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charging</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: battery charging"> <meta name="keywords" content="battery charging"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="battery charging"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 794</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: battery charging</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">614</span> A Data Driven Approach for the Degradation of a Lithium-Ion Battery Based on Accelerated Life Test </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alyaa%20M.%20Younes">Alyaa M. Younes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nermine%20Harraz"> Nermine Harraz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20H.%20Elwany"> Mohammad H. Elwany</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lithium ion batteries are currently used for many applications including satellites, electric vehicles and mobile electronics. Their ability to store relatively large amount of energy in a limited space make them most appropriate for critical applications. Evaluation of the life of these batteries and their reliability becomes crucial to the systems they support. Reliability of Li-Ion batteries has been mainly considered based on its lifetime. However, another important factor that can be considered critical in many applications such as in electric vehicles is the cycle duration. The present work presents the results of an experimental investigation on the degradation behavior of a Laptop Li-ion battery (type TKV2V) and the effect of applied load on the battery cycle time. The reliability was evaluated using an accelerated life test. Least squares linear regression with median rank estimation was used to estimate the Weibull distribution parameters needed for the reliability functions estimation. The probability density function, failure rate and reliability function under each of the applied loads were evaluated and compared. An inverse power model is introduced that can predict cycle time at any stress level given. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accelerated%20life%20test" title="accelerated life test">accelerated life test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inverse%20power%20law" title=" inverse power law"> inverse power law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lithium-ion%20battery" title=" lithium-ion battery"> lithium-ion battery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability%20evaluation" title=" reliability evaluation"> reliability evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weibull%20distribution" title=" Weibull distribution"> Weibull distribution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108960/a-data-driven-approach-for-the-degradation-of-a-lithium-ion-battery-based-on-accelerated-life-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108960.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">168</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">613</span> The Implantable MEMS Blood Pressure Sensor Model With Wireless Powering And Data Transmission</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vitaliy%20Petrov">Vitaliy Petrov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natalia%20Shusharina"> Natalia Shusharina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vitaliy%20Kasymov"> Vitaliy Kasymov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maksim%20Patrushev"> Maksim Patrushev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Evgeny%20Bogdanov"> Evgeny Bogdanov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The leading worldwide death reasons are ischemic heart disease and other cardiovascular illnesses. Generally, the common symptom is high blood pressure. Long-time blood pressure control is very important for the prophylaxis, correct diagnosis and timely therapy. Non-invasive methods which are based on Korotkoff sounds are impossible to apply often and for a long time. Implantable devices can combine longtime monitoring with high accuracy of measurements. The main purpose of this work is to create a real-time monitoring system for decreasing the death rate from cardiovascular diseases. These days implantable electronic devices began to play an important role in medicine. Usually implantable devices consist of a transmitter, powering which could be wireless with a special made battery and measurement circuit. Common problems in making implantable devices are short lifetime of the battery, big size and biocompatibility. In these work, blood pressure measure will be the focus because it’s one of the main symptoms of cardiovascular diseases. Our device will consist of three parts: the implantable pressure sensor, external transmitter and automated workstation in a hospital. The Implantable part of pressure sensors could be based on piezoresistive or capacitive technologies. Both sensors have some advantages and some limitations. The Developed circuit is based on a small capacitive sensor which is made of the technology of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). The Capacitive sensor can provide high sensitivity, low power consumption and minimum hysteresis compared to the piezoresistive sensor. For this device, it was selected the oscillator-based circuit where frequency depends from the capacitance of sensor hence from capacitance one can calculate pressure. The external device (transmitter) used for wireless charging and signal transmission. Some implant devices for these applications are passive, the external device sends radio wave signal on internal LC circuit device. The external device gets reflected the signal from the implant and from a change of frequency is possible to calculate changing of capacitance and then blood pressure. However, this method has some disadvantages, such as the patient position dependence and static using. Developed implantable device doesn’t have these disadvantages and sends blood pressure data to the external part in real-time. The external device continuously sends information about blood pressure to hospital cloud service for analysis by a physician. Doctor’s automated workstation at the hospital also acts as a dashboard, which displays actual medical data of patients (which require attention) and stores it in cloud service. Usually, critical heart conditions occur few hours before heart attack but the device is able to send an alarm signal to the hospital for an early action of medical service. The system was tested with wireless charging and data transmission. These results can be used for ASIC design for MEMS pressure sensor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MEMS%20sensor" title="MEMS sensor">MEMS sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RF%20power" title=" RF power"> RF power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20data" title=" wireless data"> wireless data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oscillator-based%20circuit" title=" oscillator-based circuit"> oscillator-based circuit</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29153/the-implantable-mems-blood-pressure-sensor-model-with-wireless-powering-and-data-transmission" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29153.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">589</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">612</span> ZigBee Wireless Sensor Nodes with Hybrid Energy Storage System Based on Li-Ion Battery and Solar Energy Supply</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chia-Chi%20Chang">Chia-Chi Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chuan-Bi%20Lin"> Chuan-Bi Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chia-Min%20Chan"> Chia-Min Chan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Most ZigBee sensor networks to date make use of nodes with limited processing, communication, and energy capabilities. Energy consumption is of great importance in wireless sensor applications as their nodes are commonly battery-driven. Once ZigBee nodes are deployed outdoors, limited power may make a sensor network useless before its purpose is complete. At present, there are two strategies for long node and network lifetime. The first strategy is saving energy as much as possible. The energy consumption will be minimized through switching the node from active mode to sleep mode and routing protocol with ultra-low energy consumption. The second strategy is to evaluate the energy consumption of sensor applications as accurately as possible. Erroneous energy model may render a ZigBee sensor network useless before changing batteries. In this paper, we present a ZigBee wireless sensor node with four key modules: a processing and radio unit, an energy harvesting unit, an energy storage unit, and a sensor unit. The processing unit uses CC2530 for controlling the sensor, carrying out routing protocol, and performing wireless communication with other nodes. The harvesting unit uses a 2W solar panel to provide lasting energy for the node. The storage unit consists of a rechargeable 1200 mAh Li-ion battery and a battery charger using a constant-current/constant-voltage algorithm. Our solution to extend node lifetime is implemented. Finally, a long-term sensor network test is used to exhibit the functionality of the solar powered system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZigBee" title="ZigBee">ZigBee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li-ion%20battery" title=" Li-ion battery"> Li-ion battery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20panel" title=" solar panel"> solar panel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CC2530" title=" CC2530 "> CC2530 </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10028/zigbee-wireless-sensor-nodes-with-hybrid-energy-storage-system-based-on-li-ion-battery-and-solar-energy-supply" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10028.