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.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn org">Old North Bridge</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Minute_Man_National_Historical_Park_MIMA0070.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Minute_Man_National_Historical_Park_MIMA0070.jpg/250px-Minute_Man_National_Historical_Park_MIMA0070.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Minute_Man_National_Historical_Park_MIMA0070.jpg/375px-Minute_Man_National_Historical_Park_MIMA0070.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Minute_Man_National_Historical_Park_MIMA0070.jpg/500px-Minute_Man_National_Historical_Park_MIMA0070.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The extant 1956 bridge, an approximate replica of the 1760 bridge present during the <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Lexington_and_Concord" title="Battles of Lexington and Concord">Battles of Lexington and Concord</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Old_North_Bridge&params=42.469_N_71.351_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°28′08″N</span> <span class="longitude">71°21′04″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.469°N 71.351°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.469; -71.351</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Crosses</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Concord_River" title="Concord River">Concord River</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Locale</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Concord,_Massachusetts" title="Concord, Massachusetts">Concord, Massachusetts</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef;">Characteristics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Material</th><td class="infobox-data category">Wood</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef;">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rebuilt</th><td class="infobox-data">Existing version 2005</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Closed</th><td class="infobox-data">1793</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef;">Location</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-overlays="["_e6604c0234c2447836c97d730ca3285e7c5c7f83"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Old_North_Bridge&revid=1191194014&groups=_e6604c0234c2447836c97d730ca3285e7c5c7f83" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Old_North_Bridge&revid=1191194014&groups=_e6604c0234c2447836c97d730ca3285e7c5c7f83 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>North Bridge</b>, often colloquially called the <b>Old North Bridge</b>, is a historic site in <a href="/wiki/Concord,_Massachusetts" title="Concord, Massachusetts">Concord, Massachusetts</a>, spanning the <a href="/wiki/Concord_River" title="Concord River">Concord River</a>. On April 19, 1775, the first day of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>, provincial <a href="/wiki/Minutemen" title="Minutemen">minutemen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Militia_(United_States)" title="Militia (United States)">militia</a> companies numbering approximately 400 engaged roughly 90 <a href="/wiki/British_Army_during_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="British Army during the American Revolutionary War">British Army</a> troops at this location. The battle was the first instance in which American forces advanced in formation on the British <a href="/wiki/Regular_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Regular Army">regulars</a>, inflicted casualties, and routed their opponents. It was a pivotal moment in the <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Lexington_and_Concord" title="Battles of Lexington and Concord">Battles of Lexington and Concord</a> and in American history. The significance of the historic events at the North Bridge inspired <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Ralph Waldo Emerson</a> to refer to the moment as the "<a href="/wiki/Shot_heard_round_the_world" title="Shot heard round the world">shot heard round the world</a>." </p><p>There were at least eight iterations of the North Bridge constructed over four centuries. The current wooden pedestrian bridge, an approximate replica of the bridge that stood at the time of the battle, was built in 1956 and extensively restored in 2005. The bridge and the surrounding 114 acres of land make up what is known as the North Bridge unit of the <a href="/wiki/Minute_Man_National_Historical_Park" title="Minute Man National Historical Park">Minute Man National Historical Park</a> and is managed by the <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. It is a popular tourist destination. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin_and_earliest_iterations">Origin and earliest iterations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_North_Bridge&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origin and earliest iterations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Town of Concord was settled in 1635. Over the next two decades, colonial settlers established farms in the north quarter of the town. Many of these farms lay on the opposite side of the Concord River from the town center. To facilitate travel from their farms to the town, north quarter land owners built a bridge over the Concord River at or near this location by the early 1650s. The first mention of a bridge at this location appears in town records in 1654.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESullivan200412_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan200412-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The farm road crossing the bridge was later improved and came to be known as the <a href="/wiki/Groton,_Massachusetts" title="Groton, Massachusetts">Groton</a> Road.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith200314_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith200314-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Spring flooding of the river and deterioration required the replacement of the bridge approximately every 20 to 30 years. Colonial records suggest that the bridge was likely replaced in 1660, again around 1683, again around 1710, and again in 1731.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESullivan200416_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan200416-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith200318_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith200318-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1760, the town constructed a new bridge at this site. This version was the one that was present during the Concord Fight on April 19, 1775.