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Williams <span class="birthdeath note">(1926–2010)</span></h1><h2 class="author_subtitle">Author of <a href="/work/139688" data-workid="139688" data-title="Why-We-Get-Sick-The-New-Science-of-Darwinian-Medicine" target="_top" class="" >Why We Get Sick: The New Science of Darwinian Medicine</a></h2></div><div class="pagecard_messages"><div class="lt_scoreboard "><span class="scoreboard_item"><i class="fa-solid fa-book" aria-hidden="true" data-a11y="true"></i> 14+ Works</span><span class="scoreboard_item"><i class="fa-solid fa-user" aria-hidden="true" data-a11y="true"></i> 829 Members</span><span class="scoreboard_item"><i class="fa-solid fa-feather-alt" aria-hidden="true" data-a11y="true"></i> 6 Reviews</span></div></div></div></section><section class="w_a_section" id="section_about_author" ><h2 class="lt_turndown" id="u_b5ee" data-caret-id="tdc_u_b5ee" data-hidden-id="tdh_u_17ff" data-visible="1" onclick="lt.newauthor.saveSticky("about_author", event);;lt.turndown_toggle(this, event);" href="javascript:void(0);" data-duration="200" data-name="about_author" data-group="worksections" ><i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-up turndown_indicator" id="tdc_u_b5ee" data-turndown-style="chevron" ></i>About the Author</h2><span id="tdh_u_17ff" ><a name="about_author"></a><div class="author_aka tinytext"><p class="alsoknownas">Includes the name: <span id="u_383c95c5" class="lt_itemlist"><span class="ltil_item " ><a href="/author/williamsgeorgechrist&norefer=2">George Christopher Williams</a></span></span></p> <p class="alsoknownas">Also includes: <a href="/author/williamsgeorge-14">George Williams (14)</a></p></div></span></section><section class="w_a_section" id="section_series" ><h2 class="lt_turndown" id="u_f20e" data-caret-id="tdc_u_f20e" data-hidden-id="tdh_u_95b4" data-visible="1" onclick="lt.newauthor.saveSticky("series", event);;lt.turndown_toggle(this, event);" href="javascript:void(0);" data-duration="200" data-name="series" data-group="worksections" ><i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-up turndown_indicator" id="tdc_u_f20e" data-turndown-style="chevron" ></i>Series</h2><span id="tdh_u_95b4" ><a name="series"></a><div class="worklist serieslist"><div id="u_ac837b0d" class="lt_itemlist"><div class="ltil_item " ><a href="/nseries/155596/Atherton-Controversies" class="" >Atherton Controversies</a></div></div></div></span></section><section class="w_a_section" id="section_mainworks" ><h2 class="lt_turndown" id="u_3dc5" data-caret-id="tdc_u_3dc5" data-hidden-id="tdh_u_8ef6" data-visible="1" onclick="lt.newauthor.saveSticky("mainworks", event);;lt.turndown_toggle(this, event);" href="javascript:void(0);" data-duration="200" data-name="mainworks" data-group="worksections" ><i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-up turndown_indicator" id="tdc_u_3dc5" data-turndown-style="chevron" ></i>Works by George C. Williams</h2><span id="tdh_u_8ef6" ><a name="mainworks"></a><div class="section_controls"><div data-value="0" class="lt_pillbox lt_blend_nav small lt_small" id="recent_pillbox" ><a data-value="0" data-onclick="lt.newauthor.sortWorks('williamsgeorgec', 0);" role="button" class="selected" ><span class="ltp_txt">Popular</span></a class="" ><a data-value="1" data-onclick="lt.newauthor.sortWorks('williamsgeorgec', 1);" role="button" class="" ><span class="ltp_txt">Recent</span></a class="" ></div class="" ></div><div class="worklist"><div id="u_964db58c" class="lt_itemlist list"><div class="ltil_item " > <a href="/work/139688" data-workid="139688" data-title="Why-We-Get-Sick-The-New-Science-of-Darwinian-Medicine" class="" >Why We Get Sick: The New Science of Darwinian Medicine</a> <span class="date">(1994)</span> <span class="copies note">445 copies</span><span class="reviews note">, 5 reviews</span></div><div class="ltil_item " > <a href="/work/192870" data-workid="192870" data-title="Adaptation-and-Natural-Selection-A-Critique-of-Some-Current-Evolutionary-Thought" class="" >Adaptation and Natural Selection: A Critique of Some Current Evolutionary Thought</a> <span class="date">(1966)</span> <span class="copies note">138 copies</span></div><div class="ltil_item " > <a href="/work/524245" data-workid="524245" data-title="The-Pony-Fishs-Glow-And-Other-Clues-to-Plan-and-Purpose-in-Nature" class="" >The Pony Fish's Glow: And Other Clues to Plan and Purpose in Nature</a> <span class="date">(1997)</span> <span class="copies note">101 copies</span></div><div class="ltil_item " > <a href="/work/139357" data-workid="139357" data-title="Plan-and-Purpose-In-Nature" class="" >Plan and Purpose In Nature</a> <span class="date">(1996)</span> <span class="copies note">59 copies</span></div><div class="ltil_item " > <a href="/work/379063" data-workid="379063" data-title="Natural-Selection-Domains-Levels-and-Challenges" class="" >Natural Selection: Domains, Levels, and Challenges</a> <span class="date">(1992)</span> <span class="copies note">35 copies</span></div><div class="ltil_item " > <a href="/work/89680" data-workid="89680" data-title="Sex-and-Evolution" class="" >Sex and Evolution</a> <span class="date">(1975)</span> <span class="copies note">28 copies</span></div><div class="ltil_item " > <a href="/work/6716236" data-workid="6716236" data-title="Group-Selection" class="" >Group Selection</a> <span class="date">(1971)</span> <span class="copies note">9 