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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: Anwar H. Jarndal</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Anwar H. Jarndal"> <meta name="keywords" content="Anwar H. Jarndal"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Anwar H. 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Jarndal"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 37</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Anwar H. Jarndal</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> Fractional-Order Modeling of GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors for Switching Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Anwar%20H.%20Jarndal">Anwar H. Jarndal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmed%20S.%20Elwakil"> Ahmed S. Elwakil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a fraction-order model for pad parasitic effect of GaN HEMT on Si substrate is developed and validated. Open de-embedding structure is used to characterize and de-embed substrate loading parasitic effects. Unbiased device measurements are implemented to extract parasitic inductances and resistances. The model shows very good simulation for S-parameter measurements under different bias conditions. It has been found that this approach can improve the simulation of intrinsic part of the transistor, which is very important for small- and large-signal modeling process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fractional-order%20modeling" title="Fractional-order modeling">Fractional-order modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=GaN%20HEMT" title=" GaN HEMT"> GaN HEMT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Si-substrate" title=" Si-substrate"> Si-substrate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=open%20de-embedding%20structure." title=" open de-embedding structure."> open de-embedding structure.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004797/fractional-order-modeling-of-gan-high-electron-mobility-transistors-for-switching-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004797/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004797/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004797/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004797/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004797/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004797/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004797/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004797/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004797/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004797/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004797.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1112</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> A Genetic-Neural-Network Modeling Approach for Self-Heating in GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Anwar%20Jarndal">Anwar Jarndal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper, a genetic-neural-network (GNN) based large-signal model for GaN HEMTs is presented along with its parameters extraction procedure. The model is easy to construct and implement in CAD software and requires only DC and S-parameter measurements. An improved decomposition technique is used to model self-heating effect. Two GNN models are constructed to simulate isothermal drain current and power dissipation, respectively. The two model are then composed to simulate the drain current. The modeling procedure was applied to a packaged GaN-on-Si HEMT and the developed model is validated by comparing its large-signal simulation with measured data. A very good agreement between the simulation and measurement is obtained.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=GaN%20HEMT" title="GaN HEMT">GaN HEMT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=computer-aided%20design%20%26%20modeling" title=" computer-aided design & modeling"> computer-aided design & modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=neural%20networks" title=" neural networks"> neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=genetic%20optimization." title=" genetic optimization."> genetic optimization.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003700/a-genetic-neural-network-modeling-approach-for-self-heating-in-gan-high-electron-mobility-transistors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003700/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003700/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003700/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003700/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003700/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003700/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003700/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003700/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003700/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003700/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003700.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1659</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> Weight-Based Query Optimization System Using Buffer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kashif%20Irfan">Kashif Irfan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fahad%20Shahbaz%20Khan"> Fahad Shahbaz Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tehseen%20Zia"> Tehseen Zia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20A.%20Anwar"> M. A. Anwar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fast retrieval of data has been a need of user in any database application. This paper introduces a buffer based query optimization technique in which queries are assigned weights according to their number of execution in a query bank. These queries and their optimized executed plans are loaded into the buffer at the start of the database application. For every query the system searches for a match in the buffer and executes the plan without creating new plans. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Query%20Bank" title="Query Bank">Query Bank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Query%20Matcher" title=" Query Matcher"> Query Matcher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Weight%20Manager." title=" Weight Manager."> Weight Manager.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6013/weight-based-query-optimization-system-using-buffer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6013/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6013/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6013/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6013/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6013/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6013/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6013/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6013/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6013/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6013/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6013.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1261</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Implications about the Impact of COVID-19 on International Trade in Saudi Arabia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Anwar%20Kashgari">Anwar Kashgari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>COVID-19 has severe impacts on business all over the world. The great lockdown of many business owners requires a sage deal with this pandemic. This paper seeks to support business leaders with a standpoint about the COVID-19 situation and provides implications for the SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises) and companies. The paper reflects the author's view about the impact of COVID-19 on business activities. We discussed the impact of COVID-19 upon three aspects, namely, startups, SMEs, and e-commerce. The KSA is taken as an example of the developing countries about which we present the current situation. Finally, recommendations to policy and decision-makers are given.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=business%20networking" title=" business networking"> business networking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=globalization" title=" globalization"> globalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Saudi%20Arabia." title=" Saudi Arabia."> Saudi Arabia.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013045/implications-about-the-impact-of-covid-19-on-international-trade-in-saudi-arabia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013045/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013045/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013045/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013045/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013045/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013045/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013045/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013045/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013045/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013045/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10013045.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">496</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> Synthesis and Characterization of Chromium (III) Complexes with L-Glutamic Acid, Glycine and LCysteine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kun%20Sri%20Budiasih">Kun Sri Budiasih</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chairil%20Anwar"> Chairil Anwar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sri%20Juari%20Santosa"> Sri Juari Santosa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hilda%20Ismail"> Hilda Ismail</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Some Chromium (III) complexes were synthesized with three amino acids: L Glutamic Acid, Glycine, and L-cysteine as the ligands, in order to provide a new supplement containing Cr(III) for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The complexes have been prepared by refluxing a mixture of Chromium(III) chloride in aqueous solution with L-glutamic acid, Glycine, and L-cysteine after pH adjustment by sodium hydroxide. These complexes were characterized by Infrared and Uv-Vis spectrophotometer and Elemental analyzer. The product yields of four products were 87.50 and 56.76% for Cr-Glu complexes, 46.70% for Cr-Gly complex and 40.08% for Cr-Cys complex respectively. The predicted structure of the complexes are [Cr(glu)2(H2O)2].xH2O, Cr(gly)3..xH2O and Cr(cys)3.xH2O., respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cr%28III%29" title="Cr(III)">Cr(III)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=L-Cysteine%20L-glutamic%20Acid" title=" L-Cysteine L-glutamic Acid"> L-Cysteine L-glutamic Acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Glycine" title=" Glycine"> Glycine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=complexation." title=" complexation."