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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Perdebatan_sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perdebatan_sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Perdebatan sejarah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perdebatan_sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penggolongan_dalam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penggolongan_dalam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Penggolongan dalam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penggolongan_dalam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Lihat pula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catatan_kaki" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catatan_kaki"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Catatan kaki</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catatan_kaki-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rumpun bahasa Balto-Slavia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 57 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balto-Slawies" title="Balto-Slawies – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Balto-Slawies" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لغات بلطيقية سلافية – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغات بلطيقية سلافية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lling%C3%BCes_baltoeslaves" title="Llingües baltoeslaves – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llingües baltoeslaves" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltik-slavyan_dill%C9%99ri" title="Baltik-slavyan dilləri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Baltik-slavyan dilləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltoslavu_kalbas" title="Baltoslavu kalbas – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Baltoslavu kalbas" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0-%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Балта-славянскія мовы – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Балта-славянскія мовы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0-%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Балта-славянскія мовы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Балта-славянскія мовы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_balto-eslaves" title="Llengües balto-eslaves – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llengües balto-eslaves" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balto-slovansk%C3%A9_jazyky" title="Balto-slovanské jazyky – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Balto-slovanské jazyky" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltoslaviske_sprog" title="Baltoslaviske sprog – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Baltoslaviske sprog" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balto-s%C5%82owja%C5%84ske_r%C4%9Bcy" title="Balto-słowjańske rěcy – Sorbia Hilir" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Balto-słowjańske rěcy" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Sorbia Hilir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B1%CE%BB%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Βαλτοσλαβικές γλώσσες – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βαλτοσλαβικές γλώσσες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balto-Slavic_languages" title="Balto-Slavic languages – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Balto-Slavic languages" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltslava_lingvaro" title="Baltslava lingvaro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Baltslava lingvaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenguas_baltoeslavas" title="Lenguas baltoeslavas – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lenguas baltoeslavas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C" title="زبان‌های بالتواسلاوی – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان‌های بالتواسلاوی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltoslaavilaiset_kielet" title="Baltoslaavilaiset kielet – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Baltoslaavilaiset kielet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langues_balto-slaves" title="Langues balto-slaves – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langues balto-slaves" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%95-%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="שפות בלטו-סלאביות – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שפות בלטו-סלאביות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81" title="बाल्टो-स्लावी भाषाएँ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बाल्टो-स्लावी भाषाएँ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltoslavenski_jezici" title="Baltoslavenski jezici – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Baltoslavenski jezici" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balti-szl%C3%A1v_nyelvek" title="Balti-szláv nyelvek – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Balti-szláv nyelvek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A9%D5%AB%D5%AF-%D5%BD%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Բալթիկ-սլավոնական լեզուներ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բալթիկ-սլավոնական լեզուներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balt%C3%B3slavnesk_tungum%C3%A1l" title="Baltóslavnesk tungumál – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Baltóslavnesk tungumál" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingue_balto-slave" title="Lingue balto-slave – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingue balto-slave" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B4%E8%AA%9E%E6%B4%BE" title="バルト・スラヴ語派 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バルト・スラヴ語派" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0-%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ბალტურ-სლავური ენები – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბალტურ-სლავური ენები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%9C%ED%8A%B8%EC%8A%AC%EB%9D%BC%EB%B8%8C%EC%96%B4%ED%8C%8C" title="발트슬라브어파 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="발트슬라브어파" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balt%C5%B3-slav%C5%B3_kalbos" title="Baltų-slavų kalbos – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Baltų-slavų kalbos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltu-sl%C4%81vu_valodas" title="Baltu-slāvu valodas – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Baltu-slāvu valodas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_balt%C3%B4-slava" title="Fiteny baltô-slava – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny baltô-slava" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Балтословенски јазици – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Балтословенски јазици" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balto-Slavische_talen" title="Balto-Slavische talen – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Balto-Slavische talen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltoslaviske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Baltoslaviske språk – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Baltoslaviske språk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengas_baltoeslavas" title="Lengas baltoeslavas – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lengas baltoeslavas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyki_ba%C5%82tos%C5%82owia%C5%84skie" title="Języki bałtosłowiańskie – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Języki bałtosłowiańskie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADnguas_balto-esl%C3%A1vicas" title="Línguas balto-eslávicas – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Línguas balto-eslávicas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paltu-Islaw_simikuna" title="Paltu-Islaw simikuna – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Paltu-Islaw simikuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbi_balto-slave" title="Limbi balto-slave – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limbi balto-slave" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%BE-%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Балто-славянские языки – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Балто-славянские языки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balto-Slavic_leids" title="Balto-Slavic leids – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Balto-Slavic leids" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltoslavenski_jezici" title="Baltoslavenski jezici – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Baltoslavenski jezici" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balto-Slavic_languages" title="Balto-Slavic languages – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Balto-Slavic languages" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%B9%D9%88_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="بالٹو سلاوی زباناں – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="بالٹو سلاوی زباناں" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltoslovanski_jeziki" title="Baltoslovanski jeziki – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Baltoslovanski jeziki" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuh%C3%ABt_balto-sllave" title="Gjuhët balto-sllave – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuhët balto-sllave" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Балтословенски језици – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Балтословенски језици" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltoslaviska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Baltoslaviska språk – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Baltoslaviska språk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lugha_za_Kibalti-Kislavoni" title="Lugha za Kibalti-Kislavoni – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Lugha za Kibalti-Kislavoni" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C-%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9F" title="กลุ่มภาษาบอลต์-สลาฟ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กลุ่มภาษาบอลต์-สลาฟ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balt%C4%B1k-Slav_dilleri" title="Baltık-Slav dilleri – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Baltık-Slav dilleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%BE-%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%27%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Балто-слов'янські мови – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Балто-слов'янські мови" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%B9%D9%88-%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%BA" title="بالٹو-سلاوی زبانیں – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بالٹو-سلاوی زبانیں" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_Balt-Slav" title="Nhóm ngôn ngữ Balt-Slav – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhóm ngôn ngữ Balt-Slav" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80w%E1%BB%8Dn_%C3%A8d%C3%A8_Balto-S%C3%ADl%C3%A0f%C3%B9" title="Àwọn èdè Balto-Sílàfù – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àwọn èdè Balto-Sílàfù" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E7%9A%84-%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" title="波羅的-斯拉夫語族 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="波羅的-斯拉夫語族" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E7%9A%84-%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" title="波羅的-斯拉夫語族 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="波羅的-斯拉夫語族" 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Rumpun+bahasa+Balto-Slavia"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Rumpun_bahasa_Balto-Slavia&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Balto-Slavia&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Balto-Slavic_languages" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q147356" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Dialihkan dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Balto-Slavik_languages&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Balto-Slavik languages">Bahasa Balto-Slavik languages</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22657712">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output 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.s-tooltiptext{visibility:hidden;width:240px;background-color:black;color:#fff;text-align:center;border-radius:6px;padding:5px 0;position:absolute;z-index:1;top:-65px;right:130%}.mw-parser-output .s-tooltip .s-tooltiptext::after{content:"";position:absolute;top:50%;left:100%;margin-top:-5px;border-width:5px;border-style:solid;border-color:transparent transparent transparent black}.mw-parser-output .s-tooltip:hover .s-tooltiptext{visibility:visible}.mw-parser-output .s2-tooltip{position:relative;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .s2-tooltip .s2-tooltiptext{visibility:hidden;width:240px;background-color:black;color:#fff;text-align:center;border-radius:6px;padding:5px 0;position:absolute;z-index:1;top:-91px;right:130%}.mw-parser-output .s2-tooltip .s2-tooltiptext::after{content:"";position:absolute;top:50%;left:100%;margin-top:-5px;border-width:5px;border-style:solid;border-color:transparent transparent transparent black}.mw-parser-output .s2-tooltip:hover .s2-tooltiptext{visibility:visible}.mw-parser-output .i-tooltip{position:relative;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .i-tooltip .i-tooltiptext{visibility:hidden;width:340px;background-color:black;color:#fff;text-align:center;border-radius:6px;padding:5px 0;position:absolute;z-index:1;top:22px;right:-90%;z-index:1000}.mw-parser-output .i-tooltip:hover .i-tooltiptext{visibility:visible}.mw-parser-output .bg-wp{background:radial-gradient(closest-side,lightgray,transparent)}.mw-parser-output .nilai{display:inline;margin:0;padding:0;border:0}.mw-parser-output .nilai:before{content:"—";animation-name:animate;animation-duration:2s;animation-delay:1s;animation-iteration-count:infinite}@keyframes nilai{0%{content:"Memuat"}5%{content:"Mengambil data penilaian dari halaman pembicaraan"}80%{content:"Memuat"}87%{content:"Mengubah susunan templat WP Banner"}89%{content:"Menyiapkan"}98%{content:"Selesai"}100%{content:""}}</style><table class="infobox" style="box-shadow: rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3) 0px 1px 2px 0px, rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15) 0px 2px 6px 2px;border-radius: 2px;; text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above bahasa" style="margin:0.2em;font-size:130%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Balto-Slavia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.1em;line-height:1.3em; padding-right:0.5em;">Wilayah</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em"><a href="/wiki/Eropa_Utara" title="Eropa Utara">Eropa Utara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eropa_Timur" title="Eropa Timur">Eropa Timur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eropa_Tengah" title="Eropa Tengah">Eropa Tengah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eropa_Selatan" title="Eropa Selatan">Eropa Selatan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asia_Utara" title="Asia Utara">Asia Utara</a>, wilayah <a href="/wiki/Asia_Tengah" title="Asia Tengah">Asia Tengah</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.1em;line-height:1.3em; padding-right:0.5em;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Penutur</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"><table class="infobox mw-collapsible" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal; padding-right:0.5em;"><span style="white-space: normal;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa" title="Rumpun bahasa">Rumpun bahasa</a></b></div></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><div style="text-align:left;margin-left:0.5em"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r14051308">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"><ul style="line-height:100%;padding-left:0;"><li>Indo-Eropa <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:0.5em;padding-left:0"><li> <b>Balto-Slavia</b><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Slavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Slavia">Slavia</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Baltik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Baltik">Baltik</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"><table class="infobox mw-collapsible" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal; padding-right:0.5em;"><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><b>Bentuk awal</b></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><div style="text-align:left;margin-left:1.2em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r14051308"><div class="treeview"><ul style="line-height:100%;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Proto-Balto-Slavia" title="Bahasa Proto-Balto-Slavia">Proto-Balto-Slavia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_purba" title="Bahasa purba">Bahasa induk</a>)</span> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li><b>Balto-Slavia</b></li></ul> </li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="margin:0.2em;opacity:80%;color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;line-height:1.3;padding:0.2em;">Kode bahasa</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.1em;line-height:1.3em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em">–</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.1em;line-height:1.3em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em"><code style="padding-bottom:0.1em;padding-top:0.1em"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/balt1263">balt1263</a></code><sup id="cite_ref-Glottolog_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glottolog-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="opacity:80%;color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Lokasi penuturan</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.35em; padding-right:0em; padding-left:0em"><div class="bg-wp"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Balto_Slavic_countries.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Balto_Slavic_countries.svg/320px-Balto_Slavic_countries.svg.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="327" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Balto_Slavic_countries.svg/480px-Balto_Slavic_countries.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Balto_Slavic_countries.svg/640px-Balto_Slavic_countries.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="593" data-file-height="606" /></a></span></div><div style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.2em">Negara-negara tempat bahasa nasional: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r19202607">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#008000; color:white;"> </span> Bahasa Slavia Timur</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#7CDC87; color:black;"> </span> Bahasa Slavia Barat</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#004040; color:white;"> </span> Bahasa Slavia Selatan</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#F5BD43; color:black;"> </span> Bahasa Baltik Timur</div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.35em; padding-right:0em; padding-left:0em"><div style="font-size:80%"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Halaman_artikel_bahasa_dengan_peta" title="Kategori:Halaman artikel bahasa dengan peta">Peta bahasa lain</a></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-top:0px;height:20px;font-weight:normal;font-size:90%;text-align:center;color:black; background-color: #c9ffd9;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/20px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/30px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/40px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Bahasa" title="Portal:Bahasa"><span style="color: black;"><b>Portal Bahasa</b></span></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="font-weight:normal;font-size:80%;text-align:left;height:20px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em;padding-bottom:0.1em"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Kotak_info_bahasa" title="Templat:Kotak info bahasa">L</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Kotak_info_bahasa" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Kotak info bahasa">B</a> • <a href="/wiki/PW:BAHASA" class="mw-redirect" title="PW:BAHASA">PW</a>   <div style="float:right;right:0em; text-align:right:display:inline"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Balto-Slavia&action=edit&section=top&editintro=Templat:Kotak_info_bahasa/Pemberitahuan/editintro2"><img alt="Sunting kotak info" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span>  <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Kotak_info_bahasa/doc" title="Bantuan penggunaan templat ini"><img alt="Info templat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/10px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/15px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/20px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="metadata s-tooltip" style="position:absolute;z-index:100;top:-85px;right:2em; line-height:normal;border-radius:7px;"><div style="opacity:60%"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Cari artikel bahasa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/OOjs_UI_icon_search-ltr.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_search-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/OOjs_UI_icon_search-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_search-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/OOjs_UI_icon_search-ltr.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_search-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div><span class="s-tooltiptext" style="-moz-box-shadow: 2px 2px 4px gray; -webkit-box-shadow: 2px 2px 4px gray; box-shadow: 2px 2px 4px gray;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Cari artikel bahasa<div class="mw-inputbox-centered" style=""><form name="searchbox" class="searchbox mw-inputbox-form-inline" action="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian"><div class="cdx-text-input"><input class="mw-searchInput searchboxInput cdx-text-input__input" name="search" value="Bahasa" placeholder="" size="25" dir="ltr" /></div> <input type="submit" name="go" value="Tuju" class="cdx-button" /> <input type="submit" name="fulltext" value="Cari" class="cdx-button" /></form></div>Cari berdasarkan kode ISO 639 (Uji coba)<div class="mw-inputbox-centered" style=""><form name="searchbox" class="searchbox mw-inputbox-form-inline" action="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian"><div class="cdx-text-input"><input class="mw-searchInput searchboxInput cdx-text-input__input" name="search" value="ISO 639:" placeholder="" size="8" dir="ltr" /></div> <input type="submit" name="go" value="Tuju" class="cdx-button" /> <input type="submit" name="fulltext" value="Cari" class="cdx-button" /></form></div><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Kolom pencarian ini hanya didukung oleh beberapa antarmuka</span></span> </span></span></span></div> <div class="metadata r-tooltip" style=";position:absolute;z-index:100;top:-85px;right:0.5em; line-height:normal;border-radius:7px;"><div style="opacity:60%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sembarang_di_kategori/Artikel_bahasa_dengan_kotak_info_bahasa" title="Istimewa:Sembarang di kategori/Artikel bahasa dengan kotak info bahasa"><img alt="Artikel bahasa sembarang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/OOjs_UI_icon_die.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_die.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/OOjs_UI_icon_die.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_die.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/OOjs_UI_icon_die.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_die.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div><span class="r-tooltiptext" style="-moz-box-shadow: 2px 2px 4px gray; -webkit-box-shadow: 2px 2px 4px gray; box-shadow: 2px 2px 4px gray;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Halaman bahasa acak</span></span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Slavic_languages_tree.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Slavic_languages_tree.svg/300px-Slavic_languages_tree.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Slavic_languages_tree.svg/450px-Slavic_languages_tree.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Slavic_languages_tree.svg/600px-Slavic_languages_tree.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="730" data-file-height="503" /></a><figcaption>Bagan rumpun bahasa Balto-Slavia.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Rumpun bahasa Balto-Slavia</b> adalah cabang dari <a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Indo-Eropa" title="Rumpun bahasa Indo-Eropa">rumpun bahasa Indo-Eropa</a>. Cabang ini juga terdiri dari <a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Baltik" title="Rumpun bahasa Baltik">Baltik</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Slavia" title="Rumpun bahasa Slavia">bahasa Slavia</a>. Bahasa Baltik dan Slavia berbagi beberapa sifat linguistik yang tidak dapat ditemukan dalam cabang bahasa Indo-Eropa lainnya, yang menunjukkan tahap perkembangan bersama. Meskipun gagasan persatuan bahasa Balto-Slavia telah diperdebatkan<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (sebagian karena kontroversi politik), sekarang ada konsensus umum di antara para pakar dalam linguistik Indo-Eropa untuk mengklasifikasikan bahasa Baltik dan Slavia menjadi satu cabang tunggal, dengan hanya beberapa rincian sifat hubungan kedua bahasa itu yang masih menjadi perselisihan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFortson2010414_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFortson2010414-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Proto-Balto-Slavia" title="Bahasa Proto-Balto-Slavia">Bahasa Proto-Balto-Slavia</a> dapat direkonstruksi dengan <a href="/wiki/Metode_perbandingan" title="Metode perbandingan">metode perbandingan</a>, turunan dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Proto-Indo-Eropa" title="Bahasa Proto-Indo-Eropa">bahasa Proto-Indo-Eropa</a> dengan menggunakan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perubahan_bunyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perubahan bunyi (halaman belum tersedia)">hukum bunyi</a> yang terdefinisi dengan baik, dan dari mana bahasa Slavia dan Baltik diturunkan. Salah satu dialek inovatif yang terpisah dari kesinambungan dialek Balto-Slavia dan menjadi bentuk awal dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Proto-Slavia" title="Bahasa Proto-Slavia">bahasa Proto-Slavia</a>, asal semua bahasa Slavia diturunkan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYoung2009136_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYoung2009136-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Perdebatan_sejarah">Perdebatan sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Balto-Slavia&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Perdebatan sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Balto-Slavia&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Perdebatan sejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sifat hubungan bahasa Balto-Slavia telah menjadi bahan perdebatan sejak awal sejarah linguistik Indo-Eropa sebagai disiplin ilmu. Beberapa lebih berniat menjelaskan kesamaan antara kedua kelompok bukan dalam hal hubungan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_genetika_(linguistik)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan genetika (linguistik) (halaman belum tersedia)">"genetika" linguistik</a>, tetapi dengan kontak bahasa dan kedekatan dialek pada periode Proto-Indo-Eropa. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Balto-Slavic_theories.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Balto-Slavic_theories.svg/220px-Balto-Slavic_theories.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Balto-Slavic_theories.svg/330px-Balto-Slavic_theories.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Balto-Slavic_theories.svg/440px-Balto-Slavic_theories.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="546" data-file-height="177" /></a><figcaption>Berbagai sketsa skematik kemungkinan hubungan bahasa Balto-Slavia alternatif; Van Wijk, 1923.</figcaption></figure> <p>Baltik dan Slavia memiliki banyak kemiripan <a href="/wiki/Fonologi" title="Fonologi">fonologis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leksikon" title="Leksikon">leksikal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morfologi_(linguistik)" title="Morfologi (linguistik)">morfosintaksis</a>, dan dan aksenologis yang erat (tercantum di bawah). Pakar Ilmu Indo-Eropa awal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rasmus_Rask&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rasmus Rask (halaman belum tersedia)">Rasmus Rask</a> dan <a href="/wiki/August_Schleicher" title="August Schleicher">August Schleicher</a> (1861) mengusulkan pemecahan sederhana: Dari Proto-Indo-Eropa menurunkan bahasa Balto-Jermanik-Slavia, dari mana Proto-Balto-Slavia (kemudian dipecah menjadi Proto-Baltik dan Proto-Slavia) Jermanik muncul.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Usulan Schleicher diambil dan disempurnakan oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Brugmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Brugmann (halaman belum tersedia)">Karl Brugmann</a>, yang mencantumkan delapan inovasi sebagai bukti cabang Balto-Slavia dalam karya ilmiah berjudul <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grundriss_der_vergleichenden_Grammatik_der_indogermanischen_Sprachen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grundriss der vergleichenden Grammatik der indogermanischen Sprachen (halaman belum tersedia)">Grundriss der vergleichenden Grammatik der indogermanischen Sprachen</a></i> ("Garis Besar Perbandingan Tata Bahasa Bahasa Indo-Jermanik").<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPetit200421_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetit200421-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Akan tetapi, ahli bahasa asal Latvia bernama <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C4%81nis_Endzel%C4%ABns&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jānis Endzelīns (halaman belum tersedia)">Jānis Endzelīns</a> berpendapat bahwa kesamaan apa pun di antara bahasa Baltik dan Slavia dihasilkan dari <a href="/wiki/Kontak_bahasa" title="Kontak bahasa">kontak bahasa</a> terus-menerus, yaitu bahwa tidak terkait secara genetika dan bahwa tidak ada bahasa Proto-Balto-Slavia. Seorang ahli bahasa dari Prancis bernama <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_Meillet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoine Meillet (halaman belum tersedia)">Antoine Meillet</a> (1905, 1908, 1922, 1925, 1934) menanggapi hipotesis Brugmann, mengemukakan pandangan yang menurutnya semua kesamaan Baltik dan Slavia terjadi secara kebetulan, dengan pengembangan sejalan secara tersendiri, dan juga berpendapat bahwa tidak ada bahasa Proto-Balto-Slavia. Pada gilirannya, ahli bahasa asal Polandia bernama Rozwadowski menunjukkan bahwa kesamaan antara bahasa Baltik dan Slavia adalah hasil dari hubungan genetika dan kontak bahasa kemudian. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Olander&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Olander (halaman belum tersedia)">Thomas Olander</a> menguatkan klaim hubungan genetika dalam penelitiannya di bidang aksentologi perbandingan Balto-Slavia.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meskipun beberapa ahli bahasa masih menolak hubungan genetik, sebagian besar cendekiawan menerima bahwa bahasa Baltik dan Slavia mengalami tahap perkembangan umum. Pandangan ini juga tercermin dalam kebanyakan buku pengantar modern tentang linguistik Indo-Eropa.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalloryAdam200677_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalloryAdam200677-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClackson20076_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClackson20076-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeekes201131_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeekes201131-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKapović20175_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKapović20175-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Penerapan analisis divergensi pohon-bahasa oleh Gray dan Atkinson (2003) mendukung hubungan genetik antara bahasa Baltik dan Slavia, penanggalan pemisahan dari bahasa leluhur sekitar tahun 1400 BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Penggolongan_dalam">Penggolongan dalam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Balto-Slavia&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Penggolongan dalam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Balto-Slavia&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Penggolongan dalam"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pembagian tradisional menjadi dua sub-cabang yang berbeda (yaitu Slavia dan Baltik) sebagian besar didukung oleh para cendekiawan yang menerima Balto-Slavia sebagai cabang Indo-Eropa secara genetika.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClackson2007_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClackson2007-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFortson2010414_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFortson2010414-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeekes201122_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeekes201122-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ada kesepakatan umum bahwa bahasa Baltik dapat dibagi menjadi Baltik Timur (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Lituania" title="Bahasa Lituania">Lituania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Latvia" title="Bahasa Latvia">Latvia</a>) dan Baltik Barat (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Prusia_Kuno" title="Bahasa Prusia Kuno">Prusia Kuno</a>). Keragaman internal Baltik menunjukkan kedalaman waktu yang jauh lebih besar untuk pecahnya bahasa-bahasa Baltik dibandingkan dengan bahasa-bahasa Slavia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYoung2009136_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYoung2009136-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYoung2017486_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYoung2017486-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Bagan pohon "tradisional" Balto-Slavia</b> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r17572906">.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{width:0.7em;padding:0 0.15em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0 0.15em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> </p> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Balto‑Slavia </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r17572906"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Baltik </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r17572906"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Baltik Barat </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Baltik Timur </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Slavia </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Pembagian dwicabang menjadi Baltik dan Slavia ini pertama kali ditantang pada tahun 1960-an, ketika <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Toporov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladimir Toporov (halaman belum tersedia)">Vladimir Toporov</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vyacheslav_Ivanov_(ahli_bahasa)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vyacheslav Ivanov (ahli bahasa) (halaman belum tersedia)">Vyacheslav Ivanov</a> mengamati bahwa perbedaan nyata antara "model struktur" bahasa Baltik dan bahasa Slavia adalah hasil dari sifat inovatif Proto-Slavia, dan yang terakhir telah berevolusi dari tahap awal yang sesuai dengan "model struktural" yang lebih kuno dari <a href="/wiki/Kesinambungan_dialek" title="Kesinambungan dialek">kesinambungan dialek</a> Proto-Baltik.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederik_Kortlandt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederik Kortlandt (halaman belum tersedia)">Frederik Kortlandt</a> (1977, 2018) telah mengusulkan bahwa Baltik Barat dan Baltik Timur sebenarnya tidak lebih dekat hubungannya satu sama lain daripada keduanya terkait dengan Slavia, dan oleh karena itu Balto-Slavia dapat dibagi menjadi tiga cabang yang berjarak sama: Baltik Timur, Baltik Barat, dan Slavia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKortlandt1977323_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKortlandt1977323-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKortlandt2018_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKortlandt2018-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Bagan pohon alternatif Balto-Slavia</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r17572906"> </p> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Balto‑Slavia </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r17572906"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Baltik Barat </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Baltik Timur </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>Slavia </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Meskipun didukung oleh sejumlah cendekiawan,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersen199663_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndersen199663-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDerksen200820_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDerksen200820-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKim20181974_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKim20181974-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hipotesis Kortlandt masih merupakan pandangan minoritas. Beberapa cendekiawan menerima pembagian Kortlandt menjadi tiga cabang sebagai asumsi bawaan, namun percaya bahwa ada cukup bukti untuk menyatukan Baltik Timur dan Baltik Barat di simpul Baltik Tengah.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHill2016_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHill2016-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pembagian tricabang didukung oleh penelitian <a href="/wiki/Glotokronologi" title="Glotokronologi">glotokronologis</a> oleh V. V. Kromer,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sedangkan dua silsilah rumpun yang dihasilkan komputer (dari awal 2000-an) yang mencakup Prusia Kuno memiliki simpul Baltik yang sejajar dengan simpul Slavia.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Balto-Slavic_lng.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Balto-Slavic_lng.png/220px-Balto-Slavic_lng.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Balto-Slavic_lng.png/330px-Balto-Slavic_lng.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Balto-Slavic_lng.png/440px-Balto-Slavic_lng.png 2x" data-file-width="1031" data-file-height="783" /></a><figcaption>Kawasan kesinambungan dialek Balto-Slavia (<i>ungu</i>) dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kebudayaan_arkelologis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kebudayaan arkelologis (halaman belum tersedia)">kebudayaan arkelologis</a> yang berkorelasi dengan penutur Balto-Slavia di Zaman Perunggu (<i>putih</i>). Titik <i>merah</i> = nama-nama <a href="/wiki/Perairan" title="Perairan">perairan</a> bercorak Slavia kuno.