbeeb2526.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/18ee/live/898dfd50-f879-11ef-8c03-7dfdbeeb2526.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/18ee/live/898dfd50-f879-11ef-8c03-7dfdbeeb2526.jpg.webp 624w, 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class="ssrcss-11yxrdo-Image edrdn950"/></picture></span></div></div></div></div></div></li></ul></section></div></article></main></div><div class="ssrcss-115e9m-StyledZone e1mcntqj3"><aside id="topStories-label-aside-content" data-testid="topStories-label-aside-content" aria-labelledby="topStories-label"><div data-component="topStories" class="ssrcss-ykosa2-OnwardJourneysContainerWrapper e1ia0oo99"><h2 id="topStories-label" type="normal" class="ssrcss-ad2rmd-Heading e10rt3ze0">Top stories</h2><div class="ssrcss-17tdcpg-PromoGroupWrapper e1ia0oo98"><ul role="list" spacing="responsive" class="ssrcss-1020bd1-Stack e1y4nx260"><li class="ssrcss-2pgqep-PromoItem e1ia0oo97"><div data-testid="promo" class="ssrcss-j49bjq-Promo e1vyq2e80"><div class="ssrcss-1djxueb-PromoCompact e18gnqux0"><div class="ssrcss-1d68cot-PromoContent exn3ah913"><div spacing="2" class="ssrcss-1f3bvyz-Stack e1y4nx260"><a href="/news/live/crmj0zxk7wyt" class="ssrcss-1ijo9ug-PromoLink exn3ah95"><span role="text"><span 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Ukraine.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"What happens today, here in Berlin, will impact the entire future of Europe's defence and its ongoing support for Ukraine.\",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Germany's Parliament, the Bundestag, is voting on whether to take the brakes off defence spending. This could pave the way for a massive uplift in military investment just as Russia makes gains in Ukraine and Washington signals that Europe can no longer rely on US protection.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Germany's Parliament, the Bundestag, is voting on whether to take the brakes off defence spending. This could pave the way for a massive uplift in military investment just as Russia makes gains in Ukraine and Washington signals that Europe can no longer rely on US protection.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"This vote in the Bundestag is absolutely crucial,\\\" says Prof Monika Schnitzer, who chairs Germany's Council of Economic Experts.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"This vote in the Bundestag is absolutely crucial,\\\" says Prof Monika Schnitzer, who chairs Germany's Council of Economic Experts.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"After the Munich Security Conference, then the Trump-Zelensky row, Europe got a wake-up call. For the first time Europeans may not be able to rely on Washington. A lot of people had sleepless nights after that.\\\"\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"After the Munich Security Conference, then the Trump-Zelensky row, Europe got a wake-up call. For the first time Europeans may not be able to rely on Washington. A lot of people had sleepless nights after that.\\\"\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"The outlook for European defence spending hinges on developments in Germany, as the holder of the region's largest defence budget,\\\" agrees Dr Fenella McGerty, senior fellow for defence economics at the London-based International Institute for Strategic Studies.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"The outlook for European defence spending hinges on developments in Germany, as the holder of the region's largest defence budget,\\\" agrees Dr Fenella McGerty, senior fellow for defence economics at the London-based International Institute for Strategic Studies.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Defence spending in Germany rose by 23.2% last year, helping to drive a record 11.7% rise in European defence outlay.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Defence spending in Germany rose by 23.2% last year, helping to drive a record 11.7% rise in European defence outlay.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"The remarkable initiatives announced in Germany are key to enabling further growth,\\\" adds Dr McGerty. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"The remarkable initiatives announced in Germany are key to enabling further growth,\\\" adds Dr McGerty. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"Without them, any progress made on strengthening Germany's military capability may have stalled.\\\"\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"Without them, any progress made on strengthening Germany's military capability may have stalled.\\\"\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"caption\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Germany's likely future chancellor, Friedrich Merz, is using the dying days of the current parliament to change budgetary rules\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Germany's likely future chancellor, Friedrich Merz, is using the dying days of the current parliament to change budgetary rules\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},\"image\":{\"alt\":\"Friedrich Merz in the Bundestag on 13 March 2025\",\"copyright\":\"Reuters\",\"height\":1079.8771750255885,\"width\":1920,\"src\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/1920/cpsprodpb/6ab4/live/13067fc0-0352-11f0-afda-6146e09cccfe.jpg\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/6ab4/live/13067fc0-0352-11f0-afda-6146e09cccfe.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/6ab4/live/13067fc0-0352-11f0-afda-6146e09cccfe.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/6ab4/live/13067fc0-0352-11f0-afda-6146e09cccfe.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/6ab4/live/13067fc0-0352-11f0-afda-6146e09cccfe.jpg.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/6ab4/live/13067fc0-0352-11f0-afda-6146e09cccfe.jpg.