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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Objectives and aims</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Objectives_and_aims-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Area_of_operation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Area_of_operation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Area of operation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Area_of_operation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leadership_and_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leadership_and_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Leadership and structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leadership_and_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Linkages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Controversies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">National Socialist Council of Nagaland</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 12 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF" title="المجلس الوطني الاشتراكي لناجالاند – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="المجلس الوطني الاشتراكي لناجالاند" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consell_Nacional_Socialista_de_Nagalim" title="Consell Nacional Socialista de Nagalim – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Consell Nacional Socialista de Nagalim" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Socialist_Council_of_Nagaland" title="National Socialist Council of Nagaland – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="National Socialist Council of Nagaland" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%AB_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="नेशनल सोशलिस्ट काउंसिल ऑफ नागालैंड – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नेशनल सोशलिस्ट काउंसिल ऑफ नागालैंड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewan_Sosialis_Nasional_Nagaland" title="Dewan Sosialis Nasional Nagaland – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dewan Sosialis Nasional Nagaland" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%89_%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF" title="المجلس الوطنى الاشتراكى لناجالاند – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="المجلس الوطنى الاشتراكى لناجالاند" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8A%E3%82%AC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E8%A9%95%E8%AD%B0%E4%BC%9A" title="ナガランド民族社会主義評議会 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ナガランド民族社会主義評議会" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conselho_Nacional_Socialista_de_Nagal%C3%A2ndia" title="Conselho Nacional Socialista de Nagalândia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Conselho Nacional Socialista de Nagalândia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Национальный социалистический совет Нагаленда – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Национальный социалистический совет Нагаленда" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Socialist_Council_of_Nagaland" title="National Socialist Council of Nagaland – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="National Socialist Council of Nagaland" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="สภาสังคมนิยมชาตินิยมแห่งนาคาแลนด์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สภาสังคมนิยมชาตินิยมแห่งนาคาแลนด์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%82%A3%E5%8A%A0%E5%85%B0%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="那加兰民族社会主义委员会 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="那加兰民族社会主义委员会" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3246849#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Naga separatist group of Northeast India</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #DEDFDE;">National Socialist Council of Nagaland</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Unofficial_flag_of_Nagaland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Unofficial_flag_of_Nagaland.svg/200px-Unofficial_flag_of_Nagaland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Unofficial_flag_of_Nagaland.svg/300px-Unofficial_flag_of_Nagaland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Unofficial_flag_of_Nagaland.svg/400px-Unofficial_flag_of_Nagaland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="378" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Flag of the National Socialist Council of Nagaland</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Isak_Chishi_Swu" title="Isak Chishi Swu">Isak Chishi Swu</a><br /><a href="/wiki/S._S._Khaplang" title="S. S. Khaplang">S. S. Khaplang</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Thuingaleng_Muivah" title="Thuingaleng Muivah">Thuingaleng Muivah</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Leader</th><td class="infobox-data agent">Thuingaleng Muivah</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Dates of operation</span></th><td class="infobox-data">31 January 1980<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1980-01-31</span>)</span> – present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_National_Liberation_Front_of_Western_South_East_Asia" title="United National Liberation Front of Western South East Asia">United National Liberation Front of Western South East Asia</a> (NSCN-K)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Group(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">NSCN-IM<br />NSCN-K<br />NSCN-KK<br />NSCN-U<br />NSCN-R</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data">Camp Hebron, <a href="/wiki/Peren_district" title="Peren district">Peren District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nagaland" title="Nagaland">Nagaland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Active regions</th><td class="infobox-data label"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nagaland" title="Nagaland">Nagaland</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagaing_Region" title="Sagaing Region">Sagaing Region</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Naga_nationalism" title="Naga nationalism">Naga nationalism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Christian_nationalism" title="Christian nationalism">Christian nationalism</a><sup id="cite_ref-Nagaland_for_Christ_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nagaland_for_Christ-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Telegraph_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism">Maoism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Separatism" title="Separatism">Separatism</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Far-left_politics" title="Far-left politics">Far-left</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Slogan</th><td class="infobox-data">Nagaland for Christ</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Size</th><td class="infobox-data">~5,000 (NSCN-IM)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Diplomat_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diplomat-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /><500 (NSCN-K)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />1,000+ (NSCN-U)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />~2,500 (NSCN-R)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allies</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a><sup id="cite_ref-Diplomat_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diplomat-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a><sup id="cite_ref-PAKNAGA_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PAKNAGA-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Zomi_Re-unification_Organisation.