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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American suffragist, feminist, and labor activist</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Maud Younger</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:MaudYounger.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/MaudYounger.jpg" decoding="async" width="211" height="423" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="211" data-file-height="423" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Maud Younger, c. 1910–15.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1870-01-10</span>)</span>January 10, 1870<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">San Francisco, California</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">June 25, 1936<span style="display:none">(1936-06-25)</span> (aged 66)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Los Gatos, California</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Suffragist, Labor activist</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Maud Younger</b> (January 10, 1870 – June 25, 1936) was an American suffragist, feminist, and labor activist. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maud_Younger&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Maud Younger was born in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco, California">San Francisco, California</a>, the daughter of a Scottish immigrant, dentist William John Younger. Her mother Anna Maria Lane, an heiress, died when Maud was twelve years old.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was a prosperous, well-connected family; two of her sisters married Austrian barons, and her father moved to <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> in 1900.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maud Younger was educated in San Francisco and New York. At 31, she visited the New York College <a href="/wiki/Settlement_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Settlement House">Settlement House</a>, and began her work in activism. "I went to see it, stopped for a week, and stayed five years," she recalled.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Labor_activism">Labor activism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maud_Younger&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Labor activism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Younger took up the cause of working women. She took several waitressing jobs to investigate working conditions in restaurants, and joined the New York Waitresses' Union.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was referred to as ''the millionaire waitress."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the <a href="/wiki/1906_San_Francisco_earthquake" title="1906 San Francisco earthquake">1906 San Francisco earthquake</a>, Younger went back to her hometown to pursue further work in labor organizing. She worked as a waitress to qualify for union membership, then organized the city's first Waitresses' Union. She was president of Waitresses' Union Local 48, and served as their delegate to the San Francisco Central Labor Council.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Younger also helped found the San Francisco Wage Earners' Suffrage League (WESL) in 1908, to ensure that the concerns of working women were not forgotten in pursuit of the vote. After California women won <a href="/wiki/Suffrage" title="Suffrage">suffrage</a> in 1911, Younger and the WESL worked for the <a href="/wiki/Eight-hour_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Eight-hour day">eight-hour workday</a> for women.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Younger funded many of the legal aspects of this work, and was an impressive public face of the movement as well. At the 1911 <a href="/wiki/Labor_Day" title="Labor Day">Labor Day</a> parade in San Francisco, she drove the WESL float, a wagon pulled by six white horses. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Suffrage_activism">Suffrage activism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maud_Younger&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Suffrage activism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Younger traveled to New York to support striking garment workers in 1913, and happened to be in town to give a memorial keynote speech at the 1916 funeral of <a href="/wiki/Inez_Milholland_Boissevain" class="mw-redirect" title="Inez Milholland Boissevain">Inez Milholland Boissevain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She supported the suffrage movement in Nevada and in the South (her mother was from <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a>), and joined the <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Congressional Union">Congressional Union</a>, the more militant suffrage organization headed by <a href="/wiki/Alice_Paul" title="Alice Paul">Alice Paul</a>, later named the <a href="/wiki/National_Woman%27s_Party" title="National Woman's Party">National Woman's Party</a>. Younger served as chair of the lobbying committee and participated in NWP pickets at the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> demanding women's suffrage. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_work">Later work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maud_Younger&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Later work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miss_Maud_Younger-12-16-20.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Miss_Maud_Younger-12-16-20.jpg/220px-Miss_Maud_Younger-12-16-20.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Miss_Maud_Younger-12-16-20.jpg/330px-Miss_Maud_Younger-12-16-20.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Miss_Maud_Younger-12-16-20.jpg/440px-Miss_Maud_Younger-12-16-20.jpg 2x" data-file-width="877" data-file-height="724" /></a><figcaption>December 16, 1920</figcaption></figure> <p>In late 1920, Maud Younger drove across the country alone, with a dog named Sandy; this trip made her one of the first women to do a solo coast-to-coast drive across America, the very first being <a href="/wiki/Anita_King" title="Anita King">Anita King</a>. The trip from San Francisco to Washington DC took 38 days, hampered by excessive rain. She arrived in Washington on 20 December 1920.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the ratification of the <a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Nineteenth Amendment</a> secured the right to vote for American women, Younger (and others) turned to advocating for the <a href="/wiki/Equal_Rights_Amendment" title="Equal Rights Amendment">Equal Rights Amendment</a>. Younger died from cancer in <a href="/wiki/Los_Gatos,_California" title="Los Gatos, California">Los Gatos, California</a>, in 1936, age 66. Her unpublished autobiography is in the National Woman's Party Papers, at the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maud_Younger&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anb.org/articles/15/15-00782.html">Susan Englander. "Younger, Maud," <i>American National Biography Online</i> (February 2000).