CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913567b64f08fd83',cH: 'I5xmiOQqA5u3hTjHWLUwEYh3ADAVsp2L4Z4u9WrWSGw-1739791404-1.2.1.1-WHkXWxcocgWnGzKmGp.ftGjPY7rsLAfgNw0h44TzQxiv7rlr3ILoCyZ8A1A8sGBp',cUPMDTk: "\/11981\/mla?__cf_chl_tk=VFZpnRY_PMyTNISP39NKgzU8Ezre61fVnAXtgUUlUos-1739791404-1.0.1.1-l2lgvdx78yJD5Dp0Nbba7WtvDCBJhjjtrug0L.bsmnY",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739791404',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/11981\/mla?__cf_chl_f_tk=VFZpnRY_PMyTNISP39NKgzU8Ezre61fVnAXtgUUlUos-1739791404-1.0.1.1-l2lgvdx78yJD5Dp0Nbba7WtvDCBJhjjtrug0L.bsmnY",md: "NJB0oqYZw1A9BwkQRXjQu9fKAAq9PNTd_ow0gJrX8bY-1739791404-1.2.1.1-RONLbgzZNAW6YLJEMh5vKRULCekx9VBQ2jyPZgcHTfFycUE8dllnzQ.lHSC5n1iPIOIn0qXP.CcfbzkG6zpDVH8i05Oh8HgBJ0PDQmj.wMcXTfZIBWSMg5mzj4QDA6fTcxBnRufI8gWePKSf1zozMarRi4QKlCH1ISdHuHG_rM_DE.sqrEs.JeSqlPBkLvFIzME3buaovZad_F0FjDUbv9q3shz_uL836jTYaxV9dYCi_0ILgWlvMmP9CehOQYcFU2AI3GXUtu3HO2Wo6j2kGu_sMLEOkfE3x_UBzgijKNT0gr1ee6DLU20VG5GNd1Ud.tv3OX6O4hcbjoTvLfvkQudo_kd.Qysul9crfp8TratSF8_UI7A.lhRI7DPzJbs_KCTWEjAqPWt57uCNtV.giHwXaRgSCbA6HlnungPNV3RdwF1qcRfqxeHkIhO4DTWjzQBBwcHpeSIZNJM92EiChUNGnebju9icrQ3PDnkzDLMdNw11SakUS4JUiBOIVJS.0OiJdLmKARU_G9ZgiAnqi61i1Yq9OjhBvpoCC23pLfC_1TS2ipf3FoocI9tIR1q8jb0iI7BwzlGaNGAmHXqAc6QQmkURJkw..irC2YYzOjL0UbYFUOx0ZBuM3dfryekNeW17bB38fMQtdhLUpMhIsIuzhoxXMFjdYpLZOwU8Yt69p6aiuAM.h8.1Tkni.AcspczYaXPDnfSKV6jk9It.5CuCaqZx055SmQtFUgUC9Gz0c7C6hatWuqEoNKQx415xHF0r7S42Ppge2tfEmct80OSpbJWUE4jomD0FhuXhUe8ytG8ndSQOcrSzlZO6CF4Yzgg2VVpo5dwZlIqvyg1udZLUz7Jz2SgKUZ1bk_jSfE9c9koAdHljdQzagoRT6VkxGivqMrRt6PJftL9DI4vaQ_uPwFdzI8.F8r10G9vBOXSCTZgsmSOdRHuDGrJhsCFN3sFaI_EUh7nm_ynxhcSl_wZNx9omaX.DkWcW7EDypFYfxyXV4a3ql_yZw692kzYXZvR0iw5WTXZXx2FPGAAOxd7qsS6I1j3VnFF4istSMewIAty3sP1l3aDf96Fw983iB3_et0j5ugpaHsbrRJMeCzPkHwwVUpXl1kFWNzw13kXSU1i5sNRapLNrmMSvT30HeUsTnpeP8TNiuph9jNaxaz1O3O7.WQFN6dX_gS6ZNWGd8ff5vQSb7wYyS9iZ.YKJ7A6yW.igpVbPV2cUfyWIVR63szyUvGFWEx6TsP7YByl1bMwoBN.8EJ2nroe053FjoULB59gedGXmFKmY4jIctNvFTzBSBR0fBBnzxeOTRQ1T0NK7u_AKz6KlJ.ktITfMD_nNEJceFGvfnhE8xXuc28ULWN4D4hKu1sM7bOHwCNE3RZ7rR.BqSIsFbP9HV8BZH7sUEsp3KOws7qXg3t7cxtXFLKrYFeoO6shJOkcpEBEJy12aD2fu9vpKohLqs6.KBZOav2PeOhuVRGFRfGrnUUmgJFRd9ZDHyFjz1VYRo_K1HvOoQUca2Mo669ksEggjM2KnfJqxg2oxmz9mOq3vAyAv.tOAy4PMF_10QLwDhV8ozRIGuSXsXQuaOTGD3QU36pieJBRZn7y2q9zKjOFVRGOjivkhNhIxCsjA.fPQzt5DARU7Ur0xo_zcA37DhsLnd_Z4nyMGqTSzswUGFw_TuJGwGKroYESZBXGb6qdy05Jg_xrBWfcPYDcIiVJXa4YbuNW7y5nI2VFHoR.x6H172wk0K9vnySp3FzdcFhSKk.cgSUam22Jqc29I8CxFzWpkvA8XUOSu_YOI7Dz6fPN6SyGl0TGLYWcwmfH_EWG1Kudiv7xykuWH.3cGOx7KGyf6fV0ONiVN1lbJ.RvnGvWf2ksEwpdYSNYkLFalBXRxz.U",mdrd: "aAWNbzIC_tfk3Y_ETbNhSEU5p8BqU03piL082qL.1.E-1739791404-1.2.1.1-U_2lO3XrN_2ruDhGr31HFED.yciDx8q3RRNjY9f1yBffmQob05Ht4qN90FP4cEQ2kfserUK7.BSPrhzCfHJ9CqobfBxw9J.HWriSVKNJ6bGwQ33Nns6ghPRuA3NbaSb1P6yF3kcCJ3bQUv4Wazz1iopX5s3z1EjoFL0MxRwvinxNhthbkQPiQj53z6sPJV_U8n.SHsFGtDu8SP_j0vOzVfo31yRCu5jXBd7bTCR4fPtCTlmmkhAgwK_Vog2s6BkBwV6vNAqYF6Cf5kPsbQ4V1VZCRxReLTeYJHACwJRPwrEe4IwLVlQRAyorX1cEtVFElHRVPsuAjhAok1aTZV3TDhOsR5f9O3U4x5awx856rCq3UV9XF_Xq3kMrDTjW02lKfA1cv0hDGp_2KaBknkhy1v0DJd9qyPLGs5X.QpTyYAEFpMuwpkxl.QEYccUrofIbi9DfRy4ucT9r1q1jRH4MmJc02E8sXu9x0auN_cbJ6hOIqCQk2DcUv3OEtFGpYQb8H3k7ZQ9LLy7YWI3Q6AlTcc5RAnrZ8gb0Shl7.fPr7XTx514wpQlR4oCH4QXIpXr_o3Y4bzwTmG5fatyI5JG1gASCjL_5Z7nXjY3BVn19soHNfxkRKdnNl7CS2to7On4ITyP2N1JMhUYKWJ1oumzN0HaVRUkLx7ni8XO9vdsVC6uPYZ0YRkfnNlRo5i6lbR49SdgXbxrNZYoTUBDidc8k9NBNB.AteY6hQ6q1FeW.ZszeDV4Ji2Zx_R8uc5GfMs6fVGI7ZNACgpwf7cIOp8a_Y83PwB1ul0yJEX0Jgk7kcWunojLqNSUxDCf4Osv5BPQivD00CzDj9CzZisqy5rIESWEGRGeEejLQ34FftJBsmbrHXSXSzaWAD_ckNaEtuiocnNY114a2PxNoH2dKHCSbYFYQ01y.URaaL6Yv4t1p6YqvQqAqz2BnxNvO8f1QgU5dXMTa4f8TVugZb232kKW0Y4lM0D14KL2qoEwzaSqLaYr5Ixa9A_UxlCuS67efEGD_4y1vYhn23lWRvWfzL1fwxSC1lD75uPXPibyAgj4cY7gWaQm1IomYNnXLydmMwJuWlc1w_0Tsr_Jwd1CXkRIOfVVH0fdLe0qeQnAe7gifg6phWursBrDgRyuwh3G524YkgcChhxessMGtZeaCbhQW75hBdHeXhMdIoTO5oC4dSFneQ6HfDU73090k9klXSeG4M4h65xQR_ONdBamkGyYOulvlLvuiYgSSxLVPILW6Kklfq2Ibx1QQpiSAZkEaqqOMvHgsxQZQHTs6aEWCQ.1Wb17IC5tTpro3vzc.1kzhB6NSQTWXDyG4e_.6luey.cHNbIWekLyylGeRaxLN.8GnXEs4MW6xxQgpMjiwwSvSQqrVfoJucUMEB.arlvc718ELwYDrEkDcjHRRxMzouacercqAj90xarZBWLUJVOTwX3eX2GwALPI0fOkXCHXkmjBEWW2MV29Mpa2fX5iVYXpIiEEhP5INJNrY8PfEoozPM29MHu4IbtRn7jkUl6r9u7CAArYOyt1VYq.eyMkXXjkMqHbssxXmR3pSekSfaTZfewE8CROo545.9.nZCzqza5XZ2vGAF86DFPeiXuYEeI64hVJzm2nlupJbh4Nwq30KMtHTmkx1a2gKGC6Ivg.F3stjZxwU2_pWowWLrwlatEeESJ4YTkQJHjy0MRHX3GLnDp1rdupHxFxr5VHmquPFqiFnr.Bl7gTPmp60LrOxx9Wk4._vln33xYgDd1PvIEblWue3rcZHbVPMwG2cUfPxsygT8NVN9pSYIANSNyATZaDf_zdjgSq10qY.96GSRLejscyvLaIU0ryo_GPf3DcJ_oscmBtvRSfKGeHXR94A84JY0U9PXutN41NSgqX.IpfzHf.T1u._BPATdNf7ng0hpBH.azD_2FIzEjqmSfrooJyhePhW2Sf6.dU6sxyi32cMuzYf1QUBCIB_Tp1zGEaUXi_BpgUneGayq2fuL7R67mIhjw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913567b64f08fd83';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/11981\/mla?__cf_chl_rt_tk=VFZpnRY_PMyTNISP39NKgzU8Ezre61fVnAXtgUUlUos-1739791404-1.0.1.1-l2lgvdx78yJD5Dp0Nbba7WtvDCBJhjjtrug0L.bsmnY" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>