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith200319_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith200319-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id=""Concord_Fight""><span id=".22Concord_Fight.22"></span>"Concord Fight"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_North_Bridge&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: "Concord Fight""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Concord#North_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Concord">Battle of Concord § North Bridge</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:North_Bridge_Fight_Detail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/North_Bridge_Fight_Detail.jpg/240px-North_Bridge_Fight_Detail.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/North_Bridge_Fight_Detail.jpg/360px-North_Bridge_Fight_Detail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/North_Bridge_Fight_Detail.jpg/480px-North_Bridge_Fight_Detail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="491" data-file-height="327" /></a><figcaption>A 1775 drawing by <a href="/wiki/Amos_Doolittle" title="Amos Doolittle">Amos Doolittle</a> of the engagement at the North Bridge based on witness accounts and his own inspection of the bridge</figcaption></figure><p>The engagement which took place at the North Bridge has historically been known as the "Concord Fight" and was a part of the larger <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Lexington_and_Concord" title="Battles of Lexington and Concord">Battles of Lexington and Concord</a>. On April 18, 1775, General <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gage" title="Thomas Gage">Thomas Gage</a>, the military Governor of <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Massachusetts_Bay" title="Province of Massachusetts Bay">Massachusetts</a>, dispatched a force of roughly 700 British soldiers from <a href="/wiki/Boston,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston, Massachusetts">Boston</a> to confiscate or destroy military supplies being stockpiled in Concord by the rebellious <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Provincial_Congress" title="Massachusetts Provincial Congress">Massachusetts Provincial Congress</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGalvin198999_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGalvin198999-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On their way to Concord, this force encountered a small group of militia on <a href="/wiki/Lexington_Battle_Green" title="Lexington Battle Green">Lexington Green</a>. After a brief skirmish there, the British soldiers marched on to Concord. Soon after reaching the town, <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_Kingdom)" title="Lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom)">Lieutenant Colonel</a> <a href="/wiki/Francis_Smith_(British_Army_officer)" title="Francis Smith (British Army officer)">Francis Smith</a> sent six <a href="/wiki/Company_(military_unit)" title="Company (military unit)">companies</a> across the North Bridge to search provincial <a href="/wiki/James_Barrett_(colonel)" title="James Barrett (colonel)">Colonel James Barrett's</a> farm for munitions. Three of these companies went on to Barrett's farm while three, totaling roughly 90 men, held the North Bridge. These were the British <a href="/wiki/Light_infantry" title="Light infantry">light infantry</a> companies from the 4th, 10th, and 43rd Regiments of Foot under <a href="/wiki/Captain_(British_Army_and_Royal_Marines)" title="Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)">Captain</a> Walter Laurie.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGalvin1989140–141_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGalvin1989140–141-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These companies initially held positions on the western side of the bridge but when the provincials advanced, they crossed the bridge and took up a position on the eastern bank.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith200326_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith200326-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At about 9:30, the provincials noticed smoke rising in the direction of the village of Concord on the other side of the bridge. British regulars burned some wooden gun carriages they discovered there but the provincial militia beyond the bridge believed the regulars had set fire to the town.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer1994209_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer1994209-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The provincials advanced in military order to take the bridge and moved on with the intention to stop the regulars from burning the town.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer1994211_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer1994211-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As they advanced the British fired a few warning shots followed by a full volley. Several provincials were killed or wounded in this first round of firing. Seeing these casualties, Major John Buttrick of Concord, in command of the provincial column, commanded, "Fire, fellow soldiers, for God's sake fire!" and the provincials returned fire, causing the British to immediately retreat back to Concord.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer1994214_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer1994214-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three British soldiers were killed and nine wounded. On the provincial side two were killed and four wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMinute_Man_National_Historical_Park2020_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMinute_Man_National_Historical_Park2020-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This first instance of Americans fighting in military order and firing to deadly effect on British troops was a key turning point in the Battles of Lexington and Concord. It precipitated the British retreat back to Boston and is regarded as one of the most significant events in American history.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESullivan200412_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan200412-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_iterations_of_the_bridge">Later iterations of the bridge</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_North_Bridge&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Later iterations of the bridge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Cambridge_book_of_poetry_and_song_(1882)_(14780275725).