> complexation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15098/synthesis-and-characterization-of-chromium-iii-complexes-with-l-glutamic-acid-glycine-and-lcysteine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15098/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15098/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15098/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15098/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15098/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15098/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15098/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15098/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15098/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15098/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15098.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">5148</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> An E-learning System Architecture based on Cloud Computing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Md.%20Anwar%20Hossain%20Masud">Md. Anwar Hossain Masud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Xiaodi%20Huang"> Xiaodi Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The massive proliferation of affordable computers, Internet broadband connectivity and rich education content has created a global phenomenon in which information and communication technology (ICT) is being used to transform education. Therefore, there is a need to redesign the educational system to meet the needs better. The advent of computers with sophisticated software has made it possible to solve many complex problems very fast and at a lower cost. This paper introduces the characteristics of the current E-Learning and then analyses the concept of cloud computing and describes the architecture of cloud computing platform by combining the features of E-Learning. The authors have tried to introduce cloud computing to e-learning, build an e-learning cloud, and make an active research and exploration for it from the following aspects: architecture, construction method and external interface with the model.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Architecture" title="Architecture">Architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cloud%20Computing" title=" Cloud Computing"> Cloud Computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=E-learning" title=" E-learning"> E-learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Information%20Technology" title=" Information Technology"> Information Technology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1057/an-e-learning-system-architecture-based-on-cloud-computing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1057/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1057/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1057/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1057/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1057/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1057/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1057/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1057/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1057/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1057/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1057.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">11071</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> Deficiencies of Lung Segmentation Techniques using CT Scan Images for CAD</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nisar%20Ahmed%20Memon">Nisar Ahmed Memon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Anwar%20Majid%20Mirza"> Anwar Majid Mirza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.A.M.%20Gilani"> S.A.M. Gilani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Segmentation is an important step in medical image analysis and classification for radiological evaluation or computer aided diagnosis. This paper presents the problem of inaccurate lung segmentation as observed in algorithms presented by researchers working in the area of medical image analysis. The different lung segmentation techniques have been tested using the dataset of 19 patients consisting of a total of 917 images. We obtained datasets of 11 patients from Ackron University, USA and of 8 patients from AGA Khan Medical University, Pakistan. After testing the algorithms against datasets, the deficiencies of each algorithm have been highlighted. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Computer%20Aided%20Diagnosis%20%28CAD%29" title="Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD)">Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MathematicalMorphology" title=" MathematicalMorphology"> MathematicalMorphology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Medical%20Image%20Analysis" title=" Medical Image Analysis"> Medical Image Analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Region%20Growing" title=" Region Growing"> Region Growing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Segmentation" title="Segmentation">Segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thresholding" title=" Thresholding"> Thresholding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=" title=""></a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6510/deficiencies-of-lung-segmentation-techniques-using-ct-scan-images-for-cad" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6510/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6510/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6510/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6510/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6510/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6510/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6510/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6510/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6510/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6510/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6510.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2340</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> Review and Experiments on SDMSCue</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ashraf%20Anwar">Ashraf Anwar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, I present a review on Sparse Distributed Memory for Small Cues (SDMSCue), a variant of Sparse Distributed Memory (SDM) that is capable of handling small cues. I then conduct and show some cognitive experiments on SDMSCue to test its cognitive soundness compared to SDM. Small cues refer to input cues that are presented to memory for reading associations; but have many missing parts or fields from them. The original SDM failed to handle such a problem. SDMSCue handles and overcomes this pitfall. The main idea in SDMSCue; is the repeated projection of the semantic space on smaller subspaces; that are selected based on the input cue length and pattern. This process allows for Read/Write operations using an input cue that is missing a large portion. SDMSCue is augmented with the use of genetic algorithms for memory allocation and initialization. I claim that SDM functionality is a subset of SDMSCue functionality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Artificial%20intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">Artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=recall" title=" recall"> recall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=recognition" title=" recognition"> recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SDM" title=" SDM"> SDM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SDMSCue." title="SDMSCue.">SDMSCue.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8312/review-and-experiments-on-sdmscue" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8312/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8312/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8312/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8312/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8312/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8312/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8312/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8312/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8312/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8312/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8312.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1373</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> A Concept of Successful Collaborative Design towards Sustainability of Project Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yani%20Rahmawati">Yani Rahmawati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nadjadji%20Anwar"> Nadjadji Anwar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Christiono%20Utomo"> Christiono Utomo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Development in construction industry is leading to involve complexities in engineering systems; whereas it also required to its sustainability towards social, environmental, and economical aspects. Experts with requisite background and expertise are involved in order to integrate knowledge in achieving whole criteria through design process. Collaborative design is needed in order to attain optimum design through shared solution and goal from experts. This study is conducted to explore issues and approaches development of collaborative design research in construction and its influence to sustainability of the development. Literature review method is used in order to conceptually figure future research direction of collaborative design research. This research is a part of beginning process in doctoral research program, and will be used to support dissertation’s conceptual definition.