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">611</span> A Global Perspective on Neuropsychology: The Multicultural Neuropsychological Scale</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T%C3%BCnde%20Tifordi%C3%A1na%20Simonyi">Tünde Tifordiána Simonyi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T%C3%ADmea%20Harmath-T%C3%A1nczos"> Tímea Harmath-Tánczos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The primary aim of the current research is to present the significance of a multicultural perspective in clinical neuropsychology and to present the test battery of the Multicultural Neuropsychological Scale (MUNS). The method includes the MUNS screening tool that involves stimuli common to most cultures in the world. The test battery measures general cognitive functioning focusing on five cognitive domains (memory, executive function, language, visual construction, and attention) tested with seven subtests that can be utilized within a wide age range (15-89), and lower and higher education participants. It is a scale that is sensitive to mild cognitive impairments. Our study presents the first results with the Hungarian translation of MUNS on a healthy sample. The education range was 4-25 years of schooling. The Hungarian sample was recruited by snowball sampling. Within the investigated population (N=151) the age curve follows an inverted U-shaped curve regarding cognitive performance with a high load on memory. Age, reading fluency, and years of education significantly influenced test scores. The sample was tested twice within a 14-49 days interval to determine test-retest reliability, which is satisfactory. Besides the findings of the study and the introduction of the test battery, the article also highlights its potential benefits for both research and clinical neuropsychological practice. The importance of adapting, validating and standardizing the test in other languages besides the Hungarian language context is also stressed. This test battery could serve as a helpful tool in mapping general cognitive functions in psychiatric and neurological disorders regardless of the cultural background of the patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=general%20cognitive%20functioning" title="general cognitive functioning">general cognitive functioning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multicultural" title=" multicultural"> multicultural</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MUNS" title=" MUNS"> MUNS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuropsychological%20test%20battery" title=" neuropsychological test battery"> neuropsychological test battery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167811/a-global-perspective-on-neuropsychology-the-multicultural-neuropsychological-scale" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167811.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">109</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">610</span> Obtaining Norms for Arabic Translated Version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) Neuropsychological Battery in Normal Elderly Omanis Attending a Tertiary Hospital in Oman</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ammar%20Alobaidy">Ammar Alobaidy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lamees%20Alsawafi"> Lamees Alsawafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malak%20Almawali"> Malak Almawali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Balqees%20Alabri"> Balqees Alabri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hajer%20Alhamrashdi"> Hajer Alhamrashdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: There is scarce data in the literature concerning the use of Arabic version neuron psychological cognitive tests in the geriatric age group of the Omani population. Objectives: Our aim is to obtain norms for normal elderly Omanis assessed by The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's disease (CERAD) neuro psychological battery and to compare these norms with other studies in the literature. Methods: 84 attendants and visitors of in-patients at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, elder than 55 years, were interviewed. All participants were assessed by Dementia Rating Scale & Geriatric Depression Scale to ensure the integrity of their activities of daily living and the absence of depression, respectively. The performance of all participants in the CERAD battery was rated by a single rater to optimize the inter-rater reliability. Results: The cut-point for average performance in CERAD battery is dependent on the age, sex, and level of education and cannot be set as a single cut-point for all elderly Omanis. Conclusion: This study has shown the effect of age, sex, and level of education on the cognitive performance of normal elderly Omanis. The normative data obtained from this study can be utilized to differentiate between the cognitive decline of normal aging and the cognitive impairment due to various neuro cognitive disorders in the elderly Omanis, and probably culturally similar Arabic speaking communities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CERAD" title="CERAD">CERAD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuropsychological%20battery" title=" neuropsychological battery"> neuropsychological battery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=normal%20aging" title=" normal aging"> normal aging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elderly%20Omanis" title=" elderly Omanis"> elderly Omanis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18881/obtaining-norms-for-arabic-translated-version-of-the-consortium-to-establish-a-registry-for-alzheimers-disease-cerad-neuropsychological-battery-in-normal-elderly-omanis-attending-a-tertiary-hospital-in-oman" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18881.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">371</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">609</span> Digital Control Techniques for Power Electronic Devices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rakesh%20Krishna">Rakesh Krishna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abhishek%20Poddar"> Abhishek Poddar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper discusses the work carried out on the implementation of control techniques like Digital Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) and Digital Pulse Fired control(PFC). These techniques are often used in devices like inverters, battery chargers, DC-to-DC converters can also be implemented on household devices like heaters. The advantage being the control and improved life span of device. In case of batteries using these techniques are known to increase the life span of battery in mobiles and other hand-held devices. 8051 microcontroller is used to implement these methods.Thyristors are used for switching operations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PWM" title="PWM">PWM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SVM" title=" SVM"> SVM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PFC" title=" PFC"> PFC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bidirectional%20inverters" title=" bidirectional inverters"> bidirectional inverters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=snubber" title=" snubber"> snubber</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16520/digital-control-techniques-for-power-electronic-devices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16520.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">572</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">608</span> Rapid Processing Techniques Applied to Sintered Nickel Battery Technologies for Utility Scale Applications </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20D.%20Marinaccio">J. D. Marinaccio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Mabbett"> I. Mabbett</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Glover"> C. Glover</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Worsley"> D. Worsley </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Through use of novel modern/rapid processing techniques such as screen printing and Near-Infrared (NIR) radiative curing, process time for the sintering of sintered nickel plaques, applicable to alkaline nickel battery chemistries, has been drastically reduced from in excess of 200 minutes with conventional convection methods to below 2 minutes using NIR curing methods. Steps have also been taken to remove the need for forming gas as a reducing agent by implementing carbon as an in-situ reducing agent, within the ink formulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=batteries" title="batteries">batteries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy" title=" energy"> energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron" title=" iron"> iron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nickel" title=" nickel"> nickel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storage" title=" storage "> storage </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28418/rapid-processing-techniques-applied-to-sintered-nickel-battery-technologies-for-utility-scale-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28418.