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href="#Career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Career </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Barack_Obama_political_campaigns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Barack_Obama_political_campaigns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Barack Obama political campaigns </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Barack_Obama_political_campaigns-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Barack Obama political campaigns subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Barack_Obama_political_campaigns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_campaigns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_campaigns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Early campaigns </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_campaigns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2008_presidential_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2008_presidential_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 2008 presidential campaign </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2008_presidential_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2012_presidential_re-election_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2012_presidential_re-election_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 2012 presidential re-election campaign </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2012_presidential_re-election_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_Lady_of_the_United_States_(2009–2017)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_Lady_of_the_United_States_(2009–2017)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 First Lady of the United States (2009–2017) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-First_Lady_of_the_United_States_(2009–2017)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle First Lady of the United States (2009–2017) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-First_Lady_of_the_United_States_(2009–2017)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Let's_Move!" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Let's_Move!"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Let's Move! </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Let's_Move!-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-LGBT_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LGBT_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 LGBT rights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-LGBT_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Domestic_travels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic_travels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Domestic travels </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestic_travels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_trips" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_trips"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Foreign trips </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_trips-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Midterm_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Midterm_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Midterm elections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Midterm_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_image_and_style" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_image_and_style"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7 Public image and style </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_image_and_style-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subsequent_activities_(2017–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subsequent_activities_(2017–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Subsequent activities (2017–present) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Subsequent_activities_(2017–present)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Subsequent activities (2017–present) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Subsequent_activities_(2017–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2024_U.S._presidential_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2024_U.S._presidential_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 2024 U.S. presidential election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2024_U.S._presidential_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Becoming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Becoming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Becoming </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Becoming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Podcast" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Podcast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Podcast </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Podcast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film_and_television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film_and_television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Film and television </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film_and_television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Light_We_Carry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Light_We_Carry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 The Light We Carry </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Light_We_Carry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Awards and honors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Michelle Obama</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 104 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-104" aria-hidden="true" > 104 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="ميشيل أوباما – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ميشيل أوباما" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="मिशेल ओबामा – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="मिशेल ओबामा" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C5%9Fel_Obama" title="Mişel Obama – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mişel Obama" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="میشل اوباما – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="میشل اوباما" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE" title="মিশেল ওবামা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মিশেল ওবামা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%88%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Мішэль Абама – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мішэль Абама" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%88%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Мішэль Абама – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мішэль Абама" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Мишел Обама – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мишел Обама" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obamov%C3%A1" title="Michelle Obamová – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Michelle Obamová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="मिसेल ओबामा – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="मिसेल ओबामा" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%AD%CE%BB_%CE%9F%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Μισέλ Ομπάμα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μισέλ Ομπάμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="میشل اوباما – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="میشل اوباما" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EC%85%B8_%EC%98%A4%EB%B0%94%EB%A7%88" title="미셸 오바마 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미셸 오바마" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%B7%D5%A5%D5%AC_%D5%95%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1" title="Միշել Օբամա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Միշել Օբամա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="मिशेल ओबामा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मिशेल ओबामा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%94" title="מישל אובמה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מישל אובמה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%92%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AE" title="ಮಿಚೆಲ್ ಒಬಾಮ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಿಚೆಲ್ ಒಬಾಮ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="მიშელ ობამა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მიშელ ობამა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Мишель Обама – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мишель Обама" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Мишель Обама – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мишель Обама" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michaela_Obama" title="Michaela Obama – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Michaela Obama" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C5%A1ela_Obama" title="Mišela Obama – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mišela Obama" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="मिसेल ओबामा – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="मिसेल ओबामा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Мишел Обама – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мишел Обама" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%87%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%92%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE" title="മിഷേൽ ഒബാമ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മിഷേൽ ഒബാമ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="मिशेल ओबामा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मिशेल ओबामा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="ميشيل اوباما – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ميشيل اوباما" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Мишель Обама – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мишель Обама" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%B2%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="မီရှဲလ် အိုဘားမား – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မီရှဲလ် အိုဘားမား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="मिसेल ओबामा – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मिसेल ओबामा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9F%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AA%E3%83%90%E3%83%9E" title="ミシェル・オバマ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ミシェル・オバマ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B2_%E0%AC%93%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BE" title="ମିଶେଲ ଓବାମା – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ମିଶେଲ ଓବାମା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE" title="ਮਿਸ਼ੇਲ ਓਬਾਮਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਿਸ਼ੇਲ ਓਬਾਮਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%81" title="مشل اوبامہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مشل اوبامہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0,_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Обама, Мишель – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Обама, Мишель" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Обама Мишел – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Обама Мишел" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obamov%C3%A1" title="Michelle Obamová – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Michelle Obamová" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8E%D9%84_%D8%A6%DB%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="میشێل ئۆباما – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="میشێل ئۆباما" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Мишел Обама – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мишел Обама" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" 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href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2" title="มิเชลล์ โอบามา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มิเชลล์ โอบามา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Мішель Обама – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мішель Обама" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="مشیل اوباما – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مشیل اوباما" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Michelle Obama" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" 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For the painting, see <a href="/wiki/First_Lady_Michelle_Obama_(painting)" title="First Lady Michelle Obama (painting)">First Lady Michelle Obama (painting)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Michelle Obama</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Michelle_Obama_2013_official_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Official portrait of Michelle Obama in the Green Room of the White House" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Michelle_Obama_2013_official_portrait.jpg/220px-Michelle_Obama_2013_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Michelle_Obama_2013_official_portrait.jpg/330px-Michelle_Obama_2013_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Michelle_Obama_2013_official_portrait.jpg/440px-Michelle_Obama_2013_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2722" data-file-height="4096" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Official portrait, 2013</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_United_States" title="First Lady of the United States">First Lady of the United States</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In role January 20, 2009 – January 20, 2017</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Laura_Bush" title="Laura Bush">Laura Bush</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Melania_Trump" title="Melania Trump">Melania Trump</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Michelle LaVaughn Robinson</div> (1964-01-17) January 17, 1964 (age 60) <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, Illinois, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style>1992)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malia_Obama" class="mw-redirect" title="Malia Obama">Malia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasha_Obama" class="mw-redirect" title="Sasha Obama">Sasha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Barack_Obama#Fraser_C._Robinson_III_(1935–1991)" title="Family of Barack Obama">Fraser Robinson III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Shields_Robinson" class="mw-redirect" title="Marian Shields Robinson">Marian Shields</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Obama_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Obama family">Obama family</a> (by marriage)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Robinson_(basketball)" title="Craig Robinson (basketball)">Craig Robinson</a> (brother)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">JD</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Michelle_Obama_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Michelle Obama's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Michelle_Obama_signature.svg/128px-Michelle_Obama_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Michelle_Obama_signature.svg/192px-Michelle_Obama_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Michelle_Obama_signature.svg/256px-Michelle_Obama_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="117" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage listen-center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Michelle_Obama_voice.ogg" title="File:Michelle Obama voice.ogg">Michelle Obama's voice</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="217" data-mwtitle="Michelle_Obama_voice.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/Michelle_Obama_voice.ogg/Michelle_Obama_voice.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Michelle_Obama_voice.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">Obama on the <a href="/wiki/Soweto_uprising" title="Soweto uprising">Soweto uprising</a> and female leadership in Africa Recorded June 23, 2011</div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Michelle LaVaughn Robinson Obama<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names" title="Birth name">née</a> Robinson; born January 17, 1964) is an American attorney and author who served as the <a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_United_States" title="First Lady of the United States">first lady of the United States</a> from 2009 to 2017, being married to <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>, the 44th <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">president of the United States</a>. Raised on the <a href="/wiki/South_Side_of_Chicago" class="mw-redirect" title="South Side of Chicago">South Side of Chicago</a>, Obama is a graduate of <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard Law School</a>. In her early legal career, she worked at the law firm <a href="/wiki/Sidley_Austin" title="Sidley Austin">Sidley Austin</a> where she met her future husband. She subsequently worked in nonprofits and as the associate dean of Student Services at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>. Later, she served as vice president for community and external affairs of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Medical_Center" title="University of Chicago Medical Center">University of Chicago Medical Center</a>. Michelle married Barack in 1992, and they have two daughters. Obama campaigned for her husband's <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign">2008</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign">2012</a> presidential campaigns. She was the first African-American woman to serve as first lady. As first lady, Obama worked as an advocate for poverty awareness, education, nutrition, physical activity, and healthy eating. She has written three books including her <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Best_Seller_list" title="The New York Times Best Seller list">The New York Times best selling</a> memoir <a href="/wiki/Becoming_(book)" title="Becoming (book)">Becoming</a> (2018) and <a href="/wiki/The_Light_We_Carry" title="The Light We Carry">The Light We Carry</a> (2022). <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_and_education">Family and education</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Family_of_Barack_Obama#Michelle_Obama's_extended_family" title="Family of Barack Obama">Family of Barack Obama § Michelle Obama's extended family</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life_and_ancestry">Early life and ancestry</h3></div> Michelle LaVaughn Robinson was born on January 17, 1964, in Chicago, Illinois, to Fraser Robinson III (1935–1991),<a href="#cite_note-TFToMOtFL-2">[2]</a> a city water plant employee and <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> <a href="/wiki/Precinct_captain" title="Precinct captain">precinct captain</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Marian_Shields_Robinson" class="mw-redirect" title="Marian Shields Robinson">Marian Shields Robinson</a> (1937–2024), a secretary at <a href="/wiki/Spiegel_(catalog)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiegel (catalog)">Spiegel's catalog store</a>.<a href="#cite_note-womanbehind-3">[3]</a> Her mother was a full-time homemaker until Michelle entered high school.<a href="#cite_note-PAW2009-4">[4]</a> The Robinson and Shields families trace their roots to pre-<a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a> African Americans in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">American South</a>.<a href="#cite_note-TFToMOtFL-2">[2]</a> On her father's side, she is descended from the <a href="/wiki/Gullah" title="Gullah">Gullah</a> people of South Carolina's <a href="/wiki/Lowcountry" class="mw-redirect" title="Lowcountry">Lowcountry</a> region.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> Her paternal great-great-grandfather, Jim Robinson, was born into <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">slavery</a> in 1850 on <a href="/wiki/Friendfield_Plantation" title="Friendfield Plantation">Friendfield Plantation</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Georgetown,_South_Carolina" title="Georgetown, South Carolina">Georgetown, South Carolina</a>.<a href="#cite_note-soil-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-cabin-7">[7]</a> He became a <a href="/wiki/Freedman" title="Freedman">freedman</a> at age 15 after the war. Some of Obama's paternal family still reside in the Georgetown area.<a href="#cite_note-BBC1-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPR-9">[9]</a> Her grandfather, Fraser Robinson Jr., built his own house in South Carolina. He and his wife LaVaughn (née Johnson) returned to the Lowcountry from Chicago after retirement.<a href="#cite_note-soil-6">[6]</a> Among her maternal ancestors was her great-great-great-grandmother, Melvinia Dosey Shields,<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> born into slavery in South Carolina but sold to Henry Walls Shields, who had a 200-acre farm in <a href="/wiki/Clayton_County,_Georgia" title="Clayton County, Georgia">Clayton County, Georgia</a>, near Atlanta. Melvinia's first son, Adolphus T. Shields, was biracial and born into slavery around 1860. Based on DNA and other evidence, in 2012, researchers said his father was likely 20-year-old Charles Marion Shields, son of Melvinia's master. They may have had a continuing relationship, as she had two more mixed-race children and lived near Shields after emancipation, taking his surname (she later changed her surname).<a href="#cite_note-swarns-11">[11]</a> As was often the case, Melvinia did not talk to relatives about Dolphus's father.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-maternal_ancestry-12">[12]</a> Dolphus Shields, with his wife Alice, moved to <a href="/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama" title="Birmingham, Alabama">Birmingham, Alabama</a>, after the Civil War. They were great-great-grandparents of Robinson, whose grandparents had moved to Chicago.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-maternal_ancestry-12">[12]</a> Other of their children's lines migrated to <a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a>, Ohio, in the 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-swarns-11">[11]</a> All four of Robinson's grandparents had multiracial ancestors, reflecting the complex history of the United States. Her extended family has said that people did not talk about the era of slavery when they were growing up.<a href="#cite_note-swarns-11">[11]</a> Her distant ancestry includes Irish, English, and Native American roots.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Among her contemporary extended family is <a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">Rabbi</a> <a href="/wiki/Capers_Funnye" title="Capers Funnye">Capers Funnye</a>, her first cousin once removed born in Georgetown, South Carolina. Funnye is the son of her paternal grandfather's sister and her husband, and he is about 12 years older than Michelle. He converted to Judaism after college.<a href="#cite_note-NYT090402-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-fwd-15">[15]</a> Robinson's childhood home was on the upper floor of 7436 South Euclid Avenue in Chicago's <a href="/wiki/South_Shore,_Chicago" title="South Shore, Chicago">South Shore</a> <a href="/wiki/Community_areas_of_Chicago" class="mw-redirect" title="Community areas of Chicago">community area</a>, which her parents rented from her great-aunt, who had the first floor.<a href="#cite_note-womanbehind-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-WaPo2009-02-01-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-NY052404-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-MOAL-18">[18]</a> She was raised in what she describes as a "conventional" home, with "the mother at home, the father works, you have dinner around the table".<a href="#cite_note-FLIW-19">[19]</a> Her elementary school was down the street. She and her family enjoyed playing games such as <a href="/wiki/Monopoly_(board_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Monopoly (board game)">Monopoly</a>, reading, and frequently saw extended family on both sides.<a href="#cite_note-MOSS-20">[20]</a> She played piano,<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> learning from her great-aunt, who was a piano teacher.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> The Robinsons attended services at nearby South Shore United Methodist Church.<a href="#cite_note-WaPo2009-02-01-16">[16]</a> They used to vacation in a rustic cabin in <a href="/wiki/White_Cloud,_Michigan" title="White Cloud, Michigan">White Cloud, Michigan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WaPo2009-02-01-16">[16]</a> She and her 21-month-older brother, <a href="/wiki/Craig_Robinson_(basketball)" title="Craig Robinson (basketball)">Craig</a>, skipped the second grade.<a href="#cite_note-womanbehind-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Robinson's father suffered from <a href="/wiki/Multiple_sclerosis" title="Multiple sclerosis">multiple sclerosis</a>, which had a profound effect on her. Subsequently, she was determined to stay out of trouble and perform well in school.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> By sixth grade, Michelle joined a gifted class at Bryn Mawr Elementary School (later renamed Bouchet Academy).<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> She attended <a href="/wiki/Whitney_M._Young_Magnet_High_School" title="Whitney M. Young Magnet High School">Whitney Young High School</a>,<a href="#cite_note-West-26">[26]</a> Chicago's first <a href="/wiki/Magnet_high_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnet high school">magnet high school</a>, established as a selective enrollment school, where she was a classmate of <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jesse Jackson</a>'s daughter <a href="/wiki/Santita_Jackson" title="Santita Jackson">Santita</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MOSS-20">[20]</a> The round-trip commute from the Robinsons' South Side home to the <a href="/wiki/Near_West_Side,_Chicago" title="Near West Side, Chicago">Near West Side</a>, where the school was located, took three hours.<a href="#cite_note-tn-27">[27]</a> Michelle recalled being fearful of how others would perceive her, but disregarded any negativity around her and used it "to fuel me, to keep me going".<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> She recalled facing <a href="/wiki/Gender_discrimination" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender discrimination">gender discrimination</a> growing up, saying, for example, that rather than asking her for her opinion on a given subject, people commonly tended to ask what her older brother thought.<a href="#cite_note-2015CNN-30">[30]</a> She was on the honor roll for four years, took <a href="/wiki/Advanced_placement" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced placement">advanced placement</a> classes, was a member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Honor_Society" title="National Honor Society">National Honor Society</a>, and served as <a href="/wiki/Student_council" title="Student council">student council</a> treasurer.<a href="#cite_note-womanbehind-3">[3]</a> She graduated in 1981 as the <a href="/wiki/Salutatorian" title="Salutatorian">salutatorian</a> of her class.<a href="#cite_note-tn-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education_and_early_career">Education and early career</h3></div> Robinson was inspired to follow her brother to <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>, which she entered in 1981.<a href="#cite_note-boston-globe-2008-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-PAW2009-4">[4]</a> She <a href="/wiki/Academic_major" title="Academic major">majored</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sociology" title="Sociology">sociology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Academic_minor" title="Academic minor">minored</a> in <a href="/wiki/African-American_studies" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American studies">African-American studies</a>, graduating <a href="/wiki/Latin_honors" title="Latin honors">cum laude</a> with a Bachelor of Arts in 1985 after completing a 99-page senior thesis titled Princeton-Educated Blacks and the Black Community under the supervision of Walter Wallace.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-womanbehind-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Robinson recalls that some of her teachers in high school tried to dissuade her from applying, and that she had been warned against "setting my sights too high".<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> She believed her brother's status as a student in good standing (he graduated in 1983) might have helped her during the admission process,<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> but she was resolved to demonstrate her own worth.<a href="#cite_note-Bond41-37">[37]</a> She has said she was overwhelmed during her first year, attributing this to the fact that neither of her parents had graduated from college,<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> and that she had never spent time on a college campus.<a href="#cite_note-TIME2015-39">[39]</a> The mother of a white roommate reportedly tried to get her daughter reassigned because of Michelle's race.<a href="#cite_note-boston-globe-2008-31">[31]</a> Robinson said being at Princeton was the first time she became more aware of her ethnicity and, despite the willingness of her classmates and teachers to reach out to her, she still felt "like a visitor on campus".<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> There were also issues of economic class. "I remember being shocked," she says, "by college students who drove <a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMWs</a>. I didn't even know parents who drove BMWs."<a href="#cite_note-tn-27">[27]</a> While at Princeton, Robinson became involved with the Third World Center (now known as the Carl A. Fields Center), an academic and cultural group who supported minority students. She ran their daycare center, which also offered after-school tutoring for older children.<a href="#cite_note-Biography_Today-42">[42]</a> She challenged the teaching methodology for French because she felt it should be more conversational.<a href="#cite_note-FWtWMO-43">[43]</a> As part of her requirements for graduation, she wrote a sociology thesis, entitled Princeton-Educated Blacks and the Black Community.<a href="#cite_note-thesis-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> She researched her thesis by sending a questionnaire to African-American graduates, asking that they specify when and how comfortable they were with their race prior to their enrollment at Princeton and how they felt about it when they were a student and since then. Of the 400 alumni to whom she sent the survey, fewer than 90 responded. Her findings did not support her hope that the black alumni would still identify with the African-American community, even though they had attended an elite university and had the advantages that accrue to its graduates.<a href="#cite_note-Bond44-46">[46]</a> Robinson pursued professional study, earning her <a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">Juris Doctor</a> (J.D.) degree from <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard Law School</a> in 1988.<a href="#cite_note-Princetonian-47">[47]</a> By the time she applied for Harvard Law, biographer Bond wrote, her confidence had increased: "This time around, there was no doubt in her mind that she had earned her place".<a href="#cite_note-Bond44-46">[46]</a> Her faculty mentor at Harvard Law was <a href="/wiki/Charles_Ogletree" title="Charles Ogletree">Charles Ogletree</a>, who has said she had answered the question that had plagued her throughout Princeton by the time she arrived at Harvard Law: whether she would remain the product of her parents or keep the identity she had acquired at Princeton; she had concluded she could be "both brilliant and black".<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> At Harvard, Robinson participated in demonstrations advocating the hiring of professors who were members of minority groups.<a href="#cite_note-Newsweek20080225-49">[49]</a> She worked for the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Legal_Aid_Bureau" title="Harvard Legal Aid Bureau">Harvard Legal Aid Bureau</a>, assisting low-income tenants with housing cases.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> She is the third first lady with a <a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_education" title="Postgraduate education">postgraduate degree</a>, after her two immediate predecessors, <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Laura_Bush" title="Laura Bush">Laura Bush</a>.<a href="#cite_note-VLiCBTO-51">[51]</a> She later said her education gave her opportunities beyond what she had ever imagined.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family_life">Family life</h3></div> Michelle's mother, Marian Robinson, was a stay-at-home mother.<a href="#cite_note-Michelle_Obama-53">[53]</a> Her father was Fraser C. Robinson III, who worked at the city's water purification plant.<a href="#cite_note-Michelle_Obama-53">[53]</a> Robinson's father, <a href="/wiki/Family_of_Barack_Obama#Fraser_C._Robinson_III_(1935–1991)" title="Family of Barack Obama">Fraser</a>, died from complications from his illness in March 1991.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> She would later say that although he was the "hole in my heart" and "loss in my scar", the memory of her father has motivated her each day since.<a href="#cite_note-TIME2015-39">[39]</a> Her friend Suzanne Alele died from cancer around this time as well. These losses made her think of her contributions toward society and how well she was influencing the world from her law firm in her first job after law school. She considered this a turning point.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> Robinson met <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> when they were among the few African Americans at their law firm, <a href="/wiki/Sidley_Austin" title="Sidley Austin">Sidley Austin</a> LLP (she has sometimes said only two, although others have noted that there were others in different departments).<a href="#cite_note-WMMB-56">[56]</a> She was assigned to mentor him while he was a <a href="/wiki/Summer_associate" class="mw-redirect" title="Summer associate">summer associate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MOCT-57">[57]</a> Their relationship started with a business lunch and then a <a href="/wiki/Community_organization" title="Community organization">community organization</a> meeting where he first impressed her.<a href="#cite_note-MOHSMOMF-58">[58]</a> Before meeting Obama, Michelle had told her mother she intended to focus solely on her career.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> The couple's first date was to <a href="/wiki/Spike_Lee" title="Spike Lee">Spike Lee</a>'s movie <a href="/wiki/Do_the_Right_Thing" title="Do the Right Thing">Do the Right Thing</a> (1989).<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Barack Obama has said the couple had an "opposites attract" scenario in their initial interest in each other since Michelle had stability from her two-parent home while he was "adventurous".<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> They married on October 3, 1992.<a href="#cite_note-MOHSMOMF-58">[58]</a> After suffering a miscarriage, Michelle underwent <a href="/wiki/In_vitro_fertilisation" title="In vitro fertilisation">in vitro fertilisation</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> to conceive their daughters Malia Ann (born 1998) and Natasha (known as Sasha, born 2001).<a href="#cite_note-Newsweek2007-63">[63]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ObamaHouseChicago.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/ff/ObamaHouseChicago.jpg/220px-ObamaHouseChicago.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/ff/ObamaHouseChicago.jpg/330px-ObamaHouseChicago.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/ff/ObamaHouseChicago.jpg/440px-ObamaHouseChicago.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5591" data-file-height="3849" /></a><figcaption>The Obama family home in Chicago</figcaption></figure> The Obama family lived on Chicago's South Side, where Barack taught at the University of Chicago Law School. He was elected to the state senate in 1996 and to the U.S. Senate in 2004. They chose to keep their residence in Chicago after Barack's election rather than to move to Washington, DC, as they felt it was better for their daughters. Throughout her husband's <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign">2008 campaign for U.S. president</a>, Obama made a "commitment to be away overnight only once a week – to campaign only two days a week and be home by the end of the second day" for their two daughters.