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Collaborative%20design" title="Collaborative design">Collaborative design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=multi-discipline%20design" title=" multi-discipline design"> multi-discipline design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=design%20process" title=" design process"> design process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sustainability%20of%20project%20development." title=" sustainability of project development."> sustainability of project development.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997067/a-concept-of-successful-collaborative-design-towards-sustainability-of-project-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997067/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997067/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997067/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997067/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997067/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997067/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997067/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997067/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997067/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997067/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997067.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2228</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Parameters Used in Gateway Selection Schemes for Internet Connected MANETs: A Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zainab%20S.%20Mahmood">Zainab S. Mahmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aisha%20H.%20Abdalla"> Aisha H. Abdalla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wan%20Haslina%20Hassan"> Wan Haslina Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Farhat%20Anwar"> Farhat Anwar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The wide use of the Internet-based applications bring many challenges to the researchers to guarantee the continuity of the connections needed by the mobile hosts and provide reliable Internet access for them. One of proposed solutions by Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is to connect the local, multi-hop, and infrastructure-less Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) with Internet structure. This connection is done through multi-interface devices known as Internet Gateways. Many issues are related to this connection like gateway discovery, handoff, address auto-configuration and selecting the optimum gateway when multiple gateways exist. Many studies were done proposing gateway selection schemes with a single selection criterion or weighted multiple criteria. In this research, a review of some of these schemes is done showing the differences, the features, the challenges and the drawbacks of each of them.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Internet%20Gateway" title="Internet Gateway">Internet Gateway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MANET" title=" MANET"> MANET</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mobility" title=" Mobility"> Mobility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Selection%20criteria." title=" Selection criteria."> Selection criteria.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000809/parameters-used-in-gateway-selection-schemes-for-internet-connected-manets-a-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000809/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000809/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000809/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000809/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000809/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000809/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000809/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000809/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000809/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000809/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000809.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> Isolation and Molecular Identification of Two Fungal Strains Capable of Degrading Hydrocarbon Contaminants on Saudi Arabian Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Amr%20A.%20El%20Hanafy">Amr A. El Hanafy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yasir%20Anwar"> Yasir Anwar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Saleh%20A.%20Mohamed"> Saleh A. Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Saleh%20Mohamed%20Saleh%20Al-Garni"> Saleh Mohamed Saleh Al-Garni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jamal%20S.%20M.%20Sabir"> Jamal S. M. Sabir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Osama%20A.%20H.%20Abu%20Zinadah"> Osama A. H. Abu Zinadah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohamed%20Morsi%20Ahmed"> Mohamed Morsi Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In the vicinity of red sea about 15 fungi species were isolated from oil contaminated sites. On the basis of aptitude to degrade the crude oil and DCPIP assay, two fungal isolates were selected amongst 15 oil degrading strains. Analysis of ITS-1, ITS-2 and amplicon pyrosequencing studies of fungal diversity revealed that these strains belong to Penicillium and Aspergillus species. Two strains that proved to be the most efficient in degrading crude oil was Aspergillus niger (54%) and Penicillium commune (48%) Subsequent to two weeks of cultivation in BHS medium the degradation rate were recorded by using spectrophotometer and GC-MS. Hence, it is cleared that these fungal strains has capability of degradation and can be utilize for cleaning the Saudi Arabian environment.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fungal%20strains" title="Fungal strains">Fungal strains</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=hydrocarbon%20contaminants" title=" hydrocarbon contaminants"> hydrocarbon contaminants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=molecular%0D%0Aidentification" title=" molecular identification"> molecular identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=biodegradation" title=" biodegradation"> biodegradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=GC-MS." title=" GC-MS."> GC-MS.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003006/isolation-and-molecular-identification-of-two-fungal-strains-capable-of-degrading-hydrocarbon-contaminants-on-saudi-arabian-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003006/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003006/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003006/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003006/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003006/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003006/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003006/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003006/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003006/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003006/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003006.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2926</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> The Effects of Knowledge Management on Human Capital towards Organizational Innovation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wan%20Norhayate%20Wan%20Daud">Wan Norhayate Wan Daud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fakhrul%20Anwar%20Zainol"> Fakhrul Anwar Zainol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Maslina%20Mansor"> Maslina Mansor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The study was conducted to produce case studies from the Malaysian public universities stands point East Coast of Malaysia. The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of knowledge management on human capital toward organizational innovation. The focus point of this study is on the management member in the faculties of these three Malaysian Public Universities in the East Coast state of Peninsular Malaysia. In this case, respondents who agreed to further participate in the research will be invited to a one-hour face-to-face semi-structured, in-depth interview. As a result, the sample size for this study was 3 deans of Faculty of Management. Lastly, this study tries to recommend the framework of organizational innovation in Malaysian Public Universities.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Human%20Capital" title="Human Capital">Human Capital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Knowledge%20Management" title=" Knowledge Management"> Knowledge Management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Organizational%20Innovation" title=" Organizational Innovation"> Organizational Innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Public%20University." title=" Public University."> Public University.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999781/the-effects-of-knowledge-management-on-human-capital-towards-organizational-innovation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999781/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999781/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999781/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999781/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999781/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999781/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999781/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999781/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999781/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999781/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999781.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Decoder Design for a New Single Error Correcting/Double Error Detecting Code </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20T.