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Balto-Slavia&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat pula" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Balto-Slavia&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat pula"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_bahasa_Balto-Slavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar bahasa Balto-Slavia (halaman belum tersedia)">Daftar bahasa Balto-Slavia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kebudayaan_Barang_Kawat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kebudayaan Barang Kawat (halaman belum tersedia)">Kebudayaan Barang Kawat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lokakarya_Internasional_tentang_Aksentologi_Balto-Slavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lokakarya Internasional tentang Aksentologi Balto-Slavia (halaman belum tersedia)">Lokakarya Internasional tentang Aksentologi Balto-Slavia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catatan_kaki">Catatan kaki</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Balto-Slavia&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Catatan kaki" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Balto-Slavia&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Catatan kaki"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Glottolog-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Glottolog_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, ed. (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/{{{glotto}}}">"Balto-Slavia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog 4.8</a></i>. Jena, Jerman: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Balto-Slavia&rft.btitle=Glottolog+4.8&rft.place=Jena%2C+Jerman&rft.pub=Max+Planck+Institute+for+the+Science+of+Human+History&rft.date=2023&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglottolog.org%2Fresource%2Flanguoid%2Fid%2F%7B%7B%7Bglotto%7D%7D%7D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARumpun+bahasa+Balto-Slavia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Tampilkan editors (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Tampilkan_editors" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Tampilkan editors">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/51061/Balto-Slavic-languages">"Balto-Slavic languages. Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2012</span>. <q>Para ahli linguistik yang menerima hipotesis bahasa Balto-Slavia mengaitkan sejumlah besar persamaan dekat dalam perbendaharaan kata, tata bahasa, dan sistem bunyi bahasa Baltik dan Slavia untuk pengembangan dari bentuk awal bahasa yang sama setelah putusnya bahasa Proto-Indo-Eropa. Para ahli linguistik yang menolak hipotesis percaya bahwa kesamaan ialah hasil perkembangan serupa dan saling memengaruhi selama periode kontak panjang.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Balto-Slavic+languages.+Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica.+Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Online&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Inc.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F51061%2FBalto-Slavic-languages&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARumpun+bahasa+Balto-Slavia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFortson2010414-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFortson2010414_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFortson2010414_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFortson2010">Fortson (2010)</a>, hlm. 414.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYoung2009136-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYoung2009136_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYoung2009136_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYoung2009">Young (2009)</a>, hlm. 136.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="Rask" class="citation book">Rask R. K. (1818). <i>Undersögelse om det gamle Nordiske eller Islandske Sprogs Oprindelse [Study on the Origin of the Old Nordic or Icelandic Language]</i>. Kjöbenhavn: Gyldendal.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unders%C3%B6gelse+om+det+gamle+Nordiske+eller+Islandske+Sprogs+Oprindelse+%5BStudy+on+the+Origin+of+the+Old+Nordic+or+Icelandic+Language%5D&rft.place=Kj%C3%B6benhavn&rft.pub=Gyldendal&rft.date=1818&rft.au=Rask+R.+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARumpun+bahasa+Balto-Slavia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> — xii + 312 s.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="Schleicher" class="citation book">Schleicher A. (1853). <i>Die ersten Spaltungen des indogermanischen Urvolkes</i>. Allgemeine Zeitung für Wissenschaft und Literatur.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+ersten+Spaltungen+des+indogermanischen+Urvolkes&rft.pub=Allgemeine+Zeitung+f%C3%BCr+Wissenschaft+und+Literatur&rft.date=1853&rft.au=Schleicher+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARumpun+bahasa+Balto-Slavia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetit200421-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPetit200421_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPetit2004">Petit (2004)</a>, hlm. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOlander2002">Olander (2002)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalloryAdam200677-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalloryAdam200677_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMalloryAdam2006">Mallory & Adam (2006)</a>, hlm. 77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClackson20076-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClackson20076_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClackson2007">Clackson (2007)</a>, hlm. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeekes201131-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeekes201131_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeekes2011">Beekes (2011)</a>, hlm. 31:"The supposed unity of the Balto-Slavic group is often disputed, but it is really above all doubt".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKapović20175-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKapović20175_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKapović2017">Kapović (2017)</a>, hlm. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrayAtkinson2003">Gray & Atkinson (2003)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClackson2007-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClackson2007_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClackson2007">Clackson (2007)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeekes201122-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeekes201122_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeekes2011">Beekes (2011)</a>, hlm. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYoung2017486-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYoung2017486_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYoung2017">Young (2017)</a>, hlm. 486.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Dini, P.U. (2000). <i>Baltų kalbos. Lyginamoji istorija</i>. Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas. hlm. 143. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/5-420-01444-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/5-420-01444-0">5-420-01444-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Balt%C5%B3+kalbos.+Lyginamoji+istorija&rft.place=Vilnius&rft.pages=143&rft.pub=Mokslo+ir+enciklopedij%C5%B3+leidybos+institutas&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=5-420-01444-0&rft.aulast=Dini&rft.aufirst=P.U.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARumpun+bahasa+Balto-Slavia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Бирнбаум Х</i>. О двух направлениях в языковом развитии // Вопросы языкознания, 1985, No. 2, стр. 36</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKortlandt1977323-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKortlandt1977323_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKortlandt1977">Kortlandt (1977)</a>, hlm. 323:"Though Prussian is undoubtedly closer to the East Baltic languages than to Slavic, the characteristic features of the Baltic languages seem to be either retentions or results of parallel development and cultural interaction. Thus I assume that Balto-Slavic split into three identifiable branches, each of which followed its own course of development."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKortlandt2018-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKortlandt2018_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKortlandt2018">Kortlandt (2018)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndersen199663-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersen199663_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAndersen1996">Andersen (1996)</a>, hlm. 63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDerksen200820-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDerksen200820_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDerksen2008">Derksen (2008)</a>, hlm. 20:"I am not convinced that it is justified to reconstruct a Proto-Baltic stage. The term Proto-Baltic is used for convenience’s sake."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKim20181974-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKim20181974_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKim2018">Kim (2018)</a>, hlm. 1974.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHill2016-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHill2016_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHill2016">Hill (2016)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Kromer, Victor V. (2003). "Glottochronology and problems of protolanguage reconstruction".  <i><a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arΧiv</a>:<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/cs/0303007" class="extiw" title="arxiv:cs/0303007">cs/0303007</a></i>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Glottochronology+and+problems+of+protolanguage+reconstruction&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Kromer&rft.aufirst=Victor+V.&rft.au=Kromer%2C%26%2332%3BVictor+V.&rft.date=2003&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Rumpun_bahasa_Balto-Slavia"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClackson2007">Clackson (2007)</a> — the so-called "Pennsylvania Tree" (p. 12) and the so-called "New Zealand Tree" (p. 19)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Balto-Slavia&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Balto-Slavia&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFAndersen1996" class="citation book">Andersen, Henning (1996). <i>Reconstructing Prehistorical Dialects</i>. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/3-11-014705-X" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/3-11-014705-X">3-11-014705-X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reconstructing+Prehistorical+Dialects&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Mouton+de+Gruyter&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=3-11-014705-X&rft.aulast=Andersen&rft.aufirst=Henning&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARumpun+bahasa+Balto-Slavia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBarschelKoziankaWeber1992" class="citation">Barschel; Kozianka; Weber, ed. (1992), <i>Indogermanisch, Baltisch und Slawisch, Kolloquium in Zusammenarbeit mit der Indogermanischen Gesellschaft in Jena, September 1989</i> (dalam bahasa German), <a href="/wiki/Munich" class="mw-redirect" title="Munich">Munich</a>: Otto Sagner, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/3-87690-515-X" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/3-87690-515-X">3-87690-515-X</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indogermanisch%2C+Baltisch+und+Slawisch%2C+Kolloquium+in+Zusammenarbeit+mit+der+Indogermanischen+Gesellschaft+in+Jena%2C+September+1989&rft.place=Munich&rft.pub=Otto+Sagner&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=3-87690-515-X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARumpun+bahasa+Balto-Slavia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBeekes2011" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._P._Beekes" title="Robert S. P. Beekes">Beekes, Robert</a> (2011). <i>Comparative Indo-European Linguistics</i> (edisi ke-2nd.). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Comparative+Indo-European+Linguistics&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.edition=2nd.