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vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目錄</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">收埋</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">文頭</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-常見技巧" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#常見技巧"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>常見技巧</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-常見技巧-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> 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class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目錄" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="開/收內容一覽" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">開/收內容一覽</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">遊戲化</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="去睇另一種語文嘅文章。有36種語言版本。" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36種語言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spelifikasie" title="Spelifikasie – 南非荷蘭文" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Spelifikasie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A8" title="تلعيب – 阿拉伯文" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تلعيب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="تلعاب – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="تلعاب" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Игровизация – 保加利亞文" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Игровизация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludificaci%C3%B3" title="Ludificació – 加泰羅尼亞文" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ludificació" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰羅尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamifikace" title="Gamifikace – 捷克文" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gamifikace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamification" title="Gamification – 丹麥文" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gamification" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麥文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamification" title="Gamification – 德文" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gamification" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamification" title="Gamification – 希臘文" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Gamification" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希臘文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamification" title="Gamification – 英文" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Gamification" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludificaci%C3%B3n" title="Ludificación – 西班牙文" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ludificación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamifikazio" title="Gamifikazio – 巴斯克文" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gamifikazio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="بازی‌وارسازی – 波斯文" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بازی‌وارسازی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelillist%C3%A4minen" title="Pelillistäminen – 芬蘭文" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pelillistäminen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludification" title="Ludification – 法文" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ludification" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A7" title="משחוק – 希伯來文" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="משחוק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamification" title="Gamification – 匈牙利文" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gamification" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamifikasi" title="Gamifikasi – 印尼文" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gamifikasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamification" title="Gamification – 義大利文" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gamification" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="義大利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9F%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B1%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3" title="ゲーミフィケーション – 日文" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ゲーミフィケーション" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B2%8C%EC%9E%84%ED%99%94" title="게임화 – 韓文" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="게임화" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDaidybinimas" title="Žaidybinimas – 立陶宛文" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Žaidybinimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C4%93%C4%BCo%C5%A1ana" title="Spēļošana – 拉脫維亞文" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Spēļošana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脫維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamificatie" title="Gamificatie – 荷蘭文" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gamificatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spillifisering" title="Spillifisering – 巴克摩挪威文" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Spillifisering" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="巴克摩挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grywalizacja" title="Grywalizacja – 波蘭文" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Grywalizacja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Ludificação – 葡萄牙文" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ludificação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геймификация – 俄文" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Геймификация" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamification" title="Gamification – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gamification" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igrifikacija" title="Igrifikacija – 斯洛維尼亞文" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Igrifikacija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛維尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spelifiering" title="Spelifiering – 瑞典文" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Spelifiering" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AB%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="గేమిఫికేషన్ – 泰盧固文" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గేమిఫికేషన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰盧固文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oyunla%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rma" title="Oyunlaştırma – 土耳其文" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Oyunlaştırma" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Гейміфікація – 