%20Anwar">M. T. Anwar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20K.%20Lala"> P. K. Lala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P.%20Thenappan"> P. Thenappan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the decoder design for the single error correcting and double error detecting code proposed by the authors in an earlier paper. The speed of error detection and correction of a code is largely dependent upon the associated encoder and decoder circuits. The complexity and the speed of such circuits are determined by the number of 1?s in the parity check matrix (PCM). The number of 1?s in the parity check matrix for the code proposed by the authors are fewer than in any currently known single error correcting/double error detecting code. This results in simplified encoding and decoding circuitry for error detection and correction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Decoder" title="Decoder">Decoder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hsiao%20code" title=" Hsiao code"> Hsiao code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Parity%20Check%20Matrix" title=" Parity Check Matrix"> Parity Check Matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Syndrome%20Pattern." title=" Syndrome Pattern."> Syndrome Pattern.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/926/decoder-design-for-a-new-single-error-correctingdouble-error-detecting-code" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/926/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/926/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/926/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/926/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/926/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/926/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/926/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/926/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/926/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/926/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/926.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2080</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Distortion Estimation in Digital Image Watermarking using Genetic Programming</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Labiba%20Gilani">Labiba Gilani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Asifullah%20Khan"> Asifullah Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Anwar%20M.%20Mirza"> Anwar M. Mirza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper introduces a technique of distortion estimation in image watermarking using Genetic Programming (GP). The distortion is estimated by considering the problem of obtaining a distorted watermarked signal from the original watermarked signal as a function regression problem. This function regression problem is solved using GP, where the original watermarked signal is considered as an independent variable. GP-based distortion estimation scheme is checked for Gaussian attack and Jpeg compression attack. We have used Gaussian attacks of different strengths by changing the standard deviation. JPEG compression attack is also varied by adding various distortions. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed technique is able to detect the watermark even in the case of strong distortions and is more robust against attacks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Blind%20Watermarking" title="Blind Watermarking">Blind Watermarking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Genetic%20Programming%20%28GP%29" title=" Genetic Programming (GP)"> Genetic Programming (GP)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fitness%20Function" title=" Fitness Function"> Fitness Function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Discrete%20Cosine%20Transform%20%28DCT%29." title=" Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT)."> Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT).</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2365/distortion-estimation-in-digital-image-watermarking-using-genetic-programming" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2365/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2365/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2365/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2365/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2365/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2365/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2365/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2365/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2365/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2365/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2365.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1710</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> Role of Investment in the Course of Economic Growth in Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Maqbool%20Hussain%20Sial">Maqbool Hussain Sial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Maaida%20Hussain%20Hashmi"> Maaida Hussain Hashmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sofia%20Anwar"> Sofia Anwar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present research was focused to investigate the role of investment in the course of economic growth with reference to Pakistan. The study analyzed the role of the public and private investment and impact of the political and macroeconomic uncertainty on economic growth of Pakistan by using the vector autoregressive approach (VAR). In long-run both public and private investment showed a positive impact on economic growth but the growth was largely driven by private investment as compared to public investment. Government consumption expenditure, economic uncertainty and political instability hampered the economic growth of Pakistan. In short-run the private investment positively influences the growth but there was negative and insignificant effect of the public investment and government consumption expenditure on the growth. There was a positive relationship found between economic uncertainty (proxy for inflation) and GDP in short run. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Investment" title="Investment">Investment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Government%20Consumption" title=" Government Consumption"> Government Consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Growth" title="Growth">Growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Co-integration" title=" Co-integration"> Co-integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pakistan." title=" Pakistan."> Pakistan.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3259/role-of-investment-in-the-course-of-economic-growth-in-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3259/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3259/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3259/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3259/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3259/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3259/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3259/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3259/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3259/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3259/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3259.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Study of Tribological Behaviour of Al6061/Silicon Carbide/Graphite Hybrid Metal Matrix Composite Using Taguchi's Techniques</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohamed%20Zakaulla">Mohamed Zakaulla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20R.%20Anwar%20Khan"> A. R. Anwar Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Al6061 alloy base matrix, reinforced with particles of silicon carbide (10 wt %) and Graphite powder (1wt%), known as hybrid composites have been fabricated by liquid metallurgy route (stir casting technique) and optimized at different parameters like applied load, sliding speed and sliding distance by taguchi method. A plan of experiment generated through taguchi technique was used to perform experiments based on L27 orthogonal array. The developed ANOVA and regression equations are used to find the optimum coefficient of friction and wear under the influence of applied load, sliding speed and sliding distance. On the basis of “smaller the best” the dry sliding wear resistance was analysed and finally confirmation tests were carried out to verify the experimental results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Analysis%20of%20variance" title="Analysis of variance">Analysis of variance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=dry%20sliding%20wear" title=" dry sliding wear"> dry sliding wear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hybrid%0D%0Acomposite" title=" Hybrid composite"> Hybrid composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=orthogonal%20array" title=" orthogonal array"> orthogonal array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Taguchi%20technique." title=" Taguchi technique."> Taguchi technique.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001549/study-of-tribological-behaviour-of-al6061silicon-carbidegraphite-hybrid-metal-matrix-composite-using-taguchis-techniques" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001549/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001549/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001549/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001549/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001549/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001549/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001549/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001549/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001549/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001549/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001549.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2704</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Effect of Neighborhood Size on Negative Weights in Punctual Kriging Based Image Restoration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Asmatullah%20Chaudhry">Asmatullah Chaudhry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Anwar%20M.