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Leonhard Euler — Wikipèdia
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<span>Commuta la subsecció Biografia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Biografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Jovença_e_formacion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jovença_e_formacion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Jovença e formacion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jovença_e_formacion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lo_periòde_de_Sant_Petersborg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lo_periòde_de_Sant_Petersborg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Lo periòde de Sant Petersborg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lo_periòde_de_Sant_Petersborg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lo_periòde_de_Berlin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lo_periòde_de_Berlin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Lo periòde de Berlin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lo_periòde_de_Berlin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lo_retorn_en_Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lo_retorn_en_Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Lo retorn en Russia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lo_retorn_en_Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Òbra_scientifica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Òbra_scientifica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Òbra scientifica</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Òbra_scientifica-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Òbra scientifica</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Òbra_scientifica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Matematicas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Matematicas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Matematicas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Matematicas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notacion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notacion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Notacion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notacion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Analisi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Analisi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Analisi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Analisi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teoria_dei_nombres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teoria_dei_nombres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Teoria dei nombres</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teoria_dei_nombres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geometria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geometria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4</span> <span>Geometria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geometria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teoria_dei_grafs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teoria_dei_grafs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.5</span> <span>Teoria dei grafs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teoria_dei_grafs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Matematicas_aplicadas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Matematicas_aplicadas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.6</span> <span>Matematicas aplicadas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Matematicas_aplicadas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fisica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fisica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Fisica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fisica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Logica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Logica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Logica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Logica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filosofia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filosofia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Filosofia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filosofia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Onors_e_guierdons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Onors_e_guierdons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Onors e guierdons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Onors_e_guierdons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Annèxs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annèxs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Annèxs</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Annèxs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Annèxs</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Annèxs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Liames_intèrnes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liames_intèrnes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Liames intèrnes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liames_intèrnes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nòtas_e_referéncias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Nòtas e referéncias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Somari" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Leonhard Euler</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 158 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-158" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">158 lengas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Эйлер, Леонард - adigué" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Эйлер, Леонард" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adigué" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - aleman de Soïssa" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="aleman de Soïssa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%8C%E1%8B%AE%E1%8A%93%E1%88%AD%E1%8B%B5_%E1%8A%A6%E1%8B%AD%E1%88%88%E1%88%AD" title="ሌዮናርድ ኦይለር - amaric" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሌዮናርድ ኦይለር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - aragonés" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B1" title="ليونهارت أويلر - arabi" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ليونهارت أويلر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B1" title="أويلر - arabe marocain" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="أويلر" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabe marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B1" title="ليونارد يولر - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ليونارد يولر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%85%27%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0" title="লিঅ'নাৰ্ড অইলাৰ - assamès" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="লিঅ'নাৰ্ড অইলাৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Eyler" title="Leonard Eyler - azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Leonard Eyler" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B1" title="لئونارد اویلر - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لئونارد اویلر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Леонард Эйлер - baixkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Леонард Эйлер" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baixkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - balinés" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - samogitien" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Леанард Эйлер - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Леанард Эйлер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%9E%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Леанард Ойлер - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Леанард Ойлер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%9E%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Леонард Ойлер - bulgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Леонард Ойлер" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B0" title="लियोनार्ड ऑयलर - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="लियोनार्ड ऑयलर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="লেওনার্ড অয়লার - bengalin" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লেওনার্ড অয়লার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - bosniac" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Леонард Эйлер - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Леонард Эйлер" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Эйлер, Леонард - chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Эйлер, Леонард" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - cebuan" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A6%DB%86%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%95%D8%B1" title="لیۆنارد ئۆیلەر - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لیۆنارد ئۆیلەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - chèc" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Леонард Эйлер - chovash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Леонард Эйлер" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chovash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - danés" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - alemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%AD%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BD%CF%84_%CE%8C%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%81" title="Λέοναρντ Όιλερ - grèc" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λέοναρντ Όιλερ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - anglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - espanhòl" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Euler" title="Leonard Euler - extremeny" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Leonard Euler" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="extremeny" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B1" title="لئونارد اویلر - perse" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لئونارد اویلر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - finlandés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euleri_Leonhard" title="Euleri Leonhard - võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Euleri Leonhard" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - frisó septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisó septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - frisó occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisó occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%8B%89" title="歐拉 - xinès gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="歐拉" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="xinès gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - créole guyanais" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="créole guyanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - gaelic escossés" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelic escossés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%85%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B7%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%83_%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8D%85%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%82" title="𐌻𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 𐌴𐍅𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍂 - gòtic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌻𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 𐌴𐍅𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍂" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gòtic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - haussa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haussa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%93_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%A8" title="לאונרד אוילר - ebrèu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לאונרד אוילר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebrèu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B0" title="लियोनार्ड ओइलर - Indi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लियोनार्ड ओइलर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Indi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - hindi de Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi de Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - crioll d’Haití" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="crioll d’Haití" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - ongrés" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ongrés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%A5%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4_%D4%B7%D5%B5%D5%AC%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Լեոնարդ Էյլեր - armèni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լեոնարդ Էյլեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armèni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eulero" title="Eulero - italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Eulero" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AC%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%8F%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AA%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC" title="レオンハルト・オイラー - japonés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="レオンハルト・オイラー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionaad_Yuula" title="Lionaad Yuula - crioll anglès de Jamaica" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Lionaad Yuula" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="crioll anglès de Jamaica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/leonard.euler" title="leonard.euler - lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="leonard.euler" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - javanés" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93_%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ლეონარდ ეილერი - georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლეონარდ ეილერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Euler" title="Leonard Euler - karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Leonard Euler" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Euler" title="Leonard Euler - cabil" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Leonard Euler" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Леонард Эйлер - cazac" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Леонард Эйлер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8A_%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A" title="លេអុនហាដ អយល័រ - cambojian" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="លេអុនហាដ អយល័រ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="cambojian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಲಿಯೊನಾರ್ಡ್ ಯೂಲರ್ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಲಿಯೊನಾರ್ಡ್ ಯೂಲರ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A0%88%EC%98%A8%ED%95%98%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8_%EC%98%A4%EC%9D%BC%EB%9F%AC" title="레온하르트 오일러 - corean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="레온하르트 오일러" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="corean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - cornic" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Леонард Эйлер - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Леонард Эйлер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhardus_Eulerus" title="Leonhardus Eulerus - latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Leonhardus Eulerus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - luxemborgés" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemborgés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Леонард Эйлер - lesguià" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Леонард Эйлер" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lesguià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - limburguès" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - llombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="llombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - lituan" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonards_Eilers" title="Leonards Eilers - leton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Leonards Eilers" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="leton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B0" title="लियोनार्ड ओइलर - maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="लियोनार्ड ओइलर" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - malgash" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%9E%D1%98%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Леонард Ојлер - macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Леонард Ојлер" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%BC" title="ലെയൻഹാർട് ഓയ്ലർ - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലെയൻഹാർട് ഓയ്ലർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Леонард Эйлер - mongòl" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Леонард Эйлер" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B0" title="लिओनार्ड ऑयलर - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लिओनार्ड ऑयलर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - mirandés" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9F%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AC" title="လီယွန်ဟတ် အွိုင်လာ - birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လီယွန်ဟတ် အွိုင်လာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - baix alemany" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baix alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B0" title="लियोनार्ड युलर - newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="लियोनार्ड युलर" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - norvegian nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegian nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - norvegian bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegian bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liyoonaardi_Ooyiler" title="Liyoonaardi Ooyiler - oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Liyoonaardi Ooyiler" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Эйлер, Леонард - osseta" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Эйлер, Леонард" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osseta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A1_%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B0" title="ਲਿਓਨਹਾਰਡ ਇਓਲਰ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲਿਓਨਹਾਰਡ ਇਓਲਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - polonés" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - piemontès" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%88_%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B1" title="لیونہارڈ اویلر - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لیونہارڈ اویلر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%89_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B1" title="لیونارډ ایولر - pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لیونارډ ایولر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Эйлер, Леонард - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эйлер, Леонард" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%95%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Леонард Ейлер - ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Леонард Ейлер" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B0" title="लियोनार्ड ओइलर - sanscrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="लियोनार्ड ओइलर" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Леонард Эйлер - iacut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Леонард Эйлер" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iacut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%B0_%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8" title="ᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱᱦᱟᱨᱰ ᱤᱣᱞᱟᱨ - santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱᱦᱟᱨᱰ ᱤᱣᱞᱟᱨ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liunardu_Euleru" title="Liunardu Euleru - sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Liunardu Euleru" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - escossés" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="escossés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%94%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A" title="ලියෝන්හාඩ් ඔයිලර් - singalès" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ලියෝන්හාඩ් ඔයිලර්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - eslovèn" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovèn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Euler" title="Leonard Euler - albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Leonard Euler" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%9E%D1%98%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Леонард Ојлер - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Леонард Ојлер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - sondanès" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sondanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - suedés" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Euler" title="Leonard Euler - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Leonard Euler" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li-ang-ha-te._Yu-la" title="Li-ang-ha-te. Yu-la - Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Li-ang-ha-te. Yu-la" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="லியோனார்டு