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data-vrsproduct="svenska"><header class="yle__article__header"><div class="sc-ewMzwg taepJ"><a href="https://yle.fi/t/18-181368/sv" aria-label="Fler artiklar om ämnet Åboland" class="ydscr__sc-w5hh4y-0 bmUGWu sc-gjXmFk eZuwUz">Åboland</a><a href="https://yle.fi/t/18-213160/sv" aria-label="Fler artiklar om ämnet Djur" class="ydscr__sc-w5hh4y-0 ftZGBr sc-gjXmFk eZuwUz">Djur</a></div><h1 class="sc-hUAZgl asJKO yle__article__heading yle__article__heading--1">Skarvens påverkan på fisket varierar och lokalt kan den vara stor – men något större problem är skarven inte i Finland</h1><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-dslWvo hUYdmX cpEiOg yle__article__paragraph">Skarven ses som ett av hoten mot det finska fisket. Överlag verkar det inte vara så vanligt att skarven ger sig på fiskarnas ryssjor, men att den äter mycket abborre kan påverka.</p><figure class="sc-jcvEFQ gaAVHD yle__article__figure"><script type="application/ld+json">{"@id":"7-10059575","@context":"https://schema.org","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","description":"På ön Äijäkari i Åbo skärgård har skarvar häckat sedan år 2010.","copyrightHolder":"Mats Westerbom / Naturresursinstitutet Luke","url":"https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.5,c_fill,g_faces,h_511,w_767/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/39-1309608667d196f25a7c","keywords":"skarvar"}}</script><div class="sc-jIiDBi sc-lncAYT krYthw jGhOBf"><div class="sc-gtlvkJ ddgSYf"><div class="sc-jHswkR cEPfYZ"><picture><source data-testid="source-for-S" media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.5,c_fill,g_faces,h_511,w_767/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1719474680/39-1309608667d196f25a7c 2x,https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.5,c_fill,g_faces,h_511,w_767/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1719474680/39-1309608667d196f25a7c 1x"/><source data-testid="source-for-M" media="(min-width: 768px)" srcSet="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.5,c_fill,g_faces,h_424,w_636/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1719474680/39-1309608667d196f25a7c 2x,https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.5,c_fill,g_faces,h_424,w_636/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1719474680/39-1309608667d196f25a7c 1x"/><img alt="Skarvar fotograferade på ett skär i Åbo skärgård." src="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_3375,w_6000,x_0,y_377/ar_1.7777777777777777,c_fill,g_faces,h_431,w_767/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1719474680/39-1309608667d196f25a7c" class="sc-cSaEAk cdhOGu"/></picture></div><div class="sc-beKSRx hHCGQd"><button aria-disabled="false" class="ydscr__sc-17sr1bx-0 ydscr__sc-17sr1bx-2 hkXxLi eEigQy"><span class="ydscr__sc-17sr1bx-7 evfPYu yds-button__content">Öppna bildvisare</span></button></div></div></div><figcaption class="sc-fCSSOr kGprtX"><span>På ön Äijäkari i Åbo skärgård har skarvar häckat sedan år 2010.</span><span> Bild: Mats Westerbom / Naturresursinstitutet Luke</span></figcaption></figure><div class="sc-lertIE kTspkI"><ul aria-label="Gjord av" class="sc-cYoYeT kAbMlH"><li class="sc-lkbiLU fbQXTy"><a href="https://svenska.yle.fi/u/56-7-411" class="sc-dOUtaJ cKeQwY">Carmela Johansson</a></li></ul></div><div class="sc-bCCZMN ijFeZj"><div class="sc-ggPeai lantjH yle__article__date"><time class="sc-dmFEqP eNQWpc yle__article__date--published" dateTime="2024-07-31T09:39:26+03:00">31.7.2024 9:39</time></div></div><div class="sc-kXkCoi dDYHXD"><button data-testid="default-article-audio-placeholder" class="sc-HzvkS Okeff"><span aria-disabled="false" class="ydscr__sc-17sr1bx-0 ydscr__sc-17sr1bx-1 exIoZf huiFxY"><span class="ydscr__sc-17sr1bx-4 ydscr__sc-17sr1bx-6 fVOhsW kTNNhq yds-button__icon"><svg width="24" height="24" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.52 2.122a1 1 0 0 1 1.02.037l14 9a1 1 0 0 1 0 1.682l-14 9A1 1 0 0 1 5 21V3a1 1 0 0 1 .52-.878" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span></span><span class="sc-iPzZWv koWch">Lyssna (du hör en artificiell röst) 9:18</span></button><div aria-hidden="true" class="sc-dRRvfZ fcPqiN"><div data-testid="default-article-audio-player"></div></div><div class="sc-ZpFXC ikbtJF"></div></div></header><section class="yle__article__content"><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">Skarven bosätter sig allt längre in i den finländska skärgården. För fiskaren Börje Öhman i Nagu har skarvens flytt närmare större städer lett till att hans eget fiske påverkas mindre av skarven, men under sensommaren märker han av dem.</p><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">– Skarvarna bygger inte bon ute i havskanten för det finns inte mat där, så därför bygger de bon nära staden som i Nådendal till exempel. Men då de börjar flytta på sensommaren då patrullerar de i mina ryssjor så mycket de hinner, säger Öhman.</p><figure class="sc-jcvEFQ hSACyE yle__article__figure"><script type="application/ld+json">{"@id":"7-10059575","@context":"https://schema.org","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","description":"På sommaren säljer Börje Öhman och sambon Maria Carling fisk i Nagu gästhamn.","copyrightHolder":"Carmela Johansson / Yle","url":"https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.3333333333333333,c_fill,g_faces,h_575,w_767/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/39-1305650667295b1174f9","keywords":"Nagu"}}</script><div class="sc-jIiDBi sc-lncAYT krYthw cHyNlv"><div class="sc-gtlvkJ ddgSYf"><div class="sc-jHswkR cEPfYZ"><picture><source data-testid="source-for-S" media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.3333333333333333,c_fill,g_faces,h_575,w_767/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1718785548/39-1305650667295b1174f9 2x,https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.3333333333333333,c_fill,g_faces,h_575,w_767/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1718785548/39-1305650667295b1174f9 1x"/><source data-testid="source-for-M" media="(min-width: 768px)" srcSet="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.3333333333333333,c_fill,g_faces,h_477,w_636/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1718785548/39-1305650667295b1174f9 2x,https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.3333333333333333,c_fill,g_faces,h_477,w_636/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1718785548/39-1305650667295b1174f9 1x"/><img alt="Fiskaren Börje Öhman packar rökt forell i nagu gästhamn." src="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_2268,w_4032,x_0,y_188/ar_1.7777777777777777,c_fill,g_faces,h_431,w_767/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1718785548/39-1305650667295b1174f9" loading="lazy" class="sc-cSaEAk cdhOGu"/></picture></div><div class="sc-beKSRx hHCGQd"><button aria-disabled="false" class="ydscr__sc-17sr1bx-0 ydscr__sc-17sr1bx-2 hkXxLi eEigQy"><span class="ydscr__sc-17sr1bx-7 evfPYu yds-button__content">Öppna bildvisare</span></button></div></div></div><figcaption class="sc-fCSSOr kGprtX"><span>På sommaren säljer Börje Öhman och sambon Maria Carling fisk i Nagu gästhamn.