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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Oi!</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oi!" title="Oi! – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Oi!" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B9!" title="Ой! – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ой!" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oi!" title="Oi! – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Oi!" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oi!" title="Oi! – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Oi!" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oi!" title="Oi! – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Oi!" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oi!" title="Oi! – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Oi!" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oi!" title="Oi! – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Oi!" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oi!" title="Oi! – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Oi!" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oi!" title="Oi! – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Oi!" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oi!" title="Oi! – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Oi!" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oi!" title="Oi! – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Oi!" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oi!" title="Oi! – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Oi!" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EC%9D%B4!" title="오이! – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오이!" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oi!" title="Oi! – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Oi!" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oi!" title="Oi! – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Oi!" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oi!" title="Oi! – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Oi!" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oi!" title="Oi! – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="Oi!" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oi!" title="Oi! – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oi!" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%87!" title="ओइ! – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ओइ!" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%82%A4!" title="オイ! – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オイ!" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oi!" title="Oi! – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Oi!" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oi!" title="Oi! – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Oi!" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oi!" title="Oi! – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Oi!" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oi!_(g%C3%AAnero_musical)" title="Oi! (gênero musical) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Oi! (gênero musical)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oi!" title="Oi! – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Oi!" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oi!" title="Oi! – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Oi!" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oi!" title="Oi! – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Oi!" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oi!" title="Oi! – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Oi!" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oi!" title="Oi! – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Oi!" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oi!" title="Oi! – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Oi!" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oi!" title="Oi! – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Oi!" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oi!" title="Oi! – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Oi!" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oi!" title="Oi! – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Oi!" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oi!" title="Oi! – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Oi!" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oi!" title="Oi! – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Oi!" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q274401#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Subgenre of punk rock</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the music genre. For the interjection, see <a href="/wiki/Oi_(interjection)" title="Oi (interjection)">Oi (interjection)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Oi_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Oi (disambiguation)">Oi</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Oi!</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Stylistic origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">Punk rock</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pub_rock_(United_Kingdom)" title="Pub rock (United Kingdom)">pub rock</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_song" title="Drinking song">drinking songs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Football_chant" title="Football chant">football chants</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk music</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ska" title="Ska">ska</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cultural origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist">Late 1970s, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> (particularly the <a href="/wiki/East_End_of_London" title="East End of London">East End of London</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Derivative forms</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><a href="/wiki/Tough_guy_hardcore" title="Tough guy hardcore">Tough guy hardcore</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Subgenres</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"><a href="/wiki/Punk_pathetique" title="Punk pathetique">Punk pathetique</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Other topics</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Football_hooliganism" title="Football hooliganism">Football hooliganism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Garry_Bushell" title="Garry Bushell">Garry Bushell</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hardcore_punk" title="Hardcore punk">hardcore punk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mod_revival" title="Mod revival">mod revival</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Punk_ideologies" title="Punk ideologies">punk ideologies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Skinhead" title="Skinhead">skinhead</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sounds_(magazine)" title="Sounds (magazine)"><i>Sounds</i> magazine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Street_punk" title="Street punk">street punk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Working_class" title="Working class">working class</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Oi!