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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Early history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Middle Ages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1552–1716:_Ottoman_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1552–1716:_Ottoman_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 1552–1716: Ottoman rule </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1552–1716:_Ottoman_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1716–1860:_Habsburg_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1716–1860:_Habsburg_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 1716–1860: Habsburg rule </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1716–1860:_Habsburg_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th–20th_centuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th–20th_centuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 19th–20th centuries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th–20th_centuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_World_War_I" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_World_War_I"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 After World War I </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_World_War_I-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Seismicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seismicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Seismicity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seismicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flora_and_fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora_and_fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Flora and fauna </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora_and_fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hydrography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hydrography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Hydrography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hydrography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Demography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnic_minorities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_minorities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Ethnic minorities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_minorities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics_and_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics_and_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Politics and administration </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics_and_administration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Politics and administration subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Politics_and_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Districts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metropolitan_area" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metropolitan_area"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Metropolitan area </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metropolitan_area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timișoara–Arad_metropolis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timișoara–Arad_metropolis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Timișoara–Arad metropolis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timișoara–Arad_metropolis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Industrial_sector" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrial_sector"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Industrial sector </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrial_sector-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Office_sector" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Office_sector"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Office sector </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Office_sector-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-IT&C_sector" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IT&C_sector"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 IT&C sector </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IT&C_sector-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Real_estate_sector" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Real_estate_sector"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Real estate sector </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Real_estate_sector-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commercial_sector" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commercial_sector"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Commercial sector </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commercial_sector-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6 Tourism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Education </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Education subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-university_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-university_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Pre-university education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-university_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Higher_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Higher_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Higher education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Higher_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scientific_research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scientific_research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Scientific research </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scientific_research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Healthcare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Healthcare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Healthcare </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Healthcare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Infrastructure </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Infrastructure subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Road_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Road transport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distances_by_road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distances_by_road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Distances by road </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distances_by_road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Public transport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4 Rail transport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.5 Air transport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.6 Water transport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alternative_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alternative_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.7 Alternative transport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alternative_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Architecture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Architecture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historic_neighborhoods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historic_neighborhoods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Historic neighborhoods </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historic_neighborhoods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cetate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cetate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1.1 Cetate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cetate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fabric" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fabric"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1.2 Fabric </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fabric-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iosefin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iosefin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1.3 Iosefin </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iosefin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elisabetin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elisabetin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1.4 Elisabetin </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elisabetin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1919–1947:_Neo-Romanian_architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1919–1947:_Neo-Romanian_architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 1919–1947: Neo-Romanian architecture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1919–1947:_Neo-Romanian_architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1947–1989:_Socialist_classicism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1947–1989:_Socialist_classicism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3 1947–1989: Socialist classicism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1947–1989:_Socialist_classicism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1990–present:_Contemporary_architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1990–present:_Contemporary_architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.4 1990–present: Contemporary architecture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1990–present:_Contemporary_architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Visual_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visual_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Visual arts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visual_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Performing_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performing_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 Performing arts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Performing_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.3 Literature </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.4 Music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.5 Museums </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.6 Festivals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks_and_green_spaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks_and_green_spaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Parks and green spaces </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks_and_green_spaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mass_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mass_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Mass media </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mass_media-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Mass media subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Mass_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Print_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Print_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.1 Print media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Print_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Audiovisual_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Audiovisual_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.2 Audiovisual media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Audiovisual_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Radio_stations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio_stations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.2.1 Radio stations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio_stations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television_stations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television_stations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.2.2 Television stations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television_stations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Notable people </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Notable people subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Honorary_citizens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honorary_citizens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.1 Honorary citizens </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honorary_citizens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 International relations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle International relations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16.1 Twin towns – sister cities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Timișoara</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 94 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-94" aria-hidden="true" > 94 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C5%9Foara" title="Timişoara – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Timişoara" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temeschwar" title="Temeschwar – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Temeschwar" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="تيميشوارا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تيميشوارا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Timișoara" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Timișoara" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C5%9Foara" title="Timişoara – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Timişoara" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="تیمیشوارا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تیمیشوارا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE" title="তিমিশোয়ারা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তিমিশোয়ারা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тымішаара – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тымішаара" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тымішаара – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Тымішаара" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тимишоара – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тимишоара" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temi%C5%A1var" title="Temišvar – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Temišvar" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Timișoara" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Timișoara" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тимишоара – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тимишоара" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Timișoara" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teme%C5%A1v%C3%A1r" title="Temešvár – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Temešvár" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Timișoara" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="تيميشوارا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="تيميشوارا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Timișoara" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Timișoara" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BF%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B1" title="Τιμισοάρα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τιμισοάρα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Timișoara" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Timișoara" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timisoara" title="Timisoara – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Timisoara" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Timișoara" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="تیمیشوارا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تیمیشوارا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Timișoara" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Timișoara" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Timișoara" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Timișoara" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8B%B0%EB%AF%B8%EC%87%BC%EC%95%84%EB%9D%BC" title="티미쇼아라 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="티미쇼아라" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%B7%D5%B8%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1" title="Տիմիշոարա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տիմիշոարա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temi%C5%A1var" title="Temišvar – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Temišvar" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Timișoara" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Timișoara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C5%9Foara" title="Timişoara – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Timişoara" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%80%C3%A6" title="Тимишоарæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Тимишоарæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Timișoara" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Timișoara" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%94" title="טימישוארה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טימישוארה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Timișoara" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9D%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="ტიმიშოარა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტიმიშოარა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timisvaria" title="Timisvaria – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Timisvaria" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C5%A1oara" title="Timišoara – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Timišoara" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C5%A1oara" title="Timišoara – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Timišoara" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Timișoara" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temesv%C3%A1r" title="Temesvár – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Temesvár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Темишвар – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Темишвар" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="तिमिसोआरा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तिमिसोआरा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="تيميشوارا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تيميشوارا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Timișoara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Timișoara" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тимишоара – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Тимишоара" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Timișoara" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%9F%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A9" title="ティミショアラ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ティミショアラ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тимишоара – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Тимишоара" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Timișoara" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Timișoara" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Timișoara" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timishoare" title="Timishoare – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Timishoare" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="تیمشوآرا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تیمشوآرا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Timișoara" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Timișoara" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Timișoara" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тимишоара – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тимишоара" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Timișoara" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temishvari" title="Temishvari – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Temishvari" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Timișoara" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Timișoara" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teme%C5%A1v%C3%A1r" title="Temešvár – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Temešvár" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temi%C5%A1var" title="Temišvar – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Temišvar" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Timișoara" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Темишвар – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Темишвар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temi%C5%A1var" title="Temišvar – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Temišvar" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Timișoara" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Timișoara" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C5%9Foara" title="Timişoara – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Timişoara" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2" title="ตีมีชออารา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตีมีชออารา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тимишоара – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Тимишоара" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teme%C5%9Fvar" title="Temeşvar – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Temeşvar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%CC%B1mishwara" title="Ti̱mishwara – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Ti̱mishwara" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тімішоара – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тімішоара" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="تیمیشوارا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تیمیشوارا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Timișoara" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C5%A1oar" title="Timišoar – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Timišoar" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Timișoara" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Timișoara" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Timișoara" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%82%E7%B1%B3%E4%BB%80%E7%93%A6%E6%8B%89" title="蒂米什瓦拉 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="蒂米什瓦拉" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B7%BB%E7%BE%8E%E7%B4%A2%E4%BA%9E%E6%8B%BF" title="添美索亞拿 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="添美索亞拿" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teme%C5%9Fvar" title="Temeşvar – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Temeşvar" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timi%C5%A1oara" title="Timišoara – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Timišoara" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" 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class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Timi%C8%99oara&params=45_45_35_N_21_13_48_E_type:city_region:RO">45°45′35″N 21°13′48″E / 45.75972°N 21.23000°E / 45.75972; 21.23000</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City and county seat in Timiș County, Romania</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Timiș, Romania</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Timișoara</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Municipiu" title="Municipiu">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:178px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Festivalul_Inimilor_Timi%C8%99oara.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Festivalul_Inimilor_Timi%C8%99oara.jpg/268px-Festivalul_Inimilor_Timi%C8%99oara.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Festivalul_Inimilor_Timi%C8%99oara.jpg/402px-Festivalul_Inimilor_Timi%C8%99oara.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Festivalul_Inimilor_Timi%C8%99oara.jpg/536px-Festivalul_Inimilor_Timi%C8%99oara.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3991" data-file-height="2661" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center">Aerial view overlooking <a href="/wiki/Roses_Park,_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Roses Park, Timișoara">Roses Park</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bega_(Tisza)" title="Bega (Tisza)">Bega</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:188px;max-width:188px"><div style="height:104px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Pia%C8%9Ba_Victoriei_Timi%C8%99oara.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Pia%C8%9Ba_Victoriei_Timi%C8%99oara.jpg/186px-Pia%C8%9Ba_Victoriei_Timi%C8%99oara.jpg" decoding="async" width="186" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Pia%C8%9Ba_Victoriei_Timi%C8%99oara.jpg/279px-Pia%C8%9Ba_Victoriei_Timi%C8%99oara.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Pia%C8%9Ba_Victoriei_Timi%C8%99oara.jpg/372px-Pia%C8%9Ba_Victoriei_Timi%C8%99oara.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2250" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Victory_Square,_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Victory Square, Timișoara">Victory Square</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara_Orthodox_Cathedral" title="Timișoara Orthodox Cathedral">Metropolitan Cathedral</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:80px;max-width:80px"><div style="height:104px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Timisoara,_Lupa_Capitolina.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Timisoara%2C_Lupa_Capitolina.jpg/78px-Timisoara%2C_Lupa_Capitolina.jpg" decoding="async" width="78" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Timisoara%2C_Lupa_Capitolina.jpg/117px-Timisoara%2C_Lupa_Capitolina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Timisoara%2C_Lupa_Capitolina.jpg/156px-Timisoara%2C_Lupa_Capitolina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="2400" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Capitoline_Wolf,_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Capitoline Wolf, Timișoara">Capitoline Wolf</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:115px;max-width:115px"><div style="height:84px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Opera_Na%C8%9Bional%C4%83_Rom%C3%A2n%C4%83_din_Timi%C8%99oara_(April_-_2023).