</span><span> Bild: Carmela Johansson / Yle</span></figcaption></figure><h2 class="sc-flQbIK iMPmBE yle__article__heading yle__article__heading--2">Ersättningssystemet är inte rättvist</h2><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">Öhman konstaterar att det är svårt att veta exakt hur mycket fisk skarven verkligen tar från hans ryssjor.</p><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">– Det är svårt att säga hur mycket de äter. Men den fisk som de tar men inte äter, blir kluvna. De har en väldigt vass näbb. Om en sik har ett märke i mitten som ser ut som att den blivit skuren med kniv, då har skarven varit där och tappat fisken, säger Öhman.</p><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">Som yrkesfiskare har Öhman rätt att söka ersättning för skador som orsakas av säl och skarv. Att söka ersättning är lite byråkratiskt, men det går att få hjälp med ansökan av Åbolands fiskarförbund. Däremot är systemet för hur fiskare får ersättning inte helt rättvist.</p><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">– Den som har riktigt stora skarvproblem får kanske ingen fisk alls, men du måste komma över en gräns på 10 000 euro i det skattefria priset för att få ersättning. Ju mindre fisk du får, ju mindre stöd får du. Men får du mycket fisk och inte har haft någon skarv, då får du mera stöd. Det är lite bakvänt hela systemet, säger Öhman.</p><h2 class="sc-flQbIK iMPmBE yle__article__heading yle__article__heading--2">”Havet mår också dåligt, det syns”</h2><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">Men även om säl och skarv är en orsak till att antalet fiskar i havet minskat, är det inte den enda orsaken till att mängden fiskar minskar, konstaterar Öhman.</p><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">– Havet mår också dåligt, det syns. Om du tittar ner från bryggkanten ser du att havsbottnen är täckt av alger. Salthalten påverkar säkert också, torsken försvann säkert då det blev så dåligt med salt och också flundran fodrar lite större salthalt. Utfiskat blir det i alla fall inte för vi yrkesfiskare som håller på med småskaligt fiske är så få, att vi kan inte ta upp en hel stam längre, säger Öhman.</p><figure class="sc-jcvEFQ hSACyE yle__article__figure"><script type="application/ld+json">{"@id":"7-10059575","@context":"https://schema.org","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","description":"Arkivbild. Då havet mår dåligt minskar också mängden fisk, konstaterar Börje Öhman.","copyrightHolder":"Markku Ojala / AOP","url":"https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.5024734982332155,c_fill,g_faces,h_510,w_767/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/39-9621886294b19e5fd53","keywords":"cyanobakterier (blågrönalger),alger,Raumo,Bottenhavet"}}</script><div class="sc-jIiDBi sc-lncAYT krYthw lcDHxL"><div class="sc-gtlvkJ ddgSYf"><div class="sc-jHswkR cEPfYZ"><picture><source data-testid="source-for-S" media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.5024734982332155,c_fill,g_faces,h_510,w_767/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1656436202/39-9621886294b19e5fd53 2x,https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.5024734982332155,c_fill,g_faces,h_510,w_767/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1656436202/39-9621886294b19e5fd53 1x"/><source data-testid="source-for-M" media="(min-width: 768px)" srcSet="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.5024734982332155,c_fill,g_faces,h_423,w_636/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1656436202/39-9621886294b19e5fd53 2x,https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.5024734982332155,c_fill,g_faces,h_423,w_636/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1656436202/39-9621886294b19e5fd53 1x"/><img alt="Cyanobakterier i vattnet." src="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_2387,w_4245,x_6,y_0/ar_1.7777777777777777,c_fill,g_faces,h_431,w_767/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1656436202/39-9621886294b19e5fd53" loading="lazy" class="sc-cSaEAk cdhOGu"/></picture></div><div class="sc-beKSRx hHCGQd"><button aria-disabled="false" class="ydscr__sc-17sr1bx-0 ydscr__sc-17sr1bx-2 hkXxLi eEigQy"><span class="ydscr__sc-17sr1bx-7 evfPYu yds-button__content">Öppna bildvisare</span></button></div></div></div><figcaption class="sc-fCSSOr kGprtX"><span>Arkivbild. Då havet mår dåligt minskar också mängden fisk, konstaterar Börje Öhman.</span><span> Bild: Markku Ojala / AOP</span></figcaption></figure><h2 class="sc-flQbIK iMPmBE yle__article__heading yle__article__heading--2">”På fiskodlingar är gråhägern ett större problem än skarven”</h2><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">Men hur mycket påverkar då skarven på fisket? I Naturresursinstitutet Lukes projekt ”Direkta effekter av skarv på det kustnära yrkesfisket och fiskodlingar i Finland” har en del av skarvens effekter på fisket undersökts.</p><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">Projektet som inleddes i april 2022 är ett samarbete med Åbo universitet och Yrkeshögskolan Novia och genomfördes som ett beställningsarbete från Miljöministeriet.</p><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">– Direkta effekter betyder det som händer i själva odlingen eller ryssjan. Vi ser inte på de indirekta effekterna av konkurrensen mellan fiskare och skarv, säger projektledaren Mats Westerbom, som är specialforskare på Naturresursinstitutet Luke.</p><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">Undersökningen har gjorts med hjälp av videoinspelningar med övervakningskameror som fästs i eller i närheten av ryssjan eller fiskodlingen. Förutom skarvens påverkan utreddes också gråhägerns påverkan på fiskodlingar.</p><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">– På fiskodlingar verkar gråhägern vara ett större problem än skarven. Skarven kan göra skada om fiskodlingen inte har ett skyddande nät ovanför buren, då hittar den och kommer åt fisken i fiskodlingen. Men finns det nät på, skyddar det i regel effektivt mot skarv. Gråhägern är mer problematisk för den står på nätet och fiskar genom det, säger Westerbom.