&rft.pub=John+Benjamins&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Beekes&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARumpun+bahasa+Balto-Slavia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Clackson, James (2007). <i>Indo-European Linguistics, An Introduction</i>. Cambridge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indo-European+Linguistics%2C+An+Introduction&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Clackson&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARumpun+bahasa+Balto-Slavia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCurta2004" class="citation">Curta, Florin (2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://florida.academia.edu/FlorinCurta/Papers/161557/The-Slavic-lingua-franca--Linguistic-notes-of-an-archaeologist-turned-historian-">"The Slavic Lingua Franca. (Linguistic Notes of an Archaeologist Turned Historian)"</a>, <i>East Central Europe/L'Europe du Centre-Est</i>, <b>31</b> (31): 125–148, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F187633004X00134">10.1163/187633004X00134</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=East+Central+Europe%2FL%27Europe+du+Centre-Est&rft.atitle=The+Slavic+Lingua+Franca.+%28Linguistic+Notes+of+an+Archaeologist+Turned+Historian%29&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=31&rft.pages=125-148&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F187633004X00134&rft.aulast=Curta&rft.aufirst=Florin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fflorida.academia.edu%2FFlorinCurta%2FPapers%2F161557%2FThe-Slavic-lingua-franca--Linguistic-notes-of-an-archaeologist-turned-historian-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARumpun+bahasa+Balto-Slavia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDerksen2008" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rick_Derksen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rick Derksen (halaman belum tersedia)">Derksen, Rick</a> (2008). <i>Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon</i>. Leiden: Brill.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Etymological+Dictionary+of+the+Slavic+Inherited+Lexicon&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Derksen&rft.aufirst=Rick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARumpun+bahasa+Balto-Slavia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFFortson2010" class="citation">Fortson, Benjamin W. (2010), <i>Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction</i> (edisi ke-2nd), Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4051-8896-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4051-8896-8">978-1-4051-8896-8</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indo-European+Language+and+Culture%3A+An+Introduction&rft.place=Malden%2C+Massachusetts&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-8896-8&rft.aulast=Fortson&rft.aufirst=Benjamin+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARumpun+bahasa+Balto-Slavia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGrayAtkinson2003" class="citation">Gray, R.D.; Atkinson, Q.D. (2003), "Language-tree divergence times support the Anatolian theory of Indo-European origin", <i>Nature</i>, <b>426</b> (6965): 435–439, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003Natur.426..435G">2003Natur.426..435G</a>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature02029">10.1038/nature02029</a>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14647380">14647380</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Language-tree+divergence+times+support+the+Anatolian+theory+of+Indo-European+origin&rft.volume=426&rft.issue=6965&rft.pages=435-439&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14647380&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature02029&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003Natur.426..435G&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=R.D.&rft.au=Atkinson%2C+Q.D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARumpun+bahasa+Balto-Slavia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHill2016" class="citation journal">Hill, Eugen (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/34288492">"Phonological evidence for a Proto-Baltic stage in the evolution of East and West Baltic"</a>. <i>International Journal of Diachronic Linguistics and Linguistic Reconstruction</i>. <b>13</b>: 205–232.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Diachronic+Linguistics+and+Linguistic+Reconstruction&rft.atitle=Phonological+evidence+for+a+Proto-Baltic+stage+in+the+evolution+of+East+and+West+Baltic&rft.volume=13&rft.pages=205-232&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=Eugen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F34288492&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARumpun+bahasa+Balto-Slavia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHolzer2001" class="citation"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_Holzer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georg Holzer (halaman belum tersedia)">Holzer, Georg</a> (2001), "Zur Lautgeschichte des baltisch-slavischen Areals", <i>Wiener slavistisches Jahrbuch</i> (dalam bahasa German) (47): 33–50</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wiener+slavistisches+Jahrbuch&rft.atitle=Zur+Lautgeschichte+des+baltisch-slavischen+Areals&rft.issue=47&rft.pages=33-50&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Holzer&rft.aufirst=Georg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARumpun+bahasa+Balto-Slavia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHolzer2002" class="citation"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_Holzer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georg Holzer (halaman belum tersedia)">Holzer, Georg</a> (2002), "Urslawisch", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927003925/http://www.uni-klu.ac.at/eeo/Urslawisch.pdf"><i>Enzyklopädie des Europäischen Ostens</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> (dalam bahasa German), Klagenfurt: Wieser Verlag, diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uni-klu.ac.at/eeo/Urslawisch.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 2007-09-27<span class="reference-accessdate">, diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2008-10-01</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Urslawisch&rft.btitle=Enzyklop%C3%A4die+des+Europ%C3%A4ischen+Ostens&rft.place=Klagenfurt&rft.pub=Wieser+Verlag&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Holzer&rft.aufirst=Georg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uni-klu.ac.at%2Feeo%2FUrslawisch.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARumpun+bahasa+Balto-Slavia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHolzer2007" class="citation"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_Holzer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georg Holzer (halaman belum tersedia)">Holzer, Georg</a> (2007), <i>Historische Grammatik des Kroatischen. Einleitung und Lautgeschichte der Standardsprache</i> (dalam bahasa German), <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Frankfurt am Main">Frankfurt am Main</a>: Peter Lang, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-631-56119-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-631-56119-5">978-3-631-56119-5</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historische+Grammatik+des+Kroatischen.+Einleitung+und+Lautgeschichte+der+Standardsprache&rft.place=Frankfurt+am+Main&rft.pub=Peter+Lang&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-3-631-56119-5&rft.aulast=Holzer&rft.aufirst=Georg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARumpun+bahasa+Balto-Slavia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFKapović2017" class="citation book">Kapović, Mate (2017). <i>The Indo-European Languages</i> (edisi ke-2nd). London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-415-73062-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-415-73062-4">978-0-415-73062-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Indo-European+Languages&rft.place=London&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-415-73062-4&rft.aulast=Kapovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Mate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARumpun+bahasa+Balto-Slavia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFKim2018" class="citation book">Kim, Ronald I. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/382815">"The phonology of Balto-Slavic"</a>. Dalam Klein, Jared; Joseph, Brian; Fritz, Matthias. <i>Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics</i>. Vol. 3. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. hlm. 1974–1985.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+phonology+of+Balto-Slavic&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Comparative+and+Historical+Indo-European+Linguistics&rft.place=Berlin&rft.series=Vol.+3&rft.pages=1974-1985&rft.pub=De+Gruyter+Mouton&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Ronald+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F382815&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARumpun+bahasa+Balto-Slavia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFKortlandt1978" class="citation"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederik_Kortlandt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederik Kortlandt (halaman belum tersedia)">Kortlandt, Frederik</a> (1978), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140517143920/https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/dspace/bitstream/1887/1853/1/344_017.pdf">"I.-E. palatovelars before resonants in Balto-Slavic"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>, <i>Recent Developments in Historical Phonology</i>: 237–243, diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/dspace/bitstream/1887/1853/1/344_017.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal May 17, 2014</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Recent+Developments+in+Historical+Phonology&rft.atitle=I.-E.+palatovelars+before+resonants+in+Balto-Slavic&rft.pages=237-243&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=Kortlandt&rft.aufirst=Frederik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenaccess.leidenuniv.nl%2Fdspace%2Fbitstream%2F1887%2F1853%2F1%2F344_017.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARumpun+bahasa+Balto-Slavia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFKortlandt1977" class="citation journal">Kortlandt, Frederik (1977). "Historical laws of Baltic accentuation". <i>Baltistica</i>. <b>13</b> (2): 319–330. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15388%2Fbaltistica.13.2.1129">10.15388/baltistica.13.2.1129</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Baltistica&rft.atitle=Historical+laws+of+Baltic+accentuation&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=319-330&rft.date=1977&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.15388%2Fbaltistica.13.2.1129&rft.aulast=Kortlandt&rft.aufirst=Frederik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARumpun+bahasa+Balto-Slavia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFKortlandt2009" class="citation"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederik_Kortlandt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederik Kortlandt (halaman belum tersedia)">Kortlandt, Frederik</a> (2009), <i>Baltica & Balto-Slavica</i>, Amsterdam-New York: Rodopi, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-90-420-2652-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-90-420-2652-0">978-90-420-2652-0</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Baltica+%26+Balto-Slavica&rft.place=Amsterdam-New+York&rft.pub=Rodopi&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-90-420-2652-0&rft.aulast=Kortlandt&rft.aufirst=Frederik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARumpun+bahasa+Balto-Slavia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFKortlandt2018" class="citation journal">Kortlandt, Frederik (2018). "Proto-Baltic?". <i>Baltistica</i>. <b>53</b> (2): 175–185. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15388%2Fbaltistica.53.2.2338">10.15388/baltistica.53.2.2338</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Baltistica&rft.atitle=Proto-Baltic%3F&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=175-185&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.15388%2Fbaltistica.53.2.2338&rft.aulast=Kortlandt&rft.aufirst=Frederik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARumpun+bahasa+Balto-Slavia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMalloryAdam2006" class="citation book">Mallory, J. P.; Adam, D. Q. (2006). <i>The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-19-928791-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-19-928791-0">0-19-928791-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Introduction+to+Proto-Indo-European+and+the+Proto-Indo-European+World&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-19-928791-0&rft.aulast=Mallory&rft.aufirst=J.+P.&rft.au=Adam%2C+D.+Q.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARumpun+bahasa+Balto-Slavia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranko_Matasovi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ranko Matasović (halaman belum tersedia)">Matasović, Ranko</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061009223421/http://www.leidykla.vu.lt/inetleid/baltistic/40_2/straipsniai/str1.pdf">"Toward a relative chronology of the earliest Baltic and Slavic sound changes"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Baltistica</i>. <b>40</b> (2). <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15388%2Fbaltistica.40.2.674">10.15388/baltistica.40.2.674</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leidykla.vu.lt/inetleid/baltistic/40_2/straipsniai/str1.