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vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Death and successor subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Death_and_successor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Feast_of_Tabernacles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Feast_of_Tabernacles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Feast of Tabernacles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Feast_of_Tabernacles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_of_Antigonus_and_Aristobulus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_of_Antigonus_and_Aristobulus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Death of Antigonus and Aristobulus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_of_Antigonus_and_Aristobulus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coinage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coinage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Coinage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coinage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy_and_historical_debates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy_and_historical_debates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Legacy and historical debates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy_and_historical_debates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_significance_and_religious_tensions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_significance_and_religious_tensions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Historical significance and religious tensions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_significance_and_religious_tensions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Aristobulus I</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84" title="أرسطوبولس الأول – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أرسطوبولس الأول" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB_I" title="Аристобул I – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Аристобул I" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristobul_I_de_Judea" title="Aristobul I de Judea – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aristobul I de Judea" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB_I" title="Аристобул I – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Аристобул I" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristobulos_I." title="Aristobulos I. – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Aristobulos I." data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristobulos_I." title="Aristobulos I. – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Aristobulos I." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CF%8C%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%84" title="Αριστόβουλος Α΄ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αριστόβουλος Α΄" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arist%C3%B3bulo_I" title="Aristóbulo I – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Aristóbulo I" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3_%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%85" title="اریستوبولوس یکم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اریستوبولوس یکم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristobule_Ier" title="Aristobule Ier – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aristobule Ier" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A0%EB%B6%88%EB%A1%9C%EC%8A%A4_1%EC%84%B8" title="아리스토불로스 1세 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아리스토불로스 1세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%BD_I" title="Արիստամբուլոս I – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արիստամբուլոս I" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristobul_I" title="Aristobul I – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Aristobul I" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yudas_Aristoboulos" title="Yudas Aristoboulos – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Yudas Aristoboulos" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristobulo_I" title="Aristobulo I – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Aristobulo I" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9F" title="יהודה אריסטובולוס הראשון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יהודה אריסטובולוס הראשון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arist%C3%B4bolo_I" title="Aristôbolo I – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Aristôbolo I" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84" title="ارسطوبولس الاول – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ارسطوبولس الاول" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristobulus_I" title="Aristobulus I – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Aristobulus I" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%96%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B91%E4%B8%96" title="アリストブロス1世 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アリストブロス1世" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristobulos_I" title="Aristobulos I – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Aristobulos I" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arystobul_I" title="Arystobul I – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Arystobul I" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arist%C3%B3bulo_(filho_de_Jo%C3%A3o_Hircano)" title="Aristóbulo (filho de João Hircano) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Aristóbulo (filho de João Hircano)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB_I" title="Аристобул I – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аристобул I" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB_I" title="Аристобул I – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Аристобул I" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristobul_I" title="Aristobul I – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Aristobul I" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristobulus_I" title="Aristobulus I – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Aristobulus I" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._Aristobulus" title="I. Aristobulus – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="I. Aristobulus" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB_I" title="Арістобул I – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Арістобул I" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristobul" title="Aristobul – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Aristobul" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="יהודה אריסטובולוס דער ערשטער – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="יהודה אריסטובולוס דער ערשטער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E5%B8%83%E9%AD%AF%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="阿里斯托布魯斯一世 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿里斯托布魯斯一世" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q335124#sitelinks-wikipedia" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">King and High Priest of Judaea</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Aristobulus I</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i>King and High Priest of Judaea</i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Aristobulus_I_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Aristobulus_I_medal.svg/220px-Aristobulus_I_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Aristobulus_I_medal.svg/330px-Aristobulus_I_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Aristobulus_I_medal.svg/440px-Aristobulus_I_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Woodcut portrait from <i><a href="/wiki/Promptuarii_Iconum_Insigniorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum">Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum</a></i>, 1553</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Hasmonean_dynasty" title="Hasmonean dynasty">King of Judaea</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 104</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 103 BCE</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Monarchy established</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Jannaeus" title="Alexander Jannaeus">Alexander Jannaeus</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_High_Priests_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="List