</p><figure class="sc-jcvEFQ hSACyE yle__article__figure"><script type="application/ld+json">{"@id":"7-10059575","@context":"https://schema.org","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","description":"Mats Westerbom berättar att forskningsprojektet tagits positivt emot av både yrkesfiskare och fiskodlare.","copyrightHolder":"Carmela Johansson / Yle","url":"https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.3333333333333333,c_fill,g_faces,h_575,w_767/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/39-1305671667297e2bb27d","keywords":"Åbo,Naturresursinstitutet"}}</script><div class="sc-jIiDBi sc-lncAYT krYthw cHyNlv"><div class="sc-gtlvkJ ddgSYf"><div class="sc-jHswkR cEPfYZ"><picture><source data-testid="source-for-S" media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.3333333333333333,c_fill,g_faces,h_575,w_767/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1718786099/39-1305671667297e2bb27d 2x,https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.3333333333333333,c_fill,g_faces,h_575,w_767/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1718786099/39-1305671667297e2bb27d 1x"/><source data-testid="source-for-M" media="(min-width: 768px)" srcSet="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.3333333333333333,c_fill,g_faces,h_477,w_636/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1718786099/39-1305671667297e2bb27d 2x,https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.3333333333333333,c_fill,g_faces,h_477,w_636/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1718786099/39-1305671667297e2bb27d 1x"/><img alt="Mats Westerbom från Naturresursinstitutet Luke." src="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_2268,w_4032,x_0,y_362/ar_1.7777777777777777,c_fill,g_faces,h_431,w_767/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1718786099/39-1305671667297e2bb27d" loading="lazy" class="sc-cSaEAk cdhOGu"/></picture></div><div class="sc-beKSRx hHCGQd"><button aria-disabled="false" class="ydscr__sc-17sr1bx-0 ydscr__sc-17sr1bx-2 hkXxLi eEigQy"><span class="ydscr__sc-17sr1bx-7 evfPYu yds-button__content">Öppna bildvisare</span></button></div></div></div><figcaption class="sc-fCSSOr kGprtX"><span>Mats Westerbom berättar att forskningsprojektet tagits positivt emot av både yrkesfiskare och fiskodlare.</span><span> Bild: Carmela Johansson / Yle</span></figcaption></figure><h2 class="sc-flQbIK iMPmBE yle__article__heading yle__article__heading--2">”Överlag har skarven en liten direkt effekt på fisket, men lokalt kan den vara stor”</h2><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">Överlag verkar det vara så att odlingar som har problem med skarv inte har problem med gråhäger och tvärtom, konstaterar Westerbom. När det gäller yrkesfiskarnas ryssjor märktes liknande resultat.</p><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">– I öppna ryssjor, utan skyddade tak, kan skarven göra stor skada. Men på de ryssjor som är täckta och är på bottnen visar forskningen att skadorna är marginella. Överlag har skarven en liten direkt effekt på fisket, men lokalt kan effekten vara större. I områden där det finns stora skarvkolonier kan jag tänka mig att effekten kan vara märkbar, säger Westerbom.</p><figure class="sc-jcvEFQ hSACyE yle__article__figure"><script type="application/ld+json">{"@id":"7-10059575","@context":"https://schema.org","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","description":"Arkivbild. Olika ryssjor drabbas olika av skarven.","copyrightHolder":"Yle/Pontus Nyqvist","url":"https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.5,c_fill,g_faces,h_511,w_767/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/39-4976225b4495aa80258","keywords":"Viborgsholmen (ö i Lovisa),fiskare,fiske,Lovisa,ryssja"}}</script><div class="sc-jIiDBi sc-lncAYT krYthw jGhOBf"><div class="sc-gtlvkJ ddgSYf"><div class="sc-jHswkR cEPfYZ"><picture><source data-testid="source-for-S" media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.5,c_fill,g_faces,h_511,w_767/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1531221523/39-4976225b4495aa80258 2x,https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.5,c_fill,g_faces,h_511,w_767/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1531221523/39-4976225b4495aa80258 1x"/><source data-testid="source-for-M" media="(min-width: 768px)" srcSet="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.5,c_fill,g_faces,h_424,w_636/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1531221523/39-4976225b4495aa80258 2x,https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.5,c_fill,g_faces,h_424,w_636/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1531221523/39-4976225b4495aa80258 1x"/><img alt="Mikael Lindholm tar upp ryssjan för att kolla fiskfångsten." src="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_3375,w_6000,x_0,y_309/ar_1.7777777777777777,c_fill,g_faces,h_431,w_767/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1531221523/39-4976225b4495aa80258" loading="lazy" class="sc-cSaEAk cdhOGu"/></picture></div><div class="sc-beKSRx hHCGQd"><button aria-disabled="false" class="ydscr__sc-17sr1bx-0 ydscr__sc-17sr1bx-2 hkXxLi eEigQy"><span class="ydscr__sc-17sr1bx-7 evfPYu yds-button__content">Öppna bildvisare</span></button></div></div></div><figcaption class="sc-fCSSOr kGprtX"><span>Arkivbild. Olika ryssjor drabbas olika av skarven.</span><span> Bild: Yle/Pontus Nyqvist</span></figcaption></figure><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">Naturresursinstitutet har även samlat in data längs hela den finländska kusten där de undersökt hur mycket bitmärken av skarv som finns på den fisk som hittats i yrkesfiskarnas ryssjor. Även de skadorna är marginella, under en procent av den fångade fisken hade bitmärken efter skarv.</p><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">Projektet har tagits positivt emot både av fiskare och fiskodlare och samarbetet har fungerat bra.</p><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">– Inte är det för dem heller riktigt klart vad som faktiskt händer i odlingen och i ryssjan. Ett område kan ha mycket skarv, utan att det har någon större effekt eller så kan det finnas mindre skarv, men skarven kan ändå ha en större effekt på själva ryssjan eller odlingen, säger Westerbom.</p><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">Inom projektet gjordes också ett test på vilken inverkan skarven har på fiske med nät, men eftersom fisknät kan vara långa och därmed svåra att övervaka med kamera, går det inte att dra några större slutsatser av ett enkelt test.</p><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">Men även om skarven inte direkt påverkar fiskodlingar och ryssjor, påverkar de förstås hur mycket fisk det finns i vattnet i närheten av skarvkolonier. En skarv äter närmare ett halvt kilo fisk per dag och fisken kan också självmant söka sig bort från områden som har mycket skarv.</p><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">– Skarven äter den fisk som finns och det varierar vad den fångar. Den äter mycket abborre och det är kanske det största problemet i det kustnära fisket, säger Westerbom.</p><h2 class="sc-flQbIK iMPmBE yle__article__heading yle__article__heading--2">”Det finns plats för skarven i Finland också”</h2><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">Westerbom tycker att skarven ger ett mervärde i den finländska naturen, men han förstår också att skarven väcker irritation och att stora skarvkolonier ses som ett problem.