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">439</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">607</span> Fill Rate Window as a Criterion for Spares Allocation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Dreyfuss">Michael Dreyfuss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yahel%20Giat"> Yahel Giat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Limited battery range and long recharging times are the greatest obstacles to the successful adoption of electric cars. One of the suggestions to overcome these problems is that carmakers retain ownership of batteries and provide battery swapping service so that customers exchange their depleted batteries for recharged batteries. Motivated by this example, we consider the problem of optimal spares allocation in an exchangeable-item, multi-location repair system. We generalize the standard service measures of fill rate and average waiting time to reflect the fact that customers penalize the service provider only if they have to wait more than a ‘tolerable’ time window. These measures are denoted as the window fill rate and the truncated waiting time, respectively. We find that the truncated waiting time is convex and therefore a greedy algorithm solves the spares allocation problem efficiently. We show that the window fill rate is generally S-shaped and describe an efficient algorithm to find a near-optimal solution and detail a priori and a posteriori upper bounds to the distance from optimum. The theory is complemented with a large scale numerical example demonstrating the spare battery allocation in battery swapping stations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convex-concave%20optimization" title="convex-concave optimization">convex-concave optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exchangeable%20item" title=" exchangeable item"> exchangeable item</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M%2FG%2Finfinity" title=" M/G/infinity"> M/G/infinity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20location" title=" multiple location"> multiple location</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=repair%20system" title=" repair system"> repair system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spares%20allocation" title=" spares allocation"> spares allocation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=window%20fill%20rate" title=" window fill rate"> window fill rate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35185/fill-rate-window-as-a-criterion-for-spares-allocation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35185.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">493</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">606</span> Assessment and Evaluation of Football Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bulus%20Kpame">Bulus Kpame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mukhtar%20Mohammed%20Alhaji"> Mukhtar Mohammed Alhaji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Garba%20Jibril"> Garba Jibril</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In any team sport, the most important variables that should be used to measure performance are physical condition, and technical and tactical performance. In a complex game like football, it is extremely difficult to measure the relative importance of each of these variables. However, physical fitness itself has been shown to consist of several components, like endurance, strength, flexibility, agility, coordination and speed. Each of these components has been shown to consist of several subcomponents. This paper attempts to describe a test battery to assess and evaluate physical performance in football players. This battery comprises a functional, structured training session of about 2.5hrs. it consists of quality rating of the warm-up procedure, tests of flexibility, football skills, power, speed, and endurance. Acceptable values for performance in each of the tests are also presented under each test. It is hoped that this battery of tests will be helpful to the coach in determining the effect of a specific training program. It would also be helpful to train physician and trainer, to monitor progress during rehabilitation after sustaining any injury. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assessment" title="assessment">assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaluation" title=" evaluation"> evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=programs" title=" programs"> programs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30325/assessment-and-evaluation-of-football-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30325.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">408</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">605</span> Energy Management Method in DC Microgrid Based on the Equivalent Hydrogen Consumption Minimum Strategy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying%20Han">Ying Han</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weirong%20Chen"> Weirong Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qi%20Li"> Qi Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An energy management method based on equivalent hydrogen consumption minimum strategy is proposed in this paper aiming at the direct-current (DC) microgrid consisting of photovoltaic cells, fuel cells, energy storage devices, converters and DC loads. The rational allocation of fuel cells and battery devices is achieved by adopting equivalent minimum hydrogen consumption strategy with the full use of power generated by photovoltaic cells. Considering the balance of the battery’s state of charge (SOC), the optimal power of the battery under different SOC conditions is obtained and the reference output power of the fuel cell is calculated. And then a droop control method based on time-varying droop coefficient is proposed to realize the automatic charge and discharge control of the battery, balance the system power and maintain the bus voltage. The proposed control strategy is verified by RT-LAB hardware-in-the-loop simulation platform. The simulation results show that the designed control algorithm can realize the rational allocation of DC micro-grid energy and improve the stability of system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DC%20microgrid" title="DC microgrid">DC microgrid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalent%20minimum%20hydrogen%20consumption%20strategy" title=" equivalent minimum hydrogen consumption strategy"> equivalent minimum hydrogen consumption strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20management" title=" energy management"> energy management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time-varying%20droop%20coefficient" title=" time-varying droop coefficient"> time-varying droop coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=droop%20control" title=" droop control"> droop control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64086/energy-management-method-in-dc-microgrid-based-on-the-equivalent-hydrogen-consumption-minimum-strategy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64086.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">303</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">604</span> Intelligent Electric Vehicle Charging System (IEVCS)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prateek%20Saxena">Prateek Saxena</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjeev%20Singh"> Sanjeev Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julius%20Roy"> Julius Roy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The security of the power distribution grid remains a paramount to the utility professionals while enhancing and making it more efficient. The most serious threat to the system can be maintaining the transformers, as the load is ever increasing with the addition of elements like electric vehicles. In this paper, intelligent transformer monitoring and grid management has been proposed. The engineering is done to use the evolving data from the smart meter for grid analytics and diagnostics for preventive maintenance. The two-tier architecture for hardware and software integration is coupled to form a robust system for the smart grid. The proposal also presents interoperable meter standards for easy integration. Distribution transformer analytics based on real-time data benefits utilities preventing outages, protects the revenue loss, improves the return on asset and reduces overall maintenance cost by predictive monitoring. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20vehicle%20charging" title="electric vehicle charging">electric vehicle charging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transformer%20monitoring" title=" transformer monitoring"> transformer monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20analytics" title=" data analytics"> data analytics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intelligent%20grid" title=" intelligent grid"> intelligent grid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27443/intelligent-electric-vehicle-charging-system-ievcs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27443.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">791</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">603</span> Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting by Using a Rectenna with a Metamaterial Lens</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ursula%20D.%20C.%20Resende">Ursula D. C. Resende</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fabiano%20S.%20Bicalho"> Fabiano S. Bicalho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandro%20T.%20M.