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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vel%E2%80%99s_Parnelli_Jones_Racing" title="Vel’s Parnelli Jones Racing – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vel’s Parnelli Jones Racing" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vel%27s_Parnelli_Jones_Racing" title="Vel's Parnelli Jones Racing – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vel's Parnelli Jones Racing" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vel%27s_Parnelli_Jones_Racing" title="Vel's Parnelli Jones Racing – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vel's Parnelli Jones Racing" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vel%E2%80%99s_Parnelli_Jones_Racing" title="Vel’s Parnelli Jones Racing – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Vel’s Parnelli Jones Racing" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vel%27s_Parnelli_Jones_Racing" title="Vel's Parnelli Jones Racing – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Vel's Parnelli Jones Racing" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parnelli" title="Parnelli – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" 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searchaux" style="display:none">American racecar team and constructor</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title">Parnelli Jones Racing</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Full name</th><td class="infobox-data fn org">Vel's Parnelli Jones Racing</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder(s)</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Parnelli_Jones" title="Parnelli Jones">Parnelli Jones</a><br />Velko Miletich</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Noted drivers</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mario_Andretti" title="Mario Andretti">Mario Andretti</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Al_Unser" title="Al Unser">Al Unser</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Joe_Leonard" title="Joe Leonard">Joe Leonard</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: gainsboro;"><a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a> World Championship career</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First entry</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1974_Canadian_Grand_Prix" title="1974 Canadian Grand Prix">1974 Canadian Grand Prix</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Races entered</th><td class="infobox-data">16<sup id="cite_ref-ref_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Engines</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cosworth" title="Cosworth">Cosworth</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Formula_One_World_Constructors%27_Champions" title="List of Formula One World Constructors' Champions">Constructors'<br />Championships</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0 <small>(best finish: 10th, <a href="/wiki/1975_Formula_One_season" title="1975 Formula One season">1975</a>)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Formula_One_World_Drivers%27_Champions" title="List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions">Drivers'<br />Championships</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Formula_One_Grand_Prix_winners_(constructors)" title="List of Formula One Grand Prix winners (constructors)">Race victories</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0 <small>(best finish: 4th, <a href="/wiki/1975_Swedish_Grand_Prix" title="1975 Swedish Grand Prix">1975 Swedish Grand Prix</a>)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Points</th><td class="infobox-data">6</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Pole_position" title="Pole position">Pole positions</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0 <small>(best grid position: 3rd, <a href="/wiki/1974_United_States_Grand_Prix" title="1974 United States Grand Prix">1974 United States Grand Prix</a>)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Fastest_lap" title="Fastest lap">Fastest laps</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Final entry</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_Grand_Prix_West" title="1976 United States Grand Prix West">1976 United States Grand Prix West</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Vel's Parnelli Jones Racing</b>, commonly referred to simply as <b>Parnelli</b> or <b>VPJ</b>, was a motor racing constructor and team from the United States. The team was formed in 1969 by former <a href="/wiki/United_States_Automobile_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Automobile Club">USAC</a> racer <a href="/wiki/Parnelli_Jones" title="Parnelli Jones">Parnelli Jones</a> and his business partner <a href="/w/index.php?title=Velko_Miletich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Velko Miletich (page does not exist)">Velko "Vel" Miletich</a>. Parnelli was initially solely concerned with USAC racing, where success came quickly; their driver <a href="/wiki/Al_Unser" title="Al Unser">Al Unser</a> won the <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_500" title="Indianapolis 500">Indianapolis 500</a> race in 1970, driving a VPJ Colt, after leading 190 of the 200 racing laps. Unser went on to win the USAC championship. Unser repeated the Indy 500 win in 1971 with a new Colt built without the left side chassis offset that had been made illegal by 1971 rules, ending the season in fourth place in the USAC drivers points while teammate <a href="/wiki/Joe_Leonard" title="Joe Leonard">Joe Leonard</a> won the championship. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Racing">Racing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vel%27s_Parnelli_Jones_Racing&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Racing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Parnelli secured the services of ex-<a href="/wiki/Team_Lotus" title="Team Lotus">Team Lotus</a> designer <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Philippe" title="Maurice Philippe">Maurice Philippe</a> and driver <a href="/wiki/Mario_Andretti" title="Mario Andretti">Mario Andretti</a> for USAC racing in the early 1970s, and in 1974 decided to move into <a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a> racing, with financial support from tire manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Firestone_Tire_and_Rubber_Company" title="Firestone Tire and Rubber Company">Firestone</a>. After a brief foray into Formula One at the end of the <a href="/wiki/1974_Formula_One_season" title="1974 Formula One season">1974</a> season, Vel's Parnelli Jones mounted a full campaign in <a href="/wiki/1975_Formula_One_season" title="1975 Formula One season">1975</a>. Their <a href="/wiki/Parnelli_VPJ4" title="Parnelli VPJ4">Parnelli VPJ4</a> car owed much to Philippe's <a href="/wiki/Lotus_72" title="Lotus 72">Lotus 72</a> design. It appeared for the North American races at the end of the 1974 season and was gradually developed through 1975. However, Firestone's decision to quit racing at the end of 1974 meant that a major partner was lost. Jones was unable to find a replacement title sponsor and despite improvements made to the car the team folded only three races into the <a href="/wiki/1976_Formula_One_season" title="1976 Formula One season">1976</a> season. Andretti only learned of the Formula One team's future from journalist <a href="/wiki/Chris_Economaki" title="Chris Economaki">Chris Economaki</a>, as he sat in the car on the grid for the <a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_Grand_Prix_West" title="1976 United States Grand Prix West">Long Beach Grand Prix</a>. This led to some bad feeling between Andretti and Jones, and Andretti returned to <a href="/wiki/Team_Lotus" title="Team Lotus">Lotus</a> for the remainder of the season. In total, Vel's Parnelli Jones participated in 16 Grands Prix and scored 6 championship points. </p><p>Concurrent with the Formula One venture, VPJ was developing a <a href="/wiki/Turbocharger" title="Turbocharger">turbocharged</a> version of <a href="/wiki/Cosworth" title="Cosworth">Cosworth</a>'s legendary <a href="/wiki/Cosworth_DFV" title="Cosworth DFV">DFV</a> <a href="/wiki/V8_engine" title="V8 engine">V8</a> Formula One engine, building on their experience from the previous two years. It was developed at their facility in <a href="/wiki/Torrance,_California" title="Torrance, California">Torrance, California</a>, under the direction of engine builder Larry Slutter and dyno engineer Takeo "Chickie" Hirashima. The car debuted at the Speedway in 1975 in a modified Indy version of the Formula One Parnelli chassis, although it was not run regularly until late in 1976. This private project was quickly adopted by Cosworth itself, and the Parnelli engine evolved into the equally legendary <a href="/wiki/Cosworth_DFX" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosworth DFX">Cosworth DFX</a>, an engine which would go on to win every Indianapolis 500 race and USAC/<a href="/wiki/Champ_Car" class="mw-redirect" title="Champ Car">CART</a> Championship between 1978 and 1987. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="IndyCar_champions">IndyCar champions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vel%27s_Parnelli_Jones_Racing&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: IndyCar champions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%"> <tbody><tr> <th><b>Year</b> </th> <th><b>Champion</b> </th> <th><b>Wins</b> </th> <th><b>Chassis</b> </th> <th><b>Engine</b> </th> <th><b>Tires</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1970_USAC_Championship_Car_season" title="1970 USAC Championship Car season">1970</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Al_Unser" title="Al Unser">Al Unser</a> </td> <td>10 </td> <td>Colt,<br /> King </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Firestone_Tire_and_Rubber_Company" title="Firestone Tire and Rubber Company">Firestone</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1971_USAC_Championship_Car_season" title="1971 USAC Championship Car season">1971</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Joe_Leonard" title="Joe Leonard">Joe Leonard</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colt_70" title="Colt 70">Colt 70</a>,<br /> Colt 71 </td> <td>Ford </td> <td>Firestone </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1972_USAC_Championship_Car_season" title="1972 USAC Championship Car season">1972</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> Joe Leonard (2) </td> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Parnelli_VPJ1" title="Parnelli VPJ1">Parnelli VPJ1</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Offenhauser" title="Offenhauser">Offenhauser</a> </td> <td>Firestone </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Indianapolis_500_victories">Indianapolis 500 victories</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vel%27s_Parnelli_Jones_Racing&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Indianapolis 500 victories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%"> <tbody><tr> <th><b>Year</b> </th> <th><b>Champion</b> </th> <th><b>Chassis</b> </th> <th><b>Engine</b> </th> <th><b>Tires</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1970_Indianapolis_500" title="1970 Indianapolis 500">1970</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Al_Unser" title="Al Unser">Al Unser</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colt_70" title="Colt 70">Colt 70</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Firestone_Tire_and_Rubber_Company" title="Firestone Tire and Rubber Company">Firestone</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1971_Indianapolis_500" title="1971 Indianapolis 500">1971</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> Al Unser (2) </td> <td>Colt 71 </td> <td>Ford </td> <td>Firestone </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Complete_Formula_One_results">Complete Formula One results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vel%27s_Parnelli_Jones_Racing&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Complete Formula One results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="overflow-x: auto; margin: 1em 0"> <p>(<a href="/wiki/Template:F1_driver_results_legend_5" title="Template:F1 driver results legend 5">key</a>) </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Chassis </th> <th>Engine </th> <th>Tires </th> <th>Drivers </th> <th>1 </th> <th>2 </th> <th>3 </th> <th>4 </th> <th>5 </th> <th>6 </th> <th>7 </th> <th>8 </th> <th>9 </th> <th>10 </th> <th>11 </th> <th>12 </th> <th>13 </th> <th>14 </th> <th>15 </th> <th>16 </th> <th>Points </th> <th>WCC </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/1974_Formula_One_season" title="1974 Formula One season">1974</a> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Parnelli_VPJ4" title="Parnelli VPJ4">Parnelli VPJ4</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a> <a href="/wiki/Cosworth_DFV" title="Cosworth DFV">Cosworth DFV</a> <a href="/wiki/V8_engine" title="V8 engine">V8</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/Firestone_Tire_and_Rubber_Company" title="Firestone Tire and Rubber Company"><span style="padding:1px 4px; color:#FF0000; background-color:#FFFFFF; border: 1px solid #DEDFDE;">F</span></a></b> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1974_Argentine_Grand_Prix" title="1974 Argentine Grand Prix">ARG</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1974_Brazilian_Grand_Prix" title="1974 Brazilian Grand Prix">BRA</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1974_South_African_Grand_Prix" title="1974 South African Grand Prix">RSA</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1974_Spanish_Grand_Prix" title="1974 Spanish Grand Prix">ESP</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1974_Belgian_Grand_Prix" title="1974 Belgian Grand Prix">BEL</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1974_Monaco_Grand_Prix" title="1974 Monaco Grand Prix">MON</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1974_Swedish_Grand_Prix" title="1974 Swedish Grand Prix">SWE</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1974_Dutch_Grand_Prix" title="1974 Dutch Grand Prix">NED</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1974_French_Grand_Prix" title="1974 French Grand Prix">FRA</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1974_British_Grand_Prix" title="1974 British Grand Prix">GBR</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1974_German_Grand_Prix" title="1974 German Grand Prix">GER</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1974_Austrian_Grand_Prix" title="1974 Austrian Grand Prix">AUT</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1974_Italian_Grand_Prix" title="1974 Italian Grand Prix">ITA</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1974_Canadian_Grand_Prix" title="1974 Canadian Grand Prix">CAN</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1974_United_States_Grand_Prix" title="1974 United States Grand Prix">USA</a> </td> <td> </td> <th rowspan="2">0 </th> <th rowspan="2">NC </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mario_Andretti" title="Mario Andretti">Mario Andretti</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">7 </td> <td style="background:#000000; color:white">DSQ </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/1975_Formula_One_season" title="1975 Formula One season">1975</a> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Parnelli_VPJ4" title="Parnelli VPJ4">Parnelli VPJ4</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a> <a href="/wiki/Cosworth_DFV" title="Cosworth DFV">Cosworth DFV</a> <a href="/wiki/V8_engine" title="V8 engine">V8</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/Firestone_Tire_and_Rubber_Company" title="Firestone Tire and Rubber Company"><span style="padding:1px 4px; color:#FF0000; background-color:#FFFFFF; border: 1px solid #DEDFDE;">F</span></a></b><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Goodyear_Tire_and_Rubber_Company" title="Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company"><span style="padding:1px 3px; color:#FEDB00; background-color:#004EA8;">G</span></a></b> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1975_Argentine_Grand_Prix" title="1975 Argentine Grand Prix">ARG</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1975_Brazilian_Grand_Prix" title="1975 Brazilian Grand Prix">BRA</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1975_South_African_Grand_Prix" title="1975 South African Grand Prix">RSA</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1975_Spanish_Grand_Prix" title="1975 Spanish Grand Prix">ESP</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1975_Monaco_Grand_Prix" title="1975 Monaco Grand Prix">MON</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1975_Belgian_Grand_Prix" title="1975 Belgian Grand Prix">BEL</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1975_Swedish_Grand_Prix" title="1975 Swedish Grand Prix">SWE</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1975_Dutch_Grand_Prix" title="1975 Dutch Grand Prix">NED</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1975_French_Grand_Prix" title="1975 French Grand Prix">FRA</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1975_British_Grand_Prix" title="1975 British Grand Prix">GBR</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1975_German_Grand_Prix" title="1975 German Grand Prix">GER</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1975_Austrian_Grand_Prix" title="1975 Austrian Grand Prix">AUT</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1975_Italian_Grand_Prix" title="1975 Italian Grand Prix">ITA</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1975_United_States_Grand_Prix" title="1975 United States Grand Prix">USA</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <th rowspan="2">5 </th> <th rowspan="2">10th </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mario_Andretti" title="Mario Andretti">Mario Andretti</a> </td> <td style="background:#EFCFFF;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">7 </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">17 </td> <td