%20Mirza"> Anwar M. Mirza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>We present a general comparison of punctual kriging based image restoration for different neighbourhood sizes. The formulation of the technique under consideration is based on punctual kriging and fuzzy concepts for image restoration in spatial domain. Three different neighbourhood windows are considered to estimate the semivariance at different lags for studying its effect in reduction of negative weights resulted in punctual kriging, consequently restoration of degraded images. Our results show that effect of neighbourhood size higher than 5x5 on reduction in negative weights is insignificant. In addition, image quality measures, such as structure similarity indices, peak signal to noise ratios and the new variogram based quality measures; show that 3x3 window size gives better performance as compared with larger window sizes.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Image%20restoration" title="Image restoration">Image restoration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=punctual%20kriging" title=" punctual kriging"> punctual kriging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=semi-variance" title=" semi-variance"> semi-variance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=structure%20similarity%20index" title=" structure similarity index"> structure similarity index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=negative%20weights%20in%20punctual%20kriging." title=" negative weights in punctual kriging."> negative weights in punctual kriging.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6247/effect-of-neighborhood-size-on-negative-weights-in-punctual-kriging-based-image-restoration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6247/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6247/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6247/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6247/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6247/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6247/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6247/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6247/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6247/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6247/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6247.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2358</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Modal Propagation Properties of Elliptical Core Optical Fibers Considering Stress-Optic Effects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Shah%20Alam">M. Shah Alam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sarkar%20Rahat%20M.%20Anwar"> Sarkar Rahat M. Anwar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of thermally induced stress on the modal properties of highly elliptical core optical fibers is studied in this work using a finite element method. The stress analysis is carried out and anisotropic refractive index change is calculated using both the conventional plane strain approximation and the generalized plane strain approach. After considering the stress optical effect, the modal analysis of the fiber is performed to obtain the solutions of fundamental and higher order modes. The modal effective index, modal birefringence, group effective index, group birefringence, and dispersion of different modes of the fiber are presented. For propagation properties, it can be seen that the results depend much on the approach of stress analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Birefringence" title="Birefringence">Birefringence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=dispersion" title=" dispersion"> dispersion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=elliptical%20core%20fiber" title=" elliptical core fiber"> elliptical core fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=optical%20mode%20analysis" title="optical mode analysis">optical mode analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=stress-optic%20effect" title=" stress-optic effect"> stress-optic effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=stress%20analysis." title=" stress analysis."> stress analysis.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4157/modal-propagation-properties-of-elliptical-core-optical-fibers-considering-stress-optic-effects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4157/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4157/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4157/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4157/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4157/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4157/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4157/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4157/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4157/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4157/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4157.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Investigating the Possible use of Session Initiation Protocol for Extending Mobility Service to the Biomedical Engineers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Anwar%20Sadat">Anwar Sadat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Today, the Internet based communication has widen the opportunity of event monitoring system in the medical field. There is always a need of analyzing and designing secure and reliable mobile communication between the hospital and biomedical engineers mobile units. This study has been carried out to find possible solution using SIP-based event notification for alerting the technical staff about the Biomedical Device (BMD) status and Patients treatment session. The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) can be used to create a medical event notification system. SIP can work on a variety of devices. Its adoption as the protocol of choice for third generation wireless networks allows for a robust and scalable environment. One of the advantages of SIP is that it supports personal mobility through the separation of user addressing and device addressing. The solution for Telemed alert notification system is based on SIP - Specific Event Notification. The aim of this project is to extend mobility service to the hospital technicians who are using Telemedicine system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Biomedical" title="Biomedical">Biomedical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mobility%20Service" title=" Mobility Service"> Mobility Service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Notify" title=" Notify"> Notify</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Proxy%20Server" title=" Proxy Server"> Proxy Server</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SIP" title="SIP">SIP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Subscribe" title=" Subscribe"> Subscribe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Telemedicine." title=" Telemedicine."> Telemedicine.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4964/investigating-the-possible-use-of-session-initiation-protocol-for-extending-mobility-service-to-the-biomedical-engineers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4964/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4964/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4964/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4964/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4964/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4964/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4964/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4964/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4964/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4964/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4964.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1800</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Effect of Greywater Irrigation on Air-Water Interfacial area in Porous Medium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20H.%20M.%20Faisal%20Anwar">A. H. M. Faisal Anwar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this study, the effect of greywater irrigation on airwater interfacial area is investigated. Several soil column experiments were conducted for different greywater irrigation to develop the pressure-saturation curves. Surface tension was measured for different greywater concentration and fitted for Gibbs adsorption equation. Pressure-saturation curves show that the reduction of capillary rise stops when it reaches its critical micelle concentration (CMC). A simple theory is derived from pressure-saturation curves for calculating air-water interfacial area in porous medium during greywater irrigation by introducing a term 'hydraulic radius' for the pores. This term diminishes any effect of pore shapes on the air-water interfacial area. The air-water interfacial area was calculated using the pressure-saturation curves and found that it decreases with increasing moisture content. But no significant effect was observed on air-water interfacial area for different greywater irrigation. A maximum of 10% variation in interfacial area was observed at the residual saturation zone.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Greywater" title="Greywater">Greywater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Irrigation" title=" Irrigation"> Irrigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Interfacial%20area" title=" Interfacial area"> Interfacial area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Surface%20tension" title=" Surface tension"> Surface tension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Porous%20medium." title=" Porous medium."> Porous medium.