ஆய்லர் - tamol" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="லியோனார்டு ஆய்லர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="లియొన్హార్డ్ ఆయిలర్ - telogó" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="లియొన్హార్డ్ ఆయిలర్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telogó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Леонард Эйлер - tajic" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Леонард Эйлер" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="เลอ็อนฮาร์ท อ็อยเลอร์ - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เลอ็อนฮาร์ท อ็อยเลอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_E%C3%BDler" title="Leonard Eýler - turcmèn" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Leonard Eýler" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turcmèn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - tagal" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Леонард Эйлер - tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Леонард Эйлер" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%95%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Леонард Ейлер - ucrainés" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Леонард Ейлер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucrainés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="article recomanat"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%88_%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B1" title="لیونہارڈ اویلر - ordó" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لیونہارڈ اویلر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ordó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - ozbèc" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ozbèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiler_Leonard" title="Eiler Leonard - vepse" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Eiler Leonard" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - vietnamian" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - volapuc" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%90%8A%E6%98%82%E5%93%88%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%AD%90%E6%8B%89" title="萊昂哈德·歐拉 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="萊昂哈德·歐拉" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%AD%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Леонард Эйлер - kalmoc" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Леонард Эйлер" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmoc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93_%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ლეონარდ ეილერი - mingrelià" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ლეონარდ ეილერი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%93_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="לעאנהארד אוילער - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="לעאנהארד אוילער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Leonhard Euler" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%90%8A%E6%98%82%E5%93%88%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%AD%90%E6%8B%89" title="萊昂哈德·歐拉 - chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="萊昂哈德·歐拉" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%8B%89" title="歐拉 - xinès clàssic" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="歐拉" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="xinès clàssic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler - 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Leonhard_Euler_2.jpg/220px-Leonhard_Euler_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Leonhard_Euler_2.jpg/330px-Leonhard_Euler_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Leonhard_Euler_2.jpg/440px-Leonhard_Euler_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="767" /></a><figcaption>Retrach de Leonhard Euler realizat en <a href="/wiki/1756" class="mw-redirect" title="1756">1756</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Leonhard Euler</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/15_d%27abril" title="15 d'abril">15 d'abril</a> de <a href="/wiki/1707" class="mw-redirect" title="1707">1707</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basil%C3%A8a" title="Basilèa">Basilèa</a> – <a href="/wiki/18_de_setembre" title="18 de setembre">18 de setembre</a> de <a href="/wiki/1783" class="mw-redirect" title="1783">1783</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sant_Petersborg" title="Sant Petersborg">Sant Petersborg</a>) es un <a href="/wiki/Matematician" title="Matematician">matematician</a> e <a href="/wiki/Fisician" title="Fisician">fisician</a> <a href="/wiki/So%C3%AFssa" title="Soïssa">soís</a> dau sègle XVIII. Amic dei Bernoulli, foguèt professor de l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Acad%C3%A8mia_dei_Sci%C3%A9ncias_de_Sant_Petersborg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acadèmia dei Sciéncias de Sant Petersborg (la pagina existís pas)">Acadèmia dei Sciéncias de Sant Petersborg</a> e de l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Acad%C3%A8mia_prussiana_dei_Sci%C3%A9ncias&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acadèmia prussiana dei Sciéncias (la pagina existís pas)">Acadèmia prussiana dei Sciéncias</a>. Cercaire prolific, foguèt a l'origina de descubèrtas e d'avançadas importantas dins lei domenis de l'<a href="/wiki/Analisi_matematica" title="Analisi matematica">analisi matematica</a>, de la <a href="/wiki/Teoria_dei_nombres" class="mw-redirect" title="Teoria dei nombres">teoria dei nombres</a> e de la <a href="/wiki/Geometria" title="Geometria">geometria</a>. Fondèt tanben la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teoria_dei_grafs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teoria dei grafs (la pagina existís pas)">teoria dei grafs</a> e participèt a l'introduccion e a la difusion de plusors notacions matematicas coma lei simbòls <i>f(x)</i>, <i>e</i>, <i>i</i>, <i>Σ</i> ò <i>π</i>. En fòra dei <a href="/wiki/Matematicas" title="Matematicas">matematicas</a>, aguèt un ròtle dins l'estudi dei fluids, de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mecanica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mecanica (la pagina existís pas)">mecanica</a> celèsta e de l'<a href="/wiki/Optica" title="Optica">optica</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografia">Biografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Euler&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modificar la seccion : Biografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Euler&action=edit&section=1" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Biografia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jovença_e_formacion"><span id="Joven.C3.A7a_e_formacion"></span>Jovença e formacion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Euler&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modificar la seccion : Jovença e formacion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Euler&action=edit&section=2" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Jovença e formacion"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Leonhard Euler nasquèt lo 15 d'abriu de <a href="/wiki/1707" class="mw-redirect" title="1707">1707</a> dins la <a href="/wiki/Vila" title="Vila">vila</a> de <a href="/wiki/Basil%C3%A8a" title="Basilèa">Basilèa</a>. Pastor, son paire Paul Euler (<a href="/wiki/1670" class="mw-redirect" title="1670">1670</a>-<a href="/wiki/1745" class="mw-redirect" title="1745">1745</a>) foguèt nomat un an pus tard dins un vilatge vesin, Riehen, onte la <a href="/wiki/Familha" class="mw-disambig" title="Familha">familha</a> anèt s'installar. Sa maire, Margaretha Brucker (<a href="/wiki/1677" class="mw-redirect" title="1677">1677</a>-<a href="/wiki/1761" class="mw-redirect" title="1761">1761</a>), èra la filha d'un pastor. Fòrça piós e devòt, lo pareu aguèt egalament doas filhas. Lei capacitats intellectualas de Leonhard Euler foguèron rapidament descubèrtas per son paire que demandèt a son amic <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joan_Bernoulli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joan Bernoulli (la pagina existís pas)">Johann Bernoulli</a> (<a href="/wiki/1667" class="mw-redirect" title="1667">1667</a>-<a href="/wiki/1748" class="mw-redirect" title="1748">1748</a>) de li ensenhar lei <a href="/wiki/Matematicas" title="Matematicas">matematicas</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Aquò foguèt pas possible car <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joan_Bernoulli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joan Bernoulli (la pagina existís pas)">Bernoulli</a> èra ocupat per sei recèrcas mai lo <a href="/wiki/Matematician" title="Matematician">matematician</a> poguèt conselhar quauquei <a href="/wiki/Libre" title="Libre">libres</a> e Leonhard Euler foguèt sovent invitat en cò d'eu per discutir de subjèctes <a href="/wiki/Sci%C3%A9ncia" title="Sciéncia">scientifics</a> ò <a href="/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia">filosofics</a>. Foguèt finalament <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Burckhardt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johannes Burckhardt (la pagina existís pas)">Johannes Burckhardt</a> (<a href="/wiki/1691" class="mw-redirect" title="1691">1691</a>-<a href="/wiki/1743" class="mw-redirect" title="1743">1743</a>), <a href="/wiki/Matematicas" title="Matematicas">matematician</a> e <a href="/wiki/Teologia" title="Teologia">teologian</a>, que s'ocupèt de l'ensenhament avançat de l'<a href="/wiki/Enfant" title="Enfant">enfant</a>. En parallèl, son paire l'inscriguèt vèrs <a href="/wiki/1716" class="mw-redirect" title="1716">1716</a> dins un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lic%C3%A8u&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Licèu (la pagina existís pas)">licèu</a> locau. </p><p>Dins aqueu quadre, Leonhard Euler realizèt de progrès accelerats e intrèt a l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Universitat_de_Basil%C3%A8a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universitat de Basilèa (la pagina existís pas)">Universitat de Basilèa</a> en <a href="/wiki/1720" class="mw-redirect" title="1720">1720</a>. I obtenguèt una <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mestria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mestria (la pagina existís pas)">mestria</a> de <a href="/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia">filosofia</a> tres ans pus tard. Puei, gràcias au sostèn de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joan_Bernoulli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joan Bernoulli (la pagina existís pas)">Bernoulli</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, poguèt perseguir seis estudis en <a href="/wiki/Matematicas" title="Matematicas">matematicas</a> e