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class="block-title accent-blue"><i class="fa fa-home"></i>The Global Competitiveness Report 2018</a></h2> <div class="prev-next"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/infographics/" class="prev "><i><</i><span>Previous</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/downloads/" class="next "><span>Next</span><i>></i></a> </div> <div class="menu-navigation-container"><ul id="menu-navigation" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-97" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-report_page menu-item-97"><i></i><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/competitiveness-rankings/">Competitiveness Rankings</a></li> <li id="menu-item-99" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-report_page menu-item-99"><div class="economy-list " data-base_url="http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/country-economy-profiles/" data-suffix=""> <label>Economy Profiles</label> <select class="nav-economy-list" data-placeholder="Select an Economy"><option value="" selected="selected"></option><option value="ALB">Albania</option><option value="DZA">Algeria</option><option value="AGO">Angola</option><option value="ARG">Argentina</option><option value="ARM">Armenia</option><option value="AUS">Australia</option><option value="AUT">Austria</option><option value="AZE">Azerbaijan</option><option value="BHR">Bahrain</option><option value="BGD">Bangladesh</option><option value="BRB">Barbados</option><option value="BEL">Belgium</option><option value="BLZ">Belize</option><option value="BEN">Benin</option><option value="BTN">Bhutan</option><option value="BOL">Bolivia</option><option value="BIH">Bosnia and Herzegovina</option><option value="BWA">Botswana</option><option value="BRA">Brazil</option><option value="BRN">Brunei Darussalam</option><option value="BGR">Bulgaria</option><option value="BFA">Burkina Faso</option><option value="BDI">Burundi</option><option value="KHM">Cambodia</option><option value="CMR">Cameroon</option><option value="CAN">Canada</option><option value="CPV">Cape Verde</option><option value="TCD">Chad</option><option value="CHL">Chile</option><option value="CHN">China</option><option value="COL">Colombia</option><option value="CRI">Costa Rica</option><option value="HRV">Croatia</option><option value="CYP">Cyprus</option><option value="CZE">Czech Republic</option><option value="CIV">Côte d'Ivoire</option><option value="DNK">Denmark</option><option value="DOM">Dominican Republic</option><option value="ECU">Ecuador</option><option value="EGY">Egypt</option><option value="SLV">El Salvador</option><option value="EST">Estonia</option><option value="ETH">Ethiopia</option><option value="FIN">Finland</option><option value="FRA">France</option><option value="GAB">Gabon</option><option value="GMB">Gambia, The</option><option value="GEO">Georgia</option><option value="DEU">Germany</option><option value="GHA">Ghana</option><option value="GRC">Greece</option><option value="GTM">Guatemala</option><option value="GIN">Guinea</option><option value="GUY">Guyana</option><option value="HTI">Haiti</option><option value="HND">Honduras</option><option value="HKG">Hong Kong SAR</option><option value="HUN">Hungary</option><option value="ISL">Iceland</option><option value="IND">India</option><option value="IDN">Indonesia</option><option value="IRN">Iran, Islamic Rep.</option><option value="IRL">Ireland</option><option value="ISR">Israel</option><option value="ITA">Italy</option><option value="JAM">Jamaica</option><option value="JPN">Japan</option><option value="JOR">Jordan</option><option value="KAZ">Kazakhstan</option><option value="KEN">Kenya</option><option value="KOR">Korea, Rep.</option><option value="KWT">Kuwait</option><option value="KGZ">Kyrgyz Republic</option><option value="LAO">Lao PDR</option><option value="LVA">Latvia</option><option value="LBN">Lebanon</option><option value="LSO">Lesotho</option><option value="LBR">Liberia</option><option value="LBY">Libya</option><option value="LTU">Lithuania</option><option value="LUX">Luxembourg</option><option value="MKD">Macedonia, FYR</option><option value="MDG">Madagascar</option><option value="MWI">Malawi</option><option value="MYS">Malaysia</option><option value="MLI">Mali</option><option value="MLT">Malta</option><option value="MRT">Mauritania</option><option value="MUS">Mauritius</option><option value="MEX">Mexico</option><option value="MDA">Moldova</option><option value="MNG">Mongolia</option><option value="MNE">Montenegro</option><option value="MAR">Morocco</option><option value="MOZ">Mozambique</option><option value="MMR">Myanmar</option><option value="NAM">Namibia</option><option value="NPL">Nepal</option><option value="NLD">Netherlands</option><option value="NZL">New Zealand</option><option value="NIC">Nicaragua</option><option value="NGA">Nigeria</option><option value="NOR">Norway</option><option value="OMN">Oman</option><option value="PAK">Pakistan</option><option value="PAN">Panama</option><option value="PRY">Paraguay</option><option value="PER">Peru</option><option value="PHL">Philippines</option><option value="POL">Poland</option><option value="PRT">Portugal</option><option value="PRI">Puerto Rico</option><option value="QAT">Qatar</option><option value="ROU">Romania</option><option value="RUS">Russian Federation</option><option value="RWA">Rwanda</option><option value="SAU">Saudi Arabia</option><option value="SEN">Senegal</option><option value="SRB">Serbia</option><option value="SYC">Seychelles</option><option value="SLE">Sierra Leone</option><option