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a <b>Birnweggen</b> (česky <i>hruškový chléb</i>) je tradiční pečivo švýcarských <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alpy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alpy">Alp</a> a alpského předhůří, plněné sušenými <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hru%C5%A1ka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hruška">hruškami</a>. Kromě hrušek může náplň obsahovat také <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rozinka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rozinka">rozinky</a> (sultánky), <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vla%C5%A1sk%C3%A9_o%C5%99echy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vlašské ořechy">vlašské ořechy</a> a často také <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%ADk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fík">fíky</a> a kousky sušených jablek. Náplň bývá ochucena <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kandovan%C3%A9_ovoce?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kandované ovoce">kandovanou</a> pomerančovou kůrou, kandovanou citronovou kůrou, <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Koriandr?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Koriandr">koriandrem</a>, <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sko%C5%99ice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Skořice">skořicí</a>, <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bady%C3%A1n?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Badyán">badyánem</a>, <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/An%C3%BDz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Anýz">anýzem</a> a hřebíčkem, stejně jako pálenkou z vinných matolin Tresterbrand, třešňovou pálenkou Kirschwasser nebo vínem.</p> <table class="infobox vcard" style="width:22em;width: 22em;"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-color: #D3D3D3; color: #000000;">Birnbrot</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soubor:B%C3%BCndner_Birnbrot.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/B%C3%BCndner_Birnbrot.jpg/250px-B%C3%BCndner_Birnbrot.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/B%25C3%25BCndner_Birnbrot.jpg/375px-B%25C3%25BCndner_Birnbrot.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/B%25C3%25BCndner_Birnbrot.jpg/500px-B%25C3%25BCndner_Birnbrot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2349" data-file-height="1744"></a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #D3D3D3; color: #000000;">Základní informace</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Místo původu</th> <td><span class="wd"><a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%A0v%C3%BDcarsko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Švýcarsko">Švýcarsko</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Logo Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Logo Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></span></span> <b><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Birnbrot" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Birnbrot">multimediální obsah</a></b> na <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size: smaller;">Některá data mohou pocházet z <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865777" class="extiw" title="d:Q865777">datové položky</a>.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soubor:Birnweggen.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Birnweggen.jpg/220px-Birnweggen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Birnweggen.jpg/330px-Birnweggen.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Birnweggen.jpg/440px-Birnweggen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2103" data-file-height="1512"></a> <figcaption> Birnweggen </figcaption> </figure> <p>Mezi populární varianty hruškového chleba patří:</p> <ul> <li><i>Bündner Birnbrot</i>, jinak také <i>Huxelbrot</i> (<a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9torom%C3%A1n%C5%A1tina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rétorománština">rétorománsky</a> <i>Paun cun paira</i>), připravovaný v švýcarském kantonu <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Graub%C3%BCnden?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Graubünden">Graubünden</a>,</li> <li><i>Glarner Birnbrot</i> připravovaný v kantonu <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Glarus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Glarus">Glarus</a>,</li> <li><i>Toggenburger Birnbrot</i> připravovaný v oblasti údolí Toggenburg,</li> <li><i>Luzerner Birnweggen</i> připravovaný v kantonu <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lucern_(kanton)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lucern (kanton)">Luzern</a>.</li> </ul> <p>Birnbrot a Birnweggen lze rozlišit podle způsobu přípravy a oblasti výroby. Birnbrot se připravuje tak, že se hrušková náplň smíchá s chlebovým těstem vyrobeným z mouky Ruchmehl a tato směs se obalí tenkou vrstvou kynutého těsta. Naproti tomu Birnweggen se připravuje tak, že se náplň rozetře na tenkou vrstvu kynutého těsta, která se zavine. Birnbrot je běžný ve východních švýcarských Alpách a předhůří Alp, zatímco Birnweggen je běžný ve středním Švýcarsku.</p> <p>V minulosti byl Birnbrot chlebem chudých lidí, kteří se ve švýcarských Alpách a oblasti alpského předhůří živili především chovem dobytka a chlebové obilí z nížin pro ně bylo drahé. Obilí proto nastavovali sušenými plody. V kantonu Graubünden jsou vyráběny lokální varianty hruškového chleba. Tento chléb má velký podíl chlebového těsta (chlebové mouky) a je pečen bez obalení těstem.</p> <p>V případě výroby hruškového chleba Glarner a Toggenburger jsou hrušky uvařeny, propasírovány a následně smíchány s ostatními přísadami. V případě výroby chleba Bündener jsou hrušky přes noc namočeny v hruškové pálence nebo růžové vodě, následně se nepasírují, což dává tomuto chlebu hrubší strukturu a silnější hruškovou chuť.</p> <p>Tradičně jsou Birnbrot a Birnweggen pečivem období adventu a vánočních svátků, v kantonu Graubünden pak především období přelomu roku. V obci Scuol, ležící v tomto kantonu, je zvykem, že dívky dávají 26. prosince hruškový chléb svým nejoblíbenějším spolužákům a zato jsou od nich pozvány k jízdě na saních.