CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913581e9ee703e1e',cH: '4JmaUzDr6SKUt.0LGsvZJIWOAgGb_IiRy4pzKFzA7Rw-1739792477-1.2.1.1-VHMVpsp4uNMIV0cV7y9PR31komni3EbSW89bbnD_GdGHsY.44fGYSXKPC.OA3YMl',cUPMDTk: "\/9999600\/mla?__cf_chl_tk=v2EuZAKHWRAlTlGxiCcShkiFwYTsW_GeTMVp8eX_uzY-1739792477-1.0.1.1-r0xCQTm2pLd44DbR6XQy8UXaLmH2PW6Zcr5nRYep4oU",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739792477',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/9999600\/mla?__cf_chl_f_tk=v2EuZAKHWRAlTlGxiCcShkiFwYTsW_GeTMVp8eX_uzY-1739792477-1.0.1.1-r0xCQTm2pLd44DbR6XQy8UXaLmH2PW6Zcr5nRYep4oU",md: "3HniJMkERMtXKEKuYhYshTDFMSbtAoCxKjzcNlgtK5c-1739792477-1.2.1.1-QOEEF2cBfskhphIGrMGphmgd.N8luI0a_16f5YWRkG2QAvTUK.YOFGQK5u0vmvgU1f64syg1kJ5HHwXQF0MTLpD.H6Uz5Qnn1kjGP9VaEhXTG7qxXydun9HebjutDoP6ObUe.xCNNTDGRdIgi8U6dW69LXxtHqo8bIgOm1ufTC_s5vO8JXBQnmZ85te75xCehSBkc3dFn.bqV8LXrrPGYUz41EbItiJy0M8.NEc4rzyunMk1kngtWnRfvp8NaoOu26o3YDLHkUlPajNZT8iNRq4v8n73MEbkhWUt8pFkSxSQ__M0LdhB3t.dBypcvJjJHDLopo48ua1ln6p2TniKipLB6a1acWOmKw4O24hmy28.u3T2u8yPLr5YU2fvidlV5aP21BGWCG0hnEZbx2ihiu.UzBodbAlr6aGkri6j84H9M9yjYNDQ3GAp0f1QTKbBZkaTLTvzjaEn2FP.Nv8B7skCP23ENmC6Cp9kGoB0UXmRRuVf0JZp3RxrUcjeMOala.H.TvNWnUcmoDrwj6p7V0j1OBCEByJLzVHI1cW5.Y8mVKo10eZ9nmT0b46a9oS02efvHtQYikNVePzq4ZSIHvDI2xwBI82tZMx5o0IuwJDaSQIiSesQ2Yzim4NQrcss4KUBiKR5LRiSgEiC9Oq5.o.d0.vOsyLg0iQPcWr7k1SbYjSzVaPGY9qvaMKMIw_NhRUbB1zHNoyg2F_b70XvSQ9H9WCO1a2KNxgp6oqwcTwPB95KAXF.1FeYvEdPUFnMOVDx4Ye7QZHz7utJ8BE1VcAu0kge8R3bR007z7G5PstB8DWeVLLTOVt6cFlePAaMS_Hi_yCTSUCnPeV_1Y6kRjRpHSKRFucFw_WqjTosp_lQvZMonLmjeP1jrEyKeYMpnnrJfT9WzJxhpCw3RAkWXgdW9KRdrmdfpAshLFHAhLNoZJMENspGd8tuqm7hhM5EE1jisDYgD9QsxbVdZOcpsjiTw_RT9ugzHxrkuojyvEYns1VCmDia5cwS_z9TbaPtRopsm0qPm1zlsn7QIo3pS2qRsVbFzec7tvfpLuS_p5gZMOD6ZKACuEhuqdm_oNCDZW2LtR.oLplh0fFrlejyL6rwyddpVhBtLtNcfEWHBFSA40Rwgz_ghDx3NSFFW0INOQly_w7_qp1MY7NR0BFnyRrda6213gR8t85NnvDOa3ZeKAHwVMJx7upx6P.EV3lmHWt7nUir6NkWXehpDwHVUvwxznVKzPlT64q6TrGkLmSV8_8EVuBdCQWQkalBS.Pvta1z632G8b6iEIPPIYmotuGHG8BYhGPre8IZ4CtY1LPio4j5mtUjJ0i1nlwRyvZx6R875o0Ox2Havilp5YAk3FnKTynGBW7HjSjN90UXefr5XJD2_Dfiezk3xSeo_7fFQ5tQJAtVHqytUk6m72GRRyOu5rHsmjnZPDS98yOxdownP31kqat71miLww2h2MDyoXc5QnuqpOtomb8dYf0evsPU0bx5j7zjSozA8DCpoXHur5ROqo.e_CJ5cbEaVmsZCBE7Z5Qd.CAqoepY9StcDHiUqRI8sidQUFVGD_W.ESO131OJNkezicnF0Nx75pCawrLvnAYt0HBBILC.5mscjsUynCFgSJvRdpbdxDh8OwpN7BHqjJbZSvAxv6mVo6E4Cr9rmL0MNrCR7D1wtJSGW1oJWwctZUvpD33EmW4Mx28pBp2VAak9t1KRIuF38F0KtWnnq2O_cYL6Ui5C6GKTBk.IIjUr.hVtgd.FAJXUUZxn8GXbGUrkQ9P6XXVHJkBCv33QllqpjFjmAJ8yL1WDyix1d_TTQ2A0jdIdALuA0xpbfAaeBXKHyOWGWzQ3lxZicJEfK4WXcekJ05ZYkAdjJ69hw7ug15nQKVRp0hvn7V4",mdrd: "AYlWFVNO1WWVD9V3O3LFMpIbbEaskIIn9W1OE.RFh7U-1739792477-1.2.1.1-q3mN4zjSsJPMw4PsTCXUtxYew7bMJQPMGswvJtvnTtJBq2Th5p5BeRYbcv6cnACkLYIo045i66jCLgStvrJ5AARuyPV7Dy1tFFq_fqDqkVsdBiL_2vzKJU4VhlhR4CT4SpeA_VdJ.rHKISyac3DEv.Cse1uLR443RmfbQ_I2d8Skfih8PJaFc36mMawhSYiwhTLuGsb6Vt2muw7MZPziMzSvoDDDdWqFzbh8tL9UbSS7CCNM9QPfQfMans3E8xgG7yFwYH0oBYzdpgxBGKI6sT_AZwLEokfzF8FGvlNDiUhuIPnxScref2aTcpqHeV7l5eikZrFFA71QZTkTVILUVRhk23t3oYzERrNbC3Gf2SzPrxiflbGJZztlXGru9pQWX1N12VEBJWj7M88.RhFYr2zLohS34Xbn9HaJcnQ7T55BZGwoDwI7k9okaHpNwsGC44ISANZskRwnDhlq7xoas9ivZuryy_8BFj.AhvE2aReCU.Z7WqB1cRfLNmDwOK90yj2g75J.xKuR36tDGpYrJzY7QIHsp1fWPQddiwj1Hqa8bQDr2upBAwIC7g_m9btnLDYH0iMy9RJUN.QDV.MRr0Q9p6PCVKEHXxfaZ2eGVu_l.fn9foR6GD_xZ70.ZOp6kR1e8OKMAPJiwDUnHvK18_LUuyo9pvXOmIxZEnlh7_ZJF7J67TytVJH6xTYoXosqThRWpTAAZ9FIuLB834_J3KG.exdDwfDQh9zJ2IQ0l9zDemS7IYaczv.7y43EdIwU7KppxqErDDdWNI059IFC3gpPDw2Z04M7W_mFltJ9HQzty.AkmLeYed7MExpZ.AzxNw6hgMm299MFSbjzMC75J0faoXzj54yIZE_IOGaOrbaNr4AsyuUylt7xV8z117XkBr5vWgJp4.0bKmc3_j70pyIDZJp1qXjKFj06lNehjokRxsCWt3bd1V7tRVXgHcCEVoschHz.AjDiVF4FUl7jBx3MVq1LGEoptRT3XwEfPUp4cFA_pxgGGZUoJso8wvgsh1o8lhvP9cNiawIWbMcpZ7qCWZRsyGLUmMx2A2sE_c1vlGfmmFbXIZiQSfB_plTeg4LAcHWh76vZ2DADCLC0HM2KUDKHOB0bSdQm53dyCztBbqC668IdG03qIKKN4K6xQpe67DdL2TJmlD727IGMFp3q93jp0tW786R.2WtSoW1ZDgkApddGGsxeFLCn7gmxhmpU7T5C.7.aehkf7TEvEXzTURDJLS6_IlrR3y5G0DmBoj65Mq.wySbHmQpueyzkFf5BGwVzn_MHQWzhU1HB5KFLuWurByTSBryZad4jMGyAg9OW_Yv5JpSKlF5dREe8M6Tb.5G59jONyN8EkWCP2QjMsKNXq0UdQsYE7KPKFqv1JBxM_MwRBSA5iwfMRN9rmg_88VZsVG2pkKoQGFAAKv8pZqnUjWakZsmOWXzPoq0pbtBU_ndfB4U_CLuBw_fDjj_hMyw7M73xFi7qxTVfupDMqMS2GmySw02m397iH9MIuxfsQ_qYdt_j70qB8_YbzfRQM13C735wnv1Dl6qI2kwHS45.GiYNDUeE.ovg8o.2d0v12TrfnGYwTaxXW8KDlvAiK7ZNYT3XaxFX.Te38driFmrwUmB7ABZlW86CLGJoPe6XMUj.L83VwWeMCG2gqdAnC9nL2CvM9qbSsh56dWaC6LZ1COFHK_07cAOEuHBTxs1vZidohiK2vkOoyfBs4k3V9xZrE7Y_may9OeTkudhxstKovCCdhJVtBT2mBiEbyzhOkaEbjdujk4Gjn6URB288U2_5nqfnHfBzXj6iyUVED1dPOZLkSHWgis5a6_s0Lah8GBDJRECLmDpwWWsn5SilN6xx9zFuTSZmBlNfK7CypPgj7QVGBwXu1gjnKY456Ykjwl6pxeGGXbjIpmi0dm7j0sN6j85zhKI1gUE.DKTyGEckJpljEJJTa_9jK1NOIJB2.1dMBt6h4g5i7veINxLlJbJ8xjXG_5SCnrAHdg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913581e9ee703e1e';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/9999600\/mla?__cf_chl_rt_tk=v2EuZAKHWRAlTlGxiCcShkiFwYTsW_GeTMVp8eX_uzY-1739792477-1.0.1.1-r0xCQTm2pLd44DbR6XQy8UXaLmH2PW6Zcr5nRYep4oU" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>