of High Priests of Israel">High Priest of Judaea</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Hyrcanus" title="John Hyrcanus">John Hyrcanus</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data">Alexander Jannaeus</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">c. 103 BCE<br /><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Salome_Alexandra" title="Salome Alexandra">Salome Alexandra</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hasmonean_dynasty" title="Hasmonean dynasty">Hasmonean</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data">John Hyrcanus</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Judah Aristobulus I,</b> or <b>Aristobulus I</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Ἀριστόβουλος</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">Aristóboulos</i></span>), was the <a href="/wiki/High_Priest_of_Israel" title="High Priest of Israel">High Priest of Israel</a> and the first <a href="/wiki/Hasmonean_dynasty" title="Hasmonean dynasty">Hasmonean</a> <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Israel_and_Judah" title="Kings of Israel and Judah">king of Judaea</a>, reigning from 104 BCE until his death the following year. He was the eldest of the five sons of <a href="/wiki/John_Hyrcanus" title="John Hyrcanus">John Hyrcanus</a>, the previous leader.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGelb2010174_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGelb2010174-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Roman-Jewish historian <a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a> states that he was the first Jew in "four hundred and eighty-three years and three months" to have established a monarchy since the return from the <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_captivity" title="Babylonian captivity">Babylonian</a> captivity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGruen200237_&_38_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGruen200237_&_38-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aristobulus was the first <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Judah" title="Kings of Judah">Hebrew king</a> to claim both the high priesthood and the kingship. The <a href="/wiki/Sadducees" title="Sadducees">Sadducees</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Essenes" title="Essenes">Essenes</a> were not concerned about Aristobulus taking the title of king, but the <a href="/wiki/Pharisees" title="Pharisees">Pharisees</a>, believing that the kingship could only be held by the descendants of the <a href="/wiki/Davidic_line" title="Davidic line">Davidic line</a>, strongly opposed this. They launched a massive rebellion, but Aristobulus died before any attempt to depose him could be made.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWine2012174_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWine2012174-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The major sources on Aristobulus's life from antiquity are Josephus's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_War" title="The Jewish War">The Jewish War</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Antiquities_of_the_Jews" title="Antiquities of the Jews">Antiquities of the Jews</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201680_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201680-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His reign is particularly noted for the <a href="/wiki/Judaization" title="Judaization">Judaization</a> of <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a> and the native <a href="/wiki/Semitic_people" title="Semitic people">Semitic people</a> called the Ituraeans. Josephus, quoting from <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a>'s <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Historica_Hypomnemata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Historica Hypomnemata (page does not exist)">Historica Hypomnemata</a>,</i> described Aristobulus's regime as kindly and "very serviceable to the Jews" on account of his conquests and the integration of "a portion of the Ituraean nation whom he joined to them by the bond of circumcision."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMyers201025_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMyers201025-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aristobulus_I&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name <i>Aristobulus</i> is of <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> origin and is an epithet meaning "best-advising."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElwellComfort2001109_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElwellComfort2001109-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aristobulus I was the first Hasmonean to adopt the name,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201680_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201680-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but his <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> name was Judah.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVanderKam2004314_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVanderKam2004314-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also referred to as <i><a href="/wiki/Philhellenism" title="Philhellenism">Philhellene</a></i>, meaning he was an admirer of <a href="/wiki/Hellenization" title="Hellenization">Greek culture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGelb2010175_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGelb2010175-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Josephus does not explain why he was called this.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201699_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201699-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_campaigns_and_monarchy_established">Early campaigns and monarchy established</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aristobulus_I&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early campaigns and monarchy established"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aristobulus and his brother Antigonus were entrusted by their father, John Hyrcanus, with the conquest of <a href="/wiki/Samaria_(ancient_city)" title="Samaria (ancient city)">Samaria</a>. They laid siege to the city, and when the inhabitants requested aid from the <a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid Empire</a>, they defeated a relief army led by <a href="/wiki/Antiochus_IX_Cyzicenus" title="Antiochus IX Cyzicenus">Antiochus IX Cyzicenus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoogan2001337_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoogan2001337-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Antiochus successfully escaped to <a href="/wiki/Beit_She%27an" title="Beit She'an">Scythopolis</a>, but the brothers captured Samaria towards the end of John's reign, razing the city and enslaving its inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoogan2001337_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoogan2001337-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeemingLeeming2002116_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeemingLeeming2002116-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their forces subsequently captured Scythopolis and the entire region south of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Carmel" title="Mount Carmel">Mount Carmel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeemingLeeming2002116_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeemingLeeming2002116-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to John Hyrcanus's instructions, the country was to be placed in the hands of his wife after his death, and Aristobulus was originally to receive only the high priesthood. Instead, Aristobulus had his mother imprisoned, where she starved to death, thereby securing for himself both the high priesthood and the kingship.<sup id="cite_ref-JWA_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JWA-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then imprisoned all of his brothers, except for Antigonus, to protect himself from possible familial retaliation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGelb2010174_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGelb2010174-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Josephus does not name Hyrcanus's wife.