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/The_Cambridge_book_of_poetry_and_song_%281882%29_%2814780275725%29.jpg/240px-The_Cambridge_book_of_poetry_and_song_%281882%29_%2814780275725%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="366" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/The_Cambridge_book_of_poetry_and_song_%281882%29_%2814780275725%29.jpg/360px-The_Cambridge_book_of_poetry_and_song_%281882%29_%2814780275725%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/The_Cambridge_book_of_poetry_and_song_%281882%29_%2814780275725%29.jpg/480px-The_Cambridge_book_of_poetry_and_song_%281882%29_%2814780275725%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1352" data-file-height="2064" /></a><figcaption>An 1882 drawing of the Centennial Bridge with covered pavilions</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1788, a new bridge was constructed to replace the 1760 structure which had been in place during the battle. As with prior iterations, those with farms adjacent to the bridge paid for the replacement. In 1788 these included Captain David Brown, Lieutenant Elisha Jones, and Colonel John Buttrick, all of whom had fought at the North Bridge in 1775.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith200329_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith200329-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1793, Concord constructed a new bridge several hundred yards downriver of the North Bridge, making the latter obsolete. The road was diverted to the new bridge and the old road over the North Bridge was abandoned by the town. That same year, the town authorized Elisha Jones to tear down the North Bridge.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith200330_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith200330-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the next 82 years, no bridge stood at the site. </p><p>In 1874, as plans developed for the celebration of the centennial of the battle, the Town of Concord appointed a committee to oversee the placement of a monument on the west side of the river where the first minutemen died in combat. They were also charged with rebuilding the North Bridge.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESullivan200475_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan200475-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new structure would be open to foot traffic only and would serve as part of the larger memorial, providing access to the new statue and demonstrating to visitors what the area looked like on the first day of the Revolution. The centennial version of the North Bridge, constructed in 1874, has been described as "whimsical" and overly rustic, representing a Victorian era interpretation of what a colonial bridge looked like.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESullivan200476_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan200476-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The architect was William Ralph Emerson, cousin to Ralph Waldo Emerson, Concord's famed writer and transcendentalist.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESullivan200476_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan200476-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most unusual features of the Centennial Bridge were its two pavilions or covered arbors protruding from either side of the center of the bridge covered with interwoven twigs, reminiscent of a Polynesian style.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESullivan200476_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan200476-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Centennial Bridge was washed away during the spring <a href="/wiki/Freshet" title="Freshet">freshet</a> of 1888. It was replaced by a more austere bridge that same year. William R. Emerson also designed this bridge but left out the unusual decorative flourishes of his Centennial Bridge. Despite attempts to make the 1888 bridge stronger with large oak pilings and cross beams, it too was washed out by spring floods in 1909.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith200358_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith200358-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bridge was replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth of Massachusetts">Commonwealth of Massachusetts</a> in 1909. The architect was Joseph R. Worcester. The bridge had the appearance of historical accuracy in that it closely resembled the bridge as depicted by Doolittle, however many disliked it due to the fact that it was made of concrete.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith200358_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith200358-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Existing_bridge">Existing bridge</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_North_Bridge&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Existing bridge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Concord_Old_North_Bridge.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Concord_Old_North_Bridge.JPG/240px-Concord_Old_North_Bridge.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Concord_Old_North_Bridge.JPG/360px-Concord_Old_North_Bridge.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Concord_Old_North_Bridge.JPG/480px-Concord_Old_North_Bridge.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2454" data-file-height="1753" /></a><figcaption>From left to right: the 1836 Battle Monument, the 1956 Old North Bridge (restored in 2005), and "The Minute Man" statue by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Chester_French" title="Daniel Chester French">Daniel Chester French</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>In 1955, the 1909 concrete bridge was damaged beyond repair by flooding due to <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Diane" title="Hurricane Diane">Hurricane Diane</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESullivan20048_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan20048-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This took place as the town was considering numerous landscape architectural plans to better preserve the monuments at the site and the surrounding grounds.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith200398_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith200398-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Concord residents mounted protests, urging that the new commemorative bridge should be made of wood and not concrete. Massachusetts politicians including Massachusetts Commissioner of Public Works and future Governor <a href="/wiki/John_Volpe" class="mw-redirect" title="John Volpe">John Volpe</a> and the current Governor <a href="/wiki/Christian_Herter" title="Christian Herter">Christian Herter</a> pressed for funding from Congress but this failed to pass. In 1956 the Commonwealth of Massachusetts undertook construction of a new bridge.