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/6ab4/live/13067fc0-0352-11f0-afda-6146e09cccfe.jpg.webp 976w\",\"mimeType\":\"image/webp\",\"fallbackSrcSets\":[{\"mimeType\":\"image/jpeg\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/6ab4/live/13067fc0-0352-11f0-afda-6146e09cccfe.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/6ab4/live/13067fc0-0352-11f0-afda-6146e09cccfe.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/6ab4/live/13067fc0-0352-11f0-afda-6146e09cccfe.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/6ab4/live/13067fc0-0352-11f0-afda-6146e09cccfe.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/6ab4/live/13067fc0-0352-11f0-afda-6146e09cccfe.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/6ab4/live/13067fc0-0352-11f0-afda-6146e09cccfe.jpg 976w\"}],\"loading\":\"lazy\"}}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Germany's incoming new Chancellor, Friedrich Merz, is in a race against time.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Germany's incoming new Chancellor, Friedrich Merz, is in a race against time.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The new parliament convenes on 25 March and not everyone is in favour of all this money being spent, especially on defence.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The new parliament convenes on 25 March and not everyone is in favour of all this money being spent, especially on defence.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Both the far-right AfD party and the far-left Linke have vowed to oppose it. The vote needs two-thirds in favour to go through, so Merz has a better chance of this happening today, under the existing (old) parliament. It then needs to be approved by Germany's upper house.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Both the far-right AfD party and the far-left Linke have vowed to oppose it. The vote needs two-thirds in favour to go through, so Merz has a better chance of this happening today, under the existing (old) parliament. It then needs to be approved by Germany's upper house.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Meanwhile Europe is still coming to terms with the shock of announcements coming from the Trump administration.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Meanwhile Europe is still coming to terms with the shock of announcements coming from the Trump administration.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"At last month's Munich Security Conference I watched as delegates sat open-mouthed listening to US Vice-President JD Vance's blistering attack on Europe's policies on migration and free speech. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"At last month's Munich Security Conference I watched as delegates sat open-mouthed listening to US Vice-President JD Vance's blistering attack on Europe's policies on migration and free speech. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"This was preceded days earlier by US Defence Secretary Pete Hegseth telling Nato members that America's 80-year-long defensive umbrella for Europe should no longer be taken for granted.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"This was preceded days earlier by US Defence Secretary Pete Hegseth telling Nato members that America's 80-year-long defensive umbrella for Europe should no longer be taken for granted.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Defence strategists in Europe are already planning for the unthinkable: a semi-victorious Russia making gains in Ukraine, then rebuilding its army and threatening Nato's eastern members, such as the Baltic states, within three years or less.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Defence strategists in Europe are already planning for the unthinkable: a semi-victorious Russia making gains in Ukraine, then rebuilding its army and threatening Nato's eastern members, such as the Baltic states, within three years or less.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"This, at a time when the US commitment to Europe's defence is looking extremely shaky. President Trump is being urged by some in his circle to pull US troops out of Europe and even to withdraw from Nato altogether.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"This, at a time when the US commitment to Europe's defence is looking extremely shaky. President Trump is being urged by some in his circle to pull US troops out of Europe and even to withdraw from Nato altogether.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"subheadline\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Historical caution\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Historical caution\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}],\"level\":2,\"fontScale\":\"headlineSmall\",\"id\":\"Historical-caution\",\"isFocusable\":true}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"There is talk of France extending its national nuclear deterrent to cover other European nations.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"There is talk of France extending its national nuclear deterrent to cover other European nations.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Meanwhile, most European governments are under pressure to raise defence spending after years of cuts.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Meanwhile, most European governments are under pressure to raise defence spending after years of cuts.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The British Army has now shrunk to its smallest size since the Napoleonic Wars, over 200 years ago, and experts predict it would run out of ammunition within two weeks of fighting a full-scale conventional war in Europe.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The British Army has now shrunk to its smallest size since the Napoleonic Wars, over 200 years ago, and experts predict it would run out of ammunition within two weeks of fighting a full-scale conventional war in Europe.