</p><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">På öar med skarvkolonier dör träden efter ett tag och undersökningar visar att näringsbelastningen i vattnet intill en skarvkoloni är sämre än i andra områden. Men även om skarvens spillning påverkar träden negativt, så har den också en positiv påverkan på en del växter och fjärilsarter.</p><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">– Vi har tusentals öar i Finland och skarvar häckar på 52 kolonier. Min egen åsikt är att det finns plats för skarven i den finländska skärgården och den har inte en stor effekt på helheten. Då skarven flyttar på sig så har det också en positiv effekt på fjärilar och andra arter, de får mycket näring från de öar som skarven har häckat på, säger Westerbom.</p><figure class="sc-jcvEFQ hSACyE yle__article__figure"><script type="application/ld+json">{"@id":"7-10059575","@context":"https://schema.org","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","description":"I Finland finns 52 skarvkolonier, men fördelat på tusentals öar är det inte mycket.","copyrightHolder":"Nina Bergman/Yle","url":"https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/ar_1.7782500885582713,c_fill,g_faces,h_431,w_767/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/39-6838375ed602ebf069f","keywords":"storskarv,vattenfåglar,fåglar,skarvar (släkte)"}}</script><div class="sc-jIiDBi sc-lncAYT krYthw BfwwP"><div class="sc-gtlvkJ ddgSYf"><div class="sc-jHswkR cEPfYZ"><picture><source data-testid="source-for-S" media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_2824,w_5020,x_0,y_0/ar_1.7782500885582713,c_fill,g_faces,h_431,w_767/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1591084325/39-6838375ed602ebf069f 2x,https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_2824,w_5020,x_0,y_0/ar_1.7782500885582713,c_fill,g_faces,h_431,w_767/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1591084325/39-6838375ed602ebf069f 1x"/><source data-testid="source-for-M" media="(min-width: 768px)" srcSet="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_2824,w_5020,x_0,y_0/ar_1.7782500885582713,c_fill,g_faces,h_357,w_636/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1591084325/39-6838375ed602ebf069f 2x,https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_2824,w_5020,x_0,y_0/ar_1.7782500885582713,c_fill,g_faces,h_357,w_636/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1591084325/39-6838375ed602ebf069f 1x"/><img alt="En flock med fem mörka stora fåglar sitter på en klippa." src="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_2824,w_5020,x_0,y_0/ar_1.7777777777777777,c_fill,g_faces,h_431,w_767/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1591084325/39-6838375ed602ebf069f" loading="lazy" class="sc-cSaEAk cdhOGu"/></picture></div><div class="sc-beKSRx hHCGQd"><button aria-disabled="false" class="ydscr__sc-17sr1bx-0 ydscr__sc-17sr1bx-2 hkXxLi eEigQy"><span class="ydscr__sc-17sr1bx-7 evfPYu yds-button__content">Öppna bildvisare</span></button></div></div></div><figcaption class="sc-fCSSOr kGprtX"><span>I Finland finns 52 skarvkolonier, men fördelat på tusentals öar är det inte mycket.</span><span> Bild: Nina Bergman/Yle</span></figcaption></figure><h2 class="sc-flQbIK iMPmBE yle__article__heading yle__article__heading--2">”Det verkliga problemet är att Östersjöns möjligheter att producera fisk försämrats”</h2><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">Även om skarven och sälen påverkar fisket är övergödningen i Östersjön ändå ett större problem.</p><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">– Det handlar inte så mycket skarv och säl utan det handlar mer om att Östersjön mår dåligt och att Östersjöns möjligheter att producera fisk är mycket sämre nu än vad det var förut. Vi borde rikta blicken mer på de frågor som berör Östersjöns tillstånd, fiskarnas lekmiljö och att minska näringsbelastningen, säger Westerbom.</p><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph"><em class="sc-bWxZAa fQuqXk yle__article__emphasis">Under sommaren granskar Yle Åboland gråsälens och skarvens påverkan på fisket i Skärgårdshavet. Granskningen består av en serie på sex delar, varav de tre första delarna fokuserar på sälen och de tre senare på skarven. Det här är den femte delen.</em></p><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph"><em class="sc-bWxZAa fQuqXk yle__article__emphasis">Du hittar de andra delarna i serien här:</em></p><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">Del 1 <a class="sc-irDnDc bAHixw yle__article__link" href="https://svenska.yle.fi/a/7-10059219" role="link">Sälen är det största problemet för fisket i Åboland: ”Sälen brukar ligga och lurpassa vid öppningen till mina ryssjor”</a></p><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">Del 2 <a class="sc-irDnDc bAHixw yle__article__link" href="https://svenska.yle.fi/a/7-10059368" role="link">Säljakt kan minska på antalet gråsälar – men jakten är utmanande och kräver specialkunskap</a></p><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">Del 3 <a class="sc-irDnDc bAHixw yle__article__link" href="https://svenska.yle.fi/a/7-10059507" role="link">Övergödningen är den största orsaken till att fisken minskat i Östersjön – men säljakten är även en känslomässig fråga</a></p><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">Del 4 <a class="sc-irDnDc bAHixw yle__article__link" href="https://svenska.yle.fi/a/7-10059733" role="link">Skarvkolonin på Högen ökar inte längre: ”Kolonin finns på ett kritiskt område där bland annat abborre och gös leker”</a></p><p class="sc-ktvNQe sc-WwxRR hUYdmX eUVjgm yle__article__paragraph">Del 6 <a class="sc-irDnDc bAHixw yle__article__link" href="https://svenska.yle.fi/a/7-10059658" role="link">Regeringen vill underlätta processen att ingripa vid skarvproblem: ”I dag är </a></p></section><footer class="yle__article__footer"><div class="sc-ejHFSJ dThUXz"></div><h2 class="sc-iwcoAb kxKcux">Mer om ämnet: Paketet innehåller 5 länkar</h2><h2 class="sc-gQJZgv fSSIlI yle__article__heading yle__article__heading--3" aria-hidden="true">Mer om ämnet</h2><div class="yle__article__links" role="list" aria-label="Mer om ämnet"><div role="listitem" class="sc-cUkrys cUaBKR"><div class="sc-ROZ gtDjCK"><div class="sc-gLyBZa zYYNc"><div class="sc-eFAVCh ldGXag"><div class="sc-dtiPAi ifUdfR"><a href="https://yle.fi/t/18-213160/sv" aria-label="Fler artiklar om ämnet Djur" class="ydscr__sc-w5hh4y-0 ftZGBr sc-gjXmFk eZuwUz">Djur</a></div><h3 class="sc-bJgkWg fUXAcZ"><a href="https://svenska.yle.fi/a/7-10059733" class="sc-gpDAgj bqJzjZ">Skarvkolonin på Högen ökar inte längre: ”Kolonin finns på ett kritiskt område där bland annat abborre och gös leker”</a></h3><time class="sc-ezeoWd cuJOAJ">2024</time></div></div><div class="sc-dRpcpH cLenyZ"><div class="sc-gwagMn hzSqmX"><div class="sc-jHswkR cEPfYZ"><picture><source