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2375/effect-of-greywater-irrigation-on-air-water-interfacial-area-in-porous-medium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2375/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2375/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2375/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2375/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2375/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2375/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2375/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2375/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2375/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2375/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2375.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1703</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Impact of Brand Origin on Brand Loyalty: A Case of Personal Care Products in Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aimen%20Batool%20Bint-E-Rashid">Aimen Batool Bint-E-Rashid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Syed%20Muhammad%20Dawood%20Ali%20Shah"> Syed Muhammad Dawood Ali Shah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Usman%20Farooq"> Muhammad Usman Farooq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mahgul%20Anwar"> Mahgul Anwar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>As the world is progressing, the needs and demands of the consumer market are also changing. Nowadays the trends of consumer purchase decisions are dependent upon multiple factors. This study aims to identify the influential impact of country of origin over the perception and devotion towards daily personal care products specifically in reference to the knowledge and awareness regarding that particular brand in Pakistan. To corroborate this study, a 30-item brand origin questionnaire has been used with 300 purchase decision makers belonging to different age groups. To illustrate this study, a model has been developed based on brand origin, brand awareness and brand loyalty. Correlation and regression analysis have been used to find out the results which conclude the findings on the perspective of Pakistan’s consumer market as that brand origin has a direct relationship with brand loyalty provided that the consumer has a positive brand awareness. Support for the fact that brand origin impacts brand loyalty through brand awareness has been presented in this study.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Brand%20awareness" title="Brand awareness">Brand awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=brand%20loyalty" title=" brand loyalty"> brand loyalty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=brand%20origin" title=" brand origin"> brand origin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=personal%20care%20products" title=" personal care products"> personal care products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=P%26G" title=" P&G"> P&G</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Unilever." title=" Unilever. "> Unilever. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009377/impact-of-brand-origin-on-brand-loyalty-a-case-of-personal-care-products-in-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009377/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009377/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009377/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009377/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009377/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009377/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009377/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009377/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009377/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009377/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009377.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1103</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Fabrication and Characterization of CdS Nanoparticles Annealed by using Different Radiations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aneeqa%20Sabah">Aneeqa Sabah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Saadat%20Anwar%20Siddiqi"> Saadat Anwar Siddiqi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Salamat%20Ali"> Salamat Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The systematic manipulations of shapes and sizes of inorganic compounds greatly benefit the various application fields including optics, magnetic, electronics, catalysis and medicine. However shape control has been much more difficult to achieve. Hence exploration of novel method for the preparation of differently shaped nanoparticles is challenging research area. II-VI group of semiconductor cadmium sulphide (CdS) nanostructure with different morphologies (such as, acicular like, mesoporous, spherical shapes) and of crystallite sizes vary from 11 to 16 nm were successfully synthesized by chemical aqueous precipitation of Cd2+ ions with homogeneously released S2- ions from decomposition of cadmium sulphate (CdSO4) and thioacetamide (CH3CSNH2) by annealing at different radiations (microwave, ultrasonic and sunlight) with matter and systematic research has been done for various factors affecting the controlled growth rate of CdS nanoparticles. The obtained nanomaterials have been characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravometric (DSC-TGA) analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The result indicates that on increasing the reaction time particle size increases but on increasing the molar ratios grain size decreases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CdS%20nanoparticles" title="CdS nanoparticles">CdS nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Morphology" title=" Morphology"> Morphology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Oxidation" title=" Oxidation"> Oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Radiations" title="Radiations">Radiations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3429/fabrication-and-characterization-of-cds-nanoparticles-annealed-by-using-different-radiations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3429/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3429/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3429/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3429/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3429/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3429/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3429/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3429/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3429/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3429/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3429.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2985</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Segmentation of Lungs from CT Scan Images for Early Diagnosis of Lung Cancer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nisar%20Ahmed%20Memon">Nisar Ahmed Memon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Anwar%20Majid%20Mirza"> Anwar Majid Mirza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.A.M.%20Gilani"> S.A.M. Gilani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Segmentation is an important step in medical image analysis and classification for radiological evaluation or computer aided diagnosis. The CAD (Computer Aided Diagnosis ) of lung CT generally first segment the area of interest (lung) and then analyze the separately obtained area for nodule detection in order to diagnosis the disease. For normal lung, segmentation can be performed by making use of excellent contrast between air and surrounding tissues. However this approach fails when lung is affected by high density pathology. Dense pathologies are present in approximately a fifth of clinical scans, and for computer analysis such as detection and quantification of abnormal areas it is vital that the entire and perfectly lung part of the image is provided and no part, as present in the original image be eradicated. In this paper we have proposed a lung segmentation technique which accurately segment the lung parenchyma from lung CT Scan images. The algorithm was tested against the 25 datasets of different patients received from Ackron Univeristy, USA and AGA Khan Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Computer%20Aided%20Diagnosis" title="Computer Aided Diagnosis">Computer Aided Diagnosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Medical%20ImageProcessing" title=" Medical ImageProcessing"> Medical ImageProcessing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Region%20Growing" title=" Region Growing"> Region Growing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Segmentation" title=" Segmentation"> Segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thresholding" title=" Thresholding"> Thresholding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=" title=""></a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2140/segmentation-of-lungs-from-ct-scan-images-for-early-diagnosis-of-lung-cancer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2140/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2140/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2140/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2140/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2140/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2140/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2140/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2140/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2140/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2140/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2140.