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESullivan2004122_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2004122-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The state engaged the architectural firm of Whitman and Howard to design the new bridge. Working for that firm, architect Howard Perkins was responsible for drafting the plans. Perkins closely examined the Doolittle drawing and came up with an interpretation based on the 1760 bridge. His design featured, according to architectural conservator Judith Q. Sullivan, "an arched <a href="/wiki/Pile_bridge" title="Pile bridge">pile</a> <a href="/wiki/Bent_Bridge" title="Bent Bridge">bent bridge</a> consisting of six bents of three piles each." Perkins omitted some features evident in the Doolittle design and incorporated others not present for the sake of stability. The most prominent of these added features are the pile header beams which extend on either side of the bridge platform and the cross braces connected to them. These provide strength but also allow flexibility during floods<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESullivan2004128_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2004128-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1956 bridge used pressure treated wood but incorporated hand hewn timbers for an authentic appearance. The bridge is 109 feet and 8 inches long between <a href="/wiki/Abutment" title="Abutment">abutments</a>. Construction was completed in September 1956 and dedicated on September 29, 1956 by Governor Herter.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESullivan2004125_and_130_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2004125_and_130-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1959, the bridge and surrounding land became part of the Minute Man National Historical Park. When the park was added to the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a> in 1966, the bridge was listed as "a contributing structure which illustrates the continuing commemorative importance of the place."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESullivan20042_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan20042-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2002, an engineering conditions assessment of the bridge was conducted and found significant deterioration. After further preservation studies, Minute Man National Historical Park embarked on an extensive restoration of the bridge in 2005. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Monuments_placed_at_the_site">Monuments placed at the site</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_North_Bridge&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Monuments placed at the site"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1836_Battle_Monument">1836 Battle Monument</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_North_Bridge&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1836 Battle Monument"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Minute_Man_National_Park,_Concord,_MA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Minute_Man_National_Park%2C_Concord%2C_MA.jpg/240px-Minute_Man_National_Park%2C_Concord%2C_MA.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Minute_Man_National_Park%2C_Concord%2C_MA.jpg/360px-Minute_Man_National_Park%2C_Concord%2C_MA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Minute_Man_National_Park%2C_Concord%2C_MA.jpg/480px-Minute_Man_National_Park%2C_Concord%2C_MA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="655" /></a><figcaption>The 1836 Battle Monument and Old North Bridge</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1835, when there was no bridge at the site, Rev. <a href="/wiki/Ezra_Ripley" title="Ezra Ripley">Ezra Ripley</a>, who resided nearby at the <a href="/wiki/Old_Manse" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Manse">Old Manse</a>, donated a narrow parcel of land to the town. This parcel would allow public access from Monument Street to the proposed site of a monument on the east bank where the Old North Bridge had stood. The parcel included a section of the old Groton Road which once led to the bridge as well as the grave sites of two British soldiers who were killed in the fight and buried nearby the bridge.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith200335_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith200335-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The town of Concord erected the 1836 Battle Monument (as it is now known) with funds donated by the <a href="/wiki/Bunker_Hill_Monument" title="Bunker Hill Monument">Bunker Hill Monument</a> Association. The obelisk was designed by Solomon Willard and placed on the land donated by Ripley, near where the east abutment of the bridge had been. The inscription on the monument reads, "HERE On the 19 of April, 1775, was made the first forcible resistance to British aggression / On the opposite Bank stood the American Militia / Here stood the Invading Army and on this spot the first of the Enemy fell in the War of that Revolution which gave Independence to these United States / In gratitude to GOD and In the love of Freedom this Monument was erected AD. 1836." </p><p>Concord dedicated the monument on <a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(United_States)" title="Independence Day (United States)">Independence Day</a>, July 4, 1837. Congressman <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hoar" title="Samuel Hoar">Samuel Hoar</a> gave the dedication address. For the occasion, Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote his "<a href="/wiki/Concord_Hymn" title="Concord Hymn">Concord Hymn</a>" which was sung by a chorus at the dedication. The first, and best known, of the four stanzas of this poem is: </p> <div class="poem"> <p><span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 2em;">By the rude bridge that arched the flood,</span><br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 2em;">Their flag to April's breeze unfurled,</span><br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 2em;">Here once the embattled farmers stood</span><br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 2em;">And fired the shot heard round the world.</span> </p> </div> <p>This stanza was later etched into the pedestal of the 1875 "Minute Man" statue. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""The_Minute_Man"_statue"><span id=".22The_Minute_Man.22_statue"></span>"The Minute Man" statue</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_North_Bridge&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: "The Minute Man" statue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Minute_Man_Statue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Minute_Man_Statue.jpg/240px-Minute_Man_Statue.