</b> is a subgenre of <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk rock</a> that originated in the United Kingdom in the late 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The music and its associated <a href="/wiki/Subculture" title="Subculture">subculture</a> had the goal of bringing together <a href="/wiki/Punk_subculture" title="Punk subculture">punks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skinhead" title="Skinhead">skinheads</a>, and other disaffected <a href="/wiki/Working_class" title="Working class">working-class</a> youth.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The movement was partly a response to the perception that many participants in the early punk rock scene were, in the words of <a href="/wiki/The_Business_(band)" title="The Business (band)">The Business</a> guitarist Steve Kent, "trendy university people using long words, trying to be artistic... and losing touch."<sup id="cite_ref-robb_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-robb-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oi!&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Oi! became a recognised genre in the latter part of the 1970s, emerging after the perceived commercialisation of <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk rock</a>, and before the soon-to-dominate <a href="/wiki/Hardcore_punk" title="Hardcore punk">hardcore punk</a> sound. It fused the sounds of early punk bands such as the <a href="/wiki/Sex_Pistols" title="Sex Pistols">Sex Pistols</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ramones" title="Ramones">Ramones</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Clash" title="The Clash">the Clash</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Jam" title="The Jam">the Jam</a> with influences from 1960s British rock bands such as the <a href="/wiki/Small_Faces" title="Small Faces">Small Faces</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Who" title="The Who">the Who</a>, <a href="/wiki/Football_chant" title="Football chant">football chants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pub_rock_(United_Kingdom)" title="Pub rock (United Kingdom)">pub rock</a> bands such as <a href="/wiki/Dr._Feelgood_(band)" title="Dr. Feelgood (band)">Dr. Feelgood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eddie_and_the_Hot_Rods" title="Eddie and the Hot Rods">Eddie and the Hot Rods</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_101ers" title="The 101ers">The 101ers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Glam_rock" title="Glam rock">glam rock</a> bands such as <a href="/wiki/T._Rex_(band)" title="T. Rex (band)">T.Rex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slade" title="Slade">Slade</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Sweet" title="The Sweet">Sweet</a>. Although Oi! has come to be considered mainly a skinhead-oriented genre, the first few Oi! bands were composed mostly of punk rockers and people who fitted neither the skinhead nor punk label. </p><p>First-generation Oi! bands such as <a href="/wiki/Sham_69" title="Sham 69">Sham 69</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cock_Sparrer" title="Cock Sparrer">Cock Sparrer</a> were around for years before the word <i>Oi!</i> was used retroactively to describe their style of music. In 1980, writing in <i><a href="/wiki/Sounds_(magazine)" title="Sounds (magazine)">Sounds</a></i> magazine, rock journalist <a href="/wiki/Garry_Bushell" title="Garry Bushell">Garry Bushell</a> labelled the movement <i>Oi!</i>, taking the name from the garbled "<a href="/wiki/Oi_(interjection)" title="Oi (interjection)">Oi</a>!" that Stinky Turner of <a href="/wiki/Cockney_Rejects" title="Cockney Rejects">Cockney Rejects</a> used to introduce the band's songs.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word is a <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British</a> expression meaning <i>hey</i>. In addition to Cockney Rejects, other bands to be explicitly labeled Oi! in the early days of the genre included <a href="/wiki/Angelic_Upstarts" title="Angelic Upstarts">Angelic Upstarts</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_4-Skins" title="The 4-Skins">the 4-Skins</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Business_(band)" title="The Business (band)">the Business</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anti-Establishment_(band)" title="Anti-Establishment (band)">Anti-Establishment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blitz_(British_band)" title="Blitz (British band)">Blitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Blood_(band)" title="The Blood (band)">the Blood</a> and <a href="/wiki/Combat_84" title="Combat 84">Combat 84</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-marshall_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marshall-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The prevalent ideology of the original Oi! movement was a rough brand of working-class rebellion. Lyrical topics included unemployment, workers' rights, harassment by police and other authorities, and oppression by the government.<sup id="cite_ref-robb_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-robb-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oi! songs also covered less-political topics such as street violence, football, sex, and alcohol. </p><p>Some Oi! bands―such as <a href="/wiki/Sam_McCrory_(loyalist)" title="Sam McCrory (loyalist)">Sam McCrory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Adair" title="Johnny Adair">Johnny Adair</a>'s Offensive Weapon<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>―and fans were involved in <a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">white nationalist</a> organisations such as the <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(UK)" title="National Front (UK)">National Front</a> (NF) and the <a href="/wiki/British_Movement" title="British Movement">British Movement</a> (BM), leading some critics to dismiss the Oi! subgenre as <a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">racist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-robb_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-robb-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other Oi! bands, such as <a href="/wiki/Angelic_Upstarts" title="Angelic Upstarts">Angelic Upstarts</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Business_(band)" title="The Business (band)">The Business</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Burial_(English_band)" title="The Burial (English band)">The Burial</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Oppressed" title="The Oppressed">The Oppressed</a>, were associated with <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left-wing politics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-racism" title="Anti-racism">anti-racism</a>, and others were non-political.