<a href="#cite_note-PasadenaWeekly-64">[64]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barack_Obama_family_portrait_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Barack_Obama_family_portrait_2011.jpg/220px-Barack_Obama_family_portrait_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Barack_Obama_family_portrait_2011.jpg/330px-Barack_Obama_family_portrait_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Barack_Obama_family_portrait_2011.jpg/440px-Barack_Obama_family_portrait_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2731" /></a><figcaption>Official portrait by <a href="/wiki/Pete_Souza" title="Pete Souza">Pete Souza</a> of the Obama family in the <a href="/wiki/Oval_Office" title="Oval Office">Oval Office</a>, December 11, 2011</figcaption></figure> She once requested that her then-fiancé meet her prospective boss, <a href="/wiki/Valerie_Jarrett" title="Valerie Jarrett">Valerie Jarrett</a>, when considering her first career move;<a href="#cite_note-FLIW-19">[19]</a> Jarrett became one of her husband's closest advisors.<a href="#cite_note-MOIGaLM-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-MOSHR-66">[66]</a> The marital relationship has had its ebbs and flows; the combination of an evolving family life and beginning political career led to many arguments about balancing work and family. Barack Obama wrote in his second book, <a href="/wiki/The_Audacity_of_Hope:_Thoughts_on_Reclaiming_the_American_Dream" class="mw-redirect" title="The Audacity of Hope: Thoughts on Reclaiming the American Dream">The Audacity of Hope: Thoughts on Reclaiming the American Dream</a>, that "Tired and stressed, we had little time for conversation, much less romance."<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Despite their family obligations and careers, they continued to try to schedule "date nights" while they lived in Chicago.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> The Obamas' daughters attended the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Laboratory_Schools" title="University of Chicago Laboratory Schools">University of Chicago Laboratory Schools</a>, a private school.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> As a member of the school's board, Michelle fought to maintain diversity in the school when other board members connected with the University of Chicago tried to reserve more slots for children of the university faculty. This resulted in a plan to expand the school to increase enrollment.<a href="#cite_note-PAW2009-4">[4]</a> In Washington, DC, Malia and Sasha attended <a href="/wiki/Sidwell_Friends_School" title="Sidwell Friends School">Sidwell Friends School</a>, after also considering <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_Day_School" title="Georgetown Day School">Georgetown Day School</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sidwell-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-JOMF-71">[71]</a> In 2008, Michelle said in an interview on <a href="/wiki/The_Ellen_DeGeneres_Show" title="The Ellen DeGeneres Show">The Ellen DeGeneres Show</a> that they did not intend to have any more children.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> The Obamas received advice from past first ladies <a href="/wiki/Laura_Bush" title="Laura Bush">Laura Bush</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosalynn_Carter" title="Rosalynn Carter">Rosalynn Carter</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> about raising children in the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>.<a href="#cite_note-JOMF-71">[71]</a> <a href="/wiki/Marian_Robinson" title="Marian Robinson">Marian Robinson</a>, Michelle's mother, moved in to the White House to assist with child care.<a href="#cite_note-MOSWW-73">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Obamas_at_church_on_Inauguration_Day_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Obamas_at_church_on_Inauguration_Day_2013.jpg/220px-Obamas_at_church_on_Inauguration_Day_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Obamas_at_church_on_Inauguration_Day_2013.jpg/330px-Obamas_at_church_on_Inauguration_Day_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Obamas_at_church_on_Inauguration_Day_2013.jpg/440px-Obamas_at_church_on_Inauguration_Day_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4040" data-file-height="2675" /></a><figcaption>The Obamas attend a church service in Washington, D.C., January 2013</figcaption></figure> Obama was raised <a href="/wiki/United_Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="United Methodist">United Methodist</a> and joined the <a href="/wiki/Trinity_United_Church_of_Christ" title="Trinity United Church of Christ">Trinity United Church of Christ</a>, a mostly black congregation of the <a href="/wiki/Reformed_tradition" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformed tradition">Reformed</a> denomination known as the <a href="/wiki/United_Church_of_Christ" title="United Church of Christ">United Church of Christ</a>. She and Barack Obama were married there by Rev. <a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright" title="Jeremiah Wright">Jeremiah Wright</a>. On May 31, 2008, Barack and Michelle Obama announced that they had withdrawn their membership in Trinity United Church of Christ saying: "Our relations with Trinity have been strained by the divisive statements of Reverend Wright, which sharply conflict with our own views."<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> The Obama family attended several different Protestant churches after moving to Washington D.C. in 2009, including <a href="/wiki/Shiloh_Baptist_Church_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Shiloh Baptist Church (Washington, D.C.)">Shiloh Baptist Church</a> and <a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church,_Lafayette_Square_(Washington,_D.C.)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. John's Episcopal Church, Lafayette Square (Washington, D.C.)">St. John's Episcopal Church</a> on Lafayette Square, known as the Presidents' Church. At the 49th <a href="/wiki/African_Methodist_Episcopal_Church" title="African Methodist Episcopal Church">African Methodist Episcopal Church</a>'s general conference, Michelle Obama encouraged the attendees to advocate for political awareness, saying, "To anyone who says that church is no place to talk about these issues, you tell them there is no place better – no place better, because ultimately, these are not just political issues – they are moral issues, they're issues that have to do with human dignity and human potential, and the future we want for our kids and our grandkids."<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2></div> Following law school, Obama became an associate at the Chicago office of the law firm <a href="/wiki/Sidley_%26_Austin" class="mw-redirect" title="Sidley & Austin">Sidley & Austin</a>, where she met her future husband Barack. At the firm, she worked on marketing and intellectual property law.<a href="#cite_note-womanbehind-3">[3]</a> She continues to hold her <a href="/wiki/Law_license" class="mw-redirect" title="Law license">law license</a>, but as she no longer needs it for her work, she has kept it on a voluntary inactive status since 1993.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> In 1991, she held <a href="/wiki/Public_sector" title="Public sector">public sector</a> positions in the Chicago city government as an assistant to the <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Chicago" title="Mayor of Chicago">mayor</a> and as the assistant commissioner of planning and development. In 1993, she became executive director for the Chicago office of <a href="/wiki/Public_Allies" title="Public Allies">Public Allies</a>, a non-profit organization encouraging young people to work on social issues in nonprofit groups and government agencies.<a href="#cite_note-West-26">[26]</a> She worked there nearly four years and set <a href="/wiki/Fundraising" title="Fundraising">fundraising</a> records for the organization that stood twelve years after she had left.<a href="#cite_note-MOSS-20">[20]</a> Obama later said she had never been happier in her life prior to working "to build Public Allies".<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> In 1996, Obama served as the associate dean of student services at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>, where she developed the university's Community Service Center.<a href="#cite_note-UCChron96-79">[79]</a> In 2002, she began working for the University of Chicago Hospitals, first as executive director for community affairs and, beginning May 2005, as vice president for community and external affairs.<a href="#cite_note-UChicago2005-80">[80]</a> She continued to hold the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Hospitals" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Chicago Hospitals">University of Chicago Hospitals</a> position during the primary campaign of 2008 but cut back to part-time in order to spend time with her daughters as well as work for her husband's election.<a href="#cite_note-ABCNews20080124-81">[81]</a> She subsequently took a leave of absence from her job.<a href="#cite_note-blaze-82">[82]</a> According to the couple's 2006 <a href="/wiki/Tax_return_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tax return (United States)">income tax return</a>, her salary was $273,618 from the University of Chicago Hospitals, while her husband had a salary of $157,082 from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a>. The Obamas' total income was $991,296, which included $51,200 that she earned as a member of the board of directors of <a href="/wiki/TreeHouse_Foods" title="TreeHouse Foods">TreeHouse Foods</a> and investments and royalties from his books.<a href="#cite_note-MOChw-83">[83]</a> Obama served as a salaried board member of <a href="/wiki/TreeHouse_Foods" title="TreeHouse Foods">TreeHouse Foods</a>, Inc. (<a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">NYSE</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyse.com/quote/XNYS:THS">THS</a>),<a href="#cite_note-TreeHouse-84">[84]</a> a major <a href="/wiki/Wal-Mart" class="mw-redirect" title="Wal-Mart">Wal-Mart</a> supplier from shortly after her husband was seated in the Senate until she cut ties shortly after her husband announced his candidacy for the presidency; he criticized Wal-Mart labor policies at an <a href="/wiki/AFL%E2%80%93CIO" class="mw-redirect" title="AFL–CIO">AFL–CIO</a> forum in <a href="/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Trenton, New Jersey">Trenton, New Jersey</a>, on May 14, 2007.<a href="#cite_note-SunTimesBlog200705-85">[85]</a> She also served on the board of directors of the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Council_on_Global_Affairs" title="Chicago Council on Global Affairs">Chicago Council on Global Affairs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ChicagoCouncil-86">[86]</a> In 2021, the former first lady announced that she has been "moving toward retirement".<a href="#cite_note-bbc.com-87">[87]</a> Though she continues to be active in political campaigns, the former first lady has said she is reducing the amount of work to spend more time with her husband.<a href="#cite_note-bbc.com-87">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Barack_Obama_political_campaigns">Barack Obama political campaigns</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_campaigns">Early campaigns</h3></div> During an interview in 1996, Michelle Obama acknowledged there was a "strong possibility" her husband would begin a political career, but said she was "wary" of the process. She knew it meant their lives would be subject to scrutiny and she was intensely private.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> Although she campaigned on her husband's behalf since early in his political career by handshaking and fund-raising, she did not relish the activity at first. When she campaigned during <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate_career_of_Barack_Obama#Campaign_for_Bobby_Rush's_congressional_seat" title="Illinois Senate career of Barack Obama">her husband's 2000 run</a> for <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a>, her boss at the University of Chicago asked if there was any single thing about campaigning that she enjoyed; after some thought, she replied that visiting so many living rooms had given her some new <a href="/wiki/Interior_decoration" class="mw-redirect" title="Interior decoration">decorating</a> ideas.<a href="#cite_note-NYT0825-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> Obama opposed her husband's run for the congressional seat, and, after his defeat, she preferred he tend to the financial needs of the family in what she deemed a more practical way.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2008_presidential_campaign">2008 presidential campaign</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michelle_Obama_and_Barack_Obama_enjoy_a_victory_fist_pound_upon_winning_the_Democratic_Nomination.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Michelle_Obama_and_Barack_Obama_enjoy_a_victory_fist_pound_upon_winning_the_Democratic_Nomination.jpg/220px-Michelle_Obama_and_Barack_Obama_enjoy_a_victory_fist_pound_upon_winning_the_Democratic_Nomination.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Michelle_Obama_and_Barack_Obama_enjoy_a_victory_fist_pound_upon_winning_the_Democratic_Nomination.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="215" /></a><figcaption>The Obamas <a href="/wiki/Fist_bump" title="Fist bump">fist bump</a> upon his winning the <a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Democratic nomination</a></figcaption></figure> At first, Obama had reservations about her husband's presidential campaign, due to fears about a possible negative effect on their daughters.<a href="#cite_note-MONYT-92">[92]</a> She says that she negotiated an agreement in which her husband was to quit smoking in exchange for her support of his decision to run.<a href="#cite_note-MOoCF-93">[93]</a> About her role in her husband's presidential campaign, she has said: "My job is not a senior adviser".<a href="#cite_note-MOIGaLM-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-MOpuric-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> During the campaign, she discussed race and education by using motherhood as a framework.<a href="#cite_note-FWtWMO-43">[43]</a> In May 2007, three months after her husband declared his presidential candidacy, Obama reduced her professional responsibilities by 80 percent to support his presidential campaign.<a href="#cite_note-FLIW-19">[19]</a> Early in the campaign, she had limited involvement, traveling to political events only two days a week and rarely traveling overnight;<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> by early February 2008, her participation had increased significantly. She attended thirty-three events in eight days.<a href="#cite_note-MOSHR-66">[66]</a> She made several campaign appearances with <a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a>.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> She wrote her own <a href="/wiki/Stump_speech_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stump speech (politics)">stump speeches</a> for her husband's presidential campaign and generally spoke without notes.<a href="#cite_note-tn-27">[27]</a> During the campaign, columnist <a href="/wiki/Cal_Thomas" title="Cal Thomas">Cal Thomas</a> on <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a> described Michelle Obama as an "<a href="/wiki/Angry_Black_Woman" class="mw-redirect" title="Angry Black Woman">Angry Black Woman</a>"<a href="#cite_note-AAMOLfaNI-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> and some websites attempted to promote this image.<a href="#cite_note-MUM-102">[102]</a> Obama said: "Barack and I have been in the public eye for many years now, and we've developed a thick skin along the way. When you're out campaigning, there will always be criticism. I just take it in stride, and at the end of the day, I know that it comes with the territory."<a href="#cite_note-WatsonCovarrubias2012-103">[103]</a> By the time of the <a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">2008 Democratic National Convention</a> in August, media outlets observed that her presence on the campaign trail had grown softer than at the start of the race, focusing on soliciting concerns and empathizing with the audience rather than throwing down challenges to them, and giving interviews to shows such as <a href="/wiki/The_View_(U.S._TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="The View (U.S. TV series)">The View</a> and publications like <a href="/wiki/Ladies%27_Home_Journal" title="Ladies' Home Journal">Ladies' Home Journal</a> rather than appearing on news programs. The change was reflected in her fashion choices, as she wore clothes that were more informal clothes than her earlier designer pieces.<a href="#cite_note-NYT0825-89">[89]</a> Partly intended to help soften her public image,<a href="#cite_note-AAMOLfaNI-99">[99]</a> her appearance on The View was widely covered in the press.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> The presidential campaign was Obama's first exposure to the national political scene; she was considered the least famous of the candidates' spouses.<a href="#cite_note-MOpuric-94">[94]</a> Early in the campaign, she told anecdotes about Obama family life; however, as the press began to emphasize her sarcasm, she toned it down.<a href="#cite_note-MOChw-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-MOoCF-93">[93]</a> New York Times <a href="/wiki/Editorial" title="Editorial">op-ed</a> columnist <a href="/wiki/Maureen_Dowd" title="Maureen Dowd">Maureen Dowd</a> wrote: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">I wince a bit when Michelle Obama chides her husband as a mere mortal – a comic routine that rests on the presumption that we see him as a god ... But it may not be smart politics to mock him in a way that turns him from the glam <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">JFK</a> into the mundane <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a>, toasting his own English muffin. If all Senator Obama is peddling is the <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy#"Camelot_Era"" title="John F. Kennedy">Camelot</a> mystique, why debunk this mystique?<a href="#cite_note-MOpuric-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michelle_Obama_DNC_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Michelle_Obama_DNC_2008.jpg/220px-Michelle_Obama_DNC_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Michelle_Obama_DNC_2008.jpg/330px-Michelle_Obama_DNC_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Michelle_Obama_DNC_2008.jpg/440px-Michelle_Obama_DNC_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3644" data-file-height="2313" /></a><figcaption>Obama speaks at the <a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">2008 Democratic convention</a>.</figcaption></figure> On the first night of the <a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">2008 Democratic National Convention</a>, <a href="/wiki/Craig_Robinson_(basketball)" title="Craig Robinson (basketball)">Craig Robinson</a> introduced his younger sister.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> She delivered her speech, during which she sought to portray herself and her family as the embodiment of the <a href="/wiki/American_Dream" title="American Dream">American Dream</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYT0826-107">[107]</a> Obama said she and her husband believe "that you work hard for what you want in life, that your word is your bond, and you do what you say you're going to do, that you treat people with dignity and respect, even if you don't know them, and even if you don't agree with them."<a href="#cite_note-NPR0826-108">[108]</a> She also emphasized loving her country, likely responding to criticism for having said that she felt "proud of her country for the first time".<a href="#cite_note-NYT0826-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-CST0826-109">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-BG0826-110">[110]</a> The first statement was seen as a gaffe.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> Her keynote address was largely well-received and drew mostly positive reviews.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Rasmussen_Reports" title="Rasmussen Reports">Rasmussen Reports</a> poll found that her favorability among Americans reached 55%, the highest for her.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> On an October 6, 2008, broadcast, <a href="/wiki/Larry_King" title="Larry King">Larry King</a> asked Obama if the American electorate was past the <a href="/wiki/Bradley_effect" title="Bradley effect">Bradley effect</a>. She said her husband's winning the nomination was a fairly strong indicator that it was.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> The same night she was interviewed by <a href="/wiki/Jon_Stewart" title="Jon Stewart">Jon Stewart</a> on <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Show" title="The Daily Show">The Daily Show</a>, where she deflected criticism of her husband and his campaign.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> On Fox News' <a href="/wiki/America%27s_Pulse" class="mw-redirect" title="America's Pulse">America's Pulse</a>, <a href="/wiki/E._D._Hill" title="E. D. Hill">E. D. Hill</a> referred to the <a href="/wiki/Fist_bump" title="Fist bump">fist bump</a> shared by the Obamas the night he clinched the <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_presidential_primary_campaign,_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Barack Obama presidential primary campaign, 2008">Democratic presidential nomination</a>, describing it as a "terrorist fist jab". Hill was taken off air, and the show was canceled.<a href="#cite_note-FrtMOabm-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2012_presidential_re-election_campaign">2012 presidential re-election campaign</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Obamas_and_Bidens_on_presidential_election_night_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Obamas_and_Bidens_on_presidential_election_night_2012.jpg/220px-Obamas_and_Bidens_on_presidential_election_night_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Obamas_and_Bidens_on_presidential_election_night_2012.jpg/330px-Obamas_and_Bidens_on_presidential_election_night_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Obamas_and_Bidens_on_presidential_election_night_2012.jpg/440px-Obamas_and_Bidens_on_presidential_election_night_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2731" /></a><figcaption>Obama celebrates with <a href="/wiki/Jill_Biden" title="Jill Biden">Jill Biden</a> after their husbands win re-election.</figcaption></figure> Obama campaigned for her husband's re-election in 2012. Beginning in 2011, Obama became more politically active than she had been since the 2008 election, though avoided discussions about the re-election bid.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> By the time of the election cycle, she had developed a more open public image.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> Some commentators viewed her as the most popular member of the Obama administration,<a href="#cite_note-2012POLITICO-121">[121]</a> noting that her poll approval numbers had not dropped below 60% since she entered the White House.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> An Obama senior campaign official said she was "the most popular political figure in America".<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> The positive assessment was reasoned to have contributed to her active role in the re-election campaign, but it was noted that the challenge for the Obama campaign was to use her without tarnishing her popularity. Obama was considered a polarizing figure, having aroused both "sharp enmity and deep loyalty" from Americans, but she was also seen as having improved her image since 2008 when her husband first ran for the presidency.<a href="#cite_note-2012POLITICO-121">[121]</a> Isabel Wilkinson of <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Beast" title="The Daily Beast">The Daily Beast</a> said Obama's fashion style changed over the course of the campaign to be sensitive and economical.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> Prior to the first debate of the election cycle, Obama expressed confidence in her husband's debating skills.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> He was later criticized for appearing detached and for looking down when addressing Romney.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> Consensus among uncommitted voters was that the latter had won the debate.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> After Obama's speech at the <a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2012 Democratic National Convention">2012 Democratic National Convention</a>, the first lady was found through a CBS News/New York Times poll conducted in September to have a 61% favorably rating with registered voters, the highest percentage she had polled since April 2009.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> Obama aimed to humanize her husband by relating stories about him, attempting to appeal to female voters in swing states. Paul Harris of <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> said the same tactic was being used by <a href="/wiki/Ann_Romney" title="Ann Romney">Ann Romney</a>, wife of 2012 Republican candidate <a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Mitt Romney</a>. Polls in October showed their husbands tied at 47% for the female vote. However, Michelle Obama's favorability ratings remained higher than Ann Romney's at 69% to 52%.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> Despite Obama's higher poll numbers, comparisons between Obama and Romney were repeatedly made by the media until the election.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> But, as Michelle Cottle of <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a> wrote, "... nobody votes for first lady."<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_Lady_of_the_United_States_(2009–2017)">First Lady of the United States (2009–2017)</h2></div> During her early months as First Lady, Obama visited <a href="/wiki/Homeless_shelter" title="Homeless shelter">homeless shelters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soup_kitchen" title="Soup kitchen">soup kitchens</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MIFOTS-134">[134]</a> She also sent representatives to schools and advocated public service.<a href="#cite_note-MIFOTS-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> Obama advocated for her husband's policy priorities by promoting bills that support it. She hosted a White House reception for women's rights advocates in celebration of the enactment of the <a href="/wiki/Lilly_Ledbetter_Fair_Pay_Act_of_2009" title="Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009">Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009</a> <a href="/wiki/Pay_equity" class="mw-redirect" title="Pay equity">Pay equity</a> law. She supported the economic stimulus bill in visits to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Department of Housing and Urban Development">United States Department of Housing and Urban Development</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Education" title="United States Department of Education">United States Department of Education</a>. Some observers looked favorably upon her legislative activities, while others said she should be less involved in politics. According to her representatives, she intended to visit all <a href="/wiki/United_States_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Cabinet">United States Cabinet</a>-level agencies in order to get acquainted with Washington.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Army_53373_First_Lady_Embarks_on_Mission_to_Help_Military_Families.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/US_Army_53373_First_Lady_Embarks_on_Mission_to_Help_Military_Families.jpg/220px-US_Army_53373_First_Lady_Embarks_on_Mission_to_Help_Military_Families.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/US_Army_53373_First_Lady_Embarks_on_Mission_to_Help_Military_Families.jpg/330px-US_Army_53373_First_Lady_Embarks_on_Mission_to_Help_Military_Families.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/US_Army_53373_First_Lady_Embarks_on_Mission_to_Help_Military_Families.jpg/440px-US_Army_53373_First_Lady_Embarks_on_Mission_to_Help_Military_Families.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="399" /></a><figcaption>Obama and General Charles R. Davis smile to the crowd before speaking on her mission to help military families, October 2009.</figcaption></figure> On June 5, 2009, the White House announced that Michelle Obama was replacing her then chief of staff, <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Norris" title="Jackie Norris">Jackie Norris</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Susan_Sher" title="Susan Sher">Susan Sher</a>, a longtime friend and adviser. Norris became a senior adviser to the <a href="/wiki/Corporation_for_National_and_Community_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporation for National and Community Service">Corporation for National and Community Service</a>.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> Another key aide, <a href="/wiki/Spelman_College" title="Spelman College">Spelman College</a> alumna Kristen Jarvis, served from 2008 until 2015, when she left to become chief of staff to the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Foundation" title="Ford Foundation">Ford Foundation</a> president <a href="/wiki/Darren_Walker" title="Darren Walker">Darren Walker</a>. In 2009, Obama was named <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Walters" title="Barbara Walters">Barbara Walters</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Walters%27_10_Most_Fascinating_People" title="Barbara Walters' 10 Most Fascinating People">Most Fascinating Person</a> of the year.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> In her memoir, <a href="/wiki/Becoming_(book)" title="Becoming (book)">Becoming</a>, Obama describes her four primary initiatives as first lady: <a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Move!" title="Let's Move!">Let's Move!</a>, Reach Higher,<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> Let Girls Learn,<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joining_Forces" title="Joining Forces">Joining Forces</a>.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> Some initiatives of First Lady Michelle Obama included advocating on behalf of military families, helping working women balance career and family, encouraging national service, and promoting the arts and arts education.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-MOMMFHM-143">[143]</a> Obama made supporting military families and spouses a personal mission and increasingly bonded with military families. According to her aides, stories of the sacrifice these families make moved her to tears.<a href="#cite_note-MOMMFHM-143">[143]</a> In April 2012, Obama and her husband were awarded the Jerald Washington Memorial Founders' Award by the <a href="/wiki/National_Coalition_for_Homeless_Veterans" title="National Coalition for Homeless Veterans">National Coalition for Homeless Veterans</a> (NCHV). The award is the highest honor given to homeless veteran advocates.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> Obama was again honored with the award in May 2015, accepting with <a href="/wiki/Jill_Biden" title="Jill Biden">Jill Biden</a>.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michelle-obama-bringbackourgirls.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Michelle-obama-bringbackourgirls.jpg/220px-Michelle-obama-bringbackourgirls.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Michelle-obama-bringbackourgirls.jpg/330px-Michelle-obama-bringbackourgirls.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Michelle-obama-bringbackourgirls.jpg/440px-Michelle-obama-bringbackourgirls.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1023" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption>Obama holding a sign with the hashtag "#bringbackourgirls" in May 2014</figcaption></figure> In November 2013, a <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a> article by Michelle Cottle accusing Obama of being a "feminist nightmare" for not using her position and education to advocate for women's issues was sharply criticized across the political spectrum.<a href="#cite_note-miccot2013-146">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-Harris-Perry_2013-147">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-howkur2013-148">[148]</a> Cottle quoted <a href="/wiki/Linda_Hirshman" title="Linda Hirshman">Linda Hirshman</a> saying of Obama's trendy styles, promotion of gardening and healthy eating, and support of military families that "She essentially became the English lady of the manor, Tory Party, circa 1830s."<a href="#cite_note-miccot2013-146">[146]</a> A prominent critic of Cottle was <a href="/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a> host <a href="/wiki/Melissa_Harris-Perry" title="Melissa Harris-Perry">Melissa Harris-Perry</a>, who rhetorically asked "Are you serious?"<a href="#cite_note-Harris-Perry_2013-147">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-howkur2013-148">[148]</a> Supporters of Obama note that the first lady had been one of the only people in the administration to address <a href="/wiki/Obesity_in_the_United_States" title="Obesity in the United States">obesity</a>, through promoting good eating habits, which is one of the leading U.S. public health crises.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> In May 2014, Obama joined the campaign to bring back school girls who had been <a href="/wiki/Chibok_schoolgirls_kidnapping" title="Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping">kidnapped in Nigeria</a>. The first lady tweeted a picture of herself holding a poster with the #bringbackourgirls campaign hashtag.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> Obama writes in her book about enlisting help for her initiative Let Girls Learn to produce and sing the song "This is for My Girls".<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_primera_dama_Michelle_Obama_(25709737510).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/La_primera_dama_Michelle_Obama_%2825709737510%29.jpg/220px-La_primera_dama_Michelle_Obama_%2825709737510%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/La_primera_dama_Michelle_Obama_%2825709737510%29.jpg/330px-La_primera_dama_Michelle_Obama_%2825709737510%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/La_primera_dama_Michelle_Obama_%2825709737510%29.jpg/440px-La_primera_dama_Michelle_Obama_%2825709737510%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2014" data-file-height="1358" /></a><figcaption>Obama with members of the public in 2016</figcaption></figure> Over the course of the Obama presidency, particularly during the second term, Michelle Obama was subject to speculation over whether she would run for the presidency herself, similarly to predecessor Hillary Clinton.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> A May 2015 Rasmussen poll found Obama had 22% of support to Clinton's 56% of winning the Democratic nomination, higher than that of potential candidates <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Elizabeth Warren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_O%27Malley" title="Martin O'Malley">Martin O'Malley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a>.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rasmussen-154">[154]</a> Another poll that month found that 71% of Americans believed Obama should not run for the presidency, only 14% approving.<a href="#cite_note-Rasmussen-154">[154]</a> On January 14, 2016, during a town-hall meeting, President Obama was asked if the first lady could be talked into running. He responded, "There are three things that are certain in life: death, taxes, and Michelle is not running for president. That I can tell you."<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> On March 16, 2016, while speaking in <a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin, Texas</a>, Obama denied that she would ever run for the office, citing a desire to "impact as many people as possible in an unbiased way".<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> In the epilogue to Becoming, Obama writes, "I have no intention of running for office, ever,"<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> recognizing that "politics can be a means for positive change, but this arena is just not for me."<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Let's_Move!">Let's Move!</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Move!" title="Let's Move!">Let's Move!