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</button> <ul id="toc-Main_characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Video" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Video"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Video</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Video-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Audio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Audio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Audio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Audio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-MPEG-2_Part_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#MPEG-2_Part_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>MPEG-2 Part 3</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-MPEG-2_Part_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-MPEG-2_Part_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#MPEG-2_Part_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>MPEG-2 Part 7</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-MPEG-2_Part_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-MPEG-2_Parts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#MPEG-2_Parts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>MPEG-2 Parts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-MPEG-2_Parts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filename_extensions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filename_extensions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Filename extensions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filename_extensions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Applications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Applications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Applications</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Applications-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Applications subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Applications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-DVD-Video" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DVD-Video"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>DVD-Video</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DVD-Video-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-HDV" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#HDV"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>HDV</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-HDV-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-MOD_and_TOD" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#MOD_and_TOD"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>MOD and TOD</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-MOD_and_TOD-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-XDCAM" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#XDCAM"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>XDCAM</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-XDCAM-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-DVB" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DVB"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>DVB</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DVB-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ATSC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ATSC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>ATSC</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ATSC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ISDB-T" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ISDB-T"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>ISDB-T</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ISDB-T-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Blu-ray" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blu-ray"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.8</span> <span>Blu-ray</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blu-ray-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Patent_pool" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Patent_pool"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Patent pool</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Patent_pool-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Patent pool subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Patent_pool-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Patent_holders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Patent_holders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Patent holders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Patent_holders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">MPEG-2</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%85_%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D9%8A_2" title="إم بي إي جي 2 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إم بي إي جي 2" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%97-%E0%A7%A8" title="এমপেগ-২ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এমপেগ-২" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="MPEG-2" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="MPEG-2" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="MPEG-2" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="MPEG-2" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="MPEG-2" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="MPEG-2" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="MPEG-2" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="MPEG-2" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="MPEG-2" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="MPEG-2" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80-2" title="एमपीईजी-2 – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एमपीईजी-2" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2 – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="MPEG-2" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="MPEG-2" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="MPEG-2" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="MPEG-2" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2 – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="MPEG-2" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="MPEG-2" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="MPEG-2" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="MPEG-2" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="MPEG-2" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="MPEG-2" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="MPEG-2" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="MPEG-2" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="MPEG-2" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="MPEG-2" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="MPEG-2" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="MPEG-2" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="MPEG-2" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="MPEG-2" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="MPEG-2" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="MPEG-2" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2 – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="MPEG-2" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="MPEG-2" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q273902#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Video encoding standard</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with [[MPEG-3 Audio Layer II]] (MP2).</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MPEG.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/MPEG.svg/220px-MPEG.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/MPEG.svg/330px-MPEG.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/MPEG.svg/440px-MPEG.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="192" /></a><figcaption>MPEG-2 is used in Digital Video Broadcast and DVDs. The <a href="/wiki/MPEG_transport_stream" title="MPEG transport stream">MPEG transport stream</a>, TS, and <a href="/wiki/MPEG_program_stream" title="MPEG program stream">MPEG program stream</a>, PS, are <a href="/wiki/Container_format_(digital)" class="mw-redirect" title="Container format (digital)">container formats</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>MPEG-2</b> (a.k.a. H.222/H.262 as was defined by the <a href="/wiki/ITU" class="mw-redirect" title="ITU">ITU</a>) is a standard for "the generic <a href="/wiki/Video_coding_format" title="Video coding format">coding of moving pictures</a> and associated audio information".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It describes a combination of <a href="/wiki/Lossy_compression" title="Lossy compression">lossy</a> <a href="/wiki/Video_compression" class="mw-redirect" title="Video compression">video compression</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lossy_compression" title="Lossy compression">lossy</a> <a href="/wiki/Audio_data_compression" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio data compression">audio data compression</a> methods, which permit storage and transmission of movies using currently available storage media and transmission bandwidth. While MPEG-2 is not as efficient as newer standards such as <a href="/wiki/H.264/AVC" class="mw-redirect" title="H.264/AVC">H.264/AVC</a> and <a href="/wiki/HEVC" class="mw-redirect" title="HEVC">H.265/HEVC</a>, backwards compatibility with existing hardware and software means it is still widely used, for example in over-the-air <a href="/wiki/Digital_television" title="Digital television">digital television</a> broadcasting and in the <a href="/wiki/DVD-Video" title="DVD-Video">DVD-Video</a> standard. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Main_characteristics">Main characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MPEG-2&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Main characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>MPEG-2 is widely used as the format of <a href="/wiki/Digital_television" title="Digital television">digital television</a> signals that are broadcast by <a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_television" title="Terrestrial television">terrestrial</a> (over-the-air), <a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">cable</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Direct_broadcast_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct broadcast satellite">direct broadcast satellite</a> <a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">TV</a> systems. It also specifies the format of movies and other programs that are distributed on <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a> and similar discs. <a href="/wiki/TV_stations" class="mw-redirect" title="TV stations">TV stations</a>, <a href="/wiki/TV_receiver" class="mw-redirect" title="TV receiver">TV receivers</a>, DVD players, and other equipment are often designed to this standard. MPEG-2 was the second of several standards developed by the Moving Pictures Expert Group (<a href="/wiki/MPEG" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG">MPEG</a>) and is an international standard (<b><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>/<a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a> 13818</b>, titled <i>Information technology — Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information</i>). Parts 1 and 2 of MPEG-2 were developed in a collaboration with <a href="/wiki/ITU-T" title="ITU-T">ITU-T</a>, and they have a respective catalog number in the ITU-T Recommendation Series. </p><p>While MPEG-2 is the core of most digital television and DVD formats, it does not completely specify them. Regional institutions can adapt it to their needs by restricting and augmenting aspects of the standard. See <a href="/wiki/H.262/MPEG-2_Part_2#Video_profiles_and_levels" title="H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2">Video profiles and levels</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Systems">Systems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MPEG-2&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/MPEG_program_stream" title="MPEG program stream">MPEG program stream</a> and <a href="/wiki/MPEG_transport_stream" title="MPEG transport stream">MPEG transport stream</a></div> <p>MPEG-2 Part 1 (ISO/IEC 13818-1 and ITU-T Rec. H.222.0<sup id="cite_ref-H.222.0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-H.222.0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), titled <i>Systems</i>, defines two distinct, but related, <a href="/wiki/Digital_container_format" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital container format">container formats</a>. One is the <i>transport stream</i>, a data packet format designed to transmit one data packet in four <a href="/wiki/Asynchronous_Transfer_Mode" title="Asynchronous Transfer Mode">ATM</a> data packets for streaming digital video and audio over fixed or mobile transmission mediums, where the beginning and the end of the stream may not be identified, such as <a href="/wiki/Radio_frequency" title="Radio frequency">radio frequency</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electrical_cable" title="Electrical cable">cable</a> and linear recording mediums, examples of which include <a href="/wiki/ATSC" class="mw-redirect" title="ATSC">ATSC</a>/<a href="/wiki/Digital_Video_Broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Video Broadcasting">DVB</a>/<a href="/wiki/ISDB" title="ISDB">ISDB</a>/<a href="/wiki/SBTVD" class="mw-redirect" title="SBTVD">SBTVD</a> broadcasting, and <a href="/wiki/HDV" title="HDV">HDV</a> recording on tape. The other is the <i>program stream</i>, an extended version of the <a href="/wiki/MPEG-1#Part_1:_Systems" title="MPEG-1">MPEG-1</a> container format with less overhead than <i>transport stream</i>. <i>Program stream</i> is designed for random access storage mediums such as <a href="/wiki/Hard_disk_drive" title="Hard disk drive">hard disk drives</a>, <a href="/wiki/Optical_disc" title="Optical disc">optical discs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flash_memory" title="Flash memory">flash memory</a>. </p><p><i>Transport stream</i> file formats include <a href="/wiki/M2TS" class="mw-redirect" title="M2TS">M2TS</a>, which is used on <a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</a> discs, <a href="/wiki/AVCHD" title="AVCHD">AVCHD</a> on re-writable DVDs and <a href="/wiki/HDV" title="HDV">HDV</a> on <a href="/wiki/Compact_flash" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact flash">compact flash</a> cards. <i>Program stream</i> files include <a href="/wiki/VOB" title="VOB">VOB</a> on <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVDs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Enhanced_VOB" title="Enhanced VOB">Enhanced VOB</a> on the short lived <a href="/wiki/HD_DVD" title="HD DVD">HD DVD</a>. The standard MPEG-2 <i>transport stream</i> contains packets of 188 bytes. M2TS prepends each packet with 4 bytes containing a 2-bit copy permission indicator and 30-bit timestamp. </p><p><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a> authorized the "<a href="/wiki/SMPTE" class="mw-redirect" title="SMPTE">SMPTE</a> Registration Authority, LLC" as the registration authority for MPEG-2 format identifiers. The registration descriptor of MPEG-2 transport is provided by ISO/IEC 13818-1 in order to enable users of the standard to unambiguously carry data when its format is not necessarily a recognized international standard. This provision will permit the MPEG-2 transport standard to carry all types of data while providing for a method of unambiguous identification of the characteristics of the underlying private data.