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201681_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201681-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He states that Aristobulus and Antigonus were the eldest of the five brothers, with Aristobulus being the firstborn. The other three were <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Jannaeus" title="Alexander Jannaeus">Alexander Jannaeus</a>, Absalom, and a fifth brother, whom Josephus mentions but does not name.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201680_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201680-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conquest_of_Galilee">Conquest of Galilee</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aristobulus_I&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Conquest of Galilee"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aristobulus went to war against the <a href="/wiki/Iturea" title="Iturea">Ituraeans</a> and took territory from them. The conquered Ituraeans were compelled to accept <a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">Jewish law</a> and <a href="/wiki/Circumcision" title="Circumcision">circumcision</a> to remain on their land.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMyers201025_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMyers201025-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ituraeans were an <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arab tribe</a> that expanded southwards from the Lebanese Beq'a into the <a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights" title="Golan Heights">Golan Heights</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Hermon" title="Mount Hermon">Mount Hermon</a> in the fourth century BCE following the collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButhNotley2013153_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButhNotley2013153-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are first mentioned in Josephus's <i>Antiquities</i> 13.319 during Aristobulus I's conquest, where Josephus writes, "He brought over to them a portion of the Ituraean nation."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMyers201025_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMyers201025-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Josephus's <i>Antiquities</i> 13.319 is a quote from <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a>'s <i>Historica Hypomnemata,</i> originally written by <a href="/wiki/Timagenes" title="Timagenes">Timagenes</a>, and states, "This man was a kindly person and very serviceable to the Jews, for he acquired additional territory for them and brought over to them a portion of the Ituraean nation, whom he joined to them by the bond of circumcision." This passage has been generally accepted as evidence of Josephus's reliance on Strabo and Timagenes's writings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMyers201024_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMyers201024-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The exact location of the confrontation and the territory that the Ituraeans occupied are unknown. Most scholars assume the Ituraean territory to be northern Galilee.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMyers201025_&_26_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMyers201025_&_26-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Kenneth Atkinson, there is no evidence of forced <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaization</a> in Galilee during Aristobulus's reign.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201696_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201696-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_successor">Death and successor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aristobulus_I&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Death and successor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Feast_of_Tabernacles">Feast of Tabernacles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aristobulus_I&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Feast of Tabernacles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With sudden abdominal pains, Aristobulus's health gradually deteriorated, compelling him to return to his palace during the festival of <a href="/wiki/Sukkot" title="Sukkot">Sukkot</a>. His brother Antigonus eventually returned to <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> to celebrate the festival at the <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple" title="Second Temple">Temple</a>. Unfamiliar with ceremonial festivities, Antigonus arrived armed with escorting soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGelb2010175_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGelb2010175-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Kenneth Atkinson, Antigonus had returned from a successful, unspecified military campaign. He further states that Josephus did not mention the location of the campaign. Atkinson presumes it to be Galilee since Antigonus had fine armour and military decorations procured in the region, as stated in Josephus's <i>Jewish War</i> 1.76.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201686_&_87_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201686_&_87-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his morbid state, Aristobulus fell prey to the factious influence of his wife, Queen <a href="/wiki/Salome_Alexandra" title="Salome Alexandra">Salome Alexandra</a>, and conspirators. They had spread rumours about Antigonus attempting to seize the throne once he was seen in armour at the festival. Wearing a military uniform was considered unorthodox during the occasion.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGelb2010175_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGelb2010175-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aristobulus was then informed by "evil men" that his brother was sending soldiers to murder him, and Aristobulus became estranged from Antigonus after hearing this rumour. Believing the report, he lowered himself into the fortified citadel Baris, which was besieged and had defensive towers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201697_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201697-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death_of_Antigonus_and_Aristobulus">Death of Antigonus and Aristobulus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aristobulus_I&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Death of Antigonus and Aristobulus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The queen, contemplating the possibility of being tortured and killed if Antigonus became king once Aristobulus died from his deteriorating health, deliberately advised Antigonus to enter, armed, into a meeting with his brother. However, he had been summoned to address suspicions of conspiracy against his brother's life. The queen had bribed the messenger whom Aristobulus had sent to his brother; she altered the original message. Instead of having Antigonus arrive at his brother's palace unarmed, she suggested that Antigonus should wear his new body armour, which he had made in Galilee as a presentation upon Aristobulus's request. Incensed with suspicion at finding his brother armed, Aristobulus killed him. In frantic regret at this rash execution, Aristobulus's health drastically declined until his death shortly thereafter.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGelb2010175_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGelb2010175-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Queen Salome then released Aristobulus's brothers, selecting <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Jannaeus" title="Alexander Jannaeus">Alexander Jannaeus</a> as the next king.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVanderKam2004318_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVanderKam2004318-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coinage">Coinage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aristobulus_I&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Coinage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The minting of <a href="/wiki/Hasmonean_coinage" title="Hasmonean coinage">Hasmonean coins</a> did not commence until the leadership of John Hyrcanus. Like his father, Aristobulus minted his coins solely with the title of high priesthood, using Hebrew inscriptions. It was not until Alexander Jannaeus that both the roles of kingship and high priesthood were minted onto the coins.