</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85066387/1910-03-31/ed-1/seq-5/">"Baroness' Will Filed for Probate," <i>San Francisco Call</i> (March 31, 1910): 5.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nancy Cott, <i>The Grounding of Modern Feminism</i> (Yale University Press 1987): p. 34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maud Younger, "Diary of an Amateur Waitress: An Industrial Problem from the Worker's Point of View," <i>McClure's Magazine</i> 28(1907): 543–552.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCott1994" class="citation book cs1">Cott, Nancy F., ed. (1994). <i>Women Suffrage</i>. De Gruyter, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783598416965" title="Special:BookSources/9783598416965"><bdi>9783598416965</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+Suffrage&rft.pub=De+Gruyter%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9783598416965&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaud+Younger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maud Younger, "Taking Orders: A Day as a Waitress in a San Francisco Restaurant," <i>Sunset: The Pacific Monthly</i> 21 (October 1908)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harriett Weston, "Maud Younger: San Francisco's Helen Gould," <i>The Interior</i> 2 January 1913: pp. 13–14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Linda J. Lumsden, <i>Inez: The Life and Times of Inez Milholland</i> (Indiana University Press 2004): p. 175.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas L. Karnes, <i>Asphalt and Politics: A History of the American Highway System</i> (McFarland 2009): pp. 21–23.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_sources_and_links">Further sources and links</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maud_Younger&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further sources and links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Maud_Younger" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Maud Younger">Maud Younger</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>Susan Englander, <i>Class Conflict and Class Coalition in the California Woman Suffrage Movement, 1907–1912: The San Francisco Wage Earners' Suffrage League</i> (1992).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrisHannah_S._Cohen2012" class="citation book cs1">Harris, Gloria G.; Hannah S. Cohen (2012). "Chapter 3. Suffragists – Maud Younger: Millionaire Waitress and Labor Reformer". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U4x2CQAAQBAJ"><i>Women Trailblazers of California: Pioneers to the Present</i></a>. Charleston, SC: The History Press. pp. 43–59 [52–55]. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1609496753" title="Special:BookSources/978-1609496753"><bdi>978-1609496753</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+3.+Suffragists+%E2%80%93+Maud+Younger%3A+Millionaire+Waitress+and+Labor+Reformer&rft.btitle=Women+Trailblazers+of+California%3A+Pioneers+to+the+Present&rft.place=Charleston%2C+SC&rft.pages=43-59+52-55&rft.pub=The+History+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1609496753&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Gloria+G.&rft.au=Hannah+S.+Cohen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DU4x2CQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaud+Younger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>April McDonald, "Maud Younger 1870–1936: A California Woman as Labor Reformer, Suffragist, and Activist," masters' thesis (California State University 1994).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/maud-younger/">Maud Younger</a> in the National Women's History Museum</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sewallbelmont.org/womenwecelebrate/maude-younger/">Maud Younger</a> in the Sewall-Belmont House and Museum</li> <li>Mae Silver, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://foundsf.org/index.php?title=Championing_the_Working_Woman">"Championing the Working Woman"</a>, at FoundSF.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGloria_G._Harris,_Hannah_S._Cohen2012" class="citation book cs1">Gloria G. Harris, Hannah S. Cohen (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pzkcBjl2OXoC"><i>Women Trailblazers of California: Pioneers to the Present</i></a>. History Press. pp. 52–55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1609496753" title="Special:BookSources/978-1609496753"><bdi>978-1609496753</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+Trailblazers+of+California%3A+Pioneers+to+the+Present&rft.pages=52-55&rft.pub=History+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1609496753&rft.au=Gloria+G.+Harris%2C+Hannah+S.+Cohen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpzkcBjl2OXoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaud+Younger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Miss Younger Dies: Suffrage Leader: Chief Lobbyist in Washington in Last Years of Fight to Win Vote for Women. Was White House Picket Converted to Movement by Her Experience as a Settlement Worker on East Side". <i>New York Times</i>. New York Times. 1936. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/101865198">101865198</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Miss+Younger+Dies%3A+Suffrage+Leader%3A+Chief+Lobbyist+in+Washington+in+Last+Years+of+Fight+to+Win+Vote+for+Women.+Was+White+House+Picket+Converted+to+Movement+by+Her+Experience+as+a+Settlement+Worker+on+East+Side&rft.date=1936&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaud+Younger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Her Pressure on Congress: Suffrage Lobbyist's Card Index Keeps Tab on Members' Home Influences, Financial Backers, and Even Golf Partners Her Pressure on Congress – Suffragist's Card Index Changing Senate Votes". <i>The New York Times</i>. 1919. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/100345073">100345073</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Her+Pressure+on+Congress%3A+Suffrage+Lobbyist%27s+Card+Index+Keeps+Tab+on+Members%27+Home+Influences%2C+Financial+Backers%2C+and+Even+Golf+Partners+Her+Pressure+on+Congress+%E2%80%93+Suffragist%27s+Card+Index+Changing+Senate+Votes&rft.date=1919&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaud+Younger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Suffrage Index of God and Bad Governors: How the Card System Which Forced Congress Into Line Is Being Used to Expedite Ratification by States". <i>The New York Times</i>. 1919. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/100333213">100333213</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Suffrage+Index+of+God+and+Bad+Governors%3A+How+the+Card+System+Which+Forced+Congress+Into+Line+Is+Being+Used+to+Expedite+Ratification+by+States&rft.date=1919&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaud+Younger" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:Silent_Sentinels" title="Template:Silent Sentinels"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Silent_Sentinels" title="Template talk:Silent Sentinels"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Silent_Sentinels" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Silent Sentinels"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Silent_Sentinels" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Silent_Sentinels" title="Silent Sentinels">Silent Sentinels</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sentinels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Ainge" title="Edith Ainge">Edith Ainge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nina_E._Allender" title="Nina E. Allender">Nina E. Allender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Arniel" title="Annie Arniel">Annie Arniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abby_Scott_Baker" title="Abby Scott Baker">Abby Scott Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ritter_Beard" title="Mary Ritter Beard">Mary Ritter Beard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alva_Belmont" title="Alva Belmont">Alva Belmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Gwynne_Branham" title="Lucy Gwynne Branham">Lucy Gwynne Branham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Burns" title="Lucy Burns">Lucy Burns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iris_Calderhead" title="Iris Calderhead">Iris Calderhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Tarleton_Colvin" title="Sarah Tarleton Colvin">Sarah Tarleton Colvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Dorothy Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Emory" title="Julia Emory">Julia Emory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_Hall_Gardner" title="Matilda Hall Gardner">Matilda Hall Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Bayard_Hilles" title="Florence Bayard Hilles">Florence Bayard Hilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alison_Turnbull_Hopkins" title="Alison Turnbull Hopkins">Alison Turnbull Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Hurlbut" title="Julia Hurlbut">Julia Hurlbut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Hall_Ingham" title="Mary Hall Ingham">Mary Hall Ingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paula_O._Jakobi" title="Paula O. Jakobi">Paula O. Jakobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dora_Lewis" title="Dora Lewis">Dora Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Henrietta_Martin" title="Anne Henrietta Martin">Anne Henrietta Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nell_Mercer" title="Nell Mercer">Nell Mercer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Gooding_Rose_Meredith" title="Sophie Gooding Rose Meredith">Sophie Gooding Rose Meredith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vida_Milholland" title="Vida Milholland">Vida Milholland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_A._Morey" title="Katharine A. Morey">Katherine Morey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_A._Nolan" title="Mary A. Nolan">Mary A. Nolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Paul" title="Alice Paul">Alice Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Gram_Robinson" title="Alice Gram Robinson">Alice Gram Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Selden_Rogers" title="Elizabeth Selden Rogers">Elizabeth Selden Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Spencer_(suffragist)" title="Caroline Spencer (suffragist)">Caroline Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doris_Stevens" title="Doris Stevens">Doris Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Gram_Swing" title="Betty Gram Swing">Betty Gram Swing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Church_Terrell" title="Mary Church Terrell">Mary Church Terrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllis_Terrell" title="Phyllis Terrell">Phyllis Terrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mabel_Vernon" title="Mabel Vernon">Mabel Vernon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Wotherspoon_Wainwright" title="Evelyn Wotherspoon Wainwright">Evelyn Wotherspoon Wainwright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Himes_Walker" title="Amelia Himes Walker">Amelia Himes Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruza_Wenclawska" title="Ruza Wenclawska">Ruza Wenclawska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sue_Shelton_White" title="Sue Shelton White">Sue Shelton White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Fay_Whittemore" title="Margaret Fay Whittemore">Margaret Fay Whittemore</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Maud Younger</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alison_Turnbull_Hopkins_160032v_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Alison_Turnbull_Hopkins_160032v_%28cropped%29.jpg/91px-Alison_Turnbull_Hopkins_160032v_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Alison_Turnbull_Hopkins_160032v_%28cropped%29.jpg/137px-Alison_Turnbull_Hopkins_160032v_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Alison_Turnbull_Hopkins_160032v_%28cropped%29.jpg/182px-Alison_Turnbull_Hopkins_160032v_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1537" data-file-height="2035" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Memorials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turning_Point_Suffragist_Memorial" title="Turning Point Suffragist Memorial">Turning Point Suffragist Memorial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Woman%27s_Party" title="National Woman's Party">National Woman's Party</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Suffragist" title="The Suffragist">The Suffragist</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorton_Reformatory" title="Lorton Reformatory">Occoquan Workhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_Special" title="Prison Special">Prison Special</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_States" title="Women's suffrage in the United States">Women's suffrage in the United States</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jailed_for_Freedom" title="Jailed for Freedom">Jailed for Freedom</a></i> (1920 book)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iron_Jawed_Angels" title="Iron Jawed Angels">Iron Jawed Angels</a></i> (2004 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Suffs" title="Suffs">Suffs</a></i> (2022 musical)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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