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Opera_Na%C8%9Bional%C4%83_Rom%C3%A2n%C4%83_din_Timi%C8%99oara_%28April_-_2023%29.jpg/113px-Opera_Na%C8%9Bional%C4%83_Rom%C3%A2n%C4%83_din_Timi%C8%99oara_%28April_-_2023%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Opera_Na%C8%9Bional%C4%83_Rom%C3%A2n%C4%83_din_Timi%C8%99oara_%28April_-_2023%29.jpg/170px-Opera_Na%C8%9Bional%C4%83_Rom%C3%A2n%C4%83_din_Timi%C8%99oara_%28April_-_2023%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Opera_Na%C8%9Bional%C4%83_Rom%C3%A2n%C4%83_din_Timi%C8%99oara_%28April_-_2023%29.jpg/226px-Opera_Na%C8%9Bional%C4%83_Rom%C3%A2n%C4%83_din_Timi%C8%99oara_%28April_-_2023%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_National_Opera,_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Romanian National Opera, Timișoara">Romanian National Opera</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:153px;max-width:153px"><div style="height:84px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Pia%C8%9Ba_Libert%C4%83%C8%9Bii_Timi%C8%99oara.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Pia%C8%9Ba_Libert%C4%83%C8%9Bii_Timi%C8%99oara.jpg/151px-Pia%C8%9Ba_Libert%C4%83%C8%9Bii_Timi%C8%99oara.jpg" decoding="async" width="151" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Pia%C8%9Ba_Libert%C4%83%C8%9Bii_Timi%C8%99oara.jpg/227px-Pia%C8%9Ba_Libert%C4%83%C8%9Bii_Timi%C8%99oara.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Pia%C8%9Ba_Libert%C4%83%C8%9Bii_Timi%C8%99oara.jpg/302px-Pia%C8%9Ba_Libert%C4%83%C8%9Bii_Timi%C8%99oara.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2250" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Square,_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Liberty Square, Timișoara">Liberty Square</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:122px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:April_2023_-_Pia%C8%9Ba_Unirii_din_Timi%C8%99oara_-_img_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/April_2023_-_Pia%C8%9Ba_Unirii_din_Timi%C8%99oara_-_img_05.jpg/268px-April_2023_-_Pia%C8%9Ba_Unirii_din_Timi%C8%99oara_-_img_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/April_2023_-_Pia%C8%9Ba_Unirii_din_Timi%C8%99oara_-_img_05.jpg/402px-April_2023_-_Pia%C8%9Ba_Unirii_din_Timi%C8%99oara_-_img_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/April_2023_-_Pia%C8%9Ba_Unirii_din_Timi%C8%99oara_-_img_05.jpg/536px-April_2023_-_Pia%C8%9Ba_Unirii_din_Timi%C8%99oara_-_img_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3704" data-file-height="1693" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Union_Square,_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Union Square, Timișoara">Union Square</a> with <a href="/wiki/Br%C3%BCck_House" title="Brück House">Brück House</a> on the left</div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Drapeau_de_la_Savoie.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Timișoara"><img alt="Flag of Timișoara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Drapeau_de_la_Savoie.svg/100px-Drapeau_de_la_Savoie.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Drapeau_de_la_Savoie.svg/150px-Drapeau_de_la_Savoie.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Drapeau_de_la_Savoie.svg/200px-Drapeau_de_la_Savoie.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Flag of Timișoara">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:ROU_TM_Timisoara_CoA1.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Timișoara"><img alt="Coat of arms of Timișoara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/ROU_TM_Timisoara_CoA1.png/64px-ROU_TM_Timisoara_CoA1.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/ROU_TM_Timisoara_CoA1.png/97px-ROU_TM_Timisoara_CoA1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/ROU_TM_Timisoara_CoA1.png/129px-ROU_TM_Timisoara_CoA1.png 2x" data-file-width="925" data-file-height="1434" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Coat of arms of Timișoara">Coat of arms</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Little Vienna, City of Roses,<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> City of Parks,<a href="#cite_note-strutz-2">[2]</a> Garden City<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Timisoara_jud_Timis.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location in Timiș County"><img alt="Location in Timiș County" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Timisoara_jud_Timis.svg/250px-Timisoara_jud_Timis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Timisoara_jud_Timis.svg/375px-Timisoara_jud_Timis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Timisoara_jud_Timis.svg/500px-Timisoara_jud_Timis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1922" data-file-height="1254" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location in Timiș County</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">OpenStreetMap</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="8" data-overlays="["_27523642cd3f7a4283562723ecd2cb8ede3576ca"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Timi%C8%99oara&revid=1260971860&groups=_27523642cd3f7a4283562723ecd2cb8ede3576ca" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Timi%C8%99oara&revid=1260971860&groups=_27523642cd3f7a4283562723ecd2cb8ede3576ca 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Relief_Map_of_Romania.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Timișoara is located in Romania"><img alt="Timișoara is located in Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Relief_Map_of_Romania.png/250px-Relief_Map_of_Romania.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Relief_Map_of_Romania.png/375px-Relief_Map_of_Romania.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Relief_Map_of_Romania.png/500px-Relief_Map_of_Romania.png 2x" data-file-width="806" data-file-height="576" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:53.731%;left:12.3%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Timișoara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Timișoara</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div>Show map of Romania</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Timișoara is located in Europe"><img alt="Timișoara is located in Europe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/250px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/375px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/500px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1580" data-file-height="1351" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:70.244%;left:54.329%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Timișoara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Timișoara</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div>Show map of Europe</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Timi%C8%99oara&params=45_45_35_N_21_13_48_E_type:city_region:RO">45°45′35″N 21°13′48″E / 45.75972°N 21.23000°E / 45.75972; 21.23000</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Romania</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Romania" title="Counties of Romania">County</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99_County" title="Timiș County">Timiș</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Romania">Status</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">County seat</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First official record</th><td class="infobox-data">1212 (as castrum regium Themes)<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(2020–)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Fritz" title="Dominic Fritz">Dominic Fritz</a><a href="#cite_note-alegeri2024-5">[5]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Save_Romania_Union" title="Save Romania Union">USR</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-tm-arad-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Municipiu" title="Municipiu">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">130.03 km2 (50.20 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,080.31 km2 (417.11 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">90 m (300 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/2021_Romanian_census" title="2021 Romanian census">2021 census</a>)<a href="#cite_note-RPL2021-9">[9]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Municipiu" title="Municipiu">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">250,849</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Romania" title="List of cities and towns in Romania">5th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,900/km2 (5,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">430,071<a href="#cite_note-tempo-8">[8]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonyms</a></th><td class="infobox-data">timișorean, timișoreancă (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">ro</a>) temesvári (<a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">hu</a>) temeswarer, temeswarin (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">de</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Time" title="Eastern European Time">EET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B3" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+3">UTC+3</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Summer_Time" title="Eastern European Summer Time">EEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Romania" title="Postal codes in Romania">Postal code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">300xyz1</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Romania" title="Telephone numbers in Romania">Tel. code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Romania_telephone_area_codes" class="mw-redirect" title="Romania telephone area codes">+40 x56</a>2</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_car_number_plates" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian car number plates">Car plates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">TM</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Climate</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">Cfb</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.primariatm.ro/">www.primariatm.ro</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below">1x, y and z are digits that indicate the street, part of the street or even the building of the address 2x is a digit indicating the operator: 2 for the former national operator, <a href="/wiki/Romtelecom" class="mw-redirect" title="Romtelecom">Romtelecom</a>, and 3 for other ground telephone networks</td></tr></tbody></table> Timișoara (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˌtɪmɪˈʃwɑːrə/</a>,<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˌtiːmiː-/</a>,<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Romanian: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romanian" title="Help:IPA/Romanian">[</a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romanian" title="Help:IPA/Romanian">t</a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romanian" title="Help:IPA/Romanian">i</a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romanian" title="Help:IPA/Romanian">m</a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romanian" title="Help:IPA/Romanian">i</a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romanian" title="Help:IPA/Romanian">ˈ</a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romanian" title="Help:IPA/Romanian">ʃ</a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romanian" title="Help:IPA/Romanian">o̯a</a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romanian" title="Help:IPA/Romanian">r</a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romanian" title="Help:IPA/Romanian">a</a><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romanian" title="Help:IPA/Romanian">]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/9c\/Ro-Timi%C5%9Foara.oga\/Ro-Timi%C5%9Foara.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Ro-Timi\u015foara.oga"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/Ro-Timi%C5%9Foara.oga/Ro-Timi%C5%9Foara.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Ro-Timi%C5%9Foara.oga" title="File:Ro-Timişoara.oga">ⓘ</a>; <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: Temeswar <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈtɛmɛʃvaːɐ̯]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/33\/De-Temeswar.ogg\/De-Temeswar.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Temeswar.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/33/De-Temeswar.ogg/De-Temeswar.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:De-Temeswar.ogg" title="File:De-Temeswar.ogg">ⓘ</a>, also Temeschwar or Temeschburg;<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>: Temesvár <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hungarian" title="Help:IPA/Hungarian">[ˈtɛmɛʃvaːr]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-3" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/0e\/Temesv%C3%A1r.ogg\/Temesv%C3%A1r.