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERegev2013175_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERegev2013175-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The majority of Aristobulus's coins were discovered primarily in the regions of <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a> and Golan, with the largest quantity originating from <a href="/wiki/Gamla" title="Gamla">Gamla</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButhNotley2013154_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButhNotley2013154-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2016, archaeologists had unearthed thirty coins at Gamla, the largest quantity to date.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201689_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201689-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of these coins were minted during his actual reign, while a small number were minted afterward.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButhNotley2013154_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButhNotley2013154-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Numismatics" title="Numismatics">numismatic</a> evidence does not suggest that Aristobulus assumed the title of king.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVanderKam2004314_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVanderKam2004314-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also the possibility that the coins could be attributed to <a href="/wiki/Aristobulus_II" title="Aristobulus II">Aristobulus II</a> (67–63 BCE), who was also a king and high priest.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVanderKam2004314_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVanderKam2004314-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the longstanding debate has leaned more towards Aristobulus I, as new numismatic evidence indicates that Aristobulus I had his coins minted with the name "Judah".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201681_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201681-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to his short reign of one year, only a small number of coins bearing the name "Judah" are available. <a href="/wiki/Ya%27akov_Meshorer" title="Ya'akov Meshorer">Ya'akov Meshorer</a> categorised them into two groups. Twenty coins are inscribed with "Jehudah the high priest and the assembly of the Jews", and another seven with the same inscriptions. Each coin has a value of one <i><a href="/wiki/Prutah" title="Prutah">prutah</a></i> and bears the inscriptions in a <a href="/wiki/Wreath" title="Wreath">wreath</a>. On the opposite side, there is a <a href="/wiki/Cornucopia" title="Cornucopia">cornucopia</a> with <a href="/wiki/Pomegranate" title="Pomegranate">pomegranates</a> between them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVanderKam2004314_&_315_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVanderKam2004314_&_315-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The inscriptions on his coins are almost identical to those on the coins of his father and his brother Alexander Jannaeus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201681_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201681-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Doubts concerning Josephus's assertion that Aristobulus was the first Hasmonean monarch are indicated by his coins, which do not contain the title of "king."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201681_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201681-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Josephus's statement also conflicts with Strabo, who states that Alexander Jannaeus was the first king rather than a high priest. However, no Hasmonean relinquished the high priesthood in favour of the kingship.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201683_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201683-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Kenneth Atkinson, Alexander Jannaeus faced opposition for having the kingship title minted on his coins. Alexander had many of those coins overstruck to replace the kingship title with that of the high priesthood. Atkinson considers the overstruck coins as evidence that the title of "king" was still problematic during Alexander's reign. Atkinson concludes that "the absence of any royal designation on Aristobulus's coins does not indicate that he was never an actual monarch."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201681_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201681-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy_and_historical_debates">Legacy and historical debates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aristobulus_I&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Legacy and historical debates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The brief yet impactful reign of Aristobulus I left a lasting imprint on the Hasmonean dynasty, sparking historical debates about his true status as a monarch. While Josephus asserts that Aristobulus was the first Hasmonean king, numismatic evidence complicates this claim. The coins minted during Aristobulus's rule do not bear the title of "king," fueling doubts about his royal status. This discrepancy aligns with conflicting accounts from Strabo, who credits Alexander Jannaeus as the inaugural Hasmonean king. The enduring debate hinges on the intricacies of Hasmonean leadership, with scholars pondering whether Aristobulus held both the high priesthood and kingship simultaneously. The absence of the royal designation on his coins, reminiscent of the later hesitancy seen in Alexander Jannaeus's reign, adds a layer of complexity to understanding the political dynamics within Hasmonean rule. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_significance_and_religious_tensions">Historical significance and religious tensions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aristobulus_I&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Historical significance and religious tensions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The dual assertion of high priesthood and kingship by Aristobulus I not only fueled debates among historians but also heightened religious tensions during his reign. The Pharisees, staunch believers in the <a href="/wiki/Davidic_line" title="Davidic line">Davidic lineage</a> as the rightful kings, vehemently opposed Aristobulus's claims to the throne. This ideological conflict resulted in a massive rebellion initiated by the Pharisees, seeking to depose Aristobulus. However, his untimely death pre-empted any resolution to this religious and political turmoil. The clash between traditionalist Pharisees and the Hasmonean monarch set the stage for subsequent power struggles within the Jewish community, contributing to the complex socio-political landscape of the time. Thus, the legacy of Aristobulus I extends beyond the numismatic uncertainties, encompassing the intricate interplay between religious convictions and political ambitions that characterised this pivotal period in Judean history. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aristobulus_I&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGelb2010174-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGelb2010174_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGelb2010174_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGelb2010">Gelb 2010</a>, p. 174.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGruen200237_&_38-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGruen200237_&_38_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGruen2002">Gruen 2002</a>, pp. 37 & 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWine2012174-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWine2012174_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWine2012">Wine 2012</a>, p. 174.