copies</span></div><div class="ltil_item " > <a href="/work/4641377" data-workid="4641377" data-title="De-natuur-als-ontwerper" class="" >De natuur als ontwerper</a> <span class="copies note">5 copies</span></div><div class="ltil_item " > <a href="/work/28430226" data-workid="28430226" data-title="A-ponihal-lampasa-terv-es-cel-a-termeszetben" class="" >A ponihal lampasa terv es cel a termeszetben</a> <span class="date">(1997)</span> <span class="copies note">3 copies</span><span class="reviews note">, 1 review</span></div><div class="ltil_item " > <a href="/work/28085720" data-workid="28085720" data-title="History-of-Thunderegg-Collecting-in-Oregon" class="" >History of Thunderegg Collecting in Oregon</a> <span class="copies note">2 copies</span></div><div class="ltil_item " > <a href="/work/11426170" data-workid="11426170" data-title="Alanson-Hinman-Pioneer-of-1844-A-Story-of-Old-Oregon" class="" >Alanson Hinman - Pioneer of 1844: A Story of Old Oregon</a> <span class="copies note">1 copy</span></div><div class="ltil_item " > <a href="/work/22457060" data-workid="22457060" data-title="Fra-Angelico-Bells-Miniature-Series" class="" >Fra Angelico Bells Miniature Series</a> <span class="date">(1901)</span> <span class="copies note">1 copy</span></div><div class="ltil_item " > <a href="/work/25810181" data-workid="25810181" data-title="Mammals-of-the-Guadiana-Lava-Field-Durango-Mexico" class="" >Mammals of the Guadiana Lava Field Durango, Mexico</a> <span class="copies note">1 copy</span></div><div class="ltil_item " > <a href="/work/32811692" data-workid="32811692" data-title="Natural-Selection" class="" >Natural Selection</a> <span class="copies note">1 copy</span></div></div></div><div class="flex_center"><a value="Work Explorer " value="Work Explorer " class="func_lt2_display_ui lt2button btn btn_rollover_primary btn-lozenge extra_top_space_half btn-sm btn-default" type="button" role="button" href="/author/williamsgeorgec/workexplorer" ><span class="btntxt">Work Explorer <i class="fa-solid fa-angle-right"></i></span></a></div></span></section><section class="w_a_section" id="section_alsoby" ><h2 class="lt_turndown" id="u_2162" data-caret-id="tdc_u_2162" data-hidden-id="tdh_u_e880" data-visible="1" onclick="lt.newauthor.saveSticky("alsoby", event);;lt.turndown_toggle(this, event);" href="javascript:void(0);" data-duration="200" data-name="alsoby" data-group="worksections" ><i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-up turndown_indicator" id="tdc_u_2162" data-turndown-style="chevron" ></i>Associated Works</h2><span id="tdh_u_e880" ><a name="alsoby"></a><div class="worklist"><div id="u_9cc09135" class="lt_itemlist list"><div class="ltil_item " > <a href="/work/5024505" data-workid="5024505" data-title="The-Oxford-Book-of-Modern-Science-Writing" class="" >The Oxford Book of Modern Science Writing</a> <span class="date">(2008)</span> — Contributor — <span class="copies note">811 copies</span><span class="reviews note">, 6 reviews</span></div><div class="ltil_item " > <a href="/work/3153887" data-workid="3153887" data-title="Darwin-Norton-Critical-Edition" class="" >Darwin (Norton Critical Edition)</a> <span class="date">(1970)</span> — Contributor — <span class="copies note">671 copies</span><span class="reviews note">, 4 reviews</span></div></div></div></span></section><section class="w_a_section" id="section_tags" ><h2 class="lt_turndown" id="u_51dc" data-caret-id="tdc_u_51dc" data-hidden-id="tdh_u_1ac5" data-visible="1" onclick="lt.newauthor.saveSticky("tags", event);;lt.turndown_toggle(this, event);" href="javascript:void(0);" data-duration="200" data-name="tags" data-group="worksections" ><i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-up turndown_indicator" id="tdc_u_51dc" data-turndown-style="chevron" ></i>Tagged</h2><span id="tdh_u_1ac5" ><a name="tags"></a><a name="rating"></a><div class="section_controls"><button id="relatedtagsarea_snb" value="Numbers" value="Numbers" class="func_lt2_display_ui lt2button btn btn-sm btn-default" type="button" role="button" onclick="tagcloud_showTagNumbers('relatedtagsarea');" ><span class="btntxt">Numbers</span></button></div><div id="relatedtagsarea" class="hidecount"><div class="tags tagcloud_tags" xstyle="line-height: 2.5em;"> <span class="tag" style="font-size: 1.7em;"><a href="/tag/adaptation" target="_top">adaptation</a><span class="count"> (12)</span> </span> <span class="tag" style="font-size: 0.8em;"><a href="/tag/bees" target="_top">bees</a><span class="count"> (3)</span> </span> <span class="tag" style="font-size: 2.6em;"><b><a href="/tag/biology" target="_top">biology</a></b><span class="count"> (83)</span> </span> <span class="tag" style="font-size: 0.9em;"><a href="/tag/birds" target="_top">birds</a><span class="count"> (4)</span> </span> <span class="tag" style="font-size: 0.9em;"><a href="/tag/book" target="_top">book</a><span class="count"> (4)</span> </span> <span class="tag" style="font-size: 1.2em;"><b><a href="/tag/Darwin" target="_top">Darwin</a></b><span class="count"> (7)</span> </span> <span class="tag" style="font-size: 0.8em;"><a href="/tag/Darwinian%20Medicine" target="_top">Darwinian Medicine</a><span class="count"> (3)</span> </span> <span class="tag" style="font-size: 0.9em;"><b><a href="/tag/Darwinism" target="_top">Darwinism</a></b><span class="count"> (4)</span> </span> <span class="tag" style="font-size: 1.1em;"><a href="/tag/disease" target="_top">disease</a><span