data-testid="source-for-S" media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_4000,w_4000,x_1207,y_0/ar_1.0,c_fill,g_faces,h_104,w_104/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1720607293/39-1316470668e620705714 2x,https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_4000,w_4000,x_1207,y_0/ar_1.0,c_fill,g_faces,h_104,w_104/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1720607293/39-1316470668e620705714 1x"/><source data-testid="source-for-M" media="(min-width: 768px)" srcSet="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_3375,w_6000,x_0,y_335/ar_1.7777777777777777,c_fill,g_faces,h_110,w_196/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1720607293/39-1316470668e620705714 2x,https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_3375,w_6000,x_0,y_335/ar_1.7777777777777777,c_fill,g_faces,h_110,w_196/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1720607293/39-1316470668e620705714 1x"/><img alt="Övergivna skarvbon på ön Tjuven i Pargas." src="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_3375,w_6000,x_0,y_335/ar_1.7777777777777777,c_fill,g_faces,h_110,w_196/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1720607293/39-1316470668e620705714" class="sc-cSaEAk cdhOGu"/></picture></div></div></div></div></div><div aria-hidden="true" class="sc-keRagD gSHcNq"><hr class="sc-gkCgsS hxgUHg"/></div><div role="listitem" class="sc-cUkrys cUaBKR"><div class="sc-ROZ gtDjCK"><div class="sc-gLyBZa zYYNc"><div class="sc-eFAVCh ldGXag"><div class="sc-dtiPAi ifUdfR"><a href="https://yle.fi/t/18-213160/sv" aria-label="Fler artiklar om ämnet Djur" class="ydscr__sc-w5hh4y-0 ftZGBr sc-gjXmFk eZuwUz">Djur</a></div><h3 class="sc-bJgkWg fUXAcZ"><a href="https://yle.fi/a/7-10059219" class="sc-gpDAgj bqJzjZ">Sälen är det största problemet för fisket i Åboland: ”Sälen brukar ligga och lurpassa vid öppningen till mina ryssjor”</a></h3><time class="sc-ezeoWd cuJOAJ">2024</time></div></div><div class="sc-dRpcpH cLenyZ"><div class="sc-gwagMn hzSqmX"><div class="sc-jHswkR cEPfYZ"><picture><source data-testid="source-for-S" media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_3309,w_3309,x_310,y_0/ar_1.0,c_fill,g_faces,h_104,w_104/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1719245647/39-130817066799b0214248 2x,https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_3309,w_3309,x_310,y_0/ar_1.0,c_fill,g_faces,h_104,w_104/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1719245647/39-130817066799b0214248 1x"/><source data-testid="source-for-M" media="(min-width: 768px)" srcSet="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_2791,w_4963,x_0,y_258/ar_1.7777777777777777,c_fill,g_faces,h_110,w_196/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1719245647/39-130817066799b0214248 2x,https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_2791,w_4963,x_0,y_258/ar_1.7777777777777777,c_fill,g_faces,h_110,w_196/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1719245647/39-130817066799b0214248 1x"/><img alt="En fiskare som röker lax i en stor rökugn." src="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_2791,w_4963,x_0,y_258/ar_1.7777777777777777,c_fill,g_faces,h_110,w_196/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1719245647/39-130817066799b0214248" class="sc-cSaEAk cdhOGu"/></picture></div></div></div></div></div><div aria-hidden="true" class="sc-keRagD gSHcNq"><hr class="sc-gkCgsS hxgUHg"/></div><div role="listitem" class="sc-cUkrys cUaBKR"><div class="sc-ROZ gtDjCK"><div class="sc-gLyBZa zYYNc"><div class="sc-eFAVCh ldGXag"><div class="sc-dtiPAi ifUdfR"><a href="https://yle.fi/t/18-213160/sv" aria-label="Fler artiklar om ämnet Djur" class="ydscr__sc-w5hh4y-0 ftZGBr sc-gjXmFk eZuwUz">Djur</a></div><h3 class="sc-bJgkWg fUXAcZ"><a href="https://yle.fi/a/7-10059507" class="sc-gpDAgj bqJzjZ">Övergödningen är den största orsaken till att fisken minskat i Östersjön – men säljakten är även en känslomässig fråga</a></h3><time class="sc-ezeoWd cuJOAJ">2024</time></div></div><div class="sc-dRpcpH cLenyZ"><div class="sc-gwagMn hzSqmX"><div class="sc-jHswkR cEPfYZ"><picture><source data-testid="source-for-S" media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_2690,w_2690,x_1279,y_0/ar_1.0,c_fill,g_faces,h_104,w_104/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1719217764/39-130785566792e079cbf8 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2x,https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_4000,w_4000,x_931,y_0/ar_1.0,c_fill,g_faces,h_104,w_104/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1719906530/39-13124336683b09fd94af 1x"/><source data-testid="source-for-M" media="(min-width: 768px)" srcSet="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_3375,w_6000,x_0,y_375/ar_1.7777777777777777,c_fill,g_faces,h_110,w_196/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1719906530/39-13124336683b09fd94af 2x,https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_3375,w_6000,x_0,y_375/ar_1.7777777777777777,c_fill,g_faces,h_110,w_196/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1719906530/39-13124336683b09fd94af 1x"/><img alt="En man som tar ut köttet från en skjuten säl." src="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_3375,w_6000,x_0,y_375/ar_1.7777777777777777,c_fill,g_faces,h_110,w_196/dpr_1.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1719906530/39-13124336683b09fd94af" class="sc-cSaEAk cdhOGu"/></picture></div></div></div></div></div><div aria-hidden="true" class="sc-keRagD gSHcNq"><hr class="sc-gkCgsS hxgUHg"/></div><div role="listitem" class="sc-cUkrys cUaBKR"><div class="sc-ROZ gtDjCK"><div class="sc-gLyBZa zYYNc"><div class="sc-eFAVCh ldGXag"><div class="sc-dtiPAi ifUdfR"><a href="https://yle.fi/t/18-213160/sv" aria-label="Fler artiklar om ämnet Djur" class="ydscr__sc-w5hh4y-0 ftZGBr sc-gjXmFk eZuwUz">Djur</a></div><h3 class="sc-bJgkWg fUXAcZ"><a href="https://svenska.yle.fi/a/7-10059585" class="sc-gpDAgj bqJzjZ">Skarvarna minskar stadigt i Åbo skärgård – på Äijäkari har skarvparen minskat till under 300 på fem år</a></h3><time class="sc-ezeoWd cuJOAJ">2024</time></div></div><div class="sc-dRpcpH cLenyZ"><div class="sc-gwagMn hzSqmX"><div class="sc-jHswkR cEPfYZ"><picture><source data-testid="source-for-S" media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/c_crop,h_3456,w_3456,x_1152,y_0/ar_1.0,c_fill,g_faces,h_104,w_104/dpr_2.0/q_auto:eco/f_auto/fl_lossy/v1586425097/14-svyle-2909885756a69546599 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större problem är skarven inte i Finland"},"shortSummary":"”Det finns plats för skarven också i Finland.”","lead":"Skarven ses som ett av hoten mot det finska fisket. Överlag verkar det inte vara så vanligt att skarven ger sig på fiskarnas ryssjor, men att den äter mycket abborre kan påverka.","mainMedia":[{"aspect":1.5,"alt":"Skarvar fotograferade på ett skär i Åbo skärgård.","caption":"På ön Äijäkari i Åbo skärgård har skarvar häckat sedan år 2010.","source":"Mats Westerbom \u002F Naturresursinstitutet Luke","id":"39-1309608667d196f25a7c","type":"image","alts":[{"language":"swe","value":"Skarvar fotograferade på ett skär i Åbo skärgård."