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2601</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Local Spectrum Feature Extraction for Face Recognition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Imran%20Ahmad">Muhammad Imran Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ruzelita%20Ngadiran"> Ruzelita Ngadiran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohd%20Nazrin%20Md%20Isa"> Mohd Nazrin Md Isa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nor%20Ashidi%20Mat%20Isa"> Nor Ashidi Mat Isa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohd%20Zaizu%20Ilyas"> Mohd Zaizu Ilyas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Raja%20Abdullah%20Raja%20Ahmad"> Raja Abdullah Raja Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Said%20Amirul%20Anwar%20Ab%20Hamid"> Said Amirul Anwar Ab Hamid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muzammil%20Jusoh"> Muzammil Jusoh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper presents two techniques, local feature extraction using image spectrum and low frequency spectrum modelling using GMM to capture the underlying statistical information to improve the performance of face recognition system. Local spectrum features are extracted using overlap sub block window that are mapped on the face image. For each of this block, spatial domain is transformed to frequency domain using DFT. A low frequency coefficient is preserved by discarding high frequency coefficients by applying rectangular mask on the spectrum of the facial image. Low frequency information is non- Gaussian in the feature space and by using combination of several Gaussian functions that has different statistical properties, the best feature representation can be modelled using probability density function. The recognition process is performed using maximum likelihood value computed using pre-calculated GMM components. The method is tested using FERET datasets and is able to achieved 92% recognition rates.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Local%20features%20modelling" title="Local features modelling">Local features modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=face%20recognition%20system" title=" face recognition system"> face recognition system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gaussian%20mixture%20models." title=" Gaussian mixture models."> Gaussian mixture models.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000915/local-spectrum-feature-extraction-for-face-recognition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000915/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000915/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000915/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000915/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000915/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000915/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000915/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000915/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000915/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000915/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000915.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2253</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Digital Encoder Based Power Frequency Deviation Measurement </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Syed%20Javed%20Arif">Syed Javed Arif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohd%20Ayyub%20Khan"> Mohd Ayyub Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Saleem%20Anwar%20Khan"> Saleem Anwar Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper, a simple method is presented for measurement of power frequency deviations. A phase locked loop (PLL) is used to multiply the signal under test by a factor of 100. The number of pulses in this pulse train signal is counted over a stable known period, using decade driving assemblies (DDAs) and flip-flops. These signals are combined using logic gates and then passed through decade counters to give a unique combination of pulses or levels, which are further encoded. These pulses are equally suitable for both control applications and display units. The experimental circuit developed gives a resolution of 1 Hz within the measurement period of 20 ms. The proposed circuit is also simulated in Verilog Hardware Description Language (VHDL) and implemented using Field Programing Gate Arrays (FPGAs). A Mixed signal Oscilloscope (MSO) is used to observe the results of FPGA implementation. These results are compared with the results of the proposed circuit of discrete components. The proposed system is useful for frequency deviation measurement and control in power systems.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Frequency%20measurement" title="Frequency measurement">Frequency measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=digital%20control" title=" digital control"> digital control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=phase%20locked%20loop" title=" phase locked loop"> phase locked loop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=encoding" title=" encoding"> encoding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Verilog%20HDL." title=" Verilog HDL."> Verilog HDL.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010565/digital-encoder-based-power-frequency-deviation-measurement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010565/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010565/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010565/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010565/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010565/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010565/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010565/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010565/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010565/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010565/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010565.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">615</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Effects of Milling Process Parameters on Cutting Forces and Surface Roughness When Finishing Ti6al4v Produced by Electron Beam Melting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdulmajeed%20Dabwan">Abdulmajeed Dabwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Saqib%20Anwar"> Saqib Anwar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ali%20Al-Samhan"> Ali Al-Samhan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Electron Beam Melting (EBM) is a metal powder bed-based Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology, which uses computer-controlled electron beams to create fully dense three-dimensional near-net-shaped parts from metal powder. It gives the ability to produce any complex parts directly from a computer-aided design (CAD) model without tools and dies, and with a variety of materials. However, the quality of the surface finish in EBM process has limitations to meeting the performance requirements of additively manufactured components. The aim of this study is to investigate the cutting forces induced during milling Ti6Al4V produced by EBM as well as the surface quality of the milled surfaces. The effects of cutting speed and radial depth of cut on the cutting forces, surface roughness, and surface morphology were investigated. The results indicated that the cutting speed was found to be proportional to the resultant cutting force at any cutting conditions while the surface roughness improved significantly with the increase in cutting speed and radial depth of cut.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Electron%20beam%20melting" title="Electron beam melting">Electron beam melting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=additive%20manufacturing" title=" additive manufacturing"> additive manufacturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ti6Al4V" title=" Ti6Al4V"> Ti6Al4V</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=surface%20morphology." title=" surface morphology."> surface morphology.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011397/effects-of-milling-process-parameters-on-cutting-forces-and-surface-roughness-when-finishing-ti6al4v-produced-by-electron-beam-melting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011397/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011397/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011397/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011397/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011397/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011397/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011397/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011397/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011397/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011397/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011397.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">717</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Online Partial Discharge Source Localization and Characterization Using Non-Conventional Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ammar%20Anwar%20Khan">Ammar Anwar Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nissar%20R.%20Wani"> Nissar R. Wani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nazar%20Malik"> Nazar Malik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdulrehman%20Al-Arainy"> Abdulrehman Al-Arainy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=and%20Saad%20Alghuwainem"> and Saad Alghuwainem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Power cables are vulnerable to failure due to aging or defects that occur with the passage of time under continuous operation and loading stresses. PD detection and characterization provide information on the location, nature, form and extent of the degradation. As a result, PD monitoring has become an important part of condition based maintenance (CBM) program among power utilities. Online partial discharge (PD) localization of defect sources in power cable system is possible using the time of flight method. The information regarding the time difference between the main and reflected pulses and cable length can help in locating the partial discharge source along the cable length. However, if the length of the cable is not known and the defect source is located at the extreme ends of the cable or in the middle of the cable, then double ended measurement is required to indicate the location of PD source. Use of multiple sensors can also help in discriminating the cable PD or local/ external PD. This paper presents the experience and results from online partial discharge measurements conducted in the laboratory and the challenges in partial discharge source localization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Power%20cables" title="Power cables">Power cables</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=partial%20discharge%20localization" title=" partial discharge localization"> partial discharge localization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=HFCT" title=" HFCT"> HFCT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=condition%20based%20monitoring." title=" condition based monitoring."