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}); </script> </div> <div align="center" data-freestar-ad="__390x100 __728x100" id="ballotpedia-org_ATF_leaderboard"> <script data-cfasync="false" type="text/javascript"> freestar.config.enabled_slots.push({ placementName: "ballotpedia-org_ATF_leaderboard", slotId: "ballotpedia-org_ATF_leaderboard" }); </script> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-offset-0 col-md-12" role="main"> <div class="mw-body" id="content"> <div id="mw-js-message" style="display:none;" ></div>  <div id="siteNotice"><div id="localNotice"><div class="sitenotice" lang="en" dir="ltr"><big><center><b><a href="/April_1,_2025,_election_results" title="April 1, 2025, election results">Click here for April 1 election results</a></b></center></big></div></div></div>  <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading page-header" lang="en"><span dir="auto"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Courts in New York</span></span></h1>  <div id="bodyContent"> <div id="siteSub">From Ballotpedia</div> <div id="contentSub" ></div> <div id="jump-to-nav" class="mw-jump"> Jump to: <a href="#mw-navigation">navigation</a>, <a href="#p-search">search</a> </div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><table class="infobox" width="240px" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-size:90%; text-align: center; border:2px solid #aacde8"><tbody><tr><th style="border-bottom:1px solid black"><i>More information on New York's state courts:</i></th></tr><tr><td><a href="/Judicial_selection_in_New_York" title="Judicial selection in New York">Selection methods</a><br /><a href="/New_York_judicial_elections" title="New York judicial elections">Elections</a><br /><a href="/New_York_salaries_and_budgets" class="mw-redirect" title="New York salaries and budgets">Salaries</a><br /><a href="/Judicial_Branch" title="Judicial Branch">Federal courts</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> In <b>New York</b>, there are four federal district courts, a state court of appeals, a state supreme court, and trial courts with both general and limited jurisdiction. These courts serve different purposes, which are outlined in the sections below. </p><p>Click a link for information about that court type. </p> <ul><li><a href="/Courts_in_New_York#Federal_courts" title="Courts in New York">Federal courts</a></li> <li><a href="/Courts_in_New_York#State_court_of_appeals" title="Courts in New York">State court of appeals</a></li> <li><a href="/Courts_in_New_York#State_supreme_court" title="Courts in New York">State supreme court</a></li> <li><a href="/Courts_in_New_York#Trial_courts" title="Courts in New York">Trial courts</a></li> <li><a href="/Courts_in_New_York#Courts_in_New_York_City" title="Courts in New York">Courts in New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/Courts_in_New_York#Courts_of_limited_jurisdiction" title="Courts in New York">Courts of limited jurisdiction</a></li></ul> <p>The image below depicts the flow of cases through New York's state court system. Cases typically originate in the trial courts and can be appealed to courts higher up in the system. </p> <div class="center"><div class="thumb tnone"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:402px;"><a href="/File:New_York_State_Court_Flow_Chart.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/4/4b/New_York_State_Court_Flow_Chart.png/400px-New_York_State_Court_Flow_Chart.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="409" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/4/4b/New_York_State_Court_Flow_Chart.png 1.5x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="614" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/File:New_York_State_Court_Flow_Chart.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The structure of New York's state court system.</div></div></div></div> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Judicial_selection_process"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Judicial selection process</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Federal_courts"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Federal courts</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Active_judges"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Active judges</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4"><a href="#Eastern_District"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Eastern District</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5"><a href="#Northern_District"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Northern District</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="#Southern_District"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Southern District</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#Western_District"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Western District</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#District_map"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">District map</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Judicial_selection"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Judicial selection</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Bankruptcy_courts"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Bankruptcy courts</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#State_court_of_appeals"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">State court of appeals</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#State_supreme_court"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">State supreme court</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Appellate_division"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Appellate division</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Trial_courts"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Trial courts</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#County_courts"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">County courts</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#District_courts"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">District courts</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#City_courts"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">City courts</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Town_and_village_courts"><span class="tocnumber">5.4</span> <span class="toctext">Town and village courts</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Family_courts"><span class="tocnumber">5.5</span> <span class="toctext">Family courts</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Surrogate's_court"><span class="tocnumber">5.6</span> <span class="toctext">Surrogate's court</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#Courts_in_New_York_City"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Courts in New York City</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#New_York_City_Civil_Court"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">New York City Civil Court</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#New_York_City_Criminal_Courts"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">New York City Criminal Courts</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="#Courts_of_limited_jurisdiction"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Courts of limited jurisdiction</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Court_of_Claims"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Court of Claims</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Problem_solving_courts"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Problem solving courts</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="#In_other_states"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">In other states</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="#Footnotes"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Footnotes</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Judicial_selection_process">Judicial selection process</span></h2> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Judicial_selection_in_New_York" title="Judicial selection in New York">Judicial selection in New York</a> and <a href="/New_York_judicial_elections" title="New York judicial elections">New York judicial elections</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>The <b>seven justices</b> of the <a href="/New_York_Court_of_Appeals" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Court of Appeals">New York Court of Appeals</a> serve 14-year terms. They are <a href="/Commission-selection,_political_appointment_method_of_judicial_selection" class="mw-redirect" title="Commission-selection, political appointment method of judicial selection">appointed by the governor</a> from a list of candidates provided by a judicial nominating commission, pending confirmation from the <a href="/New_York_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Senate">New York Senate</a>. The <b>60 justices</b> of the <a href="/New_York_Supreme_Court,_Appellate_Division" title="New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division">New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division</a> serve for five years or until the end of a supreme court term, whichever is shorter. They are <a href="/Commission-selection,_political_appointment_method_of_judicial_selection" class="mw-redirect" title="Commission-selection, political appointment method of judicial selection">nominated by a commission and appointed by the governor</a> from among sitting <a href="/New_York_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Supreme Court">supreme court</a> judges. The <b>324 justices</b> of the <a href="/New_York_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Supreme Court">New York Supreme Court</a> are elected to 14-year terms in <a href="/Partisan_elections" title="Partisan elections">partisan elections</a>. To appear on the ballot, candidates must be chosen at partisan nominating conventions. The <b>125 judges</b> of the <a href="/New_York_County_Courts" title="New York County Courts">New York County Courts</a> are selected in an identical manner as those of the <a href="/New_York_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Supreme Court">New York Supreme Court</a>. However, judges are elected to 10-year terms and must meet a different set of qualifications.