烏克蘭文" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гейміфікація" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="烏克蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%B2_ch%C6%A1i_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n_t%E1%BB%AD_%E1%BB%A9ng_d%E1%BB%A5ng_h%C3%B3a" title="Trò chơi điện tử ứng dụng hóa – 越南文" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trò chơi điện tử ứng dụng hóa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E5%8C%96" title="遊戲化 – 中文" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="遊戲化" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1067402#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="改跨語言拎" class="wbc-editpage">改拎</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="空間名"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E5%8C%96" title="睇吓內容頁[c]" accesskey="c"><span>文章</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E5%8C%96" rel="discussion" title="關於內容頁嘅討論[t]" accesskey="t"><span>討論</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="改語言變體" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">粵語</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> 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data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">閱讀設定</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">收埋</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">出自維基百科，自由嘅百科全書</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="yue" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Duolingo,_mem-referenco,_1.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Duolingo%2C_mem-referenco%2C_1.jpeg/240px-Duolingo%2C_mem-referenco%2C_1.jpeg" decoding="async" width="240" height="383" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Duolingo%2C_mem-referenco%2C_1.jpeg/360px-Duolingo%2C_mem-referenco%2C_1.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Duolingo%2C_mem-referenco%2C_1.jpeg/480px-Duolingo%2C_mem-referenco%2C_1.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1824" data-file-height="2912" /></a><figcaption>呢幅相顯示學語言用嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E5%8B%95%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F" title="流動應用程式">流動應用程式</a> <a href="/wiki/Duolingo" title="Duolingo">Duolingo</a> 喺 2017 年嗰時個樣，Duolingo 專登設計到似隻遊戲，想靠噉嚟提升學習者嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E6%A9%9F" title="動機">動機</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</figcaption></figure> <p><ruby><rb><b>遊戲化</b></rb><rt><span>jau<span class="Jpingtone">4</span> hei<span class="Jpingtone">3</span> faa<span class="Jpingtone">3</span></span></rt></ruby>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87" title="英文">英文</a>：<span lang="en"><b>gamification</b></span>）係<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="遊戲設計">遊戲設計</a>領域嘅一種應用，<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E7%BE%A9" title="定義">定義</a>上係指<b>將遊戲設計上嘅理論同原理應用落去遊戲以外嘅場合當中</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，目的通常係提升某啲人對某啲活動嘅投入程度<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>遊戲化常見於<a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="管理學">管理學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="教育學">教育學</a>、同<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4%E5%AD%B8" title="市場學">市場學</a>當中：管理學應用通常係嘗試用遊戲化提升打工仔做嘢嘅投入程度<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，而教育學就係想用遊戲化提升學生對<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92" title="學習">學習</a>嘅投入程度<sup id="cite_ref-iosup2014_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iosup2014-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。舉個例子說明，教育學上嘅遊戲化可以如下：研究者運用遊戲設計上<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%84%8F%E7%BE%A9%E5%98%85%E7%8E%A9" title="有意義嘅玩">有意義嘅玩</a>（meaningful play）概念；「有意義嘅玩」意思係，一隻遊戲如果要令玩家投入，噉隻遊戲就要能夠令玩家感知得到行動同結果之間嘅關係；於是個研究者就會睇吓一般遊戲係用乜方法達到有意義嘅玩嘅，佢發覺遊戲好多時會以一啲即時性嘅方法俾反饋俾個玩家；跟住佢就設計出一款<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F" title="電腦程式">電腦程式</a>，個程式會監察住學生喺網上做嘅作業，而且曉喺學生做作業嗰陣，俾啲即時性嘅評語；然後個研究者再做返個<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97" title="實驗">實驗</a>，比較吓「唔用呢個程式」同「用咗呢個程式」兩個情況下，後者當中啲學生投入程度係咪真係高咗－如果係，噉佢就有證據指呢個做法真係掂嘅<sup id="cite_ref-iosup2014_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iosup2014-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>遊戲化嘅概念喺廿一世紀初出現，打後嘅研究證實咗，用得適當嘅遊戲化普遍都可以有效噉提升打工仔同學生做嘢嘅投入程度<sup id="cite_ref-hamari2014_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hamari2014-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，不過遊戲化嘅使用需要考慮受試者同場合嘅特性<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="常見技巧"><span id=".E5.B8.B8.E8.A6.8B.E6.8A.80.E5.B7.A7"></span>常見技巧</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=1" title="編輯小節: 常見技巧"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">睇埋：<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="遊戲設計">遊戲設計</a></div> <p>以下係遊戲化上常用嘅基本技巧，喺<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="遊戲設計">遊戲設計</a>上都好常見，唔同嘅做法達到嘅效果都有些少唔同<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>： </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%97%E5%88%86" title="得分">得分</a></b>：每當一個個體成功達到某啲嘢，就俾若干分數佢，分數會幫佢留意住自己嘅進度<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。不過有遊戲化學者指出，分數唔應該係最重要嘅報償，因為噉會減低受試者嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E5%9C%A8%E5%8B%95%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="內在動機">內在動機</a><sup id="cite_ref-nicholson2015_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nicholson2015-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E5%B0%B1_(%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2)" title="成就 (電子遊戲)">徽章</a></b>（badges）：每當一個個體成功達到某啲里程碑，就俾一啲視覺上吸引嘅物體佢，徽章用途在於確立玩家嘅成就、象徵佢哋嘅成功、同作為虛擬嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E4%BD%8D%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地位象徵 (無呢版)">地位象徵</a>（status symbol）<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li><b>排行榜</b>（leaderboard）：一個排行榜會將玩家按分數同有嘅徽章等基準排名；喺遊戲化上，一個典型嘅排行榜會淨係將最高分嗰啲玩家列出嚟，而通常會為免令低分嘅人感受唔好唔會將最低分嘅人列出嚟<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%AD%E5%83%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="頭像">頭像</a></b>（avatar）：每個玩家有得揀一個影像做自己喺遊戲入面嘅代表，有啲遊戲甚至俾玩家創造自己嘅頭像；頭像嘅使用令隻遊戲變得更加有個人性<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li><b>進展</b>（progression）：玩家要能夠感覺自己「進展緊」，所以遊戲化好多時會俾玩家隨住佢哋經驗值或者分數增加而得到更多嘅嘢，例如係隨住一個學生得到經驗值，老師就俾佢有權做一啲更加深嘅額外作業或者多幾個頭像揀<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li><b>有意義嘅故仔</b>：遊戲好多時都有故仔，遊戲當中嘅角色可以令玩家產生認同感，而故仔會賦與意義俾隻遊戲嘅目標（「個主角要由地圖呢個位行去呢個位，因為佢要去救佢隻寵物」）；喺遊戲化當中，故仔可以令到冇乜吸引力嘅現實變得更有刺激性，例如如果醫護人員想將<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%9B%E8%82%A5" title="減肥">減肥</a>遊戲化，佢哋可以叫用家一路用<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B7%91%E6%AD%A5%E6%A9%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="跑步機 (無呢版)">跑步機</a>一路想像自己俾<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AA%E5%B1%8D" title="喪屍">喪屍</a>追緊<sup id="cite_ref-nicholson2015_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nicholson2015-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li><b>快速回輸</b>：盡可能令受試者做完某啲嘢之後即刻得到<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E8%BC%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="回輸">回輸</a>（睇埋<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%84%8F%E7%BE%A9%E5%98%85%E7%8E%A9" title="有意義嘅玩">有意義嘅玩</a>）<sup id="cite_ref-simoes2013_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-simoes2013-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li><b>理想難度</b>：將工作嘅難度調較成適合受試者嘅技能水平；因為呢種難度最能夠引致<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E6%B5%81" class="mw-redirect" title="心流">心流</a><sup id="cite_ref-simoes2013_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-simoes2013-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li><b>將複雜嘅工作揼散做細部份</b>：噉做會令受試者比較願意開始郁手做<sup id="cite_ref-simoes2013_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-simoes2013-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li><b>容許多條成功路線</b>：確保個遊戲係設計成一個受試者有得用多種唔同方法達致一個成功嘅效果<sup id="cite_ref-simoes2013_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-simoes2013-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="睇埋"><span id=".E7.9D.87.E5.9F.8B"></span>睇埋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=2" title="編輯小節: 睇埋"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E6%B5%81%E9%AB%94%E9%A9%97" title="心流體驗">心流體驗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="管理學">管理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="工作設計">工作設計</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2" title="遊戲">遊戲</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文獻"><span id=".E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=3" title="編輯小節: 文獻"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="div-col columns column-count column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; font-size:90%; column-count:3"> <ul><li>Boulton, Jima (2014). <i>100 Ideas that Changed the Web</i>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/9781780673707" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-78067-370-7</a>.</li> <li>Burke, Brian (2014). <i>Gamify: How Gamification Motivates People to Do Extraordinary Things</i>. Bibliomotion. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/9781937134853" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-937134-85-3</a>.</li> <li>Chou, Yu-kai (2015). <i>Actionable Gamification: Beyond Points, Badges, and Leaderboards</i>. Octalysis Media. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/9781511744041" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-5117-4404-1</a>.</li> <li>Deterding, Sebastian; Walz, Steffen P. (2015). <i>The Gameful World: Approaches, Issues, Applications</i>. The MIT Press. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/9780262028004" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-262-02800-4</a>.</li> <li>Fuchs, Mathias; Fizek, Sonia; Ruffino, Paolo; Schrape, Niklas (2014). <i>Rethinking Gamification</i>. Lüneburg: meson press. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/9783957960009" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-95796-000-9</a>.</li> <li>Haiken, Michele (2017). <i>Gamify Literacy: Boost Comprehension, Collaboration and Learning</i>. International Society for Technology in Education. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/9781564843869" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-56484-386-9</a>.</li> <li>Herger, Mario (2014). <i>Enterprise Gamification – Engaging people by letting them have fun (Vol. 01)</i>. EGC Media. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/9781470000646" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-4700-0064-6</a>.</li> <li>Herger, Mario (2015). <i>Gamification in Healthcare & Fitness (Vol. 07)</i>. EGC Media. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/9781502856098" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-5028-5609-8</a>.</li> <li>Horachek, David (2014). <i>Creating eLearning Games with Unity</i>. Packt Publishing. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/9781849693431" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-84969-343-1</a>.</li> <li>Hugos, Michael (2012). <i>Enterprise Games – Using Game Mechanics to Build a Better Business</i>. O’Reilly Media. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/9781449319564" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-4493-1956-4</a>.</li> <li>Landers, R. N., Bauer, K. N., & Callan, R. C. (2017). Gamification of task performance with leaderboards: A goal setting experiment. <i>Computers in Human Behavior</i>, 71, 508-515.</li> <li>Kapp, Karl M.; Blair, Lucas; Mesch, Rich (2013). <i>The Gamification of Learning and Instruction Fieldbook: Ideas into Practice</i>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/9781118677247" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-118-67724-7</a>.</li> <li>Kumar, Janaki; Herger, Mario (2013). <i>Gamification At Work</i>. Interaction Design Foundation. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/9788792964076" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-87-92964-07-6</a>.</li> <li>Marczewski, Andrzej (2015). <i>Even Ninja Monkeys Like to Play: Gamification, Game Thinking and Motivational Design</i>. CreateSpace Independent Publishing. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/9781514745663" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-5147-4566-3</a>.</li> <li>McGonigal, Jane (2015). <i>SuperBetter: A Revolutionary Approach to Getting Stronger, Happier, Braver and More Resilient</i>. Penguin Press. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/9780670069545" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-670-06954-5</a>.</li> <li>Pennenberg, Adam L. (2013). <i>Play At Work – How games Inspire Breakthrough Thinking</i>. Portfolio Penguin. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/9781591844792" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-59184-479-2</a>.</li> <li>Sehr, H. Cecilia (2014). <i>Evaluation and Credentialing in Digital Music Communities: Benefits and Challenges for Learning and Assessment</i>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/9780262527149" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-262-52714-9</a>.</li> <li>Suriano, Jason (2017). <i>Office Arcade: Gamification, Byte-Size Learning, and Other Wins on the Way to Productive Human Resources</i>. Lioncrest Publishing. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/9781619616059" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-6196-1605-9</a>.