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Temesv\u00e1r.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/Temesv%C3%A1r.ogg/Temesv%C3%A1r.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Temesv%C3%A1r.ogg" title="File:Temesvár.ogg">ⓘ</a>; <a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a>: Темишвар, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Serbian" title="Romanization of Serbian">romanized</a>: Temišvar <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian" title="Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian">[těmiʃʋaːr]</a>; see <a href="#Etymology">other names</a>) is the capital city of <a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99_County" title="Timiș County">Timiș County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banat" title="Banat">Banat</a>, and the main economic, social and cultural centre in Western <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>. Located on the <a href="/wiki/Bega_(Tisza)" title="Bega (Tisza)">Bega River</a>, Timișoara is considered the informal capital city of the historical <a href="/wiki/Banat" title="Banat">Banat</a> region. From 1848 to 1860 it was the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Vojvodina" title="Serbian Vojvodina">Serbian Vojvodina</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Voivodeship_of_Serbia_and_Banat_of_Temeschwar" title="Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar">Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar</a>. With 250,849 inhabitants at the <a href="/wiki/2021_Romanian_census" title="2021 Romanian census">2021 census</a>, Timișoara is the country's <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Romania" title="List of cities and towns in Romania">fifth most populous city</a>.<a href="#cite_note-RPL2021-9">[9]</a> It is home to around 400,000 inhabitants in its <a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara_metropolitan_area" title="Timișoara metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a>, while the Timișoara–Arad metropolis concentrates more than 70% of the population of Timiș and <a href="/wiki/Arad_County" title="Arad County">Arad</a> counties. Timișoara is a multicultural city, home to 21 ethnic groups and 18 religious denominations.<a href="#cite_note-sidu-13">[13]</a> Historically, the most numerous were the <a href="/wiki/Banat_Swabians" title="Banat Swabians">Swabian Germans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hungarians" title="Hungarians">Hungarians</a>, who still make up 6% of the population in Timișoara.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Conquered in 1716 by the Austrians from the Ottoman Turks, Timișoara developed in the following centuries behind the fortifications and in the urban nuclei located around them. During the second half of the 19th century, the fortress began to lose its usefulness, due to many developments in military technology. Former bastions and military spaces were demolished and replaced with new boulevards and neighbourhoods.<a href="#cite_note-defortificare-15">[15]</a> Timișoara was the first city in the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburg monarchy</a> with <a href="/wiki/Street_lighting" class="mw-redirect" title="Street lighting">street lighting</a> (1760) and the first European city to be lit by electric street lamps in 1884.<a href="#cite_note-premiere-16">[16]</a> It opened the first public lending library in the Habsburg monarchy and built a municipal hospital 24 years ahead of <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>.<a href="#cite_note-premiere-16">[16]</a> Also, in 1771 it published the first German newspaper in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Europe" title="Southeast Europe">Southeast Europe</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Timi%C8%99oara_Times" title="The Timișoara Times">Temeswarer Nachrichten</a>).<a href="#cite_note-premiere-16">[16]</a> In December 1989, Timișoara was the starting point of the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Revolution">Romanian Revolution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Timișoara is one of the most important educational centres in Romania, with about 40,000 students<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> enrolled in the city's six universities. Like many other large cities in Romania, Timișoara is a <a href="/wiki/Medical_tourism" title="Medical tourism">medical tourism</a> service provider, especially for <a href="/wiki/Dentistry" title="Dentistry">dental care</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cosmetic_surgery" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmetic surgery">cosmetic surgery</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Several breakthroughs in Romanian medicine have been achieved in Timișoara, including the first <a href="/wiki/In_vitro_fertilization" class="mw-redirect" title="In vitro fertilization">in vitro fertilization</a>, the first laser <a href="/wiki/Heart_surgery" class="mw-redirect" title="Heart surgery">heart surgery</a> and the first <a href="/wiki/Hematopoietic_stem_cell_transplantation" title="Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation">stem cell transplant</a>.<a href="#cite_note-premiere-16">[16]</a> As a technology hub, the city has one of the most powerful <a href="/wiki/IT" class="mw-redirect" title="IT">IT</a> sectors in Romania alongside <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cluj-Napoca" title="Cluj-Napoca">Cluj-Napoca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ia%C8%99i" title="Iași">Iași</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bra%C8%99ov" title="Brașov">Brașov</a>. In 2013, Timișoara had the fastest internet download speed in the world.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Nicknamed the "Little Vienna" or the "City of Roses", Timișoara is noted for its large number of <a href="/wiki/Monument_istoric" class="mw-redirect" title="Monument istoric">historical monuments</a> and its 36 parks and green spaces.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Spa" title="Spa">spa</a> resorts <a href="/wiki/Buzia%C8%99" title="Buziaș">Buziaș</a> and <a href="/wiki/Or%C8%9Bi%C8%99oara" title="Orțișoara">Băile Călacea</a> are located at a distance of 30 and 27 km (19 and 17 miles) from the city, respectively, mentioned since Roman times for the properties of healing waters. Along with <a href="/wiki/Oradea" title="Oradea">Oradea</a>, Timișoara is part of the <a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> European Route.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> It is also a member of <a href="/wiki/Eurocities" title="Eurocities">Eurocities</a>.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Timișoara has an active cultural scene due to the city's three state theatres, <a href="/wiki/Romanian_National_Opera,_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Romanian National Opera, Timișoara">opera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banatul_Philharmonic_of_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Banatul Philharmonic of Timișoara">philharmonic</a> and many other cultural institutions. In 2016, Timișoara was the first Romanian Youth Capital,<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> and in 2023 it held the title of <a href="/wiki/European_Capital_of_Culture" title="European Capital of Culture">European Capital of Culture</a>, along with the cities of <a href="/wiki/Veszpr%C3%A9m" title="Veszprém">Veszprém</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elefsina" title="Elefsina">Elefsina</a> in <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a> name of the city, Temesvár, was first recorded as Temeswar in 1315.<a href="#cite_note-lajos-26">[26]</a> It refers to a castle (vár) on the <a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Timiș River">Timiș River</a> (Temes).<a href="#cite_note-lajos-26">[26]</a> Timiș belongs to the family of hydronyms derived from the Indo-European radical thib "swamp".<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a> and <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> oikonyms (Timișoara and Temeschburg,<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> respectively) derived from the Hungarian form.<a href="#cite_note-lajos-26">[26]</a> The Habsburg/Austrian authorities also used Temeschwar or Temeswar, names that have become commonplace in current usage. The name of the city comes from the river which passes the city, Timișul Mic (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: Kleine Temesch; <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>: Kistemes),<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> hydronym which was in use until the 18th century when it was changed to Bega or Beghei.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; width:50%"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Names in various languages</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a>: Temishvari<a href="#cite_note-jovanovic-31">[31]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Banat_Bulgarian_dialect" title="Banat Bulgarian dialect">Banat Bulgarian</a>: Timišvár<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Banat_Swabians" title="Banat Swabians">Banat Swabian</a>: Temeschwar<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_language" title="Bosnian language">Bosnian</a>: Temišvar</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>: Temišvar</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a>: Temešvár or Temešov<a href="#cite_note-knab-34">[34]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: Temeswaar<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: Τιμισοάρα, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">romanized</a>: Timisoára</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: Timisvaria</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Turkish language">Ottoman Turkish</a>: تمشوار, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ottoman_Turkish" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ottoman Turkish">romanized</a>: Temešvār<a href="#cite_note-geonames-36">[36]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: Temeszwar<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: Темешвар, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: Temeshvar<a href="#cite_note-knab-34">[34]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a>: Темишвар, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Serbian" title="Romanization of Serbian">romanized</a>: Temišvar<a href="#cite_note-jovanovic-31">[31]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>: Temešvár</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a>: Temišvar</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: Temeşvar or Tamışvar<a href="#cite_note-geonames-36">[36]</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: Темешвар, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ukrainian" title="Romanization of Ukrainian">romanized</a>: Temeshvar</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Yiddish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddish language">Yiddish</a>: טעמעשוואַר, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Yiddish" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Yiddish">romanized</a>: Temeshvar<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Timi%C8%99oara" title="History of Timișoara">History of Timișoara</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style=";"> <div class="quotebox-title" style="">Historical affiliations</div> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Matthias_I_of_Hungary_%28variant%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Matthias_I_of_Hungary_%28variant%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Matthias_I_of_Hungary_%28variant%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Matthias_I_of_Hungary_%28variant%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Matthias_I_of_Hungary_%28variant%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Matthias_I_of_Hungary_%28variant%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1000%E2%80%931301)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301)">Kingdom of Hungary</a> (1212–1526) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Coa_Hungary_Country_History_John_I_of_Hungary_%28Szapolyai%29_%281526-1540%29.svg/13px-Coa_Hungary_Country_History_John_I_of_Hungary_%28Szapolyai%29_%281526-1540%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Coa_Hungary_Country_History_John_I_of_Hungary_%28Szapolyai%29_%281526-1540%29.svg/20px-Coa_Hungary_Country_History_John_I_of_Hungary_%28Szapolyai%29_%281526-1540%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Coa_Hungary_Country_History_John_I_of_Hungary_%28Szapolyai%29_%281526-1540%29.svg/26px-Coa_Hungary_Country_History_John_I_of_Hungary_%28Szapolyai%29_%281526-1540%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Hungarian_Kingdom" title="Eastern Hungarian Kingdom">Eastern Hungarian Kingdom</a> (1526–1551) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1526%E2%80%931867)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1526–1867)">Kingdom