<sup id="cite_ref-NCSC_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCSC-1">[1]</a></sup> </p><p><b>To read more about judicial elections in New York, <a href="/New_York_judicial_elections" title="New York judicial elections">click here</a>.</b> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Federal_courts">Federal courts</span></h2> <p>The <a href="/United_States_district_court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States district court">federal district courts</a> in New York are the: </p> <ul><li><a href="/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_New_York" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York">Eastern District of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_New_York" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of New York">Northern District of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_New_York" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of New York">Southern District of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_New_York" title="United States District Court for the Western District of New York">Western District of New York</a></li></ul> <p>Appeals from the judgments and orders of these courts are considered by the <a href="/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_2nd_Circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Court of Appeals for the 2nd Circuit">U.S. Court of Appeals for the 2nd Circuit</a>. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Active_judges">Active judges</span></h3> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Eastern_District">Eastern District</span></h4> <table border="1" class="wikitable sortable jquery-tablesorter" style="font-size:90%; width: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Judge</th> <th>Appointed By</th> <th>Assumed Office</th> <th>Bachelors</th> <th>Law</th> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Roslynn_Mauskopf">Roslynn Mauskopf</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> George W. Bush </p> </td> <td> October 18, 2007 - </td> <td> <p> Brandeis University, 1979 </p> </td> <td> <p> Georgetown University Law Center, 1982 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Margo_Brodie">Margo Brodie</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Barack_Obama">Barack Obama (D)</a> </p> </td> <td> February 29, 2012 - </td> <td> <p> St. Francis College, 1988 </p> </td> <td> <p> University of Pennsylvania Law School, 1991 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Pamela_Ki_Mai_Chen">Pamela Ki Mai Chen</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Barack_Obama">Barack Obama (D)</a> </p> </td> <td> March 5, 2013 - </td> <td> <p> University of Michigan, 1983 </p> </td> <td> <p> Georgetown University Law Center, 1986 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Ann_M._Donnelly">Ann M. Donnelly</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Barack_Obama">Barack Obama (D)</a> </p> </td> <td> October 21, 2015 - </td> <td> <p> University of Michigan, 1981 </p> </td> <td> <p> The Ohio State University, Moritz School of Law, 1984 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/LaShann_Moutique_DeArcy_Hall">LaShann Moutique DeArcy Hall</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Barack_Obama">Barack Obama (D)</a> </p> </td> <td> November 17, 2015 - </td> <td> <p> Antioch College, 1992 </p> </td> <td> <p> Howard University School of Law, 2000 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Rachel_Kovner">Rachel Kovner</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Donald_Trump">Donald Trump (R)</a> </p> </td> <td> October 17, 2019 - </td> <td> <p> Harvard College, 2001 </p> </td> <td> <p> Stanford Law School, 2006 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Eric_Komitee">Eric Komitee</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Donald_Trump">Donald Trump (R)</a> </p> </td> <td> December 5, 2019 - </td> <td> <p> Emory University, 1992 </p> </td> <td> <p> New York University Law School, 1995 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Gary_R._Brown">Gary R. Brown</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Donald_Trump">Donald Trump (R)</a> </p> </td> <td> December 31, 2019 - </td> <td> <p> Columbia College, 1985 </p> </td> <td> <p> Yale Law School, 1988 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Diane_Gujarati">Diane Gujarati</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Donald_Trump">Donald Trump (R)</a> </p> </td> <td> September 18, 2020 - </td> <td> <p> Barnard College, 1990 </p> </td> <td> <p> Yale Law School, 1995 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Hector_Gonzalez_(New_York)">Hector Gonzalez</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Joe_Biden">Joe Biden (D)</a> </p> </td> <td> April 18, 2022 - </td> <td> <p> Manhattan College, 1985 </p> </td> <td> <p> University of Pennsylvania Law School, 1988 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Nina_Morrison">Nina Morrison</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Joe_Biden">Joe Biden (D)</a> </p> </td> <td> August 11, 2022 - </td> <td> <p> Yale University, 1992 </p> </td> <td> <p> New York University School of Law, 1998 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Orelia_Merchant">Orelia Merchant</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Joe_Biden">Joe Biden (D)</a> </p> </td> <td> May 12, 2023 - </td> <td> <p> Dillard University, 1992 </p> </td> <td> <p> Tulane University Law School, 1998 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Nusrat_Choudhury">Nusrat Choudhury</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Joe_Biden">Joe Biden (D)</a> </p> </td> <td> July 5, 2023 - </td> <td> <p> Columbia University, 1998 </p> </td> <td> <p> Yale Law School, 2006 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Natasha_Merle">Natasha Merle</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Joe_Biden">Joe Biden (D)</a> </p> </td> <td> August 11, 2023 - </td> <td> <p> University of Texas at Austin, 2005 </p> </td> <td> <p> New York University Law School, 2008 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Ramon_Reyes,_Jr.">Ramon Reyes Jr.</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Joe_Biden">Joe Biden (D)</a> </p> </td> <td> November 13, 2023 - </td> <td> <p> Cornell, 1988 </p> </td> <td> <p> Brooklyn Law, 1992 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Sanket_Bulsara">Sanket Bulsara</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Joe_Biden">Joe Biden (D)</a> </p> </td> <td> December 20, 2024 - </td> <td> <p> Harvard University, 1998 </p> </td> <td> <p> Harvard Law School, 2002 </p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>The list below displays the number of active judges by the party of the appointing president. It does not reflect how a judge may rule on specific cases or their own political preferences. </p> <ul><li><span style="color:#003388;">Democrat appointed: 11</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Republican appointed: 6</span></li></ul> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Northern_District">Northern District</span></h4> <table border="1" class="wikitable sortable jquery-tablesorter" style="font-size:90%; width: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Judge</th> <th>Appointed By</th> <th>Assumed Office</th> <th>Bachelors</th> <th>Law</th> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Mae_A._D'Agostino">Mae A. D'Agostino</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Barack_Obama">Barack Obama (D)</a> </p> </td> <td> March 30, 2011 - </td> <td> <p> Siena College, 1977 </p> </td> <td> <p> Syracuse University Law, 1980 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Brenda_K._Sannes">Brenda K. Sannes</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Barack_Obama">Barack Obama (D)</a> </p> </td> <td> November 21, 2014 - </td> <td> <p> Carleton College, 1980 </p> </td> <td> <p> University of Wisconsin Law School, 1983 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Anne_Nardacci">Anne M. Nardacci</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Joe_Biden">Joe Biden (D)</a> </p> </td> <td> December 16, 2022 - </td> <td> <p> Georgetown University, 1998 </p> </td> <td> <p> Cornell Law School, 2002 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Anthony_Brindisi">Anthony Brindisi</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Joe_Biden">Joe Biden (D)</a> </p> </td> <td> December 9, 2024 - </td> <td> <p> Siena College, 2000 </p> </td> <td> <p> Albany Law School, 2004 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Elizabeth_Coombe">Elizabeth Coombe</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Joe_Biden">Joe Biden (D)</a> </p> </td> <td> December 9, 2024 - </td> <td> <p> Hamilton College, 1989 </p> </td> <td> <p> University of Michigan Law School, 1992 </p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>The list below displays the number of active judges by the party of the appointing president. It does not reflect how a judge may rule on specific cases or their own political preferences. </p> <ul><li><span style="color:#003388;">Democrat appointed: 5</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Republican appointed: 0</span></li></ul> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Southern_District">Southern District</span></h4> <table border="1" class="wikitable sortable jquery-tablesorter" style="font-size:90%; width: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Judge</th> <th>Appointed By</th> <th>Assumed Office</th> <th>Bachelors</th> <th>Law</th> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/John_Koeltl">John Koeltl</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Bill_Clinton">Bill Clinton (D)</a> </p> </td> <td> August 10, 1994 - </td> <td> <p> Georgetown University, 1967 </p> </td> <td> <p> Harvard Law, 1971 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Laura_Swain">Laura Swain</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Bill_Clinton">Bill Clinton (D)</a> </p> </td> <td> July 11, 2000 - </td> <td> <p> Harvard-Radcliffe College, 1979 </p> </td> <td> <p> Harvard Law, 1982 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Kenneth_Karas">Kenneth Karas</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/George_W._Bush">George W. Bush (R)</a> </p> </td> <td> June 13, 2004 - </td> <td> <p> Georgetown University, 1986 </p> </td> <td> <p> Columbia University Law, 1991 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Cathy_Seibel">Cathy Seibel</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/George_W._Bush">George W. Bush (R)</a> </p> </td> <td> July 30, 2008 - </td> <td> <p> Princeton University, 1982 </p> </td> <td> <p> Fordham University Law, 1985 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/J._Paul_Oetken">James Paul Oetken</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Barack_Obama">Barack Obama (D)</a> </p> </td> <td> July 20, 2011 - </td> <td> <p> University of Iowa, 1988 </p> </td> <td> <p> Yale Law, 1991 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Paul_A._Engelmayer">Paul A. Engelmayer</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Barack_Obama">Barack Obama (D)</a> </p> </td> <td> July 27, 2011 - </td> <td> <p> Harvard, 1983 </p> </td> <td> <p> Harvard Law, 1987 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Edgardo_Ramos">Edgardo Ramos</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Barack_Obama">Barack Obama (D)</a> </p> </td> <td> December 6, 2011 - </td> <td> <p> Yale, 1982 </p> </td> <td> <p> Harvard Law, 1987 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Andrew_L._Carter,_Jr.">Andrew L. Carter Jr.</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Barack_Obama">Barack Obama (D)</a> </p> </td> <td> December 8, 2011 - </td> <td> <p> University of Texas, 1991 </p> </td> <td> <p> Harvard Law, 1994 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Jesse_Furman">Jesse Furman</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Barack_Obama">Barack Obama (D)</a> </p> </td> <td> February 17, 2012 - </td> <td> <p> Harvard, 1994 </p> </td> <td> <p> Yale Law, 1998 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Ronnie_Abrams">Ronnie Abrams</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Barack_Obama">Barack Obama (D)</a> </p> </td> <td> March 23, 2012 - </td> <td> <p> Cornell University, 1990 </p> </td> <td> <p> Yale Law School, 1993 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Katherine_Failla">Katherine Failla</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Barack_Obama">Barack Obama (D)</a> </p> </td> <td> March 5, 2013 - </td> <td> <p> College of William & Mary, 1990 </p> </td> <td> <p> Harvard Law, 1993 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Analisa_Torres">Analisa Torres</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Barack_Obama">Barack Obama (D)</a> </p> </td> <td> April 23, 2013 - </td> <td> <p> Harvard, 1981 </p> </td> <td> <p> Columbia Law, 1984 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Nelson_S._Roman">Nelson S. Roman</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Barack_Obama">Barack Obama (D)</a> </p> </td> <td> May 13, 2013 - </td> <td> <p> Fordham University, 1984 </p> </td> <td> <p> Brooklyn Law, 1989 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Vernon_Broderick">Vernon Broderick</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Barack_Obama">Barack Obama (D)</a> </p> </td> <td> September 10, 2013 - </td> <td> <p> Yale, 1985 </p> </td> <td> <p> Harvard Law, 1988 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Gregory_Howard_Woods">Gregory Howard Woods</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Barack_Obama">Barack Obama (D)</a> </p> </td> <td> November 18, 2013 - </td> <td> <p> Williams College, 1991 </p> </td> <td> <p> Yale Law, 1995 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Mary_Kay_Vyskocil">Mary Kay Vyskocil</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Donald_Trump">Donald Trump (R)</a> </p> </td> <td> December 20, 2019 - </td> <td> <p> Dominican College of Blauvelt, 1979 </p> </td> <td> <p> St. John's University School of Law, 1983 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Lewis_Liman">Lewis Liman</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Donald_Trump">Donald Trump (R)</a> </p> </td> <td> December 31, 2019 - </td> <td> <p> Harvard College, 1983 </p> </td> <td> <p> Yale University Law School, 1987 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Philip_Halpern">Philip M. Halpern</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Donald_Trump">Donald Trump (R)</a> </p> </td> <td> February 21, 2020 - </td> <td> <p> Fordham University, 1977 </p> </td> <td> <p> Elizabeth Haub School of Law at Pace University, 1980 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/John_Cronan_(New_York)">John Peter Cronan</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Donald_Trump">Donald Trump (R)</a> </p> </td> <td> August 10, 2020 - </td> <td> <p> Georgetown University, 1998 </p> </td> <td> <p> Yale Law School, 2001 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Jennifer_Rochon">Jennifer Rochon</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Joe_Biden">Joe Biden (D)</a> </p> </td> <td> June 13, 2022 - </td> <td> <p> University of Michigan, 1992 </p> </td> <td> <p> New York University School of Law, 1997 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Jennifer_Rearden">Jennifer Rearden</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Joe_Biden">Joe Biden (D)</a> </p> </td> <td> October 7, 2022 - </td> <td> <p> Yale University, 1992 </p> </td> <td> <p> New York University School of Law, 1996 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Arun_Subramanian">Arun Subramanian</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Joe_Biden">Joe Biden (D)</a> </p> </td> <td> April 13, 2023 - </td> <td> <p> Case Western Reserve University, 2001 </p> </td> <td> <p> Columbia Law School, 2004 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Jessica_Clarke">Jessica Clarke</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Joe_Biden">Joe Biden (D)</a> </p> </td> <td> April 20, 2023 - </td> <td> <p> Northwestern University, 2005 </p> </td> <td> <p> Ohio State University, Moritz College of Law, 2008 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Dale_Ho">Dale Ho</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Joe_Biden">Joe Biden (D)</a> </p> </td> <td> August 18, 2023 - </td> <td> <p> Princeton University, 1999 </p> </td> <td> <p> Yale Law School, 2005 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Margaret_Garnett">Margaret Garnett</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Joe_Biden">Joe Biden (D)</a> </p> </td> <td> January 9, 2024 - </td> <td> <p> University of Notre Dame, 1992 </p> </td> <td> <p> Columbia Law School, 2000 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Jeannette_Vargas">Jeannette Vargas</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Joe_Biden">Joe Biden (D)</a> </p> </td> <td> November 6, 2024 - </td> <td> <p> Harvard College, 1995 </p> </td> <td> <p> Yale Law School, 2000 </p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>The list below displays the number of active judges by the party of the appointing president. It does not reflect how a judge may rule on specific cases or their own political preferences. </p> <ul><li><span style="color:#003388;">Democrat appointed: 20</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Republican appointed: 7</span></li></ul> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Western_District">Western District</span></h4> <table border="1" class="wikitable sortable jquery-tablesorter" style="font-size:90%; width: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Judge</th> <th>Appointed By</th> <th>Assumed Office</th> <th>Bachelors</th> <th>Law</th> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Elizabeth_A._Wolford">Elizabeth A. Wolford</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Barack_Obama">Barack Obama (D)</a> </p> </td> <td> December 17, 2013 - </td> <td> <p> Colgate University, 1989 </p> </td> <td> <p> Notre Dame Law School, 1992 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Lawrence_Joseph_Vilardo">Lawrence Joseph Vilardo</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Barack_Obama">Barack Obama (D)</a> </p> </td> <td> October 29, 2015 - </td> <td> <p> Canisius College, 1977 </p> </td> <td> <p> Harvard Law School, 1980 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/John_Sinatra">John Sinatra</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Donald_Trump">Donald Trump (R)</a> </p> </td> <td> December 5, 2019 - </td> <td> <p> State University of New York, Buffalo, 1993 </p> </td> <td> <p> State University of New York, Buffalo School of Law, 1996 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Meredith_Vacca">Meredith Vacca</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Joe_Biden">Joe Biden (D)</a> </p> </td> <td> July 31, 2024 - </td> <td> <p> Colgate University, 2002 </p> </td> <td> <p> State University of New York, Buffalo School of Law, 2005 </p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>The list below displays the number of active judges by the party of the appointing president. It does not reflect how a judge may rule on specific cases or their own political preferences. </p> <ul><li><span style="color:#003388;">Democrat appointed: 3</span></li> <li><span style="color:#FF0000;">Republican appointed: 1</span></li></ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="District_map">District map</span></h3> <center><iframe title="New York federal district courts" aria-label="USA new york counties choropleth map" id="datawrapper-chart-W3xPk" src="//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/W3xPk/1/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;" height="400"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",function(a){if(void 0!==a.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var e in a.data["datawrapper-height"]){var t=document.getElementById("datawrapper-chart-"+e)||document.querySelector("iframe[src*='"+e+"']");if(t)(t.style.height=a.data["datawrapper-height"][e]+"px")}})}();</script></center> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Judicial_selection">Judicial selection</span></h3> <p>Judges who sit on the federal district courts are nominated by the <a href="/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">president of the United States</a> and confirmed by the <a href="/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a>. These judges serve life terms. To read more about the judges on these courts, click <a href="/Federal_judge" title="Federal judge">here</a>. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Bankruptcy_courts">Bankruptcy courts</span></h3> <p>There are four <a href="/United_States_bankruptcy_court" title="United States bankruptcy court">federal bankruptcy courts</a> in New York. These courts have subject-matter jurisdiction over bankruptcy cases. The federal bankruptcy courts in New York are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/United_States_bankruptcy_court,_Eastern_District_of_New_York" title="United States bankruptcy court, Eastern District of New York">United States bankruptcy court, Eastern District of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/United_States_bankruptcy_court,_Northern_District_of_New_York" title="United States bankruptcy court, Northern District of New York">United States bankruptcy court, Northern District of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/United_States_bankruptcy_court,_Southern_District_of_New_York" title="United States bankruptcy court, Southern District of New York">United States bankruptcy court, Southern District of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/United_States_bankruptcy_court,_Western_District_of_New_York" title="United States bankruptcy court, Western District of New York">United States bankruptcy court, Western District of New York</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="State_court_of_appeals">State court of appeals</span></h2> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/State_of_New_York_Court_of_Appeals" title="State of New York Court of Appeals">State of New York Court of Appeals</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>The <a href="/New_York_Court_of_Appeals" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Court of Appeals">New York Court of Appeals</a> is the state's court of last resort. As the state's highest court, civil and criminal appeals from the supreme courts and appellate division courts in the state are heard by the Court of Appeals. Some cases may be appealed directly to this court from the state supreme courts.<sup id="cite_ref-appeals_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-appeals-2">[2]</a></sup> </p><p>Determinations made by the State Commission on Judicial Conduct regarding judicial misconduct allegations may also be appealed to this court.<sup id="cite_ref-SCJC_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCJC-3">[3]</a></sup> </p><p>The following judges sit on the court: </p><p><style> table#officeholder-table th, td { padding:5px; font-size: 16px; } @media only screen and (max-width: 600px) { table#officeholder-table th, td {font-size: 10px; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 600px) { table #officeholder-table td { </p> <pre> padding-left: 10px !important; padding-right: 10px !important; </pre> <p>} } .partytd.Democratic { background-color: #003388; color: white; text-align: center; } .partytd.Republican { background-color: #db0000; color: white; text-align: center; } .partytd.Libertarian { background-color: #fdd007; text-align: center; } .partytd.Green { background-color: #6db24f; color: white; text-align: center; } .partytd.Gray { text-align: center; } .bptable.gray th { background:#4c4c4c;color:#fff; } </style> </p> <div> <p><br /> </p><table class="bptable gray sortable" id="officeholder-table" style="width:auto; border-bottom:1px solid #bcbcbc;"> <thead> <tr colspan="4" style="background:#4c4c4c!important;color:#fff!important;text-align:center;padding: 7px 8px 8px;margin-bottom:4px;"> <th>Office</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Party</th> <th>Date assumed office</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding-left:10px;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/State_of_New_York_Court_of_Appeals">New York Court of Appeals</a></td> <td style="padding-left:10px;text-align:center;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Anthony_Cannataro">Anthony Cannataro</a></td> <td class="partytd Gray">Nonpartisan</td> <td style="text-align:center;">June 8, 2021</td> </tr><tr> <td style="padding-left:10px;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/State_of_New_York_Court_of_Appeals">New York Court of Appeals</a></td> <td style="padding-left:10px;text-align:center;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Michael_Garcia_(New_York)">Michael Garcia</a></td> <td class="partytd Gray">Nonpartisan</td> <td style="text-align:center;">February 8, 2016</td> </tr><tr> <td style="padding-left:10px;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/State_of_New_York_Court_of_Appeals">New York Court of Appeals</a></td> <td style="padding-left:10px;text-align:center;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Caitlin_J._Halligan">Caitlin J. Halligan</a></td> <td class="partytd Gray">Nonpartisan</td> <td style="text-align:center;">April 19, 2023</td> </tr><tr> <td style="padding-left:10px;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/State_of_New_York_Court_of_Appeals">New York Court of Appeals</a></td> <td style="padding-left:10px;text-align:center;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Jenny_Rivera">Jenny Rivera</a></td> <td class="partytd Gray">Nonpartisan</td> <td style="text-align:center;">February 11, 2013</td> </tr><tr> <td style="padding-left:10px;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/State_of_New_York_Court_of_Appeals">New York Court of Appeals</a></td> <td style="padding-left:10px;text-align:center;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Madeline_Singas">Madeline Singas</a></td> <td