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user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%95%86%E4%BA%BA" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%95%86%E4%BA%BA" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" 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mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%95%86%E4%BA%BA" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-名称及分類" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#名称及分類"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>名称及分類</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-名称及分類-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关名称及分類子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-名称及分類-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-實業家" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#實業家"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>實業家</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-實業家-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-社会地位" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#社会地位"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>社会地位</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-社会地位-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关社会地位子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-社会地位-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-世界" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#世界"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>世界</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-世界-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>参考资料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸阅读" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸阅读"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>延伸阅读</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸阅读-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">商人</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。50种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empresario" title="Empresario – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Empresario" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84" title="أصحاب أعمال – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أصحاب أعمال" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بيزنيسمان – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="بيزنيسمان" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="اصحاب بيزنيس – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اصحاب بيزنيس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empresariu" title="Empresariu – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Empresariu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0%C5%9F_adam%C4%B1" title="İş adamı – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İş adamı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Бизнесмен – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бизнесмен" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%80" title="ব্যবসায়ী – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ব্যবসায়ী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empresari" title="Empresari – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Empresari" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%95%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="خاوەن کارەکان – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خاوەن کارەکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byznysmen" title="Byznysmen – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Byznysmen" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Businessperson" title="Businessperson – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Businessperson" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entreprenisto" title="Entreprenisto – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Entreprenisto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empresario" title="Empresario – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Empresario" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enpresaburu" title="Enpresaburu – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Enpresaburu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="اهالی کسب‌وکار – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اهالی کسب‌وکار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personnalit%C3%A9_du_monde_des_affaires" title="Personnalité du monde des affaires – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Personnalité du monde des affaires" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neach-malairt" title="Neach-malairt – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Neach-malairt" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apo%C3%B1emyak%C3%A3h%C3%A1ra" title="Apoñemyakãhára – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Apoñemyakãhára" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A9_%D7%A2%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9D" title="איש עסקים – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איש עסקים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="व्यापारी – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="व्यापारी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pebisnis" title="Pebisnis – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pebisnis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uomo_d%27affari" title="Uomo d'affari – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Uomo d'affari" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%9F%E6%A5%AD%E5%AE%B6" title="実業家 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="実業家" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%89%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF" title="ಉದ್ಯಮಿ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಉದ್ಯಮಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%97%85%EA%B0%80" title="사업가 