of Hungary</a> (1551–1552) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> (1552–1716) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/23px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/35px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/45px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburg Monarchy</a> (1718–1779) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1526%E2%80%931867)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1526–1867)">Kingdom of Hungary</a> (1779–1849) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a> (1849–1867) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a> (1867–1918) (de jure Hungary <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Trianon" title="Treaty of Trianon">until 1920</a>) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Socialist_red_flag.svg/23px-Socialist_red_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Socialist_red_flag.svg/35px-Socialist_red_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Socialist_red_flag.svg/45px-Socialist_red_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Banat_Republic" title="Banat Republic">Banat Republic</a> (1918) (de facto) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Serbia_%281882%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia_%281882%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Serbia_%281882%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia_%281882%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Serbia_%281882%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia_%281882%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Kingdom of Serbia">Kingdom of Serbia</a> (1918) (de facto) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a> (1918–1919) (de facto) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Kingdom of Romania</a> (1920–1947) (de facto from 1919) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_Romania_%281952%E2%80%931965%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania_%281952%E2%80%931965%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_Romania_%281952%E2%80%931965%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania_%281952%E2%80%931965%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_Romania_%281952%E2%80%931965%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania_%281952%E2%80%931965%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="Socialist Republic of Romania">Romanian People's Republic</a> (1947–1965) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_Romania_%281965%E2%80%931989%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania_%281965%E2%80%931989%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_Romania_%281965%E2%80%931989%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania_%281965%E2%80%931989%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_Romania_%281965%E2%80%931989%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania_%281965%E2%80%931989%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="Socialist Republic of Romania">Socialist Republic of Romania</a> (1965–1989) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> (1989–present) </blockquote> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early history">edit</a>]</div> The southeastern part of the <a href="/wiki/Pannonian_basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Pannonian basin">Pannonian Plain</a> is bounded by the <a href="/wiki/Mure%C8%99_(river)" title="Mureș (river)">Mureș</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Tisza" title="Tisza">Tisza</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a>; the region was very fertile and already offered favourable conditions for food and human livelihood in 4000 BC.<a href="#cite_note-istorie-39">[39]</a> Archeological remains attested the presence of a population of farmers, hunters and artisans, whose existence was favoured by mild climate, fertile soil and abundant water and forests. The first identifiable civilisation in Banat were the <a href="/wiki/Dacians" title="Dacians">Dacians</a> who left traces of their past.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Several Romanian historians have advanced the idea that the current location of Timișoara corresponds to the Dacian settlement of <a href="/wiki/Zurobara" title="Zurobara">Zurobara</a>. Although its location is unknown, the coordinates given by geographer <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a> in Geographike Hyphegesis place it in the northwest of Banat.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Middle Ages">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bastion_Theresia_corp_A,_B,_C,_E.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Bastion_Theresia_corp_A%2C_B%2C_C%2C_E.jpg/220px-Bastion_Theresia_corp_A%2C_B%2C_C%2C_E.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Bastion_Theresia_corp_A%2C_B%2C_C%2C_E.jpg/330px-Bastion_Theresia_corp_A%2C_B%2C_C%2C_E.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Bastion_Theresia_corp_A%2C_B%2C_C%2C_E.jpg/440px-Bastion_Theresia_corp_A%2C_B%2C_C%2C_E.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Theresia_Bastion" title="Theresia Bastion">Theresia Bastion</a> served as a defensive wall of the <a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara_Fortress" title="Timișoara Fortress">Timișoara Fortress</a>.</figcaption></figure> It is assumed that in the 9th century Knyaz <a href="/wiki/Glad_(duke)" title="Glad (duke)">Glad</a> ruled over these lands, accepting Hungarian sovereignty, though no contemporary accounts exist.<a href="#cite_note-istorie-39">[39]</a> Timișoara was first officially mentioned in 1212 as the Roman <a href="/wiki/Castrum" class="mw-redirect" title="Castrum">castrum</a> Temesiensis<a href="#cite_note-britannica-42">[42]</a> or castrum regium Themes.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> This year is disputed by historians of the opinion that the city's first documentary mention comes from 1266, when heir apparent <a href="/wiki/Stephen_V_of_Hungary" title="Stephen V of Hungary">Stephen V of Hungary</a> donates part of the Tymes fortress, built by his father, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_IV_of_Hungary" title="Béla IV of Hungary">Béla IV</a>, to Count Parabuch.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> The city was destroyed by the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Mongol_and_Tatar_attacks_in_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Mongol and Tatar attacks in Europe">Tatars</a> in the 13th century,<a href="#cite_note-britannica-42">[42]</a> but the city was rebuilt and grew considerably during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Hungary" title="Charles I of Hungary">Charles I of Hungary</a>, who, upon his visit there in 1307, ordered the strengthening of the fortress with stone walls and the building of a royal palace. The palace was built by Italian craftsmen and was organised around a rectangular court having a main body provided with a dungeon or a tower.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-hategan-46">[46]</a> He even moved the royal seat from <a href="/wiki/Buda" title="Buda">Buda</a> to Timișoara between 1316 and 1323.<a href="#cite_note-istorie-39">[39]</a> Timișoara's importance also grew due to its strategic location, which facilitated control over the Banat plain.<a href="#cite_note-hategan-46">[46]</a> By the middle of the 14th century, Timișoara was at the forefront of Western <a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christendom</a>'s battle against the <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turks" title="Ottoman Turks">Ottoman Turks</a>. In 1394, the Turks led by <a href="/wiki/Bayezid_I" title="Bayezid I">Bayezid I</a> passed Nagybecskerek (present-day <a href="/wiki/Zrenjanin" title="Zrenjanin">Zrenjanin</a>) and Timișoara on their way to <a href="/wiki/Wallachia" title="Wallachia">Wallachia</a> where they were defeated by Voivode <a href="/wiki/Mircea_I_of_Wallachia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mircea I of Wallachia">Mircea the Elder</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rovine" title="Battle of Rovine">battle of Rovine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-istorie-39">[39]</a> Timișoara once again served as a concentration point for the Christian armed forces, this time for the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nicopolis" title="Battle of Nicopolis">battle of Nicopolis</a>. After the Christians' defeat, the Ottomans devastated Banat to Timișoara, from where they were expelled by Count István Losonczy.<a href="#cite_note-istorie-39">[39]</a> Appointed Count of Timiș in 1440, <a href="/wiki/John_Hunyadi" title="John Hunyadi">John Hunyadi</a> moved with his family to Timișoara, which he would turn into a permanent military camp.<a href="#cite_note-munteanu-47">[47]</a> John Hunyadi would come to be known throughout the region for his <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Belgrade_(1456)" title="Siege of Belgrade (1456)">victory in Belgrade</a> over the Ottomans, considered at that time a defender of Christianity. An important event in the city's history was the peasant uprising led by <a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_D%C3%B3zsa" title="György Dózsa">György Dózsa</a>. On 10 August 1514 he tried to change the course of <a href="/wiki/Bega_(Tisza)" title="Bega (Tisza)">Bega River</a> to be able to enter more easily into the city, but he was defeated by attacks from both inside and outside the city.<a href="#cite_note-istorie-39">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1552–1716:_Ottoman_rule">1552–1716: Ottoman rule</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1552–1716: Ottoman rule">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Timisoara1656.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Timisoara1656.jpg/220px-Timisoara1656.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Timisoara1656.jpg/330px-Timisoara1656.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Timisoara1656.jpg/440px-Timisoara1656.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1133" data-file-height="791" /></a><figcaption>Timișoara in 1656, a map by <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sanson" title="Nicolas Sanson">Nicolas Sanson</a>. Note the crescent moons on towers characteristic of cities during the Ottoman era.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Belgrade_(1521)" title="Siege of Belgrade (1521)">fall of Belgrade</a> in 1521 and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moh%C3%A1cs" title="Battle of Mohács">defeat at Mohács</a> in 1526 caused the division of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Hungarian Kingdom</a> in three parts, and <a href="/wiki/Banat" title="Banat">Banat</a> became the object of contention between the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1526%E2%80%931867)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1526–1867)">Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Hungary" title="Ottoman Hungary">Ottomans</a>. After a failed siege in 1551, the Turks regrouped and returned with a new strategy. On 22 April 1552, a 160,000-strong army led by <a href="/wiki/Kara_Ahmed_Pasha" title="Kara Ahmed Pasha">Kara Ahmed Pasha</a> <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Temesv%C3%A1r_(1552)" title="Siege of Temesvár (1552)">conquered the city</a> and transformed it into a capital city in the region (<a href="/wiki/Eyalet_of_Teme%C5%9Fvar" class="mw-redirect" title="Eyalet of Temeşvar">Eyalet of Temeşvar</a>). The local military commander, István Losonczy, and other Christians were massacred on 27 July 1552 while escaping the city through the Azapilor Gate.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> After the death of <a href="/wiki/John_Z%C3%A1polya" title="John Zápolya">John Zápolya</a>, Habsburgs tried to obtain <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Transylvania_(1570%E2%80%931711)" title="Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)">Transylvania</a> and Banat, including Timișoara, with mixed results; Transylvania even entered into dual vassalage for a time.<a href="#cite_note-istorie-39">[39]</a> Timișoara remained under the Ottoman rule for 164 years, controlled directly by the Sultan and enjoying a special status, similar to other cities in the region, such as <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> During this period, Timișoara was home to a large <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> community and produced famous historical figures, such as <a href="/wiki/Osman_Aga_of_Temesvar" title="Osman Aga of Temesvar">Osman Ağa of Temeşvar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Except for a period in the late 16th century, the city did not suffer sieges until the end of the 17th century. In 1594, Gregory Palotić, <a href="/wiki/Banate_of_Lugos_and_Kar%C3%A1nsebes" title="Banate of Lugos and Karánsebes">Ban of Lugos and Karánsebes</a>, started an anti-Ottoman uprising in Banat, with its starting point in Nagybecskerek. Following a strong Transylvanian offensive led by György Borbély, the Christian army conquered several towns, but Timișoara remained untouched.