obtenir un diplòma dins aqueu domeni en <a href="/wiki/1726" class="mw-redirect" title="1726">1726</a>. Amb l'ajuda de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Bernoulli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel Bernoulli (la pagina existís pas)">Daniel</a> e de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Bernoulli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicholas Bernoulli (la pagina existís pas)">Nicholas Bernoulli</a>, lei fius de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joan_Bernoulli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joan Bernoulli (la pagina existís pas)">Johann</a>, obtenguèt un pòste <a href="/wiki/Universitat" title="Universitat">universitari</a> de professor de <a href="/wiki/Fisiologia" title="Fisiologia">fisiologia</a> a <a href="/wiki/Sant_Petersborg" title="Sant Petersborg">Sant Petersborg</a>. Acceptèt e anèt s'installar dins la <a href="/wiki/Capitala" title="Capitala">capitala</a> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">russa</a> en abriu de <a href="/wiki/1727" class="mw-redirect" title="1727">1727</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lo_periòde_de_Sant_Petersborg"><span id="Lo_peri.C3.B2de_de_Sant_Petersborg"></span>Lo periòde de Sant Petersborg</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Euler&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modificar la seccion : Lo periòde de Sant Petersborg" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Euler&action=edit&section=3" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Lo periòde de Sant Petersborg"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Creada en <a href="/wiki/1724" class="mw-redirect" title="1724">1724</a>, l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Acad%C3%A8mia_dei_Sci%C3%A9ncias_de_Sant_Petersborg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acadèmia dei Sciéncias de Sant Petersborg (la pagina existís pas)">Acadèmia dei Sciéncias de Sant Petersborg</a> èra una institucion destinada a melhorar l'educacion en <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> dins l'encastre de la <a href="/wiki/Politica" title="Politica">politica</a> de modernizacion dau país menada per <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8ire_I%C3%A8r_lo_Grand" class="mw-redirect" title="Pèire Ièr lo Grand">Pèire lo Grand</a> (<a href="/wiki/1682" class="mw-redirect" title="1682">1682</a>-<a href="/wiki/1725" class="mw-redirect" title="1725">1725</a>). Dispausava donc d'un budget important e de ressorsas <a href="/wiki/Sci%C3%A9ncia" title="Sciéncia">scientificas</a> provesidas per lo tsar ò la <a href="/wiki/Noblesa" title="Noblesa">noblesa</a> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">russa</a>. De mai, lo nombre d'estudiants i èra encara feble e lei professors èran fòrça encoratjats a s'investir dins la recèrca. L'endrech atraiguèt donc mai d'un jove scientific d'<a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Euròpa">europèu</a>. En particular, se formèt una comunautat <a href="/wiki/Alemand" title="Alemand">germanofòna</a> qu'integrèt Euler e lei Bernoulli. </p><p>Dins l'Acadèmia, Euler obtenguèt finalament un pòste dins lo departament dei <a href="/wiki/Matematicas" title="Matematicas">matematicas</a>, plaçat sota la direccion de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Bernoulli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel Bernoulli (la pagina existís pas)">Daniel Bernoulli</a>. Euler avancèt rapidament dins la ierarquia per venir professor en <a href="/wiki/1731" class="mw-redirect" title="1731">1731</a> e cap dau departament de <a href="/wiki/Matematicas" title="Matematicas">matematicas</a> dos ans pus tard après la partença de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Bernoulli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel Bernoulli (la pagina existís pas)">Daniel Bernoulli</a>, lassat de la <a href="/wiki/Censura" title="Censura">censura</a> e de l'ostilitat manifestada per lei <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Rus</a> còntra leis estrangiers durant lo rèine de <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A8ire_II_(emperaire_de_Russia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pèire II (emperaire de Russia) (la pagina existís pas)">Pèire II</a> (<a href="/wiki/1727" class="mw-redirect" title="1727">1727</a>-<a href="/wiki/1730" class="mw-redirect" title="1730">1730</a>). Durant aqueu periòde, Euler se maridèt amb <a href="/w/index.php?title=Katharina_Gsell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katharina Gsell (la pagina existís pas)">Katharina Gsell</a> (<a href="/wiki/1707" class="mw-redirect" title="1707">1707</a>-<a href="/wiki/1773" class="mw-redirect" title="1773">1773</a>) qu'èra la filha d'un pintre <a href="/wiki/So%C3%AFssa" title="Soïssa">soís</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_Gsell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georg Gsell (la pagina existís pas)">Georg Gsell</a> (<a href="/wiki/1673" class="mw-redirect" title="1673">1673</a>-<a href="/wiki/1740" class="mw-redirect" title="1740">1740</a>), invitat en <a href="/wiki/1716" class="mw-redirect" title="1716">1716</a> per <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8ire_I%C3%A8r_lo_Grand" class="mw-redirect" title="Pèire Ièr lo Grand">Pèire I<sup>èr</sup></a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Lo pareu aguèt 13 <a href="/wiki/Enfant" title="Enfant">enfants</a> mai solament 5 subrevisquèron. </p><p>A la fin deis <a href="/wiki/Ans_1730" title="Ans 1730">ans 1730</a>, la situacion deis estrangiers en <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> se degradèt en causa de rivalitats amb la <a href="/wiki/Noblesa" title="Noblesa">noblesa</a> russa. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elisab%C3%A8ta_I%C3%A8ra_de_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elisabèta Ièra de Russia (la pagina existís pas)">Elisabèta de Russia</a> (<a href="/wiki/1741" class="mw-redirect" title="1741">1741</a>-<a href="/wiki/1762" class="mw-redirect" title="1762">1762</a>) sostenguèt aqueu movement car voliá limitar l'influéncia germanica au sen dau <a href="/wiki/Gov%C3%A8rn" title="Govèrn">govèrn</a> e de l'<a href="/wiki/Administracion" title="Administracion">administracion</a>. En <a href="/wiki/1741" class="mw-redirect" title="1741">1741</a>, Euler quitèt donc <a href="/wiki/Sant_Petersborg" title="Sant Petersborg">Sant Petersborg</a> après aver recebut una invitacion dau rèi <a href="/wiki/Frederic_II_de_Pr%C3%BAssia" title="Frederic II de Prússia">Frederic II de Prússia</a> (<a href="/wiki/1740" class="mw-redirect" title="1740">1740</a>-<a href="/wiki/1786" class="mw-redirect" title="1786">1786</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lo_periòde_de_Berlin"><span id="Lo_peri.C3.B2de_de_Berlin"></span>Lo periòde de Berlin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Euler&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modificar la seccion : Lo periòde de Berlin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Euler&action=edit&section=4" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Lo periòde de Berlin"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Leonhard_Euler.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Leonhard_Euler.jpg/220px-Leonhard_Euler.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Leonhard_Euler.jpg/330px-Leonhard_Euler.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Leonhard_Euler.jpg/440px-Leonhard_Euler.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4672" data-file-height="6040" /></a><figcaption>Retrach d'Euler en <a href="/wiki/1755" class="mw-redirect" title="1755">1755</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Euler demorèt en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alemnanha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alemnanha (la pagina existís pas)">Alemnanha</a> de <a href="/wiki/1741" class="mw-redirect" title="1741">1741</a> a <a href="/wiki/1766" class="mw-redirect" title="1766">1766</a>, principalament en <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>. I trabalhèt a l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Acad%C3%A8mia_dei_Sci%C3%A9ncias_Prussiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acadèmia dei Sciéncias Prussiana (la pagina existís pas)">Acadèmia dei Sciéncias Prussiana</a>. Pasmens, rompèt pas totalament amb <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> car perseguiguèt sa collaboracion amb l'Acadèmia de Sant Petersborg per lei questions regardant de trabalhs iniciats dins lo corrent deis <a href="/wiki/Ans_1730" title="Ans 1730">ans 1730</a>. Son periòde alemand veguèt la publicacion de plusors obratges importants : <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Introductio_in_analysin_infinitorum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Introductio in analysin infinitorum (la pagina existís pas)">Introductio in analysin infinitorum</a></i> (« Introduccion a l'analisi deis infinidament pichons » en <a href="/wiki/Occitan" title="Occitan">occitan</a>) en <a href="/wiki/1748" class="mw-redirect" title="1748">1748</a> e <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institutiones_calculi_differentialis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institutiones calculi differentialis (la pagina existís pas)">Institutiones calculi differentialis</a></i> (« Tractat de calcul diferenciau ») en <a href="/wiki/1755" class="mw-redirect" title="1755">1755</a>. Euler escriguèt tanben aperaquí 200 letras a la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederica_Carlota_de_Brandeborg_Schwedt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederica Carlota de Brandeborg Schwedt (la pagina existís pas)">princessa d'Anhalt-Dessau</a>. La publicacion de l'ensemble d'aquela correspondéncia a donat naissença au libre <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Letras_a_una_princessa_d%27Alemanha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Letras a una princessa d'Alemanha (la pagina existís pas)">Letras a una princessa d'Alemanha</a></i>. </p><p>En fòra de son trabalh, Euler aguèt de dificultats per s'adaptar a la vida de la cort de <a href="/wiki/Frederic_II_de_Pr%C3%BAssia" title="Frederic II de Prússia">Frederic II</a>. D'efiech, Euler i participava a mai d'un debat dins de domenis que fasián pas partida de seis especialistas. Seis avejaires, generalament simples, venguèron l'objècte dei trufariás de personalitats coma <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a>. Lo rèi èra tanben decebut de l'abséncia d'aplicacions concrètas dei recèrcas teoricas dau matematician. En parallèl, sa <a href="/wiki/Santat" title="Santat">santat</a> se degradèt e Euler venguèt quasi bòrni de l'<a href="/wiki/Uelh" class="mw-redirect" title="Uelh">uelh</a> drech<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Pasmens, aquel <a href="/wiki/Andicap" title="Andicap">andicap</a> aguèt pas de consequéncias sus son trabalh car Euler poguèt compensar gràcias a sei capacitats intellectualas e a l'ajuda d'assistents<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lo_retorn_en_Russia">Lo retorn en Russia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Euler&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modificar la seccion : Lo retorn en Russia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Euler&action=edit&section=5" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Lo retorn en Russia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En <a href="/wiki/1766" class="mw-redirect" title="1766">1766</a>, Euler s'entornèt a <a href="/wiki/Sant_Petersborg" title="Sant Petersborg">Sant Petersborg</a> a la demanda de <a href="/wiki/Catarina_II_de_Russia" title="Catarina II de Russia">Catarina II</a>. La situacion deis estrangiers s'i èra melhorada e Euler obtenguèt de la sobeirana de conditions avantatjosas e lo sostèn de la direccion de l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Acad%C3%A8mia_dei_Sci%C3%A9ncias_de_Sant_Petersborg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acadèmia dei Sciéncias de Sant Petersborg (la pagina existís pas)">Acadèmia</a>. Pasmens, deguèt faciar la destruccion de son <a href="/wiki/Ostau" class="mw-redirect" title="Ostau">ostau</a> per un <a href="/wiki/Incendi" title="Incendi">incendi</a> en <a href="/wiki/1771" class="mw-redirect" title="1771">1771</a> e la <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B2rt" title="Mòrt">mòrt</a> de sa femna en <a href="/wiki/1773" class="mw-redirect" title="1773">1773</a>. Se tornèt maridar rapidament amb Salomé Abigail Gsell (<a href="/wiki/1723" class="mw-redirect" title="1723">1723</a>-<a href="/wiki/1794" class="mw-redirect" title="1794">1794</a>), un sorrastra de sa femna. </p><p>Euler contunièt de trabalhar fins a sa <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B2rt" title="Mòrt">mòrt</a> lo 18 de setembre de <a href="/wiki/1783" class="mw-redirect" title="1783">1783</a>. La causa de sa disparicion es una <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emorragia_cerebrala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emorragia cerebrala (la pagina existís pas)">emorragia cerebrala</a>. Foguèt enterrat amb sa premiera esposa dins lo <a href="/wiki/Cement%C3%A8ri" title="Cementèri">cementèri</a> <a href="/wiki/Protestantisme" title="Protestantisme">protestant</a> situat sus l'illa de Vassilievski. Au sègle XIX, sei rèstas foguèron transferits au <a href="/w/index.php?title=Monast%C3%A8ri_Alexandre_Nevski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monastèri Alexandre Nevski (la pagina existís pas)">monastèri Alexandre Nevski</a> après la barradura dau cementèri. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Òbra_scientifica"><span id=".C3.92bra_scientifica"></span>Òbra scientifica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Euler&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modificar la seccion : Òbra scientifica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Euler&action=edit&section=6" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Òbra scientifica"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Matematicas">Matematicas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Euler&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modificar la seccion : Matematicas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Euler&action=edit&section=7" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Matematicas"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Notacion">Notacion</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Euler&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modificar la seccion : Notacion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Euler&action=edit&section=8" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Notacion"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gràcias a la difusion importanta de seis obratges principaus, Euler a participat a l'introduccion e a l'adopcion de plusors notacions matematicas. Entre lei pus importantas, se pòdon citar : </p> <ul><li>« f(x) » per designar una <a href="/wiki/Aplicacion_(matematicas)" title="Aplicacion (matematicas)">foncion</a> <i>f</i> aplicada a un argument <i>x</i>.</li> <li>lei notacions modèrnas per lei foncions <a href="/wiki/Trigonometria" title="Trigonometria">trigonometricas</a>.</li> <li>« e » per lo <a href="/wiki/E_(nombre)" title="E (nombre)">nombre <i>e</i></a>, egalament de còps dich <a href="/wiki/Nombre_d%27Euler" class="mw-redirect" title="Nombre d'Euler">nombre d'Euler</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>« i » per designar l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Unitat_imagin%C3%A0ria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unitat imaginària (la pagina existís pas)">unitat imaginària</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>« Σ » per designar una sòma de plusors tèrmes <a href="/wiki/Matematicas" title="Matematicas">matematicas</a>.</li></ul> <p>Enfin, se foguèt pas à l'origina de son invencion, aguèt un ròtle major dins la difusion de la notacion « π ». </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Analisi">Analisi</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Euler&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modificar la seccion : Analisi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Euler&action=edit&section=9" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Analisi"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aisse important dau desvolopament dei <a href="/wiki/Matematicas" title="Matematicas">matematicas</a> durant lo sègle XVIII, lo <a href="/wiki/Calcul_infinitesimau" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcul infinitesimau">calcul infinitesimau</a> foguèt una partida importanta dau trabalh d'Euler que contunièt lei recèrcas dei Bernoulli dins aqueu domeni. En particular, utilizèt lei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seria_(matematicas)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seria (matematicas) (la pagina existís pas)">serias numericas</a> e lei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seria_enti%C3%A8ra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seria entièra (la pagina existís pas)">serias entièras</a> per trobar d'expressions dau <a href="/wiki/E_(nombre)" title="E (nombre)">nombre <i>e</i></a> e de la foncion <a href="/w/index.php?title=Exponenciala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Exponenciala (la pagina existís pas)">exponenciala</a> : </p> <center><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {e} =\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }{\dfrac {1}{n\,!}}=\lim _{n\to \infty }\left({\frac {1}{0\,!}}+{\frac {1}{1\,!}}+{\frac {1}{2\,!}}+\cdots +{\frac {1}{n\,!}}\right)\cdot }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <munderover> <mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi> </mrow> </munderover> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>!</mo> </mrow> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <munder> <mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">lim</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi> </mrow> </munder> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>!</mo> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>!</mo> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>!</mo> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>!</mo> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {e} =\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }{\dfrac {1}{n\,!}}=\lim _{n\to \infty }\left({\frac {1}{0\,!}}+{\frac {1}{1\,!}}+{\frac {1}{2\,!}}+\cdots +{\frac {1}{n\,!}}\right)\cdot }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/68195fc1e9d72895cdebd90a09ca3ffe46e1e1a1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:49.798ex; height:6.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {e} =\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }{\dfrac {1}{n\,!}}=\lim _{n\to \infty }\left({\frac {1}{0\,!}}+{\frac {1}{1\,!}}+{\frac {1}{2\,!}}+\cdots +{\frac {1}{n\,!}}\right)\cdot }"></span></center> <center><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {e} ^{x}=\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }{\dfrac {x^{n}}{n\,!}}=\lim _{n\to \infty }\left({\frac {1}{0\,!}}+{\frac {x}{1\,!}}+{\frac {x^{2}}{2\,!}}+\cdots +{\frac {x^{n}}{n\,!}}\right)\cdot }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <munderover> <mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi> </mrow> </munderover> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>!</mo> </mrow> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <munder> <mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">lim</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi> </mrow> </munder> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>!</mo> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>x</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>!</mo> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>!</mo> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>!</mo> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {e} ^{x}=\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }{\dfrac {x^{n}}{n\,!}}=\lim _{n\to \infty }\left({\frac {1}{0\,!}}+{\frac {x}{1\,!}}+{\frac {x^{2}}{2\,!}}+\cdots +{\frac {x^{n}}{n\,!}}\right)\cdot }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4b80d4c2b61b1c25e7e42eda238d13b675b3179d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:51.397ex; height:6.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {e} ^{x}=\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }{\dfrac {x^{n}}{n\,!}}=\lim _{n\to \infty }\left({\frac {1}{0\,!}}+{\frac {x}{1\,!}}+{\frac {x^{2}}{2\,!}}+\cdots +{\frac {x^{n}}{n\,!}}\right)\cdot }"></span></center> <p>Totjorn en utilizant lei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seria_(matematicas)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seria (matematicas) (la pagina existís pas)">serias</a>, Euler trobèt la solucion dau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Problema_de_Basil%C3%A8a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Problema de Basilèa (la pagina existís pas)">problema de Basilèa</a> en <a href="/wiki/1735" class="mw-redirect" title="1735">1735</a> : </p> <center><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sum _{n=1}^{\infty }{\dfrac {1}{n^{2}}}=\lim _{n\to \infty }\left({\frac {1}{1^{2}}}+{\frac {1}{2^{2}}}+{\frac {1}{3^{2}}}+\cdots +{\frac {1}{n^{2}}}\right)={\frac {\pi ^{2}}{6}}\cdot }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <munderover> <mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi> </mrow> </munderover> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msup> <mi>n</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <munder> <mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">lim</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi> </mrow> </munder> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msup> <mn>1</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msup> <mn>2</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msup> <mn>3</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msup> <mi>n</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msup> <mi>π<!