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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">áthelyezés az oldalsávba</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">elrejtés</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Bevezető</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Források" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Források"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Források</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Források-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-További_információk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#További_információk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>További információk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-További_információk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Tartalomjegyzék" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tartalomjegyzék kinyitása/becsukása" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tartalomjegyzék kinyitása/becsukása</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Holdnaptár</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ugrás egy más nyelvű szócikkre. Elérhető 74 nyelven" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-74" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">74 nyelv</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_calendar" title="Lunar calendar – angol" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Lunar calendar" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maankalender" title="Maankalender – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Maankalender" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%85_%D9%82%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="تقويم قمري – arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تقويم قمري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%85_%D9%82%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%89" title="تقويم قمرى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تقويم قمرى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ay_t%C9%99qvimi" title="Ay təqvimi – azerbajdzsáni" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ay təqvimi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzsáni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Лунен календар – bolgár" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лунен календар" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bolgár" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0" title="चंद्रमा आधारित कैलेंडर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="चंद्रमा आधारित कैलेंडर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="চান্দ্র পঞ্জিকা – bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চান্দ্র পঞ্জিকা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deiziadur_loarel" title="Deiziadur loarel – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Deiziadur loarel" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunarni_kalendar" title="Lunarni kalendar – bosnyák" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Lunarni kalendar" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnyák" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendari_lunar" title="Calendari lunar – katalán" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Calendari lunar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lun%C3%A1rn%C3%AD_kalend%C3%A1%C5%99" title="Lunární kalendář – cseh" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lunární kalendář" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cseh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunarkalender" title="Lunarkalender – német" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lunarkalender" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="német" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serrenamey_a%C5%9Fme" title="Serrenamey aşme – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Serrenamey aşme" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Σεληνιακό ημερολόγιο – görög" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σεληνιακό ημερολόγιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="görög" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_kalendaro" title="Luna kalendaro – eszperantó" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Luna kalendaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="eszperantó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendario_lunar" title="Calendario lunar – spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Calendario lunar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilargi_egutegi" title="Ilargi egutegi – baszk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ilargi egutegi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baszk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%82%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="گاه‌شماری قمری – perzsa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گاه‌شماری قمری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzsa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuukalenteri" title="Kuukalenteri – finn" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kuukalenteri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendrier_lunaire" title="Calendrier lunaire – francia" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Calendrier lunaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendario_lunar" title="Calendario lunar – gallego" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Calendario lunar" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%97_%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%99" title="לוח שנה ירחי – héber" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לוח שנה ירחי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="héber" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="चन्द्र पंचांग – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चन्द्र पंचांग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunarni_kalendar" title="Lunarni