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Minute_Man_Statue.jpg/360px-Minute_Man_Statue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Minute_Man_Statue.jpg/480px-Minute_Man_Statue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>"The Minute Man" statue, erected in 1875</figcaption></figure> <p>The location of the 1836 Battle Monument did not sit well with some in Concord. Because there was no longer a bridge, the obelisk had been placed on the eastern bank where the British had stood during the Concord Fight. A Concord farmer named Ebenezer Hubbard was particularly annoyed that the spot where the first Americans had lost their lives during the Concord Fight remained unmarked. Upon his death in 1870, he left the Town of Concord $1,000 to place a monument on the west side of the Concord River and to reconstruct the Old North Bridge to provide access to it. The residents of Concord pressed to finish both the new bridge and monument in time for the centennial celebration in 1875.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith20036_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith20036-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Chester_French" title="Daniel Chester French">Daniel Chester French</a>, then 21 years old, was engaged by the Monument Committee to sculpt a statue representing a minuteman. Although commissioned to sculpt a generic provincial soldier, French was inspired by the story of Capt. <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Davis_(soldier)" title="Isaac Davis (soldier)">Isaac Davis</a> of <a href="/wiki/Acton,_Massachusetts" title="Acton, Massachusetts">Acton, Massachusetts</a>. Davis commanded the company which led the advance on the Old North Bridge. He was among the first killed and the first American officer killed in action during the Revolution.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer1994211_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer1994211-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> French attempted to model the facial features of his statue after photographs of Isaac Davis's descendants.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobbins194520_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobbins194520-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"<a href="/wiki/The_Minute_Man" title="The Minute Man">The Minute Man</a>" was unveiled and dedicated during the celebrations for the centennial of the Concord Fight on April 19, 1875. President <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a> attended the ceremony along with the Vice President, Secretary of War, and Secretary of State.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConcord_Free_Public_Library_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConcord_Free_Public_Library-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The statue was cast from melted down Civil War cannons at the <a href="/wiki/Ames_Manufacturing_Company" title="Ames Manufacturing Company">Ames Foundry</a>. "The Minute Man" has been used as the symbol of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Guard">United States National Guard</a> and on coins such as the Massachusetts <a href="/wiki/50_State_quarters" title="50 State quarters">state quarter</a>. </p><p>On April 19, 1975, the 200th anniversary of the Concord Fight, President <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> gave a speech at the bridge and placed a wreath at the base of "The Minute Man" as part of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Bicentennial" title="United States Bicentennial">United States Bicentennial</a> celebrations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFord1975_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFord1975-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A crowd of over 15,000 people attended the exercises.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESullivan2004132_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2004132-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Graves_of_British_soldiers">Graves of British soldiers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_North_Bridge&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Graves of British soldiers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Soldiers_Grave_-_Old_North_Bridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/British_Soldiers_Grave_-_Old_North_Bridge.jpg/240px-British_Soldiers_Grave_-_Old_North_Bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/British_Soldiers_Grave_-_Old_North_Bridge.jpg/360px-British_Soldiers_Grave_-_Old_North_Bridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/British_Soldiers_Grave_-_Old_North_Bridge.jpg/480px-British_Soldiers_Grave_-_Old_North_Bridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>A 1910 marker for the grave of two British soldiers</figcaption></figure> <p>Three British soldiers were killed during the Concord Fight. They were Privates James Hall, Thomas Smith, and Patrick Gray, all of the <a href="/wiki/4th_Regiment_of_Foot" class="mw-redirect" title="4th Regiment of Foot">4th Regiment of Foot</a>. One of these men was carried to Concord center, died and was buried there. Two others died at the bridge and were buried adjacent to a stone wall forming the boundary of the Old Manse property. It is not known which of the three are buried at the Old North Bridge site.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMinute_Man_National_Historical_Park2020_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMinute_Man_National_Historical_Park2020-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially, their graves were simply marked by two plain stones. <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Hawthorne" title="Nathaniel Hawthorne">Nathaniel Hawthorne</a>, who resided at the Old Manse for a time, called these a "humbler...yet more interesting" token of the Concord Fight than the 1836 Battle Monument.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith200338_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith200338-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1875, a granite slab simply inscribed, "Grave of the British Soldiers" was installed in time for the centennial.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith20036_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith20036-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1910 residents of Concord placed a more substantial granite marker inscribed with a stanza from <a href="/wiki/James_Russell_Lowell" title="James Russell Lowell">James Russell Lowell's</a> 1849 poem, "Lines, Suggested By the Graves of Two English Soldiers On Concord Battle-Ground:" </p> <div class="poem"> <p><span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 2em;">They came three thousand miles and died</span><br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 2em;">To keep the past upon its throne:</span><br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 2em;">Unheard, beyond the ocean tide,</span><br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 2em;">Their English Mother made her moan.