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Video">Video</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MPEG-2&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Video"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/H.262/MPEG-2_Part_2" title="H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2">H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2</a></div> <p>MPEG-2 Part 2 (ISO/IEC 13818-2 and ITU-T Rec. H.262), titled <i>Video</i>, is similar to the previous <a href="/wiki/MPEG-1#Part_2:_Video" title="MPEG-1">MPEG-1 Part 2</a> standard, but adds support for <a href="/wiki/Interlaced_video" title="Interlaced video">interlaced video</a>, the format used by analog broadcast TV systems. MPEG-2 video is not optimized for low <a href="/wiki/Bit_rate" title="Bit rate">bit rates</a>, especially less than 1 Mbit/s at <a href="/wiki/Standard-definition" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard-definition">standard-definition</a> resolutions. All standards-compliant MPEG-2 Video decoders are fully capable of playing back MPEG-1 Video streams conforming to the constrained parameters bitstream (CPB) limits. </p><p>With some enhancements, MPEG-2 Video and Systems are also used in some <a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">HDTV</a> transmission systems, and is the standard format for over-the-air <a href="/wiki/ATSC" class="mw-redirect" title="ATSC">ATSC</a> digital television.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Audio">Audio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MPEG-2&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Audio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>MPEG-2 introduces new audio encoding methods compared to MPEG-1:<sup id="cite_ref-mpeg-audio_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpeg-audio-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="MPEG-2_Part_3">MPEG-2 Part 3</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MPEG-2&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: MPEG-2 Part 3"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/MPEG-2_Part_3" title="MPEG-2 Part 3">MPEG-2 Part 3</a></div> <p>MPEG-2 Part 3 (ISO/IEC 13818-3), titled <i>Audio</i>, enhances <a href="/wiki/MPEG-1" title="MPEG-1">MPEG-1</a>'s audio by allowing the coding of audio programs with more than two <a href="/wiki/Surround_sound" title="Surround sound">channels</a>, up to 5.1 multichannel. This method is backwards-compatible with MPEG-1, allowing MPEG-1 audio decoders to decode the two main stereo components of the presentation.<sup id="cite_ref-mpeg-2-layer-1-2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpeg-2-layer-1-2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This extension is called <a href="/wiki/MPEG_Multichannel" title="MPEG Multichannel">MPEG Multichannel</a> or MPEG-2 BC (backwards-compatible).<sup id="cite_ref-mpeg-audio-faq-bc_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpeg-audio-faq-bc-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mpeg-bc_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpeg-bc-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-iso13818-7-2006-pdf_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iso13818-7-2006-pdf-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-iso13818-7-2004-pdf_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iso13818-7-2004-pdf-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>MPEG-2 Part 3 also defines additional bit rates and sampling rates for MPEG-1 Audio Layers I, II, and III.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This extension is known as MPEG-2 LSF (low sampling frequencies), since the new sampling rates are one-half multiples (16, 22.05 and 24 kHz) of the sampling rates defined in MPEG-1 (32, 44.1 and 48 kHz). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="MPEG-2_Part_7">MPEG-2 Part 7</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MPEG-2&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: MPEG-2 Part 7"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="Advanced Audio Coding">Advanced Audio Coding</a></div> <p>MPEG-2 Part 7 (ISO/IEC 13818-7), titled <i>Advanced Audio Coding (AAC)</i> specifies a rather different, non-backwards-compatible audio format.<sup id="cite_ref-iso13818-7-2006-pdf_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iso13818-7-2006-pdf-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This format is most commonly called Advanced Audio Coding (AAC), but was originally called MPEG-2 NBC (non-backwards-compatible).<sup id="cite_ref-mpeg-audio-faq-bc_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpeg-audio-faq-bc-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mpeg-bc_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpeg-bc-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mpeg-audio-florence_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpeg-audio-florence-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>AAC is more efficient than the previous MPEG audio standards, and is in some ways less complicated than its predecessor, <a href="/wiki/MPEG-1#Layer_III" title="MPEG-1">MPEG-1 Part 3 Audio Layer 3</a>, in that it does not have the hybrid filter bank. It supports from 1 to 48 channels at sampling rates of 8 to 96 kHz, with multichannel, multilingual, and multiprogram capabilities.<sup id="cite_ref-mpeg-audio_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpeg-audio-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>AAC is also defined in <a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_3" title="MPEG-4 Part 3">MPEG-4 Part 3</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="MPEG-2_Parts">MPEG-2 Parts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MPEG-2&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: MPEG-2 Parts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>MPEG-2 standards are published as "Parts". Each part covers a certain aspect of the whole specification. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"> <caption>MPEG-2 Parts<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jtc1-sc29_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jtc1-sc29-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:8%;">Part </th> <th style="width:15%;">Number </th> <th style="width:8%;">First public release date (first edition) </th> <th style="width:8%;">Latest public release date (last edition) </th> <th style="width:8%;">Latest amendment </th> <th style="width:6%;">Identical ITU-T Rec. </th> <th style="width:23%;">Title </th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td>Part 1 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/standard/67331.html">ISO/IEC 13818-1</a> </td> <td>1996 </td> <td>2015 </td> <td>2016<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-H.222.0">H.222.0</a> </td> <td>Systems </td> <td>Synchronization and multiplexing of video and audio. See <a href="/wiki/MPEG_transport_stream" title="MPEG transport stream">MPEG transport stream</a> and <a href="/wiki/MPEG_program_stream" title="MPEG program stream">MPEG program stream</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2_Part_2" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG-2 Part 2">Part 2</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/standard/61152.html">ISO/IEC 13818-2</a> </td> <td>1996 </td> <td>2013 </td> <td> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-H.262">H.262</a> </td> <td>Video </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Video_coding_format" title="Video coding format">Video coding format</a> for interlaced and non-interlaced video signals </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2_Part_3" title="MPEG-2 Part 3">Part 3</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/standard/26797.html">ISO/IEC 13818-3</a> </td> <td>1995 </td> <td>1998 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Audio </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Audio_coding_format" title="Audio coding format">Audio coding format</a> for perceptual coding of audio signals. A multichannel-enabled extension and extension of bit rates and sample rates for MPEG-1 Audio Layer I, II and III. Backwards-compatible (BC) audio (backwards-compatible with MPEG-1). </td></tr> <tr> <td>Part 4 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/standard/40092.html">ISO/IEC 13818-4</a> </td> <td>1998 </td> <td>2004 </td> <td>2009<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td>Conformance testing </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Part 5 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/standard/39486.html">ISO/IEC TR 13818-5</a> </td> <td>1997 </td> <td>2005 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Software simulation </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Part 6 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/standard/25039.html">ISO/IEC 13818-6</a> </td> <td>1998 </td> <td>1998 </td> <td>2001<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td>Extensions for DSM-CC </td> <td><a href="/wiki/DSM_CC" title="DSM CC">DSM-CC</a> (digital storage media command and control)<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2_Part_7" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG-2 Part 7">Part 7</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/standard/43345.html">ISO/IEC 13818-7</a> </td> <td>1997 </td> <td>2006 </td> <td>2007<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td>Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="Advanced Audio Coding">Advanced Audio Coding</a> (AAC). Non-backwards-compatible (NBC) audio (not backwards-compatible with MPEG-1). </td></tr> <tr> <td>Part 8 </td> <td>Withdrawn </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>10-bit video extension. Primary application was studio video, allowing artifact-free processing without giving up compression. Work began in 1995, but was terminated in 2007 because of insufficient industry interest.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Part 9 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/standard/25434.html">ISO/IEC 13818-9</a> </td> <td>1996 </td> <td>1996 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Extension for real time interface for systems decoders </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Part 10 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/standard/27044.html">ISO/IEC 13818-10</a> </td> <td>1999 </td> <td>1999 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Conformance extensions for Digital Storage Media Command and Control (DSM-CC) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Part 11 </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/standard/37680.html">ISO/IEC 13818-11</a> </td> <td>2004 </td> <td>2004 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>IPMP on MPEG-2 systems </td> <td>Intellectual Property Management and Protection (IPMP).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> XML IPMP messages are also defined in ISO/IEC 23001-3.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MPEG-2&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>MPEG-2 evolved out of the shortcomings of MPEG-1. </p><p>MPEG-1's known weaknesses: </p> <ul><li>An audio compression system limited to two channels (stereo)</li> <li>No standardized support for interlaced video with poor compression when used for interlaced video</li> <li>Only one standardized "profile", constrained parameters bitstream (CBP), which was unsuited for higher resolution video. MPEG-1 could support 4K video but there was no easy way to encode video for higher resolutions, and identify hardware capable of supporting it, as the limitations of such hardware were not defined.</li> <li>Support for only one <a href="/wiki/Chroma_subsampling" title="Chroma subsampling">chroma subsampling</a>, 4:2:0</li></ul> <p>Sakae Okubo of <a href="/wiki/Nippon_Telegraph_and_Telephone" title="Nippon Telegraph and Telephone">NTT</a> was the <a href="/wiki/ITU-T" title="ITU-T">ITU-T</a> coordinator for developing the <a href="/wiki/H.262/MPEG-2_Part_2" title="H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2">H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2</a> video coding standard and the requirements chairman in <a href="/wiki/MPEG" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG">MPEG</a> for the MPEG-2 set of standards.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of patents underlying MPEG-2 technology are owned by three companies: <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a> (311 patents), <a href="/wiki/Technicolor_SA" class="mw-redirect" title="Technicolor SA">Thomson</a> (198 patents) and <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Electric" title="Mitsubishi Electric">Mitsubishi Electric</a> (119 patents).<sup id="cite_ref-mpegla_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpegla-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Electronics" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyundai Electronics">Hyundai Electronics</a> (now <a href="/wiki/SK_Hynix" title="SK Hynix">SK Hynix</a>) developed the first MPEG-2 SAVI (System/Audio/Video) decoder in 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-hynix90s_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hynix90s-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MPEG-2&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2008</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filename_extensions">Filename extensions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MPEG-2&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Filename extensions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>.mpg, .mpeg, .m2v, .mp2, .<a href="/wiki/MP3" title="MP3">mp3</a> are some of a number of filename extensions used for <a href="/wiki/MPEG-1" title="MPEG-1">MPEG-1</a> or MPEG-2 audio and video file formats. </p><p>File extension <b><a href="/wiki/MP3" title="MP3">MP3</a></b> (formally <b>MPEG-1 Audio Layer III</b> or <b>MPEG-2 Audio Layer III</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Audio_coding_format" title="Audio coding format">coding format</a> for <a href="/wiki/Digital_audio" title="Digital audio">digital audio</a> developed largely by the <a href="/wiki/Fraunhofer_Society" title="Fraunhofer Society">Fraunhofer Society</a> in Germany, with support from other digital scientists in the United States and elsewhere. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications">Applications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MPEG-2&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Applications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="DVD-Video">DVD-Video</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MPEG-2&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: DVD-Video"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/DVD-Video" title="DVD-Video">DVD-Video</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/DVD-Video" title="DVD-Video">DVD-Video</a> standard uses MPEG-2 video, but imposes some restrictions: </p> <ul><li>Allowed Dimensions <ul><li>720 × 480, 704 × 480, 352 × 480, 352 × 240 pixel (NTSC)</li> <li>720 × 576, 702 × 576, 352 × 576, 352 × 288 pixel (PAL)</li></ul></li> <li>Allowed <a href="/wiki/Aspect_ratio_(image)" title="Aspect ratio (image)">Aspect ratios</a> (Display AR) <ul><li>4:3 (for <a href="/wiki/Letterboxed" class="mw-redirect" title="Letterboxed">letterboxed</a> widescreen and non-widescreen frames)</li> <li>16:9 (for <a href="/wiki/Anamorphic_widescreen" title="Anamorphic widescreen">anamorphic widescreen</a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>dvdaspect 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1.85:1 and 2.35:1, among others, are often listed as valid DVD aspect ratios, but are wider film aspects with letterbox style padding to create a 16:9 image</span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li>Allowed frame rates <ul><li>29.97 interlaced frame/s (NTSC)</li> <li>23.976 progressive frame/s (for NTSC 2:3 pull-down to 29.97<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>dvdrates 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li>25 interlaced frame/s (PAL)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">By using a pattern of REPEAT_FIRST_FIELD flags on the headers of encoded pictures, pictures can be displayed for either two or three fields and almost any picture display rate (minimum ⅔ of the frame rate) can be achieved. This is most often used to display 23.976 (approximately film rate) video on NTSC. See <a href="/wiki/Telecine" title="Telecine">telecine</a> for more information on how this works.</span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li>Audio + video bitrate <ul><li>Video peak 9.8 Mbit/s</li> <li>Total peak 10.08 Mbit/s</li> <li>Minimum 300 kbit/s</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chroma_subsampling" title="Chroma subsampling">YUV 4:2:0</a></li> <li>Additional subtitles possible</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed_captioning#DVDs_and_Blu-ray_Discs" title="Closed captioning">Closed captioning</a> (NTSC only)</li> <li>Audio <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LPCM" class="mw-redirect" title="LPCM">Linear Pulse Code Modulation</a> (LPCM): 48 kHz or 96 kHz; 16- or 24-bit; up to six channels (not all combinations possible due to bitrate constraints)</li> <li>MPEG Layer 2 (MP2): 48 kHz, up to 5.1 channels (required in PAL players only)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital">Dolby Digital</a> (DD, also known as AC-3): 48 kHz, 32–448 kbit/s, up to 5.1 channels</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Theater_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Theater Systems">Digital Theater Systems</a> (DTS): 754 kbit/s or 1510 kbit/s (not required for DVD player compliance)</li> <li>NTSC DVDs must contain at least one LPCM or Dolby Digital audio track.</li> <li>PAL DVDs must contain at least one MPEG Layer 2, LPCM, or Dolby Digital audio track.</li> <li>Players are not required to play back audio with more than two channels, but must be able to <a href="/wiki/Downmixing" class="mw-redirect" title="Downmixing">downmix</a> multichannel audio to two channels.</li></ul></li> <li>GOP structure (Group Of Pictures) <ul><li>Sequence header must be present at the beginning of every GOP</li> <li>Maximum frames per GOP: 18 (NTSC) / 15 (PAL), i.e. 0.6 seconds both</li> <li>Closed GOP required for multi-angle DVDs</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="HDV">HDV</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MPEG-2&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: HDV"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/HDV" title="HDV">HDV</a></div> <p>HDV is a format for recording and playback of high-definition MPEG-2 video on a DV cassette tape. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="MOD_and_TOD">MOD and TOD</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MPEG-2&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: MOD and TOD"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/MOD_and_TOD_(video_format)" class="mw-redirect" title="MOD and TOD (video format)">MOD and TOD (video format)</a></div> <p>MOD and TOD are recording formats for use in consumer digital file-based camcorders. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="XDCAM">XDCAM</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MPEG-2&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: XDCAM"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/XDCAM" title="XDCAM">XDCAM</a></div> <p>XDCAM is a professional file-based video recording format. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="DVB">DVB</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MPEG-2&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: DVB"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Application-specific restrictions on MPEG-2 video in the <a href="/wiki/Digital_Video_Broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Video Broadcasting">DVB</a> standard: </p><p>Allowed resolutions for <a href="/wiki/SDTV" class="mw-redirect" title="SDTV">SDTV</a>: </p> <ul><li>720, 704, 544, 528, 480 or 352 × 480 pixel, 24/1.001, 24, 30/1.001 or 30 frame/s</li> <li>352 × 240 pixel, 24/1.001, 24, 30/1.001 or 30 frame/s</li> <li>720, 702, 544, 528, 480 or 352 × 576 pixel, 25 frame/s</li> <li>352 × 288 pixel, 25 frame/s</li></ul> <p>For HDTV: </p> <ul><li>720 x 576 x 50 frame/s progressive (576p50)</li> <li>1280 x 720 x 25 or 50 frame/s progressive (720p50/720p50)</li> <li>1440 or 1920 x 1080 x 25 frame/s progressive (1080p25 = film mode)</li> <li>1440 or 1920 x 1080 x 25 frame/s interlace (1080i50)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ATSC">ATSC</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MPEG-2&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: ATSC"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/ATSC_standards" title="ATSC standards">ATSC standards</a></div> <p>The ATSC A/53 standard used in the United States, uses MPEG-2 video at the Main Profile @ High Level (MP@HL), with additional restrictions such as the maximum bitrate of 19.39 Mbit/s for broadcast television and 38.8 Mbit/s for cable television, 4:2:0 <a href="/wiki/Chroma_subsampling" title="Chroma subsampling">chroma subsampling</a> format, and mandatory colorimetry information. </p><p>ATSC allows the following video resolutions, aspect ratios, and frame/field rates: </p> <ul><li>1920 × 1080 pixel (16:9, square pixels), at 30p, 29.97p, 24p, 23.976p, 60i, 59.94i.</li> <li>1280 × 720 pixel (16:9, square pixels), at 60p, 59.94p, 30p, 29.97p, 24p, or 23.976p</li> <li>704 × 480 pixel (4:3 or 16:9, non-square pixels), at 60p, 59.94p, 30p, 29.97p, 24p, 23.976p, 60i, or 59.94i</li> <li>640 × 480 pixel (4:3, square pixels), at 60p, 59.94p, 30p, 29.97p, 24p, 23.976p, 60i, or 59.94i</li></ul> <p>ATSC standard A/63 defines additional resolutions and aspect rates for 50 Hz (PAL) signal. </p><p>The ATSC specification and MPEG-2 allow the use of progressive frames, even within an interlaced video sequence. For example, a station that transmits 1080i60 video sequence can use a coding method where those 60 fields are coded with 24 progressive frames and metadata instructs the decoder to interlace them and perform 3:2 pulldown before display. This allows broadcasters to switch between 60 Hz interlaced (news, soap operas) and 24 Hz progressive (prime-time) content without ending the MPEG-2 sequence and introducing several seconds of delay as the TV switches formats. This is the reason why 1080p30 and 1080p24 sequences allowed by the ATSC specification are not used in practice. </p><p>The 1080-line formats are encoded with 1920 × 1088 pixel luma matrices and 960 × 540 chroma matrices, but the last 8 lines are discarded by the MPEG-2 decoding and display process. </p><p>ATSC A/72 is the newest revision of ATSC standards for digital television, which allows the use of H.264/AVC video coding format and 1080p60 signal. </p><p>MPEG-2 audio was a contender for the ATSC standard during the <a href="/wiki/Digital_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Television">DTV</a> "<a href="/wiki/Grand_Alliance_(HDTV)" title="Grand Alliance (HDTV)">Grand Alliance</a>" shootout, but lost out to <a href="/wiki/Dolby_AC-3" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby AC-3">Dolby AC-3</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ISDB-T">ISDB-T</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MPEG-2&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: ISDB-T"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Technical features of MPEG-2 in ATSC are also valid for <a href="/wiki/ISDB-T" class="mw-redirect" title="ISDB-T">ISDB-T</a>, except that in the main TS has aggregated a second program for mobile devices compressed in <a href="/wiki/MPEG-4" title="MPEG-4">MPEG-4</a> H.264 AVC for video and <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="Advanced Audio Coding">AAC</a>-LC for audio, mainly known as <a href="/wiki/1seg" title="1seg">1seg</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MPEG-2&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Blu-ray"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</a></div> <p>MPEG-2 is one of the three supported video coding formats supported by Blu-ray Disc. Early Blu-ray releases typically used MPEG-2 video, but recent releases are almost always in <a href="/wiki/H.264/MPEG-4_AVC" class="mw-redirect" title="H.264/MPEG-4 AVC">H.264</a> or occasionally <a href="/wiki/VC-1" title="VC-1">VC-1</a>. Only MPEG-2 video (MPEG-2 part 2) is supported, Blu-ray does not support MPEG-2 audio (parts 3 and 7). Additionally, the container format used on Blu-ray discs is an MPEG-2 transport stream, regardless of which audio and video codecs are used. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Patent_pool">Patent pool</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MPEG-2&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Patent pool"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of January 3, 2024, MPEG-2 <a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">patents</a> have <a href="/wiki/Term_of_patent" title="Term of patent">expired</a> worldwide, with the exception of only Malaysia, where the last patent is expected to expire in 2035.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last US patent expired on February 23, 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-PatentList_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PatentList-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/MPEG_LA" title="MPEG LA">MPEG LA</a>, a private patent licensing organization, had acquired rights from over 20 corporations and one university to license a <a href="/wiki/Patent_pool" title="Patent pool">patent pool</a> of approximately 640 worldwide patents, which it claimed were "essential" to use of MPEG-2 technology. The patent holders included <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Electric" title="Mitsubishi Electric">Mitsubishi Electric</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fujitsu" title="Fujitsu">Fujitsu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Panasonic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scientific_Atlanta" title="Scientific Atlanta">Scientific Atlanta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philips" title="Philips">Philips</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_Instrument" title="General Instrument">General Instrument</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canon_Inc." title="Canon Inc.">Canon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hitachi" title="Hitachi">Hitachi</a>, <a href="/wiki/JVC_Kenwood" class="mw-redirect" title="JVC Kenwood">JVC Kenwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/LG_Electronics" title="LG Electronics">LG Electronics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nippon_Telegraph_and_Telephone" title="Nippon Telegraph and Telephone">NTT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samsung" title="Samsung">Samsung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanyo" title="Sanyo">Sanyo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sharp_Corporation" title="Sharp Corporation">Sharp</a> and <a href="/wiki/Toshiba" title="Toshiba">Toshiba</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Where <a href="/wiki/Software_patent" title="Software patent">Software patentability</a> is upheld and patents have not expired (only Malaysia), the use of MPEG-2 requires the payment of licensing fees to the patent holders. Other patents were licensed by Audio MPEG, Inc.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The development of the standard itself took less time than the patent negotiations.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Patent pooling between essential and peripheral patent holders in the MPEG-2 pool was the subject of a study by the University of Wisconsin.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the MPEG-2 licensing agreement <b>any</b> use of MPEG-2 technology in countries with active patents (Malaysia) is subject to <a href="/wiki/Royalties" class="mw-redirect" title="Royalties">royalties</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MPEG2PatentPoolLicense_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPEG2PatentPoolLicense-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MPEG-2 encoders and decoders are subject to $0.35 per unit.<sup id="cite_ref-MPEG2PatentPoolLicense_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPEG2PatentPoolLicense-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, any packaged medium (DVDs/Data Streams) is subject to licence fees according to length of recording/broadcast. The royalties were previously priced higher but were lowered at several points, most recently on January 1, 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-MPEG2PatentPoolLicense_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPEG2PatentPoolLicense-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An earlier criticism of the MPEG-2 patent pool was that even though the number of patents had decreased from 1,048 to 416 by June 2013 the license fee had not decreased with the expiration rate of MPEG-2 patents.