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사업가" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karsaz" title="Karsaz – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Karsaz" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94" title="ນັກທຸລະກິດ – 老挝语" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ນັກທຸລະກິດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="老挝语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uz%C5%86%C4%93m%C4%93js" title="Uzņēmējs – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Uzņēmējs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Бизнесмен – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бизнесмен" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahli_perniagaan" title="Ahli perniagaan – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ahli perniagaan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%80" title="व्यवसायी – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="व्यवसायी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forretningsperson" title="Forretningsperson – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Forretningsperson" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forretningsfolk" title="Forretningsfolk – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Forretningsfolk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="سوداگر – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سوداگر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empres%C3%A1rio" title="Empresário – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Empresário" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Om_de_afaceri" title="Om de afaceri – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Om de afaceri" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Бизнесмен – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бизнесмен" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1_%DA%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%99" title="ڪاروبار ڪندڙ – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪاروبار ڪندڙ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Businessperson" title="Businessperson – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Businessperson" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poslovne%C5%BE" title="Poslovnež – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Poslovnež" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sip%C3%ABrmarr%C3%ABsi" title="Sipërmarrësi – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Sipërmarrësi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aff%C3%A4rsman" title="Affärsman – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Affärsman" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%88" title="นักธุรกิจ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นักธุรกิจ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0%C5%9F_insan%C4%B1" title="İş insanı – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İş insanı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doanh_nh%C3%A2n" title="Doanh nhân – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Doanh nhân" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%97%D7%A8" title="סוחר – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="סוחר" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%CC%8Dt-gia%CC%8Dp-ka" title="Si̍t-gia̍p-ka – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Si̍t-gia̍p-ka" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%84%8F%E4%BA%BA" title="生意人 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="生意人" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a 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.hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>此條目介紹的是從事商業活動的人物。关于建立商朝的古代部落，请见「<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E4%BA%BA_(%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F)" class="mw-redirect" title="商人 (民族)">商人 (民族)</a></b>」。</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ambox_globe_content.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Globe icon"><img alt="Globe icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/40px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/60px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/80px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此条目<b>論述以華文區為主</b>，未必有<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%81%BF%E5%85%8D%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="Wikipedia:避免地域中心">普世通用</a>的觀點。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2019年3月13日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>請<span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%95%86%E4%BA%BA&action=edit">協助補充內容</a></span>以<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%81%BF%E5%85%8D%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="Wikipedia:避免地域中心">避免偏頗</a>，或<a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:%E5%95%86%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talk:商人（页面不存在）">討論</a>本文的問題。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Merchants_from_Holland_and_the_Middle_East_trading..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Merchants_from_Holland_and_the_Middle_East_trading..jpg/220px-Merchants_from_Holland_and_the_Middle_East_trading..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Merchants_from_Holland_and_the_Middle_East_trading..jpg/330px-Merchants_from_Holland_and_the_Middle_East_trading..