</span> </p> </div> <p>After <a href="/wiki/President_Ford" class="mw-redirect" title="President Ford">President Ford</a>'s speech during the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Bicentennial" title="United States Bicentennial">United States Bicentennial</a> in 1975, Sir <a href="/wiki/Peter_Ramsbotham" title="Peter Ramsbotham">Peter Ramsbotham</a>, the <a href="/wiki/British_Ambassador_to_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="British Ambassador to the United States">British Ambassador to the United States</a>, laid a wreath on the graves of British soldiers buried at the foot of the bridge.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFord1975_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFord1975-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_North_Bridge&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan200412-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESullivan200412_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESullivan200412_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSullivan2004">Sullivan (2004)</a>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith200314-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith200314_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDietrich-Smith2003">Dietrich-Smith (2003)</a>, p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan200416-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESullivan200416_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSullivan2004">Sullivan (2004)</a>, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith200318-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith200318_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDietrich-Smith2003">Dietrich-Smith (2003)</a>, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith200319-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith200319_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDietrich-Smith2003">Dietrich-Smith (2003)</a>, p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGalvin198999-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGalvin198999_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGalvin1989">Galvin (1989)</a>, p. 99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGalvin1989140–141-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGalvin1989140–141_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGalvin1989">Galvin (1989)</a>, pp. 140–141.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith200326-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith200326_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDietrich-Smith2003">Dietrich-Smith (2003)</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer1994209-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer1994209_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFischer1994">Fischer (1994)</a>, p. 209.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer1994211-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer1994211_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer1994211_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFischer1994">Fischer (1994)</a>, p. 211.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer1994214-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer1994214_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFischer1994">Fischer (1994)</a>, p. 214.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMinute_Man_National_Historical_Park2020-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMinute_Man_National_Historical_Park2020_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMinute_Man_National_Historical_Park2020_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMinute_Man_National_Historical_Park2020">Minute Man National Historical Park (2020)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith200329-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith200329_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDietrich-Smith2003">Dietrich-Smith (2003)</a>, p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith200330-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith200330_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDietrich-Smith2003">Dietrich-Smith (2003)</a>, p. 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan200475-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESullivan200475_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSullivan2004">Sullivan (2004)</a>, p. 75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan200476-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESullivan200476_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESullivan200476_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESullivan200476_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSullivan2004">Sullivan (2004)</a>, p. 76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith200358-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith200358_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith200358_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDietrich-Smith2003">Dietrich-Smith (2003)</a>, p. 58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan20048-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESullivan20048_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSullivan2004">Sullivan (2004)</a>, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith200398-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith200398_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDietrich-Smith2003">Dietrich-Smith (2003)</a>, p. 98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2004122-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESullivan2004122_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSullivan2004">Sullivan (2004)</a>, p. 122.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2004128-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESullivan2004128_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSullivan2004">Sullivan (2004)</a>, p. 128.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2004125_and_130-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESullivan2004125_and_130_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSullivan2004">Sullivan (2004)</a>, p. 125 and 130.