value="SGP">Singapore</option><option value="SVK">Slovak Republic</option><option value="SVN">Slovenia</option><option value="ZAF">South Africa</option><option value="ESP">Spain</option><option value="LKA">Sri Lanka</option><option value="SUR">Suriname</option><option value="SWZ">Swaziland</option><option value="SWE">Sweden</option><option value="CHE">Switzerland</option><option value="SYR">Syria</option><option value="TWN">Taiwan, China</option><option value="TJK">Tajikistan</option><option value="TZA">Tanzania</option><option value="THA">Thailand</option><option value="TLS">Timor-leste</option><option value="TTO">Trinidad and Tobago</option><option value="TUN">Tunisia</option><option value="TUR">Turkey</option><option value="UGA">Uganda</option><option value="UKR">Ukraine</option><option value="ARE">United Arab Emirates</option><option value="GBR">United Kingdom</option><option value="USA">United States</option><option value="URY">Uruguay</option><option value="VEN">Venezuela</option><option value="VNM">Viet Nam</option><option value="YEM">Yemen</option><option value="ZMB">Zambia</option><option value="ZWE">Zimbabwe</option></select> </div></li> <li id="menu-item-104" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-report_page menu-item-104"><i></i><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/how-to-read-the-economy-profiles/">How to Read the Economy Profiles</a></li> <li id="menu-item-114" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-report_page menu-item-114"><i></i><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/press-release/">Press Releases</a></li> <li id="menu-item-109" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-report_page menu-item-109"><i></i><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/infographics/">Infographics</a></li> <li id="menu-item-93" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-report_page current-menu-item menu-item-93"><i></i><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/blogs/">Blogs</a></li> <li id="menu-item-100" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-report_page menu-item-100"><i></i><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/downloads/">Downloads</a></li> <li id="menu-item-117" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-report_page menu-item-117"><i></i><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/summary-of-key-findings/">Key Findings</a></li> <li id="menu-item-200" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-report_page menu-item-has-children menu-item-200"><i></i><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/the-global-competitiveness-report-2018/">The Global Competitiveness Report 2018</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-202" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-report_page menu-item-202"><i></i><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/the-global-competitiveness-report-2018/">Preface</a></li> <li id="menu-item-110" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-report_page menu-item-110"><i></i><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/introduction-a-new-economic-compass-for-the-fourth-industrial-revolution/">Introduction</a></li> <li id="menu-item-94" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-report_page menu-item-has-children menu-item-94"><i></i><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/chapter-1-global-findings/">Chapter 1: Global Findings</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-107" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-report_page menu-item-107"><i></i><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/in-depth-is-there-a-formula-for-innovation/">In Depth: Is there a formula for innovation?</a></li> <li id="menu-item-105" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-report_page menu-item-105"><i></i><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/in-depth-are-institutions-still-important/">In Depth: Are institutions still important?</a></li> <li id="menu-item-106" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-report_page menu-item-106"><i></i><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/in-depth-are-prosperity-people-and-planet-compatible/">In Depth: Are prosperity, people and planet compatible?</a></li> <li id="menu-item-108" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-report_page menu-item-108"><i></i><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/in-depth-should-countries-pursue-openness/">In Depth: Should countries pursue openness?</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-95" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-report_page menu-item-95"><i></i><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/chapter-2-regional-and-country-analysis/">Chapter 2: Regional and Country Analysis</a></li> <li id="menu-item-96" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-report_page menu-item-96"><i></i><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/chapter-3-benchmarking-competitiveness-in-the-fourth-industrial-revolution-introducing-the-global-competitiveness-index-4-0/">Chapter 3: Introducing the Global Competitiveness Index 4.0</a></li> <li id="menu-item-129" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-report_page menu-item-has-children menu-item-129"><i></i><a href="#" class="section">Appendices</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-90" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-report_page menu-item-90"><i></i><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/appendix-a-global-competitiveness-index-4-0-2018-pillar-rankings/">Appendix