style="background:#EFCFFF;">Ret<span style="margin:0 0.1em 0 0.1em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;"><sup>F</sup></span> </td> <td style="background:#EFCFFF;">Ret </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#DFFFDF;">4 </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#DFFFDF;">5 </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">12 </td> <td style="background:#CFCFFF;">10 </td> <td style="background:#EFCFFF;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#EFCFFF;">Ret </td> <td style="background:#EFCFFF;">Ret </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/1976_Formula_One_season" title="1976 Formula One season">1976</a> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Parnelli_VPJ4B" class="mw-redirect" title="Parnelli VPJ4B">Parnelli VPJ4B</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a> <a href="/wiki/Cosworth_DFV" title="Cosworth DFV">Cosworth DFV</a> <a href="/wiki/V8_engine" title="V8 engine">V8</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/Goodyear_Tire_and_Rubber_Company" title="Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company"><span style="padding:1px 3px; color:#FEDB00; background-color:#004EA8;">G</span></a></b> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1976_Brazilian_Grand_Prix" title="1976 Brazilian Grand Prix">BRA</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1976_South_African_Grand_Prix" title="1976 South African Grand Prix">RSA</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_Grand_Prix_West" title="1976 United States Grand Prix West">USW</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1976_Spanish_Grand_Prix" title="1976 Spanish Grand Prix">ESP</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1976_Belgian_Grand_Prix" title="1976 Belgian Grand Prix">BEL</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1976_Monaco_Grand_Prix" title="1976 Monaco Grand Prix">MON</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1976_Swedish_Grand_Prix" title="1976 Swedish Grand Prix">SWE</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1976_French_Grand_Prix" title="1976 French Grand Prix">FRA</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1976_British_Grand_Prix" title="1976 British Grand Prix">GBR</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1976_German_Grand_Prix" title="1976 German Grand Prix">GER</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1976_Austrian_Grand_Prix" title="1976 Austrian Grand Prix">AUT</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1976_Dutch_Grand_Prix" title="1976 Dutch Grand Prix">NED</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1976_Italian_Grand_Prix" title="1976 Italian Grand Prix">ITA</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1976_Canadian_Grand_Prix" title="1976 Canadian Grand Prix">CAN</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_Grand_Prix" title="1976 United States Grand Prix">USA</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1976_Japanese_Grand_Prix" title="1976 Japanese Grand Prix">JPN</a> </td> <th rowspan="2">1 </th> <th rowspan="2">13th </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mario_Andretti" title="Mario Andretti">Mario Andretti</a> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#DFFFDF;">6 </td> <td style="background:#EFCFFF;">Ret </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-Championship_results">Non-Championship results</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vel%27s_Parnelli_Jones_Racing&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Non-Championship results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>(<a href="/wiki/Template:F1_driver_results_legend_3" title="Template:F1 driver results legend 3">key</a>) </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Chassis </th> <th>Engine </th> <th>Driver </th> <th>1 </th> <th>2 </th> <th>3 </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/1975_Formula_One_season" title="1975 Formula One season">1975</a> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Parnelli_VPJ4" title="Parnelli VPJ4">Parnelli VPJ4</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a> <a href="/wiki/Cosworth_DFV" title="Cosworth DFV">Cosworth DFV</a> 3.0 <a href="/wiki/V8_engine" title="V8 engine">V8</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1975_Race_of_Champions" title="1975 Race of Champions">ROC</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1975_BRDC_International_Trophy" title="1975 BRDC International Trophy">INT</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1975_Swiss_Grand_Prix" title="1975 Swiss Grand Prix">SUI</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mario_Andretti" title="Mario Andretti">Mario Andretti</a> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background:#FFDF9F;">3 </td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vel%27s_Parnelli_Jones_Racing&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chicanef1.com/indiv.pl?name=Parnelli&type=C">"Parnelli's results at formula1.com"</a>. <i>Formula One Results</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Formula+One+Results&rft.atitle=Parnelli%27s+results+at+formula1.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicanef1.com%2Findiv.pl%3Fname%3DParnelli%26type%3DC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVel%27s+Parnelli+Jones+Racing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li>Lyons, P. 2007. <i>Keeping up with the Jones</i>. <b>Motor Sport</b>. LXXXIII/1 (January 2007), 52-59</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vel%27s_Parnelli_Jones_Racing&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vpjracing.com/">VPJ Racing Collection Website</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mario_Andretti" title="Mario Andretti">Mario Andretti</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a> cars</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Parnelli_VPJ4" title="Parnelli VPJ4">VPJ4</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Parnelli_VPJ4" title="Parnelli VPJ4">VPJ4B</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Formula_One_constructors510" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Formula_One_constructors" title="Template:Formula One constructors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Formula_One_constructors" title="Template talk:Formula One constructors"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Formula_One_constructors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Formula One constructors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Formula_One_constructors510" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Formula_One_constructors" title="List of Formula One constructors">Formula One constructors</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2025_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2025 Formula One World Championship">2025 season</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_F1_Team" title="Alpine F1 Team">Alpine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aston_Martin_in_Formula_One" title="Aston Martin in Formula One">Aston Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuderia_Ferrari" title="Scuderia Ferrari">Ferrari</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ferrari_Grand_Prix_results" title="Ferrari Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haas_F1_Team" title="Haas F1 Team">Haas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McLaren" title="McLaren">McLaren</a> (<a href="/wiki/McLaren_Grand_Prix_results" title="McLaren Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_in_Formula_One" title="Mercedes-Benz in Formula One">Mercedes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Grand_Prix_results" title="Mercedes-Benz Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racing_Bulls" title="Racing Bulls">Racing Bulls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Bull_Racing" title="Red Bull Racing">Red Bull</a> (<a href="/wiki/Red_Bull_Racing_Grand_Prix_results" title="Red Bull Racing Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauber_Motorsport" title="Sauber Motorsport">Sauber</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sauber_Grand_Prix_results" title="Sauber Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williams_Racing" title="Williams Racing">Williams</a> (<a href="/wiki/Williams_Grand_Prix_results" title="Williams Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alex_von_Falkenhausen_Motorenbau" title="Alex von Falkenhausen Motorenbau">AFM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automobiles_Gonfaronnaises_Sportives" title="Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives">AGS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfa_Romeo_in_Formula_One" title="Alfa Romeo in Formula One">Alfa Romeo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alfa_Romeo_Grand_Prix_results" title="Alfa Romeo Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuderia_AlphaTauri" title="Scuderia AlphaTauri">AlphaTauri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alta_Car_and_Engineering_Company" title="Alta Car and Engineering