%20Gon%C3%A7alves"> Sandro T. M. Gonçalves</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The growing demand for cheap and clean energy sources have been motivated by the study and development of distinct technologies and devices able to provide different amounts of energy. In order to supply energy for small loads, the energy from the electromagnetic spectrum can be harvested. This possibility is particularly interesting because this kind of energy is constantly available in the environment and the number of radiofrequency sources is permanently increasing, due to advances in telecommunications services. A rectenna, which is a combination of an antenna and a rectifier circuit, is an equipment that can efficiently perform the electromagnetic energy harvesting. However, since the amount of electromagnetic energy available in the environment is very small, limited values of power can be harvested by the rectenna. Therefore, several technical strategies have been investigated in order to increase this amount of power. In this work, a metamaterial electromagnetic lens is used to improve the electromagnetic energy harvesting. The rectenna investigated was designed and optimized to charge a Li-Ion battery using the electromagnetic energy from an internet Wi-Fi commercial router model TL-WR841HP operating in 2.45 GHz with maximal output power equal to 18 dBm. The rectenna consists of a high directive antenna, a double voltage rectifier circuit and a metamaterial lens. The printed antenna, constituted of two rectangular radiator elements, was projected and optimized by using the Computer Simulation Software (CST) in order to obtain high directivities and values of S11 parameter below -10 dB in 2.45 GHz. The antenna was printed over a double-sided copper fiberglass substrate, FR4, with characterized relative electric permittivity εr = 4.3 and tangent of losses δ = 0.01. The rectifier circuit, which incorporates a circuit for impedance matching and uses the Schottky diode HSMS-2852, was projected and optimized by using Advanced Design Software (ADS) and built over the same FR4 substrate. The metamaterial cell is composed of two Square Split Ring Resonator (S-SRR) and a thin wire in order to operate with negative values of εr and relative magnetic permeability in 2.45 GHz. In order to evaluate the performance of the purposed rectenna two experimental charging tests were performed, one without and other with the metamaterial lens. The result obtained demonstrate that the electromagnetic lens was able to significantly increase the levels of electric current delivered to the battery, approximately 44%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromagnetic%20energy%20harvesting" title="electromagnetic energy harvesting">electromagnetic energy harvesting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromagnetic%20lens" title=" electromagnetic lens"> electromagnetic lens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metamaterial" title=" metamaterial"> metamaterial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rectenna" title=" rectenna"> rectenna</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107084/electromagnetic-energy-harvesting-by-using-a-rectenna-with-a-metamaterial-lens" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107084.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">602</span> Development and Metrological Validation of a Control Strategy in Embedded Island Grids Using Battery-Hybrid-Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Wilkening">L. Wilkening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Ackermann"> G. Ackermann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20T.%20Do"> T. T. Do</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article presents an approach for stand-alone and grid-connected mode of a German low-voltage grid with high share of photovoltaic. For this purpose, suitable dynamic system models have been developed. This allows the simulation of dynamic events in very small time ranges and the operation management over longer periods of time. Using these simulations, suitable control parameters could be identified, and their effects on the grid can be analyzed. In order to validate the simulation results, a LV-grid test bench has been implemented at the University of Technology Hamburg. The developed control strategies are to be validated using real inverters, generators and different realistic loads. It is shown that a battery hybrid system installed next to a voltage transformer makes it possible to operate the LV-grid in stand-alone mode without using additional information and communication technology and without intervention in the existing grid units. By simulating critical days of the year, suitable control parameters for stable stand-alone operations are determined and set point specifications for different control strategies are defined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=battery" title="battery">battery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-mobility" title=" e-mobility"> e-mobility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic" title=" photovoltaic"> photovoltaic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20grid" title=" smart grid"> smart grid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97083/development-and-metrological-validation-of-a-control-strategy-in-embedded-island-grids-using-battery-hybrid-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97083.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">601</span> Design and Development of Compact 1KW Floating Battery Discharge Regulator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Sreedevi">A. Sreedevi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Anantaramu"> G. Anantaramu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present space research organizations are striving towards the development of lighter, smaller, more efficient, low cost, and highly reliable power supply. Switch mode power supplies (SMPS) overcome the demerits of linear power supplies such as low efficiency, difficulties in thermal management, and in boosting the output voltage. Space applications require a constant DC voltage to supply its load. As the load varies, the battery terminal voltage tends to vary accordingly. To avoid this variation in the load terminal voltage, a DC-DC regulator is required. The conventional regulator for space applications is isolated boost topology. The proposed topology uses an interleaved push-pull converter with a current doubler secondary to reduce the EMI issues and increase efficiency. The proposed topology uses a floating technique where the converter derives power from the battery and generates only the voltage that is required to fill the gap between the bus and the battery voltage. The direct voltage sense and current loop provide tight regulation of output and better stability. Converter is designed with 50 kHz switching frequency using UC 1825 PWM controller employing both voltage and peak current mode control. Experimental tests have been carried out on the converter under different input and load conditions to validate the design. The experimental results showed that the efficiency was greater than 91%. Stability analysis is done using venable stability analyzer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=push%20pull%20converter" title="push pull converter">push pull converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current%20doubler" title=" current doubler"> current doubler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=converter" title=" converter"> converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PWM%20control" title=" PWM control"> PWM control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130512/design-and-development-of-compact-1kw-floating-battery-discharge-regulator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130512.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">103</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">600</span> A Comparison Between the Internal Combustion Engine and Electric Motor in the Automobile</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jack%20Mason">Jack Mason</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Pourmovhed"> Ahmad Pourmovhed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the internal combustion engine when compared to different types of electric vehicles. The Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)'s overall cost, environmental impact, and usability will all be compared to different types of Electric Vehicles (EVs) including Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) and Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs). Also, the ways to solve the issues of the problems each vehicle presents will be discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interal%20combustion%20engine" title="interal combustion engine">interal combustion engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=battery%20electric%20vehicle" title=" battery electric vehicle"> battery electric vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20cell%20electric%20vehicle" title=" fuel cell electric vehicle"> fuel cell electric vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emissions" title=" emissions"> emissions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143248/a-comparison-between-the-internal-combustion-engine-and-electric-motor-in-the-automobile" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143248.