<sup id="cite_ref-MPEG2PatentPoolMay2013Business_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPEG2PatentPoolMay2013Business-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MPEG2PatentPoolJanuary2013Forbes_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPEG2PatentPoolJanuary2013Forbes-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MPEG2PatentPoolJanuary2013FoxNews_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPEG2PatentPoolJanuary2013FoxNews-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Patent_holders">Patent holders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MPEG-2&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Patent holders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following organizations have held patents for MPEG-2, as listed at <a href="/wiki/MPEG_LA" title="MPEG LA">MPEG LA</a>. See also <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_MPEG-2_patents" title="List of United States MPEG-2 patents">List of United States MPEG-2 patents</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Organization </th> <th>Patents<sup id="cite_ref-mpegla_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpegla-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sony_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony Corporation">Sony Corporation</a> </td> <td>311 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Technicolor_SA" class="mw-redirect" title="Technicolor SA">Thomson</a> Licensing </td> <td>198 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Electric" title="Mitsubishi Electric">Mitsubishi Electric</a> </td> <td>119 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Philips" title="Philips">Philips</a> </td> <td>99 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">GE</a> Technology Development, Inc. </td> <td>75 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Panasonic_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Panasonic Corporation">Panasonic Corporation</a> </td> <td>55 </td></tr> <tr> <td>CIF Licensing, LLC </td> <td>44 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/JVC_Kenwood" class="mw-redirect" title="JVC Kenwood">JVC Kenwood</a> </td> <td>39 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Samsung_Electronics" title="Samsung Electronics">Samsung Electronics</a> </td> <td>38 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Alcatel Lucent (including Multimedia Patent Trust) </td> <td>33 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cisco Technology, Inc. </td> <td>13 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Toshiba_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Toshiba Corporation">Toshiba Corporation</a> </td> <td>9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> </td> <td>9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/LG_Electronics" title="LG Electronics">LG Electronics</a> </td> <td>8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hitachi" title="Hitachi">Hitachi</a> </td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Orange_S.A." title="Orange S.A.">Orange S.A.</a> </td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fujitsu" title="Fujitsu">Fujitsu</a> </td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bosch_GmbH" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Bosch GmbH">Robert Bosch GmbH</a> </td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/General_Instrument" title="General Instrument">General Instrument</a> </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Telecommunications" class="mw-redirect" title="British Telecommunications">British Telecommunications</a> </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Canon_Inc." title="Canon Inc.">Canon Inc.</a> </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/KDDI_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="KDDI Corporation">KDDI Corporation</a> </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nippon_Telegraph_and_Telephone" title="Nippon Telegraph and Telephone">Nippon Telegraph and Telephone</a> (NTT) </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>ARRIS Technology, Inc. </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sanyo_Electric" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanyo Electric">Sanyo Electric</a> </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sharp_Corporation" title="Sharp Corporation">Sharp Corporation</a> </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard</a> Enterprise Company </td> <td>1 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MPEG-2&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1_Audio_Layer_II" title="MPEG-1 Audio Layer II">MPEG-1 Audio Layer II (MP2)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP3" title="MP3">MPEG-1 Audio Layer III (MP3)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVB-S2" title="DVB-S2">DVB-S2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_JTC_1/SC_29" title="ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29">ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moving_Picture_Experts_Group" title="Moving Picture Experts Group">Moving Picture Experts Group</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MPEG-2&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MPEG+LA&rft.atitle=MPEG-2+Patent+List&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mpegla.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fm2-att1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMPEG-2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hynix90s-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hynix90s_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205032928/https://www.skhynix.com/eng/about/history1990.jsp">"History: 1990s"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/SK_Hynix" title="SK Hynix">SK Hynix</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.skhynix.com/eng/about/history1990.jsp">the original</a> on 5 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SK+Hynix&rft.atitle=History%3A+1990s&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.skhynix.com%2Feng%2Fabout%2Fhistory1990.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMPEG-2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bryanquigley.com/pages/mpeg2-patent-tracker.html">"3 Malaysia MPEG-2 Patents left"</a>. <i>Bryan Quigley</i>. 2024-01-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bryan+Quigley&rft.atitle=3+Malaysia+MPEG-2+Patents+left&rft.date=2024-01-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbryanquigley.com%2Fpages%2Fmpeg2-patent-tracker.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMPEG-2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PatentList-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PatentList_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mpegla.com/wp-content/uploads/m2-att1.pdf">"MPEG-2 Attachment 1"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>MPEG LA</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190529164140/https://www.mpegla.com/wp-content/uploads/m2-att1.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 29 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MPEG+LA&rft.atitle=MPEG-2+Attachment+1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mpegla.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fm2-att1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMPEG-2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_Chirgwin2018" class="citation web cs1">Richard Chirgwin (15 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.co.uk/2018/02/15/world_farewells_the_last_mpeg2_patent/">"Waddawewant? Free video codecs! When dowe .. oh, look, the last MPEG-2 patent expired!"</a>. <i>The Register</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180215143836/https://www.theregister.co.uk/2018/02/15/world_farewells_the_last_mpeg2_patent/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Register&rft.atitle=Waddawewant%3F+Free+video+codecs%21+When+dowe+..+oh%2C+look%2C+the+last+MPEG-2+patent+expired%21&rft.date=2018-02-15&rft.au=Richard+Chirgwin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theregister.co.uk%2F2018%2F02%2F15%2Fworld_farewells_the_last_mpeg2_patent%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMPEG-2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mpegla.com/programs/mpeg-2/">"MPEG-2 Patent Portfolio License Program"</a>. <i>MPEG LA</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190529164538/https://www.mpegla.com/programs/mpeg-2/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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MPEG LA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190529164747/https://www.mpegla.com/programs/mpeg-2/license-agreement/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=MPEG-2+License+Agreement&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mpegla.com%2Fprograms%2Fmpeg-2%2Flicense-agreement%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMPEG-2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MPEG2PatentPoolMay2013Business-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MPEG2PatentPoolMay2013Business_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20130509005972/en/Patent-Pools-Create-Anticompetitive-Effects-Report-Finds">"Patent Pools May Create Anticompetitive Effects, New Report Finds"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Business_Wire" title="Business Wire">Business Wire</a>. 2013-05-09. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140820224617/http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20130509005972/en/Patent-Pools-Create-Anticompetitive-Effects-Report-Finds">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-08-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-06-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Patent+Pools+May+Create+Anticompetitive+Effects%2C+New+Report+Finds&rft.date=2013-05-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businesswire.com%2Fnews%2Fhome%2F20130509005972%2Fen%2FPatent-Pools-Create-Anticompetitive-Effects-Report-Finds&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMPEG-2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MPEG2PatentPoolJanuary2013Forbes-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MPEG2PatentPoolJanuary2013Forbes_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBret_Swanson2013" class="citation magazine cs1">Bret Swanson (2013-04-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/bretswanson/2013/04/30/mpeg-la-shows-need-to-rebuild-ip-foundations/">"MPEG-LA Shows Need to Rebuild IP Foundations"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130430144859/http://www.forbes.com/sites/bretswanson/2013/04/30/mpeg-la-shows-need-to-rebuild-ip-foundations/">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-04-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-05-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=MPEG-LA+Shows+Need+to+Rebuild+IP+Foundations&rft.date=2013-04-30&rft.au=Bret+Swanson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fbretswanson%2F2013%2F04%2F30%2Fmpeg-la-shows-need-to-rebuild-ip-foundations%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMPEG-2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MPEG2PatentPoolJanuary2013FoxNews-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MPEG2PatentPoolJanuary2013FoxNews_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteve_Forbes2013" class="citation news cs1">Steve Forbes (2013-03-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/americas-patent-system-is-all-wrong-for-todays-high-tech-world/">"America's patent system is all wrong for today's high-tech world"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fox_News_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox News Channel">Fox News Channel</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130616102104/http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2013/03/18/america-patent-system-is-all-wrong-for-todays-high-tech-world/">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-06-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-06-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=America%27s+patent+system+is+all+wrong+for+today%27s+high-tech+world&rft.date=2013-03-18&rft.au=Steve+Forbes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fopinion%2Famericas-patent-system-is-all-wrong-for-todays-high-tech-world%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMPEG-2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MPEG-2&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130605084043/http://www.iem.thm.de/telekom-labor/zinke/mk/mpeg2beg/beginnzi.htm">A Beginners Guide for MPEG-2 Standard</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071023065124/http://erg.abdn.ac.uk/research/future-net/digital-video/mpeg2.html">MPEG-2 Overview</a> (figures are lost)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/rd/pubs/papers/paper_14/paper_14.shtml">MPEG-2 video compression</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060902044211/http://www.bbc.co.uk/rd/pubs/papers/paper_14/paper_14.shtml">Archived</a> 2006-09-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.mit.edu/afs/athena/course/6/6.344/www/Video/teaching_MIT6344.html">MIT 6.344</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051105014305/http://web.mit.edu/afs/athena/course/6/6.344/www/Video/teaching_MIT6344.html">Archived</a> 2005-11-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> - Slides from lectures on video compression at MIT.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.egr.msu.edu/waves/people/Ali_files/DCT_TR802.pdf">A Discrete Cosine Transform tutorial</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080528022050/http://www.egr.msu.edu/waves/people/Ali_files/DCT_TR802.pdf">Archived</a> 2008-05-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080309044041/http://www.shenick.com/pdfs/Testing_MPEG_IPTV_VOD_QOE.pdf">IPTV MPEG and Quality of Experience Testing</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/openipmp/">OpenIPMP: Open Source DRM Project for MPEG-2</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iso.org/iso/en/CatalogueDetailPage.CatalogueDetail?CSNUMBER=31537">ISO/IEC 13818</a> - MPEG-2 at the ISO Store</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111206012523/http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/mpeg_books.php">MPEG</a> - A list of MPEG reference books</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atsc.