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<span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button 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href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86" title="هملكون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هملكون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Гімількон Мараплавец – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гімількон Мараплавец" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Химилкон Мореплавателя – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Химилкон Мореплавателя" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himilkon_ar_Merdeer" title="Himilkon ar Merdeer – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Himilkon ar Merdeer" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himilc%C3%B3_el_Navegant" title="Himilcó el Navegant – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Himilcó el Navegant" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himilco" title="Himilco – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Himilco" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himilkon_(Seefahrer)" title="Himilkon (Seefahrer) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Himilkon (Seefahrer)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%82_(%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B7%CE%B3%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%82)" title="Ιμίλκας (περιηγητής) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιμίλκας (περιηγητής)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himilc%C3%B3n_(navegante)" title="Himilcón (navegante) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Himilcón (navegante)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himilko_Nabigatzailea" title="Himilko Nabigatzailea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Himilko Nabigatzailea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himilcon" title="Himilcon – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Himilcon" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himilko" title="Himilko – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Himilko" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himilc%C3%B3n" title="Himilcón – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Himilcón" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%AD%ED%95%B4%EC%9E%90_%ED%9E%88%EB%B0%80%EC%BD%94" title="항해자 히밀코 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="항해자 히밀코" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himilkon" title="Himilkon – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Himilkon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imilcone_(navigatore)" title="Imilcone (navigatore) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Imilcone (navigatore)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%95" title="חימילקו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חימילקו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himilko" title="Himilko – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Himilko" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himilco_(zeevaarder)" title="Himilco (zeevaarder) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Himilco (zeevaarder)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%92%E3%83%9F%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B3" title="ヒミルコ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヒミルコ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himilkon" title="Himilkon – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Himilkon" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himilc%C3%A3o" title="Himilcão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Himilcão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Гимилькон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гимилькон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himilkon_Moreplovac" title="Himilkon Moreplovac – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Himilkon Moreplovac" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himilkon" title="Himilkon – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Himilkon" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himilco" title="Himilco – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Himilco" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Гімількон Мореплавець – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гімількон Мореплавець" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88" title="ہملیکو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہملیکو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E7%A7%91" title="希米尔科 – Chinese" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Carthaginian navigator and explorer</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named Himilco, see <a href="/wiki/Himilco_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Himilco (disambiguation)">Himilco (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p><b>Himilco</b> was a <a href="/wiki/Carthaginian_(people)" class="mw-redirect" title="Carthaginian (people)">Carthaginian</a> navigator and <a href="/wiki/Exploration" title="Exploration">explorer</a> who lived during the late 6th or early 5th century BC, a period of time where Carthage held significant sway over its neighboring regions. </p><p>Himilco is the first known explorer from the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a> to reach the northwestern shores of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>. His lost account of his adventures is quoted by Roman writers. The oldest reference to Himilco's voyage is a brief mention in <i><a href="/wiki/Natural_History_(Pliny)" title="Natural History (Pliny)">Natural History</a></i> (2.169a) by the Roman scholar <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Himilco was quoted three times by <a href="/wiki/Rufius_Festus_Avienius" class="mw-redirect" title="Rufius Festus Avienius">Rufius Festus Avienius</a>, who wrote <i><a href="/wiki/Ora_Maritima" class="mw-redirect" title="Ora Maritima">Ora Maritima</a></i>, a poetical account of the geography in the 4th century AD. <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Little is known of Himilco himself. Himilco sailed north along the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic</a> coast from the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a> to the <a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He traveled to northwestern <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, as well as the territory of the <a href="/wiki/Oestriminis" title="Oestriminis">Oestrimini</a> tribe living in <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, likely in order to trade for <a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">tin</a> (to be used for making <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a>) and other precious metals. Records of the voyages of Himilco also mention the islands of <a href="/wiki/Albion" title="Albion">Albion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ierne</a>. <a href="/wiki/Avienius" title="Avienius">Avienius</a> asserts that the outward journey to the Oestriminis took the Carthaginians four months.<sup id="cite_ref-Pliny_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pliny-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Himilco followed the northern Atlantic trade route used by the <a href="/wiki/Tartessus" class="mw-redirect" title="Tartessus">Tartessians</a> of southern Iberia, according to Avienius.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Himilco described his journeys as quite harrowing, repeatedly reporting <a href="/wiki/Sea_monsters" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea monsters">sea monsters</a> and seaweed,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> likely in order to deter Greek rivals from competing on their new trade routes. Carthaginian accounts of monsters became one source of the myths discouraging sailing in the Atlantic.