A: Global Competitiveness Index 4.0 2018 Pillar Rankings</a></li> <li id="menu-item-91" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-report_page menu-item-91"><i></i><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/appendix-b-the-executive-opinion-survey-the-voice-of-the-business-community/">Appendix B: The Executive Opinion Survey</a></li> <li id="menu-item-92" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-report_page menu-item-92"><i></i><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/appendix-c-the-global-competitiveness-index-4-0-methodology-and-technical-notes/">Appendix C: Methodology and Technical Notes</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-98" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-report_page menu-item-98"><i></i><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/contributors-and-acknowledgements/">Contributors and Acknowledgements</a></li> </ul></div> </nav> </div>  <div id="report-fixed-nav"> <div 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</div> <div id="content"> <div class="page-controls "> <a href="#report-menu" class="page-controls__link page-controls__link--menu"><span class="page-controls__link-label">The Global Competitiveness Report 2018</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/" class="page-controls__link page-controls__link--home"><i class="fa fa-home"></i><span class="ac">Home</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/infographics/" class="page-controls__link page-controls__link--prev "><span class="page-controls__link-label u-invisible">Previous</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/downloads/" class="page-controls__link page-controls__link--next "><span class="page-controls__link-label u-invisible">Next</span></a> </div> <div id="report-menu"> <nav> <ul> <li class="nav-home"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/"><span>Report Home</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="menu-navigation-container"><ul id="menu-navigation-1" class="menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-report_page menu-item-97"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/competitiveness-rankings/">Competitiveness Rankings</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-report_page menu-item-99"><div class="economy-list " data-base_url="http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/country-economy-profiles/" data-suffix=""> <label>Economy Profiles</label> <select class="nav-economy-list" data-placeholder="Select an Economy"><option value="" selected="selected"></option><option value="ALB">Albania</option><option value="DZA">Algeria</option><option value="AGO">Angola</option><option value="ARG">Argentina</option><option value="ARM">Armenia</option><option value="AUS">Australia</option><option value="AUT">Austria</option><option value="AZE">Azerbaijan</option><option value="BHR">Bahrain</option><option value="BGD">Bangladesh</option><option value="BRB">Barbados</option><option value="BEL">Belgium</option><option value="BLZ">Belize</option><option value="BEN">Benin</option><option value="BTN">Bhutan</option><option value="BOL">Bolivia</option><option value="BIH">Bosnia and Herzegovina</option><option value="BWA">Botswana</option><option value="BRA">Brazil</option><option value="BRN">Brunei Darussalam</option><option value="BGR">Bulgaria</option><option value="BFA">Burkina Faso</option><option value="BDI">Burundi</option><option value="KHM">Cambodia</option><option value="CMR">Cameroon</option><option value="CAN">Canada</option><option value="CPV">Cape Verde</option><option value="TCD">Chad</option><option value="CHL">Chile</option><option value="CHN">China</option><option value="COL">Colombia</option><option value="CRI">Costa Rica</option><option value="HRV">Croatia</option><option value="CYP">Cyprus</option><option value="CZE">Czech Republic</option><option value="CIV">Côte d'Ivoire</option><option value="DNK">Denmark</option><option value="DOM">Dominican Republic</option><option value="ECU">Ecuador</option><option value="EGY">Egypt</option><option value="SLV">El Salvador</option><option value="EST">Estonia</option><option value="ETH">Ethiopia</option><option value="FIN">Finland</option><option value="FRA">France</option><option value="GAB">Gabon</option><option value="GMB">Gambia, The</option><option value="GEO">Georgia</option><option value="DEU">Germany</option><option value="GHA">Ghana</option><option value="GRC">Greece</option><option value="GTM">Guatemala</option><option value="GIN">Guinea</option><option value="GUY">Guyana</option><option value="HTI">Haiti</option><option value="HND">Honduras</option><option value="HKG">Hong Kong SAR</option><option value="HUN">Hungary</option><option value="ISL">Iceland</option><option value="IND">India</option><option value="IDN">Indonesia</option><option value="IRN">Iran, Islamic Rep.</option><option value="IRL">Ireland</option><option value="ISR">Israel</option><option value="ITA">Italy</option><option value="JAM">Jamaica</option><option value="JPN">Japan</option><option value="JOR">Jordan</option><option value="KAZ">Kazakhstan</option><option value="KEN">Kenya</option><option value="KOR">Korea, Rep.