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/a_54a_with_corr_1.pdf">Recommended Practice: Guide to the Use of the ATSC Digital Television Standard, including Corrigendum No. 1</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:MPEG" title="Template:MPEG"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:MPEG" title="Template talk:MPEG"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:MPEG" title="Special:EditPage/Template:MPEG"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="MPEG_(Moving_Picture_Experts_Group)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Moving_Picture_Experts_Group" title="Moving Picture Experts Group">MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-size:115%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1" title="MPEG-1">MPEG-1</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-3" title="MPEG-3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4" title="MPEG-4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-7" title="MPEG-7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-21" title="MPEG-21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-A" title="MPEG-A">A</a></li> <li>B</li> <li>C</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-D" title="MPEG-D">D</a></li> <li>E</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-G" title="MPEG-G">G</a></li> <li>V</li> <li>M</li> <li>U</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-H" title="MPEG-H">H</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MPEG-I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MPEG-I (page does not exist)">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-5" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG-5">5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MPEG-1 Parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Part 1: Systems <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_program_stream" title="MPEG program stream">Program stream</a></li></ul></li> <li>Part 2: Video <ul><li>based on <a href="/wiki/H.261" title="H.261">H.261</a></li></ul></li> <li>Part 3: Audio <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1_Audio_Layer_I" title="MPEG-1 Audio Layer I">Layer I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1_Audio_Layer_II" title="MPEG-1 Audio Layer II">Layer II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP3" title="MP3">Layer III</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MPEG-2 Parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Part 1: Systems (H.222.0) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_transport_stream" title="MPEG transport stream">Transport stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_program_stream" title="MPEG program stream">Program stream</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.262/MPEG-2_Part_2" title="H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2">Part 2: Video (H.262)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2_Part_3" title="MPEG-2 Part 3">Part 3: Audio</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1_Audio_Layer_I" title="MPEG-1 Audio Layer I">Layer I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2_Audio_Layer_II" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG-2 Audio Layer II">Layer II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP3" title="MP3">Layer III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_Multichannel" title="MPEG Multichannel">MPEG Multichannel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DSM_CC" title="DSM CC">Part 6: DSM CC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="Advanced Audio Coding">Part 7: Advanced Audio Coding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MPEG-4 Parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_2" title="MPEG-4 Part 2">Part 2: Video</a> <ul><li>based on <a href="/wiki/H.263" title="H.263">H.263</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_3" title="MPEG-4 Part 3">Part 3: Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delivery_Multimedia_Integration_Framework" title="Delivery Multimedia Integration Framework">Part 6: DMIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Video_Coding" title="Advanced Video Coding">Part 10: Advanced Video Coding (H.264)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_11" title="MPEG-4 Part 11">Part 11: Scene description</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_base_media_file_format" title="ISO base media file format">Part 12: ISO base media file format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_14" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG-4 Part 14">Part 14: MP4 file format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_17" title="MPEG-4 Part 17">Part 17: Streaming text format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_20" title="MPEG-4 Part 20">Part 20: LASeR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Font_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Font Format">Part 22: Open Font Format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Video_Coding" title="Internet Video Coding">Part 33: Internet Video Coding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MPEG-7 Parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Description_Definition_Language" title="Description Definition Language">Part 2: Description definition language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MPEG-21 Parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Item" title="Digital Item">Parts 2, 3 and 9: Digital Item</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rights_Expression_Language" title="Rights Expression Language">Part 5: Rights Expression Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MPEG-D Parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_Surround" title="MPEG Surround">Part 1: MPEG Surround</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Speech_and_Audio_Coding" title="Unified Speech and Audio Coding">Part 3: Unified Speech and Audio Coding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MPEG-G Parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-G" title="MPEG-G">Part 1: Transport and Storage of Genomic Information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-G" title="MPEG-G">Part 2: Coding of Genomic Information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-G" title="MPEG-G">Part 3: APIs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-G" title="MPEG-G">Part 4: Reference Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-G" title="MPEG-G">Part 5: Conformance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MPEG-H Parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_media_transport" title="MPEG media transport">Part 1: MPEG media transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding" title="High Efficiency Video Coding">Part 2: High Efficiency Video Coding (H.265)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-H_3D_Audio" title="MPEG-H 3D Audio">Part 3: MPEG-H 3D Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Image_File_Format" title="High Efficiency Image File Format">Part 12: High Efficiency Image File Format</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MPEG-I Parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Video_Coding" title="Versatile Video Coding">Part 3: Versatile Video Coding (H.266)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MPEG-5 Parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Essential_Video_Coding" title="Essential Video Coding">Part 1: Essential Video Coding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LCEVC" title="LCEVC">Part 2: Low Complexity Enhancement Video Coding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Adaptive_Streaming_over_HTTP" title="Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP">MPEG-DASH</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Multimedia_compression_and_container_formats" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Compression_formats" title="Template:Compression formats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Compression_formats" title="Template talk:Compression formats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Compression_formats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Compression formats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Multimedia_compression_and_container_formats" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Multimedia" title="Multimedia">Multimedia</a> <a href="/wiki/Data_compression" title="Data compression">compression</a> and <a href="/wiki/Container_format_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Container format (computing)">container</a> formats</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Video_coding_format" title="Video coding format">Video<br />compression</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a>, <br /><a href="/wiki/Moving_Picture_Experts_Group" title="Moving Picture Experts Group">MPEG</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DV_(video_format)" title="DV (video format)">DV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_JPEG" title="Motion JPEG">MJPEG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_JPEG_2000" title="Motion JPEG 2000">Motion JPEG 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1" title="MPEG-1">MPEG-1</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">MPEG-2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H.262/MPEG-2_Part_2" title="H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2">Part 2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4" title="MPEG-4">MPEG-4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_2" title="MPEG-4 Part 2">Part 2 / ASP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.264/MPEG-4_AVC" class="mw-redirect" title="H.264/MPEG-4 AVC">Part 10 / AVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_IVC" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG-4 IVC">Part 33 / IVC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-H" title="MPEG-H">MPEG-H</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding" title="High Efficiency Video Coding">Part 2 / HEVC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MPEG-I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MPEG-I (page does not exist)">MPEG-I</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Video_Coding" title="Versatile Video Coding">Part 3 / VVC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-5" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG-5">MPEG-5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Essential_Video_Coding" title="Essential Video Coding">Part 1 / EVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LCEVC" title="LCEVC">Part 2 / LCEVC</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/ITU-T" title="ITU-T">ITU-T</a>, <a href="/wiki/Video_Coding_Experts_Group" title="Video Coding Experts Group">VCEG</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H.120" title="H.120">H.120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.261" title="H.261">H.261</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.262/MPEG-2_Part_2" title="H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2">H.262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.263" title="H.263">H.263</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Video_Coding" title="Advanced Video Coding">H.264 / AVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding" title="High Efficiency Video Coding">H.265 / HEVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Video_Coding" title="Versatile Video Coding">H.266 / VVC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Motion_Picture_and_Television_Engineers" title="Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers">SMPTE</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VC-1" title="VC-1">VC-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirac_(video_compression_format)" title="Dirac (video compression format)">VC-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avid_DNxHD" title="Avid DNxHD">VC-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CineForm" title="CineForm">VC-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VC-6" title="VC-6">VC-6</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/On2_Technologies" title="On2 Technologies">TrueMotion</a> and AOMedia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/On2_Technologies#TrueMotion_S" title="On2 Technologies">TrueMotion S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP3" title="VP3">VP3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP6" title="VP6">VP6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP7" class="mw-redirect" title="VP7">VP7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP8" title="VP8">VP8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP9" title="VP9">VP9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AV1" title="AV1">AV1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Chinese Standard</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#First_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS1 P2/AVS+</a>(GB/T 20090.2/16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#Second_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS2 P2</a>(GB/T 33475.2,GY/T 299.1) <ul><li>HDR Vivid(GY/T 358)</li></ul></li> <li>AVS3 P2(GY/T 368)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Video" title="Apple Video">Apple Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bink_Video" title="Bink Video">Bink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinepak" title="Cinepak">Cinepak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daala" title="Daala">Daala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Video_Interactive" title="Digital Video Interactive">DVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FFV1" title="FFV1">FFV1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huffyuv" title="Huffyuv">Huffyuv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indeo" title="Indeo">Indeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagarith" title="Lagarith">Lagarith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Video_1" title="Microsoft Video 1">Microsoft Video 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSU_Lossless_Video_Codec" title="MSU Lossless Video Codec">MSU Lossless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OMS_Video" title="OMS Video">OMS Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixlet" title="Pixlet">Pixlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_ProRes" title="Apple ProRes">ProRes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ProRes_422" class="mw-redirect" title="ProRes 422">422</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProRes_4444" class="mw-redirect" title="ProRes 4444">4444</a></li></ul></li> <li>QuickTime <ul><li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime_Animation" title="QuickTime Animation">Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime_Graphics" title="QuickTime