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zomi_Re-unification_Organisation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Zomi_Re-unification_Organisation.svg/35px-Flag_of_Zomi_Re-unification_Organisation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Zomi_Re-unification_Organisation.svg/45px-Flag_of_Zomi_Re-unification_Organisation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Zomi_Revolutionary_Army" title="Zomi Revolutionary Army">Zomi Revolutionary Army</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/South_Asian_Communist_Banner.svg/23px-South_Asian_Communist_Banner.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/South_Asian_Communist_Banner.svg/35px-South_Asian_Communist_Banner.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/South_Asian_Communist_Banner.svg/45px-South_Asian_Communist_Banner.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Naxalite_and_Maoist_groups_in_India" title="List of Naxalite and Maoist groups in India">Naxalite–Maoist groups</a><sup id="cite_ref-stratfor_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stratfor-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Opponents</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Indian Armed Forces">Indian Armed Forces</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paramilitary_forces_of_India" title="Paramilitary forces of India">paramilitary</a>, and police</li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Flag_of_the_Armed_Forces_%28Tatmadaw%29_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Armed_Forces_%28Tatmadaw%29_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Flag_of_the_Armed_Forces_%28Tatmadaw%29_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Armed_Forces_%28Tatmadaw%29_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Flag_of_the_Armed_Forces_%28Tatmadaw%29_of_Myanmar.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Armed_Forces_%28Tatmadaw%29_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3189" data-file-height="1772" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tatmadaw" title="Tatmadaw">Tatmadaw</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Flag_of_AQIS.jpg/23px-Flag_of_AQIS.jpg" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Flag_of_AQIS.jpg/35px-Flag_of_AQIS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Flag_of_AQIS.jpg/46px-Flag_of_AQIS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Al-Qaeda in the Indian subcontinent">AQIS</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles and wars</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Northeast_India" title="Insurgency in Northeast India">Insurgency in Northeast India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2015_Manipur_ambush" title="2015 Manipur ambush">2015 Manipur ambush</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_conflict_in_Nagaland" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic conflict in Nagaland">Ethnic conflict in Nagaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_conflict_in_Myanmar" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal conflict in Myanmar">Internal conflict in Myanmar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2015_Indian_counter-insurgency_operation_in_Myanmar" title="2015 Indian counter-insurgency operation in Myanmar">2015 Indian counter-insurgency operation in Myanmar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_designated_terrorist_groups" title="List of designated terrorist groups">Designated as a terrorist group</a> by</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>National Socialist Council of Nagaland</b> (<b>NSCN</b>) is a Naga militant and separatist group operating mainly in <a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">northeastern part of India</a>, with minor activities in northwest <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> (Burma).<sup id="cite_ref-Telegraph_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main aim of the organisation is allegedly to establish a sovereign Naga state, "Nagalim",<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which would consist of all the areas inhabited by <a href="/wiki/Naga_people" title="Naga people">Naga tribes</a> in Northeast India and northwest Myanmar.<sup id="cite_ref-Diplomat_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diplomat-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> India claims that <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> provide financial support and weaponry to the NSCN. Drug trafficking and extortion are believed to be other major sources of income for the NSCN.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>There are two major factions of the NSCN, <b>NSCN-K</b>, which was led by <a href="/wiki/S._S._Khaplang" title="S. S. Khaplang">S. S. Khaplang</a>, and <b>NSCN-IM</b>, which was led by <a href="/wiki/Isak_Chishi_Swu" title="Isak Chishi Swu">Isak Chishi Swu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thuingaleng_Muivah" title="Thuingaleng Muivah">Thuingaleng Muivah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jangkholam_2014_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jangkholam_2014-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Smaller factions comprise the rest of the NSCN. In 2015, in response to an <a href="/wiki/2015_Manipur_ambush" title="2015 Manipur ambush">attack on an army convoy in Manipur</a>, India designated the NSCN-K as a terrorist organization under the <a href="/wiki/Unlawful_Activities_(Prevention)_Act" title="Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act">Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> India's <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Home Affairs (India)">Ministry of Home Affairs</a> labels NSCN a major insurgent group.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Socialist_Council_of_Nagaland&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word "<a href="/wiki/Naga_people" title="Naga people">Naga</a>" is used as a collective term for several ethnic tribes living on the Himalayan Range in <a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">Northeast India</a>, which were brought under the control of <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a> during the 19th century. After India's independence, several Naga leaders tried to secede from India. In 1975, the separatist <a href="/wiki/Naga_National_Council" title="Naga National Council">Naga National Council</a> (NNC) renounced violence and signed the <a href="/wiki/Shillong_Accord_of_1975" title="Shillong Accord of 1975">Shillong Accord</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a>. Some of the NNC leaders disapproved of this peace treaty: these leaders included <a href="/wiki/Isak_Chishi_Swu" title="Isak Chishi Swu">Isak Chishi Swu</a> of the <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCmi_Naga" title="Sümi Naga">Sumi (Sema) tribe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thuingaleng_Muivah" title="Thuingaleng Muivah">Thuingaleng Muivah</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Tangkhul_people" title="Tangkhul people">Tangkhul tribe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/S._S._Khaplang" title="S. S. Khaplang">S. S. Khaplang</a>. These leaders broke off from the NNC and formed the National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN) as a new separatist organisation.<sup id="cite_ref-DegenhardtDay1983_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DegenhardtDay1983-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NSCN formed an underground Naga Federal Government having both civil and military wings. Later, a disagreement surfaced within the group's leaders over the issue of commencing dialogue with the Indian government. On 30 April 1988, the NSCN split into two factions; the NSCN-K led by Khaplang, and the NSCN-IM, led by Chishi Swu and Muivah. The split was accompanied by a spate of violence and clashes between the factions. In 1997, ceasefire agreements were made between the factions of the NSCN and India.