class="partytd Gray">Nonpartisan</td> <td style="text-align:center;">June 8, 2021</td> </tr><tr> <td style="padding-left:10px;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/State_of_New_York_Court_of_Appeals">New York Court of Appeals</a></td> <td style="padding-left:10px;text-align:center;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Shirley_Troutman">Shirley Troutman</a></td> <td class="partytd Gray">Nonpartisan</td> <td style="text-align:center;">January 12, 2022</td> </tr><tr> <td style="padding-left:10px;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/State_of_New_York_Court_of_Appeals">New York Court of Appeals</a></td> <td style="padding-left:10px;text-align:center;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Rowan_Wilson">Rowan Wilson</a></td> <td class="partytd Gray">Nonpartisan</td> <td style="text-align:center;">February 6, 2017</td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p><script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery.tablesorter/2.29.6/js/jquery.tablesorter.js" type="text/javascript"></script> </p> </div> <p><br /> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="State_supreme_court">State supreme court</span></h2> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Supreme_Court_of_the_State_of_New_York" title="Supreme Court of the State of New York">Supreme Court of the State of New York</a></i></dd> <dd><i>See also: <a href="/New_York_Supreme_Court,_Appellate_Division" title="New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division">New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>The <b><a href="/Supreme_Court_of_the_State_of_New_York" title="Supreme Court of the State of New York">Supreme Court of the State of New York</a></b> presides in each of New York's 62 counties. These courts are the highest <a href="/Trial_court" title="Trial court">trial courts</a> in New York State, and are of general jurisdiction. While they have jurisdiction in all criminal and civil matters, the supreme courts in practice decide mainly civil cases outside of New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-budget_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-budget-4">[4]</a></sup> <a href="/New_York_County_Courts" title="New York County Courts">County courts</a> handle criminal prosecutions in the counties.<sup id="cite_ref-county_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-county-5">[5]</a></sup> The New York Supreme Courts are <i>not</i> New York's courts of last resort. The <a href="/New_York_Court_of_Appeals" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Court of Appeals">Court of Appeals</a> is the highest court in New York.<sup id="cite_ref-budget_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-budget-4">[4]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Appellate_division">Appellate division</span></h3> <dl><dd><dl><dd>See also: <b><a href="/New_York_Supreme_Court,_Appellate_Division" title="New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division">New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division</a></b></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>The <b><a href="/New_York_Supreme_Court,_Appellate_Division" title="New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division">New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division</a></b> is the <a href="/List_of_state_intermediate_appellate_courts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state intermediate appellate courts">intermediate appellate court</a> in <a href="/New_York" title="New York">New York</a>. It is the appellate arm of the <a href="/Supreme_Court_of_the_State_of_New_York" title="Supreme Court of the State of New York">Supreme Court of the State of New York</a>. The appellate division is composed of four departments.<sup id="cite_ref-app_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-app-6">[6]</a></sup> Each department of the New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division, resolves appeals from the superior courts in civil and criminal cases. The appellate division also reviews civil appeals taken from the lower courts functioning as appellate courts. For the first and second departments, established in New York City, the lower courts are the Appellate Terms. For the third and fourth departments, the lower courts are the <a href="/New_York_County_Courts" title="New York County Courts">county courts</a>. The appellate division can review questions of law and fact, and it can make new findings of fact. The appellate division hears some original cases along with the appeals originating in the lower appellate courts.<sup id="cite_ref-app_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-app-6">[6]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1st_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1st-7">[7]</a></sup> </p><p>The following judges sit on the court: </p> <table border="1" class="wikitable sortable jquery-tablesorter" style="font-size:90%; width: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Judge</th> <th>Tenure</th> <th>Appointed By</th> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Martin_Shulman">Martin Shulman</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> July 13, 2020 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> Andrew Cuomo </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Saliann_Scarpulla">Saliann Scarpulla</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> 2020 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> Andrew Cuomo </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Manuel_J._Mendez">Manuel J. Mendez</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> 2020 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> Andrew Cuomo </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/David_Friedman">David Friedman</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> 1999 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> George Pataki </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Dianne_Renwick">Dianne T. Renwick</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> 2008 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> David Paterson </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Bahaati_Pitt">Bahaati Pitt</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> May 25, 2021 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> Andrew Cuomo </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/John_Higgitt">John Higgitt</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> 2021 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> Andrew Cuomo </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Peter_H._Moulton">Peter H. Moulton</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> 2017 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> Andrew Cuomo </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Anil_C._Singh">Anil C. Singh</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> 2017 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> Andrew Cuomo </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Cynthia_Kern">Cynthia Kern</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> 2017 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> Andrew Cuomo </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Ellen_Gesmer">Ellen Gesmer</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> February 18, 2016 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> Andrew Cuomo </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Sallie_Manzanet-Daniels">Sallie Manzanet-Daniels</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> 2009 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> David Paterson </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Barbara_R._Kapnick">Barbara R. Kapnick</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> 2014 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> Andrew Cuomo </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Julio_Rodriguez_(New_York)">Julio Rodriguez</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> 2021 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> Andrew Cuomo </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Troy_K._Webber">Troy K. Webber</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> 2016 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> Andrew Cuomo </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Tanya_Kennedy">Tanya Kennedy</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> 2020 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> Andrew Cuomo </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Lizbeth_Gonzalez">Lizbeth Gonzalez</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> November 1, 2019 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> Andrew Cuomo </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Stan_L._Pritzker">Stan L. Pritzker</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> May 26, 2017 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> Andrew Cuomo </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Christine_M._Clark">Christine M. Clark</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> 