Graphics">Graphics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RealVideo" title="RealVideo">RealVideo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTVideo" title="RTVideo">RTVideo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SheerVideo" title="SheerVideo">SheerVideo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smacker_video" title="Smacker video">Smacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorenson_Media" title="Sorenson Media">Sorenson Video/Spark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theora" title="Theora">Theora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_(video_codec)" title="Thor (video codec)">Thor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ut_Video_Codec_Suite" title="Ut Video Codec Suite">Ut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Video" title="Windows Media Video">WMV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RatDVD" title="RatDVD">XEB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YULS" title="YULS">YULS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Audio_coding_format" title="Audio coding format">Audio<br />compression</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a>,<br /> <a href="/wiki/Moving_Picture_Experts_Group" title="Moving Picture Experts Group">MPEG</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1_Audio_Layer_II" title="MPEG-1 Audio Layer II">MPEG-1 Layer II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_Multichannel" title="MPEG Multichannel">Multichannel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1_Audio_Layer_I" title="MPEG-1 Audio Layer I">MPEG-1 Layer I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP3" title="MP3">MPEG-1 Layer III (MP3)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="Advanced Audio Coding">AAC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High-Efficiency_Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="High-Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding">HE-AAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AAC-LD" title="AAC-LD">AAC-LD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_Surround" title="MPEG Surround">MPEG Surround</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Lossless_Coding" title="Audio Lossless Coding">MPEG-4 ALS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_SLS" title="MPEG-4 SLS">MPEG-4 SLS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Audio_CD#DST" title="Super Audio CD">MPEG-4 DST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonic_Vector_Excitation_Coding" title="Harmonic Vector Excitation Coding">MPEG-4 HVXC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code-excited_linear_prediction" title="Code-excited linear prediction">MPEG-4 CELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Speech_and_Audio_Coding" title="Unified Speech and Audio Coding">MPEG-D USAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-H_3D_Audio" title="MPEG-H 3D Audio">MPEG-H 3D Audio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/ITU-T" title="ITU-T">ITU-T</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G.711" title="G.711">G.711</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-law_algorithm" title="A-law algorithm">A-law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C-law_algorithm" title="Μ-law algorithm">µ-law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.718" title="G.718">G.718</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.719" title="G.719">G.719</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.722" title="G.722">G.722</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.722.1" title="G.722.1">G.722.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_Multi-Rate_Wideband" title="Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband">G.722.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.723" title="G.723">G.723</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.723.1" title="G.723.1">G.723.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.726" title="G.726">G.726</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.728" title="G.728">G.728</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.729" title="G.729">G.729</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.729.1" title="G.729.1">G.729.1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opus_(audio_format)" title="Opus (audio format)">Opus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Low_Bitrate_Codec" title="Internet Low Bitrate Codec">iLBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speex" title="Speex">Speex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vorbis" title="Vorbis">Vorbis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FLAC" title="FLAC">FLAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/3GPP" title="3GPP">3GPP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_Multi-Rate_audio_codec" title="Adaptive Multi-Rate audio codec">AMR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_Multi-Rate_Wideband" title="Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband">AMR-WB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Adaptive_Multi-Rate_%E2%80%93_Wideband" title="Extended Adaptive Multi-Rate – Wideband">AMR-WB+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Variable_Rate_Codec" title="Enhanced Variable Rate Codec">EVRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Variable_Rate_Codec_B" title="Enhanced Variable Rate Codec B">EVRC-B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Voice_Services" title="Enhanced Voice Services">EVS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_Rate" title="Half Rate">GSM-HR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_Rate" title="Full Rate">GSM-FR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_full_rate" title="Enhanced full rate">GSM-EFR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/ETSI" class="mw-redirect" title="ETSI">ETSI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital">AC-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_AC-4" title="Dolby AC-4">AC-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DTS_(sound_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="DTS (sound system)">DTS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Bluetooth_Special_Interest_Group" title="Bluetooth Special Interest Group">Bluetooth SIG</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SBC_(codec)" title="SBC (codec)">SBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LC3_(codec)" title="LC3 (codec)">LC3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Chinese Standard</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#First_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS1 P10</a>(GB/T 20090.10)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#Second_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS2 P3</a>(GB/T 33475.3) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Audio_Vivid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Audio Vivid (page does not exist)">Audio Vivid</a>(GY/T 363)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Resolution_Adaptation" title="Dynamic Resolution Adaptation">DRA</a>(GB/T 22726)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L2HC" title="L2HC">L2HC</a></li> <li>ExAC(SJ/T 11299.4)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algebraic_code-excited_linear_prediction" title="Algebraic code-excited linear prediction">ACELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Lossless_Audio_Codec" title="Apple Lossless Audio Codec">ALAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asao_(codec)" title="Asao (codec)">Asao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_Transform_Acoustic_Coding" class="mw-redirect" title="Adaptive Transform Acoustic Coding">ATRAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CELT" title="CELT">CELT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codec_2" title="Codec 2">Codec 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Speech_Audio_Codec" title="Internet Speech Audio Codec">iSAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyra_(codec)" title="Lyra (codec)">Lyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed-excitation_linear_prediction" title="Mixed-excitation linear prediction">MELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkey%27s_Audio" title="Monkey's Audio">Monkey's Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MT9" title="MT9">MT9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musepack" title="Musepack">Musepack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OptimFROG" title="OptimFROG">OptimFROG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_Sound_Quality" title="Original Sound Quality">OSQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualcomm_code-excited_linear_prediction" title="Qualcomm code-excited linear prediction">QCELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relaxed_code-excited_linear_prediction" title="Relaxed code-excited linear prediction">RCELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RealAudio" title="RealAudio">RealAudio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTAudio" title="RTAudio">RTAudio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avid_Audio#Sound_Designer_file_formats" title="Avid Audio">SD2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shorten_file_format" class="mw-redirect" title="Shorten file format">SHN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SILK" title="SILK">SILK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siren_(codec)" title="Siren (codec)">Siren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selectable_Mode_Vocoder" title="Selectable Mode Vocoder">SMV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SVOPC" title="SVOPC">SVOPC</a></li> <li>TTA <ul><li>True Audio</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TwinVQ" title="TwinVQ">TwinVQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable-Rate_Multimode_Wideband" title="Variable-Rate Multimode Wideband">VMR-WB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vector_sum_excited_linear_prediction" title="Vector sum excited linear prediction">VSELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WavPack" title="WavPack">WavPack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio" title="Windows Media Audio">WMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Quality_Authenticated" title="Master Quality Authenticated">MQA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AptX" title="AptX">aptX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AptX#aptX_HD" title="AptX">aptX HD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AptX#aptX_Low_Latency" title="AptX">aptX Low Latency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AptX#aptX_Adaptive" title="AptX">aptX Adaptive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LDAC_(codec)" title="LDAC (codec)">LDAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LHDC_(codec)" title="LHDC (codec)">LHDC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LHDC_(codec)#LLAC" title="LHDC (codec)">LLAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Image_compression" title="Image compression">Image<br />compression</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</a>, <br /><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</a>, <a href="/wiki/ITU-T" title="ITU-T">ITU-T</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joint_Photographic_Experts_Group" title="Joint Photographic Experts Group">JPEG</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Group_4_compression" title="Group 4 compression">CCITT Group 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIF" title="GIF">GIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Image_File_Format#HEIC:_HEVC_in_HEIF" title="High Efficiency Image File Format">HEIC / HEIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding#Main_Still_Picture" title="High Efficiency Video Coding">HEVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG" title="JBIG">JBIG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG2" title="JBIG2">JBIG2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG" title="JPEG">JPEG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_2000" title="JPEG 2000">JPEG 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG-LS" class="mw-redirect" title="JPEG-LS">JPEG-LS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XL" title="JPEG XL">JPEG XL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XR" title="JPEG XR">JPEG XR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XS" title="JPEG XS">JPEG XS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XT" title="JPEG XT">JPEG XT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portable_Network_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Network Graphics">PNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIFF" title="TIFF">TIFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIFF/EP" title="TIFF/EP">TIFF/EP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIFF/IT" class="mw-redirect" title="TIFF/IT">TIFF/IT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/APNG" title="APNG">APNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AV1" title="AV1">AV1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AVIF" title="AVIF">AVIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Better_Portable_Graphics" title="Better Portable Graphics">BPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DjVu" title="DjVu">DjVu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenEXR" title="OpenEXR">EXR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Lossless_Image_Format" title="Free Lossless Image Format">FLIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICER_(file_format)" title="ICER (file format)">ICER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple-image_Network_Graphics" title="Multiple-image Network Graphics">MNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Graphics_File" title="Progressive Graphics File">PGF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QOI_(image_format)" title="QOI (image format)">QOI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime_VR" title="QuickTime VR">QTVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_Application_Protocol_Bitmap_Format" title="Wireless Application Protocol Bitmap Format">WBMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebP" title="WebP">WebP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_container_format" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital container format">Containers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_elementary_stream" title="MPEG elementary stream">MPEG-ES</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Packetized_elementary_stream" title="Packetized elementary stream">MPEG-PES</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_program_stream" title="MPEG program stream">MPEG-PS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_transport_stream" title="MPEG transport stream">MPEG-TS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_base_media_file_format" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC base media file format">ISO/IEC base media file format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_14" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG-4 Part 14">MPEG-4 Part 14</a> (MP4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_JPEG_2000" title="Motion JPEG 2000">Motion JPEG 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-21" title="MPEG-21">MPEG-21 Part 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_media_transport" title="MPEG media transport">MPEG media transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/ITU-T" title="ITU-T">ITU-T</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Systems">H.222.