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201680-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201680_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201680_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201680_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAtkinson2016">Atkinson 2016</a>, p. 80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMyers201025-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMyers201025_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMyers201025_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMyers201025_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMyers2010">Myers 2010</a>, p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEElwellComfort2001109-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElwellComfort2001109_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFElwellComfort2001">Elwell & Comfort 2001</a>, p. 109.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVanderKam2004314-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVanderKam2004314_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVanderKam2004314_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVanderKam2004314_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVanderKam2004">VanderKam 2004</a>, pp. 314.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGelb2010175-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGelb2010175_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGelb2010175_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGelb2010175_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGelb2010175_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGelb2010">Gelb 2010</a>, p. 175.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201699-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201699_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAtkinson2016">Atkinson 2016</a>, p. 99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECoogan2001337-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoogan2001337_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoogan2001337_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCoogan2001">Coogan 2001</a>, p. 337.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeemingLeeming2002116-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeemingLeeming2002116_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeemingLeeming2002116_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeemingLeeming2002">Leeming & Leeming 2002</a>, p. 116.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JWA-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JWA_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/hasmonean-women">Jewish Women’s Archive website, Hasmonean Women</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201681-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201681_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201681_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201681_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201681_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201681_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAtkinson2016">Atkinson 2016</a>, p. 81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEButhNotley2013153-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButhNotley2013153_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFButhNotley2013">Buth & Notley 2013</a>, p. 153.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMyers201024-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMyers201024_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMyers2010">Myers 2010</a>, p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMyers201025_&_26-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMyers201025_&_26_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMyers2010">Myers 2010</a>, pp. 25 & 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201696-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201696_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAtkinson2016">Atkinson 2016</a>, p. 96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201686_&_87-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201686_&_87_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAtkinson2016">Atkinson 2016</a>, pp. 86 & 87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201697-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201697_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAtkinson2016">Atkinson 2016</a>, p. 97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVanderKam2004318-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVanderKam2004318_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVanderKam2004">VanderKam 2004</a>, p. 318.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERegev2013175-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERegev2013175_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRegev2013">Regev 2013</a>, p. 175.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEButhNotley2013154-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButhNotley2013154_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButhNotley2013154_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFButhNotley2013">Buth & Notley 2013</a>, p. 154.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201689-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201689_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAtkinson2016">Atkinson 2016</a>, p. 89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVanderKam2004314_&_315-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVanderKam2004314_&_315_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVanderKam2004">VanderKam 2004</a>, pp. 314 & 315.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201683-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkinson201683_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAtkinson2016">Atkinson 2016</a>, p. 83.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aristobulus_I&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAtkinson2016" class="citation book cs1">Atkinson, Kenneth (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SrfMDAAAQBAJ"><i>A History of the Hasmonean State: Josephus and Beyond</i></a>. Bloomsbury Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780567669032" title="Special:BookSources/9780567669032"><bdi>9780567669032</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Hasmonean+State%3A+Josephus+and+Beyond&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9780567669032&rft.aulast=Atkinson&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSrfMDAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAristobulus+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButhNotley2013" class="citation book cs1">Buth, Randall; Notley, R. Steven (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231219003418/https://mis.kp.ac.rw/admin/admin_panel/kp_lms/files/digital/Core%20Books/Theology/Buth%20&%20Notley%20%28Eds.%29%20-%20The%20Language%20Environment%20of%20First%20Century%20Judaea;%20Jerusalem%20Studies%20in%20the%20Synoptic%20Gospels,%20Vol.%202%20%282014%29.pdf"><i>The Language Environment of First Century Judaea: Jerusalem Studies in the Synoptic Gospels</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004264410" title="Special:BookSources/9789004264410"><bdi>9789004264410</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mis.kp.ac.rw/admin/admin_panel/kp_lms/files/digital/Core%20Books/Theology/Buth%20&%20Notley%20(Eds.)%20-%20The%20Language%20Environment%20of%20First%20Century%20Judaea;%20Jerusalem%20Studies%20in%20the%20Synoptic%20Gospels,%20Vol.%202%20(2014).pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on December 19, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Language+Environment+of+First+Century+Judaea%3A+Jerusalem+Studies+in+the+Synoptic+Gospels&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9789004264410&rft.aulast=Buth&rft.aufirst=Randall&rft.au=Notley%2C+R.+Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmis.kp.ac.rw%2Fadmin%2Fadmin_panel%2Fkp_lms%2Ffiles%2Fdigital%2FCore%2520Books%2FTheology%2FButh%2520%26%2520Notley%2520%28Eds.%29%2520-%2520The%2520Language%2520Environment%2520of%2520First%2520Century%2520Judaea%3B%2520Jerusalem%2520Studies%2520in%2520the%2520Synoptic%2520Gospels%2C%2520Vol.%25202%2520%282014%29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAristobulus+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoogan2001" class="citation book cs1">Coogan, Michael D. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/title/44650958"><i>The Oxford History of the Biblical World</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195139372" title="Special:BookSources/9780195139372"><bdi>9780195139372</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+History+of+the+Biblical+World&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780195139372&rft.aulast=Coogan&rft.aufirst=Michael+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.worldcat.org%2Ftitle%2F44650958&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAristobulus+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElwellComfort2001" class="citation book cs1">Elwell, Walter A.; Comfort, Philip Wesley (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hWkoFOvbWW4C&q=Aristobulus+I&pg=PA109"><i>Tyndale Bible Dictionary</i></a>. Tyndale House Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780842370899" title="Special:BookSources/9780842370899"><bdi>9780842370899</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tyndale+Bible+Dictionary&rft.pub=Tyndale+House+Publishers&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780842370899&rft.aulast=Elwell&rft.aufirst=Walter+A.&rft.au=Comfort%2C+Philip+Wesley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhWkoFOvbWW4C%26q%3DAristobulus%2BI%26pg%3DPA109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAristobulus+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGelb2010" class="citation book cs1">Gelb, Norman (2010). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/kingsofjewsorigi0000gelb"><i>Kings of the Jews: The Origins of the Jewish Nation</i></a></span>. Jewish Publication Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780827609136" title="Special:BookSources/9780827609136"><bdi>9780827609136</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kings+of+the+Jews%3A+The+Origins+of+the+Jewish+Nation&rft.pub=Jewish+Publication+Society&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780827609136&rft.aulast=Gelb&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fkingsofjewsorigi0000gelb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAristobulus+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGruen2002" class="citation book cs1">Gruen, Erich S. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=l6YwDwAAQBAJ"><i>Heritage and Hellenism: The Reinvention of Jewish Tradition</i></a>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520235069" title="Special:BookSources/9780520235069"><bdi>9780520235069</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heritage+and+Hellenism%3A+The+Reinvention+of+Jewish+Tradition&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780520235069&rft.aulast=Gruen&rft.aufirst=Erich+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dl6YwDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAristobulus+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeemingLeeming2002" class="citation book cs1">Leeming, Henry; Leeming, Kate (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SqOODwAAQBAJ&q=Aristobulus+Samaria&pg=PA116"><i>Josephus' Jewish War and its Slavonic Version: A Synoptic Comparison</i></a>. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004331143" title="Special:BookSources/9789004331143"><bdi>9789004331143</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Josephus%27+Jewish+War+and+its+Slavonic+Version%3A+A+Synoptic+Comparison&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9789004331143&rft.aulast=Leeming&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft.au=Leeming%2C+Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSqOODwAAQBAJ%26q%3DAristobulus%2BSamaria%26pg%3DPA116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAristobulus+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMyers2010" class="citation book cs1">Myers, E. A. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ituraeansromanne0000myer"><i>The Ituraeans and the Roman Near East: Reassessing the Sources</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781139484817" title="Special:BookSources/9781139484817"><bdi>9781139484817</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ituraeans+and+the+Roman+Near+East%3A+Reassessing+the+Sources&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781139484817&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=E.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fituraeansromanne0000myer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAristobulus+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRegev2013" class="citation book cs1">Regev, Eyal (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BeE9AAAAQBAJ&q=Aristobulus+I+coin&pg=PA175"><i>The Hasmoneans: Ideology, Archaeology, Identity</i></a>. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783525550434" title="Special:BookSources/9783525550434"><bdi>9783525550434</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hasmoneans%3A+Ideology%2C+Archaeology%2C+Identity&rft.pub=Vandenhoeck+%26+Ruprecht&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9783525550434&rft.aulast=Regev&rft.aufirst=Eyal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBeE9AAAAQBAJ%26q%3DAristobulus%2BI%2Bcoin%26pg%3DPA175&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAristobulus+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVanderKam2004" class="citation book cs1">VanderKam, James C. (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fromjoshuatocaia0000vand/mode/2up"><i>From Joshua to Caiaphas: High Priests After the Exile</i></a></span>. Fortress Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781451410662" title="Special:BookSources/9781451410662"><bdi>9781451410662</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Joshua+to+Caiaphas%3A+High+Priests+After+the+Exile&rft.pub=Fortress+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781451410662&rft.aulast=VanderKam&rft.aufirst=James+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffromjoshuatocaia0000vand%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAristobulus+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWine2012" class="citation book cs1">Wine, Sherwin T. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=acof3AVNUkoC&q=Judah+Aristobulus+hellenization&pg=PA174"><i>A Provocative People: A Secular History of the Jews</i></a>. IISHJ-NA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780985151607" title="Special:BookSources/9780985151607"><bdi>9780985151607</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Provocative+People%3A+A+Secular+History+of+the+Jews&rft.pub=IISHJ-NA&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780985151607&rft.aulast=Wine&rft.aufirst=Sherwin+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dacof3AVNUkoC%26q%3DJudah%2BAristobulus%2Bhellenization%26pg%3DPA174&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAristobulus+I" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><span class="nowrap"> </span> </p> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Aristobulus I </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/Hasmonean_dynasty" title="Hasmonean dynasty">Hasmonean Dynasty</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 103 BCE</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FABE60;"><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Jewish titles</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Hyrcanus" title="John Hyrcanus">John Hyrcanus I</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Judean_rulers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Judean rulers">King of Judaea</a> </b><br />104–103 BCE </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Jannaeus" title="Alexander Jannaeus">Alexander Jannaeus</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_High_Priests_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="List of High Priests of Israel">High Priest of Judaea</a> </b><br />104–103 BCE </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rulers_of_Israel_and_Judah" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rulers_of_Ancient_Israel" title="Template:Rulers of Ancient Israel"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rulers_of_Ancient_Israel" title="Template talk:Rulers of Ancient Israel"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rulers_of_Ancient_Israel" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rulers of Ancient Israel"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rulers_of_Israel_and_Judah" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Rulers of <a href="/wiki/History_of_ancient_Israel_and_Judah" title="History