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"caption\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Germany's Rheinmetall produces 155mm artillery shells, but the US has provided 82% of Ukraine's howitzer munitions\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Germany's Rheinmetall produces 155mm artillery shells, but the US has provided 82% of Ukraine's howitzer munitions\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},\"image\":{\"alt\":\"A production line for 155mm artillery shells at the Rheinmetall plant in Unterluess\",\"copyright\":\"Reuters\",\"height\":2596.390605686032,\"width\":3840,\"src\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/3840/cpsprodpb/573b/live/eaf49160-0357-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/573b/live/eaf49160-0357-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/573b/live/eaf49160-0357-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/573b/live/eaf49160-0357-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/573b/live/eaf49160-0357-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/573b/live/eaf49160-0357-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/573b/live/eaf49160-0357-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg.webp 976w\",\"mimeType\":\"image/webp\",\"fallbackSrcSets\":[{\"mimeType\":\"image/jpeg\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/573b/live/eaf49160-0357-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/573b/live/eaf49160-0357-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/573b/live/eaf49160-0357-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/573b/live/eaf49160-0357-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/573b/live/eaf49160-0357-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/573b/live/eaf49160-0357-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg 976w\"}],\"loading\":\"lazy\"}}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Germany has long been cautious about defence spending, not just for historical reasons dating back to 1945, but also due to the global debt crisis of 2009.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Germany has long been cautious about defence spending, not just for historical reasons dating back to 1945, but also due to the global debt crisis of 2009.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Which brings us back to today's crucial vote in the Bundestag. It is not just about defence. One part is about freeing up €500bn (£420bn) for German infrastructure – fixing things like bridges and roads, but also to pay for climate change measures, something the Green Party insisted on.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Which brings us back to today's crucial vote in the Bundestag. It is not just about defence. One part is about freeing up €500bn (£420bn) for German infrastructure – fixing things like bridges and roads, but also to pay for climate change measures, something the Green Party insisted on.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The other part is about removing the restrictions in the constitution on borrowing that could, in theory, free up unlimited billions of euros for defence spending, both for Germany's armed forces and for a pan-European defence fund. On 4 March European Commission President Ursula Von der Leyen announced plans for an €800bn defence fund called The ReArm Europe Fund.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The other part is about removing the restrictions in the constitution on borrowing that could, in theory, free up unlimited billions of euros for defence spending, both for Germany's armed forces and for a pan-European defence fund. On 4 March European Commission President Ursula Von der Leyen announced plans for an €800bn defence fund called The ReArm Europe Fund.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The proposal being voted on in Berlin is that any spending on defence that amounts to more than 1% of Germany's GDP (national wealth) would no longer be subject to a limit on borrowing. Until now this debt ceiling has been fixed at 0.35 pct of GDP.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The proposal being voted on in Berlin is that any spending on defence that amounts to more than 1% of Germany's GDP (national wealth) would no longer be subject to a limit on borrowing. Until now this debt ceiling has been fixed at 0.35 pct of GDP.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Other countries will be watching closely to see if this proposal passes. If it does not, then the EU Commission's 'ReArm Europe' project could be off to a shaky start.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Other countries will be watching closely to see if this proposal passes. If it does not, then the EU Commission's 'ReArm Europe' project could be off to a shaky start.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"caption\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"If Russia is semi-victorious in Ukraine, Nato fears attacks on its eastern members in three years' time\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"If Russia is semi-victorious in Ukraine, Nato fears attacks on its eastern members in three years' time\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},\"image\":{\"alt\":\"A still image taken from a handout video provided by the Russian Presidential Press Service shows Russian President Vladimir Putin (R) with Russian Chief of General Staff Gen. Valery Gerasimov during a visit to military headquarters in the Kursk region\",\"copyright\":\"EPA\",\"height\":1425.5860869565217,\"width\":2048,\"src\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/2048/cpsprodpb/db29/live/378b01d0-0371-11f0-a387-437e2fb661fc.jpg\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/db29/live/378b01d0-0371-11f0-a387-437e2fb661fc.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/db29/live/378b01d0-0371-11f0-a387-437e2fb661fc.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/db29/live/378b01d0-0371-11f0-a387-437e2fb661fc.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/db29/live/378b01d0-0371-11f0-a387-437e2fb661fc.jpg.