<sup id="cite_ref-bushell_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bushell-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-petridis_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-petridis-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rock_Against_Communism" title="Rock Against Communism">Rock Against Communism</a> (RAC) was a partial development from <a href="/wiki/White_power" class="mw-redirect" title="White power">white power</a>/<a href="/wiki/White_supremacist" class="mw-redirect" title="White supremacist">white supremacist</a> movements, which had musical and aesthetic similarities to Oi! Although due to Cold War fears the genre had appeal to some punk rock bands distinct from original Oi! in that they opposed all <a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">totalitarianism</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was not connected to the Oi! scene. Timothy S. Brown writes: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>[Oi!] played an important symbolic role in the politicization of the skinhead subculture. By providing, for the first time, a musical focus for skinhead identity that was "white"—that is, that had nothing to do with the West Indian immigrant presence and little obvious connection with black musical roots—Oi! provided a musical focus for new visions of skinhead identity [and] a point of entry for a new brand of right-wing rock music.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Garry Bushell, the journalist who promoted the Oi! genre, argued that the white power music scene was "totally distinct from us. We had no overlap other than a mutual dislike of each other".<sup id="cite_ref-petridis_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-petridis-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The mainstream media increased its claims that Oi! was linked to far-right racist politics after an Oi! concert at the Hambrough Tavern in <a href="/wiki/Southall" title="Southall">Southall</a> on 4 July 1981 ended with five hours of rioting, 120 people being injured and the tavern being burnt down.<sup id="cite_ref-riot_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-riot-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-marshall_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marshall-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before the concert, some audience members had written NF slogans around the area and bullied Asian residents of the neighbourhood.<sup id="cite_ref-robb_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-robb-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-riot_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-riot-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response, local Asian youths threw Molotov cocktails and other objects at the tavern, mistakenly believing that the concert—featuring the Business, the 4-Skins and the Last Resort—was a neo-Nazi event. Although some of the concert-goers were <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(UK)" title="National Front (UK)">National Front</a> or <a href="/wiki/British_Movement" title="British Movement">British Movement</a> supporters, none of the performers were <a href="/wiki/White_power_music" title="White power music">white power music</a> bands, and the audience of approximately 500 people included skinheads, black skinheads, punk rockers, <a href="/wiki/Rockabilly" title="Rockabilly">rockabillies</a>, and non-affiliated youths.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the aftermath of that riot, many Oi! bands condemned racism and <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">fascism</a>. These denials, however, were met with cynicism from some quarters because of the <i><a href="/wiki/Strength_Thru_Oi!" title="Strength Thru Oi!">Strength Thru Oi!</a></i> compilation album, released in May 1981. Not only was its title a play on a <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazi</a> slogan "<a href="/wiki/Strength_Through_Joy" title="Strength Through Joy">Strength Through Joy</a>", but the cover featured <a href="/wiki/Nicky_Crane" title="Nicky Crane">Nicky Crane</a>, a skinhead BM activist who was serving a four-year sentence for racist violence (Crane later disavowed his alignment with the <a href="/wiki/Far_right" class="mw-redirect" title="Far right">far right</a> after revealing he was gay).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bushell, who compiled the album, stated its title was a pun on <a href="/wiki/The_Skids" class="mw-redirect" title="The Skids">the Skids</a>' album <a href="/wiki/The_Absolute_Game#Strength_Through_Joy" title="The Absolute Game"><i>Strength Through Joy</i></a>, and that he had been unaware of the Nazi connotations.<sup id="cite_ref-bushell_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bushell-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also denied knowing the identity of the skinhead on the album's cover until it was exposed by the <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Mail" title="Daily Mail">Daily Mail</a></i> two months after the release.<sup id="cite_ref-bushell_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bushell-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bushell, a socialist at the time, noted the irony of being branded a far-right activist by a newspaper that "had once supported <a href="/wiki/Oswald_Mosley" title="Oswald Mosley">Oswald Mosley</a>'s <a href="/wiki/British_Union_of_Fascists" title="British Union of Fascists">Blackshirts</a>, Mussolini's <a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Abyssinian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Italo-Abyssinian War">invasion of Abyssinia</a>, and appeasement with Hitler right up to the outbreak of World War Two."<sup id="cite_ref-bushell_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bushell-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the Oi! movement lost momentum in the United Kingdom, Oi! scenes formed in continental Europe, North America, and Asia. Soon, especially in the United States, the Oi! phenomenon mirrored the hardcore punk scene of the late 1970s, with American Oi!-originating bands such as the Radicals, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Chaos" title="U.S. Chaos">U.S. Chaos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iron_Cross_(American_band)" title="Iron Cross (American band)">Iron Cross</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agnostic_Front" title="Agnostic Front">Agnostic Front</a>, and Anti Heros. Later American punk bands such as <a href="/wiki/Rancid_(band)" title="Rancid (band)">Rancid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dropkick_Murphys" title="Dropkick Murphys">Dropkick Murphys</a> have credited Oi! as a source of inspiration.<sup id="cite_ref-petridis_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-petridis-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the mid-1990s, there was a revival of interest in Oi! music, leading to older Oi! bands receiving more recognition in the UK<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="I think it needs reliable source for that (January 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and bands such as The Business being discovered by young, multiracial skinheads in the US.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2000s, many of the original UK Oi! bands reunited to perform and/or record. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oi!&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Street_punk" title="Street punk">Street punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skinhead" title="Skinhead">Skinhead</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oi!