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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laman_Utama"><span>Laman Utama</span></a></li><li id="n-Tinjau" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tinjau"><span>Tinjau</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hal_semasa" title="Cari maklumat latar belakang mengenai peristiwa semasa"><span>Hal semasa</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Rawak" title="Muat laman rawak [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Rencana rawak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Perhubungan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Tentang-Wikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Gerbang-komuniti" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gerbang_Komuniti"><span>Gerbang komuniti</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_terkini" title="Senarai perubahan terkini dalam wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Menderma" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikipedia.org&uselang=ms"><span>Menderma</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Tempat mencari jawapan"><span>Bantuan</span></a></li><li id="n-Kedai-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kedai_Kopi"><span>Kedai Kopi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Laman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ms.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Cari" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di wiki ini [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Cari</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Cari Wikipedia" aria-label="Cari Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di wiki ini [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Khas:Cari"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Alat peribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log masuk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Laman untuk penyunting log keluar <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengenalan" aria-label="Ketahui lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>Ketahui lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumbangan_saya" title="Senarai suntingan yang dibuat daripada alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Sumbangan</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perbincangan_saya" title="Perbincangan mengenai penyuntingan daripada alamat IP anda [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Kandungan" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Kandungan</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Klasifikasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klasifikasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Klasifikasi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Klasifikasi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Klasifikasi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Klasifikasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Piawaian_American_College_of_Surgeons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Piawaian_American_College_of_Surgeons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Piawaian <i>American College of Surgeons</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Piawaian_American_College_of_Surgeons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Piawaian_Pertubuhan_Kesihatan_Sedunia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Piawaian_Pertubuhan_Kesihatan_Sedunia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Piawaian Pertubuhan Kesihatan Sedunia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Piawaian_Pertubuhan_Kesihatan_Sedunia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Punca" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Punca"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Punca</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Punca-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Punca</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Punca-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kecederaan_traumatik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kecederaan_traumatik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Kecederaan traumatik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kecederaan_traumatik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pautan_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pautan_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Pautan luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pautan_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pendarahan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 79 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-79" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">79 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloeding" title="Bloeding – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bloeding" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%81" title="نزف – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نزف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90_%DC%95%DC%95%DC%A1%DC%90" title="ܬܪܥܐ ܕܕܡܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܬܪܥܐ ܕܕܡܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Արիւնահոսութիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Արիւնահոսութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemorraxa" title="Hemorraxa – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Hemorraxa" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qanaxma" title="Qanaxma – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qanaxma" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%85%D8%A7" title="قاناخما – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قاناخما" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perdarahan" title="Perdarahan – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perdarahan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3" title="রক্তক্ষরণ – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রক্তক্ষরণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhut-hoeh" title="Chhut-hoeh – Cina Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chhut-hoeh" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Cina Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%91%D0%BA" title="Крывацёк – Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Крывацёк" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagdugo" title="Pagdugo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pagdugo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krvarenje" title="Krvarenje – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Krvarenje" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Кръвоизлив – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кръвоизлив" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemorr%C3%A0gia" title="Hemorràgia – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hemorràgia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krv%C3%A1cen%C3%AD" title="Krvácení – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Krvácení" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwaedu" title="Gwaedu – Wales" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwaedu" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wales" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farigu" title="Farigu – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Farigu" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bl%C3%B8dning" title="Blødning – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Blødning" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="دموخراجية – Arab Maghribi" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="دموخراجية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maghribi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blutung" title="Blutung – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Blutung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Αιμορραγία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αιμορραγία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleeding" title="Bleeding – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Bleeding" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemorragia" title="Hemorragia – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hemorragia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangado" title="Sangado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sangado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odoljario" title="Odoljario – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Odoljario" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="خونریزی – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خونریزی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9morragie" title="Hémorragie – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hémorragie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rith_fola" title="Rith fola – Ireland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Rith fola" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Ireland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemorraxia" title="Hemorraxia – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hemorraxia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B6%9C%ED%98%88" title="출혈 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="출혈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Արյունահոսություն – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արյունահոսություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5" title="रक्तस्राव – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रक्तस्राव" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krvarenje" title="Krvarenje – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Krvarenje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoragio" title="Hemoragio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Hemoragio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemorrhagia" title="Hemorrhagia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Hemorrhagia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bl%C3%A6%C3%B0ing" title="Blæðing – Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Blæðing" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emorragia" title="Emorragia – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Emorragia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9D" title="דימום – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דימום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B5" title="ರಕ್ತಸ್ರಾವ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರಕ್ತಸ್ರಾವ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="სისხლდენა – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სისხლდენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemorrhagia" title="Haemorrhagia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Haemorrhagia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asi%C5%86o%C5%A1ana" title="Asiņošana – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Asiņošana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraujavimas" title="Kraujavimas – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kraujavimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9rz%C3%A9s" title="Vérzés – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vérzés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Крвавење – Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Крвавење" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%82" title="രക്തസ്രാവം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="രക്തസ്രാവം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5" title="रक्तस्त्राव – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रक्तस्त्राव" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloeding" title="Bloeding – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bloeding" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E8%A1%80" title="出血 – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="出血" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bl%C3%B8dning" title="Blødning – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Blødning" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bl%C3%B8ding" title="Bløding – Nynorsk Norway" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bløding" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qon_ketishi" title="Qon ketishi – Uzbekistan" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qon ketishi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbekistan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bliidin" title="Bliidin – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Bliidin" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krwotok" title="Krwotok – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Krwotok" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemorragia" title="Hemorragia – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hemorragia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoragie" title="Hemoragie – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hemoragie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yawar_apariy" title="Yawar apariy – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Yawar apariy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Кровотечение – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кровотечение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B8" title="ලේ ගැලීම – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ලේ ගැලීම" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleeding" title="Bleeding – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bleeding" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krvavitev" title="Krvavitev – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Krvavitev" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%DB%8E%D9%86%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86" title="خوێنبەربوون – Kurdi Tengah" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خوێنبەربوون" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Tengah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Крварење – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Крварење" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krvarenje" title="Krvarenje – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Krvarenje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verenvuoto" title="Verenvuoto – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Verenvuoto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bl%C3%B6dning" title="Blödning – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Blödning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81" title="குருதிப்பெருக்கு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குருதிப்பெருக்கு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%82" title="రక్తస్రావం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రక్తస్రావం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81" title="เลือดออก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เลือดออก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BA%A3y_m%C3%A1u" title="Chảy máu – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chảy máu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanama" title="Kanama – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kanama" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0" title="Кровотеча – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кровотеча" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A8%DB%81%D9%86%D8%A7" title="خون بہنا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خون بہنا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagdugo" title="Pagdugo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pagdugo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E8%A1%80" title="出血 – Cina Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="出血" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Cina Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A5" title="בלוטשטורץ – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="בלוטשטורץ" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E8%A1%80" title="出血 – Kantonis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="出血" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E8%A1%80" title="出血 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="出血" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q166019#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pendarahan" title="Lihat laman kandungan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Rencana</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbincangan:Pendarahan&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Perbincangan mengenai laman kandungan (laman tidak wujud) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tukar kelainan bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Melayu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Rupa"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pendarahan"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendarahan&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendarahan&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendarahan&action=history" title="Semakan terdahulu bagi laman ini [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Peralatan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Peralatan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Peralatan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Lagi pilihan" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pendarahan"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendarahan&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendarahan&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendarahan&action=history"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/Pendarahan" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pautan ke laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/Pendarahan" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan berkaitan</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms" title="Muat naik fail [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Muat naik fail</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Laman_khas" title="Senarai semua laman khas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Laman khas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendarahan&oldid=5600552" title="Pautan kekal ke semakan laman ini"><span>Pautan kekal</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendarahan&action=info" title="Maklumat lanjut mengenai laman ini"><span>Maklumat laman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Petik_laman_ini&page=Pendarahan&id=5600552&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Maklumat tentang cara memetik laman ini"><span>Petik laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPendarahan"><span>Dapatkan URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPendarahan"><span>Muat turun kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Pendarahan"><span>Cipta buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&page=Pendarahan&action=show-download-screen"><span>Muat turun sebagai PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendarahan&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bleeding" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q166019" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5657302">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ccc">Pendarahan</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Nama lain</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Kehilangan darah, berdarah, hemoraj</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Bleeding_finger.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Bleeding_finger.jpg/300px-Bleeding_finger.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Bleeding_finger.jpg/450px-Bleeding_finger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Bleeding_finger.jpg/600px-Bleeding_finger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Jari yang berdarah</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Pengkhususan_(perubatan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pengkhususan (perubatan)">Pengkhususan</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Perubatan_kecemasan" title="Perubatan kecemasan">Perubatan kecemasan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hematologi" title="Hematologi">hematologi</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa;text-align:left"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left" title="Sunting bahagian atas laman"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pendarahan&action=edit&section=0"><span style="color:#555;" title="Sunting puncak laman ini">sunting</span></a></span><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Kotak_info_keadaan_perubatan" title="Lihat pendokumenan templat ini"><img alt="Lihat pendokumenan templat ini" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/13px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/20px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/26px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Lihat pendokumenan templat ini</figcaption></figure></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Pendarahan</b> juga dikenali sebagai <b>kehilangan darah</b>, <b>berdarah</b> dan <b>hemoraj</b> adalah <a href="/wiki/Darah" title="Darah">darah</a> yang keluar dari <a href="/wiki/Sistem_peredaran" title="Sistem peredaran">sistem peredaran</a> darah dari <a href="/wiki/Pembuluh_darah" title="Pembuluh darah">saluran darah</a> yang rosak.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pendarahan boleh berlaku secara <a href="/wiki/Pendarahan_dalaman" class="mw-redirect" title="Pendarahan dalaman">dalaman</a>, atau luaran seperti <a href="/wiki/Mulut" title="Mulut">mulut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hidung" title="Hidung">hidung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telinga" title="Telinga">telinga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uretra" title="Uretra">uretra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Faraj" title="Faraj">faraj</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Dubur" title="Dubur">dubur</a>, atau melalui luka di bahagian kulit. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hipovolemia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hipovolemia (laman tidak wujud)">Hipovolemia</a> adalah penurunan jumlah darah yang besar, dan kematian akibat kehilangan darah yang berlebihan disebut sebagai <a href="/wiki/Eksanguinasi" title="Eksanguinasi">eksanguinasi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Biasanya, orang yang sihat dapat mengalami kehilangan 10–15% dari jumlah darah tanpa masalah perubatan yang serius (sebagai perbandingan, <a href="/wiki/Derma_darah" title="Derma darah">pendermaan darah</a> biasanya mengambil 8–10% dari jumlah darah penderma).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Menghentikan atau mengawal pendarahan disebut <a href="/wiki/Hemostasis" title="Hemostasis">hemostasis</a> dan merupakan bahagian penting dari <a href="/wiki/Pertolongan_cemas" title="Pertolongan cemas">pertolongan cemas</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Pembedahan" title="Pembedahan">pembedahan</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Klasifikasi">Klasifikasi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendarahan&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Klasifikasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendarahan&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Klasifikasi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Piawaian_American_College_of_Surgeons">Piawaian <i>American College of Surgeons</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendarahan&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Piawaian American College of Surgeons" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendarahan&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Piawaian American College of Surgeons"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pendarahan dibahagikan kepada empat kelas oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sokongan_Hayat_Trauma_Lanjutan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sokongan Hayat Trauma Lanjutan (laman tidak wujud)">Sokongan Hayat Trauma Lanjutan</a> <i>American College of Surgeons</i> (ATLS).<sup id="cite_ref-EM2004_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EM2004-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Pendarahan Kelas I</b> melibatkan isipadu darah sehingga 15%</li> <li><b>Pendarahan Kelas II</b> dengan kehilangan isipadu darah antara 15-30% dari jumlah isipadu.</li> <li><b>Pendarahan Kelas III</b>, dengan kehilangan darah antara 30-40% dari isipadu pada <a href="/wiki/Sistem_peredaran" title="Sistem peredaran">sistem peredaran</a> darah.</li> <li><b>Pendarahan Kelas IV</b>, melibatkan kehilangan yang lebih besar daripada 40% isipadu <a href="/wiki/Sistem_peredaran" title="Sistem peredaran">sistem peredaran</a> darah dan resusitasi agresif diperlukan untuk mencegah <a href="/wiki/Kematian" class="mw-redirect" title="Kematian">kematian</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Piawaian_Pertubuhan_Kesihatan_Sedunia">Piawaian Pertubuhan Kesihatan Sedunia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendarahan&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Piawaian Pertubuhan Kesihatan Sedunia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendarahan&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Piawaian Pertubuhan Kesihatan Sedunia"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Pertubuhan_Kesihatan_Sedunia" title="Pertubuhan Kesihatan Sedunia">Pertubuhan Kesihatan Sedunia</a> membuat skala penggredan yang dipiawaikan untuk mengukur tahap keterukan pendarahan.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17043016_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17043016-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Gred 0</b> - tiada pendarahan</li> <li><b>Gred 1</b> - <a href="/wiki/Petekia" title="Petekia">pendarahan petekia</a></li> <li><b>Gred 2</b> - kehilangan darah ringan (signifikan secara klinikal)</li> <li><b>Gred 3</b> - kehilangan darah kasar, memerlukan transfusi (teruk)</li> <li><b>Gred 4</b> - kehilangan darah yang lemah, yang berkaitan dengan <a href="/wiki/Kematian" class="mw-redirect" title="Kematian">kematian</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Punca">Punca</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendarahan&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bahagian: Punca" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendarahan&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Punca"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5614044">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat juga: <a href="/wiki/Luka" title="Luka">Luka</a></div> <p>Pendarahan timbul disebabkan oleh kecederaan traumatik, keadaan perubatan, atau kedua-duanya. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kecederaan_traumatik">Kecederaan traumatik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendarahan&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bahagian: Kecederaan traumatik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendarahan&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Kecederaan traumatik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pendarahan trauma disebabkan oleh beberapa jenis <a href="/wiki/Kecederaan" title="Kecederaan">kecederaan</a>. Terdapat pelbagai jenis luka yang boleh menyebabkan pendarahan traumatik. Ini termasuk: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lelasan_(perubatan)" title="Lelasan (perubatan)">Lelasan</a> - merupakan <a href="/wiki/Luka" title="Luka">luka</a> yang disebabkan oleh kerosakan luaran pada kulit dan biasanya tidak menembusi di bawah <a href="/wiki/Lapisan_epidermis" title="Lapisan epidermis">lapisan epidermis</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekskoriasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekskoriasi (laman tidak wujud)">Ekskoriasi</a> - Sama seperti lelasan, ini disebabkan oleh kerosakan kulit secara mekanikal, walaupun biasanya ia disebabkan oleh keadaan perubatan individu terbabit.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hematoma" title="Hematoma">Hematoma</a> - Disebabkan oleh kerosakan pada saluran darah yang seterusnya menyebabkan darah terkumpul di bawah kulit.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laserasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laserasi (laman tidak wujud)">Laserasi</a> - Luka tidak teratur yang disebabkan oleh kesan tumpul pada tisu lembut yang melapisi tisu keras atau terkoyak seperti ketika melahirkan anak.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Insisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Insisi (laman tidak wujud)">Goresan</a> - Potongan pada <a href="/wiki/Tisu" class="mw-disambig" title="Tisu">tisu</a> badan atau <a href="/wiki/Organ" class="mw-disambig" title="Organ">organ</a>, seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skalpel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skalpel (laman tidak wujud)">skalpel</a>, yang dibuat semasa <a href="/wiki/Pembedahan" title="Pembedahan">pembedahan</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luka_tikaman" title="Luka tikaman">Luka tikaman</a> - Disebabkan oleh objek yang menembusi kulit dan lapisan yang mendasari, seperti <a href="/wiki/Kuku" title="Kuku">kuku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jarum" title="Jarum">jarum</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Pisau" title="Pisau">pisau</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebam" title="Lebam">Lebam</a> - ini adalah <a href="/wiki/Trauma_tumpul" title="Trauma tumpul">trauma tumpul</a> yang merosakkan tisu di bawah permukaan kulit.