</option><option value="KWT">Kuwait</option><option value="KGZ">Kyrgyz Republic</option><option value="LAO">Lao PDR</option><option value="LVA">Latvia</option><option value="LBN">Lebanon</option><option value="LSO">Lesotho</option><option value="LBR">Liberia</option><option value="LBY">Libya</option><option value="LTU">Lithuania</option><option value="LUX">Luxembourg</option><option value="MKD">Macedonia, FYR</option><option value="MDG">Madagascar</option><option value="MWI">Malawi</option><option value="MYS">Malaysia</option><option value="MLI">Mali</option><option value="MLT">Malta</option><option value="MRT">Mauritania</option><option value="MUS">Mauritius</option><option value="MEX">Mexico</option><option value="MDA">Moldova</option><option value="MNG">Mongolia</option><option value="MNE">Montenegro</option><option value="MAR">Morocco</option><option value="MOZ">Mozambique</option><option value="MMR">Myanmar</option><option value="NAM">Namibia</option><option value="NPL">Nepal</option><option value="NLD">Netherlands</option><option value="NZL">New Zealand</option><option value="NIC">Nicaragua</option><option value="NGA">Nigeria</option><option value="NOR">Norway</option><option value="OMN">Oman</option><option value="PAK">Pakistan</option><option value="PAN">Panama</option><option value="PRY">Paraguay</option><option value="PER">Peru</option><option value="PHL">Philippines</option><option value="POL">Poland</option><option value="PRT">Portugal</option><option value="PRI">Puerto Rico</option><option value="QAT">Qatar</option><option value="ROU">Romania</option><option value="RUS">Russian Federation</option><option value="RWA">Rwanda</option><option value="SAU">Saudi Arabia</option><option value="SEN">Senegal</option><option value="SRB">Serbia</option><option value="SYC">Seychelles</option><option value="SLE">Sierra Leone</option><option value="SGP">Singapore</option><option value="SVK">Slovak Republic</option><option value="SVN">Slovenia</option><option value="ZAF">South Africa</option><option value="ESP">Spain</option><option value="LKA">Sri Lanka</option><option value="SUR">Suriname</option><option value="SWZ">Swaziland</option><option value="SWE">Sweden</option><option value="CHE">Switzerland</option><option value="SYR">Syria</option><option value="TWN">Taiwan, China</option><option value="TJK">Tajikistan</option><option value="TZA">Tanzania</option><option value="THA">Thailand</option><option value="TLS">Timor-leste</option><option value="TTO">Trinidad and Tobago</option><option value="TUN">Tunisia</option><option value="TUR">Turkey</option><option value="UGA">Uganda</option><option value="UKR">Ukraine</option><option value="ARE">United Arab Emirates</option><option value="GBR">United Kingdom</option><option value="USA">United States</option><option value="URY">Uruguay</option><option value="VEN">Venezuela</option><option value="VNM">Viet Nam</option><option value="YEM">Yemen</option><option value="ZMB">Zambia</option><option value="ZWE">Zimbabwe</option></select> </div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-report_page menu-item-104"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/how-to-read-the-economy-profiles/">How to Read the Economy Profiles</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-report_page menu-item-114"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/press-release/">Press Releases</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-report_page menu-item-109"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/infographics/">Infographics</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-report_page current-menu-item menu-item-93"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/blogs/">Blogs</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-report_page menu-item-100"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/downloads/">Downloads</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-report_page menu-item-117"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/summary-of-key-findings/">Key Findings</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-report_page menu-item-has-children menu-item-200"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/the-global-competitiveness-report-2018/">The Global Competitiveness Report 2018</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-report_page menu-item-202"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/the-global-competitiveness-report-2018/">Preface</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-report_page menu-item-110"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/introduction-a-new-economic-compass-for-the-fourth-industrial-revolution/">Introduction</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-report_page menu-item-has-children menu-item-94"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/chapter-1-global-findings/">Chapter 1: Global Findings</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-report_page menu-item-107"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/in-depth-is-there-a-formula-for-innovation/">In Depth: Is there a formula for innovation?</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-report_page menu-item-105"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/in-depth-are-institutions-still-important/">In Depth: Are institutions still important?</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-report_page menu-item-106"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/in-depth-are-prosperity-people-and-planet-compatible/">In Depth: Are prosperity, people and planet compatible?</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-report_page menu-item-108"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/in-depth-should-countries-pursue-openness/">In Depth: Should countries pursue openness?