&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTravisHardy2012" class="citation book cs1">Travis, Tiffini; Hardy, Perry (13 April 2012). <i>Skinheads: A Guide to an American Subculture (Guides to Subcultures and Countercultures)</i>. Greenwood. pp. <span class="nowrap">28–</span>29. <q>The style known as NYHC started in the early 1980s and was characterized by "driving machine gun drum beats, fast heavy guitar riffs, and simple repetitive bass lines." Also included in most NYHC was what is now known as "the breakdown" - a quintessential break in the song that would send the listeners into a full-blown frenzy. The vocals were shouted, and many bands had sing-along choruses to encourage audience participation. Lyrics of songs reflected themes of unity, brotherhood, and social justice... It is important to keep in mind that Oi! music originated in England and that American skinheads listened to those bands. As Harley Flanagan recalls, "We were aware of what was going on over there and it was influencing bands... with sing-along anthems."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Skinheads%3A+A+Guide+to+an+American+Subculture+%28Guides+to+Subcultures+and+Countercultures%29&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E28-%3C%2Fspan%3E29&rft.pub=Greenwood&rft.date=2012-04-13&rft.aulast=Travis&rft.aufirst=Tiffini&rft.au=Hardy%2C+Perry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOi%21" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metalmusicarchives.com/subgenre/hardcore-punk">"HARDCORE PUNK"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"Revolution Rock". <i><a href="/wiki/Vox_(magazine)" title="Vox (magazine)">Vox</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vox&rft.atitle=Revolution+Rock&rft.date=1993-06&rft.aulast=Dalton&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOi%21" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBushell1981" class="citation magazine cs1">Bushell, Garry (24 January 1981). "Oi! – The Debate". <i><a href="/wiki/Sounds_(magazine)" title="Sounds (magazine)">Sounds</a></i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">30–</span>31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sounds&rft.atitle=Oi%21+%E2%80%93+The+Debate&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E30-%3C%2Fspan%3E31&rft.date=1981-01-24&rft.aulast=Bushell&rft.aufirst=Garry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOi%21" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBushell1981" class="citation audio-visual cs1">Bushell, Garry (1981). <i><a href="/wiki/Dance_Craze" title="Dance Craze">Dance Craze</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Nu_Image_Films" class="mw-redirect" title="Nu Image Films">Nu Image Films</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dance+Craze&rft.pub=Nu+Image+Films&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Bushell&rft.aufirst=Garry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOi%21" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-robb-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-robb_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-robb_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-robb_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-robb_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobb2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Robb_(musician)" title="John Robb (musician)">Robb, John</a> (27 February 2006). <i>Punk Rock: An Oral History</i>. <a href="/wiki/Ebury_Publishing" title="Ebury Publishing">Ebury Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0091905118" title="Special:BookSources/978-0091905118"><bdi>978-0091905118</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Punk+Rock%3A+An+Oral+History&rft.pub=Ebury+Publishing&rft.date=2006-02-27&rft.isbn=978-0091905118&rft.aulast=Robb&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOi%21" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090828055640/http://punkmodpop.free.fr/cockneyrejects_pic.htm">"COCKNEY REJECTS"</a>. <i>punkmodpop.free.fr</i>. 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John Blake. p. 156. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1844549078" title="Special:BookSources/978-1844549078"><bdi>978-1844549078</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hoolies%3A+True+Stories+of+Britain%27s+Biggest+Street+Battles&rft.pages=156&rft.pub=John+Blake&rft.date=2010-04-26&rft.isbn=978-1844549078&rft.aulast=Bushell&rft.aufirst=Garry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOi%21" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-marshall-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-marshall_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-marshall_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshall1991" class="citation book cs1">Marshall, George (1 December 1991). <i>Spirit of 69: A Skinhead Bible</i>. S.T. Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0951849705" title="Special:BookSources/978-0951849705"><bdi>978-0951849705</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spirit+of+69%3A+A+Skinhead+Bible&rft.pub=S.T.+Publishing&rft.date=1991-12-01&rft.isbn=978-0951849705&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOi%21" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sundayworld.com/crime/irish-crime/terror-chiefs-johnny-mad-dog-adair-and-sam-mccrory-hailed-as-trailblazing-punks-in-new-book/40865438.html">"Terror chiefs Johnny 'Mad Dog' Adair and Sam McCrory hailed as trailblazing punks in new book"</a>. <i>SundayWorld.com</i>. 22 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.garry-bushell.co.uk/oi/index.asp">the original</a> on 31 July 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=garry-bushell.co.uk&rft.atitle=Oi%21+%E2%80%93+The+Truth+by+Garry+Bushell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.garry-bushell.co.uk%2Foi%2Findex.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOi%21" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWorley2013" class="citation journal cs1">Worley, Matthew (2013). "Oi! Oi! Oi!: Class, Locality, and British Punk". <i><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Century_British_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Twentieth Century British History">Twentieth Century British History</a></i>. <b>24</b> (4) (December 2013 ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>: <span class="nowrap">606–</span>636. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Ftcbh%2Fhwt001">10.1093/tcbh/hwt001</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Twentieth+Century+British+History&rft.atitle=Oi%21+Oi%21+Oi%21%3A+Class%2C+Locality%2C+and+British+Punk&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E606-%3C%2Fspan%3E636&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Ftcbh%2Fhwt001&rft.aulast=Worley&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOi%21" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-petridis-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-petridis_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-petridis_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-petridis_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetridis2010" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Petridis" title="Alexis Petridis">Petridis, Alexis</a> (18 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/2010/mar/18/oi-cockney-rejects-garry-bushell-interview">"Misunderstood or hateful? 