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_JPEG_2000" title="Motion JPEG 2000">T.802</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Real-time_Transport_Protocol" title="Real-time Transport Protocol">RTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogg" title="Ogg">Ogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matroska" title="Matroska">Matroska</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Motion_Picture_and_Television_Engineers" title="Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers">SMPTE</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Exchange_Format" title="General Exchange Format">GXF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Material_Exchange_Format" title="Material Exchange Format">MXF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3GP_and_3G2" title="3GP and 3G2">3GP and 3G2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMV_video_format" title="AMV video format">AMV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Systems_Format" title="Advanced Systems Format">ASF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Interchange_File_Format" title="Audio Interchange File Format">AIFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Interleave" title="Audio Video Interleave">AVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Au_file_format" title="Au file format">AU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Better_Portable_Graphics" title="Better Portable Graphics">BPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bink_Video" title="Bink Video">Bink</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smacker_video" title="Smacker video">Smacker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMP_file_format" title="BMP file format">BMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DivX#DivX_Media_Format_(DMF)" title="DivX">DivX Media Format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_VOB" title="Enhanced VOB">EVO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_Video" title="Flash Video">Flash Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Image_File_Format" title="High Efficiency Image File Format">HEIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interchange_File_Format" title="Interchange File Format">IFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.m2ts" title=".m2ts">M2TS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matroska" title="Matroska">Matroska</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WebM" title="WebM">WebM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime_File_Format" title="QuickTime File Format">QuickTime File Format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RatDVD" title="RatDVD">RatDVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RealMedia" title="RealMedia">RealMedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_Interchange_File_Format" title="Resource Interchange File Format">RIFF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WAV" title="WAV">WAV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOD_and_TOD" title="MOD and TOD">MOD and TOD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VOB" title="VOB">VOB, IFO and BUP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Collaborations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NETVC" title="NETVC">NETVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_LA" title="MPEG LA">MPEG LA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Open_Media" title="Alliance for Open Media">Alliance for Open Media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Data_compression" title="Data compression">Methods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Entropy_encoding" class="mw-redirect" title="Entropy encoding">Entropy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arithmetic_coding" title="Arithmetic coding">Arithmetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huffman_coding" title="Huffman coding">Huffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modified_Huffman_coding" title="Modified Huffman coding">Modified</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_predictive_coding" title="Linear predictive coding">LPC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algebraic_code-excited_linear_prediction" title="Algebraic code-excited linear prediction">ACELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code-excited_linear_prediction" title="Code-excited linear prediction">CELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_spectral_pairs" title="Line spectral pairs">LSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warped_linear_predictive_coding" title="Warped linear predictive coding">WLPC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lossless_compression" title="Lossless compression">Lossless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lossy_compression" title="Lossy compression">Lossy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LZ77_and_LZ78" title="LZ77 and LZ78">LZ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DEFLATE" class="mw-redirect" title="DEFLATE">DEFLATE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lempel%E2%80%93Ziv%E2%80%93Welch" title="Lempel–Ziv–Welch">LZW</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulse-code_modulation" title="Pulse-code modulation">PCM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-law_algorithm" title="A-law algorithm">A-law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C-law_algorithm" title="Μ-law algorithm">µ-law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_differential_pulse-code_modulation" title="Adaptive differential pulse-code modulation">ADPCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Differential_pulse-code_modulation" title="Differential pulse-code modulation">DPCM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transform_coding" title="Transform coding">Transforms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrete_cosine_transform" title="Discrete cosine transform">DCT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_Fourier_transform" title="Fast Fourier transform">FFT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modified_discrete_cosine_transform" title="Modified discrete cosine transform">MDCT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wavelet" title="Wavelet">Wavelet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daubechies_wavelet" title="Daubechies wavelet">Daubechies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrete_wavelet_transform" title="Discrete wavelet transform">DWT</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_audio_coding_formats" title="Comparison of audio coding formats">Comparison of audio coding formats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_video_codecs" title="Comparison of video codecs">Comparison of video codecs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_codecs" title="List of codecs">List of codecs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See <a href="/wiki/Template:Compression_methods" title="Template:Compression methods">Compression methods</a> for techniques and <a href="/wiki/Template:Compression_software" title="Template:Compression software">Compression software</a> for codecs</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="High-definition_(HD)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:High-definition" title="Template:High-definition"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:High-definition" title="Template talk:High-definition"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:High-definition" title="Special:EditPage/Template:High-definition"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="High-definition_(HD)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">High-definition (HD)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">High-definition television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_video" title="High-definition video">High-definition video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-definition_television" title="Ultra-high-definition television">Ultra-high-definition television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Resolutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/720p" title="720p">720p (HD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1080i" title="1080i">1080i (Full HD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1080p" title="1080p">1080p (Full HD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1440p" title="1440p">1440p (Quad HD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4K_resolution" title="4K resolution">2160p (4K Ultra HD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8K_resolution" title="8K resolution">4320p (8K Ultra HD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16K_resolution" title="16K resolution">8640p (16K Ultra HD)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Analog_high-definition_television_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Analog high-definition television system">Analog broadcast</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(All defunct)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analog_high-definition_television_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Analog high-definition television system">819 line system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiplexed_Analogue_Components" title="Multiplexed Analogue Components">HD MAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_sub-Nyquist_sampling_encoding" title="Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding">MUSE (Hi-Vision)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Digital broadcast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATSC_standards" title="ATSC standards">ATSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Terrestrial_Multimedia_Broadcast" title="Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast">DMB-T/H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Video_Broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Video Broadcasting">DVB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISDB" title="ISDB">ISDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISDB-T_International" title="ISDB-T International">SBTVD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Audio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital">Dolby Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surround_sound" title="Surround sound">Surround sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Stream_Digital" title="Direct Stream Digital">DSD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_eXtreme_Definition" title="Digital eXtreme Definition">DXD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DTS_(sound_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="DTS (sound system)">DTS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Filming and storage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Cinema_Initiatives" title="Digital Cinema Initiatives">DCI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDV" title="HDV">HDV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/High-definition_pre-recorded_media_and_compression" title="High-definition pre-recorded media and compression">HD media and<br />compression</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archival_Disc" title="Archival Disc">Archival Disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AV1" title="AV1">AV1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Blue_High-definition_Disc" title="China Blue High-definition Disc">CBHD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-VHS" title="D-VHS">D-VHS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD-Audio" title="DVD-Audio">DVD-Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Video_Coding" title="Advanced Video Coding">H.264</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding" title="High Efficiency Video Coding">H.265</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Video_Coding" title="Versatile Video Coding">H.266</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_DVD" title="HD DVD">HD DVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Multilayer_Disc" title="Versatile Multilayer Disc">HD VMD</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">MPEG-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laserdisc#MUSE_LD" class="mw-redirect" title="Laserdisc">MUSE LaserDisc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiview_Video_Coding" title="Multiview Video Coding">MVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Audio_CD" title="Super Audio CD">Super Audio CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_HD_Blu-ray" title="Ultra HD Blu-ray">Ultra HD Blu-ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncompressed_video" title="Uncompressed video">Uncompressed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VC-1" title="VC-1">VC-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W-VHS" title="W-VHS">W-VHS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Connectors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Component_video" title="Component video">Component</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DisplayPort" title="DisplayPort">DisplayPort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Visual_Interface" title="Digital Visual Interface">DVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDMI" title="HDMI">HDMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VGA_connector" title="VGA connector">VGA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deployments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_digital_television_deployments_by_country" title="List of digital television deployments by country">List of digital television deployments by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="IEC_standards" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_IEC_standards" title="Template:List of IEC standards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_IEC_standards" title="Template talk:List of IEC