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decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Laptop_stickers.jpg/330px-Laptop_stickers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Laptop_stickers.jpg/440px-Laptop_stickers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2016" data-file-height="1584" /></a><figcaption>Stickers on a laptop, applied with pressure-sensitive adhesive</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Pressure-sensitive adhesive</b> (<b>PSA</b>, <b>self-adhesive</b>, <b>self-stick adhesive</b>) is a type of nonreactive <a href="/wiki/Adhesive" title="Adhesive">adhesive</a> which forms a bond when <a href="/wiki/Pressure" title="Pressure">pressure</a> is applied to bond the adhesive with a surface. No solvent, water, or heat is needed to activate the adhesive. It is used in <a href="/wiki/Pressure-sensitive_tape" title="Pressure-sensitive tape">pressure-sensitive tapes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Label" title="Label">labels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glue_dots" title="Glue dots">glue dots</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sticker" title="Sticker">stickers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sticky_note" class="mw-redirect" title="Sticky note">sticky note</a> pads, automobile trim, and a wide variety of other products. </p><p>As the name "pressure-sensitive" indicates, the degree of bond is influenced by the amount of pressure which is used to apply the adhesive to the surface. </p><p>Surface factors such as smoothness, <a href="/wiki/Surface_energy" title="Surface energy">surface energy</a>, removal of contaminants, etc. are also important to proper bonding. </p><p>PSAs are usually designed to form a bond and hold properly at room temperatures. PSAs typically reduce or lose their tack at low temperatures and reduce their shear holding ability at high temperatures; special adhesives are made to function at high or low temperatures. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structural_and_pressure-sensitive_adhesives">Structural and pressure-sensitive adhesives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pressure-sensitive_adhesive&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structural and pressure-sensitive adhesives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Adhesives may be broadly divided in two classes: structural and pressure-sensitive. To form a permanent bond, structural adhesives harden via processes such as <a href="/wiki/Evaporation" title="Evaporation">evaporation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Solvent" title="Solvent">solvent</a> (for example, white glue), reaction with UV radiation (as in <a href="/wiki/Dental_bonding" title="Dental bonding">dental adhesives</a>), <a href="/wiki/Chemical_reaction" title="Chemical reaction">chemical reaction</a> (such as two part <a href="/wiki/Epoxy" title="Epoxy">epoxy</a>), or cooling (as in <a href="/wiki/Hot-melt_adhesive" title="Hot-melt adhesive">hot melt</a>). In contrast, pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) form a bond simply by the application of light pressure to marry the adhesive with the adherend. </p><p>Pressure-sensitive adhesives are designed with a balance between flow and resistance to flow. The bond forms because the adhesive is soft enough to flow, or <a href="/wiki/Wetting" title="Wetting">wet</a>, the adherend. The bond has strength because the adhesive is hard enough to resist flow when <a href="/wiki/Stress_(physics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stress (physics)">stress</a> is applied to the bond. Once the adhesive and the adherend are in proximity, there are also molecular interactions such as <a href="/wiki/Van_der_Waals_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Van der Waals forces">van der Waals forces</a> involved in the bond, which contribute significantly to the ultimate bond strength. PSAs exhibit <a href="/wiki/Viscoelastic" class="mw-redirect" title="Viscoelastic">viscoelastic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Viscous" class="mw-redirect" title="Viscous">viscous</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elasticity_(physics)" title="Elasticity (physics)">elastic</a>) properties, both of which are used for proper bonding. </p><p>In contrast with structural adhesives, whose strength is evaluated as lap shear strength, pressure-sensitive adhesives are characterized by their shear and peel resistance as well as their initial tack. These properties are dependent, among other things, on the formulation, coating thickness, rub-down and temperature. </p><p>"<i>Permanent</i>" pressure-sensitive adhesives are initially pressure-sensitive and removable (for example to recover mislabeled goods) but after hours or days change their properties, by becoming less or not viscous, or by increasing the bond strength, so that the bond becomes permanent.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Effects_of_shape">Effects of shape</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pressure-sensitive_adhesive&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Effects of shape"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The adhesive bonding of a tape or label can be affected by its shape. Tapes with pointed corners start to detach at those corners;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> adhesive strength can be improved by rounding the corners.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications">Applications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pressure-sensitive_adhesive&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Applications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Post_it_notes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Post_it_notes.jpg/240px-Post_it_notes.