class="count"> (6)</span> </span> <span class="tag" style="font-size: 1.3em;"><a href="/tag/ecology" target="_top">ecology</a><span class="count"> (8)</span> </span> <span class="tag" style="font-size: 2.6em;"><b><a href="/tag/evolution" target="_top">evolution</a></b><span class="count"> (125)</span> </span> <span class="tag" style="font-size: 1.5em;"><b><a href="/tag/evolutionary%20biology" target="_top">evolutionary biology</a></b><span class="count"> (10)</span> </span> <span class="tag" style="font-size: 1em;"><b><a href="/tag/evolutionary%20medicine" target="_top">evolutionary medicine</a></b><span class="count"> (5)</span> </span> <span class="tag" style="font-size: 1.5em;"><b><a href="/tag/evolutionary%20theory" target="_top">evolutionary theory</a></b><span class="count"> (10)</span> </span> <span class="tag" style="font-size: 1em;"><a href="/tag/evolutionary%20thought" target="_top">evolutionary thought</a><span class="count"> (5)</span> </span> <span class="tag" style="font-size: 0.8em;"><b><a href="/tag/Fische" target="_top">Fische</a></b><span class="count"> (3)</span> </span> <span class="tag" style="font-size: 1.1em;"><a href="/tag/genetics" target="_top">genetics</a><span class="count"> (6)</span> </span> <span class="tag" style="font-size: 0.9em;"><b><a href="/tag/group%20selection" target="_top">group selection</a></b><span class="count"> (4)</span> </span> <span class="tag" style="font-size: 2.5em;"><a href="/tag/health" target="_top">health</a><span class="count"> (27)</span> </span> <span class="tag" style="font-size: 0.9em;"><a href="/tag/human%20evolution" target="_top">human evolution</a><span class="count"> (4)</span> </span> <span class="tag" style="font-size: 0.9em;"><a href="/tag/insects" target="_top">insects</a><span class="count"> (4)</span> </span> <span class="tag" style="font-size: 0.9em;"><a href="/tag/levels%20of%20selection" target="_top">levels of selection</a><span class="count"> (4)</span> </span> <span class="tag" style="font-size: 0.9em;"><a href="/tag/medical" target="_top">medical</a><span class="count"> (4)</span> </span> <span class="tag" style="font-size: 2.6em;"><b><a href="/tag/medicine" target="_top">medicine</a></b><span class="count"> (48)</span> </span> <span class="tag" style="font-size: 1.1em;"><a href="/tag/natural%20history" target="_top">natural history</a><span class="count"> (6)</span> </span> <span class="tag" style="font-size: 1em;"><a href="/tag/natural%20science" target="_top">natural science</a><span class="count"> (5)</span> </span> <span class="tag" style="font-size: 2.1em;"><b><a href="/tag/natural%20selection" target="_top">natural selection</a></b><span class="count"> (17)</span> </span> <span class="tag" style="font-size: 0.9em;"><a href="/tag/nature" target="_top">nature</a><span class="count"> (4)</span> </span> <span class="tag" style="font-size: 0.9em;"><a href="/tag/Nature%20%26%20General%20Biology" target="_top">Nature & General Biology</a><span class="count"> (4)</span> </span> <span class="tag" style="font-size: 2.6em;"><a href="/tag/non-fiction" target="_top">non-fiction</a><span class="count"> (42)</span> </span> <span class="tag" style="font-size: 0.8em;"><a href="/tag/Paley%20W." target="_top">Paley W.</a><span class="count"> (3)</span> </span> <span class="tag" style="font-size: 0.9em;"><b><a href="/tag/Philosophy%20of%20Biology" target="_top">Philosophy of Biology</a></b><span class="count"> (4)</span> </span> <span class="tag" style="font-size: 0.8em;"><a href="/tag/plants" target="_top">plants</a><span class="count"> (3)</span> </span> <span class="tag" style="font-size: 1.2em;"><a href="/tag/popular%20science" target="_top">popular science</a><span class="count"> (7)</span> </span> <span class="tag" style="font-size: 1.1em;"><a href="/tag/read" target="_top">read</a><span class="count"> (6)</span> </span> <span class="tag" style="font-size: 0.8em;"><a href="/tag/read%20in%20grad%20school%20%28Madison%29" target="_top">read in grad school (Madison)</a><span class="count"> (3)</span> </span> <span class="tag" style="font-size: 2.6em;"><b><a href="/tag/science" target="_top">science</a></b><span class="count"> (81)</span> </span> <span class="tag" style="font-size: 0.8em;"><a href="/tag/S%C3%A4ugetiere" target="_top">Säugetiere</a><span class="count"> (3)</span> </span> <span class="tag" style="font-size: 0.9em;"><a href="/tag/theoretical%20biology" target="_top">theoretical biology</a><span class="count"> (4)</span> </span> <span class="tag" style="font-size: 2.6em;"><a href="/tag/to-read" target="_top">to-read</a><span class="count"> (41)</span> </span> </div></div></span></section><section class="w_a_section" id="section_common_knowledge" ><h2 class="lt_turndown" id="u_26ca" data-caret-id="tdc_u_26ca" data-hidden-id="tdh_u_8790" data-visible="1" onclick="lt.newauthor.saveSticky("common_knowledge", event);;lt.turndown_toggle(this, event);" href="javascript:void(0);" data-duration="200" data-name="common_knowledge" data-group="worksections" ><i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-up turndown_indicator" id="tdc_u_26ca" data-turndown-style="chevron" ></i>Common Knowledge</h2><span id="tdh_u_8790" ><a name="common_knowledge"></a><div id="fwikiContainerTablediv"><dl class="loving comfort joined"><dt>Legal name</dt><dd><a target="_top" href="/commonknowledge/search.php?f=31&exact=1&type=2&q=Williams, George