</p> <p>Dnes je Birnbrot v německy hovořící části Švýcarska dostupný celoročně. Birnbrot je konzumován namazaný máslem ke kávě nebo v kombinaci s čerstvým sýrem, velmi populární je také jako občerstvení pro turisty a lyžaře.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Odkazy">Odkazy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Birnbrot&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editace sekce: Odkazy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editovat</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Reference">Reference</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Birnbrot&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editace sekce: Reference" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editovat</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><span class="plainlinks"><i>V tomto článku byl použit <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedie:WikiProjekt_P%C5%99eklad/Rady?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedie:WikiProjekt Překlad/Rady">překlad</a> textu z článku <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birnbrot?oldid%3D159597839"><span class="cizojazycne" lang="de" title="němčina">Birnbrot</span></a> na německé Wikipedii.</i></span></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Externí_odkazy"><span id="Extern.C3.AD_odkazy"></span>Externí odkazy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Birnbrot&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editace sekce: Externí odkazy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editovat</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><span class="wd"><span class="sisterproject sisterproject-commons"><span class="sisterproject_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 16px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="12" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span> <span class="sisterproject_text">Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu <span class="sisterproject_text_target"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Birnbrot" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Birnbrot">Birnbrot</a></span> na Wikimedia Commons</span></span></span><i> </i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.patrimoineculinaire.ch/Produkte?text%3Dbirnbrot%26canton%3D%26categorie%3D%23383">Bündner Birnenbrot</a> v on-line databázi kulinářské encyklopedie Kulinarisches Erbe der Schweiz</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.patrimoineculinaire.ch/Produkte?text%3Dglarner%2Bbirnbrot%26canton%3D%26categorie%3D%23384">Glarner Birnenbrot</a> v on-line databázi kulinářské encyklopedie Kulinarisches Erbe der Schweiz</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.patrimoineculinaire.ch/Produkte?text%3Dtoggenburger%2Bbirnbrot%26canton%3D%26categorie%3D%23385">Toggenburger Birnenbrot</a> v on-line databázi kulinářské encyklopedie Kulinarisches Erbe der Schweiz</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.patrimoineculinaire.ch/Produkte?text%3D%2Bbirnweggen%26canton%3D%26categorie%3D%23386">Luzerner Birnenweggen</a> v on-line databázi kulinářské encyklopedie Kulinarisches Erbe der Schweiz</li> </ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16915398">.mw-parser-output div/**/#portallinks a{font-weight:bold}</style> <div id="portallinks" class="catlinks"> <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Obsah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portál:Obsah">Portály</a>: <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Gastronomie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portál:Gastronomie">Gastronomie</a> | <a href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:%C5%A0v%C3%BDcarsko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portál:Švýcarsko">Švýcarsko</a> </div>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Citováno z „<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DBirnbrot%26oldid%3D22063640">https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Birnbrot&oldid=22063640</a>“ </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://cs-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Birnbrot&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Crinkly.sun" data-user-gender="male" data-timestamp="1669640162"> <span>Naposledy editováno 28. 11. 2022 v 13:56</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Jazyky</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birnbrot" title="Birnbrot – němčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Birnbrot" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="němčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birnbrot" title="Birnbrot – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Birnbrot" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birnbrot" title="Birnbrot – francouzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Birnbrot" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francouzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2591%25D7%2599%25D7%25A8%25D7%25A0%25D7%2591%25D7%25A8%25D7%2595%25D7%2598" title="בירנברוט – hebrejština" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בירנברוט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birnbrot" title="Birnbrot – italština" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Birnbrot" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birnbrot" title="Birnbrot – javánština" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Birnbrot" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D1%2580%25D1%2583%25D1%2588%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B2%25D1%258B%25D0%25B9_%25D1%2585%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B1" title="Грушевый хлеб – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Грушевый хлеб" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2593%25D1%2580%25D1%2583%25D1%2588%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9_%25D1%2585%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D0%25B1" title="Грушевий хліб – ukrajinština" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Грушевий хліб" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-cs.svg" alt="Wikipedie" width="120" height="19" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.1875em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">Stránka byla naposledy editována 28. 11. 2022 v 13:56.</li> <li 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