</a></div> Obama's predecessors Hillary Clinton and Laura Bush supported the <a href="/wiki/Organic_movement" title="Organic movement">organic movement</a> by instructing the White House kitchens to buy <a href="/wiki/Organic_food" title="Organic food">organic food</a>. Obama extended their support of healthy eating by planting the <a href="/wiki/White_House_Kitchen_Garden" class="mw-redirect" title="White House Kitchen Garden">White House Kitchen Garden</a>, an organic garden, the first White House vegetable garden since <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Eleanor Roosevelt</a> served as First Lady. She also had bee hives installed on the South Lawn of the White House. The garden supplied organic produce and honey for the meals of the First Family and for state dinners and other official gatherings.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-garden-161">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-AaYoLtFLSOaL-162">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Obama-DeGeneres-dance-20120201.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Obama-DeGeneres-dance-20120201.jpg/220px-Obama-DeGeneres-dance-20120201.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Obama-DeGeneres-dance-20120201.jpg/330px-Obama-DeGeneres-dance-20120201.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Obama-DeGeneres-dance-20120201.jpg/440px-Obama-DeGeneres-dance-20120201.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2731" /></a><figcaption>Obama and <a href="/wiki/Ellen_DeGeneres" title="Ellen DeGeneres">Ellen DeGeneres</a> dance on the second anniversary of Let's Move!</figcaption></figure> In January 2010, Obama undertook her first lead role in an administration-wide initiative, which she named "<a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Move!" title="Let's Move!">Let's Move!</a>", to make progress in reversing the 21st-century trend of <a href="/wiki/Childhood_obesity" title="Childhood obesity">childhood obesity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AaYoLtFLSOaL-162">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> On February 9, 2010, the first lady announced Let's Move! and President Barack Obama created the <a href="/wiki/Task_Force_on_Childhood_Obesity" title="Task Force on Childhood Obesity">Task Force on Childhood Obesity</a> to review all current programs and create a national plan for change.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> Michelle Obama said her goal was to make this effort her legacy: "I want to leave something behind that we can say, 'Because of this time that this person spent here, this thing has changed.' And my hope is that that's going to be in the area of childhood obesity."<a href="#cite_note-AaYoLtFLSOaL-162">[162]</a> Her 2012 book <a href="/wiki/American_Grown:_The_Story_of_the_White_House_Kitchen_Garden_and_Gardens_Across_America" class="mw-redirect" title="American Grown: The Story of the White House Kitchen Garden and Gardens Across America">American Grown: The Story of the White House Kitchen Garden and Gardens Across America</a> is based on her experiences with the garden and promotes healthy eating.<a href="#cite_note-Benac-166">[166]</a> Her call for action on healthy eating was repeated by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">United States Department of Defense</a>, which has been facing an ever-expanding problem of obesity among recruits.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> Several Republicans have critiqued or lampooned Obama's initiative. In October 2014, senator <a href="/wiki/Rand_Paul" title="Rand Paul">Rand Paul</a> linked to Michelle Obama's Twitter account when announcing on the website that he was going to <a href="/wiki/Dunkin%27_Donuts" title="Dunkin' Donuts">Dunkin' Donuts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> In January 2016, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Christie" title="Chris Christie">Chris Christie</a>, Republican <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_Jersey" title="Governor of New Jersey">governor of New Jersey</a> and presidential candidate, criticized the first lady's involvement with healthy eating while he was campaigning in <a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a>, arguing that she was using the government to exercise her views on eating.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> Obama had previously cited Christie as an example of an adult who struggled with obesity, a demographic that she sought to diminish by targeting children since Let's Move! was "working with kids when they're young, so that they don't have these direct challenges when they get older."<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> In February, Senator <a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz">Ted Cruz</a> said that he would end Obama's health policies and return <a href="/wiki/French_fries" title="French fries">french fries</a> to school cafeterias if his wife were first lady.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="LGBT_rights">LGBT rights</h3></div> In the 2008 U.S. presidential campaign, Obama boasted to gay Democratic groups of her husband's record on LGBT rights: his support of the Illinois Human Rights Act, the Illinois gender violence act, the <a href="/wiki/Employment_Non-Discrimination_Act" title="Employment Non-Discrimination Act">Employment Non-Discrimination Act</a>, repealing the "<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Ask,_Don%27t_Tell_Repeal_Act_of_2010" title="Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010">Don't Ask Don't Tell</a>" policy, and full repeal of the <a href="/wiki/Defense_of_Marriage_Act" title="Defense of Marriage Act">Defense of Marriage Act</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civil_unions" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil unions">civil unions</a>; along with hate crimes protection for sexual orientation and gender identity and renewed effort to fight <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">HIV and AIDS</a>. They have both opposed amendments proposed to ban same-sex marriage in the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Marriage_Amendment" title="Federal Marriage Amendment">federal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Proposition_8" class="mw-redirect" title="Proposition 8">California</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2008_Florida_Amendment_2" title="2008 Florida Amendment 2">Florida</a> constitutions. She said that the U.S. Supreme Court delivered justice in the <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_v._Texas" title="Lawrence v. Texas">Lawrence v. Texas</a> case, and she drew a connection between the struggles for gay rights and civil rights by saying, "We are all only here because of those who marched and bled and died, from Selma to Stonewall, in the pursuit of a more perfect union."<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> After the repeal of <a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Ask_Don%27t_Tell" class="mw-redirect" title="Don't Ask Don't Tell">Don't Ask Don't Tell</a> on September 20, 2011, Obama included openly gay service members in her national military families initiative.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> On May 9, 2012, Barack and Michelle Obama came out publicly in favor of same-sex marriage. Prior to this, Michelle Obama had never publicly stated her position on this issue. Senior White House officials said Michelle Obama and Senior Adviser <a href="/wiki/Valerie_Jarrett" title="Valerie Jarrett">Valerie Jarrett</a> had been the two most consistent advocates for same-sex marriage in Barack Obama's life.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> Michelle said: <blockquote>This is an important issue for millions of <a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">Americans</a>, and for Barack and me, it really comes down to the values of fairness and equality we want to pass down to our girls. These are basic values that kids learn at a very young age and that we encourage them to apply in all areas of their lives. And in a country where we teach our children that everyone is equal under the law, discriminating against same-sex couples just isn't right. It's as simple as that.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a></blockquote> At the <a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2012 Democratic National Convention">2012 DNC</a>, Michelle said, "Barack knows the American Dream because he's lived it ... and he wants everyone in this country to have that same opportunity, no matter who we are, or where we're from, or what we look like, or who we love."<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic_travels">Domestic travels</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Obama_heads_to_Selma_for_50th_anniversary_speech_150307-F-WU507-020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Obama_heads_to_Selma_for_50th_anniversary_speech_150307-F-WU507-020.jpg/170px-Obama_heads_to_Selma_for_50th_anniversary_speech_150307-F-WU507-020.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Obama_heads_to_Selma_for_50th_anniversary_speech_150307-F-WU507-020.jpg/255px-Obama_heads_to_Selma_for_50th_anniversary_speech_150307-F-WU507-020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Obama_heads_to_Selma_for_50th_anniversary_speech_150307-F-WU507-020.jpg/340px-Obama_heads_to_Selma_for_50th_anniversary_speech_150307-F-WU507-020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3374" data-file-height="3886" /></a><figcaption>Malia and Sasha Obama prepare to enter <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_One" title="Air Force One">Air Force One</a>, Michelle Obama and President Obama behind them, on March 7, 2015.</figcaption></figure> In May 2009, Obama delivered the commencement speech at a graduating ceremony at <a href="/wiki/UC_Merced" class="mw-redirect" title="UC Merced">UC Merced</a> in <a href="/wiki/Merced_County,_California" title="Merced County, California">Merced County, California</a>, the address being praised afterward by students who found her relatable. Kevin Fagan of the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle" title="San Francisco Chronicle">San Francisco Chronicle</a> wrote that there was chemistry between Obama and the students.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> In August 2013, Obama attended the 50th anniversary ceremony for the <a href="/wiki/March_on_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="March on Washington">March on Washington</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Memorial" title="Lincoln Memorial">Lincoln Memorial</a>. Positive attention was brought to Obama's attire, a black sleeveless dress with red flowers, designed by <a href="/wiki/Tracy_Reese" title="Tracy Reese">Tracy Reese</a>.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> Reese reacted by releasing a public statement that she was honored the first lady "would choose to wear one of our designs during the celebration of such a deeply significant historical moment".<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> In March 2015, Obama traveled to <a href="/wiki/Selma,_Alabama" title="Selma, Alabama">Selma, Alabama</a>, with her family to commemorate the fiftieth anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Selma_to_Montgomery_marches" title="Selma to Montgomery marches">Selma to Montgomery marches</a>.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> After President Obama's remarks there, the Obamas joined original marchers, including <a href="/wiki/John_Lewis" title="John Lewis">John Lewis</a>, in crossing the <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Pettus_Bridge" title="Edmund Pettus Bridge">Edmund Pettus Bridge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> In July 2015, Obama journeyed to <a href="/wiki/Coachella_Valley" title="Coachella Valley">Coachella Valley</a> while coming to Los Angeles for that year's Special Olympics World Games.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> In October 2015, Obama was joined by Jill Biden and <a href="/wiki/Prince_Harry" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Harry">Prince Harry</a> in visiting a military base in <a href="/wiki/Fort_Belvoir,_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Belvoir, Virginia">Fort Belvoir, Virginia</a>, in an attempt on the prince's part to raise awareness to programs supporting harmed service members.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> In December 2015, Obama traveled with her husband to <a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino,_California" title="San Bernardino, California">San Bernardino, California</a>, to meet with families of the victims of <a href="/wiki/2015_San_Bernardino_attack" title="2015 San Bernardino attack">a terrorist attack</a> that occurred two weeks earlier.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_trips">Foreign trips</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michelle_Obama_at_National_Craft_Museum,_Delhi,_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Michelle_Obama_at_National_Craft_Museum%2C_Delhi%2C_2010.jpg/220px-Michelle_Obama_at_National_Craft_Museum%2C_Delhi%2C_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Michelle_Obama_at_National_Craft_Museum%2C_Delhi%2C_2010.jpg/330px-Michelle_Obama_at_National_Craft_Museum%2C_Delhi%2C_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Michelle_Obama_at_National_Craft_Museum%2C_Delhi%2C_2010.jpg/440px-Michelle_Obama_at_National_Craft_Museum%2C_Delhi%2C_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2731" /></a><figcaption>Obama with children in Delhi, November 8, 2010</figcaption></figure> On April 1, 2009, Obama met with Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> in <a href="/wiki/Buckingham_Palace" title="Buckingham Palace">Buckingham Palace</a>. Obama embraced her before attending an event with world leaders.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> Obama praised her, though the hug generated controversy for being out of protocol when greeting Elizabeth.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> In April 2010, Obama traveled to Mexico, her first solo visit to a nation.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> In Mexico, Obama spoke to students, encouraging them to take responsibility for their futures.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> Referring to the underprivileged children, Obama argued that "potential can be found in some of the most unlikely places," citing herself and her husband as examples.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> Obama traveled to Africa for the second official trip in June 2011, touring <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a> and <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a> and meeting with <a href="/wiki/Gra%C3%A7a_Machel" title="Graça Machel">Graça Machel</a>. Obama was also involved with community events in the foreign countries.<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> It was commented by White House staff that her trip to Africa would advance the foreign policy of her husband.<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> In March 2014, Obama visited China along with her two daughters Malia and Sasha, and her mother Marian Robinson. She met with <a href="/wiki/Peng_Liyuan" title="Peng Liyuan">Peng Liyuan</a>, the wife of Chinese president <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a>, visited historic and cultural sites, as well as a university and two high schools.<a href="#cite_note-MichelleChinaVisit-202">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> Deputy National Security Adviser <a href="/wiki/Ben_Rhodes_(White_House_staffer)" title="Ben Rhodes (White House staffer)">Ben Rhodes</a> said the visit and intent in Obama journeying there was to symbolize "the relationship between the United States and China is not just between leaders, it's a relationship between peoples."<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> In January 2015, Obama traveled to <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> alongside her husband, following the death of <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Abdullah of Saudi Arabia">King Abdullah</a>. She received criticism for not covering her head in a nation where women are forbidden from publicly not doing so,<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> though Obama was defended for being a foreigner and thus not having to submit to Saudi Arabia's customs,<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> even being praised in some corners.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> Obama was neither greeted nor acknowledged by <a href="/wiki/Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Salman of Saudi Arabia">King Salman</a> during the encounter.<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_and_First_Lady_Obama,_With_Saudi_King_Salman,_Shake_Hands_With_Members_of_the_Saudi_Royal_Family.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/President_and_First_Lady_Obama%2C_With_Saudi_King_Salman%2C_Shake_Hands_With_Members_of_the_Saudi_Royal_Family.jpg/220px-President_and_First_Lady_Obama%2C_With_Saudi_King_Salman%2C_Shake_Hands_With_Members_of_the_Saudi_Royal_Family.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/President_and_First_Lady_Obama%2C_With_Saudi_King_Salman%2C_Shake_Hands_With_Members_of_the_Saudi_Royal_Family.jpg/330px-President_and_First_Lady_Obama%2C_With_Saudi_King_Salman%2C_Shake_Hands_With_Members_of_the_Saudi_Royal_Family.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/President_and_First_Lady_Obama%2C_With_Saudi_King_Salman%2C_Shake_Hands_With_Members_of_the_Saudi_Royal_Family.jpg/440px-President_and_First_Lady_Obama%2C_With_Saudi_King_Salman%2C_Shake_Hands_With_Members_of_the_Saudi_Royal_Family.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2768" data-file-height="1841" /></a><figcaption>Michelle and Barack Obama with <a href="/wiki/King_Salman" class="mw-redirect" title="King Salman">King Salman</a> of <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> and members of the Saudi royal family, January 27, 2015</figcaption></figure> In June 2015, Obama undertook a weeklong trip to London and three Italian cities. In London, she spoke with students about international education for adolescent girls and met with both British prime minister <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prince_Harry" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Harry">Prince Harry</a>. She was joined by her two daughters and mother.<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> In November, she spent a week in <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>, her first official visit to the Middle East. She continued advancing her initiative for international education for women by speaking at the 2015 World Innovation Summit for Education for her "Let Girls Learn" initiative in <a href="/wiki/Doha,_Qatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Doha, Qatar">Doha, Qatar</a>, and touring a school in <a href="/wiki/Amman,_Jordan" class="mw-redirect" title="Amman, Jordan">Amman, Jordan</a>, where she met with female students.<a href="#cite_note-2015CNN-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-instyle_let_girls_learn-213">[213]</a> During the Qatar trip, Obama had intended to visit Jordan as well, but the trip was canceled due to weather conditions. In Jordan, Obama had intended to visit an <a href="/wiki/Amman,_Jordan" class="mw-redirect" title="Amman, Jordan">Amman</a> school that had been constructed with assistance from U.S. funds.<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> In March 2016, Obama accompanied her husband and children to <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> in a trip that was seen by the administration as having the possibility of positively impacting relations between the country and America.<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a> Later that month, the first couple and their daughters traveled to <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>,<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> meeting with Argentine president <a href="/wiki/Mauricio_Macri" title="Mauricio Macri">Mauricio Macri</a>.<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Midterm_elections">Midterm elections</h3></div> Obama campaigned for Democratic candidates in the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_elections" title="2010 United States elections">2010 midterm elections</a>,<a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> making her debut on the campaign trail in <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee,_Wisconsin" class="mw-redirect" title="Milwaukee, Wisconsin">Milwaukee, Wisconsin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> By the time she began campaigning, Obama's approval rating was 20 percentage points higher than her husband's.<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a> Though Obama indicated in January 2010 that a consensus had not been made about whether she would campaign,<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> speculation of her involvement came from her large approval rating as well as reports that she had been invited to speak at events with Democrats such as <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Boxer" title="Barbara Boxer">Barbara Boxer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Jo_Kilroy" title="Mary Jo Kilroy">Mary Jo Kilroy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Sestak" title="Joe Sestak">Joe Sestak</a>.<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> She toured seven states in two weeks within October 2010.<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a> Aides reported that, though viewed as essential by the White House, she would not become deeply involved with political discussions nor engage Republicans in public disputes.<a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a> After the elections, only six of the thirteen Democratic candidates Obama had campaigned for won. The <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a> concluded that while Obama was indeed more popular than her husband, her "election scorecard proved no better than his, particularly in her home state".<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a> Obama was a participant in the <a href="/wiki/2014_United_States_elections" title="2014 United States elections">2014 midterm elections</a>, held at a time where her popularity superseded her husband's to such an extent that it was theorized she would receive a much larger outpour of support in campaigning. Reporting her travel to <a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a>, Colorado, David Lightman wrote that while Democrats did not want President Obama to campaign for them, "the first lady is very popular."<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> In May 2014, Obama was found to have a 61% favorable approval rating from a CNN poll, her husband coming in at 43%.<a href="#cite_note-2014CNN-231">[231]</a> In a video released in July, as part of an effort to encourage <a href="/wiki/Voter_turnout" title="Voter turnout">voter turnout</a>, she called on voters to be "hungry as you were back in 2008 and 2012".<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> Obama appeared at a fundraiser in Georgia in September for Democratic senate candidate <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Nunn" title="Michelle Nunn">Michelle Nunn</a>. Obama's approach to campaigning in Georgia strayed from discussing current events and instead broadly stressed the importance of registering to vote and turning out during the elections.<a href="#cite_note-2014CNN-231">[231]</a> Obama's infrequent appearances came from her dislike of being away from her children and Washington politics as well as her distaste for the opposition by Republicans to her husband's agenda and her view that Democrats in the U.S. Senate had not sufficiently been supporters of her initiatives to end childhood obesity.<a href="#cite_note-2014NYT-233">[233]</a> Obama raised her profile in October,<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> touring three states in four days.<a href="#cite_note-2014NYT-233">[233]</a> Obama called the elections her husband's "last campaign".<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a><a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign">Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michelle_Obama_at_SNHU_October_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Michelle_Obama_at_SNHU_October_2016.jpg/220px-Michelle_Obama_at_SNHU_October_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Michelle_Obama_at_SNHU_October_2016.jpg/330px-Michelle_Obama_at_SNHU_October_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Michelle_Obama_at_SNHU_October_2016.jpg/440px-Michelle_Obama_at_SNHU_October_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3102" data-file-height="2899" /></a><figcaption>Obama speaks at a <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign">Hillary Clinton presidential campaign</a> rally at <a href="/wiki/Southern_New_Hampshire_University" title="Southern New Hampshire University">Southern New Hampshire University</a>, October 13, 2016.</figcaption></figure> Obama endorsed Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton and made several high-profile speeches in favor of her, including an address at the <a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2016 Democratic National Convention">2016 Democratic National Convention</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a> She also appeared multiple times on the campaign trail in either solo or joint appearances with Clinton.<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a> On October 13, 2016, Obama heavily criticized Republican presidential nominee <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> for the statements he made in a <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_Billy_Bush_recording_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald Trump and Billy Bush recording controversy">2005 audio recording</a> while at a Clinton rally in <a href="/wiki/Manchester,_New_Hampshire" title="Manchester, New Hampshire">Manchester, New Hampshire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> A week later, Trump attempted to revive past comments Obama made in regard to Clinton during the 2008 presidential election.<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a><a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_image_and_style">Public image and style</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Obamas_walk_down_PA_Ave._1-20-09_hires_090120-N-0696M-546a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Obamas_walk_down_PA_Ave._1-20-09_hires_090120-N-0696M-546a.jpg/220px-Obamas_walk_down_PA_Ave._1-20-09_hires_090120-N-0696M-546a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Obamas_walk_down_PA_Ave._1-20-09_hires_090120-N-0696M-546a.jpg/330px-Obamas_walk_down_PA_Ave._1-20-09_hires_090120-N-0696M-546a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Obamas_walk_down_PA_Ave._1-20-09_hires_090120-N-0696M-546a.jpg/440px-Obamas_walk_down_PA_Ave._1-20-09_hires_090120-N-0696M-546a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2358" data-file-height="1692" /></a><figcaption>Obama wore <a href="/wiki/Isabel_Toledo" title="Isabel Toledo">Isabel Toledo</a> clothes made of <a href="/wiki/St._Gallen_Embroidery" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Gallen Embroidery">St. Gallen Embroidery</a> to the <a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="First inauguration of Barack Obama">2009 presidential inauguration</a>.</figcaption></figure> With the ascent of her husband as a prominent national politician, Obama became a part of popular culture. In May 2006, <a href="/wiki/Essence_(magazine)" title="Essence (magazine)">Essence</a> listed her among "25 of the World's Most Inspiring Women".<a href="#cite_note-biogtv-243">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-FLS-244">[244]</a> In July 2007, <a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (magazine)">Vanity Fair</a> listed her among "10 of the World's Best Dressed People". She was an honorary guest at <a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey%27s_Legends_Ball" title="Oprah Winfrey's Legends Ball">Oprah Winfrey's Legends Ball</a> as a "young'un" paying tribute to the "Legends" who helped pave the way for African-American women. In September 2007, <a href="/wiki/02138" title="02138">02138</a> magazine listed her 58th of "The Harvard 100"; a list of the prior year's most influential <a href="/wiki/Category:Harvard_University_alumni" title="Category:Harvard University alumni">Harvard alumni</a>. Her husband was ranked fourth.<a href="#cite_note-biogtv-243">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-Top100-245">[245]</a> In July 2008, she made a repeat appearance on the Vanity Fair international best dressed list.<a href="#cite_note-MOmraotVFibdl-246">[246]</a> She also appeared on the 2008 <a href="/wiki/People_(magazine)" title="People (magazine)">People</a> list of best-dressed women and was praised by the magazine for her "classic and confident" look.<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a><a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a> At the time of her husband's election, some sources anticipated that as a high-profile <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African-American</a> woman in a stable marriage Obama would be a positive role model who would influence the view the world has of African Americans.<a href="#cite_note-WMMtU-249">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a> Her fashion choices were part of the 2009 <a href="/wiki/Fashion_week" title="Fashion week">Fashion week</a>,<a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a> but Obama's influence in the field did not have the impact on the paucity of African-American models who participate, that some thought it might.<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a><a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a> Obama's public support grew in her early months as First Lady,<a href="#cite_note-MIFOTS-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-MR-254">[254]</a> as she was accepted as a <a href="/wiki/Role_model" title="Role model">role model</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MIFOTS-134">[134]</a> On her first trip abroad in April 2009, she toured a cancer ward with <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Jane_Brown" title="Sarah Jane Brown">Sarah Brown</a>, wife of British prime minister <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Gordon Brown</a>.<a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a> <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a> described her first trip abroad as an exhibition of her so-called "star power"<a href="#cite_note-MR-254">[254]</a> and <a href="/wiki/MSN" title="MSN">MSN</a> described it as a display of sartorial elegance.<a href="#cite_note-FLS-244">[244]</a> Questions were raised by some in the American and British media regarding <a href="/wiki/Protocol_(diplomacy)" title="Protocol (diplomacy)">protocol</a> when the Obamas met <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a><a href="#cite_note-TQaMO-256">[256]</a> and Michelle reciprocated a touch on her back by the Queen during a reception, purportedly against traditional royal etiquette.<a href="#cite_note-TQaMO-256">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a> Palace sources denied that any breach in etiquette had occurred.<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Obamas_arrive_at_Neighborhood_Ball_1-20-09_090120-F-9629D-599.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Obamas_arrive_at_Neighborhood_Ball_1-20-09_090120-F-9629D-599.JPG/220px-Obamas_arrive_at_Neighborhood_Ball_1-20-09_090120-F-9629D-599.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Obamas_arrive_at_Neighborhood_Ball_1-20-09_090120-F-9629D-599.JPG/330px-Obamas_arrive_at_Neighborhood_Ball_1-20-09_090120-F-9629D-599.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Obamas_arrive_at_Neighborhood_Ball_1-20-09_090120-F-9629D-599.JPG/440px-Obamas_arrive_at_Neighborhood_Ball_1-20-09_090120-F-9629D-599.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832" /></a><figcaption>Obama in <a href="/wiki/Jason_Wu" title="Jason Wu">Jason Wu</a></figcaption></figure> Obama has been compared to <a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis">Jacqueline Kennedy</a> due to her sense of style<a href="#cite_note-MOmraotVFibdl-246">[246]</a> and also to <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Bush" title="Barbara Bush">Barbara Bush</a> for her discipline and decorum.<a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a><a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a> Obama's style has been described as "fashion populist".<a href="#cite_note-VLiCBTO-51">[51]</a> In 2010, she wore clothes, many high end, from more than fifty design companies with less expensive pieces from <a href="/wiki/J.Crew" title="J.Crew">J.Crew</a> and <a href="/wiki/Target_Corporation" title="Target Corporation">Target</a>, and the same year a study found that her patronage was worth an average of $14 million to a company.<a href="#cite_note-Horyn-261">[261]</a> She became a fashion trendsetter, in particular favoring sleeveless dresses, including her first-term official portrait in a dress by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kors" title="Michael Kors">Michael Kors</a> and her ball gowns designed by <a href="/wiki/Jason_Wu" title="Jason Wu">Jason Wu</a> for both inaugurals.<a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a> She has also been known for wearing clothes by African designers such as <a href="/wiki/Mimi_Plange" title="Mimi Plange">Mimi Plange</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duro_Olowu" title="Duro Olowu">Duro Olowu</a>, Maki Oh, and Osei Duro, and styles such as the <a href="/wiki/Adire_(textile_art)" title="Adire (textile art)">Adire</a> fabric.<a href="#cite_note-ObamaGuardian-263">[263]</a><a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a> Obama appeared on the cover and in a photo spread in the March 2009 issue of <a href="/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)" title="Vogue (magazine)">Vogue</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MOgcoVm-265">[265]</a><a href="#cite_note-MOmVc-266">[266]</a> Every first lady since <a href="/wiki/Lou_Henry_Hoover" title="Lou Henry Hoover">Lou Hoover</a> (except <a href="/wiki/Bess_Truman" title="Bess Truman">Bess Truman</a>) has been in Vogue,<a href="#cite_note-MOgcoVm-265">[265]</a> but only Hillary Clinton had previously appeared on the cover.<a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a> Obama later appeared two more times on the cover of Vogue, while First Lady, the last time in December 2016, with photographs by <a href="/wiki/Annie_Leibovitz" title="Annie Leibovitz">Annie Leibovitz</a>.<a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a> In August 2011, she became the first woman ever to appear on the cover of <a href="/wiki/Better_Homes_and_Gardens_(magazine)" title="Better Homes and Gardens (magazine)">Better Homes and Gardens</a> magazine, and the first person in 48 years.<a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a> In 2013, during the <a href="/wiki/85th_Academy_Awards" title="85th Academy Awards">85th Academy Awards</a>, she became the first first lady to announce the winner of an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Oscar</a> (Best Picture, which went to <a href="/wiki/Argo_(2012_film)" title="Argo (2012 film)">Argo</a>).<a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a> The media have been criticized for focusing more on the first lady's fashion sense than her serious contributions.<a href="#cite_note-VLiCBTO-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a> She said after the 2008 election that she would like to focus attention as First Lady on issues of concern to military and working families.<a href="#cite_note-WMMtU-249">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-272">[272]</a><a href="#cite_note-273">[273]</a> In 2008, <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a> blogger, <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> host and <a href="/wiki/E._W._Scripps_Company" title="E. W. Scripps Company">Scripps Howard</a> columnist <a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Erb%C3%A9" title="Bonnie Erbé">Bonnie Erbé</a> argued that Obama's own publicists seemed to be feeding the emphasis on style over substance,<a href="#cite_note-274">[274]</a> and said Obama was miscasting herself by overemphasizing style.