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Post_it_notes.jpg/360px-Post_it_notes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Post_it_notes.jpg/480px-Post_it_notes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2144" data-file-height="1624" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Post-it_note" title="Post-it note">Post-it notes</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Pressure-sensitive adhesives are designed for either permanent or removable applications. Examples of permanent applications include safety labels for power equipment, foil tape for <a href="/wiki/HVAC" class="mw-redirect" title="HVAC">HVAC</a> duct work, automotive interior trim assembly, and sound/vibration damping films. Some high performance permanent PSAs exhibit high adhesion values and can support kilograms of weight per square centimeter of contact area, even at elevated temperature.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These build adhesion to a permanent bond after several hours or days. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Removal">Removal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pressure-sensitive_adhesive&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Removal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Removable adhesives are designed to form a temporary bond, and ideally can be removed after months or years without leaving residue on the adherend. Removable adhesives are used in applications such as surface protection films, <a href="/wiki/Masking_tape" title="Masking tape">masking tapes</a>, bookmark and <a href="/wiki/Post-it_note" title="Post-it note">note papers</a>, price marking labels, promotional graphics materials, and for skin contact (wound care dressings, <a href="/wiki/Electrocardiogram" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrocardiogram">EKG</a> electrodes, athletic tape, <a href="/wiki/Transdermal_patch" title="Transdermal patch">transdermal drug patches</a>, etc.). Some removable adhesives are designed to repeatedly stick and unstick. They have low adhesion and generally cannot support much weight. </p><p>Sometimes clean removal of pressure sensitive tape can be difficult without damaging the substrate that it is adhered to. Pulling at a slow rate and with a low angle of peel helps reduce surface damage. PSA residue can be softened with certain organic <a href="/wiki/Solvents" class="mw-redirect" title="Solvents">solvents</a> or heat. Extreme cold (<a href="/wiki/Dry_ice" title="Dry ice">dry ice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freeze_spray" title="Freeze spray">freeze spray</a>, etc.) can cause <a href="/wiki/Viscoelastic" class="mw-redirect" title="Viscoelastic">viscoelastic</a> materials to change to a <a href="/wiki/Glass_transition" title="Glass transition">glass</a> phase; thus it is useful for removing many types of PSAs.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manufacture">Manufacture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pressure-sensitive_adhesive&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Manufacture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pressure-sensitive adhesives are manufactured with either a liquid carrier or in 100% solid form. Articles such as tapes and labels are made from liquid PSAs by coating the adhesive on a support and evaporating the <a href="/wiki/Organic_solvent" class="mw-redirect" title="Organic solvent">organic solvent</a> or water carrier, usually in a hot air dryer. The dry adhesive may be further heated to initiate a <a href="/wiki/Cross-link" title="Cross-link">cross-linking</a> reaction and increase molecular weight. 100% solid PSAs may be low <a href="/wiki/Viscosity" title="Viscosity">viscosity</a> polymers that are coated and then reacted with radiation to increase molecular weight and form the adhesive (radiation cured PSA); or they may be high-viscosity materials that are heated to reduce viscosity enough to allow coating, and then cooled to their final form (<a href="/wiki/Hot_melt_adhesive" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot melt adhesive">hot melt PSA</a>, HMPSA). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition">Composition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pressure-sensitive_adhesive&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Chemistry_of_adhesive_tapes" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemistry of adhesive tapes">Chemistry of adhesive tapes</a></div> <p>PSAs are usually based on an <a href="/wiki/Elastomer" title="Elastomer">elastomer</a> compounded with a suitable <a href="/wiki/Tackifier" title="Tackifier">tackifier</a> (e.g., a <a href="/wiki/Rosin" title="Rosin">rosin</a> <a href="/wiki/Ester" title="Ester">ester</a>). The elastomers can be based on <a href="/wiki/Acrylic_resin" title="Acrylic resin">acrylics</a>, which can have sufficient tack on their own and do not require a tackifier. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Styrene" title="Styrene">Styrene</a> <a href="/wiki/Block_copolymer" class="mw-redirect" title="Block copolymer">block copolymers</a> (SBC), also called styrene copolymer adhesives and rubber-based adhesives, have good low-temperature flexibility, high elongation, and high heat resistance. They are frequently used in <a href="/wiki/Hot_melt_adhesive" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot melt adhesive">hot melt adhesive</a> applications, where the composition retains tack even when solidified; however non-pressure-sensitive formulations are also used.