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himilco&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanno_the_Navigator" title="Hanno the Navigator">Hanno the Navigator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanno_the_Navigator#Periplus_account" title="Hanno the Navigator">Periplus of Hanno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periplus" title="Periplus">Periplus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassiterides" title="Cassiterides">Cassiterides</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himilco&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himilco&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pliny the Elder, Natural History 2.169a</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Avienus, Rufius Festus and Murphy, J. P. (1977) <i>Ora maritima: or, description of the seacoast from Brittany round to Massilia</i>. Ares Publisher, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89005-175-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-89005-175-5">0-89005-175-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140213004847/http://britannia.com/celtic/scotland/timeline/index.html">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://britannia.com/celtic/scotland/timeline/index.html">the original</a> on 2014-02-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-03-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbritannia.com%2Fceltic%2Fscotland%2Ftimeline%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHimilco" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pliny-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pliny_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141205080613/http://www.livius.org/hi-hn/himilco/himilco.html">"Himilco"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livius.org/hi-hn/himilco/himilco.html">the original</a> on 2014-12-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-03-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Himilco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livius.org%2Fhi-hn%2Fhimilco%2Fhimilco.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHimilco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Avienius" title="Avienius">Avienius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ora_Maritima" class="mw-redirect" title="Ora Maritima">Ora Maritima</a>, lines 112-118</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Avienius, V. 113-128</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roller, Duane W. (2006). <i>Through the pillars of Herakles: Greco-Roman exploration of the Atlantic</i>. Taylor & Francis, pp. 27-28. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-37287-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-37287-9">0-415-37287-9</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himilco&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCassidy1968" class="citation book cs1">Cassidy, Vincent H. (1968). <i>The Sea Around Them, The Atlantic Ocean, A.D. 1250</i>. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sea+Around+Them%2C+The+Atlantic+Ocean%2C+A.D.+1250&rft.place=Baton+Rouge&rft.pub=Louisiana+State+University+Press&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Cassidy&rft.aufirst=Vincent+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHimilco" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGonzález-Ruibal2006" class="citation journal cs1">González-Ruibal, Alfredo (2006). "Past the Last Outpost: Punic Merchants in the Atlantic Ocean (5th–1st century BC)". <i>Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology</i>. <b>19</b> (1): 121–150. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1558%2Fjmea.v19i1.121">10.1558/jmea.v19i1.121</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Mediterranean+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Past+the+Last+Outpost%3A+Punic+Merchants+in+the+Atlantic+Ocean+%285th%E2%80%931st+century+BC%29&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=121-150&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1558%2Fjmea.v19i1.121&rft.aulast=Gonz%C3%A1lez-Ruibal&rft.aufirst=Alfredo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHimilco" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLendering2001" class="citation web cs1">Lendering, Jona (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livius.org/articles/person/himilco/">"Himilco"</a>. <i>Livius.org, Articles on Ancient History</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Livius.org%2C+Articles+on+Ancient+History&rft.atitle=Himilco&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Lendering&rft.aufirst=Jona&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livius.org%2Farticles%2Fperson%2Fhimilco%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHimilco" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himilco&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130206160651/http://thelatinlibrary.com/avienus.ora.html">Rufus Festus Avienius ora maritima in Latin</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="List of Carthaginians">Notable Carthaginians</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 2px 0 0"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%89n%C3%A9e_et_Didon,_Gu%C3%A9rin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/%C3%89n%C3%A9e_et_Didon%2C_Gu%C3%A9rin.jpg/130px-%C3%89n%C3%A9e_et_Didon%2C_Gu%C3%A9rin.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/%C3%89n%C3%A9e_et_Didon%2C_Gu%C3%A9rin.jpg/195px-%C3%89n%C3%A9e_et_Didon%2C_Gu%C3%A9rin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/%C3%89n%C3%A9e_et_Didon%2C_Gu%C3%A9rin.jpg/260px-%C3%89n%C3%A9e_et_Didon%2C_Gu%C3%A9rin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3869" data-file-height="2920" /></a></span></div></td><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adherbal_(admiral)" title="Adherbal (admiral)">Adherbal (admiral)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adherbal_(governor)" title="Adherbal (governor)">Adherbal (governor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcids" title="Barcids">Barcids</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamilcar_Barca" title="Hamilcar Barca">Hamilcar Barca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannibal" title="Hannibal">Hannibal Barca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasdrubal_Barca" title="Hasdrubal Barca">Hasdrubal Barca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasdrubal_the_Fair" title="Hasdrubal the Fair">Hasdrubal the Fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mago_Barca" title="Mago Barca">Mago Barca</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthalo" title="Carthalo">Carthalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dido" title="Dido">Dido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilcar_(fortifier_of_Drepanum)" title="Hamilcar (fortifier of Drepanum)">Hamilcar (Drepanum)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannibal_Gisco" title="Hannibal Gisco">Hannibal Gisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannibal_Monomachus" title="Hannibal Monomachus">Hannibal Monomachus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannibal_the_Rhodian" title="Hannibal the Rhodian">Hannibal the Rhodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanno_the_Elder" title="Hanno the Elder">Hanno the Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanno_II_the_Great" title="Hanno II the Great">Hanno the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanno_the_Navigator" title="Hanno the Navigator">Hanno the Navigator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanno,_son_of_Bomilcar" title="Hanno, son of Bomilcar">Hanno, son of Bomilcar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasdrubal_Gisco" title="Hasdrubal Gisco">Hasdrubal Gisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasdrubal_the_Boetharch" title="Hasdrubal the Boetharch">Hasdrubal the Boetharch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasdrubal_(quartermaster)" title="Hasdrubal (quartermaster)">Hasdrubal (quartermaster)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Himilco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himilco_(commander_of_Lilybaeum)" title="Himilco (commander of Lilybaeum)">Himilco (commander of Lilybaeum)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himilco_(fl._3rd_century_BC)" title="Himilco (fl. 3rd century BC)">Himilco (fl. 3rd century BC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mago_(agricultural_writer)" title="Mago (agricultural writer)">Mago (agricultural writer)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magonids" title="Magonids">Magonids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharbal" title="Maharbal">Maharbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phameas" title="Phameas">Phameas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophonisba" title="Sophonisba">Sophonisba</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mommsen_p265.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Mommsen_p265.jpg/70px-Mommsen_p265.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="110" class="mw-file-element" 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