<a href="#cite_note-MOSWW-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> For three straight years – 2018, 2019, and 2020 – Obama topped the <a href="/wiki/Gallup_poll" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallup poll">Gallup poll</a> asking who is the "most admired woman" in the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-276">[276]</a><a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a> Time magazine features an annual "<a href="/wiki/Time_Person_of_the_Year" title="Time Person of the Year">Person of the Year</a>" cover story in which Time recognizes the individual or group of individuals who have had the biggest impact on news headlines over the previous twelve months. In 2020, the magazine decided to retroactively choose a historically deserving woman for each year in which a man had been named Person of the Year, reflecting the fact that a woman or women had been named Person of the Year only eleven times in the preceding hundred. As part of this review, Michelle Obama was named the Woman of the Year for 2008.<a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subsequent_activities_(2017–present)">Subsequent activities (2017–present)</h2></div> In May 2017, during an appearance at the <a href="/wiki/Partnership_for_a_Healthier_America" title="Partnership for a Healthier America">Partnership for a Healthier America</a> conference, Obama rebuked the Trump administration for its delay of a federal requirement designed to increase the nutritional standards for school lunches.<a href="#cite_note-279">[279]</a> In June, while attending the WWDC in <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Silicon Valley, California">Silicon Valley, California</a>, Obama called for tech companies to add women for the diversifying of their ranks.<a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a> In July, Obama honored <a href="/wiki/Eunice_Shriver" class="mw-redirect" title="Eunice Shriver">Eunice Shriver</a> at the <a href="/wiki/2017_ESPY_Awards" title="2017 ESPY Awards">2017 ESPY Awards</a>.<a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a> In September, Obama delivered an address at the tech conference in Utah charging the Trump administration with having a fearful White House,<a href="#cite_note-282">[282]</a> appeared in a video for the Global Citizens Festival advocating more attention to giving young girls an education,<a href="#cite_note-283">[283]</a> and attended the Inbound 2017 conference in Boston.<a href="#cite_note-284">[284]</a> During an October 3 appearance at the Philadelphia Conference for Women, Obama cited a lack of diversity in politics with contributing to lawmakers being distrusted by other groups.<a href="#cite_note-285">[285]</a> In November, Obama discussed gender disparity in attitudes with <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Alexander_(poet)" title="Elizabeth Alexander (poet)">Elizabeth Alexander</a> while attending the <a href="/wiki/Obama_Foundation" title="Obama Foundation">Obama Foundation</a> Summit in Chicago,<a href="#cite_note-286">[286]</a> and spoke at the Bushnell Center for the Performing Arts in <a href="/wiki/Hartford,_Connecticut" title="Hartford, Connecticut">Hartford, Connecticut</a>.<a href="#cite_note-287">[287]</a> In April 2018, Obama responded to speculation that she might be running for president by saying she has "never had the passion for politics" and that "there are millions of women who are inclined and do have the passion for politics."<a href="#cite_note-288">[288]</a> On January 2, 2021, Obama encouraged Georgia residents to vote in the state's runoff in the U.S. Senate election and to contact <a href="/wiki/VoteRiders" title="VoteRiders">VoteRiders</a>, a non-profit voter ID education organization, to make sure they have the necessary ID to vote.<a href="#cite_note-289">[289]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Joseph_R._Biden,_Jr._and_Vice_President_Kamala_Harris_participated_in_a_Presidential_Armed_Forces_Full_Honors_Wreath-Laying_Ceremony_at_the_Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Soldier_at_Arlington_National_Cemetery_(50857743682).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/President_Joseph_R._Biden%2C_Jr._and_Vice_President_Kamala_Harris_participated_in_a_Presidential_Armed_Forces_Full_Honors_Wreath-Laying_Ceremony_at_the_Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Soldier_at_Arlington_National_Cemetery_%2850857743682%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/President_Joseph_R._Biden%2C_Jr._and_Vice_President_Kamala_Harris_participated_in_a_Presidential_Armed_Forces_Full_Honors_Wreath-Laying_Ceremony_at_the_Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Soldier_at_Arlington_National_Cemetery_%2850857743682%29.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/President_Joseph_R._Biden%2C_Jr._and_Vice_President_Kamala_Harris_participated_in_a_Presidential_Armed_Forces_Full_Honors_Wreath-Laying_Ceremony_at_the_Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Soldier_at_Arlington_National_Cemetery_%2850857743682%29.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5568" data-file-height="3712" /></a><figcaption>Obama attending a wreath laying ceremony with her husband at the <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Soldier_(Arlington)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomb of the Unknown Soldier (Arlington)">Tomb of the Unknown Soldier</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Joe_Biden" title="Inauguration of Joe Biden">Inauguration of Joe Biden</a> in 2021</figcaption></figure> On January 20, 2021, Obama and her husband attended the <a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Joe_Biden" title="Inauguration of Joe Biden">inauguration of Joe Biden</a>. Michelle Obama wore a matching plum coat, sweater, pants, and belt designed by <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Hudson" title="Sergio Hudson">Sergio Hudson</a> to the inauguration.<a href="#cite_note-290">[290]</a> In 2021, she was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Women's Hall of Fame">National Women's Hall of Fame</a>.<a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a> On April 28, 2023, Obama, along with actress <a href="/wiki/Kate_Capshaw" title="Kate Capshaw">Kate Capshaw</a>, joined <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a> on stage during his show in <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> where they provided backing vocals and tambourine on Springsteen's song "<a href="/wiki/Glory_Days_(Bruce_Springsteen_song)" title="Glory Days (Bruce Springsteen song)">Glory Days</a>".<a href="#cite_note-292">[292]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2024_U.S._presidential_election">2024 U.S. presidential election</h3></div> Amid media speculation over the candidacy of President Biden, Obama's office announced in March 2024 that she would not be running for president in the <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024 United States presidential election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-293">[293]</a> According to a <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ipsos" title="Ipsos">Ipsos</a> public opinion poll among 892 registered voters released on July 2, 2024, Michelle Obama was the only listed Democrat option who would defeat Trump in a confrontation, with 50% of the votes for Obama versus 39% for Trump. 55% of the voters also had a favourable view of Obama versus 42% toward Trump.<a href="#cite_note-294">[294]</a><a href="#cite_note-295">[295]</a> On August 20, 2024, Obama gave the next-to-last address on the second night of the <a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2024 Democratic National Convention">2024 Democratic National Convention</a> and then introduced the final speaker, her husband, former president <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>. The New York Times called her speech "electrifying" and suggested she had outshone her husband.<a href="#cite_note-296">[296]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Becoming">Becoming</h3></div> Obama's memoir, <a href="/wiki/Becoming_(book)" title="Becoming (book)">Becoming</a>, was released in November 2018.<a href="#cite_note-297">[297]</a> By November 2019, it had sold 11.5 million copies.<a href="#cite_note-298">[298]</a> A documentary titled <a href="/wiki/Becoming_(2020_documentary_film)" title="Becoming (2020 documentary film)">Becoming</a>, which chronicles Obama's book tour promoting the memoir, was released on <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a> on May 6, 2020.<a href="#cite_note-299">[299]</a><a href="#cite_note-300">[300]</a> She received the <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Audio_Book,_Narration_%26_Storytelling_Recording" title="Grammy Award for Best Audio Book, Narration & Storytelling Recording">Grammy Award for Best Audio Book, Narration & Storytelling Recording</a> in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-301">[301]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Podcast">Podcast</h3></div> In July 2020, she premiered a podcast titled The Michelle Obama Podcast.<a href="#cite_note-302">[302]</a><a href="#cite_note-303">[303]</a> In February 2021, Obama was announced as an <a href="/wiki/Executive_producer_(television)" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive producer (television)">executive producer</a> and presenter on a children's <a href="/wiki/Cooking_show" title="Cooking show">cooking show</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waffles_%2B_Mochi" title="Waffles + Mochi">Waffles + Mochi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-304">[304]</a> It was released by Netflix on March 16, 2021.<a href="#cite_note-305">[305]</a><a href="#cite_note-306">[306]</a> On September 11, 2021, the Obamas attended a 9/11 memorial to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the attacks.<a href="#cite_note-307">[307]</a> More recently, Regina Hicks had signed a deal with <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a> alongside her and <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack</a>'s Higher Ground production company to develop comedies.<a href="#cite_note-308">[308]</a> She received two <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_and_Family_Emmy_Awards" title="Children's and Family Emmy Awards">Children's and Family Emmy Awards</a> at the <a href="/wiki/1st_Children%27s_and_Family_Emmy_Awards" title="1st Children's and Family Emmy Awards">1st Children's and Family Emmy Awards</a>: for Outstanding Short Form Program (<a href="/wiki/We_the_People_(2021_TV_series)" title="We the People (2021 TV series)">We the People</a>) and Outstanding Preschool Animated Series (<a href="/wiki/Ada_Twist,_Scientist_(TV_series)" title="Ada Twist, Scientist (TV series)">Ada Twist, Scientist</a>).<a href="#cite_note-309">[309]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film_and_television">Film and television</h3></div> Obama made guest appearances on a few TV shows, including <a href="/wiki/ICarly" title="ICarly">iCarly</a> in 2012, <a href="/wiki/Parks_and_Recreation" title="Parks and Recreation">Parks and Recreation</a> in 2014, <a href="/wiki/NCIS_(TV_series)" title="NCIS (TV series)">NCIS (TV series)</a> in 2016 (S13 E22 Homefront), and <a href="/wiki/Black-ish" title="Black-ish">Black-ish</a> in 2022, receiving <a href="/wiki/Black_Reel_TV_Awards" title="Black Reel TV Awards">Black Reel Awards for Television</a> nomination for <a href="/wiki/Black_Reel_Award_for_Outstanding_Guest_Actress,_Comedy_Series" title="Black Reel Award for Outstanding Guest Actress, Comedy Series">Outstanding Guest Actress, Comedy Series</a>.<a href="#cite_note-310">[310]</a> She produced the documentary film <a href="/wiki/Crip_Camp" title="Crip Camp">Crip Camp</a> (2020) and the biographical drama film <a href="/wiki/Rustin_(film)" title="Rustin (film)">Rustin</a> (2023). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Light_We_Carry">The Light We Carry</h3></div> On July 21, 2022, it was announced that Obama's next book, <a href="/wiki/The_Light_We_Carry" title="The Light We Carry">The Light We Carry: Overcoming in Uncertain Times</a>, would be published in November 2022.<a href="#cite_note-311">[311]</a> The book was published by Penguin Random House.<a href="#cite_note-312">[312]</a> In 2023, Obama received <a href="/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Hosted_Nonfiction_Series_or_Special" title="Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Hosted Nonfiction Series or Special">Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Hosted Nonfiction Series or Special</a> nomination at the <a href="/wiki/75th_Primetime_Creative_Arts_Emmy_Awards" title="75th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards">75th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards</a> for the Netflix documentary film The Light We Carry: Michelle Obama and Oprah Winfrey.<a href="#cite_note-313">[313]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h2></div> In November 2023, Obama was named to the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>'s <a href="/wiki/100_Women_(BBC)" title="100 Women (BBC)">100 Women</a> list.<a href="#cite_note-BBC2-314">[314]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Award </th> <th>Category </th> <th>Nominated work </th> <th>Result </th> <th class="unsortable">Ref. </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/62nd_Annual_Grammy_Awards" title="62nd Annual Grammy Awards">2019</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Awards" title="Grammy Awards">Grammy Awards</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Audio_Book,_Narration_%26_Storytelling_Recording" title="Grammy Award for Best Audio Book, Narration & Storytelling Recording">Best Spoken Word Album</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Becoming_(book)" title="Becoming (book)">Becoming</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td> <td rowspan="2" align="center"><a href="#cite_note-315">[315]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/66th_Annual_Grammy_Awards" title="66th Annual Grammy Awards">2023</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Audio_Book,_Narration_%26_Storytelling_Recording" title="Grammy Award for Best Audio Book, Narration & Storytelling Recording">Best Audio Book, Narration & Storytelling Recording</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Light_We_Carry" title="The Light We Carry">The Light We Carry: Overcoming in Uncertain Times</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/75th_Primetime_Creative_Arts_Emmy_Awards" title="75th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards">2023</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Awards" title="Primetime Emmy Awards">Primetime Emmy Awards</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Hosted_Nonfiction_Series_or_Special" title="Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Hosted Nonfiction Series or Special">Outstanding Hosted Nonfiction Series or Special</a> </td> <td>The Light We Carry: Michelle Obama and Oprah Winfrey </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td> <td align="center"><a href="#cite_note-316">[316]</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFObama2012" class="citation book cs1">Obama, Michelle (2012). <a href="/wiki/American_Grown" title="American Grown">American Grown: The Story of the White House Kitchen Garden and Gardens Across America</a>. New York: Crown Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-307-95602-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-307-95602-6"><bdi>978-0-307-95602-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/790271044">790271044</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Grown%3A+The+Story+of+the+White+House+Kitchen+Garden+and+Gardens+Across+America&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Crown+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F790271044&rft.isbn=978-0-307-95602-6&rft.aulast=Obama&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichelle+Obama" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFObama2018" class="citation book cs1">Obama, Michelle (2018). <a href="/wiki/Becoming_(book)" title="Becoming (book)">Becoming</a>. New York: Crown Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5247-6313-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5247-6313-8"><bdi>978-1-5247-6313-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1030413521">1030413521</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Becoming&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Crown+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1030413521&rft.isbn=978-1-5247-6313-8&rft.aulast=Obama&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichelle+Obama" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFObama2022" class="citation book cs1">Obama, Michelle (2022). <a href="/wiki/The_Light_We_Carry" title="The Light We Carry">The Light We Carry: Overcoming in Uncertain Times</a>. New York: Crown Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780593237465" title="Special:BookSources/9780593237465"><bdi>9780593237465</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1336957651">1336957651</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Light+We+Carry%3A+Overcoming+in+Uncertain+Times&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Crown+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1336957651&rft.isbn=9780593237465&rft.aulast=Obama&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichelle+Obama" class="Z3988"><a href="#cite_note-317">[317]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/administration/first-lady-michelle-obama">"First Lady Michelle Obama"</a>. whitehouse.gov. 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Detroit, Michigan: Omnigraphics. 2009. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/biographytodaypr0000unse/page/117">117</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7808-1052-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7808-1052-5"><bdi>978-0-7808-1052-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biography+Today&rft.place=Detroit%2C+Michigan&rft.pages=117&rft.pub=Omnigraphics&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-7808-1052-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbiographytodaypr0000unse%2Fpage%2F117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichelle+Obama" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FWtWMO-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FWtWMO_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FWtWMO_43-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlein,_Sarah_A.2008" class="citation news cs1">Klein, Sarah A. (May 5, 2008). "Focus: Women to Watch: Michelle Obama". <a href="/wiki/Crain%27s_Chicago_Business" title="Crain's Chicago Business">Crain's Chicago Business</a>. <a href="/wiki/Crain_Communications,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Crain Communications, Inc.">Crain Communications, Inc.</a> p. 29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crain%27s+Chicago+Business&rft.atitle=Focus%3A+Women+to+Watch%3A+Michelle+Obama&rft.pages=29&rft.date=2008-05-05&rft.au=Klein%2C+Sarah+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichelle+Obama" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-thesis-44"><a href="#cite_ref-thesis_44-0">^</a> Robinson, Michelle LaVaughn (1985), Sociology Department. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libweb5.princeton.edu/theses/index.htm">Princeton-Educated Blacks and the Black Community (96 pages).</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190527042623/http://libweb5.princeton.edu/theses/index.htm">Archived</a> May 27, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>" <a href="/wiki/Seeley_G._Mudd" title="Seeley G. Mudd">Seeley G. Mudd</a> Manuscript Library, Princeton University. (Thesis currently unavailable from this library; see next footnote for links to text.) </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRessner,_Jeffrey2008" class="citation news cs1">Ressner, Jeffrey (February 22, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0208/8642.html">"Michelle Obama thesis was on racial divide"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080411223731/http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0208/8642.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 11, 2008. Retrieved April 19, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Michelle+Obama+thesis+was+on+racial+divide&rft.date=2008-02-22&rft.au=Ressner%2C+Jeffrey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fnews%2Fstories%2F0208%2F8642.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichelle+Obama" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bond44-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bond44_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bond44_46-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBond2011" class="citation book cs1">Bond, Alma Halbert (2011). Michelle Obama, a Biography. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailyprincetonian.com/archives/2005/12/07/news/14049.shtml">the original</a> on February 20, 2009. Retrieved April 3, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Princetonian&rft.atitle=Obama+%2785+Masters+Balancing+Act&rft.date=2005-12-07&rft.au=Brown%2C+Sarah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailyprincetonian.com%2Farchives%2F2005%2F12%2F07%2Fnews%2F14049.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichelle+Obama" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRemnick2011" class="citation book cs1">Remnick, David (2011). The Bridge: The Life and Rise of Barack Obama. Vintage. p. 204. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-375-70230-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-375-70230-3"><bdi>978-0-375-70230-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bridge%3A+The+Life+and+Rise+of+Barack+Obama&rft.pages=204&rft.pub=Vintage&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-375-70230-3&rft.aulast=Remnick&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichelle+Obama" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Newsweek20080225-49"><a href="#cite_ref-Newsweek20080225_49-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolffe2008" class="citation news cs1">Wolffe, Richard (February 25, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsweek.com/id/112849">"Barack's Rock"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090417103534/http://www.newsweek.com/id/112849">Archived</a> from the original on April 17, 2009. 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Retrieved December 15, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Michelle+Obama+in+Qatar%3A+%27outdated+laws+and+traditions%27+rob+girls+of+education&rft.date=2015-11-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2015%2Fnov%2F05%2Fmichelle-obama-in-qatar-outdated-laws-and-traditions-rob-girls-of-education&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichelle+Obama" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Michelle_Obama-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Michelle_Obama_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Michelle_Obama_53-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Michelle-Obama">"Michelle Obama"</a>. Britannica. 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Newsweek. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090813224656/http://www.newsweek.com/id/70165?tid=relatedcl">Archived</a> from the original on August 13, 2009. 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Newsweek. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081218104943/http://www.newsweek.com/id/170360">Archived</a> from the original on December 18, 2008. 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Obama to answer questions about his church Saturday night"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Sun-Times" title="Chicago Sun-Times">Chicago Sun-Times</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.suntimes.com/sweet/2008/05/obama_resigns_from_trinity_uni.html">the original</a> on February 9, 2013. 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Retrieved January 10, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=Michelle+Obama%3A+As+Barack%27s+First+Lady%2C+I+Would+Work+to+Help+Working+Families+and+Military+Families&rft.date=2008-10-17&rft.au=Obama%2C+Michelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Farticles%2Fopinion%2F2008%2F10%2F17%2Fmichelle-obama-as-baracks-first-lady-i-would-work-to-help-working-families-and-military-families.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichelle+Obama" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-273"><a href="#cite_ref-273">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlaidman,_Daniel2008" class="citation news cs1">Klaidman, Daniel (November 22, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsweek.com/id/170435">"The Editor's Desk"</a>. 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Retrieved January 9, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=The+Editor%27s+Desk&rft.date=2008-11-22&rft.au=Klaidman%2C+Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fid%2F170435&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichelle+Obama" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErbe,_Bonnie2008" class="citation news cs1">Erbe, Bonnie (November 13, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/blogs/erbe/2008/11/13/michelle-obama-is-making-herself-a-stay-at-home-mom-not-the-media-2.html">"Michelle Obama Is Making Herself a Stay-at-Home Mom, Not the Media"</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090129160630/http://www.usnews.com/blogs/erbe/2008/11/13/michelle-obama-is-making-herself-a-stay-at-home-mom-not-the-media-2.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 29, 2009. Retrieved January 10, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=Michelle+Obama+Is+Making+Herself+a+Stay-at-Home+Mom%2C+Not+the+Media&rft.date=2008-11-13&rft.au=Erbe%2C+Bonnie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Fblogs%2Ferbe%2F2008%2F11%2F13%2Fmichelle-obama-is-making-herself-a-stay-at-home-mom-not-the-media-2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichelle+Obama" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><a href="#cite_ref-275">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErbe,_Bonnie2008" class="citation news cs1">Erbe, Bonnie (November 6, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/blogs/erbe/2008/11/06/barack-and-michelle-obama-sound-tone-deaf-on-womens-issues.html">"Barack and Michelle Obama Sound Tone-Deaf on Women's Issues"</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090415202422/http://www.usnews.com/blogs/erbe/2008/11/06/barack-and-michelle-obama-sound-tone-deaf-on-womens-issues.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 15, 2009. Retrieved January 10, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=Barack+and+Michelle+Obama+Sound+Tone-Deaf+on+Women%27s+Issues&rft.date=2008-11-06&rft.au=Erbe%2C+Bonnie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Fblogs%2Ferbe%2F2008%2F11%2F06%2Fbarack-and-michelle-obama-sound-tone-deaf-on-womens-issues.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichelle+Obama" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-276"><a href="#cite_ref-276">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohn2019" class="citation web cs1">Cohn, Alicia (December 30, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/news/476218-michelle-obama-is-most-admired-woman-in-new-poll/">"Michelle Obama is 'most admired woman' in new poll"</a>. The Hill. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220222180732/https://thehill.com/homenews/news/476218-michelle-obama-is-most-admired-woman-in-new-poll">Archived</a> from the original on February 22, 2022. Retrieved August 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Michelle+Obama+is+%27most+admired+woman%27+in+new+poll&rft.date=2019-12-30&rft.aulast=Cohn&rft.aufirst=Alicia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fhomenews%2Fnews%2F476218-michelle-obama-is-most-admired-woman-in-new-poll%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichelle+Obama" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBudryk2020" class="citation news cs1">Budryk, Zack (December 29, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/531909-michelle-obama-named-most-admired-woman-for-third-straight-year-gallup/">"Michelle Obama named most admired woman for third straight year: poll"</a>. The Hill. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201229125711/https://thehill.com/homenews/531909-michelle-obama-named-most-admired-woman-for-third-straight-year-gallup">Archived</a> from the original on December 29, 2020. Retrieved December 29, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Michelle+Obama+named+most+admired+woman+for+third+straight+year%3A+poll&rft.date=2020-12-29&rft.aulast=Budryk&rft.aufirst=Zack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fhomenews%2F531909-michelle-obama-named-most-admired-woman-for-third-straight-year-gallup%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichelle+Obama" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-278"><a href="#cite_ref-278">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBudryk2020" class="citation web cs1">Budryk, Zack (March 5, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/486077-time-revisits-100-years-of-person-of-the-year-covers-to-honor/">"Time revisits 100 years of 'Person of the Year' covers to honor overlooked women"</a>. The Hill. 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The Hill. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240517113530/https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/333152-michelle-obama-slams-trump-school-meals-decision/">Archived</a> from the original on May 17, 2024. Retrieved April 16, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Michelle+Obama+slams+Trump+school+meals+decision&rft.date=2017-05-12&rft.aulast=Greenwood&rft.aufirst=Max&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fblogs%2Fblog-briefing-room%2Fnews%2F333152-michelle-obama-slams-trump-school-meals-decision%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichelle+Obama" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHensch2017" class="citation news cs1">Hensch, Mark (June 6, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/news/336634-michelle-obama-to-silicon-valley-make-room-for-women/">"Michelle Obama to Silicon Valley: 'Make room' for women"</a>. The Hill. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240517113530/https://thehill.com/homenews/news/336634-michelle-obama-to-silicon-valley-make-room-for-women/">Archived</a> from the original on May 17, 2024. 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The Hill.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Michelle+Obama+gets+standing+ovation+at+ESPYs&rft.date=2017-07-12&rft.aulast=Manchester&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fblogs%2Fballot-box%2F341794-michelle-obama-gets-standing-ovation-at-espys%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichelle+Obama" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-282"><a href="#cite_ref-282">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelk2017" class="citation news cs1">Delk, Josh (September 22, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/351936-michelle-obama-wh-being-led-with-fear/">"Michelle Obama: WH being led with fear"</a>. 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Retrieved April 16, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Michelle+Obama%3A+WH+being+led+with+fear&rft.date=2017-09-22&rft.aulast=Delk&rft.aufirst=Josh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fblogs%2Fblog-briefing-room%2F351936-michelle-obama-wh-being-led-with-fear%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichelle+Obama" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-283"><a href="#cite_ref-283">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeipel2017" class="citation news cs1">Seipel, Brooke (September 23, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/news/352095-michelle-obama-delivers-message-supporting-girls-education/">"Michelle Obama delivers message supporting girls education"</a>. The Hill.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Michelle+Obama+delivers+message+supporting+girls+education&rft.date=2017-09-23&rft.aulast=Seipel&rft.aufirst=Brooke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fhomenews%2Fnews%2F352095-michelle-obama-delivers-message-supporting-girls-education%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichelle+Obama" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2017/09/27/politics/michelle-obama-women-voters/index.html">"Michelle Obama: 'Any woman who voted against Hillary Clinton voted against their own voice'"</a>. CNN. September 27, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170930024616/http://www.cnn.com/2017/09/27/politics/michelle-obama-women-voters/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 30, 2017. Retrieved September 29, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Michelle+Obama%3A+%27Any+woman+who+voted+against+Hillary+Clinton+voted+against+their+own+voice%27&rft.date=2017-09-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2017%2F09%2F27%2Fpolitics%2Fmichelle-obama-women-voters%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichelle+Obama" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-285"><a href="#cite_ref-285">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnapol2017" class="citation news cs1">Anapol, Avery (October 4, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/353851-michelle-obama-criticizes-lack-of-diversity-in-politics-all-white/">"Michelle Obama criticizes lack of diversity in politics: one side is 'all white, all men'"</a>. The Hill. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240517115035/https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/353851-michelle-obama-criticizes-lack-of-diversity-in-politics-all-white/">Archived</a> from the original on May 17, 2024. Retrieved April 16, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Michelle+Obama+criticizes+lack+of+diversity+in+politics%3A+one+side+is+%27all+white%2C+all+men%27&rft.date=2017-10-04&rft.aulast=Anapol&rft.aufirst=Avery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fblogs%2Fblog-briefing-room%2F353851-michelle-obama-criticizes-lack-of-diversity-in-politics-all-white%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichelle+Obama" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-286"><a href="#cite_ref-286">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKurtz2017" class="citation news cs1">Kurtz, Judy (November 1, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/blogs/in-the-know/in-the-know/358253-michelle-obama-we-raise-men-to-feel-entitled/">"Michelle Obama: We raise men to feel 'entitled'"</a>. 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The Hill. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240517115032/https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/360978-michelle-obama-on-coping-with-trump-presidency-dont-tweet-nasty/">Archived</a> from the original on May 17, 2024. 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The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved December 6, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Michelle+Obama+Has+Some+Advice&rft.date=2022-11-15&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Newman&rft.aufirst=Judith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F11%2F15%2Fbooks%2Freview%2Fthe-light-we-carry-michelle-obama.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichelle+Obama" class="Z3988"></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChan2022" class="citation magazine cs1">Chan, Tim (November 23, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/product-recommendations/books/michelle-obama-new-book-the-light-we-carry-buy-read-online-1234630261/">"First (Place) Lady: Michelle Obama's New Book Hits Number One on the Charts"</a>. Rolling Stone. Retrieved December 6, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=First+%28Place%29+Lady%3A+Michelle+Obama%27s+New+Book+Hits+Number+One+on+the+Charts&rft.date=2022-11-23&rft.aulast=Chan&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fproduct-recommendations%2Fbooks%2Fmichelle-obama-new-book-the-light-we-carry-buy-read-online-1234630261%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichelle+Obama" class="Z3988"></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeaton2022" class="citation web cs1">Seaton, Lola (November 23, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newstatesman.com/culture/books/2022/11/the-light-we-carry-michelle-obama-review">"The Light We Carry: Michelle Obama's self-help slogans"</a>. New Statesman. Retrieved December 6, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Statesman&rft.atitle=The+Light+We+Carry%3A+Michelle+Obama%27s+self-help+slogans&rft.date=2022-11-23&rft.aulast=Seaton&rft.aufirst=Lola&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newstatesman.com%2Fculture%2Fbooks%2F2022%2F11%2Fthe-light-we-carry-michelle-obama-review&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichelle+Obama" class="Z3988"></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDawn2022" class="citation news cs1">Dawn, Turner (November 15, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/books/2022/11/15/michelle-obama-book/">"The message of Michelle Obama's new book is familiar but much needed"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. Retrieved December 6, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+message+of+Michelle+Obama%27s+new+book+is+familiar+but+much+needed&rft.date=2022-11-15&rft.aulast=Dawn&rft.aufirst=Turner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fbooks%2F2022%2F11%2F15%2Fmichelle-obama-book%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichelle+Obama" class="Z3988"></li></ul></div> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColbert,_David2008" class="citation book cs1">Colbert, David (2008). Michelle Obama, An American Story. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-547-24770-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-547-24770-0"><bdi>978-0-547-24770-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Michelle+Obama%2C+An+American+Story&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Harcourt&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-547-24770-0&rft.au=Colbert%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichelle+Obama" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLightfoot,_Elizabeth2008" class="citation book cs1">Lightfoot, Elizabeth (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/michelleobamafir00ligh">Michelle Obama: First Lady of Hope</a>. The Lyons Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59921-521-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59921-521-1"><bdi>978-1-59921-521-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Michelle+Obama%3A+First+Lady+of+Hope&rft.pub=The+Lyons+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-59921-521-1&rft.au=Lightfoot%2C+Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmichelleobamafir00ligh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichelle+Obama" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMundy,_Liza2008" class="citation book cs1">Mundy, Liza (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/michellebiograph00mund">Michelle Obama, A Life</a>. Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4165-9943-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4165-9943-2"><bdi>978-1-4165-9943-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Michelle+Obama%2C+A+Life&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4165-9943-2&rft.au=Mundy%2C+Liza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmichellebiograph00mund&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichelle+Obama" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChambers,_Veronica2017" class="citation book cs1">Chambers, Veronica (2017). The Meaning of Michelle: 16 Writers on the Iconic First Lady and How Her Journey Inspires Our Own. St. Martin's Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-250-11496-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-250-11496-9"><bdi>978-1-250-11496-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Meaning+of+Michelle%3A+16+Writers+on+the+Iconic+First+Lady+and+How+Her+Journey+Inspires+Our+Own&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-250-11496-9&rft.au=Chambers%2C+Veronica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichelle+Obama" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night 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plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Michelle_Obama" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/joiningforces/about">Joining Forces</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2349292/">Michelle Obama</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?1023759">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF157;">Honorary titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div 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class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Michelle_Obama" title="Template:Michelle Obama"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Michelle_Obama" title="Template talk:Michelle Obama"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Michelle_Obama" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Michelle Obama"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Michelle_Obama" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michelle Obama</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Work</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Move!" title="Let's Move!">Let's Move!</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Task_Force_on_Childhood_Obesity" title="Task Force on Childhood Obesity">Task Force on Childhood Obesity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Save_America%27s_Treasures" title="Save America's Treasures">Save America's Treasures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joining_Forces" title="Joining Forces">Joining Forces</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Michelle_Obama_2013_official_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Michelle_Obama_2013_official_portrait.jpg/140px-Michelle_Obama_2013_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Michelle_Obama_2013_official_portrait.jpg/210px-Michelle_Obama_2013_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Michelle_Obama_2013_official_portrait.jpg/280px-Michelle_Obama_2013_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2722" data-file-height="4096" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Grown" title="American Grown">American Grown</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Becoming_(book)" title="Becoming (book)">Becoming</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Light_We_Carry" title="The Light We Carry">The Light We Carry</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Barack_Obama" title="Family of Barack Obama">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (husband)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Robinson" title="Marian Robinson">Marian Robinson</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Robinson_(basketball)" title="Craig Robinson (basketball)">Craig Robinson</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capers_Funnye" title="Capers Funnye">Capers Funnye</a> (cousin)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo_(dog)" title="Bo (dog)">Bo</a> (family dog)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunny_(dog)" title="Sunny (dog)">Sunny</a> (family dog)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public image</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_and_Michelle" title="Barack and Michelle">Barack and Michelle</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama:_A_Life" title="Michelle Obama: A Life">Michelle Obama: A Life</a> (2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southside_with_You" title="Southside with You">Southside with You</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Becoming_(2020_documentary_film)" title="Becoming (2020 documentary film)">Becoming</a> (2020 documentary)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waffles_%2B_Mochi" title="Waffles + Mochi">Waffles + Mochi</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_the_People_(2021_TV_series)" title="We the People (2021 TV series)">We the People</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_First_Lady_(American_TV_series)" title="The First Lady (American TV series)">The First Lady</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picturing_the_Obamas" title="Picturing the Obamas">Picturing the Obamas</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Michelle_Obama_Musiaqualogy" title="The Michelle Obama Musiaqualogy">The Michelle Obama Musiaqualogy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Lady_Michelle_Obama_(painting)" title="First Lady Michelle Obama (painting)">First Lady Michelle Obama</a> (painting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama:_The_Light_Podcast" title="Michelle Obama: The Light Podcast">Michelle Obama: The Light Podcast</a> (2023 podcast)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Plaza" title="Barack Obama Plaza">Barack Obama Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_and_Barack_Obama_Sports_Complex" title="Michelle and Barack Obama Sports Complex">Michelle and Barack Obama Sports Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_Ground_Productions" title="Higher Ground Productions">Higher Ground Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2020 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">2020 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Michelle_Obama" title="Category:Michelle Obama">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="First_ladies_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_First_Ladies" title="Template:US First Ladies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_First_Ladies" title="Template talk:US First Ladies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_First_Ladies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US First Ladies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="First_ladies_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_first_ladies_of_the_United_States" title="List of first ladies of the United States">First ladies of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Washington" title="Martha Washington">Martha Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Adams" title="Abigail Adams">Abigail Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Jefferson_Randolph" title="Martha Jefferson Randolph">Martha Jefferson Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolley_Madison" title="Dolley Madison">Dolley Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Monroe" title="Elizabeth Monroe">Elizabeth Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisa_Adams" title="Louisa Adams">Louisa Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Donelson" title="Emily Donelson">Emily Donelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Yorke_Jackson" title="Sarah Yorke Jackson">Sarah Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelica_Singleton_Van_Buren" title="Angelica Singleton Van Buren">Angelica Van Buren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Harrison" title="Anna Harrison">Anna Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Irwin_Harrison" title="Jane Irwin Harrison">Jane Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letitia_Christian_Tyler" title="Letitia Christian Tyler">Letitia Tyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_Cooper_Tyler" title="Priscilla Cooper Tyler">Priscilla Tyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Gardiner_Tyler" title="Julia Gardiner Tyler">Julia Tyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Childress_Polk" title="Sarah Childress Polk">Sarah Polk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Taylor" title="Margaret Taylor">Margaret Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Fillmore" title="Abigail Fillmore">Abigail Fillmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Pierce" title="Jane Pierce">Jane Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Lane" title="Harriet Lane">Harriet Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Todd_Lincoln" title="Mary Todd Lincoln">Mary Todd Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliza_McCardle_Johnson" title="Eliza McCardle Johnson">Eliza Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Grant" title="Julia Grant">Julia Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Webb_Hayes" title="Lucy Webb Hayes">Lucy Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucretia_Garfield" title="Lucretia Garfield">Lucretia Garfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Arthur_McElroy" title="Mary Arthur McElroy">Mary McElroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Cleveland" title="Rose Cleveland">Rose Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Cleveland" title="Frances Cleveland">Frances Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Harrison" title="Caroline Harrison">Caroline Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Harrison_McKee" title="Mary Harrison McKee">Mary Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Cleveland" title="Frances Cleveland">Frances Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Saxton_McKinley" title="Ida Saxton McKinley">Ida McKinley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Roosevelt" title="Edith Roosevelt">Edith Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Herron_Taft" title="Helen Herron Taft">Helen Taft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Axson_Wilson" title="Ellen Axson Wilson">Ellen Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Margaret Woodrow Wilson">Margaret Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Wilson" title="Edith Wilson">Edith Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Harding" title="Florence Harding">Florence Harding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Coolidge" title="Grace Coolidge">Grace Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lou_Henry_Hoover" title="Lou Henry Hoover">Lou Hoover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Eleanor Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bess_Truman" title="Bess Truman">Bess Truman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamie_Eisenhower" title="Mamie Eisenhower">Mamie Eisenhower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis">Jacqueline Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Bird_Johnson" title="Lady Bird Johnson">Lady Bird Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Nixon" title="Pat Nixon">Pat Nixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Ford" title="Betty Ford">Betty Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalynn_Carter" title="Rosalynn Carter">Rosalynn Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan">Nancy Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Bush" title="Barbara Bush">Barbara Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton%27s_tenure_as_First_Lady_of_the_United_States" title="Hillary Clinton's tenure as First Lady of the United States">tenure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Bush" title="Laura Bush">Laura Bush</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michelle Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melania_Trump" title="Melania Trump">Melania Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Biden" title="Jill Biden">Jill Biden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_United_States" title="First Lady of the United States">First Lady of the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_United_States_presidential_spouses_and_first_ladies" title="Bibliography of United States presidential spouses and first ladies">bibliographies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_family_of_the_United_States" title="First family of the United States">families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_First_Lady_of_the_United_States_firsts" title="List of First Lady of the United States firsts">firsts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_memoirs_by_first_ladies_of_the_United_States" title="List of memoirs by first ladies of the United States">memoirs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Ladies_National_Historic_Site" title="First Ladies National Historic Site">National Historic Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:First_ladies_of_the_United_States" title="Category:First ladies of the United States">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Barack_Obama" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Barack_Obama" title="Template:Barack Obama"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Barack_Obama" title="Template talk:Barack Obama"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Barack_Obama" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Barack Obama"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Barack_Obama" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">44th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (2009–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Illinois" title="List of United States senators from Illinois">from Illinois</a> (2005–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate" title="Illinois Senate">Illinois Senator</a> from the 13th district (1997–2004)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_life_and_career_of_Barack_Obama" title="Early life and career of Barack Obama">Early life and career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate_career_of_Barack_Obama" title="Illinois Senate career of Barack Obama">Illinois Senate career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2004 Democratic National Convention">2004 Democratic National Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_career_of_Barack_Obama" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate career of Barack Obama">U.S. Senate career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Barack_Obama" title="Political positions of Barack Obama">Political positions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Administration foreign policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the Barack Obama administration">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_on_mass_surveillance" title="Barack Obama on mass surveillance">Mass surveillance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Social policy of the Barack Obama administration">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Space policy of the Barack Obama administration">Space</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2009 Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Wing_Week" title="West Wing Week">West Wing Week</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">Presidency</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency">timeline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidential transition of Barack Obama">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="First inauguration of Barack Obama">2009 inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="Second inauguration of Barack Obama">2013 inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_100_days_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency" title="First 100 days of the Barack Obama presidency">First 100 days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2009)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2009)">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2010)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2010)">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2011)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2011)">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2012)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2012)">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2013)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2013)">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2014)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2014)">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2015)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2015)">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2016–2017)">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2016%E2%80%932017)#January_2017" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2016–2017)">January 2017</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Foreign policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Middle Eastern foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)#Reassessment_and_renewed_commitment_from_2008" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Iraq_(2007%E2%80%932011)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq (2007–2011)">Iraq withdrawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Osama_bin_Laden" title="Killing of Osama bin Laden">Killing of Osama bin Laden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Benghazi_attack" title="2012 Benghazi attack">Benghazi attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US-led_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%932021)" title="US-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)">Return to Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="US intervention in the Syrian civil war">War in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Iran nuclear deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="East Asian foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Pivot to Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_thaw" title="Cuban thaw">Cuban thaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama_Doctrine" title="Obama Doctrine">Obama Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="European foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Europe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Economic policy of the Barack Obama administration">Economic policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affordable_Care_Act" title="Affordable Care Act">Affordable Care Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Recovery_and_Reinvestment_Act_of_2009" title="American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009">American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodd%E2%80%93Frank_Wall_Street_Reform_and_Consumer_Protection_Act" title="Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act">Dodd–Frank Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilly_Ledbetter_Fair_Pay_Act_of_2009" title="Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009">Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Energy policy of the Barack Obama administration">Energy</a>/Environmental <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_R._Lautenberg_Chemical_Safety_for_the_21st_Century_Act" title="Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act">Lautenberg Chemical Safety Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Marine policy of the Barack Obama administration">Marine policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Energy_for_America" title="New Energy for America">New Energy for America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_greenhouse_gases_under_the_Clean_Air_Act" title="Regulation of greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act">Regulation of greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_Power_Plan" title="Clean Power Plan">Clean Power Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_Water_Act" title="Clean Water Act">Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act of 2014</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthy,_Hunger-Free_Kids_Act_of_2010" title="Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010">Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_START" title="New START">New START</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moving_Ahead_for_Progress_in_the_21st_Century_Act" title="Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act">MAP-21st Century Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fixing_America%27s_Surface_Transportation_Act" title="Fixing America's Surface Transportation Act">FAST Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_granted_executive_clemency_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of people granted executive clemency by Barack Obama">Pardons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama">Presidential trips</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2009)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2009)">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2010)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2010)">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2011)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2011)">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2012)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2012)">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2013)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2013)">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2014)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2014)">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2015)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2015)">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2016%E2%80%932017)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2016–2017)">2016–17</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of international presidential trips made by Barack Obama">international</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of federal judges appointed by Barack Obama">Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Barack Obama Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Sonia Sotomayor Supreme Court nomination">Sotomayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elena_Kagan_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Elena Kagan Supreme Court nomination">Kagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrick_Garland_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Merrick Garland Supreme Court nomination">Garland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_judicial_appointment_controversies" title="Barack Obama judicial appointment controversies">controversies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Barack_Obama" title="Cabinet of Barack Obama">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Presidential_Center" title="Barack Obama Presidential Center">Presidential Library and Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_actions_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of executive actions by Barack Obama">Executive actions</a> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Barack_Hussein_Obama/Executive_orders" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Barack Hussein Obama/Executive orders">Executive orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_memoranda_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of presidential memoranda by Barack Obama">Memoranda</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Barack_Obama/Presidential_Proclamations" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Barack Obama/Presidential Proclamations">Proclamations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidential transition of Donald Trump">Trump transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantation_Estate" title="Plantation Estate">Plantation Estate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_by_Barack_Obama" title="Category:Books by Barack Obama">Books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dreams_from_My_Father" title="Dreams from My Father">Dreams from My Father (1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Audacity_of_Hope" title="The Audacity of Hope">The Audacity of Hope (2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Of_Thee_I_Sing_(book)" title="Of Thee I Sing (book)">Of Thee I Sing (2010)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Promised_Land" title="A Promised Land">A Promised Land (2020)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Speeches_of_Barack_Obama" title="Speeches of Barack Obama">Speeches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_National_Convention_keynote_address" title="2004 Democratic National Convention keynote address">The Audacity of Hope</a>" (2004)</li> <li>"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Remarks_of_Senator_Barack_Obama_on_New_Hampshire_Primary_Night" class="extiw" title="s:Remarks of Senator Barack Obama on New Hampshire Primary Night">Yes We Can</a>" (2008)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_More_Perfect_Union_(speech)" title="A More Perfect Union (speech)">A More Perfect Union</a>" (2008)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_election_victory_speech" title="Barack Obama 2008 presidential election victory speech">Change Has Come to America</a>" (2008)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama#Ceremony:_"A_New_Birth_of_Freedom"" title="First inauguration of Barack Obama">A New Birth of Freedom</a>" (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2009_Barack_Obama_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress" title="February 2009 Barack Obama speech to a joint session of Congress">Joint session of Congress</a> (2009)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_New_Beginning_(speech)" title="A New Beginning (speech)">A New Beginning</a>" (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2009_Barack_Obama_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress" title="September 2009 Barack Obama speech to a joint session of Congress">Joint session of Congress (health care reform)</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union Address</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2010 State of the Union Address">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2011 State of the Union Address">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2012 State of the Union Address">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2013 State of the Union Address">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2014 State of the Union Address">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2015 State of the Union Address">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2016 State of the Union Address">2016</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Tucson_memorial_speech" title="Barack Obama Tucson memorial speech">Tucson memorial speech</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Jobs_Act" title="American Jobs Act">Joint session of Congress (jobs)</a> (2011)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You_didn%27t_build_that" title="You didn't build that">You didn't build that</a>" (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Selma_50th_anniversary_speech" title="Barack Obama Selma 50th anniversary speech">Selma 50th anniversary</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama%27s_farewell_address" title="Barack Obama's farewell address">Farewell address</a> (2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Barack_Obama" title="Electoral history of Barack Obama">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Illinois</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate_elections_of_Barack_Obama" title="Illinois Senate elections of Barack Obama">State Senate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate_elections_of_Barack_Obama#First_state_Senate_election,_1996" title="Illinois Senate elections of Barack Obama">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate_elections_of_Barack_Obama#Second_state_Senate_election,_1998" title="Illinois Senate elections of Barack Obama">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate_elections_of_Barack_Obama#Third_state_Senate_election,_2002" title="Illinois Senate elections of Barack Obama">2002</a></li></ul></li> <li>U.S. House of Representatives <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Illinois%27s_1st_congressional_district_election" title="2000 Illinois's 1st congressional district election">2000</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">U.S. Senate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_Senate_election_in_Illinois" title="2004 United States Senate election in Illinois">2004</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign">2008 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republican_and_conservative_support_for_Barack_Obama_in_2008" title="Republican and conservative support for Barack Obama in 2008">GOP/conservative support</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign_staff_members" title="List of Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign staff members">staff members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_primary_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2008 presidential primary campaign">primary campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2008 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">running mate selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2008 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">election</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign">2012 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Barack_Obama_2012_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2012 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2012 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2012 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">election</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Barack_Obama" title="Family of Barack Obama">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michelle Obama</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Dunham" title="Ann Dunham">Ann Dunham</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Sr." title="Barack Obama Sr.">Barack Obama Sr.</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolo_Soetoro" title="Lolo Soetoro">Lolo Soetoro</a> (stepfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Soetoro-Ng" title="Maya Soetoro-Ng">Maya Soetoro-Ng</a> (maternal half-sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Armour_Dunham" title="Stanley Armour Dunham">Stanley Armour Dunham</a> (maternal grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madelyn_Dunham" title="Madelyn Dunham">Madelyn Dunham</a> (maternal grandmother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auma_Obama" title="Auma Obama">Auma Obama</a> (paternal half-sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik_Obama" title="Malik Obama">Malik Obama</a> (paternal half-brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Robinson" title="Marian Robinson">Marian Robinson</a> (mother-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Robinson_(basketball)" title="Craig Robinson (basketball)">Craig Robinson</a> (brother-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo_(dog)" title="Bo (dog)">Bo</a> (family dog)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunny_(dog)" title="Sunny (dog)">Sunny</a> (family dog)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Barack_Obama" title="Template:Barack Obama"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Barack_Obama" title="Template talk:Barack Obama"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Barack_Obama" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Barack Obama"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Public_image" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Public_image_of_Barack_Obama" title="Public image of Barack Obama">Public image</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">News and political events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey%27s_endorsement_of_Barack_Obama" title="Oprah Winfrey's endorsement of Barack Obama">Oprah Winfrey's endorsement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_citizenship_conspiracy_theories" title="Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories">Citizenship conspiracy theories</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_presidential_eligibility_litigation" title="Barack Obama presidential eligibility litigation">litigation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_religion_conspiracy_theories" title="Barack Obama religion conspiracy theories">Religion conspiracy theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Ayers_2008_presidential_election_controversy" title="Bill Ayers 2008 presidential election controversy">Bill Ayers controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright_controversy" title="Jeremiah Wright controversy">Jeremiah Wright controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_and_conservative_support_for_Barack_Obama_in_2008" title="Republican and conservative support for Barack Obama in 2008">Republican and conservative support (2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_incidents_involving_Barack_Obama" title="Security incidents involving Barack Obama">Assassination threats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_assassination_plot_in_Denver" title="Barack Obama assassination plot in Denver">2008 Denver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_assassination_plot_in_Tennessee" title="Barack Obama assassination plot in Tennessee">2008 Tennessee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invitations_to_the_first_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="Invitations to the first inauguration of Barack Obama">First inauguration invitations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Are_One:_The_Obama_Inaugural_Celebration_at_the_Lincoln_Memorial" title="We Are One: The Obama Inaugural Celebration at the Lincoln Memorial">Inaugural Celebration at the Lincoln Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizen%27s_Briefing_Book" title="Citizen's Briefing Book">Citizen's Briefing Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_protests" title="Tea Party protests">Tea Party protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Energy_for_America" title="New Energy for America">New Energy for America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Louis_Gates_arrest_controversy#Presidential_involvement" title="Henry Louis Gates arrest controversy">Gates–Crowley Rose Garden meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firing_of_Shirley_Sherrod" title="Firing of Shirley Sherrod">Firing of Shirley Sherrod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Barack_Obama" title="Efforts to impeach Barack Obama">Impeachment efforts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_tan_suit_controversy" title="Barack Obama tan suit controversy">Tan suit controversy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_about_Barack_Obama" title="Category:Books about Barack Obama">Books about</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Barack_Obama" title="Bibliography of Barack Obama">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama:_From_Promise_to_Power" title="Obama: From Promise to Power">Obama: From Promise to Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama:_Der_schwarze_Kennedy" title="Barack Obama: Der schwarze Kennedy">Barack Obama: Der schwarze Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redemption_Song_(Stanage_book)" title="Redemption Song (Stanage book)">Redemption Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Case_Against_Barack_Obama" title="The Case Against Barack Obama">The Case Against Barack Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Obama_Nation" title="The Obama Nation">The Obama Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Corruption" title="Culture of Corruption">Culture of Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catastrophe_(Morris_and_McGann_book)" title="Catastrophe (Morris and McGann book)">Catastrophe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_and_Michelle" title="Barack and Michelle">Barack and Michelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Speech_(Sharpley-Whiting_book)" title="The Speech (Sharpley-Whiting book)">The Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Obama_Story" title="The Obama Story">The Obama Story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Between_Barack_and_a_Hard_Place" title="Between Barack and a Hard Place">Between Barack and a Hard Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_Change" title="Game Change">Game Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama_Zombies" title="Obama Zombies">Obama Zombies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Victory" title="Conservative Victory">Conservative Victory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bridge:_The_Life_and_Rise_of_Barack_Obama" title="The Bridge: The Life and Rise of Barack Obama">The Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Obama_Diaries" title="The Obama Diaries">The Obama Diaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Obama_Syndrome" title="The Obama Syndrome">The Obama Syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Obama_Identity" title="The Obama Identity">The Obama Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O:_A_Presidential_Novel" title="O: A Presidential Novel">O: A Presidential Novel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Where%27s_the_Birth_Certificate%3F" title="Where's the Birth Certificate?">Where's the Birth Certificate?