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">599</span> Battery Control with Moving Average Algorithm to Smoothen the Intermittent Output Power of Photovoltaic Solar Power Plants in Off-Grid Configuration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Gillfran%20Samual">Muhammad Gillfran Samual</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rinaldy%20Dalimi"> Rinaldy Dalimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fauzan%20Hanif%20Jufri"> Fauzan Hanif Jufri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Budi%20Sudiarto"> Budi Sudiarto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ismi%20Rosyiana%20Fitri"> Ismi Rosyiana Fitri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Solar energy is increasingly recognized as an important future energy source due to its abundant availability and renewable nature. However, the intermittent nature of solar energy can cause fluctuations in the electricity produced, making it difficult to guarantee a stable and reliable electricity supply. One solution that can be implemented is to use batteries in a photovoltaic solar power plant system with a Moving Average control algorithm, which can help smooth and reduce fluctuations in solar power output power. The parameter that can be adjusted in the Moving Average algorithm is the window size or the arithmetic average width of the photovoltaic output power over time. This research evaluates the effect of a change of window size parameter in the Moving Average algorithm on the resulting smoothed photovoltaic output power and the technical effects on batteries, i.e., power and energy usage. Based on the evaluation, it is found that the increase of window size parameter will slow down the response of photovoltaic output power to changes in irradiation and increase the smoothing quality of the intermittent photovoltaic output power. In addition, increasing the window size will reduce the maximum power received on the load side, and the amount of energy used by the battery during the power smoothing process will increase, which, in turn, increases the required battery capacity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=battery" title="battery">battery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intermittent" title=" intermittent"> intermittent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moving%20average" title=" moving average"> moving average</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic" title=" photovoltaic"> photovoltaic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20smoothing" title=" power smoothing"> power smoothing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186512/battery-control-with-moving-average-algorithm-to-smoothen-the-intermittent-output-power-of-photovoltaic-solar-power-plants-in-off-grid-configuration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186512.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">62</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">598</span> A Study on Unidirectional Analog Output Voltage Inverter for Capacitive Load</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sun-Ki%20Hong">Sun-Ki Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nam-HeeByeon"> Nam-HeeByeon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jung-Seop%20Lee"> Jung-Seop Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae-Sam%20Kang"> Tae-Sam Kang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For Common R or R-L load to apply arbitrary voltage, the bridge traditional inverters don’t have any difficulties by PWM method. However for driving some piezoelectric actuator, arbitrary voltage not a pulse but a steady voltage should be applied. Piezoelectric load is considered as R-C load and its voltage does not decrease even though the applied voltage decreases. Therefore it needs some special inverter with circuit that can discharge the capacitive energy. Especially for unidirectional arbitrary voltage driving like as sine wave, it becomes more difficult problem. In this paper, a charge and discharge circuit for unidirectional arbitrary voltage driving for piezoelectric actuator is proposed. The circuit has charging and discharging switches for increasing and decreasing output voltage. With the proposed simple circuit, the load voltage can have any unidirectional level with tens of bandwidth because the load voltage can be adjusted by switching the charging and discharging switch appropriately. The appropriateness is proved from the simulation of the proposed circuit. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DC-DC%20converter" title="DC-DC converter">DC-DC converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analog%20output%20voltage" title=" analog output voltage"> analog output voltage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sinusoidal%20drive" title=" sinusoidal drive"> sinusoidal drive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piezoelectric%20load" title=" piezoelectric load"> piezoelectric load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discharging%20circuit" title=" discharging circuit "> discharging circuit </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8464/a-study-on-unidirectional-analog-output-voltage-inverter-for-capacitive-load" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8464.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">597</span> Charging-Vacuum Helium Mass Spectrometer Leak Detection Technology in the Application of Space Products Leak Testing and Error Control</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jijun%20Shi">Jijun Shi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lichen%20Sun"> Lichen Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianchao%20Zhao"> Jianchao Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lizhi%20Sun"> Lizhi Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Enjun%20Liu"> Enjun Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chongwu%20Guo"> Chongwu Guo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Because of the consistency of pressure direction, more short cycle, and high sensitivity, Charging-Vacuum helium mass spectrometer leak testing technology is the most popular leak testing technology for the seal testing of the spacecraft parts, especially the small and medium size ones. Usually, auxiliary pump was used, and the minimum detectable leak rate could reach 5E-9Pa•m3/s, even better on certain occasions. Relative error is more important when evaluating the results. How to choose the reference leak, the background level of helium, and record formats would affect the leak rate tested. In the linearity range of leak testing system, it would reduce 10% relative error if the reference leak with larger leak rate was used, and the relative error would reduce obviously if the background of helium was low efficiently, the record format of decimal was used, and the more stable data were recorded. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leak%20testing" title="leak testing">leak testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spacecraft%20parts" title=" spacecraft parts"> spacecraft parts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relative%20error" title=" relative error"> relative error</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=error%20control" title=" error control"> error control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62233/charging-vacuum-helium-mass-spectrometer-leak-detection-technology-in-the-application-of-space-products-leak-testing-and-error-control" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62233.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">456</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">596</span> A Distributed Smart Battery Management System – sBMS, for Stationary Energy Storage Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ant%C3%B3nio%20J.%20Gano">António J. Gano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carmen%20Rangel"> Carmen Rangel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Currently, electric energy storage systems for stationary applications have known an increasing interest, namely with the integration of local renewable energy power sources into energy communities. Li-ion batteries are considered the leading electric storage devices to achieve this integration, and Battery Management Systems (BMS) are decisive for their control and optimum performance. In this work, the advancement of a smart BMS (sBMS) prototype with a modular distributed topology is described. The system, still under development, has a distributed architecture with modular characteristics to operate with different battery pack topologies and charge capacities, integrating adaptive algorithms for functional state real-time monitoring and management of multicellular Li-ion batteries, and is intended for application in the context of a local energy community fed by renewable energy sources. This sBMS system includes different developed hardware units: (1) Cell monitoring units (CMUs) for interfacing with each individual cell or module monitoring within the battery pack; (2) Battery monitoring and switching unit (BMU) for global battery pack monitoring, thermal control and functional operating state switching; (3) Main management and local control unit (MCU) for local sBMS’s management and control, also serving as a communications gateway to external systems and devices. This architecture is fully expandable to battery packs with a large number of cells, or modules, interconnected in series, as the several units have local data acquisition and processing capabilities, communicating over a standard CAN bus and will be able to operate almost autonomously. The CMU units are intended to be used with Li-ion cells but can be used with other cell chemistries, with output voltages within the 2.5 to 5 V range. The different unit’s characteristics and specifications are described, including the different implemented hardware solutions. The developed hardware supports both passive and active methods for charge equalization, considered fundamental functionalities for optimizing the performance and the useful lifetime of a Li-ion battery package. The functional characteristics of the different units of this sBMS system, including different process variables data acquisition using a flexible set of sensors, can support the development of custom algorithms for estimating the parameters defining the functional states of the battery pack (State-of-Charge, State-of-Health, etc.) as well as different charge equalizing strategies and algorithms. This sBMS system is intended to interface with other systems and devices using standard communication protocols, like those used by the Internet of Things. In the future, this sBMS architecture can evolve to a fully decentralized topology, with all the units using Wi-Fi protocols and integrating a mesh network, making unnecessary the MCU unit. The status of the work in progress is reported, leading to conclusions on the system already executed, considering the implemented hardware solution, not only as fully functional advanced and configurable battery management system but also as a platform for developing custom algorithms and optimizing strategies to achieve better performance of electric energy stationary storage devices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li-ion%20battery" title="Li-ion battery">Li-ion battery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20BMS" title=" smart BMS"> smart BMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stationary%20electric%20storage" title=" stationary electric storage"> stationary electric storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20BMS" title=" distributed BMS"> distributed BMS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164084/a-distributed-smart-battery-management-system-sbms-for-stationary-energy-storage-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164084.