of ancient Israel and Judah">Israel and Judah</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Davidic_line" title="Davidic line">Davidic line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Israel_and_Judah" title="Kings of Israel and Judah">Kings of Israel and Judah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Judah" title="Kings of Judah">Kings of Judah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maccabees" title="Maccabees">Maccabees</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(united_monarchy)" title="Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)">Israel<br />(united monarchy)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saul" title="Saul">Saul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ish-bosheth" title="Ish-bosheth">Ish-bosheth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(Samaria)" title="Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)">Israel<br />(northern kingdom)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeroboam" title="Jeroboam">Jeroboam I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadab_of_Israel" title="Nadab of Israel">Nadab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baasha_of_Israel" title="Baasha of Israel">Baasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elah_(king)" title="Elah (king)">Elah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimri_(king)" title="Zimri (king)">Zimri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibni" title="Tibni">Tibni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omri" title="Omri">Omri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahab" title="Ahab">Ahab</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jezebel" title="Jezebel">Jezebel</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahaziah_of_Israel" title="Ahaziah of Israel">Ahaziah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoram_of_Israel" title="Jehoram of Israel">Jehoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehu" title="Jehu">Jehu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoahaz_of_Israel" title="Jehoahaz of Israel">Jehoahaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoash_of_Israel" title="Jehoash of Israel">Jehoash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeroboam_II" title="Jeroboam II">Jeroboam II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_of_Israel" title="Zechariah of Israel">Zechariah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shallum_of_Israel" title="Shallum of Israel">Shallum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menahem" title="Menahem">Menahem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pekahiah" title="Pekahiah">Pekahiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pekah" title="Pekah">Pekah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoshea" title="Hoshea">Hoshea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Judah" title="Kingdom of Judah">Judah<br />(southern kingdom)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rehoboam" title="Rehoboam">Rehoboam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abijah_of_Judah" title="Abijah of Judah">Abijam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asa_of_Judah" title="Asa of Judah">Asa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoshaphat" title="Jehoshaphat">Jehoshaphat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoram_of_Judah" title="Jehoram of Judah">Jehoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahaziah_of_Judah" title="Ahaziah of Judah">Ahaziah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athaliah" title="Athaliah">Athaliah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoash_of_Judah" title="Jehoash of Judah">Jehoash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaziah_of_Judah" title="Amaziah of Judah">Amaziah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzziah" title="Uzziah">Uzziah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jotham" title="Jotham">Jotham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahaz" title="Ahaz">Ahaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezekiah" title="Hezekiah">Hezekiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manasseh_of_Judah" title="Manasseh of Judah">Manasseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amon_of_Judah" title="Amon of Judah">Amon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah" title="Josiah">Josiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoahaz_of_Judah" title="Jehoahaz of Judah">Jehoahaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoiakim" title="Jehoiakim">Jehoiakim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeconiah" title="Jeconiah">Jeconiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zedekiah" title="Zedekiah">Zedekiah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hasmonean_dynasty" title="Hasmonean dynasty">Judea<br />(Hasmonean dynasty)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Thassi" title="Simon Thassi">Simon Thassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hyrcanus" title="John Hyrcanus">John Hyrcanus</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aristobulus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Jannaeus" title="Alexander Jannaeus">Alexander Jannaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salome_Alexandra" title="Salome Alexandra">Salome Alexandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyrcanus_II" title="Hyrcanus II">Hyrcanus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristobulus_II" title="Aristobulus II">Aristobulus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigonus_II_Mattathias" title="Antigonus II Mattathias">Antigonus II Mattathias</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_leadership" title="Jewish leadership">Jewish leadership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_leaders_in_the_Land_of_Israel" title="List of Jewish leaders in the Land of Israel">List of Jewish leaders in the Land of Israel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="High_Priests_of_Israel_(List)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:High_Priests_of_Judaism" title="Template:High Priests of Judaism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:High_Priests_of_Judaism" title="Template talk:High Priests of Judaism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:High_Priests_of_Judaism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:High Priests of Judaism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="High_Priests_of_Israel_(List)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/High_Priest_of_Israel" title="High Priest of Israel">High Priests</a> of <a href="/wiki/History_of_ancient_Israel_and_Judah" title="History of ancient Israel and Judah">Israel</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_High_Priests_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="List of High Priests of Israel">List</a>)</small></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tabernacle" title="Tabernacle">Tabernacle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aaron" title="Aaron">Aaron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleazar" title="Eleazar">Eleazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phinehas" title="Phinehas">Phinehas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abishua" title="Abishua">Abishua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukki" title="Bukki">Bukki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzzi" title="Uzzi">Uzzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_(biblical_figure)" title="Eli (biblical figure)">Eli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahitub_(High_Priest)" title="Ahitub (High Priest)">Ahitub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahijah" title="Ahijah">Ahijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahimelech" title="Ahimelech">Ahimelech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abiathar" title="Abiathar">Abiathar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple" title="Solomon's Temple">First Temple</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zadok" title="Zadok">Zadok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahimaaz" title="Ahimaaz">Ahimaaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azariah_(High_Priest)" title="Azariah (High Priest)">Azariah I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joash_(High_Priest)" title="Joash (High Priest)">Joash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoiarib" title="Jehoiarib">Jehoiarib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoshaphat_(High_Priest)" title="Jehoshaphat (High Priest)">Jehoshaphat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoiada" title="Jehoiada">Jehoiada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pediah" title="Pediah">Pediah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zedekiah_(High_Priest)" title="Zedekiah (High Priest)">Zedekiah</a></li> <li>Joel</li> <li>Jotham</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uriah_(Book_of_Kings)" title="Uriah (Book of Kings)">Uriah</a></li> <li>Neria</li> <li>Hoshaiah</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shallum_(High_Priest)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shallum (High Priest)">Shallum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilkiah" title="Hilkiah">Hilkiah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azariah_IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azariah IV (page does not exist)">Azariah IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seraiah_(High_Priest)" class="mw-redirect" title="Seraiah (High Priest)">Seraiah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-<a href="/wiki/Babylonian_captivity" title="Babylonian captivity">exilic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_the_High_Priest" title="Joshua the High Priest">Joshua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joiakim_(High_Priest)" title="Joiakim (High Priest)">Joiakim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliashib_(High_Priest)" title="Eliashib (High Priest)">Eliashib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joiada" title="Joiada">Joiada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johanan_(High_Priest)" title="Johanan (High Priest)">Johanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaddua" title="Jaddua">Jaddua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onias_I" title="Onias I">Onias I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_I_(High_Priest)" title="Simon I (High Priest)">Simon I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleazar_(High_Priest)" title="Eleazar (High Priest)">Eleazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manasseh_(High_Priest)" title="Manasseh (High Priest)">Manasseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onias_II" title="Onias II">Onias II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_II_(High_Priest)" title="Simon II (High Priest)">Simon II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onias_III" title="Onias III">Onias III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_(High_Priest)" title="Jason (High Priest)">Jason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menelaus_(High_Priest)" title="Menelaus (High Priest)">Menelaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onias_IV" title="Onias IV">Onias IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcimus" title="Alcimus">Alcimus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hasmonean_dynasty" title="Hasmonean dynasty">Hasmonean<br />dynasty</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Apphus" title="Jonathan Apphus">Jonathan Apphus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Thassi" title="Simon Thassi">Simon Thassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hyrcanus" title="John Hyrcanus">Hyrcanus I</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aristobulus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Jannaeus" title="Alexander Jannaeus">Alexander Jannaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyrcanus_II" title="Hyrcanus II">Hyrcanus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristobulus_II" title="Aristobulus II">Aristobulus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigonus_II_Mattathias" title="Antigonus II Mattathias">Antigonus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Herodians" title="Herodians">Herodians</a><br />to the<br /><a href="/wiki/First_Jewish%E2%80%93Roman_War" title="First Jewish–Roman War">Jewish Revolt</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ananelus" title="Ananelus">Ananelus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristobulus_III_of_Judea" title="Aristobulus III of Judea">Aristobulus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananelus" title="Ananelus">Ananelus</a> (restored)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus,_son_of_Fabus" title="Jesus, son of Fabus">Jesus, son of Fabus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_son_of_Boethus" title="Simon son of Boethus">Simon ben Boethus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matthias_ben_Theophilus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matthias ben Theophilus (page does not exist)">Matthias ben Theophilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joazar_ben_Boethus" class="mw-redirect" title="Joazar ben Boethus">Joazar ben Boethus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleazar_ben_Boethus" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleazar ben Boethus">Eleazar ben Boethus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_ben_Sie" title="Joshua ben Sie">Joshua ben Sie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joazar_ben_Boethus" class="mw-redirect" title="Joazar ben Boethus">Joazar ben Boethus</a> (restored)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annas" title="Annas">Annas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishmael_ben_Fabus" title="Ishmael ben Fabus">Ishmael ben Fabus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleazar_ben_Ananus" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleazar ben Ananus">Eleazar ben Ananus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_ben_Camithus" title="Simon ben Camithus">Simon ben Camithus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caiaphas" title="Caiaphas">Caiaphas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_ben_Ananus" class="mw-redirect" title="Jonathan ben Ananus">Jonathan ben Ananus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_ben_Ananus" title="Theophilus ben Ananus">Theophilus ben Ananus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Cantatheras_ben_Boethus" class="mw-redirect" title="Simon Cantatheras ben Boethus">Simon Cantatheras ben Boethus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_ben_Ananus" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthias ben Ananus">Matthias ben Ananus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elioneus_ben_Simon_Cantatheras" class="mw-redirect" title="Elioneus ben Simon Cantatheras">Elioneus ben Simon Cantatheras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_ben_Ananus" class="mw-redirect" title="Jonathan ben Ananus">Jonathan ben Ananus</a> (restored)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Josephus_ben_Camydus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josephus ben Camydus (page does not exist)">Josephus ben Camydus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananias_son_of_Nedebeus" title="Ananias son of Nedebeus">Ananias son of Nedebeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_(High_Priest)" title="Jonathan (High Priest)">Jonathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishmael_ben_Fabus" title="Ishmael ben Fabus">Ishmael ben Fabus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Cabi_ben_Simon" title="Joseph Cabi ben Simon">Joseph Cabi ben Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananus_ben_Ananus" title="Ananus ben Ananus">Ananus ben Ananus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_son_of_Damneus" title="Jesus son of Damneus">Jesus son of Damneus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_ben_Gamla" title="Joshua ben Gamla">Joshua ben Gamla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattathias_ben_Theophilus" title="Mattathias ben Theophilus">Mattathias ben Theophilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phannias_ben_Samuel" title="Phannias ben Samuel">Phannias ben Samuel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q335124#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q335124#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q335124#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/72187491">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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