</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-report_page menu-item-95"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/chapter-2-regional-and-country-analysis/">Chapter 2: Regional and Country Analysis</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-report_page menu-item-96"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/chapter-3-benchmarking-competitiveness-in-the-fourth-industrial-revolution-introducing-the-global-competitiveness-index-4-0/">Chapter 3: Introducing the Global Competitiveness Index 4.0</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-report_page menu-item-has-children menu-item-129"><i></i><a href="#" class="section">Appendices</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-report_page menu-item-90"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/appendix-a-global-competitiveness-index-4-0-2018-pillar-rankings/">Appendix A: Global Competitiveness Index 4.0 2018 Pillar Rankings</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-report_page menu-item-91"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/appendix-b-the-executive-opinion-survey-the-voice-of-the-business-community/">Appendix B: The Executive Opinion Survey</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-report_page menu-item-92"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/appendix-c-the-global-competitiveness-index-4-0-methodology-and-technical-notes/">Appendix C: Methodology and Technical Notes</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-report_page menu-item-98"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/contributors-and-acknowledgements/">Contributors and Acknowledgements</a></li> </ul></div> </nav> </div>  <h2 class="page-title">Blogs</h2> <div id="content-feature"> </div> <div id="content-main" class="white"> <div class="content"> <div class="without-inline supp share" id="share-ribbon" href="#content-share-ribbon"> <div class="att"> <div class="att-thumb"> <div class="reverse-nub"></div> <div class="nub"></div> <div class="share-content"> <div class="actions-share"> <h2>Share</h2> <div class="share-items"> <div class="share-item share-item--twitter" data-type="twitter"></div><div class="share-item share-item--facebook" data-type="facebook"></div> <div class="share-item share-item--linkedin" data-type="linkedin"></div> <div class="share-item share-item--google-plus" data-type="googlePlus"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div id="content-share-ribbon" class="details"> <div class="border"> <div class="body"> </div> </div> </div>  </div> <p><div class="blog-feed type-tagged"> <ul> <li> <h4><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/why-we-need-stronger-arctic-governance"><i></i>Why we need stronger Arctic governance </a></h4> <h5>Friday 26th of October 2018</h5> <div class="thumb"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/why-we-need-stronger-arctic-governance"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929im_/http://assets.weforum.org/article/image/small_emy-aW0RHA_PYo_JDW2lvk2qD-f1-6dHn3RcXe7k6FA.jpg" width="150"/></a> </div> <p>This article is part of the World Economic Forum’s Geostrategy platform</p> </li> <li> <h4><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/india-is-building-a-green-high-tech-city-amaravati"><i></i>India is building a high-tech sustainable city from scratch</a></h4> <h5>Friday 26th of October 2018</h5> <div class="thumb"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/india-is-building-a-green-high-tech-city-amaravati"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929im_/http://assets.weforum.org/article/image/small_ChOVqL8qp7GpLBc_e-tPWvN2ZY8rE6Y7tivw_0BE2fE.jpg" width="150"/></a> </div> <p>Skyscrapers, high-rise apartments, neon signs and congested roads. These are a few things that might spring to mind when you think about a modern city.</p> </li> <li> <h4><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/bologna-rewards-cycling-walking"><i></i>This Italian city rewards you for not driving your car</a></h4> <h5>Friday 26th of October 2018</h5> <div class="thumb"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/bologna-rewards-cycling-walking"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929im_/http://assets.weforum.org/article/image/small_VbySjyRUnB-6kdYnaa6iXonrvSPbn_YwCkoOu00kAeY.jpg" width="150"/></a> </div> <p>In the Italian city of Bologna, people are rewarded for cycling, walking and taking public transport. </p> </li> <li> <h4><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/electro-culture-the-new-science-of-obesity-and-other-top-stories-of-the-week"><i></i>Electro-culture, the new science of obesity and other top stories of the week </a></h4> <h5>Friday 26th of October 2018</h5> <div class="thumb"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/electro-culture-the-new-science-of-obesity-and-other-top-stories-of-the-week"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929im_/http://assets.weforum.org/article/image/small_YKU7rBOGFZ5B2K5cT_V8P2Jjwc6lharCQ2BIDRaF7YI.jpg" width="150"/></a> </div> <p>More food with fewer pesticides. China discovers electro culture. ⇒ Explore: Future of Food Metabolites matter more than calories. The new science of obesity. ⇒ Explore: Healthcare Delivery </p> </li> <li> <h4><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/best-cities-to-visit-in-2019-lonely-planet"><i></i>These are the world’s best cities to visit in 2019, according to Lonely Planet</a></h4> <h5>Friday 26th of October 2018</h5> <div class="thumb"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/best-cities-to-visit-in-2019-lonely-planet"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929im_/http://assets.weforum.org/article/image/small_aKXapdwlPhvzrzmk_WQMGBxvOqi9jX66g0vGykCCqY0.jpg" width="150"/></a> </div> <p>Grab your passport and pack your bags – these are the 10 best cities in the world for you to visit. But before you set off, remember that tourism can be a double-edged sword. It can bring tremendous economic benefits but it can also trigger resentment among local residents.