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">101</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">595</span> Realization of Sustainable Urban Society by Personal Electric Transporter and Natural Energy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuichi%20Miyamoto">Yuichi Miyamoto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In regards to the energy sector in the modern period, two points were raised. First is a vast and growing energy demand, and second is an environmental impact associated with it. The enormous consumption of fossil fuel to the mobile unit is leading to its rapid depletion. Nuclear power is not the only problem. A modal shift that utilizes personal transporters and independent power, in order to realize a sustainable society, is very effective. The paper proposes that the world will continue to work on this. Energy of the future society, innovation in battery technology and the use of natural energy is a big key. And it is also necessary in order to save on energy consumption. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20energy" title="natural energy">natural energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modal%20shift" title=" modal shift"> modal shift</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personal%20transportation" title=" personal transportation"> personal transportation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=battery" title=" battery"> battery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8079/realization-of-sustainable-urban-society-by-personal-electric-transporter-and-natural-energy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8079.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">409</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">594</span> Evaluation of NoSQL in the Energy Marketplace with GraphQL Optimization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Howard">Michael Howard</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The growing popularity of electric vehicles in the United States requires an ever-expanding infrastructure of commercial DC fast charging stations. The U.S. Department of Energy estimates 33,355 publicly available DC fast charging stations as of September 2023. In 2017, 115,370 gasoline stations were operating in the United States, much more ubiquitous than DC fast chargers. Range anxiety is an important impediment to the adoption of electric vehicles and is even more relevant in underserved regions in the country. The peer-to-peer energy marketplace helps fill the demand by allowing private home and small business owners to rent their 240 Volt, level-2 charging facilities. The existing, publicly accessible outlets are wrapped with a Cloud-connected microcontroller managing security and charging sessions. These microcontrollers act as Edge devices communicating with a Cloud message broker, while both buyer and seller users interact with the framework via a web-based user interface. The database storage used by the marketplace framework is a key component in both the cost of development and the performance that contributes to the user experience. A traditional storage solution is the SQL database. The architecture and query language have been in existence since the 1970s and are well understood and documented. The Structured Query Language supported by the query engine provides fine granularity with user query conditions. However, difficulty in scaling across multiple nodes and cost of its server-based compute have resulted in a trend in the last 20 years towards other NoSQL, serverless approaches. In this study, we evaluate the NoSQL vs. SQL solutions through a comparison of Google Cloud Firestore and Cloud SQL MySQL offerings. The comparison pits Google's serverless, document-model, non-relational, NoSQL against the server-base, table-model, relational, SQL service. The evaluation is based on query latency, flexibility/scalability, and cost criteria. Through benchmarking and analysis of the architecture, we determine whether Firestore can support the energy marketplace storage needs and if the introduction of a GraphQL middleware layer can overcome its deficiencies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-relational" title="non-relational">non-relational</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relational" title=" relational"> relational</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MySQL" title=" MySQL"> MySQL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mitigate" title=" mitigate"> mitigate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Firestore" title=" Firestore"> Firestore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SQL" title=" SQL"> SQL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NoSQL" title=" NoSQL"> NoSQL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=serverless" title=" serverless"> serverless</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=database" title=" database"> database</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GraphQL" title=" GraphQL"> GraphQL</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183740/evaluation-of-nosql-in-the-energy-marketplace-with-graphql-optimization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183740.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">62</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">593</span> Automation Test Method and HILS Environment Configuration for Hydrogen Storage System Management Unit Verification</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaejeogn%20Kim">Jaejeogn Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeongmin%20Hong"> Jeongmin Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jungin%20Lee"> Jungin Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Hydrogen Storage System Management Unit (HMU) is a controller that manages hydrogen charging and storage. It detects hydrogen leaks and tank pressure and temperature, calculates the charging concentration and remaining amount, and controls the opening and closing of the hydrogen tank valve. Since this role is an important part of the vehicle behavior and stability of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEV), verifying the HMU controller is an essential part. To perform verification under various conditions, it is necessary to increase time efficiency based on an automated verification environment and increase the reliability of the controller by applying numerous test cases. To this end, we introduce the HMU controller automation verification method by applying the HILS environment and an automation test program with the ASAM XIL standard. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HILS" title="HILS">HILS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ASAM" title=" ASAM"> ASAM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20cell%20electric%20vehicle" title=" fuel cell electric vehicle"> fuel cell electric vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automation%20test" title=" automation test"> automation test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20storage%20system" title=" hydrogen storage system"> hydrogen storage system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184315/automation-test-method-and-hils-environment-configuration-for-hydrogen-storage-system-management-unit-verification" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184315.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">592</span> Feasibility of Battery Electric Vehicles in Saudi Arabia: Cost and Sensitivity Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tawfiq%20Albishri">Tawfiq Albishri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulmajeed%20Alqahtani"> Abdulmajeed Alqahtani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are increasingly seen as a sustainable alternative to internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, primarily due to their environmental and economic benefits. Saudi Arabia's interest in investing in renewable energy and reducing greenhouse gas emissions presents significant potential for the widespread adoption of BEVs in the country. However, several factors have hindered the adoption of BEVs in Saudi Arabia, with high ownership costs being the most prominent barrier. This cost discrepancy is primarily due to the lack of localized production of BEVs and their components, leading to increased import costs, as well as the high initial cost of BEVs compared to ICE vehicles. This paper aims to evaluate the feasibility of BEVs compared to ICE vehicles in Saudi Arabia by conducting a cost of ownership analysis. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis will be conducted to determine the most significant contributor to the ownership costs of BEVs that, if changed, could expedite their adoption in Saudi Arabia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=battery%20electric%20vehicles" title="battery electric vehicles">battery electric vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20combustion%20engine" title=" internal combustion engine"> internal combustion engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title=" renewable energy"> renewable energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenhouse%20gas%20emissions" title=" greenhouse gas emissions"> greenhouse gas emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20cost%20of%20ownership" title=" total cost of ownership"> total cost of ownership</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166136/feasibility-of-battery-electric-vehicles-in-saudi-arabia-cost-and-sensitivity-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166136.