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Misunderstood+or+hateful%3F+Oi%21%27s+rise+and+fall&rft.date=2010-03-18&rft.aulast=Petridis&rft.aufirst=Alexis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmusic%2F2010%2Fmar%2F18%2Foi-cockney-rejects-garry-bushell-interview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOi%21" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarberisMcHughTyldesley2005" class="citation book cs1">Barberis, Peter; McHugh, John; Tyldesley, Mike (26 July 2005). <i>Encyclopedia of British and Irish Political Organizations: Parties, Groups and Movements of the Twentieth Century</i>. <a href="/wiki/Continuum_International_Publishing_Group" title="Continuum International Publishing Group">Continuum International</a>. p. 175. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0826458148" title="Special:BookSources/978-0826458148"><bdi>978-0826458148</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+British+and+Irish+Political+Organizations%3A+Parties%2C+Groups+and+Movements+of+the+Twentieth+Century&rft.pages=175&rft.pub=Continuum+International&rft.date=2005-07-26&rft.isbn=978-0826458148&rft.aulast=Barberis&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=McHugh%2C+John&rft.au=Tyldesley%2C+Mike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOi%21" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2004" class="citation journal cs1">Brown, Timothy S. (2004). "Subcultures, Pop Music and Politics: Skinheads and "Nazi Rock" in England and Germany". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Social_History" title="Journal of Social History">Journal of Social History</a></i>. <b>38</b> (1) (Fall 2004 ed.). Oxford University Press: <span class="nowrap">157–</span>178. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fjsh.2004.0079">10.1353/jsh.2004.0079</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:42029805">42029805</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Social+History&rft.atitle=Subcultures%2C+Pop+Music+and+Politics%3A+Skinheads+and+%22Nazi+Rock%22+in+England+and+Germany&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E157-%3C%2Fspan%3E178&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fjsh.2004.0079&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A42029805%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Timothy+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOi%21" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-riot-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-riot_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-riot_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=932&dat=19810705&id=t1YLAAAAIBAJ&sjid=qVIDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6426,404910">"Race Riot Strikes London"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Kingman_Daily_Miner" title="The Kingman Daily Miner">The Kingman Daily Miner</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Kingman,_Arizona" title="Kingman, Arizona">Kingman, Arizona</a>. 5 July 1981. p. A-8 – via <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Kingman+Daily+Miner&rft.atitle=Race+Riot+Strikes+London&rft.pages=A-8&rft.date=1981-07-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D932%26dat%3D19810705%26id%3Dt1YLAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DqVIDAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6426%2C404910&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOi%21" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarshall1991">Marshall 1991</a>, p. 106, 110</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRenton2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dave_Renton" title="Dave Renton">Renton, Dave</a> (4 May 2006). <i>When We Touched the Sky: The Anti-Nazi League, 1977–81</i>. New Clarion Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">136–</span>155. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1873797488" title="Special:BookSources/978-1873797488"><bdi>978-1873797488</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=When+We+Touched+the+Sky%3A+The+Anti-Nazi+League%2C+1977%E2%80%9381&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E136-%3C%2Fspan%3E155&rft.pub=New+Clarion+Press&rft.date=2006-05-04&rft.isbn=978-1873797488&rft.aulast=Renton&rft.aufirst=Dave&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOi%21" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarshall1991">Marshall 1991</a>, p. 107–108</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelly2013" class="citation news cs1">Kelly, Jon (6 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-25142557">"Nicky Crane: The secret double life of a gay neo-Nazi"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Nicky+Crane%3A+The+secret+double+life+of+a+gay+neo-Nazi&rft.date=2013-12-06&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmagazine-25142557&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOi%21" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinnegan1997" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Finnegan" title="William Finnegan">Finnegan, William</a> (23 November 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1997/12/01/the-unwanted">"THE UNWANTED"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=THE+UNWANTED&rft.date=1997-11-23&rft.aulast=Finnegan&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F1997%2F12%2F01%2Fthe-unwanted&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOi%21" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oi!&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120114233819/http://www.oioimusic.com/">oioimusic.com</a> Weekly updated site with interviews and reviews</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110317031547/http://europepunk.forum0.net/">Europe Punk</a> - Music for social change, not profit.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.punkoiuk.co.uk/">Punk and Oi! in the UK</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110507103406/http://www.punkoiuk.co.uk/">Archived</a> 7 May 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> includes interviews and news about Oi! bands</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oisite.tripod.com/">Oi! the Web Site</a> includes information about the original Oi! compilation albums</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Punk_rock112" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Punk" title="Template:Punk"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Punk" title="Template talk:Punk"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Punk" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Punk"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Punk_rock112" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">Punk rock</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Precursors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garage_rock" title="Garage rock">Garage rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-punk" title="Proto-punk">Proto-punk</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subgenres and <br />fusion genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Two-tone_(music_genre)" title="Two-tone (music genre)">2 