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama%27s_Last_Stand" title="Obama's Last Stand">Obama's Last Stand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama:_The_Story" title="Barack Obama: The Story">Barack Obama: The Story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Down:_Game_Change_2012" title="Double Down: Game Change 2012"> Game Change 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buyer%27s_Remorse_(book)" title="Buyer's Remorse (book)">Buyer's Remorse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rising_Star_(book)" title="Rising Star (book)">Rising Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shade:_A_Tale_of_Two_Presidents" title="Shade: A Tale of Two Presidents">Shade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_World_as_It_Is_(book)" title="The World as It Is (book)">The World as It Is</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amber_Lee_Ettinger" title="Amber Lee Ettinger">Obama Girl</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Crush_on_Obama" title="Crush on Obama">I Got a Crush... on Obama</a>"</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Magical_Negro#Barack_Obama" title="Magical Negro">Barack the Magic Negro</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will.i.am" title="Will.i.am">will.i.am</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Yes_We_Can_(will.i.am_song)" title="Yes We Can (will.i.am song)">Yes We Can</a>"</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_President_Sang_Amazing_Grace" title="The President Sang Amazing Grace">The President Sang Amazing Grace</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/There%27s_No_One_as_Irish_as_Barack_O%27Bama" title="There's No One as Irish as Barack O'Bama">There's No One as Irish as Barack O'Bama</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/S%C3%AD_Se_Puede_Cambiar" title="Sí Se Puede Cambiar">Sí Se Puede Cambiar</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/My_President" title="My President">My President</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Deadheads_for_Obama" title="Deadheads for Obama">Deadheads for Obama</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Air_and_Simple_Gifts" title="Air and Simple Gifts">Air and Simple Gifts</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Change_Is_Now:_Renewing_America%27s_Promise" title="Change Is Now: Renewing America's Promise">Change Is Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hope!_%E2%80%93_Das_Obama_Musical" title="Hope! – Das Obama Musical">Hope! – Das Obama Musical</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_vs._Mitt_Romney_(video)" title="Barack Obama vs. Mitt Romney (video)">Barack Obama vs. Mitt Romney</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baracksdubs" title="Baracksdubs">Barack's Dubs</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Signed,_Sealed,_Delivered_I%27m_Yours#Political_significance" title="Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours">Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film, TV, and stage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/By_the_People:_The_Election_of_Barack_Obama" title="By the People: The Election of Barack Obama">By the People: The Election of Barack Obama</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Change_(film)" title="Change (film)">Change</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama_Anak_Menteng" title="Obama Anak Menteng">Obama Anak Menteng</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016:_Obama%27s_America" title="2016: Obama's America">2016: Obama's America</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Road_We%27ve_Traveled" title="The Road We've Traveled">The Road We've Traveled</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southside_with_You" title="Southside with You">Southside with You</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_and_Clinton" title="Hillary and Clinton">Hillary and Clinton</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_(2016_film)" title="Barry (2016 film)">Barry</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Great_Divide" title="America's Great Divide">America's Great Divide</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_the_People_(2021_TV_series)" title="We the People (2021 TV series)">We the People</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renegades:_Born_in_the_USA" title="Renegades: Born in the USA">Renegades: Born in the USA</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama:_In_Pursuit_of_a_More_Perfect_Union" title="Obama: In Pursuit of a More Perfect Union">Obama: In Pursuit of a More Perfect Union</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_First_Lady_(American_TV_series)" title="The First Lady (American TV series)">The First Lady</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picturing_the_Obamas" title="Picturing the Obamas">Picturing the Obamas</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Images_of_Barack_Obama" title="Category:Images of Barack Obama">Other media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_media_use_by_Barack_Obama" title="Social media use by Barack Obama">Social media use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artists_for_Obama" title="Artists for Obama">Artists for Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_%22Hope%22_poster" title="Barack Obama "Hope" poster">"Hope" poster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_%22Joker%22_poster" title="Barack Obama "Joker" poster">"Joker" poster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_Like_Mine" title="Hair Like Mine">Hair Like Mine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situation_Room_(photograph)" title="Situation Room (photograph)">Situation Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iman_Crosson" title="Iman Crosson">Iman Crosson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Forgotten_Man_(painting)" title="The Forgotten Man (painting)">The Forgotten Man</a> (2010 painting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_Barack_Obama_(painting)" title="President Barack Obama (painting)">President Barack Obama</a> (2018 portrait)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama_logo" title="Obama logo">Obama logo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_in_comics" title="Barack Obama in comics">In comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama%27s_summer_playlist" title="Barack Obama's summer playlist">Barack Obama's summer playlist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Day" title="Barack Obama Day">Barack Obama Day (Illinois)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Obama Day">Obama Day (Kenya)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_honors_and_awards_received_by_Barack_Obama" class="mw-redirect" title="List of honors and awards received by Barack Obama">Awards and honors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Barack_Obama" title="List of things named after Barack Obama">Namesakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_Ground_Productions" title="Higher Ground Productions">Higher Ground Productions</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/One_Last_Time_(Hamilton_song)#Remix" title="One Last Time (Hamilton song)">One Last Time (44 Remix)</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunlight_before_signing" title="Sunlight before signing">Sunlight before signing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">← George W. Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump →</a></li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Barack_Obama" title="Category:Barack Obama">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Inductees_to_the_National_Women&#039;s_Hall_of_Fame" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:National Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:National Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Inductees_to_the_National_Women&#039;s_Hall_of_Fame" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Inductees to the <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Women's Hall of Fame">National Women's Hall of Fame</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1970–1979" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1970–1979</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1973</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Jane Addams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Anderson" title="Marian Anderson">Marian Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony">Susan B. Anthony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Barton" title="Clara Barton">Clara Barton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_McLeod_Bethune" title="Mary McLeod Bethune">Mary McLeod Bethune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackwell" title="Elizabeth Blackwell">Elizabeth Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_S._Buck" title="Pearl S. Buck">Pearl S. Buck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Carson" title="Rachel Carson">Rachel Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt">Mary Cassatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Dickinson" title="Emily Dickinson">Emily Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Earhart" title="Amelia Earhart">Amelia Earhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Hamilton" title="Alice Hamilton">Alice Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Hayes" title="Helen Hayes">Helen Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Keller" title="Helen Keller">Helen Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Eleanor Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_R._Sabin" title="Florence R. Sabin">Florence Sabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Chase_Smith" title="Margaret Chase Smith">Margaret Chase Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton" title="Elizabeth Cady Stanton">Elizabeth Cady Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_B._Taussig" title="Helen B. Taussig">Helen Brooke Taussig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Tubman" title="Harriet Tubman">Harriet Tubman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Adams" title="Abigail Adams">Abigail Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Mead" title="Margaret Mead">Margaret Mead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babe_Didrikson_Zaharias" title="Babe Didrikson Zaharias">Mildred "Babe" Didrikson Zaharias</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1979</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Dix" title="Dorothea Dix">Dorothea Dix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliette_Gordon_Low" title="Juliette Gordon Low">Juliette Gordon Low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Paul" title="Alice Paul">Alice Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Ann_Seton" title="Elizabeth Ann Seton">Elizabeth Bayley Seton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1980–1989" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1980–1989</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1981</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Sanger" title="Margaret Sanger">Margaret Sanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_Truth" title="Sojourner Truth">Sojourner Truth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1982</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carrie_Chapman_Catt" title="Carrie Chapman Catt">Carrie Chapman Catt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Perkins" title="Frances Perkins">Frances Perkins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1983</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belva_Ann_Lockwood" title="Belva Ann Lockwood">Belva Lockwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucretia_Mott" title="Lucretia Mott">Lucretia Mott</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1984</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones" title="Mother Jones">Mary "Mother" Harris Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Smith" title="Bessie Smith">Bessie Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1986</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">Barbara McClintock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Stone" title="Lucy Stone">Lucy Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Beecher_Stowe" title="Harriet Beecher Stowe">Harriet Beecher Stowe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1988</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gwendolyn_Brooks" title="Gwendolyn Brooks">Gwendolyn Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willa_Cather" title="Willa Cather">Willa Cather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Ride" title="Sally Ride">Sally Ride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Risteau" title="Mary Risteau">Mary Risteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_B._Wells" title="Ida B. Wells">Ida B. Wells-Barnett</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1990–1999" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1990–1999</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Bourke-White" title="Margaret Bourke-White">Margaret Bourke-White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jordan" title="Barbara Jordan">Barbara Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_Jean_King" title="Billie Jean King">Billie Jean King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_B._Seibert" title="Florence B. Seibert">Florence B. Seibert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_B._Elion" title="Gertrude B. Elion">Gertrude Belle Elion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1993</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Percy_Andrus" title="Ethel Percy Andrus">Ethel Percy Andrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoinette_Brown_Blackwell" title="Antoinette Brown Blackwell">Antoinette Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Blackwell" title="Emily Blackwell">Emily Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Chisholm" title="Shirley Chisholm">Shirley Chisholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Cochran" title="Jacqueline Cochran">Jacqueline Cochran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Johnson_Colvin" title="Ruth Johnson Colvin">Ruth Colvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Wright_Edelman" title="Marian Wright Edelman">Marian Wright Edelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Catherine_Evans" title="Alice Catherine Evans">Alice Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Friedan" title="Betty Friedan">Betty Friedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Grasso" title="Ella Grasso">Ella Grasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Griffiths" title="Martha Griffiths">Martha Wright Griffiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fannie_Lou_Hamer" title="Fannie Lou Hamer">Fannie Lou Hamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Height" title="Dorothy Height">Dorothy Height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolores_Huerta" title="Dolores Huerta">Dolores Huerta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Putnam_Jacobi" title="Mary Putnam Jacobi">Mary Putnam Jacobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mae_Jemison" title="Mae Jemison">Mae Jemison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Lyon" title="Mary Lyon">Mary Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Eliza_Mahoney" title="Mary Eliza Mahoney">Mary Mahoney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Mankiller" title="Wilma Mankiller">Wilma Mankiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_Baker_Motley" title="Constance Baker Motley">Constance Baker Motley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_O%27Keeffe" title="Georgia O'Keeffe">Georgia O'Keeffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Oakley" title="Annie Oakley">Annie Oakley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks" title="Rosa Parks">Rosa Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Peterson" title="Esther Peterson">Esther Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeannette_Rankin" title="Jeannette Rankin">Jeannette Rankin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Swallow_Richards" title="Ellen Swallow Richards">Ellen Swallow Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Roulet" title="Elaine Roulet">Elaine Roulet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Siva_Saubel" title="Katherine Siva Saubel">Katherine Siva Saubel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Steinem" title="Gloria Steinem">Gloria Steinem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Stephens" title="Helen Stephens">Helen Stephens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Wald" title="Lillian Wald">Lillian Wald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madam_C._J._Walker" title="Madam C. J. Walker">Madam C. J. Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faye_Wattleton" title="Faye Wattleton">Faye Wattleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Sussman_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Sussman Yalow">Rosalyn S. Yalow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Yerkovich" title="Gloria Yerkovich">Gloria Yerkovich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1994</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bella_Abzug" title="Bella Abzug">Bella Abzug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Baker" title="Ella Baker">Ella Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myra_Bradwell" title="Myra Bradwell">Myra Bradwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Jump_Cannon" title="Annie Jump Cannon">Annie Jump Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Cunningham_Croly" title="Jane Cunningham Croly">Jane Cunningham Croly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Shipe_East" title="Catherine Shipe East">Catherine East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Ferraro" title="Geraldine Ferraro">Geraldine Ferraro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Perkins_Gilman" title="Charlotte Perkins Gilman">Charlotte Perkins Gilman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Hopper" title="Grace Hopper">Grace Hopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_LaKelly_Hunt" title="Helen LaKelly Hunt">Helen LaKelly Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zora_Neale_Hurston" title="Zora Neale Hurston">Zora Neale Hurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Hutchinson" title="Anne Hutchinson">Anne Hutchinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Wisebart_Jacobs" title="Frances Wisebart Jacobs">Frances Wisebart Jacobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susette_La_Flesche" title="Susette La Flesche">Susette La Flesche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_McManus" title="Louise McManus">Louise McManus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Mitchell" title="Maria Mitchell">Maria Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonia_Novello" title="Antonia Novello">Antonia Novello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Richards" title="Linda Richards">Linda Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Rudolph" title="Wilma Rudolph">Wilma Rudolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Bone_Schiess" title="Betty Bone Schiess">Betty Bone Schiess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muriel_Siebert" title="Muriel Siebert">Muriel Siebert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nettie_Stevens" title="Nettie Stevens">Nettie Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Winnemucca" title="Sarah Winnemucca">Sarah Winnemucca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Wright" title="Frances Wright">Fanny Wright</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Apgar" title="Virginia Apgar">Virginia Apgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Bancroft" title="Ann Bancroft">Ann Bancroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Bloomer" title="Amelia Bloomer">Amelia Bloomer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Carson_Breckinridge" title="Mary Carson Breckinridge">Mary Breckinridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eileen_Collins" title="Eileen Collins">Eileen Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Dole" title="Elizabeth Dole">Elizabeth Hanford Dole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Dallas_Dudley" title="Anne Dallas Dudley">Anne Dallas Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Baker_Eddy" title="Mary Baker Eddy">Mary Baker Eddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Fitzgerald" title="Ella Fitzgerald">Ella Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Fuller" title="Margaret Fuller">Margaret Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_Joslyn_Gage" title="Matilda Joslyn Gage">Matilda Joslyn Gage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Moller_Gilbreth" title="Lillian Moller Gilbreth">Lillian Moller Gilbreth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nannerl_O._Keohane" title="Nannerl O. Keohane">Nannerl O. Keohane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Kuhn" title="Maggie Kuhn">Maggie Kuhn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor" title="Sandra Day O'Connor">Sandra Day O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_St._Pierre_Ruffin" title="Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin">Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Schroeder" title="Pat Schroeder">Pat Schroeder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_G._Solomon" title="Hannah G. Solomon">Hannah Greenebaum Solomon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1996</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louisa_May_Alcott" title="Louisa May Alcott">Louisa May Alcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Bunch" title="Charlotte Bunch">Charlotte Anne Bunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Xavier_Cabrini" title="Frances Xavier Cabrini">Frances Xavier Cabrini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Hallaren" title="Mary Hallaren">Mary A. Hallaren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oveta_Culp_Hobby" title="Oveta Culp Hobby">Oveta Culp Hobby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_Holladay" title="Wilhelmina Holladay">Wilhelmina Cole Holladay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Morrow_Lindbergh" title="Anne Morrow Lindbergh">Anne Morrow Lindbergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert_Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert Mayer">Maria Goeppert Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernestine_Rose" title="Ernestine Rose">Ernestine Louise Potowski Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Tallchief" title="Maria Tallchief">Maria Tallchief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Wharton" title="Edith Wharton">Edith Wharton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Albright" title="Madeleine Albright">Madeleine Albright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nellie_Bly" title="Nellie Bly">Nellie Bly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Moss_Bradley" title="Lydia Moss Bradley">Lydia Moss Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Calderone" title="Mary Calderone">Mary Steichen Calderone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ann_Shadd" title="Mary Ann Shadd">Mary Ann Shadd Cary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Ganz_Cooney" title="Joan Ganz Cooney">Joan Ganz Cooney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerty_Cori" title="Gerty Cori">Gerty Cori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Moore_Grimk%C3%A9" title="Sarah Moore Grimké">Sarah Grimké</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Ward_Howe" title="Julia Ward Howe">Julia Ward Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Ann_Jackson" title="Shirley Ann Jackson">Shirley Ann Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannon_Lucid" title="Shannon Lucid">Shannon Lucid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_McCormick" title="Katharine McCormick">Katharine Dexter McCormick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rozanne_L._Ridgway" title="Rozanne L. Ridgway">Rozanne L. Ridgway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Nourse_Rogers" title="Edith Nourse Rogers">Edith Nourse Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felice_Schwartz" title="Felice Schwartz">Felice Schwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunice_Kennedy_Shriver" title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver">Eunice Kennedy Shriver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Sills" title="Beverly Sills">Beverly Sills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Wald" title="Florence Wald">Florence Wald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelina_Grimk%C3%A9" title="Angelina Grimké">Angelina Grimké Weld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chien-Shiung_Wu" title="Chien-Shiung Wu">Chien-Shiung Wu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2000–2009" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2000–2009</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faye_Glenn_Abdellah" title="Faye Glenn Abdellah">Faye Glenn Abdellah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Smith_DeVoe" title="Emma Smith DeVoe">Emma Smith DeVoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjory_Stoneman_Douglas" title="Marjory Stoneman Douglas">Marjory Stoneman Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Dyer" title="Mary Dyer">Mary Dyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Earle" title="Sylvia Earle">Sylvia A. Earle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Eastman" title="Crystal Eastman">Crystal Eastman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_M._Holm" title="Jeanne M. Holm">Jeanne Holm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leontine_T._Kelly" title="Leontine T. Kelly">Leontine T. Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Oldham_Kelsey" title="Frances Oldham Kelsey">Frances Oldham Kelsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Mullany" title="Kate Mullany">Kate Mullany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Reno" title="Janet Reno">Janet Reno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Howard_Shaw" title="Anna Howard Shaw">Anna Howard Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Smith_(Smith_College)" title="Sophia Smith (Smith College)">Sophia Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Tarbell" title="Ida Tarbell">Ida Tarbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Vaught" title="Wilma Vaught">Wilma L. Vaught</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Edwards_Walker" title="Mary Edwards Walker">Mary Edwards Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Dodge_Wauneka" title="Annie Dodge Wauneka">Annie Dodge Wauneka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudora_Welty" title="Eudora Welty">Eudora Welty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Willard" title="Frances Willard">Frances E. Willard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Hansine_Andersen" title="Dorothy Hansine Andersen">Dorothy H. Andersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucille_Ball" title="Lucille Ball">Lucille Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalynn_Carter" title="Rosalynn Carter">Rosalynn Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Maria_Child" title="Lydia Maria Child">Lydia Maria Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Coleman" title="Bessie Coleman">Bessie Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Dorothy Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_de_Forest" title="Marian de Forest">Marian de Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Althea_Gibson" title="Althea Gibson">Althea Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Hicks" title="Beatrice Hicks">Beatrice A. Hicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Holdridge" title="Barbara Holdridge">Barbara Holdridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Williams_Russell_Strong" title="Harriet Williams Russell Strong">Harriet Williams Russell Strong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Howell_Warner" title="Emily Howell Warner">Emily Howell Warner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Woodhull" title="Victoria Woodhull">Victoria Woodhull</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2002</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paulina_Kellogg_Wright_Davis" class="mw-redirect" title="Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis">Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg" title="Ruth Bader Ginsburg">Ruth Bader Ginsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Graham" title="Katharine Graham">Katharine Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertha_Holt" title="Bertha Holt">Bertha Holt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Engle_Pennington" title="Mary Engle Pennington">Mary Engle Pennington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercy_Otis_Warren" title="Mercy Otis Warren">Mercy Otis Warren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linda_G._Alvarado" title="Linda G. Alvarado">Linda G. Alvarado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_de_Varona" title="Donna de Varona">Donna de Varona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Ederle" title="Gertrude Ederle">Gertrude Ederle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Matilda_Harper" title="Martha Matilda Harper">Martha Matilda Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Roberts_Harris" title="Patricia Roberts Harris">Patricia Roberts Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Kwolek" title="Stephanie Kwolek">Stephanie L. Kwolek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Lange" title="Dorothea Lange">Dorothea Lange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Robbins_Leet" title="Mildred Robbins Leet">Mildred Robbins Leet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patsy_Mink" title="Patsy Mink">Patsy Takemoto Mink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacagawea" title="Sacagawea">Sacagawea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Sullivan" title="Anne Sullivan">Anne Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Widnall" title="Sheila Widnall">Sheila E. Widnall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florence_E._Allen" title="Florence E. Allen">Florence E. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Benedict" title="Ruth Benedict">Ruth Fulton Benedict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Bumpers" title="Betty Bumpers">Betty Bumpers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_R._Colwell" title="Rita R. Colwell">Rita Rossi Colwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Cope" title="Marianne Cope">Mother Marianne Cope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Lin" title="Maya Lin">Maya Y. Lin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Locke" title="Patricia Locke">Patricia A. Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanche_Scott" class="mw-redirect" title="Blanche Scott">Blanche Stuart Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Burnett_Talbert" title="Mary Burnett Talbert">Mary Burnett Talbert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_K._Baum" title="Eleanor K. Baum">Eleanor K. Baum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Child" title="Julia Child">Julia Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Coffin_Wright" title="Martha Coffin Wright">Martha Coffin Pelham Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swanee_Hunt" title="Swanee Hunt">Swanee Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winona_LaDuke" title="Winona LaDuke">Winona LaDuke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_K%C3%BCbler-Ross" title="Elisabeth Kübler-Ross">Elisabeth Kübler-Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Pipher" title="Judith Pipher">Judith L. Pipher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Filene_Shouse" title="Catherine Filene Shouse">Catherine Filene Shouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Szold" title="Henrietta Szold">Henrietta Szold</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Bourgeois" title="Louise Bourgeois">Louise Bourgeois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Cohn" title="Mildred Cohn">Mildred Cohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_DeCrow" title="Karen DeCrow">Karen DeCrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Kelly-Dreiss" title="Susan Kelly-Dreiss">Susan Kelly-Dreiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allie_B._Latimer" title="Allie B. Latimer">Allie B. Latimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Lazarus" title="Emma Lazarus">Emma Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Patrick" title="Ruth Patrick">Ruth Patrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Talbot_Perkins" title="Rebecca Talbot Perkins">Rebecca Talbot Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Solomon" title="Susan Solomon">Susan Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Stoneman" title="Kate Stoneman">Kate Stoneman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2010–2019" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2010–2019</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Drexel" title="Katharine Drexel">St. Katharine Drexel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Harrison_Eustis" title="Dorothy Harrison Eustis">Dorothy Harrison Eustis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Ford" title="Loretta Ford">Loretta C. Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abby_Kelley_Foster" title="Abby Kelley Foster">Abby Kelley Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Murray_Free" title="Helen Murray Free">Helen Murray Free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday">Billie Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King" title="Coretta Scott King">Coretta Scott King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilly_Ledbetter" title="Lilly Ledbetter">Lilly Ledbetter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Mikulski" title="Barbara Mikulski">Barbara A. Mikulski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Shalala" title="Donna Shalala">Donna E. Shalala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathrine_Switzer" title="Kathrine Switzer">Kathrine Switzer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Ford" title="Betty Ford">Betty Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ina_May_Gaskin" title="Ina May Gaskin">Ina May Gaskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Krone" title="Julie Krone">Julie Krone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Millett" title="Kate Millett">Kate Millett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Joseph_Rogers" title="Mary Joseph Rogers">Mary Joseph Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernice_Sandler" title="Bernice Sandler">Bernice Sandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Schwartz" title="Anna Schwartz">Anna Schwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Willard" title="Emma Willard">Emma Willard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tenley_Albright" title="Tenley Albright">Tenley Albright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Brinker" title="Nancy Brinker">Nancy Brinker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Graham" title="Martha Graham">Martha Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcia_Greenberger" title="Marcia Greenberger">Marcia Greenberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Iglewski" title="Barbara Iglewski">Barbara Iglewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Kilbourne" title="Jean Kilbourne">Jean Kilbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlotta_Walls_LaNier" title="Carlotta Walls LaNier">Carlotta Walls LaNier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippa_Marrack" title="Philippa Marrack">Philippa Marrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Harriman_Rumsey" title="Mary Harriman Rumsey">Mary Harriman Rumsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Smeal" title="Eleanor Smeal">Eleanor Smeal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_Cuomo" title="Matilda Cuomo">Matilda Cuomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Grandin" title="Temple Grandin">Temple Grandin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine_Hansberry" title="Lorraine Hansberry">Lorraine Hansberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Jackson_(entrepreneur)" title="Victoria Jackson (entrepreneur)">Victoria Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherry_Lansing" title="Sherry Lansing">Sherry Lansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_Boothe_Luce" title="Clare Boothe Luce">Clare Boothe Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aimee_Mullins" title="Aimee Mullins">Aimee Mullins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Mutter" title="Carol Mutter">Carol Mutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Rowley" title="Janet Rowley">Janet Rowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Waters" title="Alice Waters">Alice Waters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Allred" title="Gloria Allred">Gloria Allred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis">Angela Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Deer" title="Sarah Deer">Sarah Deer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Fonda" title="Jane Fonda">Jane Fonda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Malachowski" title="Nicole Malachowski">Nicole Malachowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_O%27Neill" title="Rose O'Neill">Rose O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Slaughter" title="Louise Slaughter">Louise Slaughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor" title="Sonia Sotomayor">Sonia Sotomayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurie_Spiegel" title="Laurie Spiegel">Laurie Spiegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flossie_Wong-Staal" title="Flossie Wong-Staal">Flossie Wong-Staal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2020–2029" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2020–2029</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Hillary_(adventurer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbara Hillary (adventurer)">Barbara Hillary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Rose_Johns" title="Barbara Rose Johns">Barbara Rose Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Lacks" title="Henrietta Lacks">Henrietta Lacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Church_Terrell" title="Mary Church Terrell">Mary Church Terrell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Octavia_E._Butler" title="Octavia E. Butler">Octavia E. Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Chicago" title="Judy Chicago">Judy Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_S._Halstead" title="Rebecca S. Halstead">Rebecca S. Halstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mia_Hamm" title="Mia Hamm">Mia Hamm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy_Harjo" title="Joy Harjo">Joy Harjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Howland" title="Emily Howland">Emily Howland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson">Katherine Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indra_Nooyi" title="Indra Nooyi">Indra Nooyi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michelle Obama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2024</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Bath" title="Patricia Bath">Patricia Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Bridges" title="Ruby Bridges">Ruby Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elouise_P._Cobell" title="Elouise P. Cobell">Elouise P. Cobell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimberl%C3%A9_Crenshaw" title="Kimberlé Crenshaw">Kimberlé Crenshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_McIntosh" title="Peggy McIntosh">Peggy McIntosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Plaskow" title="Judith Plaskow">Judith Plaskow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Ross" title="Loretta Ross">Loretta Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Stone_(artist)" title="Sandy Stone (artist)">Sandy Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Wessels_Williams" title="Anna Wessels Williams">Anna Wessels Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serena_Williams" title="Serena Williams">Serena Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Grammy_Award_for_Best_Audio_Book,_Narration_&amp;_Storytelling_Recording" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cedff2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Spoken_Word_Album" title="Template:Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Spoken_Word_Album" title="Template talk:Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Spoken_Word_Album" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Grammy_Award_for_Best_Audio_Book,_Narration_&amp;_Storytelling_Recording" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Audio_Book,_Narration_%26_Storytelling_Recording" title="Grammy Award for Best Audio Book, Narration & Storytelling Recording">Grammy Award for Best Audio Book, Narration & Storytelling Recording</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>The Best of the Stan Freberg Shows – <a href="/wiki/Stan_Freberg" title="Stan Freberg">Stan Freberg</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Portrait" title="Lincoln Portrait">Lincoln Portrait</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carl_Sandburg" title="Carl Sandburg">Carl Sandburg</a> (1959)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>FDR Speaks – Robert Bialek (producer) (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein_Discusses_Humor_in_Music_and_Conducts_Till_Eulenspiegel%27s_Merry_Pranks" title="Leonard Bernstein Discusses Humor in Music and Conducts Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks">Humor in Music</a> – <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a> (1961)</li> <li>The Story-Teller: A Session with Charles Laughton – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Laughton" title="Charles Laughton">Charles Laughton</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Who%27s_Afraid_of_Virginia_Woolf%3F" title="Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?">Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edward_Albee" title="Edward Albee">Edward Albee</a> (playwright) (1963)</li> <li>BBC Tribute to John F. Kennedy – <a href="/wiki/That_Was_the_Week_That_Was" title="That Was the Week That Was">That Was the Week That Was</a> (1964)</li> <li>John F. Kennedy: As We Remember Him – <a href="/wiki/Goddard_Lieberson" title="Goddard Lieberson">Goddard Lieberson</a> (producer) (1965)</li> <li>Edward R. Murrow - A Reporter Remembers, Vol. I: The War Years – <a href="/wiki/Edward_R._Murrow" title="Edward R. Murrow">Edward R. Murrow</a> (1966)</li> <li>Gallant Men – <a href="/wiki/Everett_Dirksen" title="Everett Dirksen">Everett Dirksen</a> (1967)</li> <li>Lonesome Cities – <a href="/wiki/Rod_McKuen" title="Rod McKuen">Rod McKuen</a> (1968)</li> <li>We Love You Call Collect – <a href="/wiki/Art_Linkletter" title="Art Linkletter">Art Linkletter</a> & <a href="/wiki/Diane_Linkletter" title="Diane Linkletter">Diane Linkletter</a> (1969)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Why I Oppose the War in Vietnam – <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desiderata_(Les_Crane_album)" title="Desiderata (Les Crane album)">Desiderata</a> – <a href="/wiki/Les_Crane" title="Les Crane">Les Crane</a> (1971)</li> <li>Lenny – <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Botnick" title="Bruce Botnick">Bruce Botnick</a> (producer) & the Original Broadway Cast (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Livingston_Seagull" title="Jonathan Livingston Seagull">Jonathan Livingston Seagull</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Harris" title="Richard Harris">Richard Harris</a> (1973)</li> <li>Good Evening – <a href="/wiki/Peter_Cook" title="Peter Cook">Peter Cook</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dudley_Moore" title="Dudley Moore">Dudley Moore</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Give_%27em_Hell,_Harry!" title="Give 'em Hell, Harry!">Give 'em Hell, Harry!</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Whitmore" title="James Whitmore">James Whitmore</a> (1975)</li> <li>Great American Documents – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Fonda" title="Henry Fonda">Henry Fonda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helen_Hayes" title="Helen Hayes">Helen Hayes</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones" title="James Earl Jones">James Earl Jones</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Belle_of_Amherst" title="The Belle of Amherst">The Belle of Amherst</a> – <a href="/wiki/Julie_Harris" title="Julie Harris">Julie Harris</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizen_Kane" title="Citizen Kane">Citizen Kane (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a> (1978)</li> <li>Ages of Man: Readings from Shakespeare – <a href="/wiki/John_Gielgud" title="John Gielgud">John Gielgud</a> (1979)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Stein" title="Gertrude Stein">Gertrude Stein, Gertrude Stein, Gertrude Stein</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pat_Carroll" title="Pat Carroll">Pat Carroll</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donovan%27s_Brain" title="Donovan's Brain">Donovan's Brain</a> – <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raiders_of_the_Lost_Ark" title="Raiders of the Lost Ark">Raiders of the Lost Ark: The Movie on Record</a> – Tom Voegeli (producer) and Various Artists (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Portrait" title="Lincoln Portrait">Lincoln Portrait</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Warfield" title="William Warfield">William Warfield</a> (1983)</li> <li>The Words of Gandhi – <a href="/wiki/Ben_Kingsley" title="Ben Kingsley">Ben Kingsley</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Rainey%27s_Black_Bottom" title="Ma Rainey's Black Bottom">Ma Rainey's Black Bottom</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mike_Berniker" title="Mike Berniker">Mike Berniker</a> (producer) & the Original Broadway Cast (1985)</li> <li>Interviews from the Class of '55 Recording Sessions – <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash">Johnny Cash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Lee_Lewis" title="Jerry Lee Lewis">Jerry Lee Lewis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chips_Moman" title="Chips Moman">Chips Moman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ricky_Nelson" title="Ricky Nelson">Ricky Nelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roy_Orbison" title="Roy Orbison">Roy Orbison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Perkins" title="Carl Perkins">Carl Perkins</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sam_Phillips" title="Sam Phillips">Sam Phillips</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Wobegon_Days" title="Lake Wobegon Days">Lake Wobegon Days</a> – <a href="/wiki/Garrison_Keillor" title="Garrison Keillor">Garrison Keillor</a> (1987)</li> <li>Speech by Rev. Jesse Jackson – <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jesse Jackson</a> (1988)</li> <li>It's Always Something – <a href="/wiki/Gilda_Radner" title="Gilda Radner">Gilda Radner</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gracie:_A_Love_Story" title="Gracie: A Love Story">Gracie: A Love Story</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Burns" title="George Burns">George Burns</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Civil_War_(miniseries)" title="The Civil War (miniseries)">The Civil War</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ken_Burns" title="Ken Burns">Ken Burns</a> (1991)</li> <li>What You Can Do to Avoid AIDS – <a href="/wiki/Magic_Johnson" title="Magic Johnson">Earvin "Magic" Johnson</a> and Robert O'Keefe (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Pulse_of_Morning" title="On the Pulse of Morning">On the Pulse of Morning</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Get_in_the_Van" title="Get in the Van">Get in the Van</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Rollins" title="Henry Rollins">Henry Rollins</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenomenal_Woman:_Four_Poems_Celebrating_Women" title="Phenomenal Woman: Four Poems Celebrating Women">Phenomenal Woman</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/It_Takes_a_Village" title="It Takes a Village">It Takes a Village</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> (1996)</li> <li>Charles Kuralt's Spring – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Kuralt" title="Charles Kuralt">Charles Kuralt</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Still_Me" title="Still Me">Still Me</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Reeve" title="Christopher Reeve">Christopher Reeve</a> (1998)</li> <li>The Autobiography of Martin Luther King Jr. – <a href="/wiki/LeVar_Burton" title="LeVar Burton">LeVar Burton</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Measure_of_a_Man:_A_Spiritual_Autobiography" title="The Measure of a Man: A Spiritual Autobiography">The Measure of a Man: A Spiritual Autobiography</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Poitier" title="Sidney Poitier">Sidney Poitier</a>, Rick Harris, and John Runnette (producers) (2000)</li> <li>Q: The Autobiography of Quincy Jones – <a href="/wiki/Quincy_Jones" title="Quincy Jones">Quincy Jones</a>, Jeffrey S. Thomas, Steven Strassman (engineers), and Elisa Shokoff (producer) (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Song_Flung_Up_to_Heaven" title="A Song Flung Up to Heaven">A Song Flung Up to Heaven</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a> and Charles B. Potter (producer) (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lies_and_the_Lying_Liars_Who_Tell_Them" title="Lies and the Lying Liars Who Tell Them">Lies and the Lying Liars Who Tell Them</a> – <a href="/wiki/Al_Franken" title="Al Franken">Al Franken</a> and Paul Ruben (producer) (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Life_(Clinton_autobiography)" title="My Life (Clinton autobiography)">My Life</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreams_from_My_Father" title="Dreams from My Father">Dreams from My Father</a> – <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Endangered_Values" title="Our Endangered Values">Our Endangered Values: America's Moral Crisis</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> / With Ossie and Ruby – <a href="/wiki/Ossie_Davis" title="Ossie Davis">Ossie Davis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ruby_Dee" title="Ruby Dee">Ruby Dee</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Audacity_of_Hope" title="The Audacity of Hope">The Audacity of Hope</a> – <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> and Jacob Bronstein (producer) (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Inconvenient_Truth_(book)" title="An Inconvenient Truth (book)">An Inconvenient Truth</a> by <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> – <a href="/wiki/Beau_Bridges" title="Beau Bridges">Beau Bridges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Nixon" title="Cynthia Nixon">Cynthia Nixon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Blair_Underwood" title="Blair Underwood">Blair Underwood</a> (2008)</li> <li>Always Looking Up – <a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Fox" title="Michael J. Fox">Michael J. Fox</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earth_(The_Book)" title="Earth (The Book)">The Daily Show with Jon Stewart Presents Earth (The Audiobook)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jon_Stewart" title="Jon Stewart">Jon Stewart</a> (2010)</li> <li>If You Ask Me (And of Course You Won't) – <a href="/wiki/Betty_White" title="Betty White">Betty White</a> (2011)</li> <li>Society's Child – <a href="/wiki/Janis_Ian" title="Janis Ian">Janis Ian</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_Again" title="America Again">America Again: Re-becoming the Greatness We Never Weren't</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Colbert" title="Stephen Colbert">Stephen Colbert</a> (2013)</li> <li>Diary of a Mad Diva – <a href="/wiki/Joan_Rivers" title="Joan Rivers">Joan Rivers</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Full_Life:_Reflections_at_90" class="mw-redirect" title="A Full Life: Reflections at 90">A Full Life: Reflections at 90</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> (2015)</li> <li>In Such Good Company: Eleven Years of Laughter, Mayhem, and Fun in the Sandbox – <a href="/wiki/Carol_Burnett" title="Carol Burnett">Carol Burnett</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Princess_Diarist" title="The Princess Diarist">The Princess Diarist</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carrie_Fisher" title="Carrie Fisher">Carrie Fisher</a> (2017)</li> <li>Faith: A Journey for All – <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Becoming_(book)" title="Becoming (book)">Becoming</a> – <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michelle Obama</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blowout_(book)" title="Blowout (book)">Blowout: Corrupted Democracy, Rogue State Russia, and the Richest, Most Destructive Industry on Earth</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Maddow" title="Rachel Maddow">Rachel Maddow</a> (2020)</li> <li>Carry On: Reflections for a New Generation from John Lewis − <a href="/wiki/Don_Cheadle" title="Don Cheadle">Don Cheadle</a> (2021)</li> <li>Finding Me – <a href="/wiki/Viola_Davis" title="Viola Davis">Viola Davis</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Light_We_Carry" title="The Light We Carry">The Light We Carry: Overcoming in Uncertain Times</a> – <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michelle Obama</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="100_Women_by_BBC_in_2023" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:100_Women_by_BBC_in_2023" title="Template:100 Women by BBC in 2023"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:100_Women_by_BBC_in_2023&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:100 Women by BBC in 2023 (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:100_Women_by_BBC_in_2023" title="Special:EditPage/Template:100 Women by BBC in 2023"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="100_Women_by_BBC_in_2023" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/100_Women_(BBC)" title="100 Women (BBC)">100 Women</a> by BBC in 2023</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics and advocacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist hlist-items-nowrap" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maryam_al-Khawaja" title="Maryam al-Khawaja">Maryam al-Khawaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamsa_Araweelo" title="Shamsa Araweelo">Shamsa Araweelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasmina_Benslimane" title="Yasmina Benslimane">Yasmina Benslimane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yael_Braudo-Bahat" title="Yael Braudo-Bahat">Yael Braudo-Bahat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alicia_Cawiya" title="Alicia Cawiya">Alicia Cawiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amal_Clooney" title="Amal Clooney">Amal Clooney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehenna_Davison" title="Dehenna Davison">Dehenna Davison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christiana_Figueres" title="Christiana Figueres">Christiana Figueres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bella_Galhos" title="Bella Galhos">Bella Galhos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rina_Gonoi" title="Rina Gonoi">Rina Gonoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B4nia_Guajajara" title="Sônia Guajajara">Sônia Guajajara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renita_Holmes" title="Renita Holmes">Renita Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nata%C5%A1a_Kandi%C4%87" title="Nataša Kandić">Nataša Kandić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rukshana_Kapali" title="Rukshana Kapali">Rukshana Kapali</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sofia_Kosachyova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sofia Kosachyova (page does not exist)">Sofia Kosachyova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monica_McWilliams" title="Monica McWilliams">Monica McWilliams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najla_Mohamed-Lamin" title="Najla Mohamed-Lamin">Najla Mohamed-Lamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulanda_Mtamba" title="Ulanda Mtamba">Ulanda Mtamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamar_Museridze" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamar Museridze">Tamar Museridze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neema_Namadamu" title="Neema Namadamu">Neema Namadamu</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michelle Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sepideh_Rashnu" title="Sepideh Rashnu">Sepideh Rashnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Smith" title="Bernadette Smith">Bernadette Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iryna_Stavchuk" title="Iryna Stavchuk">Iryna Stavchuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Steinem" title="Gloria Steinem">Gloria Steinem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summia_Tora" title="Summia Tora">Summia Tora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Zaozao" title="Xu Zaozao">Xu Zaozao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Entertainment and sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist hlist-items-nowrap" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aitana_Bonmat%C3%AD" title="Aitana Bonmatí">Aitana Bonmatí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antinisca_Cenci" title="Antinisca Cenci">Antinisca Cenci</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreza_Delgado&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andreza Delgado (page does not exist)">Andreza Delgado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desak_Made_Rita_Kusuma_Dewi" title="Desak Made Rita Kusuma Dewi">Desak Made Rita Kusuma Dewi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_Ferrera" title="America Ferrera">America Ferrera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Grall" title="Anne Grall">Anne Grall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Harrison" title="Georgia Harrison">Georgia Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmanpreet_Kaur" title="Harmanpreet Kaur">Harmanpreet Kaur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dayeon_Lee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dayeon Lee (page does not exist)">Dayeon Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justina_Miles" title="Justina Miles">Justina Miles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dia_Mirza" title="Dia Mirza">Dia Mirza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zandile_Ndhlovu" title="Zandile Ndhlovu">Zandile Ndhlovu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Oseman" title="Alice Oseman">Alice Oseman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paramida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paramida (page does not exist)">Paramida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ana_Camila_Pirelli" title="Ana Camila Pirelli">Camila Pirelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aziza_Sbaity" title="Aziza Sbaity">Aziza Sbaity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khine_Hnin_Wai" title="Khine Hnin Wai">Khine Hnin Wai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bianca_Williams" title="Bianca Williams">Bianca Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture and education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist hlist-items-nowrap" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afroze-Numa" title="Afroze-Numa">Afroze-Numa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosai_Ahmadzai" title="Hosai Ahmadzai">Hosai Ahmadzai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esi_Buobasa" title="Esi Buobasa">Esi Buobasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chila_Kumari_Burman" title="Chila Kumari Burman">Chila Kumari Burman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulina_Chiziane" title="Paulina Chiziane">Paulina Chiziane</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Susanne_Etti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susanne Etti (page does not exist)">Susanne Etti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Licia_Fertz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Licia Fertz (page does not exist)">Licia Fertz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jannatul_Ferdus" title="Jannatul Ferdus">Jannatul Ferdus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Idrisova" title="Natalia Idrisova">Natalia Idrisova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varaidzo_Kativhu" title="Varaidzo Kativhu">Vee Kativhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huda_Kattan" title="Huda Kattan">Huda Kattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Kianni" title="Sophia Kianni">Sophia Kianni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arati_Kumar-Rao" title="Arati Kumar-Rao">Arati Kumar-Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Mabulo" title="Louise Mabulo">Louise Mabulo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marijeta_Mojasevic" class="mw-redirect" title="Marijeta Mojasevic">Marijeta Mojasevic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarah_Ott&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarah Ott (page does not exist)">Sarah Ott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenzin_Palmo" title="Tenzin Palmo">Tenzin Palmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lala_Pasquinelli" title="Lala Pasquinelli">Lala Pasquinelli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jess_Pepper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jess Pepper (page does not exist)">Jess Pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matcha_Phorn-in" title="Matcha Phorn-in">Matcha Phorn-in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolina_D%C3%ADaz_Pimentel" title="Carolina Díaz Pimentel">Carolina Díaz Pimentel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shairbu_Sagynbaeva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shairbu Sagynbaeva (page does not exist)">Shairbu Sagynbaeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daria_Serenko" title="Daria Serenko">Daria Serenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kera_Sherwood-O%27Regan" title="Kera Sherwood-O'Regan">Kera Sherwood-O'Regan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagarika_Sriram" title="Sagarika Sriram">Sagarika Sriram</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clara_Elizabeth_Fragoso_Ugarte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clara Elizabeth Fragoso Ugarte (page does not exist)">Clara Elizabeth Fragoso Ugarte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oksana_Zabuzhko" title="Oksana Zabuzhko">Oksana Zabuzhko</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Science, health and technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist hlist-items-nowrap" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basima_Abdulrahman" title="Basima Abdulrahman">Basima Abdulrahman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bayang_(advocate)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bayang (advocate) (page does not exist)">Bayang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amina_Al-Bish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amina Al-Bish (page does not exist)">Amina Al-Bish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumaitha_Al_Busaidi" title="Rumaitha Al Busaidi">Rumaitha Al Busaidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Al-Saqqa" title="Sara Al-Saqqa">Sara Al-Saqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Chomba" title="Susan Chomba">Susan Chomba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leanne_Cullen-Unsworth" title="Leanne Cullen-Unsworth">Leanne Cullen-Unsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canan_Dagdeviren" class="mw-redirect" title="Canan Dagdeviren">Canan Dagdeviren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izabela_D%C5%82u%C5%BCyk" title="Izabela Dłużyk">Izabela Dłużyk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcela_Fern%C3%A1ndez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcela Fernández (page does not exist)">Marcela Fernández</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anamar%C3%ADa_Font" title="Anamaría Font">Anamaría Font</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tr%E1%BA%A7n_G%E1%BA%A5m&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trần Gấm (page does not exist)">Trần Gấm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timnit_Gebru" title="Timnit Gebru">Timnit Gebru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Goldin" title="Claudia Goldin">Claudia Goldin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anna_Huttunen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anna Huttunen (page does not exist)">Anna Huttunen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladys_Kalema-Zikusoka" title="Gladys Kalema-Zikusoka">Gladys Kalema-Zikusoka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonia_Kastner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sonia Kastner (page does not exist)">Sonia Kastner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrid_Linder" title="Astrid Linder">Astrid Linder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neha_Mankani" title="Neha Mankani">Neha Mankani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanjira_Mathai" title="Wanjira Mathai">Wanjira Mathai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isabel_Far%C3%ADas_Meyer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isabel Farías Meyer (page does not exist)">Isabel Farías Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalie_Psaila" title="Natalie Psaila">Natalie Psaila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olena_Rozvadovska" title="Olena Rozvadovska">Olena Rozvadovska</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sumini (page does not exist)">Sumini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabiola_Trejo" title="Fabiola Trejo">Fabiola Trejo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Uchendu" title="Jennifer Uchendu">Jennifer Uchendu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiyun_Woo" title="Qiyun Woo">Qiyun Woo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elham_Youssefian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elham Youssefian (page does not exist)">Elham Youssefian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Template:100_Women_by_BBC_in_2022" title="Template:100 Women by BBC in 2022">2022</a> ← → <a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:100_Women_by_BBC_in_2024&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:100 Women by BBC in 2024 (page does not exist)">2024</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="African_Americans" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #d1eaeb;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:African_American_topics" title="Template:African American topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:African_American_topics" title="Template talk:African American topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:African_American_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:African American topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="African_Americans" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African Americans</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African-American_history" title="African-American history">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_African-American_history" title="Timeline of African-American history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">Abolitionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_American_founding_fathers_of_the_United_States" title="African American founding fathers of the United States">African American founding fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrocentrism" title="Afrocentrism">Afrocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Codes_(United_States)" title="Black Codes (United States)">Black Codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_cowboys" title="Black cowboys">Black cowboys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="Black genocide">Black genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education" title="Brown v. Board of Education">Brown v. Board of Education</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children_of_the_plantation" title="Children of the plantation">Children of the plantation</a></li> <li>Civil Rights Acts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965" title="Voting Rights Act of 1965">Voting Rights Act of 1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1968" title="Civil Rights Act of 1968">1968</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_(1865%E2%80%931896)" title="Civil rights movement (1865–1896)">Civil rights movement 1865–1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_(1896%E2%80%931954)" title="Civil rights movement (1896–1954)">Civil right movement 1896–1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">Civil rights movement 1954–1968</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_bus_boycott" title="Montgomery bus boycott">Montgomery bus boycott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browder_v._Gayle" title="Browder v. Gayle">Browder v. Gayle</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sit-in_movement" title="Sit-in movement">Sit-in movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Riders" title="Freedom Riders">Freedom Riders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_campaign" title="Birmingham campaign">Birmingham movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_on_Washington_for_Jobs_and_Freedom" title="March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom">March on Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Summer" title="Freedom Summer">Freedom Summer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selma_to_Montgomery_marches" title="Selma to Montgomery marches">Selma to Montgomery marches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Freedom_Movement" title="Chicago Freedom Movement">Chicago Freedom Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post%E2%80%93civil_rights_era_in_African-American_history" title="Post–civil rights era in African-American history">Post–civil