}],"blurhash":"LiKUvTMxogodJ=V@kCoe?wogRPWC","tags":[{"label":[{"language":"swe","value":"skarvar"}],"extId":"18-208355"}],"copyright":[{"language":"und","value":"Mats Westerbom \u002F Naturresursinstitutet Luke"}],"crops":[{"name":"16:9","aspect":1.78,"coordinates":{"x":0,"y":377,"width":6000,"height":3375}},{"name":"2:3","aspect":0.67,"coordinates":{"x":0,"y":0,"width":2666,"height":4000}},{"name":"1:1","aspect":1,"coordinates":{"x":645,"y":0,"width":4000,"height":4000}},{"name":"5:2","aspect":2.5,"coordinates":{"x":0,"y":322,"width":6000,"height":2400}}],"height":4000,"licence":{"id":"7","name":[{"language":"eng","value":"Single use license"},{"language":"fin","value":"Kertakäyttösopimus"},{"language":"swe","value":"Engångslicens"}],"properties":[]},"created":"2024-06-27T10:49:03+03:00","modified":"2024-06-27T10:51:24+03:00","version":"1719474680","width":6000,"recommendedFormat":"jpg"}],"authors":[{"image":{"aspect":1,"alt":"Kvinna framför blommor.","source":"Arash Matin \u002F Yle","id":"39-82141360c8cb9406b8d","type":"image","alts":[{"language":"swe","value":"Kvinna framför blommor."}],"blurhash":"LVJZ.D~BD%E3=_NxNHW9D,M_bCoh","tags":[{"label":[{"language":"swe","value":"personer"}],"extId":"18-207421"},{"label":[{"language":"swe","value":"carmela johansson"}],"extId":""}],"copyright":[{"language":"und","value":"Arash Matin \u002F Yle"}],"crops":[{"name":"16:9","aspect":1.78,"coordinates":{"x":0,"y":385,"width":5472,"height":3078}},{"name":"2:3","aspect":0.67,"coordinates":{"x":1864,"y":0,"width":2432,"height":3648}},{"name":"1:1","aspect":1,"coordinates":{"x":1488,"y":0,"width":3648,"height":3648}},{"name":"5:2","aspect":2.5,"coordinates":{"x":0,"y":616,"width":5472,"height":2189}}],"height":3648,"licence":{"id":"6","name":[{"language":"und","value":"Yle"}],"properties":[]},"created":"2021-06-15T18:47:32+03:00","modified":"2021-06-15T18:49:37+03:00","version":"1623772168","width":5472,"recommendedFormat":"jpg"},"organization":"Yle","name":"Carmela Johansson","id":"56-7-411","type":"Person"}],"datePublished":"2024-07-31T09:39:26+0300","dateContentModified":"2024-07-31T09:39:26+0300","dateJsonModified":"2024-08-07T09:19:10+0300","publisher":{"name":"svenska-nyheter"},"publication":"svenska.yle.fi","content":[{"level":1,"text":"Skarvens påverkan på fisket varierar och lokalt kan den vara stor – men något större problem är skarven inte i Finland","type":"heading"},{"aspect":1.5,"alt":"Skarvar fotograferade på ett skär i Åbo skärgård.","caption":"På ön Äijäkari i Åbo skärgård har skarvar häckat sedan år 2010.","source":"Mats Westerbom \u002F Naturresursinstitutet Luke","id":"39-1309608667d196f25a7c","type":"image","alts":[{"language":"swe","value":"Skarvar fotograferade på ett skär i Åbo skärgård."}],"blurhash":"LiKUvTMxogodJ=V@kCoe?wogRPWC","tags":[{"label":[{"language":"swe","value":"skarvar"}],"extId":"18-208355"}],"copyright":[{"language":"und","value":"Mats Westerbom \u002F Naturresursinstitutet Luke"}],"crops":[{"name":"16:9","aspect":1.78,"coordinates":{"x":0,"y":377,"width":6000,"height":3375}},{"name":"2:3","aspect":0.67,"coordinates":{"x":0,"y":0,"width":2666,"height":4000}},{"name":"1:1","aspect":1,"coordinates":{"x":645,"y":0,"width":4000,"height":4000}},{"name":"5:2","aspect":2.5,"coordinates":{"x":0,"y":322,"width":6000,"height":2400}}],"height":4000,"licence":{"id":"7","name":[{"language":"eng","value":"Single use license"},{"language":"fin","value":"Kertakäyttösopimus"},{"language":"swe","value":"Engångslicens"}],"properties":[]},"created":"2024-06-27T10:49:03+03:00","modified":"2024-06-27T10:51:24+03:00","version":"1719474680","width":6000,"recommendedFormat":"jpg"},{"text":"Skarven ses som ett av hoten mot det finska fisket. Överlag verkar det inte vara så vanligt att skarven ger sig på fiskarnas ryssjor, men att den äter mycket abborre kan påverka.","type":"text"},{"text":"Skarven bosätter sig allt längre in i den finländska skärgården. För fiskaren Börje Öhman i Nagu har skarvens flytt närmare större städer lett till att hans eget fiske påverkas mindre av skarven, men under sensommaren märker han av dem.","type":"text"},{"text":"– Skarvarna bygger inte bon ute i havskanten för det finns inte mat där, så därför bygger de bon nära staden som i Nådendal till exempel. Men då de börjar flytta på sensommaren då patrullerar de i mina ryssjor så mycket de hinner, säger Öhman.","type":"text"},{"displayStyle":"normal","aspect":1.3333333333333333,"alt":"Fiskaren Börje Öhman packar rökt forell i nagu gästhamn.","caption":"På sommaren säljer Börje Öhman och sambon Maria Carling fisk i Nagu gästhamn.","source":"Carmela Johansson \u002F Yle","id":"39-1305650667295b1174f9","type":"image","alts":[{"language":"swe","value":"Fiskaren Börje Öhman packar rökt forell i nagu gästhamn."}],"blurhash":"LBGum]acNYIA8wEO~qai%Lr;01%K","tags":[{"label":[{"language":"fin","value":"Nauvo"},{"language":"swe","value":"Nagu"}],"extId":"18-201527"}],"copyright":[{"language":"und","value":"Carmela Johansson \u002F Yle"}],"crops":[{"name":"16:9","aspect":1.78,"coordinates":{"x":0,"y":188,"width":4032,"height":2268}},{"name":"2:3","aspect":0.67,"coordinates":{"x":775,"y":0,"width":2016,"height":3024}},{"name":"1:1","aspect":1,"coordinates":{"x":454,"y":0,"width":3024,"height":3024}},{"name":"5:2","aspect":2.5,"coordinates":{"x":0,"y":203,"width":4027,"height":1611}}],"height":3024,"licence":{"id":"6","name":[{"language":"und","value":"Yle"}],"properties":[]},"created":"2024-06-19T11:24:17+03:00","modified":"2024-06-19T11:25:52+03:00","version":"1718785548","width":4032,"recommendedFormat":"jpg"},{"level":2,"text":"Ersättningssystemet är inte rättvist","type":"heading"},{"text":"Öhman konstaterar att det är svårt att veta exakt hur mycket fisk skarven verkligen tar från hans ryssjor.","type":"text"},{"text":"– Det är svårt att säga hur mycket de äter. Men den fisk som de tar men inte äter, blir kluvna. De har en väldigt vass näbb. Om en sik har ett märke i mitten som ser ut som att den blivit skuren med kniv, då har skarven varit där och tappat fisken, säger Öhman.","type":"text"},{"text":"Som yrkesfiskare har Öhman rätt att söka ersättning för skador som orsakas av säl och skarv. Att söka ersättning är lite byråkratiskt, men det går att få hjälp med ansökan av Åbolands fiskarförbund. Däremot är systemet för hur fiskare får ersättning inte helt rättvist.","type":"text"},{"text":"– Den som har riktigt stora skarvproblem får kanske ingen fisk alls, men du måste komma över en gräns på 10 000 euro i det skattefria priset för att få ersättning. Ju mindre fisk du får, ju mindre stöd får du. Men får du mycket fisk och inte har haft någon skarv, då får du mera stöd. Det är lite bakvänt hela systemet, säger Öhman.","type":"text"},{"level":2,"text":"”Havet mår också dåligt, det syns”","type":"heading"},{"text":"Men även om säl och skarv är en orsak till att antalet fiskar i havet minskat, är det inte den enda orsaken till att mängden fiskar minskar, konstaterar Öhman.","type":"text"},{"text":"– Havet mår också dåligt, det syns. Om du tittar ner från bryggkanten ser du att havsbottnen är täckt av alger. Salthalten påverkar säkert också, torsken försvann säkert då det blev så dåligt med salt och också flundran fodrar lite större salthalt. Utfiskat blir det i alla fall inte för vi yrkesfiskare som håller på med småskaligt fiske är så få, att vi kan inte ta upp en hel stam längre, säger Öhman.","type":"text"},{"displayStyle":"normal","aspect":1.5024734982332155,"alt":"Cyanobakterier i vattnet.","caption":"Arkivbild. Då havet mår dåligt minskar också mängden fisk, konstaterar Börje Öhman.","source":"Markku Ojala \u002F AOP","id":"39-9621886294b19e5fd53","type":"image","alts":[{"language":"fin","value":"Sinilevää vedessä."