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, NSCN-K abrogated the ceasefire agreement. </p><p>On 6 April 2015, a new faction of the NSCN was formed. Y. Wangtin Konyak and P. Tikhak officially announced the formation of a new Naga political group going by the name "National Socialist Council of Nagaland (Reformation)" or NSCN-R. The decision came after Konyak, a senior minister, or Kilonser, of the NSCN-K and a personal secretary to founder Khaplang was expelled from the group after disagreements over its ceasefire agreement. The NSCN-R, wanted to continue with the ceasefire maintaining that "violence has never served a good purpose and the Naga political problem can only be resolved through peace and negotiation" while Khaplang had it abrogated because the "14 years of ceasefire between NSCN-K and India has become a mockery and futile exercise." Opposed to militant activities, the primary agenda of the NSCN-R would be to "develop a sense of brotherhood among the Naga family and to rebuild the trust and faith among the Naga society." </p><p>On 3 August 2015, NSCN-IM leaders Isak Swu and T. Muivah signed a <a href="/wiki/Naga_Peace_Accord" title="Naga Peace Accord">framework agreement</a> for peace with the Government of India in the presence of Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a>, Home Minister Rajnath Singh, and National Security Advisor Ajit Doval.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also in 2015, NSCN-K became affiliated with a militia organization named the <a href="/wiki/United_Liberation_Front_of_Western_South_East_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="United Liberation Front of Western South East Asia">United Liberation Front of Western South East Asia</a> (UNLFW), a <a href="/wiki/United_front" title="United front">united front</a> of Northeast Indian militant groups,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CHINAAFRONT_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CHINAAFRONT-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and shortly after broke off peace talks with the Indian government. The UNLFW carried out the <a href="/wiki/2015_Manipur_ambush" title="2015 Manipur ambush">2015 Manipur ambush</a>, in which 18 Indian soldiers were killed and 15 were wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-AMBUSHZXZ_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AMBUSHZXZ-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Objectives_and_aims">Objectives and aims</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Socialist_Council_of_Nagaland&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Objectives and aims"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The founding objective of the NSCN was to establish a separate Naga State (Nagalim) by unifying all the Naga-inhabited areas in the North East of India and Northern Burma. Although, the Nagas are divided into various <a href="/wiki/List_of_Naga_ethnic_groups" title="List of Naga ethnic groups">ethnic groups</a> whose numbers and populations are unclear. They each speak distinct <a href="/wiki/List_of_Naga_languages" title="List of Naga languages">languages</a> often unintelligible to the others. Unification of all Naga tribes under one administration and the secession of Naga populated areas from India through militant means was listed as one of the main objectives of the organisation. In the organisation's manifesto it stated that it "stands for <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialism</a>." On political institution, it believes in "the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_democratic_dictatorship" title="People's democratic dictatorship">dictatorship of the people</a> through the National Socialist Council and the practice of democracy within the organisation".<sup id="cite_ref-ManifestoNSCN_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ManifestoNSCN-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The NSCN has been widely described as both a <a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism">Maoist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> group. Journalist <a href="/wiki/Bertil_Lintner" title="Bertil Lintner">Bertil Lintner</a> has described NSCN's ideology as "a mixture of <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Christianity">evangelical Christianity</a> and revolutionary socialism".<sup id="cite_ref-ASAShimray_2005_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASAShimray_2005-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the NSCN manifesto, their slogan is "Nagaland for Christ".<sup id="cite_ref-Nagaland_for_Christ_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nagaland_for_Christ-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in an interview with <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, a British public broadcaster, in 2005, when asked about the slogan "Nagaland for Christ" and if the Naga State will be a <a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">theocratic</a> state, group leader Thuingaleng Muviah clarified that there had been a misunderstanding and that the slogan was not a law but rather was an aspiration of the group as more than 95% of Naga people are converted Christians. Muviah stated, "[the] Naga State has to be secular, if it is not secular then we would be betraying ourselves."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>NSCN-IM, though it has signed a peace agreement with the Government of India, claims to uphold the founding objectives of the NSCM, with the integration of all the contiguous Naga areas under one administration being its prime goal.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NSCN-K continues to engage in militant insurgency with its goal being the separation of Naga populated areas from the Indian Union.<sup id="cite_ref-AMBUSHZXZ_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AMBUSHZXZ-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Area_of_operation">Area of operation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Socialist_Council_of_Nagaland&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Area of operation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The NSCN is active in <a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">northeastern part of India</a>, with the group having its strongest influence and presence in the state of <a href="/wiki/Nagaland" title="Nagaland">Nagaland</a> and the hill districts of <a href="/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a>. It additionally maintains presences in Nagaland's neighbouring states of <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Outside of India, the NSCN has operated in the Naga-inhabited regions of northern <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leadership_and_structure">Leadership and structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Socialist_Council_of_Nagaland&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Leadership and structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Isak_Chishi_Swu" title="Isak Chishi Swu">Isak Chishi Swu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thuingaleng_Muivah" title="Thuingaleng Muivah">Thuingaleng Muivah</a>, the founders of NSCN-IM, served as the inaugural Chairman and General Secretary of the group, respectively, and <a href="/wiki/S._S._Khaplang" title="S. S. Khaplang">S. S. Khaplang</a> served the Chairman of NSCN-K. In February 2019, Qhehezu Tuccu was unanimously elected as the Chairman of the NSCN-IM.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The post had been vacant since the death of Chishi Swu. At the same meeting, Tongmeth Wangnao was elected as the vice-chairman of the NSCN-IM.