2014 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> Andrew Cuomo </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Andrew_G._Ceresia">Andrew G. Ceresia</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> January 4, 2022 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> Kathy Hochul </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Elizabeth_A._Garry">Elizabeth A. Garry</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> 2009 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> David Paterson </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/John_C._Egan_(New_York)">John C. Egan</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> 2010 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> David Paterson </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Michael_C._Lynch_(New_York)">Michael C. Lynch</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> 2014 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> Andrew Cuomo </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Molly_R._Fitzgerald">Molly R. Fitzgerald</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> November 6, 2019 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> Andrew Cuomo </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Sharon_A._M._Aarons">Sharon A. M. Aarons</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> March 1, 2016 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> Andrew Cuomo </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Eddie_McShan">Eddie McShan</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> February 1, 2022 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> Kathy Hochul </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Lisa_M._Fisher_(New_York)">Lisa M. Fisher</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> January 4, 2022 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> Kathy Hochul </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Hector_D._LaSalle">Hector D. LaSalle</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> 2014 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> Andrew Cuomo </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Colleen_Duffy">Colleen Duffy</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> 2014 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> Andrew Cuomo </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Angela_G._Iannacci">Angela G. Iannacci</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> 2017 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> Andrew Cuomo </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Betsy_Barros">Betsy Barros</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> 2014 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> Andrew Cuomo </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Cheryl_Chambers">Cheryl Chambers</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> 2008 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> Eliot Spitzer </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Francesca_Connolly">Francesca Connolly</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> 2016 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> Andrew Cuomo </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Linda_Christopher">Linda Christopher</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> 2017 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> Andrew Cuomo </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Mark_Dillon">Mark C. Dillon</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> August 25, 2005 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> George Pataki </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Robert_J._Miller_(New_York)">Robert J. Miller</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> December 21, 2010 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> David Paterson </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Paul_Wooten">Paul Wooten</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> November 1, 2019 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> Andrew Cuomo </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/William_G._Ford">William G. Ford</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> June 1, 2021 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> Andrew Cuomo </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Joseph_A._Zayas">Joseph A. Zayas</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> June 1, 2021 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> Andrew Cuomo </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Lara_J._Genovesi">Lara J. Genovesi</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> June 1, 2021 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> Andrew Cuomo </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Deborah_Dowling">Deborah Dowling</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> June 10, 2021 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> Andrew Cuomo </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Reinaldo_Rivera">Reinaldo E. Rivera</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> June 11, 2002 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> George Pataki </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Helen_Voutsinas">Helen Voutsinas</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> May 25, 2022 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> Kathy Hochul </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Barry_E._Warhit">Barry E. Warhit</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> May 25, 2022 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> Kathy Hochul </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Phillip_Hom">Phillip Hom</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> August 16, 2024 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> Kathy Hochul </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/James_P._McCormack">James P. McCormack</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> August 16, 2024 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> Kathy Hochul </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Donna-Marie_E._Golia">Donna-Marie E. Golia</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> August 16, 2024 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> Kathy Hochul </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Lillian_Wan">Lillian Wan</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> May 25, 2022 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> Kathy Hochul </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/John_M._Curran">John M. Curran</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> 2016 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> Andrew Cuomo </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Stephen_Lindley">Stephen K. Lindley</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> January 21, 2010 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> David Paterson </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Nancy_Smith_(New_York)">Nancy E. Smith</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> 2004 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> George Pataki </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Mark_A._Montour">Mark A. Montour</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> September 29, 2022 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> Kathy Hochul </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/E._Jeannette_Ogden">E. Jeannette Ogden</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> November 29, 2022 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> Kathy Hochul </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Donald_A._Greenwood">Donald A. Greenwood</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> January 26, 2023 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> Kathy Hochul </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Tracey_A._Bannister">Tracey A. Bannister</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> November 1, 2019 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> Andrew Cuomo </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Gerald_J._Whalen">Gerald J. Whalen</a> </p> </td> <td> <p> 2012 - Present </p> </td> <td> <p> Andrew Cuomo </p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Trial_courts">Trial courts</span></h2> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="County_courts">County courts</span></h3> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/New_York_County_Courts" title="New York County Courts">New York County Courts</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>With the exception of the five counties that comprise New York City, each county in the state has a county court. These 57 courts have jurisdiction over all criminal cases filed in the county, as well as civil lawsuits with an amount in controversy under $25,000.