> condition based monitoring.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3536/online-partial-discharge-source-localization-and-characterization-using-non-conventional-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3536/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3536/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3536/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3536/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3536/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3536/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3536/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3536/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3536/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3536/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3536.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2826</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Air Conditioning Energy Saving by Rooftop Greenery System in Subtropical Climate in Australia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Anwar">M. Anwar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20G.%20Rasul"> M. G. Rasul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20M.%20K.%20Khan"> M. M. K. Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The benefits of rooftop greenery systems (such as energy savings, reduction of greenhouse gas emission for mitigating climate change and maintaining sustainable development, indoor temperature control etc.) in buildings are well recognized, however there remains very little research conducted for quantifying the benefits in subtropical climates such as in Australia. This study mainly focuses on measuring/determining temperature profile and air conditioning energy savings by implementing rooftop greenery systems in subtropical Central Queensland in Australia. An experimental set-up was installed at Rockhampton campus of Central Queensland University, where two standard shipping containers (6m x 2.4m x 2.4m) were converted into small offices, one with green roof and one without. These were used for temperature, humidity and energy consumption data collection. The study found that an energy savings of up to 11.70% and temperature difference of up to 4°C can be achieved in March in subtropical Central Queensland climate in Australia. It is expected that more energy can be saved in peak summer days (December/February) as temperature difference between green roof and non-green roof is higher in December- February.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Extensive%20green%20roof" title="Extensive green roof">Extensive green roof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rooftop%20greenery%20system" title=" Rooftop greenery system"> Rooftop greenery system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Subtropical%20climate" title=" Subtropical climate"> Subtropical climate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shipping%20container." title=" Shipping container."> Shipping container.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16380/air-conditioning-energy-saving-by-rooftop-greenery-system-in-subtropical-climate-in-australia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16380/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16380/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16380/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16380/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16380/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16380/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16380/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16380/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16380/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16380/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16380.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2045</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Support Vector Machine based Intelligent Watermark Decoding for Anticipated Attack</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Syed%20Fahad%20Tahir">Syed Fahad Tahir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Asifullah%20Khan"> Asifullah Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdul%20Majid"> Abdul Majid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Anwar%20M.%20Mirza"> Anwar M. Mirza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we present an innovative scheme of blindly extracting message bits from an image distorted by an attack. Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used to nonlinearly classify the bits of the embedded message. Traditionally, a hard decoder is used with the assumption that the underlying modeling of the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) coefficients does not appreciably change. In case of an attack, the distribution of the image coefficients is heavily altered. The distribution of the sufficient statistics at the receiving end corresponding to the antipodal signals overlap and a simple hard decoder fails to classify them properly. We are considering message retrieval of antipodal signal as a binary classification problem. Machine learning techniques like SVM is used to retrieve the message, when certain specific class of attacks is most probable. In order to validate SVM based decoding scheme, we have taken Gaussian noise as a test case. We generate a data set using 125 images and 25 different keys. Polynomial kernel of SVM has achieved 100 percent accuracy on test data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bit%20Correct%20Ratio%20%28BCR%29" title="Bit Correct Ratio (BCR)">Bit Correct Ratio (BCR)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Grid%20Search" title=" Grid Search"> Grid Search</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Intelligent%0ADecoding" title=" Intelligent Decoding"> Intelligent Decoding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jackknife%20Technique" title=" Jackknife Technique"> Jackknife Technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Support%20Vector%20Machine%20%28SVM%29" title=" Support Vector Machine (SVM)"> Support Vector Machine (SVM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Watermarking." title=" Watermarking."> Watermarking.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13275/support-vector-machine-based-intelligent-watermark-decoding-for-anticipated-attack" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13275/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13275/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13275/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13275/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13275/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13275/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13275/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13275/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13275/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13275/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13275.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1670</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Causal Relationship between Macro-Economic Indicators and Funds Unit Prices Behavior: Evidence from Malaysian Islamic Equity Unit Trust Funds Industry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Anwar%20Hasan%20Abdullah%20Othman">Anwar Hasan Abdullah Othman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahamed%20Kameel"> Ahamed Kameel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hasanuddeen%20Abdul%20Aziz"> Hasanuddeen Abdul Aziz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this study, attempt has been made to investigate the relationship specifically the causal relation between fund unit prices of Islamic equity unit trust fund which measure by fund NAV and the selected macro-economic variables of Malaysian economy by using VECM causality test and Granger causality test. Monthly data has been used from Jan, 2006 to Dec, 2012 for all the variables. The findings of the study showed that industrial production index, political election and financial crisis are the only variables having unidirectional causal relationship with fund unit price. However the global oil price is having bidirectional causality with fund NAV. Thus, it is concluded that the equity unit trust fund industry in Malaysia is an inefficient market with respect to the industrial production index, global oil prices, political election and financial crisis. However the market is approaching towards informational efficiency at least with respect to four macroeconomic variables, treasury bill rate, money supply, foreign exchange rate, and corruption index.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fund%20unit%20price" title="Fund unit price">Fund unit price</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=unit%20trust%20industry" title=" unit trust industry"> unit trust industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Malaysia" title=" Malaysia"> Malaysia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=macroeconomic%20variables" title=" macroeconomic variables"> macroeconomic variables</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=causality." title=" causality."> causality.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000295/causal-relationship-between-macro-economic-indicators-and-funds-unit-prices-behavior-evidence-from-malaysian-islamic-equity-unit-trust-funds-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000295/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000295/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000295/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000295/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000295/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000295/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary 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