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal October 9, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Baltistica&rft.atitle=Toward+a+relative+chronology+of+the+earliest+Baltic+and+Slavic+sound+changes&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.15388%2Fbaltistica.40.2.674&rft.aulast=Matasovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Ranko&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leidykla.vu.lt%2Finetleid%2Fbaltistic%2F40_2%2Fstraipsniai%2Fstr1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARumpun+bahasa+Balto-Slavia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMatasović2008" class="citation"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranko_Matasovi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ranko Matasović (halaman belum tersedia)">Matasović, Ranko</a> (2008), <i>Poredbenopovijesna gramatika hrvatskoga jezika</i> (dalam bahasa Croatian), <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matica_hrvatska&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matica hrvatska (halaman belum tersedia)">Matica hrvatska</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-953-150-840-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-953-150-840-7">978-953-150-840-7</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Poredbenopovijesna+gramatika+hrvatskoga+jezika&rft.place=Zagreb&rft.pub=Matica+hrvatska&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-953-150-840-7&rft.aulast=Matasovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Ranko&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARumpun+bahasa+Balto-Slavia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Novotná, Petra; Blažek, Václav (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081031023440/http://www.leidykla.eu/fileadmin/Baltistika/42-2/04_Blazeko.pdf">"Glottochronology and its application to the Balto-Slavic languages"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Baltistica</i>. <b>XLII</b> (2): 185–210. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15388%2Fbaltistica.42.2.1168">10.15388/baltistica.42.2.1168</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leidykla.eu/fileadmin/Baltistika/42-2/04_Blazeko.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 2008-10-31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Baltistica&rft.atitle=Glottochronology+and+its+application+to+the+Balto-Slavic+languages&rft.volume=XLII&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=185-210&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.15388%2Fbaltistica.42.2.1168&rft.aulast=Novotn%C3%A1&rft.aufirst=Petra&rft.au=Bla%C5%BEek%2C+V%C3%A1clav&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leidykla.eu%2Ffileadmin%2FBaltistika%2F42-2%2F04_Blazeko.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARumpun+bahasa+Balto-Slavia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFOlander2002" class="citation"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Olander&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Olander (halaman belum tersedia)">Olander, Thomas</a> (2002), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719132514/http://www.tommeltot.dk/files/olander-bsproblem.pdf"><i>Det baltoslaviske problem – Accentologien</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> (dalam bahasa Danish), diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tommeltot.dk/files/olander-bsproblem.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 2011-07-19<span class="reference-accessdate">, diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2010-07-30</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Det+baltoslaviske+problem+%E2%80%93+Accentologien&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Olander&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tommeltot.dk%2Ffiles%2Folander-bsproblem.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARumpun+bahasa+Balto-Slavia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </span> Thomas Olander's master's thesis on the existence of Balto-Slavic genetic node solely on the basis of accentological evidence</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFOlander2009" class="citation"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Olander&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Olander (halaman belum tersedia)">Olander, Thomas</a> (2009), <i>Balto-Slavic Accentual Mobility</i>, Berlin & New York: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mouton_de_Gruyter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mouton de Gruyter (halaman belum tersedia)">Mouton de Gruyter</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-11-020397-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-11-020397-4">978-3-11-020397-4</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Balto-Slavic+Accentual+Mobility&rft.place=Berlin+%26+New+York&rft.pub=Mouton+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-3-11-020397-4&rft.aulast=Olander&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARumpun+bahasa+Balto-Slavia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPetit2004" class="citation journal">Petit, Daniel (2004). "Les langues baltiques et la question balto-slave". <i>Histoire Épistémologie Langage</i>. <b>26</b> (2): 7–41. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Fhel.2004.2092">10.3406/hel.2004.2092</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Histoire+%C3%89pist%C3%A9mologie+Langage&rft.atitle=Les+langues+baltiques+et+la+question+balto-slave&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=7-41&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Fhel.2004.2092&rft.aulast=Petit&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARumpun+bahasa+Balto-Slavia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFStang1957" class="citation"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Stang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian Stang (halaman belum tersedia)">Stang, Christian</a> (1957), <i>Slavonic accentuation</i>, <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a>: Universitetsforlaget, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-82-00-06078-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-82-00-06078-9">978-82-00-06078-9</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slavonic+accentuation&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=Universitetsforlaget&rft.date=1957&rft.isbn=978-82-00-06078-9&rft.aulast=Stang&rft.aufirst=Christian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARumpun+bahasa+Balto-Slavia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSzemerényi1957" class="citation"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oswald_Szemer%C3%A9nyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oswald Szemerényi (halaman belum tersedia)">Szemerényi, Oswald</a> (1957), "The problem of Balto-Slav unity", <i>Kratylos</i>, <b>2</b>: 97–123</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kratylos&rft.atitle=The+problem+of+Balto-Slav+unity&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=97-123&rft.date=1957&rft.aulast=Szemer%C3%A9nyi&rft.aufirst=Oswald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARumpun+bahasa+Balto-Slavia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFYoung2009" class="citation">Young, Steven (2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F2SRqDzB50wC&pg=PA135">"Balto-Slavic languages"</a>, <i>Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World</i>: 135–136, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-08-087774-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-08-087774-7">978-0-08-087774-7</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Concise+Encyclopedia+of+Languages+of+the+World&rft.atitle=Balto-Slavic+languages&rft.pages=135-136&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-08-087774-7&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF2SRqDzB50wC%26pg%3DPA135&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARumpun+bahasa+Balto-Slavia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFYoung2017" class="citation book">Young, Steven (2017). "Baltic". Dalam Kapović, Mate. <i>The Indo-European Languages</i> (edisi ke-2nd). London: Routledge. hlm. 486–518. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-415-73062-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-415-73062-4">978-0-415-73062-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Baltic&rft.btitle=The+Indo-European+Languages&rft.place=London&rft.pages=486-518&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-415-73062-4&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Steven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARumpun+bahasa+Balto-Slavia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Balto-Slavia&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Balto-Slavia&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kortlandt.nl/publications/art218e.pdf">Balto-Slavic Accentuation</a>, by Kortlandt; a very idiosyncratic approach to Balto-Slavic accentuation</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFТрубачев_О.Бернштейн_С.2005" class="citation"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oleg_Trubachyov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oleg Trubachyov (halaman belum tersedia)">Трубачев О.</a>; Бернштейн С. (2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kroraina.com/slav/bern_trub.htm">"Отрывки о балто-южнославянских изоглосах"</a>, <bdi lang="ru">Сравнительная грамматика славянских языков</bdi> (dalam bahasa Rusia), Moscow: Наука</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%BE+%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%BE-%D1%8E%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%85&rft.btitle=%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pub=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft.date=2005&rft.au=%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2+%D0%9E.&rft.au=%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD+%D0%A1.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kroraina.com%2Fslav%2Fbern_trub.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ARumpun+bahasa+Balto-Slavia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> (Bernstein and Trubachev on the Balto-South-Slavic isoglosses)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://puls.cs.helsinki.fi/bsnlp-2013">Biennial International Workshop on Balto-Slavic Natural Language Processing</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18590415">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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title="Rumpun bahasa Baltik">Baltik</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Barat</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Galindia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Galindia (halaman belum tersedia)">Galindia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Prusia_Kuno" title="Bahasa Prusia Kuno">Prusia Kuno</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Sudovia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Sudovia (halaman belum tersedia)">Sudovia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Timur</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Kurzeme" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Kurzeme">Kurzeme</a></i>? (terkadang dianggap Baltik Barat)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Latgalia" title="Bahasa Latgalia">Latgalia</a> (terkadang dianggap dialek Latvia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Latvia" title="Bahasa Latvia">Latvia</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Kursenieki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Kursenieki (halaman belum tersedia)">Kursenieki</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Lituania" title="Bahasa Lituania">Lituania</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dialek_Auk%C5%A1taitia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dialek Aukštaitia (halaman belum tersedia)">Aukštaitia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialek_Samogitia" title="Dialek Samogitia">Samogitia</a> (terkadang dianggap bahasa tersendiri)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Selonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Selonia (halaman belum tersedia)">Selonia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Zemgale" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Zemgale">Zemgale</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Dnieper</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Galindia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Galindia (halaman belum tersedia)">Galindia Mozhaysk</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-weight:normal;">(<i>tidak diketahui</i>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suku_Skalvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suku Skalvia (halaman belum tersedia)">Skalvia</a>? (kemungkinan Baltik Barat)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Slavia" title="Rumpun bahasa Slavia">Slavia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_rumpun_bahasa_Slavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah rumpun bahasa Slavia (halaman belum tersedia)">Sejarah</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Proto-Balto-Slavia" title="Bahasa Proto-Balto-Slavia">Proto-Balto-Slavic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_bahasa_Proto-Slavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah bahasa Proto-Slavia (halaman belum tersedia)">Pra-Proto-Slavia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Proto-Slavia" title="Bahasa Proto-Slavia">Bahasa Proto-Slavia</a></i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Aksen_Proto-Slavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aksen Proto-Slavia (halaman belum tersedia)">Aksen</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Slavonia_Gerejawi_Kuno" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Slavonia Gerejawi Kuno">Slavonia Gerejawi Kuno</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Slavia_Timur" title="Rumpun bahasa Slavia Timur">Timur</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Belarus" title="Bahasa Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Slavia_Timur_Kuno" title="Bahasa Slavia Timur Kuno">Slavia Timur Kuno</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Novgorod_Kuno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Novgorod Kuno (halaman belum tersedia)">Novgorod Kuno</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Rusia" title="Bahasa Rusia">Rusia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Rutenia" title="Bahasa Rutenia">Rutenia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Ukraina" title="Bahasa Ukraina">Ukraina</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Ukraina_Kanada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Ukraina Kanada (halaman belum tersedia)">Bahasa Ukraina Kanada</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Slavia_Selatan" title="Rumpun bahasa Slavia Selatan">Selatan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Timur</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Bulgaria" title="Bahasa Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Slavonia_Gerejawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Slavonia Gerejawi">Slavonia Gerejawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Makedonia" title="Bahasa Makedonia">Makedonia Utara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transisi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Torlakia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Torlakia (halaman belum tersedia)">Torlakia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Barat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Serbo-Kroasia" title="Bahasa Serbo-Kroasia">Serbo-Kroasia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Bosnia" title="Bahasa Bosnia">Bosnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Kroasia" title="Bahasa Kroasia">Kroasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Montenegro" title="Bahasa Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Serbia" title="Bahasa Serbia">Serbia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Slovenia" title="Bahasa Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Slavia_Barat" title="Rumpun bahasa Slavia Barat">Barat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Ceska%E2%80%93Slowakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumpun bahasa Ceska–Slowakia">Ceska–Slowakia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Ceska" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Ceska">Ceska</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Ceska_Yahudi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Ceska Yahudi (halaman belum tersedia)">Ceska Yahudi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Moravia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Moravia (halaman belum tersedia)">Moravia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Slowakia" title="Bahasa Slowakia">Slowakia</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Slowakia_Timur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Slowakia Timur (halaman belum tersedia)">Slowakia Timur</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Lechia" title="Rumpun bahasa Lechia">Lechia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Polabia" title="Bahasa Polabia">Polabia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Polandia" title="Bahasa Polandia">Polandia</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dialek-dialek_Polandia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dialek-dialek Polandia (halaman belum tersedia)">Dialek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Ma%C5%82opolska&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Małopolska (halaman belum tersedia)">Małopolska</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Masovia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Masovia (halaman belum tersedia)">Masovia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Masuria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Masuria (halaman belum tersedia)">Masuria</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Polandia_Kuno" title="Bahasa Polandia Kuno">Polandia Kuno</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Polandia_Pertengahan" title="Bahasa Polandia Pertengahan">Bahasa Polandia Pertengahan</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Pomerania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Pomerania (halaman belum tersedia)">Pomerania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Kashubia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Kashubia">Kashubia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Slovincia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Slovincia (halaman belum tersedia)">Slovincia</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Sorbia" title="Bahasa Sorbia">Sorbia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Sorbia_Hulu" title="Bahasa Sorbia Hulu">Sorbia Hulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Sorbia_Hilir" title="Bahasa Sorbia Hilir">Sorbia Hilir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikrobahasa_Slavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikrobahasa Slavia (halaman belum tersedia)">Mikro-<br />bahasa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Timur</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Rusyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Rusyn">Rusyn (Karpatia)</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lemko (halaman belum tersedia)">Lemko</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Rusyn_Panonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Rusyn Panonia (halaman belum tersedia)">Bahasa Rusyn Panonia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Podlachia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Podlachia (halaman belum tersedia)">Podlachia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Polesia_Barat" title="Bahasa Polesia Barat">Polesia Barat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Selatan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Bulgaria_Banat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Bulgaria Banat (halaman belum tersedia)">Bulgaria Banat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Bunjevac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Bunjevac (halaman belum tersedia)">Bunjevac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Kroasia_Burgenland" title="Bahasa Kroasia Burgenland">Kroasia Burgenland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Chakavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Chakavia (halaman belum tersedia)">Chakavia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Kajkavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Kajkavia (halaman belum tersedia)">Kajkavia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Slavomolisano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Slavomolisano (halaman belum tersedia)">Slavomolisano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Pomak" title="Bahasa Pomak">Pomak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Slovenia_Prekmurje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Slovenia Prekmurje (halaman belum tersedia)">Prekmurje</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Resia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Resia (halaman belum tersedia)">Resia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Shtokavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Shtokavia (halaman belum tersedia)">Shtokavia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dialek-dialek_Slavia_di_Yunani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dialek-dialek Slavia di Yunani (halaman belum tersedia)">Mikrobahasa Slavia Yunani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Barat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suku_Goral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suku Goral (halaman belum tersedia)">Podhale</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dialek-dialek_Lach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dialek-dialek Lach (halaman belum tersedia)">Lach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Silesia" title="Bahasa Silesia">Silesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Cieszyn%E2%80%93Silesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Cieszyn–Silesia">Cieszyn–Silesia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_campuran" title="Bahasa campuran">Campuran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Balachka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Balachka (halaman belum tersedia)">Balachka</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Pijin_Tiongkok%E2%80%93Rusia_Kyakhta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Pijin Tiongkok–Rusia Kyakhta (halaman belum tersedia)">Pijin Tiongkok–Rusia Kyakhta</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Romani-Serbia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Romani-Serbia (halaman belum tersedia)">Romani-Serbia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Russenorsk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Russenorsk (halaman belum tersedia)">Russenorsk</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Surzhyk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Surzhyk (halaman belum tersedia)">Surzhyk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Trasianka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Trasianka (halaman belum tersedia)">Trasianka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_buatan" title="Bahasa buatan">Buatan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Pan-Slavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Pan-Slavia (halaman belum tersedia)">Pan-Slavia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Interslavia" title="Bahasa Interslavia">Interslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Slovio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Slovio (halaman belum tersedia)">Slovio</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Slavoni-Serbia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Slavoni-Serbia (halaman belum tersedia)">Slavoni-Serbia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Iazychie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Iazychie (halaman belum tersedia)">Iazychie</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Slavia_Angkatan_Darat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Slavia Angkatan Darat (halaman belum tersedia)">Slavia Angkatan Darat</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fonologi<br />sejarah</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palatalisasi_pertama_Slavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palatalisasi pertama Slavia (halaman belum tersedia)">Palatalisasi pertama Slavia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palatalasisasi_kedua_Slavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palatalasisasi kedua Slavia (halaman belum tersedia)">Palatalasisasi kedua Slavia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pleofoni_dan_metatesis_likuida_Slavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pleofoni dan metatesis likuida Slavia (halaman belum tersedia)">Pleofoni dan metatesis likuida Slavia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monoftongisasi_diftong_Proto-Slavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monoftongisasi diftong Proto-Slavia (halaman belum tersedia)">Monoftongisasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hukum_Dybo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hukum Dybo (halaman belum tersedia)">Hukum Dybo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hukum_Havl%C3%ADk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hukum Havlík (halaman belum tersedia)">Hukum Havlík</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hukum_Hirt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hukum Hirt (halaman belum tersedia)">Hukum Hirt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hukum_Illi%C4%8D-Svity%C4%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hukum Illič-Svityč (halaman belum tersedia)">Hukum Illič-Svityč</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hukum_Iv%C5%A1i%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hukum Ivšić (halaman belum tersedia)">Hukum