<sup id="cite_ref-county_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-county-5">[5]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="District_courts">District courts</span></h3> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/New_York_District_Courts" title="New York District Courts">New York District Courts</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>There are <a href="/New_York_District_Courts" title="New York District Courts">district courts</a> in <a href="/Nassau_County,_New_York_(Judicial)" title="Nassau County, New York (Judicial)">Nassau County</a> and <a href="/Suffolk_County,_New_York_(Judicial)" title="Suffolk County, New York (Judicial)">Suffolk County</a> that handle misdemeanors, lesser offenses like infractions, and civil lawsuits under $15,000.<sup id="cite_ref-guide_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guide-8">[8]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="City_courts">City courts</span></h3> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/New_York_City_Courts" title="New York City Courts">New York City Courts</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p><a href="/New_York_City_Courts" title="New York City Courts">City courts</a> in the state (outside of New York City) have jurisdiction over criminal cases occurring within their city, such as misdemeanors or infractions, and civil lawsuits where the amount in dispute is less than $15,000.<sup id="cite_ref-guide_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guide-8">[8]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Town_and_village_courts">Town and village courts</span></h3> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/New_York_Town_and_Village_Courts" title="New York Town and Village Courts">New York Town and Village Courts</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>There are 1,300 <a href="/New_York_Town_and_Village_Courts" title="New York Town and Village Courts">town and village courts</a> located throughout the state. Also called justice courts, these courts have jurisdiction over criminal matters such as misdemeanors and infractions where the potential punishment is under one year or a fine. The limit for civil matters handled by these courts is capped at $3,000. <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Family_courts">Family courts</span></h3> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/New_York_Family_Courts" title="New York Family Courts">New York Family Courts</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>Cases heard in <a href="/New_York_Family_Courts" title="New York Family Courts">family court</a> involve children and families. Family courts may approve adoptions, handle domestic violence matters and terminate parental rights, among other functions. The court does not hold jurisdiction over divorce proceedings. <sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span id="Surrogate.27s_court"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Surrogate's_court">Surrogate's court</span></h3> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/New_York_Surrogates%27_Courts" title="New York Surrogates' Courts">New York Surrogate's Court</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>The <a href="/New_York_Surrogates%27_Courts" title="New York Surrogates' Courts">surrogate's courts</a> hear cases involving adoptions, probate, and the administration of estates.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Courts_in_New_York_City">Courts in New York City</span></h2> <p>New York City has five <a href="/Supreme_Court_of_the_State_of_New_York" title="Supreme Court of the State of New York">supreme courts</a>, one for each of its five boroughs (<i>i.e.</i>, counties). Each court has two terms, or divisions, to hear cases originating within the city. The civil term has jurisdiction over civil matters with an amount in controversy of more than $25,000. Criminal felony cases, where the crime is punishable by more than one-year imprisonment, occurring in New York City are heard in the criminal term.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SCcriminal_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCcriminal-13">[13]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="New_York_City_Civil_Court">New York City Civil Court</span></h3> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/New_York_City_Civil_Court" title="New York City Civil Court">Civil Court of the City of New York</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>The <a href="/New_York_City_Civil_Court" title="New York City Civil Court">New York City Civil Courts</a> are trial courts of limited jurisdiction within each of New York City's five boroughs. Each has jurisdiction over landlord-tenant cases and civil claims up to $25,000. It also includes a small claims section for the informal resolution of cases involving lesser amounts, which is capped at $5,000.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="New_York_City_Criminal_Courts">New York City Criminal Courts</span></h3> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/New_York_City_Criminal_Courts" title="New York City Criminal Courts">The Criminal Court of the City of New York</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>The <a href="/New_York_City_Criminal_Courts" title="New York City Criminal Courts">New York City Criminal Courts</a> are located within each of New York City's five boroughs and have jurisdiction over misdemeanors committed within the city, crimes punishable by fine, preliminary hearings on felony arrests and prostitution-related crimes.<sup id="cite_ref-SCcriminal_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCcriminal-13">[13]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Courts_of_limited_jurisdiction">Courts of limited jurisdiction</span></h2> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Court_of_Claims">Court of Claims</span></h3> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/New_York_Court_of_Claims" title="New York Court of Claims">New York Court of Claims</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>Civil litigation for claims against the State of New York or related entities must be filed with the <a href="/New_York_Court_of_Claims" title="New York Court of Claims">Court of Claims</a>. The court is located in <a href="/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany, New York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Problem_solving_courts">Problem solving courts</span></h3> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/New_York_Problem_Solving_Courts" title="New York Problem Solving Courts">New York Problem Solving Courts</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>There are multiple <a href="/New_York_Problem_Solving_Courts" title="New York Problem Solving Courts">problem-solving courts</a> within the state of New York, including mental health courts, community courts, human trafficking courts, domestic violence courts, and drug treatment courts.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="In_other_states">In other states</span></h2> <div id="new-homepage-map-title">Click the map below to explore the court structure in other states.</div> <div id="new-homepage-map-container"><div class="mobile-only bp-map-dropdown"><select name="state" style="width:auto; border:1px solid #CCC;" onchange="dest='http://ballotpedia.org/Courts_in_STATE'; if($(this).val()!='') document.location = dest.replace('STATE', $(this).val().replace(' ', '_'));"><option value="">Choose your state...</option><option value="Alabama">Alabama</option><option value="Alaska">Alaska</option><option value="Arizona">Arizona</option><option value="Arkansas">Arkansas</option><option value="California">California</option><option value="Colorado">Colorado</option><option value="Connecticut">Connecticut</option><option value="Delaware">Delaware</option><option value="Florida">Florida</option><option value="Georgia">Georgia</option><option value="Hawaii">Hawaii</option><option value="Idaho">Idaho</option><option value="Illinois">Illinois</option><option value="Indiana">Indiana</option><option value="Iowa">Iowa</option><option 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System</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Footnotes">Footnotes</span></h2> <p> <script type="text/javascript"> if(document.getElementsByClassName("reference").length==0) if(document.getElementById('Footnotes')!==null) document.getElementById('Footnotes').parentNode.style.display = 'none'; </script> </p> <div class="references-small"><div class="mobile-columns"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NCSC-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NCSC_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211201234908/http://judicialselection.us/judicial_selection/methods/selection_of_judges.cfm?state=NY"><i>National Center for State Courts</i>, "State of New York," archived December 1, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-appeals-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-appeals_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.courts.state.ny.us/COURTS/cts-Appellate.shtml"><i>New York State Unified Court System</i>, "Appellate Courts, Overview," accessed March 4, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SCJC-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-SCJC_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.scjc.state.ny.us/Determinations/appealed_decisions.html"><i>New York State Commission on Judicial Conduct</i>, "Appealed Decisions," accessed March 4, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-budget-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-budget_4-0">4.