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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Robert Wilson McClaughry</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:30TH-HEAD-OF-THE-CHICAGO-POLICE-DEPARTMENT-General-Superintendent-of-Police-Robert-W.-McClaughry-1891-1893.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/30TH-HEAD-OF-THE-CHICAGO-POLICE-DEPARTMENT-General-Superintendent-of-Police-Robert-W.-McClaughry-1891-1893.jpg/220px-30TH-HEAD-OF-THE-CHICAGO-POLICE-DEPARTMENT-General-Superintendent-of-Police-Robert-W.-McClaughry-1891-1893.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/30TH-HEAD-OF-THE-CHICAGO-POLICE-DEPARTMENT-General-Superintendent-of-Police-Robert-W.-McClaughry-1891-1893.jpg/330px-30TH-HEAD-OF-THE-CHICAGO-POLICE-DEPARTMENT-General-Superintendent-of-Police-Robert-W.-McClaughry-1891-1893.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/30TH-HEAD-OF-THE-CHICAGO-POLICE-DEPARTMENT-General-Superintendent-of-Police-Robert-W.-McClaughry-1891-1893.jpg/440px-30TH-HEAD-OF-THE-CHICAGO-POLICE-DEPARTMENT-General-Superintendent-of-Police-Robert-W.-McClaughry-1891-1893.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Warden of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Penitentiary,_Leavenworth" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Penitentiary, Leavenworth">Leavenworth Prison</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />July 1, 1899 – June 30, 1913</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/General_Superintendent_of_the_Chicago_Police_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="General Superintendent of the Chicago Police Department">General Superintendent of the Chicago Police Department</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />May 18, 1891<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">May 18, 1891</span>)</span> – May 1893<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">May 1893</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-chicagocop_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chicagocop-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hempstead_Washburne" title="Hempstead Washburne">Hempstead Washburne</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Carter_Harrison_Sr." title="Carter Harrison Sr.">Carter Harrison Sr.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Frederick H. Marsh<sup id="cite_ref-chicagocop_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chicagocop-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Michael Brennan<sup id="cite_ref-chicagocop_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chicagocop-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1839-07-22</span>)</span>July 22, 1839<br />Fountain Green, Hancock County, Illinois, United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">November 9, 1920<span style="display:none">(1920-11-09)</span> (aged 81)<br /><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, Illinois</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label">Monmouth Cemetery, Monmouth, Illinois</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Monmouth_College" title="Monmouth College">Monmouth College</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data">Warden, prison reformer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Remedial prison reform</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_Robert_Wilson_McClaughry_(1839%E2%80%931920).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Robert Wilson McClaughry's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Signature_of_Robert_Wilson_McClaughry_%281839%E2%80%931920%29.png/128px-Signature_of_Robert_Wilson_McClaughry_%281839%E2%80%931920%29.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Signature_of_Robert_Wilson_McClaughry_%281839%E2%80%931920%29.png/192px-Signature_of_Robert_Wilson_McClaughry_%281839%E2%80%931920%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Signature_of_Robert_Wilson_McClaughry_%281839%E2%80%931920%29.png/256px-Signature_of_Robert_Wilson_McClaughry_%281839%E2%80%931920%29.png 2x" data-file-width="652" data-file-height="97" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Robert Wilson McClaughry</b> (July 22, 1839 – November 9, 1920) was an early leader in modern penal reform and the warden of several major penitentiaries including the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Penitentiary,_Leavenworth" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Penitentiary, Leavenworth">United States Penitentiary</a> at <a href="/wiki/Leavenworth,_Kansas" title="Leavenworth, Kansas">Leavenworth, Kansas</a>. He was one of the early advocates of remedial instead of purely retributive treatment, and was closely associated with noted prison reformers such as Z. R. Brockway, of New York; General Brinkerhoff, of Ohio, and the two Dr. Wines, of Illinois.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also <a href="/wiki/General_Superintendent_of_the_Chicago_Police_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="General Superintendent of the Chicago Police Department">General Superintendent of the Chicago Police Department</a> from 1891 to 1893. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Wilson_McClaughry&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born on July 22, 1839, at <a href="/wiki/Fountain_Green_Township,_Hancock_County,_Illinois" title="Fountain Green Township, Hancock County, Illinois">Fountain Green</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hancock_County,_Illinois" title="Hancock County, Illinois">Hancock county</a>, Illinois of <a href="/wiki/Scotch-Irish_Americans" title="Scotch-Irish Americans">Scotch-Irish</a> ancestry, he attended public schools near his father's farm. He graduated with honors from <a href="/wiki/Monmouth_College" title="Monmouth College">Monmouth College</a> in Illinois in 1860.