Christopher" data-fieldtype="31" class="" >Williams, George Christopher</a></dd><dt>Birthdate</dt><dd><a target="_top" href="/commonknowledge/search.php?f=8&exact=1&type=2&q=1926-05-12" data-fieldtype="8" class="" >1926-05-12</a></dd><dt>Date of death</dt><dd><a target="_top" href="/commonknowledge/search.php?f=12&exact=1&type=2&q=2010-09-08" data-fieldtype="12" class="" >2010-09-08</a></dd><dt>Gender</dt><dd><a target="_top" href="/commonknowledge/search.php?f=5&exact=1&type=2&q=male" data-fieldtype="5" class="" >male</a></dd><dt>Nationality</dt><dd><a target="_top" href="/commonknowledge/search.php?f=18&exact=1&type=2&q=USA" data-fieldtype="18" class="" >USA</a></dd><dt>Place of death</dt><dd><a target="_top" href="/commonknowledge/search.php?f=45&exact=1&type=2&q=Long Island, New York, USA" data-fieldtype="45" class="" >Long Island, New York, USA</a></dd><dt>Education</dt><dd><a target="_top" href="/commonknowledge/search.php?f=9&exact=1&type=2&q=University of California, Los Angeles" data-fieldtype="9" class="" >University of California, Los Angeles (PhD | Biology | 1955)</a></dd><dt>Occupations</dt><dd><a target="_top" href="/commonknowledge/search.php?f=17&exact=1&type=2&q=biologist" data-fieldtype="17" class="" >biologist</a><br><a target="_top" href="/commonknowledge/search.php?f=17&exact=1&type=2&q=professor" data-fieldtype="17" class="" >professor</a></dd><dt>Organizations</dt><dd><a target="_top" href="/commonknowledge/search.php?f=10&exact=1&type=2&q=State University of New York, Stony Brook" data-fieldtype="10" class="" >State University of New York, Stony Brook</a></dd><dt>Awards and honors</dt><dd><a target="_top" href="/search.php?searchtype=awards&search=Daniel Giraud Elliot Medal" data-fieldtype="4" class="" >Daniel Giraud Elliot Medal (1992)</a><br><a target="_top" href="/search.php?searchtype=awards&search=Crafoord Prize" data-fieldtype="4" class="" >Crafoord Prize (1999)</a></dd></dl></div></span></section><section class="w_a_section" id="section_members" ><h2 class="lt_turndown" id="u_6404" data-caret-id="tdc_u_6404" data-hidden-id="tdh_u_1089" data-visible="1" onclick="lt.newauthor.saveSticky("members", event);;lt.turndown_toggle(this, event);" href="javascript:void(0);" data-duration="200" data-name="members" data-group="worksections" ><i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-up turndown_indicator" id="tdc_u_6404" data-turndown-style="chevron" ></i>Members</h2><span id="tdh_u_1089" ><a name="members"></a><div id="newauthor_members"></div></span></section><section class="w_a_section" id="section_reviews" ><h2 class="lt_turndown" id="u_7691" data-caret-id="tdc_u_7691" data-hidden-id="tdh_u_9c9a" data-visible="1" onclick="lt.newauthor.saveSticky("reviews", event);;lt.turndown_toggle(this, event);" href="javascript:void(0);" data-duration="200" data-name="reviews" data-group="worksections" ><i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-up turndown_indicator" id="tdc_u_7691" data-turndown-style="chevron" ></i>Reviews</h2><span id="tdh_u_9c9a" ><a name="reviews"></a><input type="hidden" id="cache_key" value="u_2b1f9d88"><div class="brevs_container author_brevs_container "><div class="bookReview"><div class="bookReview_content"><div id="brtext_246851832" class="commentText brslop"><div class="brev_cover"><a href="/work/139688" data-workid="139688" data-title="Why-We-Get-Sick-The-New-Science-of-Darwinian-Medicine" class="" ><img src="https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/P/0679746749.01._SX100_SCLZZZZZZZ_.jpg" srcset="https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/P/0679746749.01._SX200_SCLZZZZZZZ_.jpg 2x, https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/P/0679746749.01._SX300_SCLZZZZZZZ_.jpg 3x" class="bookReview_cover cover" /></a></div><div class="commentHeader"><div class="postinfo"><a href="/work/139688" data-workid="139688" data-title="Why-We-Get-Sick-The-New-Science-of-Darwinian-Medicine" class="" >Why We Get Sick: The New Science of Darwinian Medicine</a> by <a href="/author/nesserandolphm">Randolph M. Nesse</a></div></div><div class="showmore" id="u_a5860a64" >A really excellent, if slightly outdated, resource on the Darwinistic underpinings of our responses to disease. By far the best part of the book was the table categorizing disease responses (protective v. quirks v. secondary purpose). The book may have been made slightly stronger if it stuck more strictly to the topic of disease; however, as an introduction to the rigorous scientific ideas behind Darwinism, it was made richer by the discussions of pregnancy, foodstuffs, kin altruism and <u class="showmore_hide">selfish gene phenomena. Thoroughly enjoyable, although not much new for the already versed reader.