</p> </li> <li> <h4><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/our-food-system-is-at-risk-of-crossing-environmental-limits-here-s-how-to-ease-the-pressure"><i></i>Our food system is at risk of crossing ‘environmental limits’. Here’s how to ease the pressure</a></h4> <h5>Friday 26th of October 2018</h5> <div class="thumb"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/our-food-system-is-at-risk-of-crossing-environmental-limits-here-s-how-to-ease-the-pressure"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929im_/http://assets.weforum.org/article/image/small_mnGAWNY37yf7I9026CbAZRPg83uC47lhX953K8-9viQ.jpg" width="150"/></a> </div> <p>The global food system has a lot to answer for. It is a major driver of climate change, thanks to everything from deforestation to cows burping. Food production also transforms biodiverse landscapes into fields inhabited by a single crop or animal. It depletes valuable freshwater resources, and even pollutes ecosystems when fertilisers and manure washed into streams and rivers.</p> </li> <li> <h4><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/abandoned-by-banks-indonesias-poor-farmers-turn-to-crowdfunding"><i></i>Here’s how Indonesia is helping Indonesia’s farmers</a></h4> <h5>Friday 26th of October 2018</h5> <div class="thumb"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/abandoned-by-banks-indonesias-poor-farmers-turn-to-crowdfunding"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929im_/http://assets.weforum.org/article/image/small_83h816nauWcO2EnUdouunfvuR9uPng3qVi2meePgOIM.jpg" width="150"/></a> </div> <p>Indonesian poultry farmer Yohanes Sugihtononugroho faced ruin four years ago when plummeting prices forced him to slaughter all 100,000 of his chickens and shutter his business.</p> </li> <li> <h4><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/moral-leadership-crisis-data-four-steps-dov-seidman"><i></i>Businesses are lacking moral leadership, according to employees</a></h4> <h5>Friday 26th of October 2018</h5> <div class="thumb"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/moral-leadership-crisis-data-four-steps-dov-seidman"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929im_/http://assets.weforum.org/article/image/small_IFzhPZQvK869qzFvGXlXtahCSXXxRkGBnaoobwcK5oc.jpg" width="150"/></a> </div> <p>“Who are America’s moral leaders?” USA Today asked in a recent headline.</p> </li> <li> <h4><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/the-bitcoin-market-is-cratering-but-crypto-hedge-funds-launches-are-soaring-this-year"><i></i>The crypto hedge fund market is growing rapidly</a></h4> <h5>Friday 26th of October 2018</h5> <div class="thumb"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/the-bitcoin-market-is-cratering-but-crypto-hedge-funds-launches-are-soaring-this-year"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929im_/http://assets.weforum.org/article/image/small_nCMyuBywv-CP0mRdvWjJKSWCJ1XLQO-EiD4wliPdV_o.jpg" width="150"/></a> </div> <p>While the crypto market has had a tough run this year, the number of new crypto hedge funds is soaring. </p> </li> <li> <h4><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/ethiopia-s-new-50-women-cabinet-isn-t-just-bold-it-s-smart"><i></i>Half of Ethiopia’s new ministers are women</a></h4> <h5>Friday 26th of October 2018</h5> <div class="thumb"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/ethiopia-s-new-50-women-cabinet-isn-t-just-bold-it-s-smart"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929im_/http://assets.weforum.org/article/image/small_0uhI6ApeojngHE-FmwqbIS_982YUih49LswCCr0fCmc.jpg" width="150"/></a> </div> <p>Ethiopia’s prime minister Abiy Ahmed is rewarding women’s contributions to the nation’s progress.</p> </li> <li> <h4><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/this-tiny-island-just-announced-it-will-host-the-worlds-largest-microgrid"><i></i>This tiny island will host the world’s largest microgrid</a></h4> <h5>Friday 26th of October 2018</h5> <div class="thumb"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/this-tiny-island-just-announced-it-will-host-the-worlds-largest-microgrid"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929im_/http://assets.weforum.org/article/image/small_DNP12Ul73zjiEL3YumjqSLNCJA-nuuCzVBqNsSg4_kg.jpg" width="150"/></a> </div> <p>The Pacific island nation of Palau might be the 13th smallest country in the world but that isn’t stopping them from making big decisions that could have major benefits for the planet. The tiny nation announced last week that it will soon become the home of the world’s largest microgrid, something that could help them reach their goal of using 70 percent renewable energy by 2050.</p> </li> <li> <h4><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/french-is-now-the-fifth-most-spoken-world-language-and-growing-thanks-to-africans"><i></i>French is now the fifth most spoken world language and growing—thanks to Africans</a></h4> <h5>Friday 26th of October 2018</h5> <div class="thumb"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/french-is-now-the-fifth-most-spoken-world-language-and-growing-thanks-to-africans"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929im_/http://assets.weforum.org/article/image/small_eD6fcZmILlbs1Q-At64nETuy4yIuNEpX-MKqLJuKKLA.jpg" width="150"/></a> </div> <p>Africans are making French a truly global language.