I am human, hear me roar: Judging formidability from human vocalizations -- ScienceDaily

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Now, researchers have found that humans can use nonverbal vocal cues, including aggressive roars, in a similar way. </dd> <dt class="no-print">Share:</dt> <dd class="no-print"> <div id="share_top"> <div data-url="https://web.archive.org/web/20180628213356oe_/https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/06/180628120111.htm" class="ssk-sm ssk-group"> <a class="ssk ssk-icon ssk-facebook"></a> <a class="ssk ssk-icon ssk-twitter"></a> <a class="ssk ssk-icon ssk-google-plus"></a> <a class="ssk ssk-icon ssk-pinterest"></a> <a class="ssk ssk-icon ssk-linkedin"></a> <a class="ssk ssk-icon ssk-email"></a> </div> </div> </dd> </dl> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8 col-md-push-4"> <div class="fullstory">FULL STORY</div> <hr class="hr-fullstory"/> <div id="story_photo" class="hyphenate"> <div class="photo-image"><img class="img-responsive center-block" src="/web/20180628213356im_/https://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2018/06/180628120111_1_540x360.jpg" width="" height="" title="Click to enlarge" alt="" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#myModal"/></div> <div class="photo-caption">This infographic shows the findings of Raine et al., who measured the strength and height of men and women (speakers and listeners). Listeners rated the strength/height of speakers relative to their own, from roars and speech and despite sex biases, listeners accurately judged relative strength/ height from voice. In males only, roars maximized the expression of threat compared to aggressive speech.</div> <div class="photo-credit"><em>Credit: Raine et al./iScience</em></div> <div class="clearfix"></div>  <div class="modal fade" id="myModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content modal-content-custom"> <div class="modal-image"><img class="img-responsive center-block" src="/web/20180628213356im_/https://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2018/06/180628120111_1_900x600.jpg" width="720" height="700"/></div> <div class="modal-text"> <div class="modal-caption">This infographic shows the findings of Raine et al., who measured the strength and height of men and women (speakers and listeners). Listeners rated the strength/height of speakers relative to their own, from roars and speech and despite sex biases, listeners accurately judged relative strength/ height from voice. In males only, roars maximized the expression of threat compared to aggressive speech.</div> <div class="modal-credit"><em>Credit: Raine et al./iScience</em></div> <div class="modal-close"><button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-dismiss="modal">Close</button></div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="clearfix"></div> <div id="story_text" class="hyphenate"> <p id="first" class="lead">Many animals -- including sea lions, red deer, and dogs -- use vocalizations to judge one another's size and physical formidability when in competition for mates or other resources. Now, researchers reporting in the journal <em>iScience</em> on June 28 have found that humans can use nonverbal vocal cues, including aggressive roars, in a similar way. The new evidence is the first to show that, from a vocalization alone, human listeners can estimate whether another person is stronger or weaker or taller or shorter than they are with a high degree of accuracy.</p> <div class="mobile-top-rectangle hidden-md hidden-lg"> <div class="textrule"> <span>advertisement</span> </div>  <div id="adslot-mobile-top-rectangle"> <script type="text/javascript"> googletag.cmd.push(function() { deployads.push(function() { deployads.gpt.display("adslot-mobile-top-rectangle") }); }); </script> </div> <hr class="hrrule"/> </div> <div id="text"> <p>"Previous investigations have found that humans can estimate height and strength from the voice, but that they don't do it very well," said Jordan Raine of David Reby's vocal communication lab at the University of Sussex. "However, no one has ever investigated to what extent people can judge whether someone is stronger or weaker than themselves -- a judgment that may be more relevant to the survival of our ancestors than judging someone's absolute strength or body size"</p> <p>To find out what humans could infer from nonverbal vocal cues, the researchers measured the upper-body strength and height of men and women and recorded them producing aggressive roars and aggressive speech sentences. In two separate playback experiments, they then measured the upper-body strength and height of listeners and asked them to judge, based on those recordings, whether the vocalizer they heard was either stronger or weaker or taller or shorter than them.