</u><span class="showmore_showlink">… (<a href="#" onclick="showMore('u_a5860a64');">more</a>)</span></div class="" ><span id="rate-u_b5ae391b" title="4 Stars" aria-title="4 Stars" class="rating rating-style-306 " data-fn="ratingWidget_fromSettingsA" ><span class="rw"><input type="hidden" value="8" name="form_rating" id="form_rating"/></span><i data-rating_value="2" class="fas fa-star selected" ></i><i data-rating_value="4" class="fas fa-star selected" ></i><i data-rating_value="6" class="fas fa-star selected" ></i><i data-rating_value="7" class="fas fa-star selected" ></i><i data-rating_value="10" class=" fas fa-star empty" ></i></span></div><div id="rfd_246851832" class="reviewFlagDialogBox"></div><div class="commentFooter"><span class="reviewMods"><span class="reviewVoteInfo"><span class="reviewVoteCount" id="rvc_246851832"> </span> </span><span class="reviewFlags"><div id="reviewflags_given_246851832" class="reviewflags_given hideme">Flagged<span id="rfi1_246851832" class="hideme" > <i title="Flagged as not a review" class="fas fa-flag-alt reviewflags_notreview"></i></span><span id="rfi2_246851832" class="hideme" > <i title="Flagged as abuse" class="fas fa-flag-alt reviewflags_abuse"></i></span></span></div><span id="rfrf_246851832"> </span></span></span> <span class="controlItems ci3"><a href="/profile/settingshadow" target="_top">settingshadow</a> | <a href="/work/139688/reviews" data-workid="139688" data-title="Why-We-Get-Sick-The-New-Science-of-Darwinian-Medicine" class="" >4 other reviews</a> | Aug 19, 2023 | <a href="/review/246851832"><i class="fas fa-link"></i></a></span> </div></div></div><div class="bookReview"><div class="bookReview_content"><div id="brtext_219662465" class="commentText brslop"><div class="brev_cover"><a href="/work/28430226" data-workid="28430226" data-title="A-ponihal-lampasa-terv-es-cel-a-termeszetben" class="" ><img src="https://pics.cdn.librarything.com/picsizes/a9/98/a998e8d69838a4a597376773741426b41414141_v5.jpg" srcset="https://pics.cdn.librarything.com/picsizes/cf/97/cf9785e01fc5ed8597376773741444941414141_v5.jpg 2x, https://pics.cdn.librarything.com/picsizes/3b/26/3b266f0af8bce4f597376773741417341514141_v5.jpg 3x" class="bookReview_cover cover" /></a></div><div class="commentHeader"><div class="postinfo"><a href="/work/28430226" data-workid="28430226" data-title="A-ponihal-lampasa-terv-es-cel-a-termeszetben" class="" >A ponihal lampasa terv es cel a termeszetben</a> by <a href="/author/williamsgeorgec">George C Williams</a></div></div><div class="showmore" id="u_d060c425" >Egészen pontosan három oka volt annak, hogy elolvastam ezt a könyvet:<br>1.) Bensőséges ismerőseimnél járva mindig ellenállhatatlan ingerem támad kölcsönkérni egy könyvüket. Ez szerintem olyan kakukkfióka-effektus: hogy legyen a polcán valami, ami az én kezemen is átment.<br>2.) Sajátos módon vonzódom a narancs ill. élénksárga alaptónusú borítókhoz. Ami praktikus információ lehet annak az elborult marketinges kollektívának, aki valamilyen okból nekem akar <u class="showmore_hide">majd könyvet eladni. Amitől amúgy óva inteném őket.<br>3.) Szerettem volna némi többlettudáshoz jutni az evolúcióval kapcsolatban.<br>Nagyjából ebben a sorrendben.<br><br>E mű mindhárom elvárásomat teljesítette. Nem is nagyon értem az eddigi csillagozások szigorát – nekem, laikusnak Williams előadásmódja meglehetősen világos és informatív volt. Az olyan szavak, mint a mitokondrium, a nyelvészeti szakkifejezésekhez hasonló allergén reakciókat váltanak ugyan ki belőlem, de át lehet gázolni rajtuk. Ez a könyv áttekinti az evolúcióval és a természetes kiválasztódással kapcsolatos tudományos elképzeléseket Darwintól Dawkinsig, némiképp vázlatosan, belekapva ebbe-abba, hogy aztán végül elidőzzön az embernél, különös tekintettel a szaporodás és az öregedés bizonyos biológiai sajátosságaira. Williams célja végső soron Paley órásmester-hasonlatából* kiindulva cáfolni a vélekedést, hogy szervezetünk bonyolultsága nem fakadhat a természetes kiválasztódás esetlegességéből. Evolúciónk nem annyira a folyamatos tökéletesedés fogalmaival írható le, mint a próbálkozás-tévedés módszerén alapuló, évmilliókon keresztül tartó kísérletezéssel, ennek bizonyítékaként mutatja be az emberi szervezet azon konstrukciós hibáit, amiket egy intelligens tervező minden bizonnyal okosabban is legyártathatott volna az alvállalkozóival – ilyen például a légzőnyílásunk és tápcsatornánk összefonódása, amitől könnyen cigányútra mehet a falat. Meg amilyen a férfi ivarszerv, de erről szemérmesen hallgatok.<br><br>Kis csalódást amiatt érzek, mert meglátásom szerint a kötet címe kissé félrevezető: én legalábbis azt hittem, hogy nagyobb mélységben tekintjük majd át a kiválasztódás által létrehozott extrém megoldásokat, mint amilyen például a címben szereplő pónihal lámpása. A másik hiányérzetemet igazából hibának nem is nevezném – arról van szó, hogy Williams a végére egy filozófiai átkötéssel zár, és az olvasót egy Dawkins-idézettel bocsátja útjára, miszerint az embernek ki kell használnia, hogy ő az egyetlen faj, aki felül tud emelkedni a természetes kiválasztódás predesztinációján. Ezt érezhetően szabadkozva teszi, mindazonáltal azt hiszem, szükségesnek tartja, hogy így üzenjen az olyan tévtanoknak, amik az evolúció törvényszerűségeiből etikai-morális törvényeket akarnak fabrikálni, ahogy azt a szociáldarwinisták tették bal és jobb oldalon egyaránt**. Ám itt mintha megtorpanna, hiszen csak annyit állít, hogy az erkölcs felül kell írja a genetikát, ám ezzel meglehetősen ingoványos talajra téved. Talán hasznosabb és konkrétabb lett volna, ha bátran behajózik a társadalomtudomány és a csoportpszichológia felségvizeire. Ugyanis szerintem nem pusztán arról van szó, hogy amikor saját érdekeinket megvalósítva tökéletesen figyelmen kívül hagyjuk mások érdekeit, akkor erkölcsi értelemben helytelenül cselekszünk, hanem arról, hogy a legkonkrétabban árthatunk is magunknak ebben az esetben. Az emberi társadalom olyan komplex közösségi rendszer, ami bonyolult, és gyakran észrevehetetlen bizalmi elemekből építkezik, ezeket eseti jelleggel figyelmen kívül lehet hagyni valamiféle haszon kedvéért, de aki következetesen így cselekszik, az nem pusztán törvényi retorzióra számíthat, hanem a közösséget is veszélyezteti – és ez közvetve az egyén céljait sem feltétlenül szolgálja. Amiből következik, hogy az együttműködés eszméje nem pusztán evolúciós luxuscikk, amit fajunk jódolgában végez, és mert így illik, hanem igenis kőkeményen racionális eljárás, ami az egyed túlélését is szolgálja. Gondolom, ennek felismerése szükségszerű egy élhető társadalom kialakulásához.