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Politically, the NSCN has divided its area of influence into 11 administrative regions based on sub-tribe considerations and administrative convenience. In many areas, it runs a parallel government in opposition to the recognized Indian government. There are four major NSCN Ministries – Defence, Home, Finance, and Foreign Affairs. Moreover, there are five other minor Ministries including Education, Information and Publicity, Forests and Minerals, Law and Justice, and Religious Affairs. The most prominent among the group's nine Ministries is its "Home Ministry", which it considers to be "a replacement of the Indian state machinery". The heads of 11 administrative regions report to the head of this Home Ministry, referred to by the group as the "Kilo Kilonser". The devolution of the administrative arms of the organisation goes down to the town and village levels. </p><p>The group has also established a <a href="/wiki/Government-in-exile" title="Government-in-exile">government-in-exile</a> called the Government of the People's Republic of Nagaland (GPRN), which interacts with formal and non-formal world bodies and media. The GPRN has sent emissaries abroad, mainly to countries that have unfriendly relations with India, to garner support and raise funds for their cause. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Linkages">Linkages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Socialist_Council_of_Nagaland&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Linkages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Over the years, the NSCN has developed extensive linkages both within and outside India. </p><p>The NSCN has patronised smaller militant groups in Northeast India, training the groups in warfare and intelligence methods and providing them with logistics for waging war against India. The group has connections to India's <a href="/wiki/List_of_Naxalite_and_Maoist_groups_in_India" title="List of Naxalite and Maoist groups in India">Naxalite–Maoist militant groups</a><sup id="cite_ref-stratfor_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stratfor-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is a member of the <a href="/wiki/United_Liberation_Front_of_Western_South_East_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="United Liberation Front of Western South East Asia">UNLFW</a> militant group <a href="/wiki/United_front" title="United front">united front</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CHINAAFRONT_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CHINAAFRONT-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The group has opened up contacts with international organizations like the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Council" title="United Nations Human Rights Council">United Nations Human Rights Council</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Working_Group_on_Indigenous_Populations" title="Working Group on Indigenous Populations">Working Group on Indigenous Populations</a>. It is additionally a member of the <a href="/wiki/Unrepresented_Nations_and_Peoples_Organization" title="Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization">Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization</a>. </p><p>It is alleged by the Indian government that <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> provide financial support and weaponry to the NSCN.<sup id="cite_ref-Diplomat_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diplomat-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PAKNAGA_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PAKNAGA-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Knowledge of China's role in the Naga insurgency was expanded after the 2019 arrest of NSCN-IM leader Anthony Shimray. After his arrest, Shimray alleged that he was tasked by Chinese intelligence agencies to gather intelligence on Indian troop deployments in northeastern India. On 7 July 2019, the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian Army</a> busted an NSCN spy camp in Kekru Naga village. An additional four camps were targeted by Indian security forces.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources_of_funding">Sources of funding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Socialist_Council_of_Nagaland&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sources of funding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Drug trafficking and extortion are believed to be major sources of income for the NSCN. The group retains 70% of the income it generates while the remaining 30% is distributed to smaller ethnic insurgent groups operating in NSCN areas.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The NSCN takes a 12% extortion from the government employees living in NSCN areas and collects a fixed house tax from local population. For shops and commercial establishments operating in NSCN areas, the extortion rate starts at a minimum of 5%.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Activities">Activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Socialist_Council_of_Nagaland&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/2015_Indian_counter-insurgency_operation_in_Myanmar" title="2015 Indian counter-insurgency operation in Myanmar">2015 Indian counter-insurgency operation in Myanmar</a> and <a href="/wiki/2015_Manipur_ambush" title="2015 Manipur ambush">2015 Manipur ambush</a></div> <p>On 4 June 2015, NSCN-K and <a href="/wiki/Kanglei_Yawol_Kanna_Lup" title="Kanglei Yawol Kanna Lup">Kanglei Yawol Kanna Lup</a> <a href="/wiki/2015_Manipur_ambush" title="2015 Manipur ambush">ambushed</a> an <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian Army</a> convoy, killing 18 soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 10 June, India claimed that, in response to the ambush, it had conducted strikes against NSCN-K camps inside <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>, and inflicted significant casualties.<sup id="cite_ref-hindu_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hindu-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indian media reported that around 38 militants belonging to NSCN-K were killed in the strikes.<sup id="cite_ref-zeenews.india.com_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zeenews.india.com-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> government, however, rejected Indian government claims. According to Myanmar government officials, the operation against NSCN insurgents took place entirely on the Indian side of the border and Indian troops did not cross into Myanmar.<sup id="cite_ref-MT_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MT-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DC_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DC-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NSCN-K also rejected India's claims. According to NSCN-K, Indian troops did not attack any camp belonging to NSCN-K and the group did not suffer any losses. NSCN-K also challenged the Indian Army to display the dead bodies of those killed during the operation.<sup id="cite_ref-et_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-et-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February and June 2019, the Indian Army and the Myanmar's <a href="/wiki/Tatmadaw" title="Tatmadaw">Tatmadaw</a> carried out joint operations <i>Sunrise</i> and <i>Sunrise II</i>, cooperating to target several militant groups along the Indo-Burma border including the <a href="/wiki/Kamtapur_Liberation_Organisation" title="Kamtapur Liberation Organisation">Kamtapur Liberation Organisation</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Liberation_Front_of_Asom" title="United Liberation Front of Asom">United Liberation Front of Assam (I)</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Front_of_Boroland" title="National Democratic Front of Boroland">National Democratic Front of Boroland</a>, and NSCN-K.