-- π --></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mn>6</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sum _{n=1}^{\infty }{\dfrac {1}{n^{2}}}=\lim _{n\to \infty }\left({\frac {1}{1^{2}}}+{\frac {1}{2^{2}}}+{\frac {1}{3^{2}}}+\cdots +{\frac {1}{n^{2}}}\right)={\frac {\pi ^{2}}{6}}\cdot }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/dcc14ded9a7d39fa48b0ab8ca97290afaf6ac384" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:51.705ex; height:6.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sum _{n=1}^{\infty }{\dfrac {1}{n^{2}}}=\lim _{n\to \infty }\left({\frac {1}{1^{2}}}+{\frac {1}{2^{2}}}+{\frac {1}{3^{2}}}+\cdots +{\frac {1}{n^{2}}}\right)={\frac {\pi ^{2}}{6}}\cdot }"></span></center> <p>Pasmens, l'apòrt principau d'Euler foguèt la generalizacion de l'utilizacion de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Foncion_exponenciala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foncion exponenciala (la pagina existís pas)">foncion exponenciala</a> e dei <a href="/wiki/Logaritme" title="Logaritme">logaritmes</a> dins lei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Demonstracion_matematica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demonstracion matematica (la pagina existís pas)">demonstracions matematicas</a>. Aquò permetèt la descubèrta de resultats novèus coma l'extension dei <a href="/wiki/Logaritme" title="Logaritme">logaritmes</a> ai nombres negatius e ai <a href="/wiki/Nombre_compl%C3%A8xe" title="Nombre complèxe">nombres complèxs</a>. Ansin, establiguèt la <a href="/wiki/Formula_d%27Euler" title="Formula d'Euler">formula d'Euler</a> qu'es considerada coma una formula majora dei <a href="/wiki/Matematicas" title="Matematicas">matematicas</a> : </p> <center><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {e} ^{\,\mathrm {i} \,\varphi }=\cos(\varphi )+\mathrm {i} \,\sin(\varphi ).\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mi>cos</mi> <mo>⁡<!-- --></mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>⁡<!-- --></mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {e} ^{\,\mathrm {i} \,\varphi }=\cos(\varphi )+\mathrm {i} \,\sin(\varphi ).\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8462901e3f7cd3d33ab77c8d1d272022eb06b7a3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:24.591ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {e} ^{\,\mathrm {i} \,\varphi }=\cos(\varphi )+\mathrm {i} \,\sin(\varphi ).\,}"></span></center> <p>Un cas particular d'aquela formula s'obtèn quand l'argument <i>φ</i> es egau a <i>π</i> : </p> <center><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {e} ^{\,\mathrm {i} \,\pi }+1=0\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi>π<!-- π --></mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {e} ^{\,\mathrm {i} \,\pi }+1=0\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1e3fe9cebbd917852a38580082ff6a60795702c1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:12.089ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {e} ^{\,\mathrm {i} \,\pi }+1=0\,}"></span></center> <p>Dich <a href="/wiki/Identitat_d%27Euler" title="Identitat d'Euler">identitat d'Euler</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, permet de liar plusors constantas gràcias a l'<a href="/wiki/Addicion" title="Addicion">addicion</a>, a la <a href="/wiki/Multiplicacion" title="Multiplicacion">multiplicacion</a> e a l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Exponenciala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Exponenciala (la pagina existís pas)">exponenciala</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Teoria_dei_nombres">Teoria dei nombres</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Euler&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modificar la seccion : Teoria dei nombres" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Euler&action=edit&section=10" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Teoria dei nombres"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Euler s'interessèt a la <a href="/wiki/Teoria_dei_nombres" class="mw-redirect" title="Teoria dei nombres">teoria dei nombres</a> probablament après son rescòntre amb lo <a href="/wiki/Matematician" title="Matematician">matematician</a> <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">alemand</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Goldbach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian Goldbach (la pagina existís pas)">Christian Goldbach</a> (<a href="/wiki/1690" class="mw-redirect" title="1690">1690</a>-<a href="/wiki/1764" class="mw-redirect" title="1764">1764</a>) que trabalhava a l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Acad%C3%A8mia_dei_Sci%C3%A9ncias_de_Sant_Petersborg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acadèmia dei Sciéncias de Sant Petersborg (la pagina existís pas)">Acadèmia de Sant Petersborg</a>. La màger part de son òbra dins aqueu domeni es liada a de desvolopaments dei trabalhs dau <a href="/wiki/Matematicas" title="Matematicas">matematician</a> <a href="/wiki/Occit%C3%A0nia" title="Occitània">occitan</a> <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8ire_de_Fermat" title="Pèire de Fermat">Pèire de Fermat</a> (<a href="/wiki/1601" class="mw-redirect" title="1601">1601</a>-<a href="/wiki/1655" class="mw-redirect" title="1655">1655</a>). Aquò li permetèt d'establir un liame entre la distribucion dei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nombre_premier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nombre premier (la pagina existís pas)">nombres premiers</a> e l'<a href="/wiki/Analisi_matematica" title="Analisi matematica">analisi matematica</a>. </p><p>Entre sei resultats pus importants, se pòdon mencionar lei demonstracions deis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Identitats_de_Newton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Identitats de Newton (la pagina existís pas)">identitats de Newton</a>, dau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pichon_teor%C3%A8ma_de_Fermat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pichon teorèma de Fermat (la pagina existís pas)">pichon teorèma de Fermat</a>, dau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teor%C3%A8ma_dei_dos_carrats_de_Fermat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teorèma dei dos carrats de Fermat (la pagina existís pas)">teorèma dei dos carrats de Fermat</a> e de la divergéncia de la seria deis invèrs dei nombres premiers (gràcias a la descubèrta d'un liame amb la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Foncion_z%C3%A8ta_de_Riemann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foncion zèta de Riemann (la pagina existís pas)">foncion zèta de Riemann</a>). Definiguèt tanben la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indicatritz_d%27Euler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indicatritz d'Euler (la pagina existís pas)">foncion indicatritz</a> que permet de donar, per un <a href="/wiki/Nombre_enti%C3%A8r" title="Nombre entièr">nombre entièr</a> <i>n</i>, lo nombre d'entièrs positius inferiors e premiers amb <i>n</i>. En utilizant lei proprietats d'aquela foncion, aquò li permetèt de generalizar lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pichon_teor%C3%A8ma_de_Fermat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pichon teorèma de Fermat (la pagina existís pas)">pichon teorèma de Fermat</a> per trobar lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teor%C3%A8ma_d%27Euler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teorèma d'Euler (la pagina existís pas)">teorèma d'Euler</a>. Enfin, conjecturèt la <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A8i_de_reciprocitat_quadratica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lèi de reciprocitat quadratica (la pagina existís pas)">lèi de reciprocitat quadratica</a> que foguèt demonstrada per <a href="/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss">Carl Friedrich Gauss</a> (<a href="/wiki/1777" class="mw-redirect" title="1777">1777</a>-<a href="/wiki/1855" class="mw-redirect" title="1855">1855</a>). </p><p>D'un biais pus anecdotic, Euler descurbiguèt en <a href="/wiki/1772" class="mw-redirect" title="1772">1772</a> lo nombre premier 2<small><sup>31</sup></small> – 1 que demorèt lo pus grand <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nombre_premier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nombre premier (la pagina existís pas)">nombre premier</a> conegut fins a <a href="/wiki/1867" class="mw-redirect" title="1867">1867</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Geometria">Geometria</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Euler&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modificar la seccion : Geometria" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Euler&action=edit&section=11" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Geometria"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Triangle_cercle_euler.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Triangle_cercle_euler.png/220px-Triangle_cercle_euler.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Triangle_cercle_euler.png/330px-Triangle_cercle_euler.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Triangle_cercle_euler.png/440px-Triangle_cercle_euler.