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<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Physlet Quantum Physics</title> <script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.dataLayer.push({ 'page_type':null }); window.dataLayer.push({ 'user_id':null }); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-PJ9N8DM');</script> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="MSSmartTagsPreventParsing" content="TRUE" /> <meta name="Rating" content="General" /> <meta name="Organization" content="ComPADRE Digital Library" /> <script language="Javascript" 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class="aaptLink" href="https://www.aapt.org" id="LidPH-1-AAPT"></a> <div class="headerLinks"> </div> <div id="headerSearch"> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div id="topNav"> <ul id="subMenuList"> <li> <a href="https://www.compadre.org/PQP/preface/" class="first"><span>0.</span>Preface</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.compadre.org/PQP/introduction/" class="first"><span>I.</span>Introduction</a>  <ul> <li><a href="/PQP/introduction/intro1.cfm"><span>1:</span> Introduction to Physlets</a></li> </ul>  </li> <li> <a href="https://www.compadre.org/PQP/special-relativity/"><span>II.</span>Special Relativity</a>  <ul> <li><a href="/PQP/special-relativity/intro2.cfm"><span>2:</span> Space & Time in Special Relativity</a></li> <li><a href="/PQP/special-relativity/intro3.cfm"><span>3:</span> Relativistic Mechanics</a></li> </ul>  </li> <li> <a href="https://www.compadre.org/PQP/quantum-need/"><span>III.</span>Need for a Quantum Theory</a>  <ul> <li><a href="/PQP/quantum-need/intro4.cfm"><span>4:</span> From Blackbody to Bohr</a></li> <li><a href="/PQP/quantum-need/intro5.cfm"><span>5:</span> Wave-Particle Duality</a></li> </ul>  </li> <li> <a href="https://www.compadre.org/PQP/quantum-theory/"><span>IV.</span>Quantum Theory</a>  <ul> <li><a href="/PQP/quantum-theory/intro6.cfm"><span>6:</span> Classical and Quantum-mechanical Probability</a></li> <li><a href="/PQP/quantum-theory/intro7.cfm"><span>7:</span> The Schrödinger Equation</a></li> <li><a href="/PQP/quantum-theory/intro8.cfm"><span>8:</span> The Free Particle</a></li> <li><a href="/PQP/quantum-theory/intro9.cfm"><span>9:</span> Scattering in One Dimension</a></li> <li><a href="/PQP/quantum-theory/intro10.cfm"><span>10:</span> The Infinite Square Well</a></li> <li><a href="/PQP/quantum-theory/intro11.cfm"><span>11:</span> The Finite Square Well and Other Piecewise-constant Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/PQP/quantum-theory/intro12.cfm"><span>12:</span> The Harmonic Oscillator and Other Spatially-varying Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/PQP/quantum-theory/intro13.cfm"><span>13:</span> Multi-dimensional Wells</a></li> </ul>  </li> <li> <a href="https://www.compadre.org/PQP/applications/"><span>V.</span>Applications</a>  <ul> <li><a href="/PQP/applications/intro14.cfm"><span>14:</span> Atomic, Molecular, and Nuclear Physics</a></li> <li><a href="/PQP/applications/intro15.cfm"><span>15:</span> Statistical Mechanics</a></li> </ul>  </li> <li> <a href="https://www.compadre.org/PQP/preface/bibliography.cfm" class="first">Bibliography</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="shell"> <div id="navigation"> <div class="navGroup"> <span class="navHeader">Physlet<sup>®</sup> Quantum Physics 3E</span> <ul class="homeNavList"> <li><a href="https://www.compadre.org/PQP/introduction/">Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compadre.org/PQP/special-relativity/">Special Relativity</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compadre.org/PQP/quantum-need/">The Need for a Quantum Theory</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compadre.org/PQP/quantum-theory/">Quantum Theory</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compadre.org/PQP/applications/">Applications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="navGroup"> <span class="navHeader">Preface</span> <ul class="homeNavList"> <li><a href="https://www.compadre.org/PQP/preface/beforeyoustart.cfm" style="color:red">Before You Start</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compadre.org/PQP/preface/">Preface</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compadre.org/PQP/preface/requirements.cfm">System Requirements</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compadre.org/PQP/credits.cfm">Credits</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compadre.org/PQP/conditions_of_use.cfm">Conditions of Use</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="navGroup"> <span class="navHeader">Download the eBook</span> <div class="appBadges"> <a title="Get Physlet Physics on the App Store" href="https://books.apple.com/us/book/id1472686899" target="itunes_store"><img src="/PQP/images/iBooks.png" width="137" height="41" alt="Download on iBooks" /></a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="content"> <img src="images/pqp3eCover.png" width="300" height="395" alt="Physlet Quantum Physics 3E Cover image" id="homeCover" /> <h1 id="homeTitle">Physlet<sup>®</sup> Quantum Physics 3E</h1> <p class="subtitle">An Interactive Introduction</p> <p class="authors"> Mario Belloni<br /> Wolfgang Christian<br /> Anne J. Cox </p> <p class="disclaimer">Except for the exercises placed in the public domain, <em>Physlet® Quantum Physics 3E</em>, i.e., the text and associated script for the Illustrations, Explorations, and Problems in <em>Physlet® Quantum Physics 3E</em> are copyrighted by Wolfgang Christian and Mario Belloni for the English language and all other languages. Public domain Physlet-based exercises are marked near the bottom of the individual html pages on which they appear.</p> <div class="prefaceArea"> <div class="prefaceGroup"> <span class="navHeader">Preface</span> <ul class="homeNavList"> <li><a href="https://www.compadre.org/PQP/preface/">Preface</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compadre.org/PQP/preface/requirements.cfm">System Requirements</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compadre.org/PQP/credits.cfm">Credits</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compadre.org/PQP/conditions_of_use.cfm">Conditions of Use</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="prefaceGroup"> <span class="navHeader">Download the eBook</span> <div class="appBadges"> <a title="Get Physlet Physics on the App Store" href="https://books.apple.com/us/book/id1472686899" target="itunes_store"><img src="/PQP/images/iBooks.png" width="137" height="41" alt="Download on iBooks" /></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div id="ospNetwork"> <strong>OSP Projects:</strong> <div> <img src="https://www.compadre.org/osp/images/ospn/osp.png" width="19" height="19" alt="" /> <a href="https://www.compadre.org/osp/">Open Source Physics</a> - <a href="https://www.compadre.org/osp/search/categories.cfm?t=Overview">EJS Modeling</a> </div> <div> <img src="https://www.compadre.org/osp/images/ospn/tracker.png" width="19" height="19" alt="" /> <a href="https://tracker.physlets.org/">Tracker</a> </div> <div> <img src="https://www.compadre.org/osp/images/ospn/physlets3.png" width="19" height="19" alt="" /> <a href="https://www.compadre.org/physlets/">Physlet Physics</a> </div> <div> <img src="https://www.compadre.org/osp/images/ospn/pqp.png" width="19" height="19" alt="" /> <a href="https://www.compadre.org/pqp/">Physlet Quantum Physics</a> </div> <div> <img src="https://www.compadre.org/osp/images/ospn/stpbook-trans.png" width="19" height="19" alt="" /> <a href="https://www.compadre.org/stpbook/">STP Book</a> </div> </div> <div id="footer"> <p class="leftArea"><strong>Physlet Quantum Physics 3rd edition</strong><br /><a href="https://www.compadre.org/" class="hosting">Hosted by comPADRE</a></p> <p class="ccl">©2025 M. 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