</li> <li>Werbach, Kevin; Hunter, Dan (2012). <i>For The Win – How Game Thinking Can Revolutionize Your Business</i>. Wharton Digital Press. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/9781613630235" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-61363-023-5</a>.</li> <li>Zichermann, Gabe; Cunningham, Christopher (2011). <i>Gamification by Design: Implementing Game Mechanics in Web and Mobile Apps</i>. Auflage: O'Reilly Media. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/9781449397678" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-4493-9767-8</a>.</li> <li>Zichermann, Gabe; Linder, Joselin (2013). <i>The Gamification Revolution – How Leaders Leverage Game Mechanics to Crush the Competition</i>. McGraw Hill. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/9780071808316" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-07-180831-6</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div style="clear: both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="攷"><span id=".E6.94.B7"></span>攷</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=4" title="編輯小節: 攷"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2020813">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-3"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Shortt, M., Tilak, S., Kuznetcova, I., Martens, B., & Akinkuolie, B. (2023). Gamification in mobile-assisted language learning: A systematic review of Duolingo literature from public release of 2012 to early 2020. <i>Computer Assisted Language Learning</i>, 36(3), 517-554.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Robson, K., Plangger, K., Kietzmann, J., McCarthy, I. & Pitt, L. (2015). "Is it all a game? Understanding the principles of gamification". <i>Business Horizons</i>. 58 (4): 411–420.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Deterding, S., Dixon, D., Khaled, R., & Nacke, L. (2011, September). From game design elements to gamefulness: defining gamification. In <i>Proceedings of the 15th international academic MindTrek conference: Envisioning future media environments</i> (pp. 9-15). ACM.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Huotari, K., & Hamari, J. (2012, October). Defining gamification: a service marketing perspective. In <i>Proceeding of the 16th international academic MindTrek conference</i> (pp. 17-22). ACM.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Neeli, B. K. (2012, December). A method to engage employees using gamification in BPO industry. In <i>2012 Third International Conference on Services in Emerging Markets</i> (pp. 142-146). IEEE.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iosup2014-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-iosup2014_6-0">6.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-iosup2014_6-1">6.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Iosup, A., & Epema, D. (2014, March). An experience report on using gamification in technical higher education. In <i>Proceedings of the 45th ACM technical symposium on Computer science education</i> (pp. 27-32). ACM.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hamari2014-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-hamari2014_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hamari, J., Koivisto, J., & Sarsa, H. (2014, January). Does Gamification Work?-A Literature Review of Empirical Studies on Gamification. In <i>HICSS</i> (Vol. 14, No. 2014, pp. 3025-3034).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Koivisto, Jonna; Hamari, Juho (2015). "Demographic differences in perceived benefits from gamification". <i>Computers in Human Behavior</i>. 35: 179–188.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sailer, M., Hense, J. U., Mayr, S. K., & Mandl, H. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S074756321630855X?token=F6735383D8E75CBAFA4EF36E5AC92C75D7206D3D4721120A7E2D95B2C14A90BBEE95A5FCCB968A2205412B9FC2CCB6CA">How gamification motivates: An experimental study of the effects of specific game design elements on psychological need satisfaction</a> (PDF). <i>Computers in Human Behavior</i>, 69, 371-380.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Werbach, K., & Hunter, D. (2012). <i>For the Win: How game thinking can revolutionize your business</i>. Philadelphia: Wharton Digital Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nicholson2015-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nicholson2015_11-0">11.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nicholson2015_11-1">11.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Nicholson, S. (2015). A RECIPE for meaningful gamification. In T. Reiners, & L. C. Wood (Eds.), <i>Gamification in education and business</i> (pp. 1e20). New York: Springer.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Antin, J., & Churchill, E. F. (2011). <i>Badges in social media: A social psychological perspective</i>. Paper presented at the CHI 2011, Vancouver.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Burguillo, J. C. (2010). Using game theory and Competition-based Learning to stimulate student motivation and performance. <i>Computers & Education</i>, 55(2), 566e575.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Annetta, L. A. (2010). The "I's" have it: A framework for serious educational game design. <i>Review of General Psychology</i>, 14(2), 105e112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medium.com/gameful-design/level-up-the-role-of-progression-for-gameful-design-ce7a87e2b70">Level Up! The role of progression for gameful design</a>. <i>Medium</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-simoes2013-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-simoes2013_16-0">16.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-simoes2013_16-1">16.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-simoes2013_16-2">16.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-simoes2013_16-3">16.3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Simões, J., Redondo, R. D., & Vilas, A. F. (2013). A social gamification framework for a K-6 learning platform. <i>Computers in Human Behavior</i>, 29(2), 345-353.