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan20042-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESullivan20042_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSullivan2004">Sullivan (2004)</a>, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith200335-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith200335_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDietrich-Smith2003">Dietrich-Smith (2003)</a>, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith20036-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith20036_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith20036_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDietrich-Smith2003">Dietrich-Smith (2003)</a>, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERobbins194520-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobbins194520_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobbins1945">Robbins (1945)</a>, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConcord_Free_Public_Library-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConcord_Free_Public_Library_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFConcord_Free_Public_Library">Concord Free Public Library</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFord1975-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFord1975_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFord1975_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFord1975">Ford (1975)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2004132-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESullivan2004132_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSullivan2004">Sullivan (2004)</a>, p. 132.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith200338-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich-Smith200338_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDietrich-Smith2003">Dietrich-Smith (2003)</a>, p. 38.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_North_Bridge&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFConcord_Free_Public_Library" class="citation web cs1">Concord Free Public Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://concordlibrary.org/special-collections/fin_aids/Com_Arr_1875">"Finding Aid, Records of the Concord Committee of Arrangements for the Celebration in Concord of the Centennial of the Concord Fight, 1873-1876"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Finding+Aid%2C+Records+of+the+Concord+Committee+of+Arrangements+for+the+Celebration+in+Concord+of+the+Centennial+of+the+Concord+Fight%2C+1873-1876&rft.au=Concord+Free+Public+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fconcordlibrary.org%2Fspecial-collections%2Ffin_aids%2FCom_Arr_1875&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+North+Bridge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDietrich-Smith2003" class="citation web cs1">Dietrich-Smith, Deborah (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/mima/learn/management/upload/MIMA%20NB%20CLR%20-%20combined%20.pdfs.pdf">"Cultural Landscape Report: North Bridge Unit"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Minute Man National Historical Park.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cultural+Landscape+Report%3A+North+Bridge+Unit&rft.pub=Minute+Man+National+Historical+Park&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Dietrich-Smith&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fmima%2Flearn%2Fmanagement%2Fupload%2FMIMA%2520NB%2520CLR%2520-%2520combined%2520.pdfs.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+North+Bridge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFischer1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Hackett_Fischer" title="David Hackett Fischer">Fischer, David Hackett</a> (1994). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195088472"><i>Paul Revere's Ride</i></a></span>. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0195088476" title="Special:BookSources/0195088476"><bdi>0195088476</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paul+Revere%27s+Ride&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0195088476&rft.aulast=Fischer&rft.aufirst=David+Hackett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780195088472&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+North+Bridge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFord1975" class="citation web cs1">Ford, Gerald R (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/remarks-the-old-north-bridge-concord-massachusetts">"Remarks at the Old North Bridge, Concord, Massachusetts"</a>. The American Presidency Project.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Remarks+at+the+Old+North+Bridge%2C+Concord%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=The+American+Presidency+Project&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Ford&rft.aufirst=Gerald+R&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidency.ucsb.edu%2Fdocuments%2Fremarks-the-old-north-bridge-concord-massachusetts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+North+Bridge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGalvin1989" class="citation book cs1">Galvin, John R. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cWaE3FzRuH0C"><i>The Minute Men: The First Fight: Myths and Realities of the American Revolution</i></a>. Washington: Pergamon-Brassey's International Defense Publisher. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780080367330" title="Special:BookSources/9780080367330"><bdi>9780080367330</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Minute+Men%3A+The+First+Fight%3A+Myths+and+Realities+of+the+American+Revolution&rft.place=Washington&rft.pub=Pergamon-Brassey%27s+International+Defense+Publisher&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=9780080367330&rft.aulast=Galvin&rft.aufirst=John+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcWaE3FzRuH0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+North+Bridge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinute_Man_National_Historical_Park2020" class="citation web cs1">Minute Man National Historical Park (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/mima/north-bridge-questions.htm">"North Bridge Questions"</a>. National Park Service.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=North+Bridge+Questions&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft.date=2020&rft.au=Minute+Man+National+Historical+Park&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fmima%2Fnorth-bridge-questions.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+North+Bridge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobbins1945" class="citation book cs1">Robbins, Roland Wells (1945). <i>The Story of the Minutemen Man</i>. Stoneham, Massachusetts: George R. Barnstead & Son. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/19784762">19784762</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+the+Minutemen+Man&rft.place=Stoneham%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=George+R.+Barnstead+%26+Son&rft.date=1945&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F19784762&rft.aulast=Robbins&rft.aufirst=Roland+Wells&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+North+Bridge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSullivan2004" class="citation web cs1">Sullivan, Judith Q. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npshistory.com/publications/mima/north_bridge_hsr.pdf">"North Bridge Historic Structure Report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Minute Man National Historical Park.