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February, Burmese troops stormed the NSCN-K headquarters in Taga. The Indian Army reciprocated by starting a major operation against the <a href="/wiki/Arakan_Army" title="Arakan Army">Arakan Army</a> in south <a href="/wiki/Mizoram" title="Mizoram">Mizoram</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 21 May 2019, 11 people including the <a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Party_(India)" title="National People's Party (India)">National People's Party</a> member of the <a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly" title="Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly">Legislative Assembly</a> <a href="/wiki/Tirong_Aboh" title="Tirong Aboh">Tirong Aboh</a> and his son, were killed in an ambush by militants on Khonsa-Deomali road in <a href="/wiki/Tirap_district" title="Tirap district">Tirap District</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response to the ambush, the Indian Army launched various operations against the NSCN, which resulted in the confiscation of NSCN weapons and the detention of five suspected members of the group.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In mid-July 2019, NSCN-IM militants opposed the implementation of the Register of Indigenous Inhabitants of Nagaland (RIIN); the group alleges that the push to implement the RIIN is "contradictory" to the inherent rights of the Naga people.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Socialist_Council_of_Nagaland&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2015, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>, a British newspaper, claimed that the NSCN-K had previously been backed by India's intelligence agencies to divide other Naga separatist groups and weaken the Naga insurgency.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>NSCN-IM has been accused of killing innocent people, including Nagas, who speak against their aims or ideology. In September 2021, Athuan Abonmai, a <a href="/wiki/Zeliangrong" title="Zeliangrong">Zeliangrong</a> man from Grace Colony, was kidnapped and killed by NSCN-IM members.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Socialist_Council_of_Nagaland&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Northeast_India" title="Insurgency in Northeast India">Insurgency in Northeast India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separatist_movements_of_India" title="Separatist movements of India">Separatist movements of India</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Socialist_Council_of_Nagaland&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Nagaland_for_Christ-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nagaland_for_Christ_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nagaland_for_Christ_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://morungexpress.com/nagaland-for-christ/">"Nagaland for Christ"</a>. <i>The Morung Express</i>. 28 April 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180923160725/http://morungexpress.com/nagaland-for-christ/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Calcutta, India. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110218/jsp/frontpage/story_13599760.jsp">the original</a> on 19 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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The Diplomat. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210811202717/https://thediplomat.com/2011/03/is-china-backing-indian-insurgents/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Is+China+Backing+Indian+Insurgents%3F&rft.pub=The+Diplomat&rft.date=2011-03-22&rft.au=Lyle+Morris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthediplomat.com%2F2011%2F03%2F22%2Fis-china-backing-indian-insurgents%2F2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Socialist+Council+of+Nagaland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO22013" class="citation web cs1">O2 (6 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mmpeacemonitor.org/stakeholders/stakeholders-overview/165-nscn-k">"NSCN-K"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181007093524/http://mmpeacemonitor.org/stakeholders/stakeholders-overview/165-nscn-k">Archived</a> from the original on 7 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NSCN-K&rft.date=2013-06-06&rft.au=O2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmmpeacemonitor.org%2Fstakeholders%2Fstakeholders-overview%2F165-nscn-k&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Socialist+Council+of+Nagaland" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nenow.in/north-east-news/nagaland/nagaland-over-1000-new-recruits-in-nscn-u-this-year.html">"Nagaland: Over 1000 new recruits in NSCN-U this year"</a>. 21 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nagaland%3A+Over+1000+new+recruits+in+NSCN-U+this+year&rft.date=2019-11-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnenow.in%2Fnorth-east-news%2Fnagaland%2Fnagaland-over-1000-new-recruits-in-nscn-u-this-year.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Socialist+Council+of+Nagaland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deccanherald.com/india/nscn-reformation-cadres-threaten-join-2156561">"NSCN-Reformation cadres threaten to join anti-truce faction"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NSCN-Reformation+cadres+threaten+to+join+anti-truce+faction&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deccanherald.com%2Findia%2Fnscn-reformation-cadres-threaten-join-2156561&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Socialist+Council+of+Nagaland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PAKNAGA-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PAKNAGA_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PAKNAGA_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.satp.org/terrorist-profile/india-insurgencynortheast-nagaland/national-socialist-council-of-nagaland-isak-muivah-nscn-im">"National Socialist Council of Nagaland – Isak-Muivah (NSCN-IM)"</a>. <i>South Asia Intelligence Review</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2023</span>. <q>Pakistan's Inter Services Intelligence (ISI) now provides a large component of finance, arms and logistic support to the NSCN-IM.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+Asia+Intelligence+Review&rft.atitle=National+Socialist+Council+of+Nagaland+%E2%80%93+Isak-Muivah+%28NSCN-IM%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.satp.org%2Fterrorist-profile%2Findia-insurgencynortheast-nagaland%2Fnational-socialist-council-of-nagaland-isak-muivah-nscn-im&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Socialist+Council+of+Nagaland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stratfor-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stratfor_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stratfor_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/pakistan-and-naxalite-movement-india">"Pakistan and the Naxalite Movement in India"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Stratfor" title="Stratfor">Stratfor</a></i>. 18 November 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210301064851/https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/pakistan-and-naxalite-movement-india">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stratfor&rft.atitle=Pakistan+and+the+Naxalite+Movement+in+India&rft.date=2010-11-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldview.stratfor.com%2Farticle%2Fpakistan-and-naxalite-movement-india&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Socialist+Council+of+Nagaland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040820064239/http://www.hindu.com/2004/07/02/stories/2004070200951300.htm">"Police, NSCN militants exchange fire"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. Chennai, India. 2 July 2004. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Socialist+Council+of+Nagaland+%E2%80%93+Isak-Muivah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.satp.org%2Fsatporgtp%2Fcountries%2Findia%2Fstates%2Fnagaland%2Fterrorist_outfits%2FNSCN_IM.