Company">Alta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Amon_Racing" title="Chris Amon Racing">Amon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Moda_Formula" title="Andrea Moda Formula">Andrea Moda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollon_(Formula_One)" title="Apollon (Formula One)">Apollon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrows_Grand_Prix_International" title="Arrows Grand Prix International">Arrows</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arrows_Grand_Prix_results" title="Arrows Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arzani-Volpini" title="Arzani-Volpini">Arzani-Volpini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aston_Butterworth" title="Aston Butterworth">Aston-Butterworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automobili_Turismo_e_Sport" title="Automobili Turismo e Sport">ATS (Italy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATS_Wheels" title="ATS Wheels">ATS (Germany)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_American_Racing" title="British American Racing">BAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behra-Porsche" title="Behra-Porsche">Behra-Porsche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellasi" title="Bellasi">Bellasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benetton_Formula" title="Benetton Formula">Benetton</a> (<a href="/wiki/Benetton_Grand_Prix_results" title="Benetton Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW_in_Formula_One" title="BMW in Formula One">BMW</a> (<a href="/wiki/BMW_Grand_Prix_results" title="BMW Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boro_(Formula_One)" title="Boro (Formula One)">Boro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brabham" title="Brabham">Brabham</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brabham_Grand_Prix_results" title="Brabham Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brawn_GP" title="Brawn GP">Brawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Racing_Motors" title="British Racing Motors">BRM</a> (<a href="/wiki/BRM_Grand_Prix_results" title="BRM Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Racing_Partnership" title="British Racing Partnership">BRP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugatti" title="Bugatti">Bugatti</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bugatti_Grand_Prix_results" title="Bugatti Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caterham_F1" title="Caterham F1">Caterham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisitalia" title="Cisitalia">Cisitalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuderia_Coloni" title="Scuderia Coloni">Coloni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connaught_Engineering" title="Connaught Engineering">Connaught</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connew" title="Connew">Connew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooper_Car_Company" title="Cooper Car Company">Cooper</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cooper_Grand_Prix_results" title="Cooper Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallara" title="Dallara">Dallara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Tomaso" title="De Tomaso">De Tomaso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derrington-Francis" title="Derrington-Francis">Derrington-Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_American_Racers" title="All American Racers">Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eifelland" title="Eifelland">Eifelland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emeryson" title="Emeryson">Emeryson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenacher_Motorenwerk" title="Eisenacher Motorenwerk">EMW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89curie_Nationale_Belge" title="Écurie Nationale Belge">ENB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ensign_Racing" title="Ensign Racing">Ensign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Racing_Automobiles" title="English Racing Automobiles">ERA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EuroBrun" title="EuroBrun">EuroBrun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferguson_Research" title="Ferguson Research">Ferguson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fittipaldi_Automotive" title="Fittipaldi Automotive">Fittipaldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fondmetal" title="Fondmetal">Fondmetal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Footwork_Arrows" title="Footwork Arrows">Footwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Force_India" title="Force India">Force India</a> (<a href="/wiki/Force_India_Grand_Prix_results" title="Force India Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racing_Point_Force_India" title="Racing Point Force India">Force India (Racing Point)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forti" title="Forti">Forti</a> (<a href="/wiki/Forti_racing_record" title="Forti racing record">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frazer_Nash" title="Frazer Nash">Frazer Nash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fry_(racing_team)" title="Fry (racing team)">Fry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilby_Engineering" title="Gilby Engineering">Gilby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordini" title="Gordini">Gordini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Greifzu" title="Paul Greifzu">Greifzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesketh_Racing" title="Hesketh Racing">Hesketh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embassy_Hill" title="Embassy Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honda_in_Formula_One" title="Honda in Formula One">Honda</a> (<a href="/wiki/Honda_Grand_Prix_results" title="Honda Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HRT_Formula_1_Team" title="HRT Formula 1 Team">HRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hersham_and_Walton_Motors" title="Hersham and Walton Motors">HWM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Racing" title="Jaguar Racing">Jaguar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBW" title="JBW">JBW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Grand_Prix" title="Jordan Grand Prix">Jordan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jordan_Grand_Prix_results" title="Jordan Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kauhsen" title="Kauhsen">Kauhsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klenk" title="Klenk">Klenk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kojima_Engineering" title="Kojima Engineering">Kojima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurtis_Kraft" title="Kurtis Kraft">Kurtis Kraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuderia_Lancia" title="Scuderia Lancia">Lancia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larrousse" title="Larrousse">Larrousse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LDS_(automobile)" title="LDS (automobile)">LDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LEC_Refrigeration_Racing" title="LEC Refrigeration Racing">LEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leyton_House_Racing" title="Leyton House Racing">Leyton House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_Racing_Engines" title="Life Racing Engines">Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89quipe_Ligier" title="Équipe Ligier">Ligier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lola_Cars" title="Lola Cars">Lola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haas_Lola" title="Haas Lola">Lola (Haas)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MasterCard_Lola" title="MasterCard Lola">Lola (MasterCard)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_Lotus" title="Team Lotus">Lotus (1958–1994)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lotus_Grand_Prix_results" title="Lotus Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_Lotus_(2010%E2%80%932011)" title="Team Lotus (2010–2011)">Lotus (2010–2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_F1" title="Lotus F1">Lotus (2012–2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyncar" title="Lyncar">Lyncar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maki_Engineering" title="Maki Engineering">Maki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_Engineering" title="March Engineering">March</a> (<a href="/wiki/March_Grand_Prix_results" title="March Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automobiles_Martini" title="Automobiles Martini">Martini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marussia_F1" title="Marussia F1">Marussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maserati_in_motorsport" title="Maserati in motorsport">Maserati</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maserati_Grand_Prix_results" title="Maserati Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equipe_Matra_Sports" title="Equipe Matra Sports">Matra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBM_(automobile)" title="MBM (automobile)">MBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McGuire_(Formula_One)" title="McGuire (Formula One)">McGuire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merzario" title="Merzario">Merzario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midland_F1_Racing" title="Midland F1 Racing">Midland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuderia_Milano" title="Scuderia Milano">Milano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minardi" title="Minardi">Minardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modena_(racing_team)" title="Modena (racing team)">Modena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manor_Racing" title="Manor Racing">MRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onyx_Grand_Prix" title="Onyx Grand Prix">Onyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O.S.C.A." title="O.S.C.A.">OSCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osella" title="Osella">Osella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Racing" title="Pacific Racing">Pacific</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Parnelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_Penske" title="Team Penske">Penske</a> (<a href="/wiki/Penske_Grand_Prix_results" title="Penske Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_in_motorsport" title="Porsche in motorsport">Porsche</a> (<a href="/wiki/Porsche_Grand_Prix_results" title="Porsche Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prost_Grand_Prix" title="Prost Grand Prix">Prost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protos_(constructor)" title="Protos (constructor)">Protos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racing_Point_F1_Team" title="Racing Point F1 Team">Racing Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAM_Racing" title="RAM Racing">RAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realpha" title="Realpha">Realpha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebaque" title="Rebaque">Rebaque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renault_in_Formula_One" title="Renault in Formula One">Renault</a> (<a href="/wiki/Renault_Grand_Prix_results" title="Renault Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reynard_Motorsport" title="Reynard Motorsport">Reynard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rial_Racing" title="Rial Racing">Rial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarab_(constructor)" title="Scarab (constructor)">Scarab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scirocco-Powell" title="Scirocco-Powell">Scirocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Racing_Cars" title="Shadow Racing Cars">Shadow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannon_Racing_Cars" title="Shannon Racing Cars">Shannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simtek" title="Simtek">Simtek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_Racing" title="Spirit Racing">Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spyker_F1" title="Spyker F1">Spyker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stebro" title="Stebro">Stebro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewart_Grand_Prix" title="Stewart Grand Prix">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Aguri_F1" title="Super Aguri F1">Super Aguri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surtees_Racing_Organisation" title="Surtees Racing Organisation">Surtees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Societ%C3%A0_Valdostana_Automobili" title="Società Valdostana Automobili">SVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talbot-Lago" title="Talbot-Lago">Talbot-Lago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tec-Mec" title="Tec-Mec">Tec-Mec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tecno_(motorsport)" title="Tecno (motorsport)">Tecno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Racing" title="Theodore Racing">Theodore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuderia_Toro_Rosso" title="Scuderia Toro Rosso">Toro Rosso</a> (<a href="/wiki/Toro_Rosso_Grand_Prix_results" title="Toro Rosso Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Token_Racing" title="Token Racing">Token</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toleman" title="Toleman">Toleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_in_Formula_One" title="Toyota in Formula One">Toyota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojan%E2%80%93Tauranac_Racing" title="Trojan–Tauranac Racing">Trojan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrrell_Racing" title="Tyrrell Racing">Tyrrell</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tyrrell_Grand_Prix_results" title="Tyrrell Grand Prix results">results</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanwall" title="Vanwall">Vanwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veritas_(automobile)" title="Veritas (automobile)">Veritas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Racing" title="Virgin Racing">Virgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Williams_Racing_Cars" title="Frank Williams Racing Cars">Williams (FWRC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Wolf_Racing" title="Walter Wolf Racing">Wolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakspeed" title="Zakspeed">Zakspeed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audi_in_Formula_One" title="Audi in Formula One">Audi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bravo_F1" title="Bravo F1">Bravo F1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadillac_in_Formula_One" title="Cadillac in Formula One">Cadillac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DAMS" title="DAMS">DAMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direxiv" title="Direxiv">Direxiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_(constructor)" title="Dome (constructor)">Dome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Racing" title="First Racing">FIRST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitech_Grand_Prix#Formula_One" title="Hitech Grand Prix">Hitech GP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Finance" title="Phoenix Finance">Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prodrive_F1" title="Prodrive F1">Prodrive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Grand_Prix" title="Stefan Grand Prix">Stefan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_F1_Team" title="US F1 Team">US F1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span style="font-size:85%;">Although World Championship races held in 1952 and 1953 were run to Formula Two regulations, constructors who only participated during this period are included herein to maintain Championship continuity.<br />Constructors whose only participation in the World Championship was in the <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_500" title="Indianapolis 500">Indianapolis 500</a> races between 1950 and 1960 are not listed.</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="American_open-wheel_car_racing_champions370" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_open-wheel_car_racing_champions" title="Template:American open-wheel car racing champions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_open-wheel_car_racing_champions" title="Template talk:American open-wheel car racing champions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_open-wheel_car_racing_champions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American open-wheel car racing champions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="American_open-wheel_car_racing_champions370" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_open-wheel_racing_national_champions" title="List of American open-wheel racing national champions">American open-wheel car racing champions</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/AAA_Contest_Board" title="AAA Contest Board">AAA</a> (1905–1955)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1905_AAA_Championship_Car_season" title="1905 AAA Championship Car season">1905</a>: <a href="/wiki/Barney_Oldfield" title="Barney Oldfield">Barney Oldfield</a></li> <li><span style="color:gray;">1906–1915</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_AAA_Championship_Car_season" title="1916 AAA Championship Car season">1916</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dario_Resta" title="Dario Resta">Dario Resta</a></li> <li><span style="color:gray;">1917–1919</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_AAA_Championship_Car_season" title="1920 AAA Championship Car season">1920</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Chevrolet" title="Gaston Chevrolet">Gaston Chevrolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1921_AAA_Championship_Car_season" title="1921 AAA Championship Car season">1921</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Milton" title="Tommy Milton">Tommy Milton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1922_AAA_Championship_Car_season" title="1922 AAA Championship Car season">1922</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Murphy_(racing_driver)" title="Jimmy Murphy (racing driver)">Jimmy Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1923_AAA_Championship_Car_season" title="1923 