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">85</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">591</span> Flexible Current Collectors for Printed Primary Batteries </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vikas%20Kumar">Vikas Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Portable batteries are reliable source of mobile energy to power smart wearable electronics, medical devices, communications, and others internet of thing (IoT) devices. There is a continuous increase in demand for thinner, more flexible battery with high energy density and reliability to meet the requirement. For a flexible battery, factors that affect these properties are the stability of current collectors, electrode materials and their interfaces with the corrosive electrolytes. State-of-the-art conventional and flexible batteries utilise carbon as an electrode and current collectors which cause high internal resistance (~100 ohms) and limit the peak current to ~1mA. This makes them unsuitable for a wide range of applications. Replacing the carbon parts with metallic components would reduce the internal resistance (and hence reduce parasitic loss), but significantly increases the risk of corrosion due to galvanic interactions within the battery. To overcome these challenges, low cost electroplated nickel (Ni) on copper (Cu) was studied as a potential anode current collector for a zinc-manganese oxide primary battery with different concentration of NH4Cl/ZnCl2 electrolyte. Using electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), we monitored the open circuit potential (OCP) of electroplated nickel (different thicknesses) in different concentration of electrolytes to optimise the thickness of Ni coating. Our results show that electroless Ni coating suffer excessive corrosion in these electrolytes. Corrosion rates of Ni coatings for different concentrations of electrolytes have been calculated with Tafel analysis. These results suggest that for electroplated Ni, channelling and/or open porosity is a major issue, which was confirmed by morphological analysis. These channels are an easy pathway for electrolyte to penetrate thorough Ni to corrode the Ni/Cu interface completely. We further investigated the incorporation of a special printed graphene layer on Ni to provide corrosion protection in this corrosive electrolyte medium. We find that the incorporation of printed graphene layer provides the corrosion protection to the Ni and enhances the chemical bonding between the active materials and current collector and also decreases the overall internal resistance of the battery system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion" title="corrosion">corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20impedance%20spectroscopy" title=" electrical impedance spectroscopy"> electrical impedance spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible%20battery" title=" flexible battery"> flexible battery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene" title=" graphene"> graphene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20current%20collector" title=" metal current collector"> metal current collector</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121047/flexible-current-collectors-for-printed-primary-batteries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121047.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">590</span> Development of a Data-Driven Method for Diagnosing the State of Health of Battery Cells, Based on the Use of an Electrochemical Aging Model, with a View to Their Use in Second Life</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Desplanches%20Maxime">Desplanches Maxime</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Accurate estimation of the remaining useful life of lithium-ion batteries for electronic devices is crucial. Data-driven methodologies encounter challenges related to data volume and acquisition protocols, particularly in capturing a comprehensive range of aging indicators. To address these limitations, we propose a hybrid approach that integrates an electrochemical model with state-of-the-art data analysis techniques, yielding a comprehensive database. Our methodology involves infusing an aging phenomenon into a Newman model, leading to the creation of an extensive database capturing various aging states based on non-destructive parameters. This database serves as a robust foundation for subsequent analysis. Leveraging advanced data analysis techniques, notably principal component analysis and t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding, we extract pivotal information from the data. This information is harnessed to construct a regression function using either random forest or support vector machine algorithms. The resulting predictor demonstrates a 5% error margin in estimating remaining battery life, providing actionable insights for optimizing usage. Furthermore, the database was built from the Newman model calibrated for aging and performance using data from a European project called Teesmat. The model was then initialized numerous times with different aging values, for instance, with varying thicknesses of SEI (Solid Electrolyte Interphase). This comprehensive approach ensures a thorough exploration of battery aging dynamics, enhancing the accuracy and reliability of our predictive model. Of particular importance is our reliance on the database generated through the integration of the electrochemical model. This database serves as a crucial asset in advancing our understanding of aging states. Beyond its capability for precise remaining life predictions, this database-driven approach offers valuable insights for optimizing battery usage and adapting the predictor to various scenarios. This underscores the practical significance of our method in facilitating better decision-making regarding lithium-ion battery management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li-ion%20battery" title="Li-ion battery">Li-ion battery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aging" title=" aging"> aging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagnostics" title=" diagnostics"> diagnostics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20analysis" title=" data analysis"> data analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prediction" title=" prediction"> prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrochemical%20model" title=" electrochemical model"> electrochemical model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regression" title=" regression"> regression</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181516/development-of-a-data-driven-method-for-diagnosing-the-state-of-health-of-battery-cells-based-on-the-use-of-an-electrochemical-aging-model-with-a-view-to-their-use-in-second-life" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181516.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">589</span> Battery Energy Storage System Economic Benefits Assessment on a Network Frequency Control</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kr%C3%A9hi%20Serge%20Agbli">Kréhi Serge Agbli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20Portebos"> Samuel Portebos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Micha%C3%ABl%20Salomon"> Michaël Salomon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Here a methodology is considered aiming at evaluating the economic benefit of the provision of a primary frequency control unit using a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS). In this methodology, two control types (basic and hysteresis) are implemented and the corresponding minimum energy storage system power allowing to maintain the frequency drop inside a given threshold under a given contingency is identified and compared using DigSilent’s PowerFactory software. Following this step, the corresponding energy storage capacity (in MWh) is calculated. As PowerFactory is dedicated to dynamic simulation for transient analysis, a first order model related to the IEEE 9 bus grid used for the analysis under PowerFactory is characterized and implemented on MATLAB-Simulink. Primary frequency control is simulated using the two control types over one-month grid's frequency deviation data on this Simulink model. This simulation results in the energy throughput both basic and hysteresis BESSs. It emerges that the 15 minutes operation band of the battery capacity allocated to frequency control is sufficient under the considered disturbances. A sensitivity analysis on the width of the control deadband is then performed for the two control types. The deadband width variation leads to an identical sizing with the hysteresis control showing a better frequency control at the cost of a higher delivered throughput compared to the basic control. An economic analysis comparing the cost of the sized BESS to the potential revenues is then performed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=battery%20energy%20storage%20system" title="battery energy storage system">battery energy storage system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20network%20frequency%20stability" title=" electrical network frequency stability"> electrical network frequency stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency%20control%20unit" title=" frequency control unit"> frequency control unit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PowerFactor" title=" PowerFactor"> PowerFactor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127919/battery-energy-storage-system-economic-benefits-assessment-on-a-network-frequency-control" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127919.