<br><br>* „Tegyük fel, hogy egy pusztaságon áthaladva belebotlok egy kőbe, és valaki megkérdezi, hogyan került oda az a kő. Alkalmasint azt válaszolom, hogy a legjobb tudomásom szerint, mindig is ott volt. … De tegyük fel, hogy egy órát találok a földön, és valaki ismét megkérdezi, hogy ez hogyan került arra a helyre. Aligha gondolnék arra a válaszra, amit az előbb adtam. … Működésének precizitása és bonyolultsága arra a következtetésre kényszerítene minket, hogy az órát meg kellett alkotnia valakinek. Valamikor, valahol léteznie kellett egy mesternek (vagy mestereknek), aki megalkotta egy bizonyos célra… aki kitalálta a szerkezetét, és megtervezte a használatát.”<br>** Ami már csak azért is abszurdum, mert például a nácik egy alapvetően hibás értelmezésből indultak ki: szerintük a természetes kiválasztódás a fajt szolgálja, holott ez egy marhaság – egyértelműen az egyedet. Ilyen értelemben az evolúciós alapgondolatot egész egyszerűen kifordították magából.</u><span class="showmore_showlink">… (<a href="#" onclick="showMore('u_d060c425');">more</a>)</span></div class="" ><span id="rate-u_ad412efc" title="4 Stars" aria-title="4 Stars" class="rating rating-style-306 " data-fn="ratingWidget_fromSettingsA" ><span class="rw"><input type="hidden" value="8" name="form_rating" id="form_rating"/></span><i data-rating_value="2" class="fas fa-star selected" ></i><i data-rating_value="4" class="fas fa-star selected" ></i><i data-rating_value="6" class="fas fa-star selected" ></i><i data-rating_value="7" class="fas fa-star selected" ></i><i data-rating_value="10" class=" fas fa-star empty" ></i></span></div><div id="rfd_219662465" class="reviewFlagDialogBox"></div><div class="commentFooter"><span class="reviewMods"><span class="reviewVoteInfo"><span class="reviewVoteCount" id="rvc_219662465"> </span> </span><span class="reviewFlags"><div id="reviewflags_given_219662465" class="reviewflags_given hideme">Flagged<span id="rfi1_219662465" class="hideme" > <i title="Flagged as not a review" class="fas fa-flag-alt reviewflags_notreview"></i></span><span id="rfi2_219662465" class="hideme" > <i title="Flagged as abuse" class="fas fa-flag-alt reviewflags_abuse"></i></span></span></div><span id="rfrf_219662465"> </span></span></span> <span class="controlItems ci3"><a href="/profile/Kuszma" target="_top">Kuszma</a> | Jul 2, 2022 | <a href="/review/219662465"><i class="fas fa-link"></i></a></span> </div></div></div><div class="bookReview"><div class="bookReview_content"><div id="brtext_180457672" class="commentText brslop"><div class="brev_cover"><a href="/work/139688" data-workid="139688" data-title="Why-We-Get-Sick-The-New-Science-of-Darwinian-Medicine" class="" ><img src="https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/P/0679746749.01._SX100_SCLZZZZZZZ_.jpg" srcset="https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/P/0679746749.01._SX200_SCLZZZZZZZ_.jpg 2x, https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/P/0679746749.01._SX300_SCLZZZZZZZ_.jpg 3x" class="bookReview_cover cover" /></a></div><div class="commentHeader"><div class="postinfo"><a href="/work/139688" data-workid="139688" data-title="Why-We-Get-Sick-The-New-Science-of-Darwinian-Medicine" class="" >Why We Get Sick: The New Science of Darwinian Medicine</a> by <a href="/author/nesserandolphm">Randolph M. Nesse</a></div></div><div class="showmore" id="u_80a9a43f" >This is a well written book that takes a look at why people get sick from an evolutionary perspective. This book is easy enough to understand without requiring a medical/biology degree, but not so simplified that it assumes the readers are have the attention span of a gnat and the intelligence of an amoeba. This is a meat and potatoes type of book compared to the bowl full of lettuce books that seem to be common in the popular science genre these days.<br><br>I do however wish the authors <u class="showmore_hide">would update this book to include any additional information discovered/hypothesized in the last 20 years, but what they cover is still relevant and very interesting.</u><span class="showmore_showlink">… (<a href="#" onclick="showMore('u_80a9a43f');">more</a>)</span></div class="" ><span id="rate-u_bafff7ec" title="5 Stars" aria-title="5 Stars" class="rating rating-style-306 " data-fn="ratingWidget_fromSettingsA" ><span class="rw"><input type="hidden" value="10" name="form_rating" id="form_rating"/></span><i data-rating_value="2" class="fas fa-star selected" ></i><i data-rating_value="4" class="fas fa-star selected" ></i><i data-rating_value="6" class="fas fa-star selected" ></i><i data-rating_value="8" class="fas fa-star selected" ></i><i data-rating_value="9" class="fas fa-star selected" ></i></span></div><div id="rfd_180457672" class="reviewFlagDialogBox"></div><div class="commentFooter"><span class="reviewMods"><span class="reviewVoteInfo"><span class="reviewVoteCount" id="rvc_180457672"> </span> </span><span class="reviewFlags"><div