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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Elegiac</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Poetic concept</div> <p>The adjective <i><b>elegiac</b></i> has two possible meanings. First, it can refer to something of, relating to, or involving, an <a href="/wiki/Elegy" title="Elegy">elegy</a> or something that expresses similar mournfulness or sorrow. Second, it can refer more specifically to poetry composed in the form of <a href="/wiki/Elegiac_couplet" title="Elegiac couplet">elegiac couplets</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An elegiac couplet consists of one line of poetry in <a href="/wiki/Dactylic_hexameter" title="Dactylic hexameter">dactylic hexameter</a> followed by a line in <a href="/wiki/Dactylic_pentameter" title="Dactylic pentameter">dactylic pentameter</a>. Because dactylic hexameter is used throughout <a href="/wiki/Epic_poetry" title="Epic poetry">epic poetry</a>, and because the elegiac form was always considered "lower style" than epic, elegists, or poets who wrote elegies, frequently wrote with epic poetry in mind and positioned themselves in relation to epic. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classical_poets">Classical poets</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elegiac&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Classical poets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first examples of elegiac poetry in writing come from classical Greece. The form dates back nearly as early as <a href="/wiki/Epic_poetry" title="Epic poetry">epic</a>, with such authors as <a href="/wiki/Archilocus" class="mw-redirect" title="Archilocus">Archilocus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Simonides_of_Ceos" title="Simonides of Ceos">Simonides of Ceos</a> from early in the history of Greece. The first great elegiac poet of the <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic period</a> was <a href="/wiki/Philitas_of_Cos" title="Philitas of Cos">Philitas of Cos</a>: <a href="/wiki/Augustan_poets" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustan poets">Augustan poets</a> identified his name with great elegiac writing.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the most influential elegiac writers was Philitas' rival <a href="/wiki/Callimachus" title="Callimachus">Callimachus</a>, who had an enormous impact on Roman poets, both elegists and non-elegists alike. He promulgated the idea that elegy, shorter and more compact than epic, could be even more beautiful and worthy of appreciation. <a href="/wiki/Propertius" title="Propertius">Propertius</a> linked him to his rival with the following well-known couplet: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1157697682">.mw-parser-output .verse_translation .translated{padding-left:2em!important}@media only screen and (max-width:43.75em){.mw-parser-output .verse_translation.wrap_when_small td{display:block;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .verse_translation.wrap_when_small .translated{padding-left:0.5em!important}}</style> </p> <table role="presentation" class="verse_translation" style="margin-left:1em !important"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="" class="poem"> <p>Callimachi Manes et Coi sacra Philetae,<br />  in vestrum, quaeso, me sinite ire nemus.<sup id="cite_ref-Propertius-III.1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Propertius-III.1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </div> </td> <td class="translated"><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="en" class="poem"> <p>Callimachus' spirit, and shrine of Philitas of Cos,<br />  let me enter your sacred grove, I beseech you. </p> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The 1st-century-AD rhetorician <a href="/wiki/Quintilian" title="Quintilian">Quintilian</a> ranked Philitas second only to Callimachus among the elegiac poets.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another Greek elegiac poet, the subject of an elegy by Callimachus, was <a href="/wiki/Heraclitus_of_Halicarnassus" title="Heraclitus of Halicarnassus">Heraclitus of Halicarnassus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hermesianax_(poet)" title="Hermesianax (poet)">Hermesianax</a> was also an elegiac poet. </p><p>The foremost elegiac writers of the Roman era were <a href="/wiki/Catullus" title="Catullus">Catullus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Propertius" title="Propertius">Propertius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tibullus" title="Tibullus">Tibullus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>. Catullus, a generation earlier than the other three, influenced his younger counterparts greatly. They all, particularly Propertius, drew influence from Callimachus, and they also clearly read each other and responded to each other's works. Notably, Catullus and Ovid wrote in non-elegiac meters as well, but Propertius and Tibullus did not. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="English_poets">English poets</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elegiac&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: English poets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The "elegy" was originally a classical form with few English examples. However, in <a href="/wiki/1751_in_literature" title="1751 in literature">1751</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gray" title="Thomas Gray">Thomas Gray</a> wrote "<a href="/wiki/Elegy_Written_in_a_Country_Churchyard" title="Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard">Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard</a>". That poem inspired numerous imitators, and soon both the revived <a href="/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar">Pindaric</a> <a href="/wiki/Ode" title="Ode">ode</a> and "elegy" were commonplace. Gray used the term <i>elegy</i> for a poem of solitude and mourning, and not just for funereal (<a href="/wiki/Eulogy" title="Eulogy">eulogy</a>) verse. He also freed the elegy from the classical elegiac meter. </p><p>Afterward, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Samuel Taylor Coleridge</a> argued that the elegiac is the form "most natural to the reflective mind" and that it may be upon any subject, so long as it reflects on the poet himself. Coleridge was quite aware that his definition conflated the elegiac with the lyric, but he was emphasizing the <i>recollected</i> and <i>reflective</i> nature of the lyric he favored and referring to the sort of elegy that had been popularized by Gray. Also, <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Smith_(writer)" title="Charlotte Smith (writer)">Charlotte Smith</a> used the term to describe her series of <i>Elegiac Sonnets</i>. Similarly, <a href="/wiki/William_Wordsworth" title="William Wordsworth">William Wordsworth</a> had said that poetry should come from "emotions <i>recollected</i> in tranquility" (Preface to <i><a href="/wiki/Lyrical_Ballads" title="Lyrical Ballads">Lyrical Ballads</a></i>, emphasis added). After the Romantics, "elegiac" slowly returned to its narrower meaning of verse composed in memory of the dead. </p><p>In other examples of poetry such as <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Tennyson" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Tennyson">Alfred Tennyson</a>'s "The Lady of Shalott", an elegiac tone can be used, where the author is praising someone in a sombre tone. <a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien</a> in his essay "<a href="/wiki/Beowulf:_The_Monsters_and_the_Critics" title="Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics"><i>Beowulf</i>: The Monsters and the Critics</a>" argues that <i><a href="/wiki/Beowulf" title="Beowulf">Beowulf</a></i> is a heroic elegy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elegiac&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elegy" title="Elegy">Elegy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elegiac_couplet" title="Elegiac couplet">Elegiac couplet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetry#Elegy" title="Poetry">Poetry</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elegiac&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="Reference-AHD-Elegiac" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=Elegiac">"Elegiac"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language" title="The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language">The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language</a></i> (5th ed.). HarperCollins.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Elegiac&rft.btitle=The+American+Heritage+Dictionary+of+the+English+Language&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahdictionary.com%2Fword%2Fsearch.html%3Fq%3DElegiac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElegiac" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA._W._Bulloch1985" class="citation book cs1">A. W. Bulloch (1985). "Hellenistic poetry". In <a href="/wiki/P.E._Easterling" class="mw-redirect" title="P.E. Easterling">P.E. Easterling</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bernard_M.W._Knox" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernard M.W. Knox">Bernard M.W. Knox</a> (eds.). <i>The Hellenistic Period and the Empire</i>. The Cambridge History of Classical Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">541–</span>621. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FCHOL9780521210423.019">10.1017/CHOL9780521210423.019</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-35984-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-35984-8"><bdi>0-521-35984-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hellenistic+poetry&rft.btitle=The+Hellenistic+Period+and+the+Empire&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.series=The+Cambridge+History+of+Classical+Literature&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E541-%3C%2Fspan%3E621&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FCHOL9780521210423.019&rft.isbn=0-521-35984-8&rft.au=A.+W.+Bulloch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElegiac" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Propertius-III.1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Propertius-III.1_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Propertius" title="Propertius">Propertius</a>. <i>Elegies</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/prop3.html#1">III.1</a> (in Latin). Retrieved on 2007-06-30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuintilian" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Quintilian" title="Quintilian">Quintilian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080806084815/http://honeyl.public.iastate.edu/quintilian/10/chapter1.html#58"><i>Institutes of Oratory 10.1.58</i></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://honeyl.public.iastate.edu/quintilian/10/chapter1.html#58">the original</a> on 2008-08-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-09-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Institutes+of+Oratory+10.1.58&rft.au=Quintilian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhoneyl.public.iastate.edu%2Fquintilian%2F10%2Fchapter1.html%2358&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElegiac" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg7000.tlg001.perseus-grc2:7.80">Greek Anthology Book 7, 7.80</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0004.tlg001.perseus-grc1:9.1">Diogenes Laertius, Lives of the 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