kalendar – horvát" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Lunarni kalendar" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvát" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D6%85%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D6%81" title="Լուսնային օրացույց – örmény" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լուսնային օրացույց" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="örmény" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendario_lunar" title="Calendario lunar – interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Calendario lunar" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalender_candra" title="Kalender candra – indonéz" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kalender candra" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonéz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendario_lunare" title="Calendario lunare – olasz" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Calendario lunare" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="olasz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%B0%E6%9A%A6" title="太陰暦 – japán" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="太陰暦" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pananggalan_candra" title="Pananggalan candra – jávai" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pananggalan candra" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="jávai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%97%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="მთვარისმიერი კალენდარი – grúz" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მთვარისმიერი კალენდარი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="grúz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taswast_tanayyurt" title="Taswast tanayyurt – kabije" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Taswast tanayyurt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabije" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7" title="ចន្ទគតិ – khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ចន្ទគតិ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%9D%8C%EB%A0%A5" title="태음력 – koreai" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="태음력" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salnameya_heyv%C3%AA" title="Salnameya heyvê – kurd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Salnameya heyvê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendarium_lunare" title="Calendarium lunare – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Calendarium lunare" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendario_lunal" title="Calendario lunal – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Calendario lunal" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%93ness_kalend%C4%81rs" title="Mēness kalendārs – lett" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mēness kalendārs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lett" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetiandro_manara-bolana" title="Tetiandro manara-bolana – malgas" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tetiandro manara-bolana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgas" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Месечев календар – macedón" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Месечев календар" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BC" title="ചാന്ദ്ര കലണ്ടർ – malajálam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചാന്ദ്ര കലണ്ടർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajálam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Билгийн тоолол – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Билгийн тоолол" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takwim_qamari" title="Takwim qamari – maláj" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Takwim qamari" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="maláj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D" title="चन्द्रमासिक सम्वत् – nepáli" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="चन्द्रमासिक सम्वत्" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepáli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maankalender" title="Maankalender – holland" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Maankalender" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A5ne%C3%A5r" title="Måneår – norvég (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Måneår" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvég (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A5nekalender" title="Månekalender – norvég (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Månekalender" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvég (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendier_lunar" title="Calendier lunar – okszitán" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Calendier lunar" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okszitán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhaha_ji%27aa" title="Dhaha ji'aa – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Dhaha ji'aa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalendarz_ksi%C4%99%C5%BCycowy" title="Kalendarz księżycowy – lengyel" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kalendarz księżycowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="lengyel" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calend%C3%A1rio_lunar" title="Calendário lunar – portugál" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Calendário lunar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugál" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendar_lunar" title="Calendar lunar – román" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Calendar lunar" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="román" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Лунный календарь – orosz" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лунный