<sup id="cite_ref-Massey2003_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Massey2003-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They usually have A-B-A structure, with an elastic rubber segment between two rigid plastic endblocks. High-strength film formers as standalone, increase cohesion and viscosity as an additive. Water-resistant, soluble in some organic solvents; cross-linking improves solvent resistance. Resins associating with endblocks (cumarone-indene, α-methyl styrene, vinyl toluene, aromatic hydrocarbons, etc.) improve adhesion and alter viscosity. Resins associating to the midblocks (aliphatic olefins, rosin esters, polyterpenes, terpene phenolics) improve adhesion, processing and pressure-sensitive properties. Addition of plasticizers reduces cost, improves pressure-sensitive tack, decrease melt viscosity, decrease hardness, and improves low-temperature flexibility. The A-B-A structure promotes a phase separation of the polymer, binding together the endblocks, with the central elastic parts acting as cross-links; SBCs do not require additional cross-linking.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Styrene-<a href="/wiki/Butadiene" title="Butadiene">butadiene</a>-styrene (SBS) is used in high-strength PSA applications, styrene-ethylene/<a href="/wiki/Butylene" class="mw-redirect" title="Butylene">butylene</a>-styrene (SEBS) in low self-adhering non-woven applications, and styrene-ethylene/propylene (SEP) and styrene-<a href="/wiki/Isoprene" title="Isoprene">isoprene</a>-styrene (SIS) are used in low-viscosity high-tack PSA applications. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Temperature_considerations">Temperature considerations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pressure-sensitive_adhesive&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Temperature considerations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The properties of pressure sensitive adhesives can be strongly affected by temperature. The tack or ‘’quick stick’’ characteristics are critical for the initial bonding to the intended substrate; cool temperatures can make a PSA too firm, losing its tack. Once applied, temperature affects the performance on its intended use: Heat can soften an adhesive, reducing its shear holding ability. Cold temperatures can also contribute to premature release. Most PSA and tape test methods are conducted at 23 (°C) and 50% relative humidity but it is common to also conduct testing at other temperatures (and lighter rub-down pressures) to better match PSA performance with requirements of end users. </p><p>Adhesive formulators often use the more fundamental temperature characteristics using the advanced methods such as <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_mechanical_analysis" title="Dynamic mechanical analysis">dynamic mechanical analysis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Differential_scanning_calorimetry" title="Differential scanning calorimetry">differential scanning calorimetry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of particular importance is identifying the '<i>glass-transition temperature’</i>, ‘’T’'<sub>g</sub>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pressure-sensitive_adhesive&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adhesive_remover" title="Adhesive remover">Adhesive remover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blu-Tack" class="mw-redirect" title="Blu-Tack">Blu-Tack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contact_mechanics" title="Contact mechanics">Contact mechanics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_mechanical_analysis" title="Dynamic mechanical analysis">Dynamic mechanical analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glue_dots" title="Glue dots">Glue dots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaffer_tape" title="Gaffer tape">Gaffer tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_adhesive_tapes" title="List of adhesive tapes">List of adhesive tapes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-it_note" title="Post-it note">Post-it note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheology" title="Rheology">Rheology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-adhesive_stamp" title="Self-adhesive stamp">Self-adhesive stamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viscoelasticity" title="Viscoelasticity">Viscoelasticity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressure-sensitive_paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Pressure-sensitive paper">Pressure-sensitive paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetting" title="Wetting">Wetting</a> – Ability of a liquid to maintain contact with a solid surface</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pressure-sensitive_adhesive&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPopovPohrtLi2017" class="citation journal cs1">Popov, Valentin L.; Pohrt, Roman; Li, Qiang (2017-09-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs40544-017-0177-3">"Strength of adhesive contacts: Influence of contact geometry and material gradients"</a>. <i>Friction</i>. <b>5</b> (3): 308–325. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs40544-017-0177-3">10.1007/s40544-017-0177-3</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2223-7690">2223-7690</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Friction&rft.atitle=Strength+of+adhesive+contacts%3A+Influence+of+contact+geometry+and+material+gradients&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=308-325&rft.date=2017-09-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs40544-017-0177-3&rft.issn=2223-7690&rft.aulast=Popov&rft.aufirst=Valentin+L.