</p> <p>And, indeed, they could. For example, when judging roars, male listeners accurately identified vocalizers who were substantially stronger than themselves in 88% of trials, and never as weaker.</p> <p>Interestingly, listeners perceived male vocalizers as stronger when rating roars than when rating aggressive speech produced by the same person. Thus, the researchers say, roars serve to exaggerate the perceived strength of a male vocalizer.</p> <p>The researchers also found that women tended to overestimate men's strength. When a male vocalizer was of similar strength or weaker than a female listener, women tended to rate the man as stronger. Raine says this finding is in keeping with a general tendency for women to underestimate, and men to overestimate, their abilities.</p> <p>"When other animals produce vocalizations, they're doing so for a reason -- they're communicating information about themselves, be it physical condition or internal state. The information is often 'honest,' but as our study shows, vocalizations can also serve to exaggerate traits such as physical formidability," Raine said. "Humans are unique in being able to express complex concepts and emotions with speech, but we still produce a wide range of nonverbal vocalizations, and our results suggest that these sounds communicate information in a similar way to other mammals. So, when you next hear a roar in a Game of Thrones battle scene, remember that it's more than just a noise -- it is both a window into that person's physical characteristics and a social tool to influence those within earshot."</p> <p>As for the researchers, they're continuing to investigate the acoustic structure and function of other human nonverbal vocalizations, including pain cries.</p> <p>This work was supported by the University of Sussex, the European Commission, and the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education.</p> </div> <div class="mobile-middle-rectangle hidden-md hidden-lg"> <div class="textrule"> <span>advertisement</span> </div>  <div id="adslot-mobile-middle-rectangle"> <script type="text/javascript"> googletag.cmd.push(function() { deployads.push(function() { deployads.gpt.display("adslot-mobile-middle-rectangle") }); }); </script> </div> <hr class="hrrule"/> </div> <hr class="hidden-sm hidden-xs"/> <div id="story_source"> <p><strong>Story Source:</strong></p> <p>Materials provided by <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180628213356/http://www.cellpress.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><strong>Cell Press</strong></a>. <em>Note: Content may be edited for style and length.</em></p> </div>  <hr/> <div id="journal_references"><p><strong>Journal Reference</strong>:</p> <ol class="journal"> <li>Jordan Raine, Katarzyna Pisanski, Anna Oleszkiewicz, Julia Simner, David Reby. <strong>Human Listeners Can Accurately Judge Strength and Height Relative to Self from Aggressive Roars and Speech</strong>. <em>iScience</em>, 2018; DOI: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180628213356/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2018.05.002" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">10.1016/j.isci.2018.05.002</a> </li> </ol> <hr/> </div>  <div id="citations"> <div role="tabpanel" class="right-tabs clearfix"> <p class="pull-left"><strong>Cite This Page</strong>:</p>  <ul class="nav nav-tabs" role="tablist"> <li role="presentation" class="active"><a href="#citation_mla" aria-controls="citation_mla" role="tab" data-toggle="tab">MLA</a></li> <li role="presentation"><a href="#citation_apa" aria-controls="citation_apa" role="tab" data-toggle="tab">APA</a></li> <li role="presentation"><a href="#citation_chicago" aria-controls="citation_chicago" role="tab" data-toggle="tab">Chicago</a></li> </ul> <div class="tab-content tab-citations"> <div role="tabpanel" class="tab-pane active" id="citation_mla">Cell Press. "I am human, hear me roar: Judging formidability from human vocalizations." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 28 June 2018. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/06/180628120111.htm>.</div> <div role="tabpanel" class="tab-pane" id="citation_apa">Cell Press. (2018, June 28). I am human, hear me roar: Judging formidability from human vocalizations. <em>ScienceDaily</em>. Retrieved June 28, 2018 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/06/180628120111.htm</div> <div role="tabpanel" class="tab-pane" id="citation_chicago">Cell Press. "I am human, hear me roar: Judging formidability from human vocalizations." 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I am human, hear me roar: Judging formidability from human vocalizations -- ScienceDaily