id="reviewflags_given_180457672" class="reviewflags_given hideme">Flagged<span id="rfi1_180457672" class="hideme" > <i title="Flagged as not a review" class="fas fa-flag-alt reviewflags_notreview"></i></span><span id="rfi2_180457672" class="hideme" > <i title="Flagged as abuse" class="fas fa-flag-alt reviewflags_abuse"></i></span></span></div><span id="rfrf_180457672"> </span></span></span> <span class="controlItems ci3"><a href="/profile/ElentarriLT" target="_top">ElentarriLT</a> | <a href="/work/139688/reviews" data-workid="139688" data-title="Why-We-Get-Sick-The-New-Science-of-Darwinian-Medicine" class="" >4 other reviews</a> | Mar 24, 2020 | <a href="/review/180457672"><i class="fas fa-link"></i></a></span> </div></div></div><div class="bookReview"><div class="bookReview_content"><div id="brtext_92074397" class="commentText brslop"><div class="brev_cover"><a href="/work/139688" data-workid="139688" data-title="Why-We-Get-Sick-The-New-Science-of-Darwinian-Medicine" class="" ><img src="https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/P/0679746749.01._SX100_SCLZZZZZZZ_.jpg" srcset="https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/P/0679746749.01._SX200_SCLZZZZZZZ_.jpg 2x, https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/P/0679746749.01._SX300_SCLZZZZZZZ_.jpg 3x" class="bookReview_cover cover" /></a></div><div class="commentHeader"><div class="postinfo"><a href="/work/139688" data-workid="139688" data-title="Why-We-Get-Sick-The-New-Science-of-Darwinian-Medicine" class="" >Why We Get Sick: The New Science of Darwinian Medicine</a> by <a href="/author/nesserandolphm">Randolph M. Nesse</a></div></div><div class="showmore" id="u_591f0c46" >Excellent introduction to Darwinian medicine, with good examples of how an evolutionary perspective adds to our understanding of the origins of disease. While medicine usually focus on the "proximate causes" of disease (such as viral or bacterial agents, or inflammatory processes), we can learn much from also examining the "ultimate" or evolution-derived causes, which would include our genetic inheritance formed by mutation and natural selection, and especially by mismatches between our <u class="showmore_hide">current resource-rich environments and the "environment of evolutionary adaptation" of our paleolithic ancestors.<br><br>Note that while the Kindle edition is (c) 2012, the book was published in 1996 and has not been revised.</u><span class="showmore_showlink">… (<a href="#" onclick="showMore('u_591f0c46');">more</a>)</span></div class="" ><span id="rate-u_7ab1a56c" title="5 Stars" aria-title="5 Stars" class="rating rating-style-306 " data-fn="ratingWidget_fromSettingsA" ><span class="rw"><input type="hidden" value="10" name="form_rating" id="form_rating"/></span><i data-rating_value="2" class="fas fa-star selected" ></i><i data-rating_value="4" class="fas fa-star selected" ></i><i data-rating_value="6" class="fas fa-star selected" ></i><i data-rating_value="8" class="fas fa-star selected" ></i><i data-rating_value="9" class="fas fa-star selected" ></i></span></div><div id="rfd_92074397" class="reviewFlagDialogBox"></div><div class="commentFooter"><span class="reviewMods"><span class="reviewVoteInfo"><span class="reviewVoteCount" id="rvc_92074397"> </span> </span><span class="reviewFlags"><div id="reviewflags_given_92074397" class="reviewflags_given hideme">Flagged<span id="rfi1_92074397" class="hideme" > <i title="Flagged as not a review" class="fas fa-flag-alt reviewflags_notreview"></i></span><span id="rfi2_92074397" class="hideme" > <i title="Flagged as abuse" class="fas fa-flag-alt reviewflags_abuse"></i></span></span></div><span id="rfrf_92074397"> </span></span></span> <span class="controlItems ci3"><a href="/profile/bodhisattva" target="_top">bodhisattva</a> | <a href="/work/139688/reviews" data-workid="139688" data-title="Why-We-Get-Sick-The-New-Science-of-Darwinian-Medicine" class="" >4 other reviews</a> | Dec 3, 2012 | <a href="/review/92074397"><i class="fas fa-link"></i></a></span> </div></div></div></div><div class="flex_center"><a value="See More Reviews " value="See More Reviews " class="func_lt2_display_ui lt2button btn btn_rollover_primary btn-lozenge extra_top_space_half btn-sm btn-default" type="button" role="button" href="/author/williamsgeorgec/reviews" ><span class="btntxt">See More Reviews <i class="fa-solid fa-angle-right"></i></span></a></div></span></section><section class="w_a_section" id="section_lists" ><h2 class="lt_turndown" id="u_149b" data-caret-id="tdc_u_149b" data-hidden-id="tdh_u_6cf8" data-visible="1" onclick="lt.newauthor.saveSticky("lists", event);;lt.turndown_toggle(this, event);" href="javascript:void(0);" data-duration="200" data-name="lists" data-group="worksections" ><i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-up turndown_indicator" id="tdc_u_149b" data-turndown-style="chevron" ></i>Lists</h2><span id="tdh_u_6cf8" ><a name="lists"></a><div class="section_controls"><div data-value="0" class="lt_pillbox lt_blend_nav small lt_small" ><a data-value="0" data-onclick="lt.newauthor.toggleListDisplay('williamsgeorgec', 0)" role="button" class="selected" ><span class="ltp_txt">List</span></a class="" ><a data-value="1" data-onclick="lt.newauthor.toggleListDisplay('williamsgeorgec', 1)" role="button" class="" ><span class="ltp_txt">Stacks</span></a class="" ></div class="" ></div><div id="u_d4a6b53d" class="lt_itemlist