AAA Championship Car season">1923</a>: <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Hearne" title="Eddie Hearne">Eddie Hearne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_AAA_Championship_Car_season" title="1924 AAA Championship Car season">1924</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Murphy_(racing_driver)" title="Jimmy Murphy (racing driver)">Jimmy Murphy</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1925_AAA_Championship_Car_season" title="1925 AAA Championship Car season">1925</a>: <a href="/wiki/Pete_DePaolo" title="Pete DePaolo">Pete DePaolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926_AAA_Championship_Car_season" title="1926 AAA Championship Car season">1926</a>: <a href="/wiki/Harry_Hartz" title="Harry Hartz">Harry Hartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1927_AAA_Championship_Car_season" title="1927 AAA Championship Car season">1927</a>: <a href="/wiki/Pete_DePaolo" title="Pete DePaolo">Pete DePaolo</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_AAA_Championship_Car_season" title="1928 AAA Championship Car season">1928</a>: <a href="/wiki/Louis_Meyer" title="Louis Meyer">Louis Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1929_AAA_Championship_Car_season" title="1929 AAA Championship Car season">1929</a>: <a href="/wiki/Louis_Meyer" title="Louis Meyer">Louis Meyer</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930_AAA_Championship_Car_season" title="1930 AAA Championship Car season">1930</a>: <a href="/wiki/Billy_Arnold_(racing_driver)" title="Billy Arnold (racing driver)">Billy Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_AAA_Championship_Car_season" title="1931 AAA Championship Car season">1931</a>: <a href="/wiki/Louis_Schneider" title="Louis Schneider">Louis Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_AAA_Championship_Car_season" title="1932 AAA Championship Car season">1932</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bob_Carey_(racing_driver)" title="Bob Carey (racing driver)">Bob Carey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1933_AAA_Championship_Car_season" title="1933 AAA Championship Car season">1933</a>: <a href="/wiki/Louis_Meyer" title="Louis Meyer">Louis Meyer</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934_AAA_Championship_Car_season" title="1934 AAA Championship Car season">1934</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Cummings_(racing_driver)" title="Bill Cummings (racing driver)">Bill Cummings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_AAA_Championship_Car_season" title="1935 AAA Championship Car season">1935</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kelly_Petillo" title="Kelly Petillo">Kelly Petillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_AAA_Championship_Car_season" title="1936 AAA Championship Car season">1936</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mauri_Rose" title="Mauri Rose">Mauri Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1937_AAA_Championship_Car_season" title="1937 AAA Championship Car season">1937</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wilbur_Shaw" title="Wilbur Shaw">Wilbur Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_AAA_Championship_Car_season" title="1938 AAA Championship Car season">1938</a>: <a href="/wiki/Floyd_Roberts" title="Floyd Roberts">Floyd Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1939_AAA_Championship_Car_season" title="1939 AAA Championship Car season">1939</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wilbur_Shaw" title="Wilbur Shaw">Wilbur Shaw</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_AAA_Championship_Car_season" title="1940 AAA Championship Car season">1940</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rex_Mays" title="Rex Mays">Rex Mays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1941_AAA_Championship_Car_season" title="1941 AAA Championship Car season">1941</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rex_Mays" title="Rex Mays">Rex Mays</a> (2)</li> <li><span style="color:gray;">1942–1945</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_AAA_Championship_Car_season" title="1946 AAA Championship Car season">1946</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ted_Horn" title="Ted Horn">Ted Horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_AAA_Championship_Car_season" title="1947 AAA Championship Car season">1947</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ted_Horn" title="Ted Horn">Ted Horn</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_AAA_Championship_Car_season" title="1948 AAA Championship Car season">1948</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ted_Horn" title="Ted Horn">Ted Horn</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_AAA_Championship_Car_season" title="1949 AAA Championship Car season">1949</a>: <a href="/wiki/Johnnie_Parsons" title="Johnnie Parsons">Johnnie Parsons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_AAA_Championship_Car_season" title="1950 AAA Championship Car season">1950</a>: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Banks" title="Henry Banks">Henry Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_AAA_Championship_Car_season" title="1951 AAA Championship Car season">1951</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tony_Bettenhausen" title="Tony Bettenhausen">Tony Bettenhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_AAA_Championship_Car_season" title="1952 AAA Championship Car season">1952</a>: <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Stevenson" title="Chuck Stevenson">Chuck Stevenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_AAA_Championship_Car_season" title="1953 AAA Championship Car season">1953</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sam_Hanks" title="Sam Hanks">Sam Hanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_AAA_Championship_Car_season" title="1954 AAA Championship Car season">1954</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Bryan" title="Jimmy Bryan">Jimmy Bryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_AAA_Championship_Car_season" title="1955 AAA Championship Car season">1955</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bob_Sweikert" title="Bob Sweikert">Bob Sweikert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Auto_Club" title="United States Auto Club">USAC</a> (1956–1979)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1956_USAC_Championship_Car_season" title="1956 USAC Championship Car season">1956</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Bryan" title="Jimmy Bryan">Jimmy Bryan</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_USAC_Championship_Car_season" title="1957 USAC Championship Car season">1957</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Bryan" title="Jimmy Bryan">Jimmy Bryan</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_USAC_Championship_Car_season" title="1958 USAC Championship Car season">1958</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tony_Bettenhausen" title="Tony Bettenhausen">Tony Bettenhausen</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_USAC_Championship_Car_season" title="1959 USAC Championship Car season">1959</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rodger_Ward" title="Rodger Ward">Rodger Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_USAC_Championship_Car_season" title="1960 USAC Championship Car season">1960</a>: <a href="/wiki/A._J._Foyt" title="A. J. Foyt">A. J. Foyt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_USAC_Championship_Car_season" title="1961 USAC Championship Car season">1961</a>: <a href="/wiki/A._J._Foyt" title="A. J. Foyt">A. J. Foyt</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_USAC_Championship_Car_season" title="1962 USAC Championship Car season">1962</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rodger_Ward" title="Rodger Ward">Rodger Ward</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_USAC_Championship_Car_season" title="1963 USAC Championship Car season">1963</a>: <a href="/wiki/A._J._Foyt" title="A. J. Foyt">A. J. Foyt</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_USAC_Championship_Car_season" title="1964 USAC Championship Car season">1964</a>: <a href="/wiki/A._J._Foyt" title="A. J. Foyt">A. J. Foyt</a> (4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_USAC_Championship_Car_season" title="1965 USAC Championship Car season">1965</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mario_Andretti" title="Mario Andretti">Mario Andretti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_USAC_Championship_Car_season" title="1966 USAC Championship Car season">1966</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mario_Andretti" title="Mario Andretti">Mario Andretti</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_USAC_Championship_Car_season" title="1967 USAC Championship Car season">1967</a>: <a href="/wiki/A._J._Foyt" title="A. J. Foyt">A. J. Foyt</a> (5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_USAC_Championship_Car_season" title="1968 USAC