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He worked for a year as a professor of <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> at Monmouth College, then as the proprietor of the Carthage Republican newspaper and then enlisted in the 118th Illinois Volunteer Infantry where he became the Captain of Company B.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1862 he was mustered as <a href="/wiki/Major_(rank)" title="Major (rank)">Major</a> and participated in the expedition to <a href="/wiki/Vicksburg_campaign" title="Vicksburg campaign">Vicksburg</a>. He mustered out as Paymaster in October 1865. He campaigned for the re-election of U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> before starting his life's work as a warden and penal reformer. </p><p>In August 1874, he was appointed warden of the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_State_Penitentiary" class="mw-redirect" title="Illinois State Penitentiary">Illinois State Penitentiary</a> at <a href="/wiki/Joliet,_Illinois" title="Joliet, Illinois">Joliet</a>. Fourteen years later he was invited to open and organize the Pennsylvania Industrial Reformatory at Huntington. In August 1893, he was made Superintendent of the Illinois State Reformatory at Pontiac followed by a return to Joliet as warden there in March 1897. On July 1, 1899, U.S. President <a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</a> personally solicited him to be warden of the United States Penitentiary in <a href="/wiki/Leavenworth,_Kansas" title="Leavenworth, Kansas">Leavenworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a> where he served until June 30, 1913. </p><p>He was a pioneer "in creating reliable identification records systems and was ready to implement and evaluate new techniques as they became available. McClaughry was the first person to introduce Bertillonage into the United States in 1887… and he persuaded the Warden's Association of the United States and Canada to adopt the system in the same year."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterian</a>, McClaughry died in Chicago on November 9, 1920. His body was transferred to Monmouth, Illinois for interment where services were held by The Rev. Dr. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hanna_McMichael" title="Thomas Hanna McMichael">Thomas Hanna McMichael</a>, President of Monmouth College, on Nov. 20, 1920.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Wilson_McClaughry&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-chicagocop-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chicagocop_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chicagocop_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chicagocop_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chicagocop.com/history/people/heads-of-the-chicago-police-department/">"HEADS OF THE CHICAGO POLICE DEPARTMENT"</a>. ChicagoCop.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HEADS+OF+THE+CHICAGO+POLICE+DEPARTMENT&rft.pub=ChicagoCop.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagocop.com%2Fhistory%2Fpeople%2Fheads-of-the-chicago-police-department%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Wilson+McClaughry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcMichael1921" class="citation journal cs1">McMichael, T. H. (1921). "Robert Wilson McClaughry: 1839–1920". <i>Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society</i>. <b>13</b> (4): 598–610. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40186803">40186803</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Illinois+State+Historical+Society&rft.atitle=Robert+Wilson+McClaughry%3A+1839%E2%80%931920&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=598-610&rft.date=1921&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40186803%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=McMichael&rft.aufirst=T.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Wilson+McClaughry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWood1895" class="citation book cs1">Wood, David Ward (1895). <i>History of the Republican Party and biographies of its supporters</i>. Lincoln Engraving and Pub. Co. p. 234.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Republican+Party+and+biographies+of+its+supporters&rft.pages=234&rft.pub=Lincoln+Engraving+and+Pub.+Co&rft.date=1895&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=David+Ward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Wilson+McClaughry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTilstone2006" class="citation book cs1">Tilstone, William J. (2006). <i>Forensic Science: An Encyclopedia of History, Methods, and Techniques</i>. ABC-CLIO. p. 20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781576071946" title="Special:BookSources/9781576071946"><bdi>9781576071946</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Forensic+Science%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+History%2C+Methods%2C+and+Techniques&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781576071946&rft.aulast=Tilstone&rft.aufirst=William+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Wilson+McClaughry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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