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/db29/live/378b01d0-0371-11f0-a387-437e2fb661fc.jpg.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/db29/live/378b01d0-0371-11f0-a387-437e2fb661fc.jpg.webp 976w\",\"mimeType\":\"image/webp\",\"fallbackSrcSets\":[{\"mimeType\":\"image/jpeg\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/db29/live/378b01d0-0371-11f0-a387-437e2fb661fc.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/db29/live/378b01d0-0371-11f0-a387-437e2fb661fc.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/db29/live/378b01d0-0371-11f0-a387-437e2fb661fc.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/db29/live/378b01d0-0371-11f0-a387-437e2fb661fc.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/db29/live/378b01d0-0371-11f0-a387-437e2fb661fc.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/db29/live/378b01d0-0371-11f0-a387-437e2fb661fc.jpg 976w\"}],\"loading\":\"lazy\"}}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The challenge today for Europe's security is a stark one. If the US no longer has its back, or at the very least cannot be relied upon to come to Europe's defence, then what does the continent need to do to fill the gap?\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The challenge today for Europe's security is a stark one. If the US no longer has its back, or at the very least cannot be relied upon to come to Europe's defence, then what does the continent need to do to fill the gap?\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Let's start with the numbers. According to the Kiel Institute, which meticulously tracks these things, Europe spends just 0.1% of its wealth on helping to defend Ukraine, while the US has been spending 0.15%. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Let's start with the numbers. According to the Kiel Institute, which meticulously tracks these things, Europe spends just 0.1% of its wealth on helping to defend Ukraine, while the US has been spending 0.15%. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"That means,\\\" says the Kiel Institute's Giuseppe Irto, \\\"that if Europe is to make up the shortfall then it needs to double its contribution to 0.21%.\\\"\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"That means,\\\" says the Kiel Institute's Giuseppe Irto, \\\"that if Europe is to make up the shortfall then it needs to double its contribution to 0.21%.\\\"\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"flourish\",\"model\":{\"id\":\"21674187\",\"html\":\"\\u003ciframe src=\\\"https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/21674187/embed?auto=1\\\" frameborder=\\\"0\\\" scrolling=\\\"no\\\" height=\\\"575\\\" width=\\\"700\\\" style=\\\"width:100%;\\\" title=\\\"Interactive or visual content\\\">\\u003c/iframe>\",\"maxWidth\":700}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But regardless of what happens today in Berlin this is not just about money.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But regardless of what happens today in Berlin this is not just about money.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Many of the most sought-after weapons in Ukraine's armoury have come from the US, like Patriot air defence and long-range artillery systems like Himars. The Kiel Institute puts the proportion of Ukraine's rocket artillery at 86% coming from the US, with 82% of its howitzer ammunition also being US-sourced.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Many of the most sought-after weapons in Ukraine's armoury have come from the US, like Patriot air defence and long-range artillery systems like Himars. The Kiel Institute puts the proportion of Ukraine's rocket artillery at 86% coming from the US, with 82% of its howitzer ammunition also being US-sourced.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Then there is the whole question of US intelligence aid for Kyiv, much of it derived from satellites and geospatial imagery. If Washington were to permanently switch that off, then Ukrainian forces risk being partially blinded.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Then there is the whole question of US intelligence aid for Kyiv, much of it derived from satellites and geospatial imagery. If Washington were to permanently switch that off, then Ukrainian forces risk being partially blinded.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"If America's nuclear arsenal is taken out of the equation then there is a massive disparity between Russia's 5,000-plus warheads and the combined total of Britain and France's nukes which amount to less than a tenth of that. But that still theoretically leaves enough to act as a nuclear deterrent.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"If America's nuclear arsenal is taken out of the equation then there is a massive disparity between Russia's 5,000-plus warheads and the combined total of Britain and France's nukes which amount to less than a tenth of that. But that still theoretically leaves enough to act as a nuclear deterrent.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"subheadline\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Culture shift\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Culture shift\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}],\"level\":2,\"fontScale\":\"headlineSmall\",\"id\":\"Culture-shift\",\"isFocusable\":true}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"When it comes to \\\"conventional\\\", ie. non-nuclear arms, Western defence chiefs are fond of saying that Nato's combined forces are superior to Russia's. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"When it comes to \\\"conventional\\\", ie. non-nuclear arms, Western defence chiefs are fond of saying that Nato's combined forces are superior to Russia's. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Maybe, but if there is one glaring lesson to come out of the Ukraine war it is that \\\"mass\\\" matters. Russia's army may be of poor quality but President Putin has been able to throw such huge numbers of men, drones, shells and missiles at Ukraine's front lines that the Russians are inexorably advancing, albeit slowly and at huge cost.