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="遊戲設計，又或者叫_gem1_di6_saai1" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="Template:遊戲設計"><abbr title="去睇呢個模" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">睇</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:遊戲設計 (無呢版)"><abbr title="傾呢個模" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">傾</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88&action=edit"><abbr title="編輯呢個模" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">改</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="遊戲設計，又或者叫_gem1_di6_saai1" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="遊戲設計">遊戲設計</a>，又或者叫 <span>gem<span class="Jpingtone">1</span> di<span class="Jpingtone">6</span> saai<span class="Jpingtone">1</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div id="研究遊戲要點設計嘅學問">研究<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2" title="遊戲">遊戲</a>要點<a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="設計">設計</a>嘅學問</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">基礎概念</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/MDA_%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6" title="MDA 框架">MDA 框架</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%BC%88%E8%AB%96" title="博弈論">博弈論</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E7%8E%87%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2" title="機率遊戲">機率</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2" title="技術遊戲">技術</a>遊戲<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%94%E8%A1%93%E5%9C%88" title="魔術圈">魔術圈</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%A9" title="玩">玩</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%84%8F%E7%BE%A9%E5%98%85%E7%8E%A9" title="有意義嘅玩">有意義嘅玩</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%95%E5%85%A5%E6%84%9F" title="投入感">投入感</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E6%B5%81%E9%AB%94%E9%A9%97" title="心流體驗">心流</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E6%85%8B%E5%BA%A6" title="遊戲態度">遊戲態度</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B7%E8%BF%AB%E5%BE%AA%E7%92%B0" title="強迫循環">強迫循環</a></div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Game_(27828)_-_The_Noun_Project.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Game_%2827828%29_-_The_Noun_Project.svg/150px-Game_%2827828%29_-_The_Noun_Project.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Game_%2827828%29_-_The_Noun_Project.svg/225px-Game_%2827828%29_-_The_Noun_Project.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Game_%2827828%29_-_The_Noun_Project.svg/300px-Game_%2827828%29_-_The_Noun_Project.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E6%A9%9F%E5%88%B6" title="遊戲機制">遊<br />戲<br />機<br />制</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">重要數值</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%80%BC" title="生命值">HP</a> 同 <a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%94%E6%B3%95%E5%80%BC" title="魔法值">MP</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E9%A9%97%E5%80%BC" title="經驗值">經驗值</a>（EXP）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E7%B4%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="等級">等級</a>（LV）同<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%87%E5%91%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="升呢">升呢</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E5%8A%9B%E5%80%BC" title="能力值">能力值</a>（Stats）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BD_(%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2)" title="命 (電子遊戲)">命</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%97%E5%88%86" title="得分">得分</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="電子遊戲時間系統">時間系統</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B3%E6%99%82%E5%88%B6" title="即時制">即時制</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E5%90%88%E5%88%B6" title="回合制">回合制</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E6%99%82%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95%E9%81%B8%E6%93%87" title="同時行動選擇">同時行動選擇</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E9%99%90%E5%88%B6" title="時間限制">時間限制</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">移動</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%BA%A6" title="六自由度">六自由度</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%AE%B5%E8%B7%B3" title="二段跳">二段跳</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92%E8%B7%B3" title="三角跳">三角跳</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A9%E8%AD%B7%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="掩護系統">掩護系統</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E5%BA%A6" title="遊戲度">遊戲度</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2" title="小遊戲">小遊戲</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="快速反應事件">快速反應事件</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%89%B5%E7%99%BC%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E5%BA%A6" title="創發遊戲度">創發遊戲度</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E7%B7%9A%E6%80%A7%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E5%BA%A6" title="非線性遊戲度">非線性遊戲度</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E5%B0%B1_(%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2)" title="成就 (電子遊戲)">成就</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E5%9E%8B%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2" title="系統型遊戲">系統型遊戲</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">拉雜機制</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E9%81%93%E5%85%B7" title="遊戲道具">道具</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%8A%9B%E6%8F%90%E5%8D%87" title="威力提升">威力提升</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A0%E5%A5%AA_(%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2)" title="掠奪 (電子遊戲)">掠奪</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E9%A1%AF%E7%A4%BA%E5%84%80" title="遊戲顯示儀">HUD</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%9C%B0%E5%9C%96" title="小地圖">小地圖</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%80%E6%85%8B%E6%95%88%E6%9E%9C" title="狀態效果">狀態效果</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E6%95%B5" title="無敵">無敵</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E5%AD%98%E6%AA%94" title="遊戲存檔">遊戲存檔</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E6%A8%B9" title="科技樹">科技樹</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E8%A9%B1%E6%A8%B9" title="對話樹">對話樹</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="遊戲模式">遊戲模式</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">多人遊戲</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E7%AB%B6%E8%B3%BD" title="死亡競賽">死亡競賽</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E5%BE%8C%E4%B8%80%E5%80%8B%E4%BC%81%E5%88%B0%E5%96%BA%E5%BA%A6%E5%98%85%E4%BA%BA" title="最後一個企到喺度嘅人">最後一個企到喺度嘅人</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%AA%E6%97%97" title="奪旗">奪旗</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E7%84%B6%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" title="突然死亡">突然死亡</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_hill" title="King of the hill">佔山為王</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E7%AB%B6%E9%80%9F" title="時間競速">時間競速</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F" title="合作遊戲模式">合作模式</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B5%E5%85%B5%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F_(%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2)" class="mw-redirect" title="徵兵模式 (遊戲)">徵兵模式</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">第啲模式</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">單人（<a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%88%E6%99%82%E8%B3%BD" title="計時賽">計時賽</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%91%A8%E7%9B%AE" title="二周目">二周目</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%B6%AF%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F" title="生涯模式">生涯模式</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%9B%A1%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F" title="無盡模式">無盡模式</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%BA%A7%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F" title="熱座模式">熱座模式</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%A9%E5%AE%B6%E5%B0%8D%E6%8A%97%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83" title="玩家對抗環境">玩家對抗環境</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%A9%E5%AE%B6%E5%B0%8D%E6%88%B0" title="玩家對戰">玩家對戰</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B6%E7%8E%A9%E5%AE%B6%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2" title="零玩家遊戲">0 玩家</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9B%E6%93%AC%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="虛擬世界">虛擬世界</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="遊戲關卡" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E9%97%9C%E5%8D%A1" title="遊戲關卡">遊戲關卡</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%BB%E5%8B%99_(%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2)" title="任務 (電子遊戲)">任務</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E6%93%8A%E4%BB%BB%E5%8B%99_(%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2)" title="突擊任務 (電子遊戲)">打 raid</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%B7%E5%AE%AE%E6%8E%A2%E7%B4%A2" title="迷宮探索">迷宮探索</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC_(%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2)" title="副本 (電子遊戲)">副本</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90" title="程序生成">程序生成</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%8E%E5%8B%B5%E9%97%9C" title="獎勵關">獎勵關</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AD%B8_(%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2)" title="教學 (電子遊戲)">教學關</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E5%9C%B0%E5%9C%96" title="遊戲地圖">遊戲地圖</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E6%94%BE%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="開放世界">開放世界</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%AB%E5%90%91%E6%8D%B2%E8%BB%B8%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2" title="橫向捲軸遊戲">橫向捲軸</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E8%A1%8C%E9%80%B2" title="快速行進">快速行進</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%A8%E6%A9%9F%E9%81%87%E6%95%B5" title="隨機遇敵">隨機遇敵</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD%E8%BF%B7%E9%9C%A7" title="戰爭迷霧">戰爭迷霧</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9B%E6%93%AC%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="虛擬經濟">虛擬經濟</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%95%E6%98%87" title="糕昇">糕昇</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%99%A4%E9%8C%AF%E6%88%BF" title="除錯房">除錯房</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2" class="mw-disambig" title="遊戲角色">遊戲角色</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="玩家角色" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%A9%E5%AE%B6%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2" title="玩家角色">玩家角色</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%B5%E5%BB%BA%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2" title="創建角色">創建角色</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%99%E5%85%AC%E4%BB%94%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="紙公仔系統">紙公仔系統</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E4%B9%85%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" title="永久死亡">永久死亡</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E7%8E%A9%E5%AE%B6%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2" title="非玩家角色">NPC</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%89%93%E5%85%AD_(%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2)" title="二打六 (遊戲)">二打六</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%BD%AC_(%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2)" title="大佬 (遊戲)">大佬</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E7%B5%82%E5%A4%A7%E4%BD%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="最終大佬">最終大佬</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%A6%E5%85%8B_(%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2)" title="坦克 (電子遊戲)">坦克</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82%E5%B8%AB_(%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2)" title="治療師 (電子遊戲)">治療師</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A7%E5%A0%B4%E6%89%8B" title="控場手">控場手</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2%E8%81%B7%E6%A5%AD" title="角色職業">角色職業</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2%E6%8A%80%E8%83%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="角色技能">角色技能</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%95%E6%8B%9B" title="絕招">絕招</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%93%A1" title="遊戲管理員">遊戲管理員</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%96%E7%B7%9A_(%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2)" title="視線 (電子遊戲)">視線</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">遊戲分類</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="按架生分" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">按架生分</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2" title="電子遊戲">電子</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%96%E5%83%8F%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2" title="視像遊戲">視像</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="電子遊戲設計">電子遊戲設計</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E6%9D%BF%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2" title="圖板遊戲">圖板</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%92%AD%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2" title="咭遊戲">咭</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E6%8F%9B%E5%BC%8F%E5%92%AD%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2" title="集換式咭遊戲">集換式咭</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%B0%E4%BB%94%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2" title="骰仔遊戲">骰仔</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B%E6%89%93%E4%BB%97%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2" title="微模型打仗遊戲">微模型</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2%E6%89%AE%E6%BC%94%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2" title="角色扮演遊戲">角色扮演遊戲</a>（RPG）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%8C%E4%B8%8A%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2" title="桌上遊戲">桌上遊戲</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AD%E5%A0%B4%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2" title="賭場遊戲">賭場遊戲</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E8%AC%8E%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2" title="解謎遊戲">解謎遊戲</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> 