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedera_remuk" title="Cedera remuk">Cedera remuk</a> - Disebabkan oleh kecederaan oleh objek yang menyebabkan pemampatan daripada badan.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rosen_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rosen-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luka_tembakan" title="Luka tembakan">Luka tembakan</a> - Disebabkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Senjata" title="Senjata">senjata</a> peluru seperti <a href="/wiki/Senjata_api" title="Senjata api">senjata api</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendarahan&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendarahan&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6173370">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5110723">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110210143239/http://www.healthline.com/adamcontent/bleeding">"Bleeding Health Article"</a>. Healthline. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.healthline.com/adamcontent/bleeding">yang asal</a> pada 2011-02-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2007-06-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bleeding+Health+Article&rft.pub=Healthline&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.healthline.com%2Fadamcontent%2Fbleeding&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APendarahan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/exsanguination">"Dictionary Definitions of Exsanguination"</a>. Reference.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070711062056/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/exsanguination">Diarkibkan</a> daripada yang asal pada 2007-07-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2007-06-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dictionary+Definitions+of+Exsanguination&rft.pub=Reference.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.reference.com%2Fbrowse%2Fexsanguination&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APendarahan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928035216/http://www.blood.co.uk/pages/b36faint.html">"Blood Donation Information"</a>. UK National Blood Service. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blood.co.uk/pages/b36faint.html">yang asal</a> pada 2007-09-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">2007-06-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Blood+Donation+Information&rft.pub=UK+National+Blood+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blood.co.uk%2Fpages%2Fb36faint.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APendarahan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EM2004-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EM2004_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFManning2003" class="citation book cs1">Manning JE (2003-11-04). "Fluid and Blood Resuscitation". Dalam Tintinalli JE, Kelen GD, Stapczynski JS (penyunting). <i>Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide, Sixth edition</i>. McGraw Hill Professional. m/s. 227. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-07-150091-3" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-07-150091-3"><bdi>978-0-07-150091-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fluid+and+Blood+Resuscitation&rft.btitle=Emergency+Medicine%3A+A+Comprehensive+Study+Guide%2C+Sixth+edition&rft.pages=227&rft.pub=McGraw+Hill+Professional&rft.date=2003-11-04&rft.isbn=978-0-07-150091-3&rft.aulast=Manning&rft.aufirst=JE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APendarahan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid17043016-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid17043016_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFWebertCookSigouinRebulla2006" class="citation journal cs1">Webert K, Cook RJ, Sigouin CS, Rebulla P, Heddle NM (November 2006). "The risk of bleeding in thrombocytopenic patients with acute myeloid leukemia". <i>Haematologica</i>. <b>91</b> (11): 1530–37. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17043016">17043016</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haematologica&rft.atitle=The+risk+of+bleeding+in+thrombocytopenic+patients+with+acute+myeloid+leukemia&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=1530-37&rft.date=2006-11&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17043016&rft.aulast=Webert&rft.aufirst=K&rft.au=Cook%2C+RJ&rft.au=Sigouin%2C+CS&rft.au=Rebulla%2C+P&rft.au=Heddle%2C+NM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APendarahan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-britannica_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/crush-injury"><i>crush injury</i></a>, Chicago: <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>, 2010</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=crush+injury&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fscience%2Fcrush-injury&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APendarahan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rosen-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rosen_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFRon_WallsJohn_J._RateyRobert_I._Simon2009" class="citation book cs1">Ron Walls; John J. Ratey; Robert I. Simon (2009). <i>Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Expert Consult Premium Edition - Enhanced Online Features and Print (Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts & Clinical Practice (2 vol.))</i>. St. Louis: Mosby. m/s. 2482–3. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-0-323-05472-0" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-0-323-05472-0"><bdi>978-0-323-05472-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rosen%27s+Emergency+Medicine%3A+Expert+Consult+Premium+Edition+-+Enhanced+Online+Features+and+Print+%28Rosen%27s+Emergency+Medicine%3A+Concepts+%26+Clinical+Practice+%282+vol.%29%29&rft.place=St.+Louis&rft.pages=2482-3&rft.pub=Mosby&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-323-05472-0&rft.au=Ron+Walls&rft.au=John+J.+Ratey&rft.au=Robert+I.+Simon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APendarahan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pautan_luar">Pautan luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/ICD" title="ICD">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/ICD-10" title="ICD-10">10</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/R58">R58</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/ICD" title="ICD">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/Senarai_kod_ICD-9" title="Senarai kod ICD-9">9-CM</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=459.0">459.0</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Tajuk_Subjek_Perubatan" title="Tajuk Subjek Perubatan">MeSH</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D006470">D006470</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0; align:left">Sumber luar</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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