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Education in Burundi - Wikipedia

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padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help <b>expand this article with text translated from <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_scolaire_burundais" class="extiw" title="fr:Système scolaire burundais">the corresponding article</a> in French</b>. &#32;<i><small>(December 2017)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSyst%C3%A8me_scolaire_burundais&amp;sl=fr&amp;tl=en&amp;prev=_t&amp;hl=en">View</a> a machine-translated version of the French article.</li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Consider <b><a href="/wiki/Template:Expand_French#Topics_and_categorization" title="Template:Expand French">adding a topic</a></b> to this template: there are already 1,627 articles in the <a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_translation_from_French_Wikipedia" title="Category:Articles needing translation from French Wikipedia">main category</a>, and specifying<code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">&#124;topic&#61;</code> will aid in categorization.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at [[:fr:Système scolaire burundais]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|fr|Système scolaire burundais}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Education_in_Burundi" title="Talk:Education in Burundi">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carolus_Magnus_Schule-Burundi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Carolus_Magnus_Schule-Burundi.jpg/220px-Carolus_Magnus_Schule-Burundi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Carolus_Magnus_Schule-Burundi.jpg/330px-Carolus_Magnus_Schule-Burundi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Carolus_Magnus_Schule-Burundi.jpg/440px-Carolus_Magnus_Schule-Burundi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="536" /></a><figcaption>Carolus-Magnus-School in Burundi</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">Education</a> is compulsory in <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a> for the six years between the ages of seven and 13.<sup id="cite_ref-GCC_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GCC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Theoretically, primary education is free at point of use.<sup id="cite_ref-FHI_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FHI-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Primary education in Burundi spans six grades between the ages of <b>7</b> and <i>13</i>. The next <b>educational</b> tier, known as Lower Secondary, c<b>omprises an additional four grades</b>. Upper Secondary includes three further grades.<sup id="cite_ref-FHI_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FHI-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Students sit exams in their last year of primary school (<i>Certificat de fin d'études primaires</i>) as well as examinations in their tenth year (<i>Certificat du tronc commun</i>) to determine their eligibility for Upper Secondary. Finally, a final examination is set in the final year of Upper Secondary known as the Diploma for the End of Secondary Study (<i>Diplôme de fin d'études secondaires</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-FHI_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FHI-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, the gross primary enrollment rate for children (aged 8-10 ) was 61 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-USDOL_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USDOL-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 26 percent of children in the same age group combined education with paid work.<sup id="cite_ref-USDOL_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USDOL-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> There was a 66 percent completion rate for <a href="/wiki/Primary_education" title="Primary education">primary education</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-USDOL_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USDOL-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Student%E2%80%93teacher_ratio" title="Student–teacher ratio">student–teacher ratio</a> in Burundi in 2011 was 29.4:1.<sup id="cite_ref-FHI_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FHI-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>General levels of education in Burundi are low. In 2011, the country had an estimated <a href="/wiki/Literacy" title="Literacy">literacy rate</a> of approximately 60 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-GCC_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GCC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The Burundian government is a signatory to various international protocols against child labour.<sup id="cite_ref-USDOL_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USDOL-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In practice, the reality of the Burundian education system is often different from its legal structure. The fighting during the <a href="/wiki/Burundian_Civil_War" title="Burundian Civil War">Burundian Civil War</a> (1993–2006) did particular damage to the education system. Around 25 percent of all the country's schools were destroyed and many teachers were killed or became <a href="/wiki/Internally_displaced_person" title="Internally displaced person">internally displaced</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GCC_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GCC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Over 6,000 Burundian children also live in refugee camps outside Burundi.<sup id="cite_ref-USDOL_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USDOL-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Human Rights Measurement Initiative (HRMI)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> finds that Burundi is fulfilling 100.0% what it should be fulfilling for the right to education based on the country's level of income.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Burundi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1962: From the declaration of independence of the Burundian state, the education system was set up around the religious organization, which was already very present. The Burundian educational system, as perceived and organized by the Church, appears to be a two-track system that is quite distinct from each other. On the one hand, a non-formal and mass education, open to adults and young people wishing to have baptism, an education centered on learning the Bible, reading and writing; on the other hand, a very selective formal education, very expensive from secondary level and unbalanced, with however a content and certain structures modeled on the Belgian model 1. </p><p>1973: Probably the most significant school reform in the country's history was that of 1973. It provided that in 1989, 84% of children aged seven, the legal age for enrollment in primary school, would be enrolled. This reform also aimed to develop an education that takes into account national cultural specificities, because the one that was provided until then was largely inspired by the realities of the successive colonial powers in Burundi (German, then Belgian). It is for this reason that the concepts of “Kirundization” and “ruralization” were introduced. Political decision-makers at the time felt that the impact of this language strategy on school performance would be significant. </p><p>1980: With the support of the Belgian Technical Cooperation , the Pedagogical Institute (IP) was created, with a maximum training of two years after the General Humanities (equivalent baccalaureate ). The objective was to increase the number of lower secondary teachers. </p><p>1982: The 1982 reform introduced the double shift of teachers and locals and marked a decisive step in the promotion of access to education in Burundi. </p><p>It made it possible to double school enrollment at the primary level in less than 10 years. At the secondary level, we note the creation of Teacher Training Schools (EFI), replacing the Écoles Normales and the Écoles Moyennes Pédagogiques. The EFIs have been replaced by the Pedagogical High Schools with a two-year training after the common core. At the higher level, the main innovation was the merger of the École Normale Supérieure and the Official University of Bujumbura, two institutions harmed by the period of colonization in order to create the University of Burundi (UB). </p><p>1993: The Burundian education system was deeply affected by the Burundian civil war of 1993. Lower endowments, lower teacher salaries and non-enrollment of part of the population left traces beyond the reform of the school system of 1997. Thus, in 2004, the level of public spending on education had still not caught up with that before the 1993 crisis. </p><p>2005: Effective abolition of tuition fees for access to primary school. </p><p>2006: Entry of Kiswahili and English into the primary education system (the primary and secondary teaching languages remaining Kirundi and French). </p><p>Since 2012&#160;: Burundi is engaged in a profound reform of its education system within the framework of a new sector plan for the development of education and vocational training (PSDEF) 2012-2020. This new strategy, which enshrines in particular the transition to a 9-year basic education, is supported by the technical and financial partners of the state, in particular through the Common Fund for Education (FCE). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Burundi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-GCC-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GCC_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GCC_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GCC_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFStoltz2011" class="citation web cs1">Stoltz, Elizabeth (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gcc.concernusa.org/education/education-in-burundi/">"Education in Burundi"</a>. Global Concerns Classroom<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Education+in+Burundi&amp;rft.pub=Global+Concerns+Classroom&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.aulast=Stoltz&amp;rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgcc.concernusa.org%2Feducation%2Feducation-in-burundi%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEducation+in+Burundi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FHI-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FHI_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FHI_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FHI_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FHI_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epdc.org/country/burundi">"Burundi"</a>. <a href="/wiki/FHI_360" title="FHI 360">FHI 360</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Burundi&amp;rft.pub=FHI+360&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epdc.org%2Fcountry%2Fburundi&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEducation+in+Burundi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USDOL-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USDOL_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USDOL_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USDOL_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USDOL_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USDOL_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/burundi">"Child Labor and Forced Labor Reports (Burundi)"</a>. United States Department of Labor<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Child+Labor+and+Forced+Labor+Reports+%28Burundi%29&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Labor&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dol.gov%2Fagencies%2Filab%2Fresources%2Freports%2Fchild-labor%2Fburundi&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEducation+in+Burundi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://humanrightsmeasurement.org/">"Human Rights Measurement Initiative – The first global initiative to track the human rights performance of countries"</a>. <i>humanrightsmeasurement.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-03-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=humanrightsmeasurement.org&amp;rft.atitle=Human+Rights+Measurement+Initiative+%E2%80%93+The+first+global+initiative+to+track+the+human+rights+performance+of+countries&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhumanrightsmeasurement.org%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEducation+in+Burundi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rightstracker.org/">"Burundi - HRMI Rights Tracker"</a>. <i>rightstracker.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-03-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=rightstracker.org&amp;rft.atitle=Burundi+-+HRMI+Rights+Tracker&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frightstracker.org%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEducation+in+Burundi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Burundi&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Education_in_Africa" title="Template:Education in Africa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Education_in_Africa" title="Template talk:Education in Africa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Education_in_Africa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Education in Africa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Education_in_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Africa" title="Education in Africa">Education in Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Algeria" title="Education in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Angola" title="Education in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Benin" title="Education in Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Botswana" title="Education in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Burkina_Faso" title="Education in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Cameroon" title="Education in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Cape_Verde" title="Education in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Education in the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Chad" title="Education in Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Comoros" title="Education in the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Education in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Education in the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Djibouti" title="Education in Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Egypt" title="Education in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Education in Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Eritrea" title="Education in Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Eswatini" title="Education in Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Ethiopia" title="Education in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Gabon" title="Education in Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Gambia" title="Education in the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Ghana" title="Education in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Guinea" title="Education in Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="Education in Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Ivory_Coast" title="Education in Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Kenya" title="Education in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Lesotho" title="Education in Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Liberia" title="Education in Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Libya" title="Education in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Madagascar" title="Education in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Malawi" title="Education in Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Mali" title="Education in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Mauritania" title="Education in Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Mauritius" title="Education in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Morocco" title="Education in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Mozambique" title="Education in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Namibia" title="Education in Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Niger" title="Education in Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Nigeria" title="Education in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Rwanda" title="Education in Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Senegal" title="Education in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Seychelles" title="Education in Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Sierra_Leone" title="Education in Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Somalia" title="Education in Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_South_Africa" title="Education in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_South_Sudan" title="Education in South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Sudan" title="Education in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Tanzania" title="Education in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Togo" title="Education in Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Tunisia" title="Education in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Uganda" title="Education in Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Zambia" title="Education in Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Zimbabwe" title="Education in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">States with limited<br />recognition</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Education in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (page does not exist)">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Somaliland" title="Education in Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_the_Canary_Islands&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Education in the Canary Islands (page does not exist)">Canary Islands</a>&#160;/ <a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Ceuta&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Education in Ceuta (page does not exist)">Ceuta</a>&#160;/ <a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Melilla&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Education in Melilla (page does not exist)">Melilla</a>&#160;&#160;<span style="font-size:85%;">(Spain)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Madeira&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Education in Madeira (page does not exist)">Madeira</a>&#160;<span style="font-size:85%;">(Portugal)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Mayotte&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Education in Mayotte (page does not exist)">Mayotte</a>&#160;/ <a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_R%C3%A9union&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Education in Réunion (page does not exist)">Réunion</a>&#160;<span style="font-size:85%;">(France)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Saint_Helena" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a>&#160;/ <a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Ascension_Island&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Education in Ascension Island (page does not exist)">Ascension Island</a>&#160;/ <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Tristan_da_Cunha" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a>&#160;<span style="font-size:85%;">(United Kingdom)</span></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5dc468848‐rfmrd Cached time: 20241122150354 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.282 seconds Real time usage: 0.411 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1675/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 54717/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 4961/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 20/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip 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