</p> </li> <li> <h4><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/eu-rejects-italian-draft-budget-setting-up-standoff-with-defiant-italy"><i></i>The EU has rejected Italy’s draft budget for 2019</a></h4> <h5>Friday 26th of October 2018</h5> <div class="thumb"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/eu-rejects-italian-draft-budget-setting-up-standoff-with-defiant-italy"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929im_/http://assets.weforum.org/article/image/small_2b6nx_FEOqejW2-c1H9cQVnG-fkfeVMyqvBWKT35yLo.jpg" width="150"/></a> </div> <p>The European Commission rejected Italy’s draft 2019 budget on Tuesday, saying it brazenly broke EU rules on public spending, and asked Rome to submit a new one within three weeks or face disciplinary action.</p> </li> <li> <h4><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/how-to-help-end-homelessness-catch-a-train-and-order-coffee"><i></i>How buying a coffee on a train could help tackle homelessness </a></h4> <h5>Friday 26th of October 2018</h5> <div class="thumb"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/how-to-help-end-homelessness-catch-a-train-and-order-coffee"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929im_/http://assets.weforum.org/article/image/small_pl9NCIiItEW-caBOtg6ndQxEPIllTpEAm5DnraV1Cxg.jpg" width="150"/></a> </div> <p>Want to tackle homelessness while sipping coffee during your morning commute?</p> </li> <li> <h4><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/yemen-famine-UN"><i></i>Half of Yemen’s population could soon be on the brink of famine, according to the UN</a></h4> <h5>Friday 26th of October 2018</h5> <div class="thumb"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/yemen-famine-UN"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929im_/http://assets.weforum.org/article/image/small_XuMBYMQZ4K1DwBfMTDAXMf28UWtZrY6geKrD4QDqcSE.jpg" width="150"/></a> </div> <p>The United Nations aid chief sounded the alarm at the Security Council on Tuesday that half the population of war-torn Yemen – some 14 million people – could soon be on the brink of famine and completely relying on humanitarian aid for survival.</p> </li> <li> <h4><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/doctors-in-montreal-will-start-prescribing-visits-to-the-art-museum"><i></i>Doctors in Montreal can now prescribe a visit to an art museum</a></h4> <h5>Friday 26th of October 2018</h5> <div class="thumb"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/doctors-in-montreal-will-start-prescribing-visits-to-the-art-museum"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929im_/http://assets.weforum.org/article/image/small_Rkz6FUO8ZVecMBCpTUqOzP2S9HWIYsUy3iy-kcr8rYE.jpg" width="150"/></a> </div> <p>Laughter may be the best medicine but culture works wonders for health as well. That’s the thinking driving a new initiative in Montreal, Canada, where doctors will be able to prescribe free art museum visits to patients with a range of ailments, from depression to diabetes to chronic illnesses.</p> </li> <li> <h4><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/here-are-the-states-where-a-robot-is-most-likely-to-steal-your-job"><i></i>Jobs in these US states are most vulnerable to automation</a></h4> <h5>Friday 26th of October 2018</h5> <div class="thumb"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/here-are-the-states-where-a-robot-is-most-likely-to-steal-your-job"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929im_/http://assets.weforum.org/article/image/small_jOjmC9_4P03XWsX0aIpRV9Rpn_RIW7zQqllqlXs2aJQ.jpg" width="150"/></a> </div> <p>Relocation Costs</p> </li> <li> <h4><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/are-we-heading-for-a-new-nuclear-arms-race-06bf1940-5034-47c0-833f-99227a964656"><i></i>Are we heading for a new nuclear arms race?</a></h4> <h5>Thursday 25th of October 2018</h5> <div class="thumb"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/are-we-heading-for-a-new-nuclear-arms-race-06bf1940-5034-47c0-833f-99227a964656"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929im_/http://assets.weforum.org/article/image/small_ioFC7cju2Xj9gFhQMFHBiN2c_97OjO9KAqsHep5BfOQ.jpg" width="150"/></a> </div> <p>This article is part of the World Economic Forum’s Geostrategy platform</p> </li> <li> <h4><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/how-green-bonds-can-help-us-manage-climate-risk"><i></i>Can green bonds help us manage climate risk?</a></h4> <h5>Thursday 25th of October 2018</h5> <div class="thumb"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/how-green-bonds-can-help-us-manage-climate-risk"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929im_/http://assets.weforum.org/article/image/small_35osOqYOTuvOf67U-l1tyaUYS2Rwy4rHh0ByyKlu8NE.jpg" width="150"/></a> </div> <p>At 79 degrees north, the northernmost permanent human settlement and gateway to the North Pole, Ny-Ålesund is a leading centre for international Arctic scientific research and environmental monitoring. It used to be an arctic coal mine. The stunning turnaround from a fossil fuel extraction base to leading climate science research site represents an apt analogy for the type of transition we need to make globally to manage the risks associated with climate change. </p> </li> <li> <h4><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/we-need-to-talk-about-integration-after-migration"><i></i>We