睇埋<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E9%A1%9E%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%BD" title="電子遊戲類型一覽">電子遊戲類型一覽</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">設計概念</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E7%BE%8E%E5%B7%A5" title="遊戲美工">遊戲美工</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%96%8A%E4%BB%A3%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="疊代設計">疊代設計</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%9E%BA%E6%97%8B%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="螺旋模型">螺旋模型</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E6%B8%AC%E8%A9%A6" title="遊戲測試">遊戲測試</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%A1" title="遊戲平衡">遊戲平衡</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E8%A3%BD%E4%BD%9C" title="電子遊戲製作">電子遊戲製作</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%83%E8%88%87%E5%BC%8F%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="參與式設計">參與式設計</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">拉雜相關</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">遊戲化</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E5%8F%B2" title="遊戲史">遊戲史</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="遊戲研究">遊戲研究</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A3%E7%93%A3%E6%8E%82%E7%8E%A9%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2" title="瓣瓣掂玩遊戲">瓣瓣掂玩遊戲</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BA%E7%AD%96" title="決策">決策</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%83%B3%E5%83%8F%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="想像力">想像力</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%B5%E6%84%8F" title="創意">創意</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%AB%E6%84%9F" title="快感">快感</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%92%E8%B3%9E%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="犒賞系統">犒賞系統</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92%E6%9B%B2%E7%B7%9A" title="學習曲線">學習曲線</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5" title="策略">策略</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" title="藝術">藝術</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E8%A9%9E%E5%BD%99%E8%A1%A8" title="電子遊戲詞彙表">電子遊戲詞彙表</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Category:%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="Category:遊戲設計">遊戲設計類</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="管理學" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" 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transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">改</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="管理學" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="管理學">管理學</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div id="商學一門，專研究點樣打理組織"><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E5%AD%B8" title="商學">商學</a>一門，專研究點樣打理<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="組織">組織</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:LightYellow;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="組織">組織</a>概念</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B" title="組織結構">組織結構</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%85%E7%9B%AE" title="項目">項目</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%98%E9%9A%8A" title="團隊">團隊</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="會議">會議</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E7%B4%9A%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="等級制度">等級制度</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E5%83%9A%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="官僚組織">官僚</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A9%E9%99%A3%E5%BC%8F%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="矩陣式管理">矩陣式管理</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%B6%B2%E7%B5%A1" title="社會網絡">社會網絡</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%95%8F%E8%B2%AC%E5%88%B6" title="問責制">問責制</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%81%E4%BB%BD%E8%80%85" title="持份者">持份者</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="組織文化">文化</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B7%E6%A5%AD" title="職業">職業</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E5%A0%B4%E6%89%80" title="工作場所">工作場所</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="工作分析">工作分析</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="工作設計">工作設計</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E8%B1%90%E5%AF%8C%E5%8C%96" title="工作豐富化">豐富化</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E8%BC%AA%E6%8F%9B" title="工作輪換">輪換</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E6%93%B4%E5%A4%A7" title="工作擴大">擴大</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9B%E8%81%98" title="招聘">招聘</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%8B%E5%B7%A5" title="見工">見工</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="組織心理學">成員心理</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%88%E6%A5%AD%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98" class="mw-redirect" title="專業知識">專業知識</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92%E6%9B%B2%E7%B7%9A" title="學習曲線">學習曲線</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E8%A1%A8%E7%8F%BE" title="工作表現">表現</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E7%8F%BE%E8%A9%95%E4%BC%B0" title="表現評估">表現評估</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E6%BB%BF%E8%B6%B3%E6%84%9F" title="工作滿足感">滿足感</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E5%A3%93%E5%8A%9B" title="工作壓力">壓力</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A4%E9%AB%94%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="群體動力學">群體動力學</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%AE%E6%A8%99%E8%A8%AD%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="目標設定理論">目標設定理論</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">組織知識</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92" title="組織學習">組織學習</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98%E5%82%B3%E9%81