календарь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="orosz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunarni_kalendar" title="Lunarni kalendar – szerbhorvát" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Lunarni kalendar" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="szerbhorvát" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A0%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="චන්ද්‍ර දින දසුන් – szingaléz" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="චන්ද්‍ර දින දසුන්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="szingaléz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_calendar" title="Lunar calendar – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lunar calendar" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lun%C3%A1rny_kalend%C3%A1r" title="Lunárny kalendár – szlovák" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Lunárny kalendár" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="szlovák" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Лунарни календар – szerb" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Лунарни календар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="szerb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A5nkalender" title="Månkalender – svéd" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Månkalender" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svéd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalenda_ya_mwezi" title="Kalenda ya mwezi – szuahéli" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kalenda ya mwezi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="szuahéli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF" title="சந்திர நாட்காட்டி – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சந்திர நாட்காட்டி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="చాంద్రమాన కేలండర్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="చాంద్రమాన కేలండర్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4" title="ปฏิทินจันทรคติ – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปฏิทินจันทรคติ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ay_takvimi" title="Ay takvimi – török" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ay takvimi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="török" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Місячний календар – ukrán" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Місячний календар" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%85" title="قمری تقویم – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قمری تقویم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oy_taqvimi" title="Oy taqvimi – üzbég" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Oy taqvimi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="üzbég" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%82m_l%E1%BB%8Bch" title="Âm lịch – vietnámi" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Âm lịch" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnámi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calindr%C3%AE_lunrece" title="Calindrî lunrece – vallon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Calindrî lunrece" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%B4%E5%8E%86" title="阴历 – wu kínai" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阴历" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu kínai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="თუთაშ კალენდარი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="თუთაშ კალენდარი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%B4%E5%8E%86" title="阴历 – kínai" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阴历" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kínai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%99%B0%E6%9B%86" title="陰曆 – kantoni" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="陰曆" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q185688#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Nyelvközi hivatkozások szerkesztése" class="wbc-editpage">Hivatkozások szerkesztése</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Névterek"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Holdnapt%C3%A1r" title="A lap megtekintése [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Szócikk</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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class="cdx-dialog__header__subtitle">Ez a lap egy ellenőrzött változata</p></div><button class="cdx-button cdx-button--action-default cdx-button--weight-quiet
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							cdx-fr-css-icon--close"></span></button></header><div class="cdx-dialog__body">Ez a <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Jel%C3%B6lt_lapv%C3%A1ltozatok" title="Wikipédia:Jelölt lapváltozatok">közzétett változat</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1lis:Rendszernapl%C3%B3k&type=review&page=Speci%C3%A1lis:Badtitle/Message">ellenőrizve</a>: <i>2022. december 8.</i><p><table id="mw-fr-revisionratings-box" class="flaggedrevs-color-1" style="margin: auto;" cellpadding="0"><tr><td class="fr-text" style="vertical-align: middle;">Pontosság</td><td class="fr-value40" style="vertical-align: middle;">ellenőrzött</td></tr></table></p></div></div><div tabindex="0"></div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hu" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A1jl:Holdf%C3%A1zisok.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Holdf%C3%A1zisok.jpg/450px-Holdf%C3%A1zisok.jpg" decoding="async" width="450" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Holdf%C3%A1zisok.jpg/675px-Holdf%C3%A1zisok.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Holdf%C3%A1zisok.jpg/900px-Holdf%C3%A1zisok.