},{"language":"swe","value":"Cyanobakterier i vattnet."}],"blurhash":"LcHf3Q%LWAkB?wobRiWBD*RPRiWB","tags":[{"label":[{"language":"eng","value":"Cyanobacteria"},{"language":"fin","value":"sinilevät"},{"language":"swe","value":"cyanobakterier (blågrönalger)"}],"extId":"18-208252"},{"label":[{"language":"fin","value":"levät"},{"language":"swe","value":"alger"}],"extId":"18-204606"},{"label":[{"language":"fin","value":"Rauma"},{"language":"swe","value":"Raumo"}],"extId":"18-187619"},{"label":[{"language":"fin","value":"Selkämeri"},{"language":"swe","value":"Bottenhavet"}],"extId":"18-182247"}],"copyright":[{"language":"und","value":"Markku Ojala \u002F AOP"}],"crops":[{"name":"16:9","aspect":1.78,"coordinates":{"x":6,"y":0,"width":4245,"height":2387}},{"name":"2:3","aspect":0.67,"coordinates":{"x":1344,"y":0,"width":1886,"height":2830}},{"name":"1:1","aspect":1,"coordinates":{"x":0,"y":0,"width":2830,"height":2830}},{"name":"5:2","aspect":2.5,"coordinates":{"x":0,"y":1129,"width":4252,"height":1700}}],"height":2830,"licence":{"id":"5","name":[{"language":"und","value":"All Over Press"}],"properties":[]},"created":"2022-05-30T14:59:26+03:00","modified":"2022-06-28T20:10:11+03:00","version":"1656436202","width":4252,"recommendedFormat":"jpg"},{"level":2,"text":"”På fiskodlingar är gråhägern ett större problem än skarven”","type":"heading"},{"text":"Men hur mycket påverkar då skarven på fisket? I Naturresursinstitutet Lukes projekt ”Direkta effekter av skarv på det kustnära yrkesfisket och fiskodlingar i Finland” har en del av skarvens effekter på fisket undersökts.","type":"text"},{"text":"Projektet som inleddes i april 2022 är ett samarbete med Åbo universitet och Yrkeshögskolan Novia och genomfördes som ett beställningsarbete från Miljöministeriet.","type":"text"},{"text":"– Direkta effekter betyder det som händer i själva odlingen eller ryssjan. Vi ser inte på de indirekta effekterna av konkurrensen mellan fiskare och skarv, säger projektledaren Mats Westerbom, som är specialforskare på Naturresursinstitutet Luke.","type":"text"},{"text":"Undersökningen har gjorts med hjälp av videoinspelningar med övervakningskameror som fästs i eller i närheten av ryssjan eller fiskodlingen. Förutom skarvens påverkan utreddes också gråhägerns påverkan på fiskodlingar.","type":"text"},{"text":"– På fiskodlingar verkar gråhägern vara ett större problem än skarven. Skarven kan göra skada om fiskodlingen inte har ett skyddande nät ovanför buren, då hittar den och kommer åt fisken i fiskodlingen. Men finns det nät på, skyddar det i regel effektivt mot skarv. Gråhägern är mer problematisk för den står på nätet och fiskar genom det, säger Westerbom.","type":"text"},{"displayStyle":"normal","aspect":1.3333333333333333,"alt":"Mats Westerbom från Naturresursinstitutet Luke.","caption":"Mats Westerbom berättar att forskningsprojektet tagits positivt emot av både yrkesfiskare och fiskodlare.","source":"Carmela Johansson \u002F Yle","id":"39-1305671667297e2bb27d","type":"image","alts":[{"language":"swe","value":"Mats Westerbom från Naturresursinstitutet Luke."}],"blurhash":"LPHCcS9ExRbagNs#XAxw?dE0aKIW","tags":[{"label":[{"language":"eng","value":"Turku"},{"language":"fin","value":"Turku"},{"language":"swe","value":"Åbo"}],"extId":"18-176134"},{"label":[{"language":"fin","value":"Luonnonvarakeskus"},{"language":"swe","value":"Naturresursinstitutet"}],"extId":"18-161698"}],"copyright":[{"language":"und","value":"Carmela Johansson \u002F Yle"}],"crops":[{"name":"16:9","aspect":1.78,"coordinates":{"x":0,"y":362,"width":4032,"height":2268}},{"name":"2:3","aspect":0.67,"coordinates":{"x":800,"y":0,"width":2016,"height":3024}},{"name":"1:1","aspect":1,"coordinates":{"x":517,"y":0,"width":3024,"height":3024}},{"name":"5:2","aspect":2.5,"coordinates":{"x":0,"y":299,"width":4027,"height":1611}}],"height":3024,"licence":{"id":"6","name":[{"language":"und","value":"Yle"}],"properties":[]},"created":"2024-06-19T11:33:38+03:00","modified":"2024-06-19T11:35:03+03:00","version":"1718786099","width":4032,"recommendedFormat":"jpg"},{"level":2,"text":"”Överlag har skarven en liten direkt effekt på fisket, men lokalt kan den vara stor”","type":"heading"},{"text":"Överlag verkar det vara så att odlingar som har problem med skarv inte har problem med gråhäger och tvärtom, konstaterar Westerbom. När det gäller yrkesfiskarnas ryssjor märktes liknande resultat.","type":"text"},{"text":"– I öppna ryssjor, utan skyddade tak, kan skarven göra stor skada. Men på de ryssjor som är täckta och är på bottnen visar forskningen att skadorna är marginella. Överlag har skarven en liten direkt effekt på fisket, men lokalt kan effekten vara större. I områden där det finns stora skarvkolonier kan jag tänka mig att effekten kan vara märkbar, säger Westerbom.","type":"text"},{"displayStyle":"normal","aspect":1.5,"alt":"Mikael Lindholm tar upp ryssjan för att kolla fiskfångsten.","caption":"Arkivbild. Olika ryssjor drabbas olika av skarven.","source":"Yle\u002FPontus Nyqvist","id":"39-4976225b4495aa80258","type":"image","alts":[{"language":"swe","value":"Mikael Lindholm tar upp ryssjan för att kolla fiskfångsten."