%9E" title="知識傳遞">知識傳遞</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B8%E6%94%B6%E8%83%BD%E5%8A%9B" title="吸收能力">吸收能力</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95" title="組織發展">組織發展</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC" title="研究開發">研究開發</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%89%B5%E6%96%B0" title="創新">創新</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="管理資訊系統">管理資訊系統</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Noun_project_organization_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Noun_project_organization_icon.svg/150px-Noun_project_organization_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Noun_project_organization_icon.svg/225px-Noun_project_organization_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Noun_project_organization_icon.svg/300px-Noun_project_organization_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="510" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:LightYellow;">管理人員</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E7%AE%A1" title="主管">主管</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%88%E5%AE%B6%E6%B4%BE%E9%81%A3" title="專家派遣">專家派遣</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%B4%9A%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E4%BA%BA%E5%93%A1" title="中級管理人員">中層管理</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E6%80%A7%E9%A0%98%E8%A2%96" title="象徵性領袖">象徵性領袖</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%B4%9A%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E4%BA%BA%E5%93%A1" title="高級管理人員">高層管理</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B" title="董事">董事</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E6%9C%83" title="董事會">董事會</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E9%95%B7" title="董事長">董事長</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E7%B8%BD%E8%A3%81" title="行政總裁">行政總裁</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD" title="主席">主席</a>）</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:LightYellow;">管理技能</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%98%E5%B0%8E%E6%89%8D%E8%83%BD" title="領導才能">領導才能</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%85%E5%8A%9B" title="魅力">魅力</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%87%E5%88%A4" title="談判">談判</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9D%E7%AA%81%E8%AA%BF%E8%A7%A3" title="衝突調解">衝突調解</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BA%E7%AD%96" title="決策">決策</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D" title="資源分配">資源分配</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5" title="策略">策略</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5%E6%80%9D%E8%80%83" title="策略思考">策略思考</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7" title="有限理性">有限理性</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E8%AC%9B" title="演講">演講</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:LightYellow;">涉及事務</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">一般事務</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A1%E5%8B%99%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="財務管理">財務管理</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%95%E8%B3%87%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="投資管理">投資管理</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E9%9A%AA%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="風險管理">風險管理</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E9%A2%A8%E9%9A%AA%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="金融風險管理">金融</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%A7%E5%AE%A2%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="顧客關係管理">顧客關係管理</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="時間管理">時間管理</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%87%89%E8%AE%8A%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="應變管理">應變管理</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">員工管理</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8A%9B%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="人力資源管理">人力資源管理</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="作業管理">作業管理</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%BE%E6%95%88%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="績效管理">績效管理</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%93%E5%8A%9B%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="壓力管理">壓力管理</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">產品項目</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%85%E7%9B%AE%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="項目管理">項目管理</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%93%81%E8%B3%AA%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="品質管理">品質管理</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%9B%E6%87%89%E9%8F%88%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="供應鏈管理">供應鏈管理</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E6%B5%81" title="物流">物流管理</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="配置管理">配置管理</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%93%81%E7%89%8C%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="品牌管理">品牌管理</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">技術管理</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="系統管理">系統管理</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="資訊管理">資訊管理</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E8%A8%8A%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="通訊管理">通訊管理</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="知識管理">知識管理</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%89%B5%E6%96%B0%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="創新管理">創新管理</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:LightYellow;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="策略管理">營商策略</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">概念</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%B6%E7%88%AD%E5%84%AA%E5%8B%A2" title="競爭優勢">競爭優勢</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90%E7%82%BA%E6%9C%AC%E8%A7%80%E9%BB%9E" title="資源為本觀點">RBV</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%BF%83%E8%83%BD%E5%8A%9B" title="核心能力">核心能力</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%84%8F%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F" title="生意模式">生意模式</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%83%B9%E5%80%BC%E9%8F%88" title="價值鏈">價值鏈</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%84%AA%E6%AD%A5%E5%8C%96" title="優步化">優步化</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B7%E5%BC%B1%E5%8D%B1%E6%A9%9F%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="強弱危機分析">強弱危機分析</a><span 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