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="451" /></a><figcaption>Esquèma presentant lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceucle_d%27Euler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ceucle d'Euler (la pagina existís pas)">ceucle</a> e la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Drecha_d%27Euler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drecha d'Euler (la pagina existís pas)">drecha d'Euler</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>En <a href="/wiki/Geometria" title="Geometria">geometria</a>, lei trabalhs d'Euler menèron principalament a la descubèrta de proprietats regardant lei ponchs de remarca d'un <a href="/wiki/Triangle" title="Triangle">triangle</a>. En particular, demostrèt que lei pès dei tres autors (H<small><sub>1</sub></small>, H<small><sub>2</sub></small> e H<small><sub>3</sub></small>), lei mitans dei tres costats (T<small><sub>1</sub></small>, T<small><sub>2</sub></small> e T<small><sub>3</sub></small>) e lei mitans de cada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Segment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Segment (la pagina existís pas)">segment</a> anant de l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortocentre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortocentre (la pagina existís pas)">ortocentre</a> a una cima (J<small><sub>1</sub></small>, J<small><sub>2</sub></small> e J<small><sub>3</sub></small>) son situats sus un meteis <a href="/wiki/Ceucle" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceucle">ceucle</a>, dich <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceucle_d%27Euler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ceucle d'Euler (la pagina existís pas)">ceucle d'Euler</a>. Mostrèt tanben que l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortocentre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortocentre (la pagina existís pas)">ortocentre</a>, lo centre dau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceucle_circonscrich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ceucle circonscrich (la pagina existís pas)">ceucle circonscrich</a>, lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Centre_de_gravitat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centre de gravitat (la pagina existís pas)">centre de gravitat</a> e lo centre dau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceucle_d%27Euler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ceucle d'Euler (la pagina existís pas)">ceucle d'Euler</a> son alinhats. La drecha que pòrta aquelei ponchs es dicha <a href="/w/index.php?title=Drecha_d%27Euler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drecha d'Euler (la pagina existís pas)">drecha d'Euler</a>. </p><p>Euler introduguèt tanben leis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angles_d%27Euler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angles d'Euler (la pagina existís pas)">angles d'Euler</a> que permèton de descriure l'orientacion d'un solid ò d'un referenciau a respècte d'un trièdre cartesian de referéncia. Aqueleis angles son dichs <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angle_de_precession&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angle de precession (la pagina existís pas)">angle de precession</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angle_de_nutacion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angle de nutacion (la pagina existís pas)">angle de nutacion</a> e de rotacion pròpria. Aqueu sistèma a d'aplicacions importantas en <a href="/wiki/Mecanica_(fisica)" title="Mecanica (fisica)">mecanica</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Teoria_dei_grafs">Teoria dei grafs</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Euler&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modificar la seccion : Teoria dei grafs" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Euler&action=edit&section=12" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Teoria dei grafs"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Konigsberg_bridges.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Konigsberg_bridges.png/220px-Konigsberg_bridges.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Konigsberg_bridges.png 1.5x" data-file-width="302" data-file-height="238" /></a><figcaption>Representacion dau <a href="/wiki/Problema_dei_s%C3%A8t_p%C3%B2nts_de_K%C3%B6nigsberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Problema dei sèt pònts de Königsberg">problema dei sèt pònts de Königsberg</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/wiki/Problema_dei_s%C3%A8t_p%C3%B2nts_de_K%C3%B6nigsberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Problema dei sèt pònts de Königsberg">Problema dei sèt pònts de Königsberg</a>.</div> <p>En <a href="/wiki/1736" class="mw-redirect" title="1736">1736</a>, Euler trobèt la solucion dau <a href="/wiki/Problema_dei_s%C3%A8t_p%C3%B2nts_de_K%C3%B6nigsberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Problema dei sèt pònts de Königsberg">problema dei sèt pònts de Königsberg</a>. La question pausada èra de cercar lo camin permetent de passar un còp per lei sèt pònts situats entre leis illas dau centre de la <a href="/wiki/Vila" title="Vila">vila</a> e de tornar venir a son ponch de partença. Èra enebit de passar dos còps per lo meteis <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B2nt" title="Pònt">pònt</a>. Euler demostrèt l'abséncia de solucion e determinèt la condicion qu'auriá permés son existéncia : que cada ensemble <a href="/wiki/Geografia" title="Geografia">geografic</a> dau problema siegue agantat per un nombre par de <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B2nt" title="Pònt">pònts</a>. Aqueu resultat marquèt la fondacion de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teoria_dei_grafs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teoria dei grafs (la pagina existís pas)">teoria dei grafs</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Matematicas_aplicadas">Matematicas aplicadas</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Euler&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modificar la seccion : Matematicas aplicadas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Euler&action=edit&section=13" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Matematicas aplicadas"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Durant sa carriera, Euler s'interessèt tanben a la resolucion de problemas analitics dins de domenis <a href="/wiki/Sci%C3%A9ncia" title="Sciéncia">scientifics</a> coma la <a href="/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica">fisica</a>. Facilitèt donc la descripcion e l'aplicacion dei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nombre_de_Bernoulli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nombre de Bernoulli (la pagina existís pas)">nombres de Bernoulli</a>, dei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seria_de_Fourier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seria de Fourier (la pagina existís pas)">serias de Fourier</a>, dei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diagrama_de_Venn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diagrama de Venn (la pagina existís pas)">diagramas de Venn</a>, dei <a href="/wiki/Nombre_d%27Euler" class="mw-redirect" title="Nombre d'Euler">nombres d'Euler</a>, dei constantas <i>e</i> e <i>π</i>, dei fraccions, deis <a href="/wiki/Eq%C3%BCacion_diferenciala" class="mw-redirect" title="Eqüacion diferenciala">eqüacions diferencialas</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Formula_d%27Euler-Maclaurin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Formula d'Euler-Maclaurin (la pagina existís pas)">formula d'Euler-Maclaurin</a>) e deis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Integrala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Integrala (la pagina existís pas)">integralas</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Met%C3%B2de_d%27Euler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metòde d'Euler (la pagina existís pas)">metòde d'Euler</a>). Desvolopèt egalament d'otís permetent de melhorar la representacion d'un problema fisic. </p><p>Estudièt tanben l'aplicacion dei <a href="/wiki/Matematicas" title="Matematicas">matematicas</a> a la <a href="/wiki/Musica" title="Musica">musica</a>. En particular, redigiguèt en <a href="/wiki/1739" class="mw-redirect" title="1739">1739</a> una teoria matematica de la <a href="/wiki/Musica" title="Musica">musica</a> (<i>Tentamen novæ theoriæ musicæ</i>). Pasmens, aquela partida de son trabalh recebèt gaire d'atencion tant de part dei musicians que dei <a href="/wiki/Matematician" title="Matematician">matematicians</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fisica">Fisica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Euler&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modificar la seccion : Fisica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Euler&action=edit&section=14" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Fisica"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Euler participèt tanben au desvolopament de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mecanica_dei_fluids&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mecanica dei fluids (la pagina existís pas)">mecanica dei fluids</a>, de l'<a href="/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia">astronomia</a> e de l'<a href="/wiki/Optica" title="Optica">optica</a>. Dins lo premier domeni, participèt a l'elaboracion de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teoria_d%27Euler-Bernoulli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teoria d'Euler-Bernoulli (la pagina existís pas)">teoria d'Euler-Bernoulli</a> qu'es un modèl utilizat en resisténcia dei materiaus. En <a href="/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia">astronomia</a>, calculèt l'<a href="/wiki/Orbita" title="Orbita">orbita</a> de divèrseis objèctes coma de <a href="/wiki/Cometa" title="Cometa">cometas</a>. Aquò permetèt de melhorar lei conoissenças sus la natura dei cometas. Enfin, en <a href="/wiki/Optica" title="Optica">optica</a>, critiquèt la teoria corpusculària de <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Newton</a>. Son trabalh favorizèt l'adopcion de la teoria ondulatòria prepausada per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Huygens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian Huygens (la pagina existís pas)">Christian Huygens</a> que dominèt la <a href="/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica">fisica</a> fins a l'aparicion de la <a href="/wiki/Mecanica_quantica" title="Mecanica quantica">mecanica quantica</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Logica">Logica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Euler&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modificar la seccion : Logica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Euler&action=edit&section=15" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Logica"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diagramas_d%27Euler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diagramas d'Euler (la pagina existís pas)">Diagramas d'Euler</a>.