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Merchants_from_Holland_and_the_Middle_East_trading..jpg 2x" data-file-width="428" data-file-height="301" /></a><figcaption>古代商旅，靠長程<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93" class="mw-redirect" title="貿易">貿易</a>、「低買高賣」賺取價差</figcaption></figure> <p><b>商人</b>，古称<b>商贾</b>，中国广东称<b>生意人</b>，是指以別人產生的<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E5%93%81" class="mw-redirect" title="商品">商品</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%8D%E5%8B%99" class="mw-redirect" title="服務">服務</a>進行<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93" class="mw-redirect" title="貿易">貿易</a>，或自己擁有<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="第二产业">工業</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%81%E4%B8%9A" title="企业">企业</a>並透過人力市場雇用勞動力，生產或<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E4%B8%9A" title="商业">商业</a>活動（例如從事<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E6%B2%BB%E7%90%86" title="公司治理">公司治理</a>、物資買賣），承受<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%8E%E9%99%A9" title="风险">商業風險</a>而賺取<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%B6%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="利润">利润</a>的人物。商人从事行為所構成的行业類型称为商业，用于买卖获利的货物則称为商品。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="名称及分類"><span id=".E5.90.8D.E7.A7.B0.E5.8F.8A.E5.88.86.E9.A1.9E"></span>名称及分類</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%95%86%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：名称及分類"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>据说<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，之所以称为商人，源于3000年前中国古代刚刚进入青铜器时代的<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E6%9C%9D" title="商朝">商代</a>，商部落的人以交易起家致富，群起攻夏部落，后建立国家，经过百年发展国力逐渐下滑，后周人起兵灭商，建立<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9D" title="周朝">周朝</a>，商人灭国后流落各地仍然以交易的方式在各地谋生，民间称为商人，商人之称由此而来。商业的萌芽基于农业和手工业的发达，并伴随着文明的起源，对人类的文明发展有推动和促进作用。商人作为独立的职业，是社会分工进一步细化所产生的结果。 </p><p>古代中国对作買賣之人统称为「商贾」，有「坐賈行商」之說；意即「商」为从事长途贩运的商人，即为「<b>行商</b>」（英文「merchant」原來特指此職業，例如<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%8F%AF%E5%AD%9B%E7%BE%85" class="mw-redirect" title="馬可孛羅">馬可孛羅</a>），负责把出产地的货物贩运到销售市场；「贾」是开设铺面从事零售的商人，即为「<b>坐賈</b>」，负责从行商那里大量买下货物，然后向当地消费者零售这些商品。小<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A" title="手工业">手工業</a>者則是既作生產，也作銷售。一些本钱较小的商人，既无力从事长途贩运，又无法开设店铺进行定点零售，只有簡單臨時攤檔的則為「<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%B2%A9" title="小販">小販</a>」。連銷售點也沒有的，往往采用人力或小型交通工具走街串巷沿街叫卖，称为「<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A7%E9%83%8E" title="货郎">货郎</a>」。 </p><p>現代運輸發達兼<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%B7%A5" title="分工">分工</a>仔細，以純人力進行的長程商旅式微（但仍有少數地區如中國西南部<a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%B6%E9%A9%AC%E5%8F%A4%E9%81%93" title="茶马古道">茶馬古道</a>以<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E7%89%A9%E6%98%93%E7%89%A9" title="以物易物">以物易物</a>方式交易）；出售貨品的商人亦可簡單分為「<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%B9%E7%99%BC%E5%95%86" class="mw-redirect" title="批發商">批发商</a>」和「<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B6%E5%94%AE%E5%95%86" title="零售商">零售商</a>」，或可比擬為「行商」和「坐賈」的關係。至於<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93" class="mw-redirect" title="國際貿易">國際貿易</a>有貨品出口地的「<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%95%86" class="mw-redirect" title="出口商">出口商</a>」和貨品入口地的「<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A5%E5%8F%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="入口">入口商</a>」等等。商人如果在經商的過程中，有<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%B5%E6%96%B0" title="創新">創新</a>營運模式或主導事業以後，行動具變革的特點、企求突破以擴充事業版圖之人，更適合被稱為「<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%81%E4%B8%9A%E5%AE%B6" title="企业家">企業家</a>」。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="實業家"><span id=".E5.AF.A6.E6.A5.AD.E5.AE.B6"></span>實業家</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%95%86%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：實業家"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="近代中國">近代中國</a>，不少有識之士提倡「實業救國」；特別是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%8B%E5%8B%99%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" class="mw-redirect" title="洋務運動">洋務運動</a>伊始，<b>實業家</b>多指興辦有實際<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="工業">工業</a>生產，尤其是大規模<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="現代化">現代化</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E5%BB%A0" title="工廠">工廠</a>，以取代傳統小規模或家庭式作坊。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="社会地位"><span id=".E7.A4.BE.E4.BC.9A.E5.9C.B0.E4.BD.8D"></span>社会地位</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%95%86%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：社会地位"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>商人自古就是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%AB%E5%A4%A7%E5%A4%AB" title="士大夫">士</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="農夫">农</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A" title="手工业">工</a>商<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%B0%91" title="四民">四民</a>之一，顯示這對於一個社會的正常運作是不可或缺的職業。但中国由于历来人口众多，對糧食供應的需求較大，因此古中國歷代王朝皆以<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="農業">農業</a>為國家建立的根本，而从事商品运输和交换的商业成为<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E5%BB%B7" title="朝廷">朝廷</a>眼中的末业，商人的社会地位因此历来不高，朝廷多次頒布政策打壓商業，不過也有例外<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E9%9D%9E%E5%AD%90" title="韩非子">韩非子</a>在《<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E9%9D%9E%E5%AD%90#五蠹第四十九" title="韩非子">五蠹</a>》中把商人看作是社会的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B3%E8%9F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="害蟲">蛀虫</a>。“重农抑商”成为帝国的基本国策，历朝统治者都或多或少有打压商人的政策。<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%BC%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="西漢">西漢</a>時，開國皇帝<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E9%AB%98%E7%A5%96" class="mw-redirect" title="汉高祖">汉高祖</a>曾下旨，命令商人繳納重稅、不得穿<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9D%E7%BB%B8" title="丝绸">丝绸</a>衣服、不得骑马、後世子孫不得任官。