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Socialist+Council+of+Nagaland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jangkholam_2014-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jangkholam_2014_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJangkholam_Haokip2014" class="citation book cs1">Jangkholam Haokip (14 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y4MuDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA41"><i>Can God Save My Village?: A Theological Study of Identity among the Tribal People of North-East India with a Special Reference to the Kukis of Manipur</i></a>. Langham Monographs. pp. 41–42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78368-981-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78368-981-1"><bdi>978-1-78368-981-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210807131115/https://books.google.com/books?id=Y4MuDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA41">Archived</a> from the original on 7 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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New Delhi: Ministry of Home Affairs. p. 17. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180424135756/http://mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/anual_report_18082017.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 24 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2020</span> – via White Rose Research Online.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Peacekeeping&rft.atitle=Ceasefires+and+State+Order-Making+in+Naga+Northeast+India&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=496-525&rft.date=2020-09-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A224876474%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1353-3312&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13533312.2020.1821365&rft.aulast=Waterman&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%2F13533312.2020.1821365&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Socialist+Council+of+Nagaland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/government-signs-landmark-nagaland-peace-treaty-with-nscni-m-in-presence-of-pm-narendra-modi/articleshow/48332059.cms">"Government signs landmark Nagaland peace treaty with NSCN(I-M) in presence of PM Narendra Modi"</a>. <i>The Economic Times</i>. India. 3 August 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170822042254/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/government-signs-landmark-nagaland-peace-treaty-with-nscni-m-in-presence-of-pm-narendra-modi/articleshow/48332059.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 22 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=Government+signs+landmark+Nagaland+peace+treaty+with+NSCN%28I-M%29+in+presence+of+PM+Narendra+Modi&rft.date=2015-08-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics-and-nation%2Fgovernment-signs-landmark-nagaland-peace-treaty-with-nscni-m-in-presence-of-pm-narendra-modi%2Farticleshow%2F48332059.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Socialist+Council+of+Nagaland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/UNLFW-The-new-name-for-terror-in-NE/articleshow/47547899.cms">"UNLFW: The new name for terror in NE – Times of India"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i>. 5 June 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180410041409/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/UNLFW-The-new-name-for-terror-in-NE/articleshow/47547899.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 10 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2018</span>. <q>Bhattacharya told TOI, "We are taking UNLFW very seriously since it has brought several militant outfits under one umbrella."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=UNLFW%3A+The+new+name+for+terror+in+NE+%E2%80%93+Times+of+India&rft.date=2015-06-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2FUNLFW-The-new-name-for-terror-in-NE%2Farticleshow%2F47547899.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Socialist+Council+of+Nagaland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CHINAAFRONT-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CHINAAFRONT_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CHINAAFRONT_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/nine-miltant-groups-of-ne-form-united-front-with-chinese-blessings/story-6SuTFuFRymf27fSueYyoaP.html">"Nine miltant [sic] groups of NE form united front with Chinese blessings"</a>. 24 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612190426/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/nine-miltant-groups-of-ne-form-united-front-with-chinese-blessings/story-6SuTFuFRymf27fSueYyoaP.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2018</span>. <q>Nine militant groups of the northeast, including the NSCN-Khaplang and the ULFA faction led by Paresh Baruah, have come together to form a new unified front during a meeting held recently in Myanmar, security sources said.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nine+miltant+%5Bsic%5D+groups+of+NE+form+united+front+with+Chinese+blessings&rft.date=2015-04-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Findia%2Fnine-miltant-groups-of-ne-form-united-front-with-chinese-blessings%2Fstory-6SuTFuFRymf27fSueYyoaP.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Socialist+Council+of+Nagaland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AMBUSHZXZ-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AMBUSHZXZ_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AMBUSHZXZ_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/myanmar-operation-70-commandos-finish-task-in-40-minutes/article7302348.ece">"Myanmar operation: 70 commandos finish task in 40 minutes"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 10 June 2015. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X">0971-751X</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180306065147/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/myanmar-operation-70-commandos-finish-task-in-40-minutes/article7302348.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Myanmar+operation%3A+70+commandos+finish+task+in+40+minutes&rft.date=2015-06-10&rft.issn=0971-751X&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fmyanmar-operation-70-commandos-finish-task-in-40-minutes%2Farticle7302348.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Socialist+Council+of+Nagaland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ManifestoNSCN-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ManifestoNSCN_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/nagaland/documents/papers/manifesto_national_socialist_council_nagaland.htm">"Manifesto of the National Socialist Council of Nagaland"</a>. <i>South Asia Intelligence Review</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Hardtalk+India+T+Muiva+29.4.2005.MPG+%E2%80%93+YouTube&rft.date=2012-03-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DFHMQx55jp8Y&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Socialist+Council+of+Nagaland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2018" class="citation news cs1">Singh, Bikash (1 July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/integration-of-all-the-contiguous-naga-areas-is-the-legitimate-right-of-the-naga-people-nscn-im/articleshow/64816846.cms">"Integration of all the contiguous Naga areas is the legitimate right of the Naga people: NSCN-IM"</a>. <i>Economic Times</i>. India. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200403231144/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/integration-of-all-the-contiguous-naga-areas-is-the-legitimate-right-of-the-naga-people-nscn-im/articleshow/64816846.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 3 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Politician%2C+family+members+among+11+killed+in+India+ambush&rft.date=2019-05-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-india-violence-arunachal-idUSKCN1SR188&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Socialist+Council+of+Nagaland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIndrajit_Kundu2019" class="citation web cs1">Indrajit Kundu (21 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/npp-mla-tirong-aboh-shot-dead-arunachal-pradesh-1531046-2019-05-21">"Arunachal Pradesh: NPP MLA Tirong Aboh, son among 11 shot dead by unknown assailants"</a>. <i>India Today</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190925222301/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/npp-mla-tirong-aboh-shot-dead-arunachal-pradesh-1531046-2019-05-21">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.thesangaiexpress.com&rft.atitle=Former+ZB+president+Athuan+Abonmai+found+shot+dead&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thesangaiexpress.com%2FEncyc%2F2021%2F9%2F23%2FBy-Our-Staff-ReporterIMPHAL-Sep-22-Former-president-of-Zeliangrong-Baudi-Athuan-Abonmai-who-was.