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="910" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Hold" title="Hold">Hold</a> fázisai (a <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6ld" title="Föld">Föld</a> és a Hold távolsága erősen torzított)</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>holdhónap</b> (vagy <b>szinodikus hónap</b>) egy teljes holdciklus, ami átlagosan 29,53 napig tart. Az égbolton észlelhető legfeltűnőbb ciklikus jelenség (a <a href="/wiki/Nap" title="Nap">Nap</a> látszólagos mozgásán kívül), már az <a href="/wiki/%C5%90skor" title="Őskor">őskorban</a> is ismert volt. A 30 000 évesre datált <i>Abri Blanchard</i> csont holdnaptárra utaló véseteket tartalmaz. A holdciklusok több naptárban központi szerepet játszanak, ezek közé tartozik a <a href="/wiki/Zsid%C3%B3_napt%C3%A1r" title="Zsidó naptár">zsidó naptár</a> és a <a href="/wiki/Muszlim_napt%C3%A1r" title="Muszlim naptár">muszlim naptár</a>. </p><p>A legtöbb holdnaptárban az új holdhónap az <a href="/wiki/Hold#Holdfázisok" title="Hold">újhold</a> első feltűnésekor kezdődik. Ez egy jól meghatározható esemény, azonban ezzel kapcsolatban problémák is adódnak. Előfordul, hogy az égbolt éppen felhős és ezért az esemény nem látható. Az <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arab_csillag%C3%A1szat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arab csillagászat (a lap nem létezik)">arab csillagászok</a> már az <a href="/wiki/%C3%93kor" title="Ókor">ókorban</a> szembesültek ezzel, és megoldásként eljárást dolgoztak ki, amivel az esemény ideje előre meghatározható volt. A jelenleg is széles körben alkalmazott <a href="/wiki/Algoritmus" title="Algoritmus">algoritmus</a> szerint az egymás után következő holdhónapok hossza meghatározott rendszerben 29 és 30 nap között váltakozik, azonban ennek menetén időről-időre kiigazítást kell végezni. </p><p>További problémát jelent a holdnaptárat összhangba hozni az évszakok által meghatározott évvel. Néhány holdnaptár, például az iszlám naptár ezt nem is veszi figyelembe, hanem attól „függetlenül” jár. Egy iszlám évben 12 hónap és 354 nap van, így az év kezdete folyamatosan vándorol visszafelé. <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a>-ben az iszlám újév június 11-re esett, <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>-ben február 22-re. </p><p>Azokat a naptárakat, amik a <a href="/wiki/Hold" title="Hold">Hold</a> fázisain alapulnak, de az év hosszát a <a href="/wiki/Nap" title="Nap">Nap</a> járásához igazítják, <b>luniszoláris naptár</b>aknak nevezik. Ezekben a naptárakban egy hónapot beiktatnak vagy elvesznek az évből. </p><p>Az év hosszának, illetve kitüntetett napjának meghatározására bizonyos <a href="/wiki/Csillag" title="Csillag">csillagok</a> vagy <a href="/wiki/Csillagk%C3%A9p" title="Csillagkép">csillagképek</a> kelését figyelték meg (<b>helikális,</b> vagyis a napfelkeltét közvetlenül megelőző, illetve <b>akronikus</b>, azaz a napnyugtát közvetlenül követő időszakban). </p><p>Az <a href="/wiki/%C3%93kori_Egyiptom" title="Ókori Egyiptom">ókori egyiptomiak</a> például a <a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%ADriusz" title="Szíriusz">Szíriusz</a> csillag helikális kelését figyelték, ami egybeesett a <a href="/wiki/N%C3%ADlus" title="Nílus">Nílus</a> áradásának kezdetével. Ha ez nem így történt, beiktattak egy plusz hónapot az új év kezdete előtt. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">hawaiiak</a> és más <a href="/wiki/Polin%C3%A9zia" title="Polinézia">polinéziaiak</a> a <a href="/wiki/Messier_45" title="Messier 45">Plejádok csillagkép</a> helikális (néha akronikus) kelését használták hasonló célra. </p><p>Az <a href="/wiki/%C3%93kori_G%C3%B6r%C3%B6gorsz%C3%A1g" title="Ókori Görögország">ókori Görögországban</a> a csillagok feltűnését vagy eltűnését az évszakokkal összekapcsoló gyakorlat az i.e. 8. századtól van dokumentálva a <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9sziodosz" title="Hésziodosz">Hésziodosz</a> által a parasztoknak készített <a href="/wiki/Almanach" title="Almanach">almanachban</a>. Ez a gyakorlat valószínűleg megelőzte a holdnaptár kialakulását. </p><p>Egy másfajta módszert dolgoztak ki Görögországban az i.e. 5. században. Ez a több évszázada ismert <a href="/wiki/Babil%C3%B3nia" title="Babilónia">babilóni</a> módszeren alapult, ami egyesítette a precíz megfigyeléseket az összetett <a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A1mtan" title="Számtan">aritmetikai</a> számításokkal. Az eljárás lényege az a gyakorlatban igazolt megfigyelés, hogy 7 plusz hónap beiktatása 19 év alatt pontosan összhangba hozza a holdnaptárat az évszakok változásából adódó évvel. Az eltérés mindössze 0,2 nap, ami körülbelül 1 nap eltérést okoz 100 év alatt. Az elképzelést Görögországban <a href="/wiki/Met%C3%B3n_(csillag%C3%A1sz)" title="Metón (csillagász)">Metón</a> görög csillagász kezdte népszerűsíteni i.e. 432-ben, de azt csak i.e. 406-ban fogadták el hivatalosan. Alkalmazásának köre nem ismert. Az eljárás, illetve az időszak <a href="/wiki/Met%C3%B3n-ciklus" title="Metón-ciklus">Metón-ciklus</a> néven ismert. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Források"><span id="Forr.C3.A1sok"></span>Források</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holdnapt%C3%A1r&action=edit&section=1" title="Szakasz szerkesztése: Források"><span>szerkesztés</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Clive Ruggles: <i>Ancient Astronomy: An Encyclopedia of Cosmologies and Myth</i> 2005, <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1lis:K%C3%B6nyvforr%C3%A1sok/1851096167" title="Speciális:Könyvforrások/1851096167">ISBN 1-85109-616-7</a> (eBook)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="További_információk"><span id="Tov.C3.A1bbi_inform.C3.A1ci.C3.B3k"></span>További információk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holdnapt%C3%A1r&action=edit&section=2" title="Szakasz szerkesztése: További információk"><span>szerkesztés</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Aveni, Anthony: <i>Empires of Time: Calendars, Clocks and Cultures</i>, 106–115. New York: Basic Books, 1989</li> <li>McCready, Stuart, ed.: <i>The Discovery of Time</i>, 57–87. Naperville, IL: Sourcebooks, 2001</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r26593303">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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