Championship Car season">1968</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Unser" title="Bobby Unser">Bobby Unser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_USAC_Championship_Car_season" title="1969 USAC Championship Car season">1969</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mario_Andretti" title="Mario Andretti">Mario Andretti</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_USAC_Championship_Car_season" title="1970 USAC Championship Car season">1970</a>: <a href="/wiki/Al_Unser" title="Al Unser">Al Unser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_USAC_Championship_Car_season" title="1971 USAC Championship Car season">1971</a>: <a href="/wiki/Joe_Leonard" title="Joe Leonard">Joe Leonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_USAC_Championship_Car_season" title="1972 USAC Championship Car season">1972</a>: <a href="/wiki/Joe_Leonard" title="Joe Leonard">Joe Leonard</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_USAC_Championship_Car_season" title="1973 USAC Championship Car season">1973</a>: <a href="/wiki/Roger_McCluskey" title="Roger McCluskey">Roger McCluskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_USAC_Championship_Car_season" title="1974 USAC Championship Car season">1974</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Unser" title="Bobby Unser">Bobby Unser</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_USAC_Championship_Car_season" title="1975 USAC Championship Car season">1975</a>: <a href="/wiki/A._J._Foyt" title="A. J. Foyt">A. J. Foyt</a> (6)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_USAC_Championship_Car_season" title="1976 USAC Championship Car season">1976</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Johncock" title="Gordon Johncock">Gordon Johncock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_USAC_Championship_Car_season" title="1977 USAC Championship Car season">1977</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tom_Sneva" title="Tom Sneva">Tom Sneva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_USAC_Championship_Car_season" title="1978 USAC Championship Car season">1978</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tom_Sneva" title="Tom Sneva">Tom Sneva</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_USAC_Championship_Car_season" title="1979 USAC Championship Car season">1979</a>: <a href="/wiki/A._J._Foyt" title="A. J. Foyt">A. J. Foyt</a> (7)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Championship_Auto_Racing_Teams" title="Championship Auto Racing Teams">CART/CCWS</a><br />(1979–2007)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_SCCA/CART_Indy_Car_Series" title="1979 SCCA/CART Indy Car Series">1979</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rick_Mears" title="Rick Mears">Rick Mears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_CART_PPG_Indy_Car_World_Series" title="1980 CART PPG Indy Car World Series">1980</a>: <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Rutherford" title="Johnny Rutherford">Johnny Rutherford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_CART_PPG_Indy_Car_World_Series" title="1981 CART PPG Indy Car World Series">1981</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rick_Mears" title="Rick Mears">Rick Mears</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_CART_PPG_Indy_Car_World_Series" title="1982 CART PPG Indy Car World Series">1982</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rick_Mears" title="Rick Mears">Rick Mears</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_CART_PPG_Indy_Car_World_Series" title="1983 CART PPG Indy Car World Series">1983</a>: <a href="/wiki/Al_Unser" title="Al Unser">Al Unser</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_CART_PPG_Indy_Car_World_Series" title="1984 CART PPG Indy Car World Series">1984</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mario_Andretti" title="Mario Andretti">Mario Andretti</a> (4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_CART_PPG_Indy_Car_World_Series" title="1985 CART PPG Indy Car World Series">1985</a>: <a href="/wiki/Al_Unser" title="Al Unser">Al Unser</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_CART_PPG_Indy_Car_World_Series" title="1986 CART PPG Indy Car World Series">1986</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Rahal" title="Bobby Rahal">Bobby Rahal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_CART_PPG_Indy_Car_World_Series" title="1987 CART PPG Indy Car World Series">1987</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Rahal" title="Bobby Rahal">Bobby Rahal</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_CART_PPG_Indy_Car_World_Series" title="1988 CART PPG Indy Car World Series">1988</a>: <a href="/wiki/Danny_Sullivan" title="Danny Sullivan">Danny Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_CART_PPG_Indy_Car_World_Series" title="1989 CART PPG Indy Car World Series">1989</a>: <a href="/wiki/Emerson_Fittipaldi" title="Emerson Fittipaldi">Emerson Fittipaldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_CART_PPG_Indy_Car_World_Series" title="1990 CART PPG Indy Car World Series">1990</a>: <a href="/wiki/Al_Unser_Jr." title="Al Unser Jr.">Al Unser Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_CART_PPG_Indy_Car_World_Series" title="1991 CART PPG Indy Car World Series">1991</a>: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Andretti" title="Michael Andretti">Michael Andretti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_PPG_Indy_Car_World_Series" title="1992 PPG Indy Car World Series">1992</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Rahal" title="Bobby Rahal">Bobby Rahal</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_PPG_Indy_Car_World_Series" title="1993 PPG Indy Car World Series">1993</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Mansell" title="Nigel Mansell">Nigel Mansell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_PPG_Indy_Car_World_Series" title="1994 PPG Indy Car World Series">1994</a>: <a href="/wiki/Al_Unser_Jr." title="Al Unser Jr.">Al Unser Jr.</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_PPG_Indy_Car_World_Series" title="1995 PPG Indy Car World Series">1995</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Villeneuve" title="Jacques Villeneuve">Jacques Villeneuve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_PPG_Indy_Car_World_Series" title="1996 PPG Indy Car World Series">1996</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Vasser" title="Jimmy Vasser">Jimmy Vasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_CART_PPG_World_Series" title="1997 CART PPG World Series">1997</a>: <a href="/wiki/Alex_Zanardi" title="Alex Zanardi">Alex Zanardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_CART_FedEx_Championship_Series" title="1998 CART FedEx Championship Series">1998</a>: <a href="/wiki/Alex_Zanardi" title="Alex Zanardi">Alex Zanardi</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_CART_season" class="mw-redirect" title="1999 CART season">1999</a>: <a href="/wiki/Juan_Pablo_Montoya" title="Juan Pablo Montoya">Juan Pablo Montoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_CART_season" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 CART season">2000</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gil_de_Ferran" title="Gil de Ferran">Gil de Ferran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_CART_season" class="mw-redirect" title="2001 CART season">2001</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gil_de_Ferran" title="Gil de Ferran">Gil de Ferran</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_CART_season" class="mw-redirect" title="2002 CART season">2002</a>: <a href="/wiki/Cristiano_da_Matta" title="Cristiano da Matta">Cristiano da Matta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_CART_season" class="mw-redirect" title="2003 CART season">2003</a>: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Tracy" title="Paul Tracy">Paul Tracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Champ_Car_season" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 Champ Car season">2004</a>: <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Bourdais" title="Sébastien Bourdais">Sébastien Bourdais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Champ_Car_season" class="mw-redirect" title="2005 Champ Car season">2005</a>: <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Bourdais" title="Sébastien Bourdais">Sébastien Bourdais</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Champ_Car_season" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 Champ Car season">2006</a>: <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Bourdais" title="Sébastien Bourdais">Sébastien Bourdais</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Champ_Car_season" class="mw-redirect" title="2007 Champ Car season">2007</a>: <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Bourdais" title="Sébastien Bourdais">Sébastien Bourdais</a> (4)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IndyCar_Series" title="IndyCar Series">IRL / INDYCAR</a><br />(1996–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1996_Indy_Racing_League" title="1996 