rights era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornerstone_Speech" title="Cornerstone Speech">Cornerstone Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_African_communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on African communities">COVID-19 impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dred_Scott_v._Sandford" title="Dred Scott v. Sandford">Dred Scott v. Sandford</a> (1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Negro" title="Free Negro">Free Negro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_people_of_color" title="Free people of color">Free people of color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">George Floyd protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Migration_(African_American)" title="Great Migration (African American)">Great Migration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Great_Migration_(African_American)" title="Second Great Migration (African American)">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Great_Migration" title="New Great Migration">New</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exodusters" title="Exodusters">Exodusters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="First inauguration of Barack Obama">Inauguration of Barack Obama 2009</a> / <a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="Second inauguration of Barack Obama">Inauguration of Barack Obama 2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_in_the_United_States" title="Lynching in the United States">Lynching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_African_Americans" title="Military history of African Americans">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Million_Man_March" title="Million Man March">Million Man March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadir_of_American_race_relations" title="Nadir of American race relations">Nadir of American race relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Negro_Motorist_Green_Book" title="The Negro Motorist Green Book">The Negro Motorist Green Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partus_sequitur_ventrem" title="Partus sequitur ventrem">Partus sequitur ventrem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantation_complexes_in_the_Southern_United_States" title="Plantation complexes in the Southern United States">Plantations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plessy_v._Ferguson" title="Plessy v. Ferguson">Plessy v. Ferguson</a> (1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Amendments" title="Reconstruction Amendments">Reconstruction Amendments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redlining" title="Redlining">Redlining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separate_but_equal" title="Separate but equal">Separate but equal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_Parade" title="Silent Parade">Silent Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">Slavery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treatment_of_slaves_in_the_United_States" title="Treatment of slaves in the United States">Treatment of slaves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsa_race_massacre" title="Tulsa race massacre">Tulsa race massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_Railroad" title="Underground Railroad">Underground Railroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_women%27s_suffrage_movement" title="African-American women's suffrage movement">Women's suffrage movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African-American_culture" title="African-American culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrofuturism" title="Afrofuturism">Afrofuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_art" title="African-American art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_mecca" title="Black mecca">Black mecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-owned_business" title="Black-owned business">Businesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_dance" title="African-American dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_family_structure" title="African-American family structure">Family structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_film" title="Black film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_folktales" title="African-American folktales">Folktales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_hair" title="African-American hair">Hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlem_Renaissance" title="Harlem Renaissance">Harlem Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Negro" title="New Negro">New Negro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoodoo_(spirituality)" title="Hoodoo (spirituality)">Hoodoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juneteenth" title="Juneteenth">Juneteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwanzaa" title="Kwanzaa">Kwanzaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_LGBT_community" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American LGBT community">LGBT community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_literature" title="African-American literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_music" title="African-American music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_musical_theater" title="African-American musical theater">Musical theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_names" title="African-American names">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lift_Every_Voice_and_Sing" title="Lift Every Voice and Sing">Negro National Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_neighborhood" title="African-American neighborhood">Neighborhoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_American_newspapers" title="African American newspapers">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul_food" title="Soul food">Soul food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereotypes_of_African_Americans" title="Stereotypes of African Americans">Stereotypes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_middle_class" title="African-American middle class">Middle class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_upper_class" title="African-American upper class">Upper class</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Notable people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Abernathy" title="Ralph Abernathy">Ralph Abernathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crispus_Attucks" title="Crispus Attucks">Crispus Attucks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Baldwin" title="James Baldwin">James Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bevel" title="James Bevel">James Bevel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Bond" title="Julian Bond">Julian Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Boynton_Robinson" title="Amelia Boynton Robinson">Amelia Boynton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bradley_(former_slave)" title="James Bradley (former slave)">James Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Moseley_Braun" title="Carol Moseley Braun">Carol Moseley Braun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Brooke" title="Edward Brooke">Edward Brooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanche_Bruce" title="Blanche Bruce">Blanche Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bunche" title="Ralph Bunche">Ralph Bunche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Carver" title="George Washington Carver">George Washington Carver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Chisholm" title="Shirley Chisholm">Shirley Chisholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudette_Colvin" title="Claudette Colvin">Claudette Colvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass" title="Frederick Douglass">Frederick Douglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">W. E. B. Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medgar_Evers" title="Medgar Evers">Medgar Evers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Farmer" title="James Farmer">James Farmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Highland_Garnet" title="Henry Highland Garnet">Henry Highland Garnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Garvey" title="Marcus Garvey">Marcus Garvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Gray_(attorney)" title="Fred Gray (attorney)">Fred Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fannie_Lou_Hamer" title="Fannie Lou Hamer">Fannie Lou Hamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimi_Hendrix" title="Jimi Hendrix">Jimi Hendrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jesse Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketanji_Brown_Jackson" title="Ketanji Brown Jackson">Ketanji Brown Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Jacobs" title="Harriet Jacobs">Harriet Jacobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jordan" title="Barbara Jordan">Barbara Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King" title="Coretta Scott King">Coretta Scott King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lafayette" title="Bernard Lafayette">Bernard Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lawson_(activist)" title="James Lawson (activist)">James Lawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_Belly" title="Lead Belly">Huddie Ledbetter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lewis" title="John Lewis">John Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lowery" title="Joseph Lowery">Joseph Lowery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_X" title="Malcolm X">Malcolm X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall" title="Thurgood Marshall">Thurgood Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Moses_(activist)" title="Bob Moses (activist)">Bob Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Nash" title="Diane Nash">Diane Nash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michelle Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks" title="Rosa Parks">Rosa Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Clayton_Powell_Jr." title="Adam Clayton Powell Jr.">Adam Clayton Powell Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell">Colin Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Prosser" class="mw-redirect" title="Gabriel Prosser">Gabriel Prosser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Rainey" title="Joseph Rainey">Joseph Rainey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Philip_Randolph" title="A. Philip Randolph">A. Philip Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiram_R._Revels" title="Hiram R. Revels">Hiram Revels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Robeson" title="Paul Robeson">Paul Robeson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Sharpton" title="Al Sharpton">Al Sharpton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Shuttlesworth" title="Fred Shuttlesworth">Fred Shuttlesworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas" title="Clarence Thomas">Clarence Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmett_Till" title="Emmett Till">Emmett Till</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_Truth" title="Sojourner Truth">Sojourner Truth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Tubman" title="Harriet Tubman">Harriet Tubman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nat_Turner%27s_slave_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Nat Turner's slave rebellion">Nat Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark_Vesey" title="Denmark Vesey">Denmark Vesey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._T._Vivian" title="C. T. Vivian">C. T. Vivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Walker_(abolitionist)" title="David Walker (abolitionist)">David Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booker_T._Washington" title="Booker T. Washington">Booker T. Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_B._Wells" title="Ida B. Wells">Ida B. Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Wilkins" title="Roy Wilkins">Roy Wilkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Young" title="Andrew Young">Andrew Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitney_Young" title="Whitney Young">Whitney Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Education, science and technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_studies" title="Black studies">Black studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Black school">Black schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historically_black_colleges_and_universities" title="Historically black colleges and universities">Historically black colleges and universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_inventors_and_scientists" title="List of African-American inventors and scientists">Inventors and scientists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_focused_on_African_Americans" title="List of museums focused on African Americans">Museums</a></li> <li>Women <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_women_in_computer_science" title="African-American women in computer science">in computer science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_women_in_medicine" title="List of African-American women in medicine">in medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_women_in_STEM_fields" title="List of African-American women in STEM fields">in STEM fields</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_of_Black_Americans" title="Religion of Black Americans">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_Jews" title="African-American Jews">African-American Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_Muslims" title="African-American Muslims">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Muslims" title="American Society of Muslims">American Society of Muslims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_of_Islam" title="Nation of Islam">Nation of Islam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_church" title="Black church">Black church</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azusa_Street_Revival" title="Azusa Street Revival">Azusa Street Revival</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hebrew_Israelites" title="Black Hebrew Israelites">Black Hebrew Israelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_theology" title="Black theology">Black theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctrine_of_Father_Divine" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctrine of Father Divine">Doctrine of Father Divine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Political movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_anarchism" title="Black anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back-to-Africa_movement" title="Back-to-Africa movement">Back-to-Africa movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_power" title="Black power">Black power</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_power_movement" title="Black power movement">Movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_capitalism" title="Black capitalism">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_conservatism" title="Black conservatism">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_leftism" title="African-American leftism">Leftism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Africanism" title="Pan-Africanism">Pan-Africanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_populism" title="Black populism">Populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raised_fist" title="Raised fist">Raised fist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_self-determination" title="African-American self-determination">Self-determination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_nationalism" title="Black nationalism">Nationalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_socialism" title="African-American socialism">Socialism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Civic and economic groups</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_the_Study_of_African_American_Life_and_History" title="Association for the Study of African American Life and History">Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_Party" title="Black Panther Party">Black Panther Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Racial_Equality" title="Congress of Racial Equality">Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashville_Student_Movement" title="Nashville Student Movement">Nashville Student Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Black_Chamber_of_Commerce" title="National Black Chamber of Commerce">National Black Chamber of Commerce (NBCC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Negro_Women" title="National Council of Negro Women">National Council of Negro Women (NCNW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Pan-Hellenic_Council" title="National Pan-Hellenic Council">National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Urban_League" title="National Urban League">National Urban League (NUL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Christian_Leadership_Conference" title="Southern Christian Leadership Conference">Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_Nonviolent_Coordinating_Committee" title="Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee">Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall_College_Fund" title="Thurgood Marshall College Fund">Thurgood Marshall College Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNCF" title="UNCF">United Negro College Fund (UNCF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Negro_Improvement_Association_and_African_Communities_League" title="Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League">Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Negro_league_baseball" title="Negro league baseball">Negro league baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_color_line" title="Baseball color line">Baseball color line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_players_in_professional_American_football" title="Black players in professional American football">Black players in professional American football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_black_starting_NFL_quarterbacks" title="List of black starting NFL quarterbacks">Black NFL quarterbacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_players_in_ice_hockey" title="Black players in ice hockey">Black players in ice hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali" title="Muhammad Ali">Muhammad Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ashe" title="Arthur Ashe">Arthur Ashe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Johnson_(boxer)" title="Jack Johnson (boxer)">Jack Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Louis" title="Joe Louis">Joe Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Owens" title="Jesse Owens">Jesse Owens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Robinson" title="Jackie Robinson">Jackie Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serena_Williams" title="Serena Williams">Serena Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Athletic associations and conferences</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Intercollegiate_Athletic_Association" title="Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association">Central (CIAA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Eastern_Athletic_Conference" title="Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference">Mid-Eastern (MEAC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Intercollegiate_Athletic_Conference" title="Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference">Southern (SIAC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Athletic_Conference" title="Southwestern Athletic Conference">Southwestern (SWAC)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Ethnic subdivisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>By African descent <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fula_Americans" title="Fula Americans">Fula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gullah" title="Gullah">Gullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_Americans" title="Igbo Americans">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_Americans" title="Yoruba Americans">Yoruba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Creole_people" title="Alabama Creole people">Alabama Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Indians_in_the_United_States" title="Black Indians in the United States">Black Indians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Seminoles" title="Black Seminoles">Black Seminoles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_freedmen_controversy" title="Cherokee freedmen controversy">Cherokee freedmen controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choctaw_freedmen" title="Choctaw freedmen">Choctaw freedmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creek_Freedmen" title="Creek Freedmen">Creek Freedmen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Southerners" title="Black Southerners">Black Southerners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaxican" title="Blaxican">Blaxicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Dismal_Swamp_maroons" title="Great Dismal Swamp maroons">Great Dismal Swamp maroons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Creole_people" title="Louisiana Creole people">Louisiana Creole</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creoles_of_color" title="Creoles of color">of color</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melungeon" title="Melungeon">Melungeon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Demographics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_neighborhood" title="African-American neighborhood">Neighborhoods</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_neighborhoods" title="List of African-American neighborhoods">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._cities_with_large_Black_populations" title="List of U.S. cities with large Black populations">U.S. cities with large populations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._communities_with_African-American_majority_populations_in_2000" title="List of U.S. communities with African-American majority populations in 2000">2000 majorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._communities_with_African-American_majority_populations_in_2010" title="List of U.S. communities with African-American majority populations in 2010">2010 majorities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._metropolitan_areas_with_large_African-American_populations" title="List of U.S. metropolitan areas with large African-American populations">Metropolitan areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_African-American_population" title="List of U.S. states and territories by African-American population">States and territories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Seminole_Creole" title="Afro-Seminole Creole">Afro-Seminole Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">American Sign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_American_Sign_Language" title="Black American Sign Language">Black American Sign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_English" title="African-American English">African-American English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_Vernacular_English" title="African-American Vernacular English">African-American Vernacular English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_Vernacular_English_and_social_context" title="African-American Vernacular English and social context">social context</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gullah_language" title="Gullah language">Gullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Creole" title="Louisiana Creole">Louisiana Creole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">By state/city</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Alabama" title="African Americans in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Arkansas" title="African Americans in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_California" title="African Americans in California">California</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Los_Angeles" title="History of African Americans in Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_San_Francisco" title="African Americans in San Francisco">San Francisco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Cleveland" class="mw-redirect" title="African Americans in Cleveland">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Florida" title="African Americans in Florida">Florida</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Jacksonville" title="History of African Americans in Jacksonville">Jacksonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tallahassee,_Florida#Black_history" title="History of Tallahassee, Florida">Tallahassee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Georgia" title="African Americans in Georgia">Georgia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Atlanta" title="African Americans in Atlanta">Atlanta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Africans_in_Hawaii" title="Africans in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Illinois" title="African Americans in Illinois">Illinois</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Chicago" title="History of African Americans in Chicago">Chicago</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="African Americans in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Iowa" class="mw-redirect" title="African Americans in Iowa">Iowa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Davenport,_Iowa" title="African Americans in Davenport, Iowa">Davenport</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Kansas" class="mw-redirect" title="History of African Americans in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Kentucky" title="History of African Americans in Kentucky">Kentucky</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_neighborhoods_in_Lexington,_Kentucky" title="African-American neighborhoods in Lexington, Kentucky">Lexington</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Louisiana" title="African Americans in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Maryland" title="African Americans in Maryland">Maryland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Baltimore" title="History of African Americans in Baltimore">Baltimore</a></li></ul></li> <li>Massachusetts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Boston" title="History of African Americans in Boston">Boston</a></li></ul></li> <li>Michigan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Detroit" title="History of African Americans in Detroit">Detroit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Mississippi" title="African Americans in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_American_history_of_Nebraska" class="mw-redirect" title="African American history of Nebraska">Nebraska</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Omaha,_Nebraska" title="African Americans in Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_New_Jersey" title="African Americans in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="African Americans in New York">New York</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_New_York_City" title="African Americans in New York City">New York City</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_North_Carolina" title="African Americans in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Ohio" title="African Americans in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Oklahoma" title="African Americans in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Oregon" title="African Americans in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li>Pennsylvania <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Philadelphia" title="History of African Americans in Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro%E2%80%93Puerto_Ricans" title="Afro–Puerto Ricans">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_South_Carolina" title="African Americans in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_South_Dakota" title="African Americans in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Tennessee" title="African Americans in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Texas" title="History of African Americans in Texas">Texas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Austin" title="History of African Americans in Austin">Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Dallas%E2%80%93Fort_Worth" title="History of African Americans in Dallas–Fort Worth">Dallas–Fort Worth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Houston" title="History of African Americans in Houston">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_San_Antonio" title="History of African Americans in San Antonio">San Antonio</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Utah" title="History of African Americans in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Virginia" title="African Americans in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_West_Virginia" title="African Americans in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African-American_diaspora" title="African-American diaspora">Diaspora</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Africa" title="African Americans in Africa">Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_Creole_people" title="Gambian Creole people">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Ghana" title="African Americans in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americo-Liberian_people" title="Americo-Liberian people">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_Creole_people" title="Sierra Leone Creole people">Sierra Leone</a></li></ul></li> <li>America <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Nova_Scotians" title="Black Nova Scotians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saman%C3%A1_Americans" title="Samaná Americans">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_emigration" title="Haitian emigration">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mascogos" title="Mascogos">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merikins" title="Merikins">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Israel" title="African Americans in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li>Europe <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_France" title="African Americans in France">France</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_African_Americans" title="Lists of African Americans">African Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_activists" title="List of African-American activists">Activists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_actors" title="List of African-American actors">Actors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_astronauts" title="List of African-American astronauts">Astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_billionaires" title="Black billionaires">Billionaires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_American_journalists" title="List of African American journalists">Journalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_jurists" class="mw-redirect" title="List of African-American jurists">Jurists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_mathematicians" title="List of African-American mathematicians">Mathematicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_Republicans" title="List of African-American Republicans">Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_singers" title="List of African-American singers">Singers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_American_sportspeople" title="List of African American sportspeople">Sportspeople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spingarn_Medal" title="Spingarn Medal">Spingarn Medal winners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_United_States_Cabinet_members" title="List of African-American United States Cabinet members">US cabinet members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_United_States_representatives" title="List of African-American United States representatives">US representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_United_States_senators" title="List of African-American United States senators">US senators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_visual_artists" title="List of African-American visual artists">Visual artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_writers" title="List of African-American writers">Writers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_firsts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of African-American firsts">African-American firsts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_first_African-American_mayors" title="List of first African-American mayors">Mayors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_sports_firsts" title="List of African-American sports firsts">Sports firsts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_U.S._state_firsts" title="List of African-American U.S. state firsts">US state firsts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_historic_places" title="List of African-American historic places">Historic places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_articles_related_to_African_Americans" title="Index of articles related to African Americans">Index of related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_landmark_African-American_legislation" title="List of landmark African-American legislation">Landmark African-American legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lynching_victims_in_the_United_States" title="List of lynching victims in the United States">Lynching victims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monuments_to_African_Americans" title="List of monuments to African Americans">Monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_neighborhoods" title="List of African-American neighborhoods">Neighborhoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_topics_related_to_the_African_diaspora" title="List of topics related to the African diaspora">Topics related to the African diaspora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #d1eaeb;;font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:African-American_society" title="Category:African-American society">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, 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.navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13133#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13133#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13133#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000114497394">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/81404344">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1915904/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJrwTWccKDBCXcmTFmh8md">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/13717666X">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2008054754">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb159680833">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb159680833">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01157166">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/TO0V626951">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=js20090421019&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4920802">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1736349">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p316150266">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/9010331">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000273043&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000521625&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000916024">Chile</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201201494">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/jtp3612mgjznx1gr">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810670825905606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007422663805171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058610128606706">Catalonia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14631112">Belgium</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA18033021?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/c19b8adb-734e-4e2f-948b-f97e01741e79">MusicBrainz</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammy.com/artists/michelle-obama/251938">Grammy Awards</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.synchronkartei.de/person/ggWmyFOBb">Deutsche Synchronkartei</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/13717666X">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/137200560">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6qv5kmz">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div 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