tone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-punk" title="Afro-punk">Afro-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-punk" title="Anarcho-punk">Anarcho-punk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crust_punk" title="Crust punk">Crust punk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crust_punk#Crack_rock_steady" title="Crust punk">Crack rock steady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crust_punk#Crustcore" title="Crust punk">Crustcore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-beat" title="D-beat">D-beat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_punk" title="Art punk">Art punk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avant-punk" title="Avant-punk">Avant-punk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biker_metal" title="Biker metal">Biker metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_punk" title="Christian punk">Christian punk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_hardcore" title="Christian hardcore">Christian hardcore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowpunk" title="Cowpunk">Cowpunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance-punk" title="Dance-punk">Dance-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_cabaret" title="Dark cabaret">Dark cabaret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_punk" title="Egg punk">Egg punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emo" title="Emo">Emo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emo_pop" title="Emo pop">Emo pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emo_rap" title="Emo rap">Emo rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emo_revival" title="Emo revival">Emo revival</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_punk" title="Folk punk">Folk punk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-folk" title="Anti-folk">Anti-folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_punk" title="Celtic punk">Celtic punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypsy_punk" title="Gypsy punk">Gypsy punk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garage_punk_(fusion_genre)" title="Garage punk (fusion genre)">Garage punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glam_punk" title="Glam punk">Glam punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardcore_punk" title="Hardcore punk">Hardcore punk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beatdown_hardcore" title="Beatdown hardcore">Beatdown hardcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossover_thrash" title="Crossover thrash">Crossover thrash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_hardcore" title="Digital hardcore">Digital hardcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnacore" title="Krishnacore">Krishnacore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodic_hardcore" title="Melodic hardcore">Melodic hardcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metalcore" title="Metalcore">Metalcore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deathcore" title="Deathcore">Deathcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronicore" title="Electronicore">Electronicore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crunkcore" title="Crunkcore">Crunkcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendocore" title="Nintendocore">Nintendocore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathcore" title="Mathcore">Mathcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodic_metalcore" title="Melodic metalcore">Melodic metalcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_metalcore" title="Progressive metalcore">Progressive metalcore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queercore" title="Queercore">Queercore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riot_grrrl" title="Riot grrrl">Riot grrrl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqwacore" title="Taqwacore">Taqwacore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrashcore" title="Thrashcore">Thrashcore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_punk" title="Horror punk">Horror punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latino_punk" title="Latino punk">Latino punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_punk" title="Nazi punk">Nazi punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_wave_music" title="New wave music">New wave</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oi!</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Street_punk" title="Street punk">Street punk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop-punk" title="Pop-punk">Pop-punk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skate_punk" title="Skate punk">Skate punk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-hardcore" title="Post-hardcore">Post-hardcore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emo_revival" title="Emo revival">Emo revival</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-punk" title="Post-punk">Post-punk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_(music)" title="Ultra (music)">Ultra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_music#Progressive_punk" title="Progressive music">Progressive punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychobilly" title="Psychobilly">Psychobilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_blues" title="Punk blues">Punk blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_funk" title="Punk funk">Punk funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_jazz" title="Punk jazz">Punk jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_rock_subgenres#Punk_metal" title="Punk rock subgenres">Punk metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_pathetique" title="Punk pathetique">Punk pathetique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_rap" title="Punk rap">Punk rap</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emo_rap" title="Emo rap">Emo rap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggae_punk" title="Reggae punk">Reggae punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ska_punk" title="Ska punk">Ska punk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third_wave_ska" class="mw-redirect" title="Third wave ska">Third wave ska</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_punk" title="Street punk">Street punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surf_punk_(music_genre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Surf punk (music genre)">Surf punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_rock#Synth-punk" title="Electronic rock">Synth-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_kei" title="Visual kei">Visual kei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock">Alternative rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_rock" title="Gothic rock">Gothic rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grebo_(music)" title="Grebo (music)">Grebo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grunge" title="Grunge">Grunge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_music" title="Industrial music">Industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_rock" title="Noise rock">Noise rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scene_(subculture)" title="Scene (subculture)">Scene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speed_metal" title="Speed metal">Speed metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrash_metal" title="Thrash metal">Thrash metal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punk_rock_in_Australia" title="Punk rock in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_in_Brazil" title="Punk in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_punk_rock" title="Canadian punk rock">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_punk" title="Estonian punk">Estonia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Estonian_punk_bands" title="List of Estonian punk bands">List of bands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_punk" title="French punk">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_punk" title="German punk">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_punk" title="Greek punk">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Punk" title="Dutch Punk">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_rock_in_Spain" title="Punk rock in Spain">Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basque_Radical_Rock" title="Basque Radical Rock">Basque Radical Rock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_in_Sweden" title="Punk in Sweden">Sweden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nsrock" title="Könsrock">Könsrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trallpunk" title="Trallpunk">Trallpunk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_punk_bands_from_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of punk bands from the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_punk" title="Celtic punk">Celtic punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_punk" title="Scottish Gaelic punk">Scottish Gaelic punk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_States#Rock,_metal,_and_punk" title="Music of the United States">United States</a> (<a href="/wiki/Punk_rock_in_California" title="Punk rock in California">California</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_rock_in_Yugoslavia" title="Punk rock in Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People and groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_1970s_punk_rock_musicians" title="List of 1970s punk rock musicians">First wave punk musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_musicians_in_the_second_wave_of_punk_rock" title="List of musicians in the second wave of punk rock">Second wave punk musicians</a></li> <li>List of punk bands <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_punk_rock_bands,_0%E2%80%93K" title="List of punk rock bands, 0–K">#–K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_punk_rock_bands,_L%E2%80%93Z" title="List of punk rock bands, L–Z">L–Z</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_punk_filmmakers" title="List of punk filmmakers">Punk filmmakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_punk_rock" title="Women in punk rock">Women in punk rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_punk_rock_compilation_albums" title="List of punk rock compilation albums">List of punk compilation albums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_punk_rock_festivals" title="List of punk rock festivals">List of punk rock festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_rights_and_punk_subculture" title="Animal rights and punk subculture">Animal rights and punk subculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Punk" title="Conservative Punk">Conservative Punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Brian_Deneke" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Brian Deneke">Death of Brian Deneke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Do_it_yourself" title="Do it yourself">DIY ethic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshing" title="Moshing">Moshing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poseur" title="Poseur">Poseur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_subculture" title="Punk subculture">Punk subculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_fashion" title="Punk fashion">Punk fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_ideologies" title="Punk ideologies">Punk ideologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_visual_art" title="Punk visual art">Punk visual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_literature" title="Punk literature">Punk literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_zine" title="Punk zine">Punk zine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puntala-rock" title="Puntala-rock">Puntala-rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_edge" title="Straight edge">Straight edge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Punk film">Punk films</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_punk_films" title="List of punk films">List of punk films</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_punk_rock" title="Timeline of punk rock">Timeline of punk rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Skinhead106" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Skinhead" title="Template:Skinhead"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Skinhead" title="Template talk:Skinhead"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Skinhead" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Skinhead"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Skinhead106" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Skinhead" title="Skinhead">Skinhead</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vintage subcultures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mod_(subculture)" title="Mod (subculture)">Mod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rude_boy" title="Rude boy">Rude boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharpies_(Australian_subculture)" title="Sharpies (Australian subculture)">Sharpies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scooterboy" title="Scooterboy">Scooterboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soulboy" title="Soulboy">Soulboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suedehead_(subculture)" title="Suedehead (subculture)">Suedehead</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern subcultures<br />and groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Football_hooliganism" title="Football hooliganism">Football hooliganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_skinhead" title="Gay skinhead">Gay skinhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardcore_skinhead" title="Hardcore skinhead">Hardcore skinhead</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Friends_Stand_United" title="Friends Stand United">Friends Stand United</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardline_(subculture)" title="Hardline (subculture)">Hardline</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oi!