}],"blurhash":"LWLqhHo#.8WU~qRkaet7?cjsM{of","tags":[{"label":[{"language":"fin","value":"Viborgsholmen"},{"language":"swe","value":"Viborgsholmen (ö i Lovisa)"}],"extId":"18-281324"},{"label":[{"language":"eng","value":"Fisherman"},{"language":"fin","value":"kalastajat"},{"language":"swe","value":"fiskare"}],"extId":"18-216919"},{"label":[{"language":"fin","value":"kalastus"},{"language":"swe","value":"fiske"}],"extId":"18-211507"},{"label":[{"language":"eng","value":"Loviisa"},{"language":"fin","value":"Loviisa"},{"language":"swe","value":"Lovisa"}],"extId":"18-197226"},{"label":[{"language":"fin","value":"Rysä"},{"language":"swe","value":"ryssja"}],"extId":"18-153664"}],"copyright":[{"language":"und","value":"Yle\u002FPontus Nyqvist"}],"crops":[{"name":"16:9","aspect":1.78,"coordinates":{"x":0,"y":309,"width":6000,"height":3375}},{"name":"2:3","aspect":0.67,"coordinates":{"x":1763,"y":0,"width":2667,"height":4000}},{"name":"1:1","aspect":1,"coordinates":{"x":741,"y":0,"width":4000,"height":4000}},{"name":"5:2","aspect":2.5,"coordinates":{"x":0,"y":1425,"width":6000,"height":2400}}],"height":4000,"licence":{"id":"6","name":[{"language":"und","value":"Yle"}],"properties":[]},"created":"2018-07-10T14:16:58+03:00","modified":"2018-07-10T14:18:57+03:00","version":"1531221523","width":6000,"recommendedFormat":"jpg"},{"text":"Naturresursinstitutet har även samlat in data längs hela den finländska kusten där de undersökt hur mycket bitmärken av skarv som finns på den fisk som hittats i yrkesfiskarnas ryssjor. Även de skadorna är marginella, under en procent av den fångade fisken hade bitmärken efter skarv.","type":"text"},{"text":"Projektet har tagits positivt emot både av fiskare och fiskodlare och samarbetet har fungerat bra.","type":"text"},{"text":"– Inte är det för dem heller riktigt klart vad som faktiskt händer i odlingen och i ryssjan. Ett område kan ha mycket skarv, utan att det har någon större effekt eller så kan det finnas mindre skarv, men skarven kan ändå ha en större effekt på själva ryssjan eller odlingen, säger Westerbom.","type":"text"},{"text":"Inom projektet gjordes också ett test på vilken inverkan skarven har på fiske med nät, men eftersom fisknät kan vara långa och därmed svåra att övervaka med kamera, går det inte att dra några större slutsatser av ett enkelt test.","type":"text"},{"text":"Men även om skarven inte direkt påverkar fiskodlingar och ryssjor, påverkar de förstås hur mycket fisk det finns i vattnet i närheten av skarvkolonier. En skarv äter närmare ett halvt kilo fisk per dag och fisken kan också självmant söka sig bort från områden som har mycket skarv.","type":"text"},{"text":"– Skarven äter den fisk som finns och det varierar vad den fångar. Den äter mycket abborre och det är kanske det största problemet i det kustnära fisket, säger Westerbom.","type":"text"},{"level":2,"text":"”Det finns plats för skarven i Finland också”","type":"heading"},{"text":"Westerbom tycker att skarven ger ett mervärde i den finländska naturen, men han förstår också att skarven väcker irritation och att stora skarvkolonier ses som ett problem.","type":"text"},{"text":"På öar med skarvkolonier dör träden efter ett tag och undersökningar visar att näringsbelastningen i vattnet intill en skarvkoloni är sämre än i andra områden. Men även om skarvens spillning påverkar träden negativt, så har den också en positiv påverkan på en del växter och fjärilsarter.","type":"text"},{"text":"– Vi har tusentals öar i Finland och skarvar häckar på 52 kolonier. Min egen åsikt är att det finns plats för skarven i den finländska skärgården och den har inte en stor effekt på helheten. Då skarven flyttar på sig så har det också en positiv effekt på fjärilar och andra arter, de får mycket näring från de öar som skarven har häckat på, säger Westerbom.","type":"text"},{"displayStyle":"normal","aspect":1.7782500885582713,"alt":"En flock med fem mörka stora fåglar sitter på en klippa.","caption":"I Finland finns 52 skarvkolonier, men fördelat på tusentals öar är det inte mycket.","source":"Nina Bergman\u002FYle","id":"39-6838375ed602ebf069f","type":"image","alts":[{"language":"swe","value":"En flock med fem mörka stora fåglar sitter på en klippa."}],"blurhash":"L3Cs]t#h#5-p*K4;%jM~0058RMRk","tags":[{"label":[{"language":"eng","value":"Great cormorant"},{"language":"fin","value":"merimetso"},{"language":"swe","value":"storskarv"}],"extId":"18-315912"},{"label":[{"language":"fin","value":"vesilinnut"},{"language":"swe","value":"vattenfåglar"}],"extId":"18-205768"},{"label":[{"language":"fin","value":"linnut"},{"language":"swe","value":"fåglar"}],"extId":"18-208492"},{"label":[{"language":"eng","value":"Cormorants"},{"language":"fin","value":"merimetsot (suku)"},{"language":"swe","value":"skarvar (släkte)"}],"extId":"18-7008"}],"copyright":[{"language":"und","value":"Nina Bergman\u002FYle"}],"crops":[{"name":"16:9","aspect":1.78,"coordinates":{"x":0,"y":0,"width":5020,"height":2824}},{"name":"2:3","aspect":0.67,"coordinates":{"x":2981,"y":0,"width":1882,"height":2823}},{"name":"1:1","aspect":1,"coordinates":{"x":227,"y":0,"width":2823,"height":2823}},{"name":"5:2","aspect":2.5,"coordinates":{"x":0,"y":510,"width":5020,"height":2008}}],"height":2823,"licence":{"id":"6","name":[{"language":"und","value":"Yle"}],"properties":[]},"created":"2020-06-02T10:42:35+03:00","modified":"2020-06-02T10:52:10+03:00","version":"1591084325","width":5020,"recommendedFormat":"jpg"},{"level":2,"text":"”Det verkliga problemet är att Östersjöns möjligheter att producera fisk försämrats”","type":"heading"},{"text":"Även om skarven och sälen påverkar fisket är övergödningen i Östersjön ändå ett större problem.","type":"text"},{"text":"– Det handlar inte så mycket skarv och säl utan det handlar mer om att Östersjön mår dåligt och att Östersjöns möjligheter att producera fisk är mycket sämre nu än vad det var förut. Vi borde rikta blicken mer på de frågor som berör Östersjöns tillstånd, fiskarnas lekmiljö och att minska näringsbelastningen, säger Westerbom.","type":"text"},{"text":"*Under sommaren granskar Yle Åboland gråsälens och skarvens påverkan på fisket i Skärgårdshavet. Granskningen består av en serie på sex delar, varav de tre första delarna fokuserar på sälen och de tre senare på skarven. Det här är den femte delen.*","type":"text"},{"text":"*Du hittar de andra delarna i serien här:*","type":"text"},{"text":"Del 1 [Sälen är det största problemet för fisket i Åboland: ”Sälen brukar ligga och lurpassa vid öppningen till mina ryssjor”](https:\u002F\u002Fsvenska.yle.fi\u002Fa\u002F7-10059219)","type":"text"},{"text":"Del 2 [Säljakt kan minska på antalet gråsälar – men jakten är utmanande och kräver specialkunskap](https:\u002F\u002Fsvenska.yle.fi\u002Fa\u002F7-10059368)","type":"text"},{"text":"Del 3 [Övergödningen är den största orsaken till att fisken minskat i Östersjön – men säljakten är även en känslomässig fråga](https:\u002F\u002Fsvenska.yle.fi\u002Fa\u002F7-10059507)","type":"text"},{"text":"Del 4 [Skarvkolonin på Högen ökar inte längre: ”Kolonin finns på ett kritiskt område där bland annat abborre och gös leker”](https:\u002F\u002Fsvenska.yle.fi\u002Fa\u002F7-10059733)","type":"text"},{"text":"Del 6 [Regeringen vill underlätta processen att ingripa vid skarvproblem: ”I dag är ](https:\u002F\u002Fsvenska.yle.fi\u002Fa\u002F7-10059658)","type":"text"},{"type":"links","links":[{"external":{"url":"https:\u002F\u002Fsvenska.yle.fi\u002Fa\u002F7-10059733"},"internal":{"id":"7-10059733"},"title":"Skarvkolonin på Högen ökar inte längre: ”Kolonin finns på ett kritiskt område där bland annat abborre och gös leker”","datePublished":"2024-07-24T06:21:05+0300","subject":{"description":{"fi":"aitotumaiset; 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