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">588</span> Battery State of Charge Management Algorithm for Photovoltaic Ramp Rate Control</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nam%20Kyu%20Kim">Nam Kyu Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hee%20Jun%20Cha"> Hee Jun Cha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae%20Jin%20Seo"> Jae Jin Seo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong%20Jun%20Won"> Dong Jun Won</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Output power of a photovoltaic (PV) generator depends on incident solar irradiance. If the clouds pass or the climate condition is bad, the PV output fluctuates frequently. When PV generator is connected to the grid, these fluctuations adversely affect power quality. Thus, ramp rate control with battery energy storage system (BESS) is needed to reduce PV output fluctuations. At the same time, for effective BESS operation and sizing the optimal BESS capacity, managing state of charge (SOC) is the most important part. In addition, managing SOC helps to avoid violating the SOC operating range of BESS when performing renewable integration (RI) continuously. As PV and BESS increase, the SOC management of BESS will become more important in the future. This paper presents the SOC management algorithm which helps to operate effectively BESS, and has focused on method to manage SOC while reducing PV output fluctuations. A simulation model is developed in PSCAD/EMTDC software. The simulation results show that the SOC is maintained within the operating range by adjusting the output distribution according to the SOC of the BESS. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=battery%20energy%20storage%20system" title="battery energy storage system">battery energy storage system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ramp%20rate%20control" title=" ramp rate control"> ramp rate control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20integration" title=" renewable integration"> renewable integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SOC%20management" title=" SOC management"> SOC management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72897/battery-state-of-charge-management-algorithm-for-photovoltaic-ramp-rate-control" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72897.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">180</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">587</span> Wind Diesel Hybrid System without Battery Energy Storage Using Imperialist Competitive Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Rezvani">H. Rezvani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Monsef"> H. Monsef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Hekmati"> A. Hekmati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, the use of renewable energy sources has been increasingly great because of the cost increase and public demand for clean energy sources. One of the fastest growing sources is wind energy. In this paper, Wind Diesel Hybrid System (WDHS) comprising a Diesel Generator (DG), a Wind Turbine Generator (WTG), the Consumer Load, a Battery-based Energy Storage System (BESS), and a Dump Load (DL) is used. Voltage is controlled by Diesel Generator; the frequency is controlled by BESS and DL. The BESS elimination is an efficient way to reduce maintenance cost and increase the dynamic response. Simulation results with graphs for the frequency of Power System, active power, and the battery power are presented for load changes. The controlling parameters are optimized by using Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA). The simulation results for the BESS/no BESS cases are compared. Results show that in no BESS case, the frequency control is more optimal than the BESS case by using ICA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title="renewable energy">renewable energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20diesel%20system" title=" wind diesel system"> wind diesel system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=induction%20generator" title=" induction generator"> induction generator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20storage" title=" energy storage"> energy storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imperialist%20competitive%20algorithm" title=" imperialist competitive algorithm"> imperialist competitive algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26408/wind-diesel-hybrid-system-without-battery-energy-storage-using-imperialist-competitive-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26408.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">560</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">586</span> Lifetime Improvement of IEEE.802.15.6 Sensors in Scheduled Access Mode</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Latif%20Adnane">Latif Adnane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20E.%20Ait%20Zaouiat"> C. E. Ait Zaouiat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Eddabbah"> M. Eddabbah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Wireless Body Area Networks, the issue of systems lifetime is a big challenge to complete. In this paper, we have tackled this subject to suggest some solutions. For this aim, we have studied some batteries characteristics related to human body temperature. Moreover, we have analyzed a mathematical model which defines sensors lifetime (battery lifetime). Based on this model, we note that the random access increases the energy consumption, because nodes are waking up during the whole superframe period. Results show that using scheduled mode access of IEEE 802.15.6 maximizes the lifetime function, by setting nodes in the sleep mode in the inactive period of transmission. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=battery" title="battery">battery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20consumption" title=" energy consumption"> energy consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IEEE%20802.15.6" title=" IEEE 802.15.6"> IEEE 802.15.6</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifetime" title=" lifetime"> lifetime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polling" title=" polling"> polling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53736/lifetime-improvement-of-ieee802156-sensors-in-scheduled-access-mode" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53736.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">585</span> The Heating Prosumer: Optimal Simultaneous Use of Heat-Pumps and Solar Panels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youssef%20El%20Makhrout">Youssef El Makhrout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aude%20Pommeret"> Aude Pommeret</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tun%C3%A7%20Durmaz"> Tunç Durmaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper analyses the consequences of a heat pump on the optimal behavior of a prosumer. A theoretical microeconomic model is developed for household heating and electricity consumption to analyze the profitability of installing a solar PV system with a heat pump, battery storage, and grid use. The aim is to present the optimal scenario of investment in renewable energy equipment to cover domestic and heating needs. Simulation data of a French house of 170m² in Chambery are used in this paper. The house is divided into 5 zones with 3 heated zones of 89.4 m² occupied by two people. The analysis is based on hourly data for one year, from 00:00 01/01/2021 to 23:00 31/12/2021. Results indicate that without taking the cost of materials and no financial aid, the most profitable scenario for a household is when he owns solar panels, a heat pump, and battery storage. However, with the costs and financial aid of the French government for energy renovation, the net economic surplus change and the profitability during 20 years are important when the household decides to add a heat pump to existing solar panels. In this scenario, the household can realize 35.84% as a surplus change improvement, but this cannot cover all installation costs. The household can get benefits and cover all installation costs after exploiting financial support in the case of adopting a heat pump. The investment in a battery is still not profitable because of its high cost and the lack of financial aid. Some public policy recommendations are proposed, especially for solar panels and battery storage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=household%E2%80%99s%20heating" title="household’s heating">household’s heating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prosumer" title=" prosumer"> prosumer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electricity%20consumption" title=" electricity consumption"> electricity consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title=" renewable energy"> renewable energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=welfare%20gain" title=" welfare gain"> welfare gain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comfort" title=" comfort"> comfort</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20PV" title=" solar PV"> solar PV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20pumps" title=" heat pumps"> heat pumps</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storage" title=" storage"> storage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179258/the-heating-prosumer-optimal-simultaneous-use-of-heat-pumps-and-solar-panels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179258.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=battery%20charging&page=6" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=battery%20charging&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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