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_edge" title="Straight edge">Straight edge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peckerwood" title="Peckerwood">Peckerwood</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Brotherhood" title="Aryan Brotherhood">Aryan Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Brotherhood_of_Texas" title="Aryan Brotherhood of Texas">Aryan Brotherhood of Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Circle" title="Aryan Circle">Aryan Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Kindred" title="European Kindred">European Kindred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Lowriders" title="Nazi Lowriders">Nazi Lowriders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Enemy_No._1_(street_gang)" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Enemy No. 1 (street gang)">Public Enemy No. 1</a></li> <li>List of peckerwood gangs</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redskin_(subculture)" title="Redskin (subculture)">Redskin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_Action" title="Red Action">Red Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_and_Anarchist_Skinheads" class="mw-redirect" title="Red and Anarchist Skinheads">Red and Anarchist Skinheads</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojan_skinhead" title="Trojan skinhead">Trojan skinhead</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Racist_Action" title="Anti-Racist Action">Anti-Racist Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skinheads_Against_Racial_Prejudice" title="Skinheads Against Racial Prejudice">Skinheads Against Racial Prejudice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_power_skinhead" title="White power skinhead">White power skinhead</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Front" title="American Front">American Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_Guard" title="Aryan Guard">Aryan Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_%26_Honour" title="Blood & Honour">Blood & Honour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Movement" title="British Movement">British Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_18" title="Combat 18">Combat 18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creativity_(religion)" title="Creativity (religion)">Creativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammerskins" title="Hammerskins">Hammerskins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Front" title="Heritage Front">Heritage Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keystone_State_Skinheads" class="mw-redirect" title="Keystone State Skinheads">Keystone State Skinheads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinlanders_Social_Club" title="Vinlanders Social Club">Vinlanders Social Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(UK)" title="National Front (UK)">National Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(United_States)" title="National Socialist Movement (United States)">National Socialist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volksfront" title="Volksfront">Volksfront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Aryan_Resistance" title="White Aryan Resistance">White Aryan Resistance</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2_Tone_(music_genre)" class="mw-redirect" title="2 Tone (music genre)">2 Tone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Beat_Records" title="Blue Beat Records">Blue Beat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_music_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Caribbean music in the United Kingdom">Caribbean music in the UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardcore_punk" title="Hardcore punk">Hardcore punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_revival" title="Mod revival">Mod revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motown" title="Motown">Motown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_black_metal" title="National Socialist black metal">National Socialist black metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_soul" title="Northern soul">Northern soul</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oi!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">Punk rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">Reggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Against_Communism" title="Rock Against Communism">Rock Against Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocksteady" title="Rocksteady">Rocksteady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ska" title="Ska">Ska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul_music" title="Soul music">Soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stax_Records" title="Stax Records">Stax Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studio_One_(record_label)" title="Studio One (record label)">Studio One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojan_Records" title="Trojan Records">Trojan Records</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clothing and accessories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Industries" title="Alpha Industries">Alpha Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Sherman" title="Ben Sherman">Ben Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brogue_shoe" title="Brogue shoe">Brogues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brutus_Jeans" title="Brutus Jeans">Brutus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crombie_(clothing)" title="Crombie (clothing)">Crombie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donkey_jacket" title="Donkey jacket">Donkey jacket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr._Martens" title="Dr. Martens">Dr. Martens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_cap" title="Flat cap">Flat cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_jacket" title="Flight jacket">Flight jacket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Perry_(clothing_label)" title="Fred Perry (clothing label)">Fred Perry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grinders_(footwear)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grinders (footwear)">Grinders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrington_jacket" title="Harrington jacket">Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Strauss_%26_Co." title="Levi Strauss & Co.">Levi Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slip-on_shoe" title="Slip-on shoe">Loafers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lonsdale_(clothing)" title="Lonsdale (clothing)">Lonsdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MA-1_bomber_jacket" title="MA-1 bomber jacket">MA-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweater_vest" title="Sweater vest">Sweater vest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solovair" title="Solovair">Solovair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel-toe_boot" title="Steel-toe boot">Steel-toe boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suit_(clothing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suit (clothing)">Suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tredair" title="Tredair">Tredair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trilby" title="Trilby">Trilby</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_skinhead_books" title="List of skinhead books">Skinhead books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_skinhead_films" title="List of skinhead films">Skinhead films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hooligan_firms" title="List of hooligan firms">Hooligan firms</a></li> <li>Peckerwood gangs</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox505" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274401#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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