高祖的曾孫<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%AD%A6%E5%B8%9D" title="汉武帝">汉武帝</a>即位後，更曾頒布詔令，規定商人不论登记与否，一律课重税。不许商人和家属拥有土地，违者土地没收，并充当<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B4%E9%9A%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="奴隶">奴隶</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="隋朝">隋</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D" title="唐朝">唐</a>時，政府明令禁止商人及其子弟参加<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E4%B8%BE%E8%80%83%E8%AF%95" class="mw-redirect" title="科举考试">科举考试</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="宋朝">宋朝</a>只允许商人中有“奇才异行者”应举。 <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="明">明</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85" class="mw-redirect" title="清">清</a>時期，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%88%AA%E6%B5%B7%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="大航海時代">大航海時代</a>來臨，中國為了與世界競爭，放寬了對商業的限制，商人地位才得以提高<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，而他們的管理能力與先見之明也帶來許多進步<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="世界"><span id=".E4.B8.96.E7.95.8C"></span>世界</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%95%86%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：世界"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>古代外國商人地位也不高，主要以<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="阿拉伯人">阿拉伯人</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="犹太人">犹太人</a>为主從事，但他们在<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a>常受歧视，稅率較高，需缴纳给皇室的税比其他任何人都要多。<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%95%99%E5%BE%92%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="清教徒革命">清教徒革命</a>之后，商人的地位逐渐上升。在美国，商人的地位得到了空前的提高，许多人可同时身兼政府要职，他们往往透過<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8A%E8%AA%AA%E5%9C%98%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="遊說團體">遊說團體</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%8D%BB%E9%87%91" class="mw-redirect" title="政治獻金">政治獻金</a>干预<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="美國國會">國會</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="美國政府">政府</a>的决策；在现代美国，歷任<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="美国总统">總統</a>中更有從政前為商人者，如<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E6%99%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="川普">川普</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%95%86%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E9%9A%8A" title="商隊">商隊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%81%E4%B8%9A%E5%AE%B6" title="企业家">企业家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%81%E4%BA%BA%E4%BC%81%E4%B8%9A%E5%AE%B6" title="私人企业家">私人企业家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BF%E4%B8%87%E5%AF%8C%E7%BF%81" title="亿万富翁">富豪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A1%E9%96%A5" class="mw-disambig" title="財閥">財閥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="资本家">资本家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%95%86%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="重商主義">重商主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E5%BA%97" title="商店">商店</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%AD%97%E8%99%9F" title="老字號">老字號</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考资料"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>参考资料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%95%86%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：参考资料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">童书业. 《中国手工业商业发展史》 2005版. 中华书局. : 第5页.</cite><span 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class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-04-16</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211026025909/http://economy.guoxue.com/?p=888">存档</a>于2021-10-26）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%95%86%E4%BA%BA&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feconomy.guoxue.com%2F%3Fp%3D888&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xiexingcun.com/3/0071_ts010038.htm">城市、商业和制造业的发展</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-06-26</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201221015151/http://www.xiexingcun.com/3/0071_ts010038.htm">存档</a>于2020-12-21）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%95%86%E4%BA%BA&rft.btitle=%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E3%80%81%E5%95%86%E4%B8%9A%E5%92%8C%E5%88%B6%E9%80%A0%E4%B8%9A%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xiexingcun.com%2F3%2F0071_ts010038.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mh.sinica.edu.tw/MHDocument/PublicationDetail/PublicationDetail_1553.pdf">存档副本</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-04-16</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240710070330/https://www.mh.sinica.edu.tw/MHDocument/PublicationDetail/PublicationDetail_1553.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2024-07-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%95%86%E4%BA%BA&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mh.sinica.edu.tw%2FMHDocument%2FPublicationDetail%2FPublicationDetail_1553.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cuhk.edu.hk/ics/21c/media/articles/c003-199002012.pdf">存档副本</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-04-16</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a 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style="float: right;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43845" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q43845"><span class="nomobile">在维基数据</span>编<span class="nomobile">辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span> </p> <dl><dd><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="维基文库"><img alt="维基文库中的相关文本：" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> 《<a 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