Indy Racing League">1996</a>: <a href="/wiki/Buzz_Calkins" title="Buzz Calkins">Buzz Calkins</a>/<a href="/wiki/Scott_Sharp" title="Scott Sharp">Scott Sharp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996%E2%80%9397_Indy_Racing_League" title="1996–97 Indy Racing League">1996–97</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tony_Stewart" title="Tony Stewart">Tony Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Indy_Racing_League" title="1998 Indy Racing League">1998</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Br%C3%A4ck" title="Kenny Bräck">Kenny Bräck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Indy_Racing_League" title="1999 Indy Racing League">1999</a>: <a href="/wiki/Greg_Ray" title="Greg Ray">Greg Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Indy_Racing_League" title="2000 Indy Racing League">2000</a>: <a href="/wiki/Buddy_Lazier" title="Buddy Lazier">Buddy Lazier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Indy_Racing_League" title="2001 Indy Racing League">2001</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sam_Hornish_Jr." title="Sam Hornish Jr.">Sam Hornish Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Indy_Racing_League" title="2002 Indy Racing League">2002</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sam_Hornish_Jr." title="Sam Hornish Jr.">Sam Hornish Jr.</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_IndyCar_Series" title="2003 IndyCar Series">2003</a>: <a href="/wiki/Scott_Dixon" title="Scott Dixon">Scott Dixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_IndyCar_Series" title="2004 IndyCar Series">2004</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tony_Kanaan" title="Tony Kanaan">Tony Kanaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_IndyCar_Series" title="2005 IndyCar Series">2005</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dan_Wheldon" title="Dan Wheldon">Dan Wheldon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_IndyCar_Series" title="2006 IndyCar Series">2006</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sam_Hornish_Jr." title="Sam Hornish Jr.">Sam Hornish Jr.</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_IndyCar_Series" title="2007 IndyCar Series">2007</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dario_Franchitti" title="Dario Franchitti">Dario Franchitti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_IndyCar_Series" title="2008 IndyCar Series">2008</a>: <a href="/wiki/Scott_Dixon" title="Scott Dixon">Scott Dixon</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_IndyCar_Series" title="2009 IndyCar Series">2009</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dario_Franchitti" title="Dario Franchitti">Dario Franchitti</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_IndyCar_Series" title="2010 IndyCar Series">2010</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dario_Franchitti" title="Dario Franchitti">Dario Franchitti</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_IndyCar_Series" title="2011 IndyCar Series">2011</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dario_Franchitti" title="Dario Franchitti">Dario Franchitti</a> (4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_IndyCar_Series" title="2012 IndyCar Series">2012</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Hunter-Reay" title="Ryan Hunter-Reay">Ryan Hunter-Reay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_IndyCar_Series" title="2013 IndyCar Series">2013</a>: <a href="/wiki/Scott_Dixon" title="Scott Dixon">Scott Dixon</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_IndyCar_Series" title="2014 IndyCar Series">2014</a>: <a href="/wiki/Will_Power" title="Will Power">Will Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_IndyCar_Series" title="2015 IndyCar Series">2015</a>: <a href="/wiki/Scott_Dixon" title="Scott Dixon">Scott Dixon</a> (4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_IndyCar_Series" title="2016 IndyCar Series">2016</a>: <a href="/wiki/Simon_Pagenaud" title="Simon Pagenaud">Simon Pagenaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_IndyCar_Series" title="2017 IndyCar Series">2017</a>: <a href="/wiki/Josef_Newgarden" title="Josef Newgarden">Josef Newgarden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_IndyCar_Series" title="2018 IndyCar Series">2018</a>: <a href="/wiki/Scott_Dixon" title="Scott Dixon">Scott Dixon</a> (5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_IndyCar_Series" title="2019 IndyCar Series">2019</a>: <a href="/wiki/Josef_Newgarden" title="Josef Newgarden">Josef Newgarden</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_IndyCar_Series" title="2020 IndyCar Series">2020</a>: <a href="/wiki/Scott_Dixon" title="Scott Dixon">Scott Dixon</a> (6)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_IndyCar_Series" title="2021 IndyCar Series">2021</a>: <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lex_Palou" title="Álex Palou">Álex Palou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_IndyCar_Series" title="2022 IndyCar Series">2022</a>: <a href="/wiki/Will_Power" title="Will Power">Will Power</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_IndyCar_Series" title="2023 IndyCar Series">2023</a>: <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lex_Palou" title="Álex Palou">Álex Palou</a> (2)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_IndyCar_Series_teams" title="List of IndyCar Series teams">Championship-winning<br />Teams & Owners</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Dean Van Lines Racing</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Zink" title="Jack Zink">John Zink Racing</a></li> <li>Leader Card Racing</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bignotti" title="George Bignotti">George Bignotti</a></li> <li>Ansted-Thompson Racing</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._J._Foyt_Enterprises" class="mw-redirect" title="A. J. Foyt Enterprises">A. J. Foyt Enterprises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Granatelli" title="Andy Granatelli">Andy Granatelli</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vel's Parnelli Jones Racing</a></li> <li>Lindsey Hopkins Racing</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_American_Racers" title="All American Racers">All American Racers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Racing" title="Patrick Racing">Patrick Racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_Penske" title="Team Penske">Team Penske</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaparral_Cars" title="Chaparral Cars">Chaparral Cars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newman/Haas_Racing" title="Newman/Haas Racing">Newman/Haas Racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truesports" title="Truesports">Truesports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galles_Racing" title="Galles Racing">Galles Racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahal_Letterman_Lanigan_Racing" title="Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing">Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing</a></li> <li>Team Green</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradley_Motorsports" title="Bradley Motorsports">Bradley Motorsports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chip_Ganassi_Racing" title="Chip Ganassi Racing">Chip Ganassi Racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_Menard" title="Team Menard">Team Menard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemelgarn_Racing" title="Hemelgarn Racing">Hemelgarn Racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panther_Racing" title="Panther Racing">Panther Racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forsythe/Pettit_Racing" class="mw-redirect" title="Forsythe/Pettit Racing">Player's Forsythe Racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andretti_Autosport" class="mw-redirect" title="Andretti Autosport">Andretti Autosport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vel%27s_Parnelli_Jones_Racing&oldid=1265797533">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vel%27s_Parnelli_Jones_Racing&oldid=1265797533</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Formula_One_constructors" title="Category:Formula One constructors">Formula One constructors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Formula_One_entrants" title="Category:Formula One entrants">Formula One entrants</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_auto_racing_teams" title="Category:American auto racing teams">American auto racing teams</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_racecar_constructors" title="Category:American racecar constructors">American racecar constructors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1969_establishments_in_the_United_States" title="Category:1969 establishments in the United States">1969 establishments in the United States</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 28 December 2024, at 18:28<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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