&rft.au=Pohrt%2C+Roman&rft.au=Li%2C+Qiang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%252Fs40544-017-0177-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APressure-sensitive+adhesive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriction_Physics2017" class="citation cs2">Friction Physics (2017-12-06), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aV2W91d8vwQ"><i>Science friction: Adhesion of complex shapes</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211214/aV2W91d8vwQ">archived</a> from the original on 2021-12-14<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-01-02</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Science+friction%3A+Adhesion+of+complex+shapes&rft.date=2017-12-06&rft.au=Friction+Physics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DaV2W91d8vwQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APressure-sensitive+adhesive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adhesives Age, Water Borne Acrylic, Pierson, Aug 1990</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation patent" id="CITEREFSmith1998"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/ec/d1/45/dffb9410730429/US5798169.pdf">US5,798,169</a>, Smith, "SELF. CONTAINING TAMPER EVIDENT SEAL", published 1998</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent&rft.number=US5,798,169&rft.cc=&rft.title=SELF.+CONTAINING+TAMPER+EVIDENT+SEAL&rft.inventor=Smith&rft.pubdate=1998"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Massey2003-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Massey2003_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiesl_K._Massey2003" class="citation book cs1">Liesl K. Massey (1 January 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MBFwBw2woJIC&pg=PA582"><i>Permeability Properties of Plastics and Elastomers, 2nd Ed.: A Guide to Packaging and Barrier Materials</i></a>. William Andrew. pp. 582–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8155-1851-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8155-1851-8"><bdi>978-0-8155-1851-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Permeability+Properties+of+Plastics+and+Elastomers%2C+2nd+Ed.%3A+A+Guide+to+Packaging+and+Barrier+Materials&rft.pages=582-&rft.pub=William+Andrew&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-8155-1851-8&rft.au=Liesl+K.+Massey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMBFwBw2woJIC%26pg%3DPA582&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APressure-sensitive+adhesive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMark2007" class="citation book cs1">Mark, James E. (21 March 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fZl7q7UgEXkC&q=hot-melt-adhesive%20tack%20resin&pg=PA484"><i>Physical Properties of Polymers Handbook</i></a>. Springer Science & Business Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780387690025" title="Special:BookSources/9780387690025"><bdi>9780387690025</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Physical+Properties+of+Polymers+Handbook&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2007-03-21&rft.isbn=9780387690025&rft.aulast=Mark&rft.aufirst=James+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfZl7q7UgEXkC%26q%3Dhot-melt-adhesive%2520tack%2520resin%26pg%3DPA484&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APressure-sensitive+adhesive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLim2006" class="citation cs2">Lim, Dong-Hyuk (2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/app.24571">"PSA performances and viscoelastic properties of SIS-based PSA blends with H-DCPD tackifiers"</a>, <i>Journal of Applied Polymer Science</i>, <b>103</b> (3): 2839–2846<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Polymer+Science&rft.atitle=PSA+performances+and+viscoelastic+properties+of+SIS-based+PSA+blends+with+H-DCPD+tackifiers&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=2839-2846&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Lim&rft.aufirst=Dong-Hyuk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1002%2Fapp.24571&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APressure-sensitive+adhesive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pressure-sensitive_adhesive&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>"Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives and Applications", Istvan Benedek, 2004, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8247-5059-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8247-5059-4">0-8247-5059-4</a></li> <li>"Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tapes", J. Johnston, PSTC, 2003, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9728001-0-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-9728001-0-7">0-9728001-0-7</a></li> <li>"Pressure Sensitive Formulation", I. Benedek, VSP, 2000, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-6764-330-0" title="Special:BookSources/90-6764-330-0">90-6764-330-0</a></li></ul> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pressure-sensitive_adhesive&oldid=1229576187">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pressure-sensitive_adhesive&oldid=1229576187</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Adhesives" title="Category:Adhesives">Adhesives</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Stationery" title="Category:Stationery">Stationery</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_January_2018" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2018">Articles with unsourced statements from January 2018</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 17 June 2024, at 15:28<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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