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Socialist+Council+of+Nagaland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Socialist_Council_of_Nagaland&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/nagaland/terrorist_outfits/Nscn_im.htm">National Socialist Council of Nagaland – Isak-Muivah</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110606041610/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090622/jsp/northeast/story_11135705.jsp">Northeast Echoes</a> by <a href="/wiki/Patricia_Mukhim" title="Patricia Mukhim">Patricia Mukhim</a>, <i>Telegraph India</i>, 22 June 2009</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kanglaonline.com/tag/nscn">Related Information/news for NSCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407115424/http://kanglaonline.com/">Archived</a> 7 April 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kanglaonline.com">KanglaOnline.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407115424/http://kanglaonline.com/">Archived</a> 7 April 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_armed_organisations_in_Myanmar" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_armed_organisations" title="Template:Ethnic armed organisations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_armed_organisations" title="Template talk:Ethnic armed organisations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_armed_organisations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic armed organisations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_armed_organisations_in_Myanmar" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_armed_organisations_in_Myanmar" title="List of ethnic armed organisations in Myanmar">Ethnic armed organisations in Myanmar</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_armed_organisations_in_Myanmar#Active" title="List of ethnic armed organisations in Myanmar">Active</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arakan_Army" title="Arakan Army">AA</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_League_of_Arakan" title="United League of Arakan">ULA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arakan_Army_(Kayin_State)" title="Arakan Army (Kayin State)">AA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arakan_National_Council" title="Arakan National Council">ANC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Burma_Students%27_Democratic_Front" title="All Burma Students' Democratic Front">ABSDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arakan_Liberation_Army" title="Arakan Liberation Army">ALA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arakan_Liberation_Party" title="Arakan Liberation Party">ALP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arakan_Rohingya_Salvation_Army" title="Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army">ARSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Leopard_Army" title="Black Leopard Army">BLA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamar_People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="Bamar People's Liberation Army">BPLA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinland_Defense_Force" title="Chinland Defense Force">CDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chin_National_Army" title="Chin National Army">CNA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chin_National_Front" title="Chin National Front">CNF</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chin_National_Defence_Force" title="Chin National Defence Force">CNDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DKBA-5" title="DKBA-5">DKBA-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kachin_Independence_Army" title="Kachin Independence Army">KIA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kachin_Independence_Organisation" title="Kachin Independence Organisation">KIO</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_National_Army" title="Karen National Army">KNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuki_National_Army" title="Kuki National Army">KNA(B)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayan_National_Army" title="Kayan National Army">KNA(C)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayan_New_Land_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Kayan New Land Army">KNLA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kayan_New_Land_Party" title="Kayan New Land Party">KNLP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_National_Defence_Organisation" title="Karen National Defence Organisation">KNDO</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karen_National_Liberation_Army" title="Karen National Liberation Army">KNLA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Karen_National_Union" title="Karen National Union">KNU</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karenni_Army" title="Karenni Army">KA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Karenni_National_Progressive_Party" title="Karenni National Progressive Party">KNPP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karenni_National_People%27s_Liberation_Front" title="Karenni National People's Liberation Front">KNPLF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawthoolei_Army" title="Kawthoolei Army">KTLA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KNU/KNLA_Peace_Council" title="KNU/KNLA Peace Council">KPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahu_Democratic_Union" title="Lahu Democratic Union">LDU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_National_Democratic_Alliance_Army" title="Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army">MNDAA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Myanmar_National_Truth_and_Justice_Party" title="Myanmar National Truth and Justice Party">MNTJP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon_National_Liberation_Army" title="Mon National Liberation Army">MNLA</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Mon_State_Party" title="New Mon State Party">NMSP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_Royal_Dragon_Army" title="Myanmar Royal Dragon Army">MRDA/BNRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance_Army" title="National Democratic Alliance Army">NDAA</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Peace_and_Solidarity_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peace and Solidarity Committee (page does not exist)">PSC</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">NSCN-K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Defence_Force_(Myanmar)" title="People's Defence Force (Myanmar)">PDF</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_Unity_Government_of_Myanmar" title="National Unity Government of Myanmar">NUG</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_(Myanmar)" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Liberation Army (Myanmar)">PLA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Burma" title="Communist Party of Burma">CPB</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa-O_National_Army" title="Pa-O National Army">PNA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pa-O_National_Organisation" title="Pa-O National Organisation">PNO</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa-O_National_Liberation_Army" title="Pa-O National Liberation Army">PNLA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pa-O_National_Liberation_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Pa-O National Liberation Organisation">PNLO</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Revolution_Alliance_(Magway)" title="People's