standards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_IEC_standards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of IEC standards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="IEC_standards" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_IEC_standards" title="List of IEC standards">IEC standards</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">IEC</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60027" title="IEC 60027">60027</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60034" title="IEC 60034">60034</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60038" title="IEC 60038">60038</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RKM_code" title="RKM code">60062</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E_series_of_preferred_numbers" title="E series of preferred numbers">60063</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60068" title="IEC 60068">60068</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_Tracking_Index" title="Comparative Tracking Index">60112</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60228" title="IEC 60228">60228</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60269" title="IEC 60269">60269</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19-inch_rack" title="19-inch rack">60297</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60309" title="IEC 60309">60309</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60320" title="IEC 60320">60320</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60364" title="IEC 60364">60364</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60446" title="IEC 60446">60446</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_754" title="IEEE 754">60559</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60601" title="IEC 60601">60601</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60870" title="IEC 60870">60870</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60870-5" title="IEC 60870-5">60870-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60870-6" title="IEC 60870-6">60870-6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60906-1" title="IEC 60906-1">60906-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_Disc_Digital_Audio" title="Compact Disc Digital Audio">60908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_60929" title="IEC 60929">60929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AES3" title="AES3">60958</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IEC_60980-344&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IEC 60980-344 (page does not exist)">60980-344</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61030" title="IEC 61030">61030</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61131" title="IEC 61131">61131</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61131-3" title="IEC 61131-3">61131-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IO-Link" title="IO-Link">61131-9</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieldbus" title="Fieldbus">61158</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61162" title="IEC 61162">61162</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61334" title="IEC 61334">61334</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61355" title="IEC 61355">61355</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61360" title="IEC 61360">61360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61400" title="IEC 61400">61400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61499" title="IEC 61499">61499</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61508" title="IEC 61508">61508</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61511" title="IEC 61511">61511</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieldbus" title="Fieldbus">61784</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61850" title="IEC 61850">61850</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61851" title="IEC 61851">61851</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61883" title="IEC 61883">61883</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battery_nomenclature" title="Battery nomenclature">61960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61968" title="IEC 61968">61968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_61970" title="IEC 61970">61970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IP-XACT" title="IP-XACT">62014-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieldbus" title="Fieldbus">62026</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62056" title="IEC 62056">62056</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62061" title="IEC 62061">62061</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62196" title="IEC 62196">62196</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EN_62262" title="EN 62262">62262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62264" title="IEC 62264">62264</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62304" title="IEC 62304">62304</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62325" title="IEC 62325">62325</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62351" title="IEC 62351">62351</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AES47" title="AES47">62365</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62366" title="IEC 62366">62366</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62379" title="IEC 62379">62379</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Addressable_Lighting_Interface" title="Digital Addressable Lighting Interface">62386</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62455" title="IEC 62455">62455</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USB" title="USB">62680</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62682" title="IEC 62682">62682</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_62700" title="IEC 62700">62700</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_63110" title="IEC 63110">63110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_63119" title="IEC 63119">63119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_63382" title="IEC 63382">63382</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ISO/IEC</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022" title="ISO/IEC 2022">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_4909" title="ISO/IEC 4909">4909</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_5218" title="ISO/IEC 5218">5218</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANSI_escape_code" title="ANSI escape code">6429</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_6523" title="ISO/IEC 6523">6523</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7810" title="ISO/IEC 7810">7810</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7811" title="ISO/IEC 7811">7811</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7812" title="ISO/IEC 7812">7812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7813" title="ISO/IEC 7813">7813</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7816" title="ISO/IEC 7816">7816</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphical_Kernel_System" title="Graphical Kernel System">7942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Document_Architecture" title="Open Document Architecture">8613</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Graphics_Metafile" title="Computer Graphics Metafile">8632</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8652" title="ISO/IEC 8652">8652</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">8859</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9126" title="ISO/IEC 9126">9126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Allocation_Table" title="File Allocation Table">9293</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHILL" title="CHILL">9496</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9529" title="ISO/IEC 9529">9529</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHIGS" title="PHIGS">9592</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHIGS" title="PHIGS">9593</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANSI_C" title="ANSI C">9899</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/POSIX" title="POSIX">9945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9995" title="ISO/IEC 9995">9995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10021" title="ISO/IEC 10021">10021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10116" title="ISO/IEC 10116">10116</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guidelines_for_the_Definition_of_Managed_Objects" title="Guidelines for the Definition of Managed Objects">10165</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Document_Style_Semantics_and_Specification_Language" title="Document Style Semantics and Specification Language">10179</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_BASIC" title="Full BASIC">10279</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Coded_Character_Set" title="Universal Coded Character Set">10646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10967" title="ISO/IEC 10967">10967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1" title="MPEG-1">11172</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11179" title="ISO/IEC 11179">11179</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11404" title="ISO/IEC 11404">11404</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG" title="JBIG">11544</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11801" title="ISO/IEC 11801">11801</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_12207" title="ISO/IEC 12207">12207</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topic_map" title="Topic map">13250</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Disk_Format" title="Universal Disk Format">13346</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MHEG-5" title="MHEG-5">13522-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_notation" title="Z notation">13568</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISLISP" title="ISLISP">13816</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">13818</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_14443" title="ISO/IEC 14443">14443</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4" title="MPEG-4">14496</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_14651" title="ISO/IEC 14651">14651</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">14882</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15288" title="ISO/IEC 15288">15288</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ada_Semantic_Interface_Specification" title="Ada Semantic Interface Specification">15291</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Criteria" title="Common Criteria">15408</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_2000" title="JPEG 2000">15444</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">15445</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15504" title="ISO/IEC 15504">15504</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Identifier_for_Libraries_and_Related_Organizations" title="International Standard Identifier for Libraries and Related Organizations">15511</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15693" title="ISO/IEC 15693">15693</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15897" title="ISO/IEC 15897">15897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-7" title="MPEG-7">15938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">16262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_raster_content" title="Mixed raster content">16485</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_17024" title="ISO/IEC 17024">17024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_17025" title="ISO/IEC 17025">17025</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QR_code" title="QR code">18004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_18014" title="ISO/IEC 18014">18014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XL" title="JPEG XL">18181</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19752" title="ISO/IEC 19752">19752</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RELAX_NG" title="RELAX NG">19757</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19770" title="ISO/IEC 19770">19770</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19788" title="ISO/IEC 19788">19788</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_20000" title="ISO/IEC 20000">20000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Data_Protocol" title="Open Data Protocol">20802</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-21" title="MPEG-21">21000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_21827" title="ISO/IEC 21827">21827</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">22275</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript_for_XML" title="ECMAScript for XML">22537</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-A" title="MPEG-A">23000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-D" title="MPEG-D">23003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-H" title="MPEG-H">23008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">23270</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_Standard_Base" title="Linux Standard Base">23360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Logic" title="Common Logic">24707</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_24727" title="ISO/IEC 24727">24727</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_24744" title="ISO/IEC 24744">24744</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Remote_Console" title="Universal Remote Console">24752</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenDocument" title="OpenDocument">26300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27000" title="ISO/IEC 27000">27000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27000-series" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 27000-series">27000-series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27002" title="ISO/IEC 27002">27002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27040" title="ISO/IEC 27040">27040</a></li> <li>29110</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_29119" title="ISO/IEC 29119">29119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_33001" title="ISO/IEC 33001">33001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_38500" title="ISO/IEC 38500">38500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graph_Query_Language" title="Graph Query Language">39075</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_42010" title="ISO/IEC 42010">42010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_80000" title="ISO/IEC 80000">80000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC_81346" title="IEC 81346">81346</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">International 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