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Maybe, but if there is one glaring lesson to come out of the Ukraine war it is that \\\"mass\\\" matters. Russia's army may be of poor quality but President Putin has been able to throw such huge numbers of men, drones, shells and missiles at Ukraine's front lines that the Russians are inexorably advancing, albeit slowly and at huge cost.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"This should not come as a surprise. Moscow put its economy on to a war footing some time ago. It appointed an economist as its defence minister and retooled many of its factories to churn out vast quantities of munitions, especially explosive-tipped drones. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"This should not come as a surprise. Moscow put its economy on to a war footing some time ago. It appointed an economist as its defence minister and retooled many of its factories to churn out vast quantities of munitions, especially explosive-tipped drones. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"caption\":{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Ukrainian servicemen have been trained in several European countries, including Germany\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Ukrainian servicemen have been trained in several European countries, including Germany\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},\"image\":{\"alt\":\"Ukrainian soldiers being trained on a Marder tank in Munster, Germany, on 20 February 2023\",\"copyright\":\"EPA\",\"height\":2560,\"width\":3840,\"src\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/3840/cpsprodpb/8bf9/live/5fcb4dd0-0358-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/8bf9/live/5fcb4dd0-0358-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg.webp 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/8bf9/live/5fcb4dd0-0358-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg.webp 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/8bf9/live/5fcb4dd0-0358-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg.webp 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/8bf9/live/5fcb4dd0-0358-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg.webp 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/8bf9/live/5fcb4dd0-0358-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg.webp 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/8bf9/live/5fcb4dd0-0358-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg.webp 976w\",\"mimeType\":\"image/webp\",\"fallbackSrcSets\":[{\"mimeType\":\"image/jpeg\",\"srcSet\":\"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/240/cpsprodpb/8bf9/live/5fcb4dd0-0358-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg 240w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/320/cpsprodpb/8bf9/live/5fcb4dd0-0358-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg 320w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/480/cpsprodpb/8bf9/live/5fcb4dd0-0358-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg 480w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/624/cpsprodpb/8bf9/live/5fcb4dd0-0358-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg 624w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/800/cpsprodpb/8bf9/live/5fcb4dd0-0358-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg 800w, https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/standard/976/cpsprodpb/8bf9/live/5fcb4dd0-0358-11f0-9bb2-ab6d3a01d537.jpg 976w\"}],\"loading\":\"lazy\"}}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"While many European nations have dragged their feet over raising defence spending much above the Nato-mandated 2% of GDP, Russia's is closer to 7%. Around 40% of Russia's national budget is spent on defence.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"While many European nations have dragged their feet over raising defence spending much above the Nato-mandated 2% of GDP, Russia's is closer to 7%. Around 40% of Russia's national budget is spent on defence.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"So Europe has a fair bit of catching up to do if it is to even come close to shoring up its defence and security.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"So Europe has a fair bit of catching up to do if it is to even come close to shoring up its defence and security.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"If the vote passes then it will be significant for Germany and for Europe,\\\" says Ed Arnold, senior research fellow for European security at the Royal United Services Institute think tank.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"If the vote passes then it will be significant for Germany and for Europe,\\\" says Ed Arnold, senior research fellow for European security at the Royal United Services Institute think tank.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"It will set a precedent and allow others to follow... However, three years on from the invasion of Ukraine the case of Germany is a reminder that more money for defence is necessary but not sufficient.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"It will set a precedent and allow others to follow... However, three years on from the invasion of Ukraine the case of Germany is a reminder that more money for defence is necessary but not sufficient.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"Europe needs defence and security leaders who are able to navigate a rapidly deteriorating Euro-Atlantic security environment. Cultural, rather than financial reform, would be most valuable to Europe right now.\\\"\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"Europe needs defence and security leaders who are able to navigate a rapidly deteriorating Euro-Atlantic security environment. 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