Revolution Alliance (Magway)">PRA-Magway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohingya_Solidarity_Organisation" title="Rohingya Solidarity Organisation">RSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanni_Nationalities_Army" title="Shanni Nationalities Army">SNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_State_Army_%E2%80%93_North" class="mw-redirect" title="Shan State Army – North">SSA-N</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shan_State_Progress_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Shan State Progress Party">SSPP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_State_Army_%E2%80%93_South" class="mw-redirect" title="Shan State Army – South">SSA-S</a> (<a href="/wiki/Restoration_Council_of_Shan_State" title="Restoration Council of Shan State">RCSS</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%27ang_National_Liberation_Army" title="Ta'ang National Liberation Army">TNLA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Palaung_State_Liberation_Front" title="Palaung State Liberation Front">PSLF</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Wa_State_Army" title="United Wa State Army">UWSA</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_Wa_State_Party" title="United Wa State Party">UWSP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wa_National_Army" title="Wa National Army">WNA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wa_National_Organisation" title="Wa National Organisation">WNO</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zomi_Revolutionary_Army" title="Zomi Revolutionary Army">ZRA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zomi_Revolutionary_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Zomi Revolutionary Organisation">ZRO</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_armed_organisations_in_Myanmar#Defunct" title="List of ethnic armed organisations in Myanmar">Defunct</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arakan_Rohingya_Islamic_Front" title="Arakan Rohingya Islamic Front">ARIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Arakan" title="Communist Party of Arakan">CPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Karen_Buddhist_Army" title="Democratic Karen Buddhist Army">DKBA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God%27s_Army_(revolutionary_group)" title="God's Army (revolutionary group)">God's Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kachin_Defense_Army" title="Kachin Defense Army">KDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mong_Tai_Army" title="Mong Tai Army">MTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monland_Restoration_Army" title="Monland Restoration Army">MRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongko_Region_Defence_Army" title="Mongko Region Defence Army">MRDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujahideen#Myanmar" title="Mujahideen">Mujahideen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Army_%E2%80%93_Kachin" title="New Democratic Army – Kachin">NDA-K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_United_Party_of_Arakan" title="National United Party of Arakan">NUPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_(Burma)" title="Communist Party (Burma)">RFCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohingya_Liberation_Party" title="Rohingya Liberation Party">RLP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohingya_Patriotic_Front" title="Rohingya Patriotic Front">RPF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Army_-_Kachin#RRF" class="mw-redirect" title="New Democratic Army - Kachin">RRF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohingya_National_Army" title="Rohingya National Army">RNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_State_Army" title="Shan State Army">SSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_State_Communist_Party" title="Shan State Communist Party">SSCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_State_National_Army" title="Shan State National Army">SSNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_United_Revolutionary_Army" title="Shan United Revolutionary Army">SURA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigorous_Burmese_Student_Warriors" title="Vigorous Burmese Student Warriors">VBSW</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_armed_organisations_in_Myanmar#Coalitions" title="List of ethnic armed organisations in Myanmar">Coalitions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4K_Coalition" title="4K Coalition">4K Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_EAO_Alliance" title="7 EAO Alliance">7 EAO Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chin_Brotherhood_Alliance" title="Chin Brotherhood Alliance">Chin Brotherhood Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Political_Negotiation_and_Consultative_Committee" title="Federal Political Negotiation and Consultative Committee">Federal Political Negotiation and Consultative Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Union_Army" title="Federal Union Army">Federal Union Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Alliance_(Myanmar)" title="Northern Alliance (Myanmar)">Northern Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Brotherhood_Alliance" title="Three Brotherhood Alliance">Three Brotherhood Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_National_Liberation_Front_of_Western_South_East_Asia" title="United National Liberation Front of Western South East Asia">United National Liberation Front of Western South East Asia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Myanmar" title="List of wars involving Myanmar">Armed conflicts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Burma" title="Communist insurgency in Burma">Communist (1948–1988)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960%E2%80%9361_campaign_at_the_China%E2%80%93Burma_border" class="mw-redirect" title="1960–61 campaign at the China–Burma border">China–Myanmar border (1960–1961)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kachin_conflict" title="Kachin conflict">Kachin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_conflict" title="Karen conflict">Karen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen%E2%80%93Mon_conflict" title="Karen–Mon conflict">Karen–Mon</a></li> <li>Kokang <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2009_Kokang_incident" title="2009 Kokang incident">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Kokang_offensive" title="2015 Kokang offensive">2015</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohingya_conflict" title="Rohingya conflict">Rohingya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dragon_King" title="Operation Dragon King">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Clean_and_Beautiful_Nation" title="Operation Clean and Beautiful Nation">1991–1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_in_Rakhine_State_(2016%E2%80%93present)" title="Conflict in Rakhine State (2016–present)">2016–present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_civil_war_(2021%E2%80%93present)" title="Myanmar civil war (2021–present)">post-2021 coup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peace process</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceasefires_in_Myanmar" title="Ceasefires in Myanmar">Ceasefires</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_Ceasefire_Agreement" title="Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement">Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Peace_Conference_%E2%80%93_21st_Century_Panglong" title="Union Peace Conference – 21st Century Panglong">Union Peace Conference – 21st Century Panglong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internal_conflict_in_Myanmar" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal conflict in Myanmar">Internal conflict in Myanmar</a></li> <li><a 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