need to talk about integration after migration. Here are four ways we can improve it</a></h4> <h5>Thursday 25th of October 2018</h5> <div class="thumb"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/we-need-to-talk-about-integration-after-migration"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929im_/http://assets.weforum.org/article/image/small_vJDv0sTD7U5FfyQDS9owxX2KbvDsQQV6FSIPEdoA6Vg.jpg" width="150"/></a> </div> <p>Integration is the delicate, critical transition of the migrant from outsider to insider – the process by which migrants become a part of their new community. Successful integration is hard to measure because it is multilayered, touching every part of the migrant experience, from education to housing, political participation and civic engagement. </p> </li> <li> <h4><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/this-island-was-shut-for-six-months-to-clean-up-its-act"><i></i>The Philippines is reopening a ‘cesspool’ island after a six month clean up</a></h4> <h5>Thursday 25th of October 2018</h5> <div class="thumb"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/this-island-was-shut-for-six-months-to-clean-up-its-act"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929im_/http://assets.weforum.org/article/image/small_4XT6mvyBG01WkW4Uv0pAIDQWcvc_8LXTMZqhBeFiqnY.jpg" width="150"/></a> </div> <p>No tourist destination wants the moniker “cesspool.” </p> </li> <li> <h4><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/women-in-iceland-have-walked-out-of-work-to-dispute-the-gender-pay-gap"><i></i>Women in Iceland have walked out of work to dispute the gender pay gap</a></h4> <h5>Thursday 25th of October 2018</h5> <div class="thumb"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/women-in-iceland-have-walked-out-of-work-to-dispute-the-gender-pay-gap"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929im_/http://assets.weforum.org/article/image/small_BthMDzUt6rO143CeXwXQK49YW2HxRi8Zzm2HvV6RLn4.jpg" width="150"/></a> </div> <p>Imagine if you worked a full day but stopped being paid at 2.55pm.</p> </li> <li> <h4><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/robots-are-coming-to-your-workplace-here-s-how-to-get-along-with-them"><i></i>The 5 stages of acceptance as robots enter the workforce</a></h4> <h5>Thursday 25th of October 2018</h5> <div class="thumb"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/robots-are-coming-to-your-workplace-here-s-how-to-get-along-with-them"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929im_/http://assets.weforum.org/article/image/small_B-JvGFRi6qbmaWOvwtpY2-WKQG2LBE3Ao8n6DsvSR_U.jpg" width="150"/></a> </div> <p>For the past several years, the conversation about robots and jobs has focused heavily on how automation is poised to disrupt the workforce. Speculative articles full of studies, reports, and abstract opinions have almost universally concluded that a significant fraction of the global labour force is at risk. In a few specific sectors where robots are starting to make an impact, like warehouse logistics, these concerns are understandable, because robots are starting to work alongside humans for the very first time.</p> </li> <li> <h4><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/these-countries-spend-the-most-on-education"><i></i>These countries spend the most on education</a></h4> <h5>Thursday 25th of October 2018</h5> <div class="thumb"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/these-countries-spend-the-most-on-education"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929im_/http://assets.weforum.org/article/image/small_but9iH1syEwXMCANR5j1xASFxlPTyzgC8Uj__terYY4.jpg" width="150"/></a> </div> <p>Few would argue that a thriving education system is vital to a country’s success. But while education is a priority across the globe, the level of spending varies sharply from country to country.</p> </li> <li> <h4><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/countries-that-ban-smacking-are-safer-places-for-children-to-live"><i></i>Countries that ban smacking are safer places for children to live</a></h4> <h5>Thursday 25th of October 2018</h5> <div class="thumb"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/countries-that-ban-smacking-are-safer-places-for-children-to-live"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929im_/http://assets.weforum.org/article/image/small_xQgVOoRDbAlbiFo0msNy9Dw_WAfN7eh0uykvGj05uSk.jpg" width="150"/></a> </div> <p>Smacking children could encourage violent behaviour in later life and lead to academic problems or mental health issues. According to new research, there is less violence among young people living in countries that have banned corporal punishment.</p> </li> </ul> </div> </p><p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/archive/competitiveness" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Read the Agenda on Competitiveness here</a></p> </div> </div>  <div class="page-controls page-controls--lower u-tablet-down"> <a href="#" class="page-controls__link page-controls__link--top"><span class="page-controls__link-label">Back to Top</span></a> </div> </div>  </div>  </div>  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20181027212929js_/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/wp-includes/js/wp-embed.min.js?ver=4.9.8"></script> </div> <footer> <div class="footer__wrapper"> <div class="footer__row"> <div class="footer__newsletter"> <div class="newsletter"> <div class="newsletter__callout"> <b>Subscribe for updates</b> <div 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