Ivšić</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hukum_Meillet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hukum Meillet (halaman belum tersedia)">Hukum Meillet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hukum_Pedersen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hukum Pedersen (halaman belum tersedia)">Hukum Pedersen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hukum_bunyi_Ruki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hukum bunyi Ruki (halaman belum tersedia)">Hukum bunyi Ruki</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hukum_Van_Wijk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hukum Van Wijk (halaman belum tersedia)">Hukum Van Wijk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hukum_Winter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hukum Winter (halaman belum tersedia)">Hukum Winter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>huruf miring</i> menunjukkan <a href="/wiki/Kematian_bahasa" title="Kematian bahasa">bahasa mati atau punah</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rumpun_bahasa_Indo-Eropa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Rumpun_bahasa_Indo-Eropa" title="Templat:Rumpun bahasa Indo-Eropa"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Rumpun_bahasa_Indo-Eropa" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Rumpun bahasa Indo-Eropa"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Rumpun_bahasa_Indo-Eropa&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rumpun_bahasa_Indo-Eropa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Indo-Eropa" title="Rumpun bahasa Indo-Eropa">Rumpun bahasa Indo-Eropa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Albania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Albania" title="Bahasa Albania">Albania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Armenia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Armenia" title="Bahasa Armenia">Armenia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Balto-Slavia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Baltik" title="Rumpun bahasa Baltik">Baltik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Slavia" title="Rumpun bahasa Slavia">Slavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Kelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumpun bahasa Kelt">Kelt</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Kelt_Kepulauan" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumpun bahasa Kelt Kepulauan">Kelt Kepulauan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Kelt_Benua" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumpun bahasa Kelt Benua">Kelt Benua</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Jermanik" title="Rumpun bahasa Jermanik">Jermanik</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Jermanik_Utara" title="Rumpun bahasa Jermanik Utara">Jermanik Utara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Jermanik_Barat" title="Rumpun bahasa Jermanik Barat">Jermanik Barat</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Jermanik_Timur" title="Rumpun bahasa Jermanik Timur">Jermanik Timur</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Helenik" title="Rumpun bahasa Helenik">Helenik</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani" title="Bahasa Yunani">Yunani</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Makedonia_Kuno" title="Bahasa Makedonia Kuno">Makedonia Kuno</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Indo-Iran" title="Rumpun bahasa Indo-Iran">Indo-Iran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Indo-Arya" title="Rumpun bahasa Indo-Arya">Indo-Arya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Iran" title="Rumpun bahasa Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Nuristan" title="Rumpun bahasa Nuristan">Nuristan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Italik" title="Rumpun bahasa Italik">Italik</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Latin-Faliski" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumpun bahasa Latin-Faliski">Latin-Faliski</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Oska-Umbria" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumpun bahasa Oska-Umbria">Oska-Umbria</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Tokharia" title="Bahasa Tokharia">Tokharia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Tokharia A</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Kucha" title="Bahasa Kucha">Tokharia B</a></i></li> <li><i>Tokharia C</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Anatolia" title="Rumpun bahasa Anatolia">Anatolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Het" title="Bahasa Het">Het</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Pala" title="Bahasa Pala">Pala</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Lidia" title="Bahasa Lidia">Lidia</a></i></li> <li><i>Luwik</i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Luwia" title="Bahasa Luwia">Luwia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Likia" title="Bahasa Likia">Likia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Milya" title="Bahasa Milya">Milya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Karia" title="Bahasa Karia">Karia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Side" title="Bahasa Side">Side</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Pisidia" title="Bahasa Pisidia">Pisidia</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="font-size:85%;">(<i>tidak terklasifikasi</i>)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Belgia_Kuno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Belgia Kuno (halaman belum tersedia)">Belgia Kuno</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Dacia" title="Bahasa Dacia">Dacia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Elimia" title="Bahasa Elimia">Elimia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Frigia" title="Bahasa Frigia">Frigia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Iliria" title="Bahasa Iliria">Iliria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Isauria" title="Bahasa Isauria">Isauria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Liburnia" title="Bahasa Liburnia">Liburnia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Lusitania" title="Bahasa Lusitania">Lusitania</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Messapia" title="Bahasa Messapia">Messapia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Misia" title="Bahasa Misia">Misia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Paeonia" title="Bahasa Paeonia">Paeonia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Sikeloi" title="Bahasa Sikeloi">Sikeloi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Trakia" title="Bahasa Trakia">Trakia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Venetia" title="Bahasa Venetia">Venetia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_purba" title="Bahasa purba"><i>bahasa proto</i></a>)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Proto-Indo-Eropa" title="Bahasa Proto-Indo-Eropa">Proto-Indo-Eropa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Proto-Albania" title="Bahasa Proto-Albania">Proto-Albania</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Proto-Armenia" title="Bahasa Proto-Armenia">Proto-Armenia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Proto-Balto-Slavia" title="Bahasa Proto-Balto-Slavia">Proto-Balto-Slavia</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Proto-Slavia" title="Bahasa Proto-Slavia">Proto-Slavia</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Proto-Kelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Proto-Kelt">Proto-Kelt</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Proto-Jermanik" title="Bahasa Proto-Jermanik">Proto-Jermanik</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Proto-Nordik" title="Bahasa Proto-Nordik">Proto-Nordik</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Proto-Helenik" title="Bahasa Proto-Helenik">Proto-Helenik</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Proto-Indo-Iran" title="Bahasa Proto-Indo-Iran">Proto-Indo-Iran</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Proto-Indo-Arya" title="Bahasa Proto-Indo-Arya">Proto-Indo-Arya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Proto-Iran" title="Bahasa Proto-Iran">Proto-Iran</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Proto-Italik" title="Bahasa Proto-Italik">Proto-Italik</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Proto-Roman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Proto-Roman (halaman belum tersedia)">Proto-Roman</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Proto-Tokharia" title="Bahasa Proto-Tokharia">Proto-Tokharia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Proto-Anatolia" title="Bahasa Proto-Anatolia">Proto-Anatolia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Huruf miring</i> menunjukkan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_mati" title="Bahasa mati">bahasa mati atau punah</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147356#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147356#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengawasan_otoritas" title="Bantuan:Pengawasan otoritas">Pengawasan otoritas</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147356#identifiers" title="Sunting ini di Wikidata"><img alt="Sunting ini di Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Umum</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4361696-3">Integrated Authority File (Jerman)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perpustakaan nasional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11933926c">Prancis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11933926c">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85011384">Amerika Serikat</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lain-lain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/826266/">Faceted Application of Subject Terminology</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUDOC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SUDOC (identifier)">SUDOC (Prancis)</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027257711">1</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Balto-Slavia&oldid=25961004">https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rumpun_bahasa_Balto-Slavia&oldid=25961004</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Daftar_kategori" title="Istimewa:Daftar kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rumpun_bahasa_Balto-Slavia" title="Kategori:Rumpun bahasa Balto-Slavia">Rumpun bahasa Balto-Slavia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Rumpun_bahasa_Indo-Eropa" title="Kategori:Rumpun bahasa Indo-Eropa">Rumpun bahasa Indo-Eropa</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Halaman_dengan_argumen_ganda_di_pemanggilan_templat" title="Kategori:Halaman dengan argumen ganda di pemanggilan templat">Halaman dengan argumen ganda di pemanggilan templat</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Tampilkan_editors" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Tampilkan editors">Pemeliharaan CS1: Tampilkan editors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Halaman_artikel_bahasa_dengan_peta" title="Kategori:Halaman artikel bahasa dengan peta">Halaman artikel bahasa dengan peta</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_bahasa_tanpa_jumlah_penutur" title="Kategori:Artikel bahasa tanpa jumlah penutur">Artikel bahasa tanpa jumlah penutur</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_bahasa_dengan_tanggal_populasi_yang_tidak_valid" title="Kategori:Artikel bahasa dengan tanggal populasi yang tidak valid">Artikel bahasa dengan tanggal populasi yang tidak valid</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_bahasa_tanpa_kode_bahasa" title="Kategori:Artikel bahasa tanpa kode bahasa">Artikel bahasa tanpa kode bahasa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_bahasa_tanpa_kode_Glottolog" title="Kategori:Artikel bahasa tanpa kode Glottolog">Artikel bahasa tanpa kode Glottolog</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_bahasa_Juni_2024" title="Kategori:Artikel bahasa Juni 2024">Artikel bahasa Juni 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Semua_artikel_bahasa" title="Kategori:Semua artikel bahasa">Semua artikel bahasa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_bahasa_dengan_field_infobox_yang_tidak_didukung" title="Kategori:Artikel bahasa dengan field infobox yang tidak didukung">Artikel bahasa dengan field infobox yang tidak didukung</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_bahasa_dengan_kotak_info_bahasa" title="Kategori:Artikel bahasa dengan kotak info bahasa">Artikel bahasa dengan kotak info bahasa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Halaman_dengan_rujukan_yang_menggunakan_parameter_yang_tidak_didukung" title="Kategori:Halaman dengan rujukan yang menggunakan parameter yang tidak didukung">Halaman dengan rujukan yang menggunakan parameter yang tidak didukung</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_menggunakan_skrip_berbahasa_Rusia_(ru)" title="Kategori:CS1 menggunakan skrip berbahasa Rusia (ru)">CS1 menggunakan skrip 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