css_columns"><div class="ltil_item " ><a href="/list/10183/all/Nature%E2%80%99s-Nether-Regions">Nature’s Nether Regions</a> <span class="note">(1)</span></div></div></span></section><section class="w_a_section" id="section_similarauthors" ><h2 class="lt_turndown" id="u_51f6" data-caret-id="tdc_u_51f6" data-hidden-id="tdh_u_ac13" data-visible="1" onclick="lt.newauthor.saveSticky("similarauthors", 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Carroll</div></a></div><div class="similar_author_card center"><a href="/author/soberelliott"><img class="bk" alt="" src="https://pics.cdn.librarything.com//picsizes/19/eb/19ebe60cbe3789765494c744151426b41414141_v5.jpg" srcset="https://pics.cdn.librarything.com//picsizes/07/b3/07b355a5dcbe64b65494c744151444941414141_v5.jpg 2x, https://pics.cdn.librarything.com//picsizes/96/30/9630f1651828fa465494c744151417341514141_v5.jpg 3x" /><div>Elliott Sober</div></a></div></div></div><div class="flex_center"><a value="See All " value="See All " class="func_lt2_display_ui lt2button btn btn_rollover_primary btn-lozenge extra_top_space_half btn-sm btn-default" type="button" role="button" href="/author/williamsgeorgec/readalikes" ><span class="btntxt">See All <i class="fa-solid fa-angle-right"></i></span></a></div><h3>Associated Authors</h3><div id="u_9fcb4520" class="lt_itemlist relatedItems css_columns"><div class="ltil_item relatedItem" ><a href="/author/dawkinsrichard" class="" >Richard Dawkins</a></div><div class="ltil_item relatedItem" ><a href="/author/applemanphilipcomp" class="" >Philip Appleman</a></div></div></span></section><section class="w_a_section" id="section_scorecard" ><h2 class="lt_turndown" id="u_1f2a" data-caret-id="tdc_u_1f2a" data-hidden-id="tdh_u_751b" data-visible="1" onclick="lt.newauthor.saveSticky("scorecard", event);;lt.turndown_toggle(this, event);" href="javascript:void(0);" data-duration="200" data-name="scorecard" data-group="worksections" ><i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-up turndown_indicator" id="tdc_u_1f2a" data-turndown-style="chevron" ></i>Statistics</h2><span id="tdh_u_751b" ><a name="scorecard"></a><div class="columns"><dl class="comfort loving joined"><dt>Works</dt><dd>14</dd><dt>Also by</dt><dd>2</dd><dt>Members</dt><dd>829</dd><dt>Popularity</dt><dd>#30,792</dd><dt>Rating</dt><dd><span class="blacklink"><span id="rate-u_5b154ad6" title="4 Stars" aria-title="4 Stars" class="rating rating-style-306 " data-fn="ratingWidget_fromSettingsA" ><span class="rw"><input type="hidden" value="8" name="form_rating" id="form_rating"/></span><i data-rating_value="2" class="fas fa-star selected" ></i><i data-rating_value="4" class="fas fa-star selected" ></i><i data-rating_value="6" class="fas fa-star selected" ></i><i data-rating_value="7" class="fas fa-star selected" ></i><i data-rating_value="10" class=" fas fa-star empty" ></i></span> 4.0</span></dd></dl><dl class="comfort loving joined"><dt>Reviews</dt><dd>6</dd><dt>ISBNs</dt><dd>40</dd><dt>Languages</dt><dd>8</dd></dl></div></span></section><section class="w_a_section" id="section_charts_main" ><h2 class="lt_turndown" id="u_9b20" data-caret-id="tdc_u_9b20" data-hidden-id="tdh_u_c14c" data-visible="1" onclick="lt.newauthor.saveSticky("charts_main", event);;lt.turndown_toggle(this, event);" href="javascript:void(0);" data-duration="200" data-name="charts_main" data-group="worksections" ><i class="fa-solid fa-chevron-up turndown_indicator" id="tdc_u_9b20" data-turndown-style="chevron" ></i>Charts & Graphs</h2><span id="tdh_u_c14c" ><a name="charts_main"></a><div class="simpleSection workpopularity" id="popularity_div"></div><div class="flex_center"><a value="See More Charts & Graphs " value="See More Charts & Graphs " class="func_lt2_display_ui lt2button btn btn_rollover_primary btn-lozenge extra_top_space_half btn-sm btn-default" type="button" role="button" href="/author/williamsgeorgec/charts" ><span class="btntxt">See More Charts & Graphs <i class="fa-solid fa-angle-right"></i></span></a></div></span></section><a name="bottom"></a></div></main><div id="lt_altsidebar" class="lt2_sidebar lt_altsidebar" ><div class="dyn_nav_menu" data-observe-resizes ><div class="sidebar_group action_area"><div class="sidenav_subgroup lt2_nogrouptitle " id="sidenav_action_subgroup_default_subgroup"><button onclick="lt.newauthor.toggleFav('williamsgeorgec'); return false;" id="favorite_author_button" class="btn-block xbtn-mashleft btn btn-block xbtn-mashleft btn-primary" ><i class="fas fa-heart" aria-hidden="true"></i> Add to Favorites</button class="" ></div></div><div class="sidebar_group rightcontent"><div class="sidebar_content lt2_nogrouptitle "><div class="w_a_section greenbox" id="section_pics" ><a name="pics"></a><div class="lt2_mini_gallery"><h2 class="first">Pictures</h2><div class="gallery_thumbs" style="--gallery-template-item-width:50px; --gallery-template-row-count-user: 3;"></div><div class="gallery_footer_actions"><div><div class="ui_jump_link ui_jump_link" ><a id="u_62c3" class="bluelink" href="/gallery/author/williamsgeorgec" >Author Gallery <i class="fa-regular fa-chevron-right"></i></a></div></div></div></div></div><a name="newlinks"></a><div class="greenbox" data-codepoint="ajax_ckcategory_links"><h2>Links</h2><div id="newlinks"><div><div class="newlinks_listitem" id="newlinks_listitem_236464"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George C. 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