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=North+Bridge+Historic+Structure+Report&rft.pub=Minute+Man+National+Historical+Park&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Judith+Q.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.npshistory.com%2Fpublications%2Fmima%2Fnorth_bridge_hsr.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+North+Bridge" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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title="Template talk:Minute Man National Historical Park"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Minute_Man_National_Historical_Park" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Minute Man National Historical Park"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Minute_Man_National_Historical_Park" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Minute_Man_National_Historical_Park" title="Minute Man National Historical Park">Minute Man National Historical Park</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Buildings</b><br />(from west to east) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Col._James_Barrett_Farm" title="Col. James Barrett Farm">Colonel James Barrett Farm</a> (Concord)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wayside" title="The Wayside">The Wayside</a> (Concord)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Meriam_House" title="Nathan Meriam House">Nathan Meriam House</a> (Concord)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farwell_Jones_House" title="Farwell Jones House">Farwell Jones House</a> (Concord)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stow-Hardy_House" title="Stow-Hardy House">Stow-Hardy House</a> (Concord)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Brooks_House_(Massachusetts)" title="Samuel Brooks House (Massachusetts)">Samuel Brooks House</a> (Concord)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah_Brooks_Tavern" title="Noah Brooks Tavern">Noah Brooks Tavern</a> (Lincoln)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_Brooks_House" title="Job Brooks House">Job Brooks House</a> (Lincoln)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Brooks_House" title="Joshua Brooks House">Joshua Brooks House</a> (Lincoln)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hartwell_House" title="Samuel Hartwell House">Samuel Hartwell House</a> (Lincoln)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartwell_Tavern" title="Hartwell Tavern">Hartwell Tavern</a> (Lincoln)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_William_Smith_House" title="Captain William Smith House">Captain William Smith House</a> (Lincoln)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Whittemore_House" title="Jacob Whittemore House">Jacob Whittemore House</a> (Lexington)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Other structures</b> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Old North Bridge</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Minute_Man" title="The Minute Man">The Minute Man</a></i></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Miscellanea</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_Road" title="Battle Road">Battle Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloody_Angle_(battle)" title="Bloody Angle (battle)">Bloody Angle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooks_Hill" title="Brooks Hill">Brooks Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom%27s_Way_National_Heritage_Area" title="Freedom's Way National Heritage Area">Freedom's Way National Heritage Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Hartwell" title="Mary Hartwell">Mary Hartwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meriam%27s_Corner" title="Meriam's Corner">Meriam's Corner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Revere_Capture_Site" title="Paul Revere Capture Site">Paul Revere Capture Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Road" title="Virginia Road">Virginia Road</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Old_North_Bridge&oldid=1191194014">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Old_North_Bridge&oldid=1191194014</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_Revolutionary_War_sites_in_Massachusetts" title="Category:American Revolutionary War sites in Massachusetts">American Revolutionary War sites in Massachusetts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bridges_completed_in_1956" title="Category:Bridges completed in 1956">Bridges completed in 1956</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bridges_completed_in_the_18th_century" title="Category:Bridges completed in the 18th century">Bridges completed in the 18th century</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bridges_in_Middlesex_County,_Massachusetts" title="Category:Bridges in Middlesex County, Massachusetts">Bridges in Middlesex County, Massachusetts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Concord,_Massachusetts" title="Category:Buildings and structures in Concord, Massachusetts">Buildings and structures in Concord, Massachusetts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_road_bridges_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Former road bridges in the United States">Former road bridges in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Massachusetts_in_the_American_Revolution" title="Category:Massachusetts in the American Revolution">Massachusetts in the American Revolution</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Minute_Man_National_Historical_Park" title="Category:Minute Man National Historical Park">Minute Man National Historical Park</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pedestrian_bridges_in_Massachusetts" title="Category:Pedestrian bridges in Massachusetts">Pedestrian bridges in Massachusetts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rebuilt_buildings_and_structures_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Rebuilt buildings and structures in the United States">Rebuilt buildings and structures in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Concord,_Massachusetts" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Concord, Massachusetts">Tourist attractions in Concord, Massachusetts</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Infobox_mapframe_without_OSM_relation_ID_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata">Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_bridge_with_empty_coordinates_parameter" title="Category:Pages using infobox bridge with empty coordinates parameter">Pages using infobox bridge with empty coordinates parameter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Kartographer_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Kartographer extension">Pages using the Kartographer extension</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 December 2023, at 02:32<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; 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