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-budget_4-1">4.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://ww2.nycourts.gov/sites/default/files/document/files/2018-11/2019-20-JUDICIARY-Budget.pdf"><i>New York State Unified Court System</i>, "Budget - Fiscal Year 2019-2020," accessed March 4, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-county-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-county_5-0">5.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-county_5-1">5.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.nycourts.gov/COURTS/cts-outside-nyc-COUNTY.shtml"><i>New York State Unified Court System</i>, "Courts Outside New York City, County Court," accessed March 4, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-app-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-app_6-0">6.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-app_6-1">6.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.courts.state.ny.us/courts/appellatedivisions.shtml"><i>New York State Unified Court System</i>, "Appellate Divisions," accessed March 4, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1st-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1st_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.courts.state.ny.us/courts/AD1/courtinfo/aboutthecourt.shtml"><i>New York State Unified Court System</i>, "Appellate Division: First Judicial Department," March 4, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guide-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-guide_8-0">8.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-guide_8-1">8.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.nycourts.gov/admin/NYCourts-IntroGuide.pdf"><i>New York State Unified Court System</i>, "New York State Courts - An Introductory Guide," accessed March 4, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.nycourts.gov/courts/townandvillage/"><i>New York State Unified Court System</i>, "Courts Outside New York City - Family Court," accessed March 4, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.nycourts.gov/courts/cts-outside-nyc-FAMILY.shtml"><i>New York State Unified Court System</i>, "Courts Outside New York City - Family Court," accessed March 4, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.nycourts.gov/courts/cts-outside-nyc-SURROGATES.shtml"><i>New York State Unified Court System</i>, "Courts Outside of New York City - Surrogate's Court," accessed March 4, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.courts.state.ny.us/courts/cts-NYC.shtml"><i>New York State Unified Court System</i>, "New York City Courts," accessed March 4, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SCcriminal-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-SCcriminal_13-0">13.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-SCcriminal_13-1">13.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.courts.state.ny.us/COURTS/nyc/criminal/index.shtml"><i>New York State Unified Court System</i>, "NYC Criminal Court," accessed March 4, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.courts.state.ny.us/courts/nyc/civil/index.shtml"><i>New York State Unified Court System</i>, "New York City Civil Court," accessed March 4, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.nycourts.gov/COURTS/nyscourtofclaims/"><i>New York State Unified Court System</i>, "New York State Court of Claims," accessed March 4, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.courts.state.ny.us/courts/problem_solving/"><i>New York State Unified Court System</i>, "Problem-Solving Courts," accessed March 4, 2021</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div></div> <p> <style type="text/css"> .courts-container { background-color:#fcfcfc; width:100%; border:1px solid black;padding:5px;text-align:center;clear:both; } .courts-header { font-size:150%;background-color:#334aab;color:white;} .courts-container hr {background-color:#f0a236;padding-bottom:2px;} </style> </p> <div class="courts-container"> <div class="courts-header">New York courts</div> <hr /> <div style="font-size:80%;clear:both;"></div> <p><b>Federal courts:</b> </p><p><a href="/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_2nd_Circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Court of Appeals for the 2nd Circuit">Second Circuit Court of Appeals</a> • U.S. District Court: <a href="/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_New_York" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York">Eastern District of New York</a>, <a href="/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_New_York" title="United States District Court for the Western District of New York">Western District of New York</a>, <a href="/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_New_York" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of New York">Northern District of New York</a>, <a href="/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_New_York" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of New York">Southern District of New York</a> • U.S. Bankruptcy Court: <a href="/United_States_bankruptcy_court,_Eastern_District_of_New_York" title="United States bankruptcy court, Eastern District of New York">Eastern District of New York</a>, <a href="/United_States_bankruptcy_court,_Western_District_of_New_York" title="United States bankruptcy court, Western District of New York">Western District of New York</a>, <a href="/United_States_bankruptcy_court,_Northern_District_of_New_York" title="United States bankruptcy court, Northern District of New York">Northern District of New York</a>, <a href="/United_States_bankruptcy_court,_Southern_District_of_New_York" title="United States bankruptcy court, Southern District of New York">Southern District of New York</a> </p><p><b>State courts:</b> </p><p><a href="/New_York_Court_of_Appeals" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Court of Appeals">New York Court of Appeals</a> • <a href="/New_York_Supreme_Court,_Appellate_Division" title="New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division">New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division</a> • <a href="/New_York_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Supreme Court">New York Supreme Court</a> • <a href="/New_York_County_Courts" title="New York County Courts">New York County Courts</a> • <a href="/New_York_City_Courts" title="New York City Courts">New York City Courts</a> • <a href="/New_York_Town_and_Village_Courts" title="New York Town and Village Courts">New York Town and Village Courts</a> • <a href="/New_York_Family_Courts" title="New York Family Courts">New York Family Courts</a> • <a href="/New_York_Surrogates%27_Courts" title="New York Surrogates' Courts">New York Surrogates' Courts</a> • <a href="/New_York_City_Civil_Court" title="New York City Civil Court">New York City Civil Court</a> • <a href="/New_York_City_Criminal_Courts" title="New York City Criminal Courts">New York City Criminal Courts</a> • <a href="/New_York_Court_of_Claims" title="New York Court of Claims">New York Court of Claims</a> • <a href="/New_York_Problem_Solving_Courts" title="New York Problem Solving Courts">New York Problem Solving Courts</a> </p><p><b>State resources:</b> </p><p><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Courts in New York</a> • <a href="/New_York_judicial_elections" title="New York judicial elections">New York judicial elections</a> • <a href="/Judicial_selection_in_New_York" title="Judicial selection in New York">Judicial selection in New York</a> </p> </div> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:xx-small; ;;border:none;;"><a href="/Template:Courts_by_state" title="Template:Courts by state"><span title="View this template" style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Courts_by_state&action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;;border:none;;" title="You can edit 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Please use the preview button before saving.">e</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/Category:Courts_by_state" title="Category:Courts by state">Courts by state</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Courts_in_Alabama" title="Courts in Alabama">Alabama</a> • <a href="/Courts_in_Alaska" title="Courts in Alaska">Alaska</a> • <a href="/Courts_in_Arizona" title="Courts in Arizona">Arizona</a> • <a href="/Courts_in_Arkansas" title="Courts in Arkansas">Arkansas</a> • <a href="/Courts_in_California" title="Courts in California">California</a> • <a href="/Courts_in_Colorado" title="Courts in Colorado">Colorado</a> • <a href="/Courts_in_Connecticut" title="Courts in Connecticut">Connecticut</a> • <a href="/Courts_in_Delaware" title="Courts in Delaware">Delaware</a> • <a href="/Courts_in_Florida" title="Courts in 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