</div> <p>Euler es tanben coneguda per aver illustrat, amb l'ajuda de corbas sarradas, lo rasonament <a href="/wiki/Sillogisme" title="Sillogisme">sillogistica</a>. Per aquò, prepausèt un ensemble de diagramas matematics que son desenant dichs <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diagramas_d%27Euler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diagramas d'Euler (la pagina existís pas)">diagramas d'Euler</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Filosofia">Filosofia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Euler&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modificar la seccion : Filosofia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Euler&action=edit&section=16" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Filosofia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Educat segon lei principis dau <a href="/wiki/Protestantisme" title="Protestantisme">protestantisme</a>, Euler èra un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Te%C3%AFsme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teïsme (la pagina existís pas)">teïsta</a> convencut que s'opausèt fòrça a l'<a href="/wiki/Ate%C3%AFsme" title="Ateïsme">ateïsme</a>. En particular, combateguèt lei tèsis dau <a href="/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia">filosòf</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Wolff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian Wolff (la pagina existís pas)">Christian Wolff</a> (<a href="/wiki/1679" class="mw-redirect" title="1679">1679</a>-<a href="/wiki/1754" class="mw-redirect" title="1754">1754</a>). Foguèt tanben un adversari de la teoria metafisica exprimida per <a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz">Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz</a> (<a href="/wiki/1646" class="mw-redirect" title="1646">1646</a>-<a href="/wiki/1716" class="mw-redirect" title="1716">1716</a>) dins la <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monadologia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monadologia (la pagina existís pas)">Monadologia</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Onors_e_guierdons">Onors e guierdons</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Euler&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modificar la seccion : Onors e guierdons" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Euler&action=edit&section=17" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Onors e guierdons"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Euler es considerat coma una personalitat majora de l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ist%C3%B2ria_dei_matematicas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Istòria dei matematicas (la pagina existís pas)">istòria dei matematicas</a> e son nom es estat donat a un nombre fòrça important d'objèctes ò de proprietats <a href="/wiki/Matematicas" title="Matematicas">matematics</a> ò <a href="/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica">fisics</a>. Son trabalh venguèt la basa de desvolopaments importants durant lo sègle XIX e sei descubèrtas son desenant una partida importanta dei programas d'ensenhaments avançats dei <a href="/wiki/Matematicas" title="Matematicas">matematicas</a>. En causa d'aquela importància, Euler es l'objècte de mai d'un onor. Per exemple, son nom foguèt donat a l'<a href="/wiki/Astero%C3%AFde" title="Asteroïde">asteroïde</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=(2002)_Euler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="(2002) Euler (la pagina existís pas)">(2002) Euler</a> (descubèrt en <a href="/wiki/1973" title="1973">1973</a>) ò a un <a href="/wiki/Crat%C3%A8r" class="mw-disambig" title="Cratèr">cratèr</a> <a href="/wiki/Luna" title="Luna">luna</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Annèxs"><span id="Ann.C3.A8xs"></span>Annèxs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Euler&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Modificar la seccion : Annèxs" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Euler&action=edit&section=18" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Annèxs"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liames_intèrnes"><span id="Liames_int.C3.A8rnes"></span>Liames intèrnes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Euler&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Modificar la seccion : Liames intèrnes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Euler&action=edit&section=19" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Liames intèrnes"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angles_d%27Euler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angles d'Euler (la pagina existís pas)">Angles d'Euler</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceucle_d%27Euler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ceucle d'Euler (la pagina existís pas)">Ceucle d'Euler</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crit%C3%A8ri_d%27Euler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Critèri d'Euler (la pagina existís pas)">Critèri d'Euler</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diagrama_d%27Euler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diagrama d'Euler (la pagina existís pas)">Diagrama d'Euler</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drecha_d%27Euler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drecha d'Euler (la pagina existís pas)">Drecha d'Euler</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eq%C3%BCacions_d%27Euler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eqüacions d'Euler (la pagina existís pas)">Eqüacions d'Euler</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foncion_exponenciala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foncion exponenciala (la pagina existís pas)">Foncion exponenciala</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formula_d%27Euler" title="Formula d'Euler">Formula d'Euler</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Formula_d%27Euler-Maclaurin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Formula d'Euler-Maclaurin (la pagina existís pas)">Formula d'Euler-Maclaurin</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identitat_d%27Euler" title="Identitat d'Euler">Identitat d'Euler</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Met%C3%B2de_d%27Euler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metòde d'Euler (la pagina existís pas)">Metòde d'Euler</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E_(nombre)" title="E (nombre)">Nombre d'Euler</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Problema_dei_s%C3%A8t_ponts_de_K%C3%B6nigsberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Problema dei sèt ponts de Königsberg (la pagina existís pas)">Problema dei sèt ponts de Königsberg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teor%C3%A8ma_d%27Euler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teorèma d'Euler (la pagina existís pas)">Teorèma d'Euler</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teoria_d%27Euler-Bernoulli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teoria d'Euler-Bernoulli (la pagina existís pas)">Teoria d'Euler-Bernoulli</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Euler&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Modificar la seccion : Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Euler&action=edit&section=20" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Bibliografia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nòtas_e_referéncias"><span id="N.C3.B2tas_e_refer.C3.A9ncias"></span>Nòtas e referéncias</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Euler&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Modificar la seccion : Nòtas e referéncias" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhard_Euler&action=edit&section=21" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Nòtas e referéncias"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Prononciation en <a href="/wiki/Alemand" title="Alemand">alemand</a>: [ˈɔʏlɐ].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul Euler aviá egalament seguit lei cors de <a href="/wiki/Jakob_Bernoulli" class="mw-redirect" title="Jakob Bernoulli">Jakob Bernoulli</a> (<a href="/wiki/1654" class="mw-redirect" title="1654">1654</a>-<a href="/wiki/1705" class="mw-redirect" title="1705">1705</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">D'efiech, Paul Euler auriá preferit veire son fiu s'orientar vèrs la <a href="/wiki/Teologia" title="Teologia">teologia</a>, lo <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A8c" class="mw-redirect" title="Grèc">grèc</a> e l'<a href="/wiki/Ebrieu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebrieu">ebrieu</a> per venir pastor.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">En particular, venguèt conservator de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kunstkamera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kunstkamera (la pagina existís pas)">Kunstkamera</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Aquò èra la consequéncia d'una <a href="/wiki/Malauti%C3%A1" title="Malautiá">malautiá</a> grèva contractada en <a href="/wiki/1735" class="mw-redirect" title="1735">1735</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dins lei fachs, lo nombre de « publicacions » d'Euler aumentèt durant sa carriera. Per exemple, en <a href="/wiki/1775" class="mw-redirect" title="1775">1775</a>, èra capable d'emetre un document cada setmana (B. F. Finkel, « Biography- Leonard Euler », <i>Amer. Math. Month.</i>, vol. 4, no 12, 1897, p. 300).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Es tanben de còps dich <a href="/wiki/Constanta_de_Neper" class="mw-redirect" title="Constanta de Neper">constanta de Neper</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Carl B. Boyer, <i>A History of Mathematics</i>, John Wiley & Sons, 1991, pp. 439-445.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pasmens, aquela relacion foguèt pas descubèrta per Euler. D'efiech, èra ja coneguda per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Cotes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roger Cotes (la pagina existís pas)">Roger Cotes</a> (<a href="/wiki/1682" class="mw-redirect" title="1682">1682</a>-<a href="/wiki/1716" class="mw-redirect" title="1716">1716</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Gerald Alexanderson, « Euler and Königsberg's bridges: a historical view », <i>Bull. Amer. Math. Soc.</i>, vol. 43, julhet de 2006, p. 567.</span> </li> </ol> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.codfw.main‐6448b69694‐26hdr Cached time: 20241031111108 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.106 seconds Real time usage: 0.179 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 687/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1207/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 552/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 7/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 4245/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.003/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 634688/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 55.702 1 -total 34.96% 19.476 2 Modèl:Veire 30.24% 16.844 1 Modèl:1000_fondamentals 27.35% 15.233 2 Modèl:Multiparamètres-Ligam 26.90% 14.982 2 Modèl:Icòna_de_títol 10.58% 5.894 1 Modèl:Èr 8.50% 4.735 1 Modèl:Dialècte_Provençau 7.53% 4.196 1 Modèl:Exp --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key ocwiki:pcache:idhash:69699-0!canonical and timestamp 20241031111108 and revision id 2448260. 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