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Another attempt to retake the city took place in 1596, when an army of <a href="/wiki/Sigismund_B%C3%A1thory" title="Sigismund Báthory">Sigismund Báthory</a> began the siege of the city. After 40 days of futile efforts, the besiegers drew back.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1716–1860:_Habsburg_rule">1716–1860: Habsburg rule</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1716–1860: Habsburg rule">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Die_Eroberung_Themeswar_1716.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Die_Eroberung_Themeswar_1716.jpg/220px-Die_Eroberung_Themeswar_1716.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Die_Eroberung_Themeswar_1716.jpg/330px-Die_Eroberung_Themeswar_1716.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Die_Eroberung_Themeswar_1716.jpg/440px-Die_Eroberung_Themeswar_1716.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Teme%C5%9Fvar_(1716)" title="Siege of Temeşvar (1716)">Siege of 1716</a></figcaption></figure> After the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Petrovaradin" title="Battle of Petrovaradin">victory at Petrovaradin</a> on 5 August 1716, the Austrian army led by <a href="/wiki/Prince_Eugene_of_Savoy" title="Prince Eugene of Savoy">Prince Eugene of Savoy</a> decided to conquer Timișoara. The Ottoman military, the <a href="/wiki/Kuruc" title="Kuruc">kuruc</a> and the Turkish civilian population were forced to leave the city after a <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Teme%C5%9Fvar_(1716)" title="Siege of Temeşvar (1716)">48-day siege</a> marked by repeated bombings that destroyed much of the city's buildings.<a href="#cite_note-iliesiu-53">[53]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Passarowitz" title="Treaty of Passarowitz">Treaty of Passarowitz</a> (1718), the <a href="/wiki/Banat_of_Temeswar" title="Banat of Temeswar">Banat of Temeswar</a> became the province of the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburg monarchy</a> and was proclaimed "possession of the Crown" with a military administration which ruled Timișoara until 1751 when it was replaced by a civil one. After the conquest of Banat, the imperial authorities in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> began an extensive process of <a href="/wiki/Colonization" title="Colonization">colonization</a>, inviting especially German Catholics from <a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Württemberg">Württemberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swabia" title="Swabia">Swabia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nassau_(region)" title="Nassau (region)">Nassau</a>, etc. who would become known as <a href="/wiki/Banat_Swabians" title="Banat Swabians">Banat Swabians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-istorie-39">[39]</a> In Timișoara, the Swabians settled mainly in Fabric, where they strongly developed craftsmanship. The main function of Timișoara during this period was that of a military fortress. The existing fortifications could not cope with the new military techniques, so the entire fortress was rebuilt in a late, flat and inconsistent adaptation of the <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Le_Prestre_de_Vauban" class="mw-redirect" title="Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban">Vauban style</a>. It had an area 10 times larger than the medieval Turkish fortress. Between 1728 and 1732, Bega River was regulated, creating a navigable canal.<a href="#cite_note-istorie-39">[39]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schlacht_von_Temesvar_am_9_August_1849.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Schlacht_von_Temesvar_am_9_August_1849.jpg/220px-Schlacht_von_Temesvar_am_9_August_1849.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Schlacht_von_Temesvar_am_9_August_1849.jpg/330px-Schlacht_von_Temesvar_am_9_August_1849.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Schlacht_von_Temesvar_am_9_August_1849.jpg/440px-Schlacht_von_Temesvar_am_9_August_1849.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4792" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Temesv%C3%A1r" title="Battle of Temesvár">Battle of Temesvár</a> (1849) at the end of a <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Temesv%C3%A1r_(1849)" title="Siege of Temesvár (1849)">107-day siege</a></figcaption></figure> Under the political pressure of the <a href="/wiki/Diet_of_Hungary" title="Diet of Hungary">Hungarian Diet</a>, the Viennese Imperial Court accepted that the three counties of Banat to be reincorporated into the Hungarian Kingdom, in 1779.<a href="#cite_note-i&u-54">[54]</a> In 1781 <a href="/wiki/Joseph_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph II">Joseph II</a> declared Timișoara free from the county authority and, to prevent the nobles from interfering with the administration of the city, he raised it to the rank of a "free royal city".<a href="#cite_note-istorie-39">[39]</a> This status would secure Timișoara's internal self-government, the right to have representatives in the Diet and that of disposing its own revenues. The city was <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Temesv%C3%A1r_(1849)" title="Siege of Temesvár (1849)">under siege in 1848</a> for 107 days. The Hungarians unsuccessfully tried to capture the <a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara_Fortress" title="Timișoara Fortress">fortress</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Temesv%C3%A1r" title="Battle of Temesvár">battle of Temesvár</a>. It was the last major battle in the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a>.<a href="#cite_note-britannica-42">[42]</a> By the <a href="/wiki/March_Constitution_(Austria)" title="March Constitution (Austria)">March Constitution</a>, the region was incorporated to the <a href="/wiki/Voivodeship_of_Serbia_and_Banat_of_Temeschwar" title="Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar">Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar</a>, which became a crownland of the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a>. The new imperial province, the existence of which had also been consecrated by the imperial decree of 18 November 1849, was ruled both militarily and civilly, and the official languages were German and "Illyrian" (what would come to be known as <a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbo-Croatian language">Serbo-Croatian</a>). Timișoara was designated as the residence of the governor, and the city maintained its privileges as a free royal city.<a href="#cite_note-istorie-39">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th–20th_centuries">19th–20th centuries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 19th–20th centuries">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Temesv%C3%A1r_v%C3%A1ros_t%C3%A9rk%C3%A9pe,_Trianon_el%C5%91tt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Temesv%C3%A1r_v%C3%A1ros_t%C3%A9rk%C3%A9pe%2C_Trianon_el%C5%91tt.jpg/220px-Temesv%C3%A1r_v%C3%A1ros_t%C3%A9rk%C3%A9pe%2C_Trianon_el%C5%91tt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Temesv%C3%A1r_v%C3%A1ros_t%C3%A9rk%C3%A9pe%2C_Trianon_el%C5%91tt.jpg/330px-Temesv%C3%A1r_v%C3%A1ros_t%C3%A9rk%C3%A9pe%2C_Trianon_el%C5%91tt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Temesv%C3%A1r_v%C3%A1ros_t%C3%A9rk%C3%A9pe%2C_Trianon_el%C5%91tt.jpg/440px-Temesv%C3%A1r_v%C3%A1ros_t%C3%A9rk%C3%A9pe%2C_Trianon_el%C5%91tt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2771" data-file-height="1773" /></a><figcaption>A Hungarian-language map of late-19th century Timișoara with the four historical districts: <a href="/wiki/Cetate,_Timi%C8%99oara" class="mw-redirect" title="Cetate, Timișoara">Cetate</a> (Belváros), <a href="/wiki/Fabric,_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Fabric, Timișoara">Fabric</a> (Gyárkülváros), <a href="/wiki/Elisabetin" title="Elisabetin">Elisabetin</a> (Majorkülváros) and <a href="/wiki/Iosefin" title="Iosefin">Iosefin</a> (Józsefkülváros)</figcaption></figure> In 1860, the Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar was abolished and most of its territory was incorporated into the Habsburg <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Kingdom of Hungary</a>, although direct Hungarian rule began only following the <a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_Compromise_of_1867" title="Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867">Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867</a>, after the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Dual_monarchy" title="Dual monarchy">dual monarchy</a>. As part of <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a>, the city experienced a fast economic and demographic growth. Credit institutions invested large sums in the development of local industry; at the turn of the 20th century there were many enterprises here: two breweries, an iron foundry, a match factory, a brick factory, a gas factory, a chain factory, a hat factory, a chocolate factory, etc.<a href="#cite_note-istorie-39">[39]</a> In this period horse-drawn tram, telephone and street lighting were introduced and roads were paved. In 1892, Emperor <a href="/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Franz Joseph I">Franz Joseph I</a> decided to abolish the fortress status of Timișoara.<a href="#cite_note-defortificare-15">[15]</a> The demolition of the fortifications began in 1899. The main functions of the city thus became the economic ones, especially the commercial and banking ones.<a href="#cite_note-i&u-54">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_World_War_I">After World War I</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: After World War I">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:3_august_1919_Timisoara.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/3_august_1919_Timisoara.jpg/220px-3_august_1919_Timisoara.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/3_august_1919_Timisoara.jpg/330px-3_august_1919_Timisoara.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/3_august_1919_Timisoara.jpg 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="297" /></a><figcaption>Romanian troops entering Timișoara on 3 August 1919</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CP_-_Timisoara,_Ansamblul_urban_Corso.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/CP_-_Timisoara%2C_Ansamblul_urban_Corso.jpg/220px-CP_-_Timisoara%2C_Ansamblul_urban_Corso.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/CP_-_Timisoara%2C_Ansamblul_urban_Corso.jpg/330px-CP_-_Timisoara%2C_Ansamblul_urban_Corso.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/CP_-_Timisoara%2C_Ansamblul_urban_Corso.jpg/440px-CP_-_Timisoara%2C_Ansamblul_urban_Corso.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Romania" title="Ferdinand I of Romania">King Ferdinand</a> Boulevard (now <a href="/wiki/Victory_Square,_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Victory Square, Timișoara">Victory Square</a>) in 1926</figcaption></figure> On 31 October 1918, local military and political elites established the Banat National Council, together with representatives of the region's main ethnic groups: <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">Germans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungarians" title="Hungarians">Hungarians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbs" title="Serbs">Serbs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romanians" title="Romanians">Romanians</a>. On 1 November they proclaimed the short-lived <a href="/wiki/Banat_Republic" title="Banat Republic">Banat Republic</a>. In the aftermath of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, the Banat region was divided between the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Kingdom of Romania</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbs,_Croats_and_Slovenes" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes">Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes</a>, and Timișoara came under Romanian administration after Serbian occupation between 1918 and 1919. The city was ceded from Hungary to Romania by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Trianon" title="Treaty of Trianon">Treaty of Trianon</a> on 4 June 1920. In 1920, King <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Romania" title="Ferdinand I of Romania">Ferdinand I</a> awarded Timișoara the status of a University Centre, and the <a href="/wiki/Interwar" class="mw-redirect" title="Interwar">interwar</a> years saw continuous economic and cultural development. A number of <a href="/wiki/Anti-fascist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-fascist">anti-fascist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-revisionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-revisionist">anti-revisionist</a> demonstrations also took place during this time. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Timi%C8%99oara_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Timișoara in World War II">Bombing of Timișoara in World War II</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:485th_Bombardment_Group,_B-24_Gol%27Walloper_bombing_Timisoara.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/485th_Bombardment_Group%2C_B-24_Gol%27Walloper_bombing_Timisoara.jpg/220px-485th_Bombardment_Group%2C_B-24_Gol%27Walloper_bombing_Timisoara.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/485th_Bombardment_Group%2C_B-24_Gol%27Walloper_bombing_Timisoara.jpg/330px-485th_Bombardment_Group%2C_B-24_Gol%27Walloper_bombing_Timisoara.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/485th_Bombardment_Group%2C_B-24_Gol%27Walloper_bombing_Timisoara.jpg/440px-485th_Bombardment_Group%2C_B-24_Gol%27Walloper_bombing_Timisoara.jpg 2x" data-file-width="771" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>A B-24 Gol'Walloper <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Timi%C8%99oara_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Timișoara in World War II">dropping bombs over Timișoara</a> on 3 July 1944</figcaption></figure> During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Timișoara suffered damage from both <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> and <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis</a> <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Timisoara_in_WW2" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombing of Timisoara in WW2">bombing raids</a>, especially during the second half of 1944. On 23 August 1944, Romania, which until then was a member of the Axis, declared war on <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> and joined the Allies. The German and Hungarian troops attempted to take the city by force throughout September, but without success. After the war, the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of Romania">People's Republic of Romania</a> was proclaimed, and Timișoara underwent <a href="/wiki/Sovietisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovietisation">Sovietisation</a> and, later, <a href="/wiki/Systematisation_(Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Systematisation (Romania)">Systematisation</a>. The city's population tripled between 1948 and 1992. Timișoara became highly industrialised both through new investments and by increasing the capacities of the old enterprises in various industries: machine building, textile and footwear, electrical, food, plastics, optical, building materials, furniture, etc.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Strada_Emanoil_Ungureanu._Rom%C3%A1niai_forradalom._Fortepan_31924.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Strada_Emanoil_Ungureanu._Rom%C3%A1niai_forradalom._Fortepan_31924.jpg/220px-Strada_Emanoil_Ungureanu._Rom%C3%A1niai_forradalom._Fortepan_31924.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Strada_Emanoil_Ungureanu._Rom%C3%A1niai_forradalom._Fortepan_31924.jpg/330px-Strada_Emanoil_Ungureanu._Rom%C3%A1niai_forradalom._Fortepan_31924.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Strada_Emanoil_Ungureanu._Rom%C3%A1niai_forradalom._Fortepan_31924.jpg/440px-Strada_Emanoil_Ungureanu._Rom%C3%A1niai_forradalom._Fortepan_31924.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5176" data-file-height="3149" /></a><figcaption>Protesters on Emanoil Ungureanu Street during the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Revolution">1989 Revolution</a></figcaption></figure> In December 1989, Timișoara witnessed a series of mass street protests in what was to become the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Revolution">Romanian Revolution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> On 20 December, three days after bloodshed began there, Timișoara was declared the first city free of <a href="/wiki/Communism_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Communism in Romania">Communism in Romania</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> Timișoara is located at the intersection of the <a href="/wiki/45th_parallel_north" title="45th parallel north">45th parallel north</a> with the <a href="/wiki/21st_meridian_east" title="21st meridian east">21st meridian east</a>. As a mathematical position, it is in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_hemisphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern hemisphere">northern hemisphere</a>, almost equally distant from the <a href="/wiki/North_pole" class="mw-redirect" title="North pole">north pole</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Equator" title="Equator">equator</a>, and in the eastern hemisphere, using <a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">Central European Time</a>. The local time of the city (considered after the meridian) is 1 h 25' 8" ahead of the <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time" title="Greenwich Mean Time">Greenwich Mean Time</a>, but it is 34' 52" behind the official time of Romania (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Time" title="Eastern European Time">Eastern European Time</a>).<a href="#cite_note-statut-59">[59]</a> Timișoara lies at an altitude of 90 metres on the southeast edge of the Banat Plain, part of the <a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Plain" class="mw-redirect" title="Pannonian Plain">Pannonian Plain</a>, near the divergence of the <a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99_(river)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timiș (river)">Timiș</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bega_River_(Banat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bega River (Banat)">Bega</a> rivers.<a href="#cite_note-statut-59">[59]</a> The waters of the two rivers form a swampy and frequently flooded land. Timișoara developed on one of few places where the swamps could be crossed. These constituted a natural protection around the fortress for a very long time and favored a wet and insalubrious climate, which spread plague and cholera and kept the number of inhabitants relatively low, preventing civic development. With time, these rivers were drained, dammed and diverted. Due to the hydrographical projects undertaken in the 18th century, the city no longer lies on the Timiș River, but on the <a href="/wiki/Bega_Canal" title="Bega Canal">Bega Canal</a>. This improvement of the land was made irreversible by building the Bega Canal (started in 1728) and by the complete draining of the surrounding marshes. The city lies only 0.5 to 5 metres above the water table, which disallows the construction of tall buildings.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> The rich black soil and relatively high water table make this a fertile agricultural region. Taken as a whole, the relief of Timișoara appears as a relatively flat, monotonous surface, the smoothness of the surface interrupted only by the Bega riverbed. Researched in detail, the relief of the city and its surroundings presents a series of local peculiarities, represented mainly by deserted meanders, micro-depressions and ridges (generally made of coarse materials). These are the result of the deposits in the area of the Timiș and Bega rivers, before their drainage, regularization and damming (concretized altimetrically by modest bumps, which do not exceed anywhere, the interval of 2–3 m).<a href="#cite_note-statut-59">[59]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seismicity">Seismicity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Seismicity">edit</a>]</div> Timișoara is a fairly active seismic center, but of the many <a href="/wiki/Earthquake" title="Earthquake">earthquakes</a> observed, few have exceeded magnitude 6 on the <a href="/wiki/Richter_scale" title="Richter scale">Richter scale</a>. There are two active <a href="/wiki/Seismic_fault" class="mw-redirect" title="Seismic fault">seismic faults</a> that cross the western part of the city.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> The earthquakes recorded in the region are normal earthquakes, of crustal type, with depths of foci between 5 and 30 km (3.1 and 18.6 mi).<a href="#cite_note-roeduseis-62">[62]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flora_and_fauna">Flora and fauna</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Flora and fauna">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lacul_Dumbr%C4%83vi%C8%9Ba.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Lacul_Dumbr%C4%83vi%C8%9Ba.jpg/220px-Lacul_Dumbr%C4%83vi%C8%9Ba.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Lacul_Dumbr%C4%83vi%C8%9Ba.jpg/330px-Lacul_Dumbr%C4%83vi%C8%9Ba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Lacul_Dumbr%C4%83vi%C8%9Ba.jpg/440px-Lacul_Dumbr%C4%83vi%C8%9Ba.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1094" data-file-height="585" /></a><figcaption>Green Forest and <a href="/wiki/Dumbr%C4%83vi%C8%9Ba,_Timi%C8%99" title="Dumbrăvița, Timiș">Dumbrăvița</a> Lake</figcaption></figure> In the past, there were extensive <a href="/wiki/Oak_forest" title="Oak forest">oak forests</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Tisza" title="Tisza">Tisza</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99_(river)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timiș (river)">Timiș</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cadru-63">[63]</a> Over time, they were cleared to obtain the wood needed to build the fortress and houses, as well as to gain arable land.<a href="#cite_note-agir-64">[64]</a> Today, except for the areas forested with <a href="/wiki/Turkey_oak" title="Turkey oak">Turkey oak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_oak" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian oak">Hungarian oak</a> (Green Forest, Bistra Forest, Timișeni–Șag Forest), the territory falls within the anthropogenic <a href="/wiki/Forest_steppe" title="Forest steppe">forest steppe</a> that characterizes the entire <a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Basin" title="Pannonian Basin">Pannonian Basin</a>. The landscape is diversified by meadow vegetation, along the main rivers, in which softwood trees predominate: <a href="/wiki/Willow" title="Willow">willows</a>, <a href="/wiki/Populus" title="Populus">poplars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alder" title="Alder">alders</a>. Within the city limits is the Green Forest (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: Pădurea Verde), a forest massif with an area of about 724 ha (1,790 acres), systematically arranged in squares of 15 ha (37 acres).<a href="#cite_note-cadru-63">[63]</a> The forest is man-made; first organization plans were carried out in 1860 by the Hungarian Forest Service.<a href="#cite_note-cadru-63">[63]</a> About 20 km (12 mi) southeast of Timișoara is the Bazoș Dendrological Park, a forest reserve which since 1994 has the status of protected area. The first trees of the reserve were brought in 1909 from the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> nursery. Today, the reserve includes 800 different species of trees and shrubs and is part of the International Association of Botanical Gardens.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> The fauna of Timișoara includes few mammals, represented only by a few insectivores and rodents. The birds, on the other hand, are numerous, some of which are of hunting importance (the <a href="/wiki/Common_pheasant" title="Common pheasant">pheasant</a>).<a href="#cite_note-agir-64">[64]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Urban_wildlife" title="Urban wildlife">urban wildlife</a>, although less varied than the forest wildlife, has a higher number of species of hunting interest (<a href="/wiki/Rabbit" title="Rabbit">rabbit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deer" title="Deer">deer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quail" title="Quail">quail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Partridge" title="Partridge">partridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pheasant" title="Pheasant">pheasant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hedgehog" title="Hedgehog">hedgehog</a>, etc.) and reptiles.<a href="#cite_note-agir-64">[64]</a> In the parks of Timișoara there are <a href="/wiki/Hedgehog" title="Hedgehog">hedgehogs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mole_(animal)" title="Mole (animal)">moles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tree_frog" title="Tree frog">tree frogs</a> and a lot of birds.<a href="#cite_note-agir-64">[64]</a> Regarding the piscifauna, the dominant species is the <a href="/wiki/Carp" title="Carp">carp</a>, along with which live <a href="/wiki/Common_bream" title="Common bream">breams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Common_bleak" title="Common bleak">bleaks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Common_roach" title="Common roach">roaches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pelecus_cultratus" title="Pelecus cultratus">zieges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_pike" title="Northern pike">pikes</a>, natural support for <a href="/wiki/Sport_fishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport fishing">sport fishing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-agir-64">[64]</a> Timișoara used to have the only zoo in western Romania, <a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara_Zoological_Garden" title="Timișoara Zoological Garden">Timișoara Zoological Garden</a>, but it was closed. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hydrography">Hydrography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Hydrography">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bega_river_in_the_summertime.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Bega_river_in_the_summertime.jpg/220px-Bega_river_in_the_summertime.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Bega_river_in_the_summertime.jpg/330px-Bega_river_in_the_summertime.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Bega_river_in_the_summertime.jpg/440px-Bega_river_in_the_summertime.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5312" data-file-height="2988" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bega_Canal" title="Bega Canal">Bega Canal</a> seen from the <a href="/wiki/Trajan" title="Trajan">Trajan</a> Bridge</figcaption></figure> The main watercourse is the <a href="/wiki/Bega_River_(Banat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bega River (Banat)">Bega River</a>, the southernmost tributary of the <a href="/wiki/Tisza" title="Tisza">Tisza</a>. Springing from the <a href="/wiki/Poiana_Rusc%C4%83_Mountains" title="Poiana Ruscă Mountains">Poiana Ruscă Mountains</a>, Bega is canalized, and from Timișoara to its outflow it was arranged for navigation (115 km [71 mi]).<a href="#cite_note-statut-59">[59]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Bega_Canal" title="Bega Canal">Bega Canal</a> was built between 1728 and 1760, but its final arrangement was made later.<a href="#cite_note-statut-59">[59]</a> The Bega Canal was designed for the access of barges of 600–700 tons and an annual transport capacity of three million wagons.<a href="#cite_note-statut-59">[59]</a> From the multitude of arms that existed before the canalization of Bega, only Bega Moartă (Dead Bega; in the Fabric neighborhood) and Bega Veche (Old Bega; to the west, flowing through Săcălaz) are preserved inside the city.<a href="#cite_note-statut-59">[59]</a> In addition to permanent courses and those that dry out, often during the summer, on the territory of Timișoara there are a number of lakes: either natural, formed instead of the old meanders or subsidence areas, such as those near Kuncz, Giroc, Pădurea Verde, etc., or of anthropic origin, such as those from Fratelia, Freidorf, Ciarda Roșie, Ștrandul Tineretului, etc.<a href="#cite_note-cadru-63">[63]</a> Timișoara's drinking water is provided by <a href="/wiki/Lake_Surduc" title="Lake Surduc">Lake Surduc</a>, an anthropic lake (1976), the largest in Timiș County, located 87 km (54 mi) from the city.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> Like parts of <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, Timișoara exhibits a transitional <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>: Dfb) and <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>: Cfa), characteristic of the southeastern part of the <a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Basin" title="Pannonian Basin">Pannonian Basin</a>, with some sub-Mediterranean influences.<a href="#cite_note-dmmt-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-weatherbase-68">[68]</a> The dominant air masses, during spring and summer, are the temperate ones, of oceanic origin, which bring significant precipitations. Frequently, even in winter, humid air masses arrive from the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic</a>, bringing significant rains and snows, less often <a href="/wiki/Cold_wave" title="Cold wave">cold waves</a>. From September to February there are frequent penetrations of continental polar air masses, coming from the east. In Banat, the influence of cyclones and hot air masses from the <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a> is also strongly felt, which in winter generate complete thawing and in summer impose periods of stifling heat.<a href="#cite_note-dmmt-67">[67]</a> The average annual temperature was 11.8 °C (53.2 °F) between 1991 and 2020.<a href="#cite_note-NOAA9120-69">[69]</a> The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of 22.7 °C (72.9 °F).<a href="#cite_note-NOAA9120-69">[69]</a> The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of 1.0 °C (33.8 °F).<a href="#cite_note-NOAA9120-69">[69]</a> The lowest temperature recorded in Timișoara was −35.3 °C (−31.5 °F), on 24 January 1963,<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> while the highest temperature was 42 °C (108 °F), recorded in August 2017.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> The average number of frost days (with minimum temperatures below 0 °C [32 °F]) is 80,<a href="#cite_note-NOAA9120-69">[69]</a> and the average number of winter days (with maximum temperatures below 0 °C) is 17.<a href="#cite_note-NOAA9120-69">[69]</a> The average number of tropical days (with maximum temperatures above 30 °C [86 °F]) is 45.<a href="#cite_note-NOAA9120-69">[69]</a> Predominantly under the influence of the maritime air masses from the northwest, Timișoara receives a higher amount of precipitation than the cities in the <a href="/wiki/Wallachian_Plain" title="Wallachian Plain">Wallachian Plain</a>.<a href="#cite_note-dmmt-67">[67]</a> The average amount of precipitation for the year in Timișoara is 604.4 mm (23.80 in), falling on 87 days.<a href="#cite_note-NOAA9120-69">[69]</a> The month with the most precipitation on average is June with 80.8 mm of precipitation.<a href="#cite_note-NOAA9120-69">[69]</a> The month with the least precipitation on average is February with an average of 34.2 mm (1.35 in).<a href="#cite_note-NOAA9120-69">[69]</a> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Timișoara (1991–2020, extremes 1901-2020) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.4 (63.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.5 (68.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.2 (82.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0 (89.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.5 (94.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.0 (102.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF0C00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.7 (103.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF0300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.0 (105.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF0C00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.7 (103.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.8 (92.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.1 (80.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2 (68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF0300; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">41.0 (105.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9 (39.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8 (44.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6 (54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8 (65.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.7 (74.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.4 (81.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.7 (85.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.9 (85.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.1 (75.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3 (64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5 (52.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9 (40.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">17.6 (63.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 (33.8) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.9 (35.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5 (43.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2 (54.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2 (63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.9 (69.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7 (72.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.5 (72.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0 (62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5 (52.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.4 (43.5) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5 (34.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.8 (53.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.0 (26.6) </td> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.9 (28.6) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6 (34.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.4 (43.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1 (52.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8 (58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3 (61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3 (61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.7 (54.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1 (44.8) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8 (37.0) </td> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.3 (29.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFEEDD; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.9 (44.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #2828FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−35.3 (−31.5) </td> <td style="background: #4949FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−29.2 (−20.6) </td> <td style="background: #7A7AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−20.0 (−4.0) </td> <td style="background: #CACAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.2 (22.6) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.0 (23.0) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2 (36.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF5EB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9 (42.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0 (41.0) </td> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.9 (28.6) </td> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.8 (19.8) </td> <td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−15.4 (4.3) </td> <td style="background: #6060FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−24.8 (−12.6) </td> <td style="background: #2828FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−35.3 (−31.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #C9FFC9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.7 (1.41) </td> <td style="background: #C7FFC7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.2 (1.35) </td> <td style="background: #CBFFCB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.6 (1.36) </td> <td style="background: #B4FFB4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.3 (1.90) </td> <td style="background: #A4FFA4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.5 (2.38) </td> <td style="background: #82FF82; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.8 (3.18) </td> <td style="background: #A6FFA6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.5 (2.34) </td> <td style="background: #A9FFA9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.7 (2.27) </td> <td style="background: #B0FFB0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.2 (2.02) </td> <td style="background: #B3FFB3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.4 (1.98) </td> <td style="background: #B9FFB9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.2 (1.78) </td> <td style="background: #BAFFBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.3 (1.82) </td> <td style="background: #B2FFB2; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">604.4 (23.79) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) </th> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8 </td> <td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0 </td> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8 </td> <td style="background: #9F9FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5 </td> <td style="background: #9494FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6 </td> <td style="background: #9191FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6 </td> <td style="background: #A3A3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4 </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.7 </td> <td style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1 </td> <td style="background: #B0B0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.4 </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0 </td> <td style="background: #9696FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5 </td> <td style="background: #A3A3FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">87.4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000A5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">90 </td> <td style="background: #0000B5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85 </td> <td style="background: #0000A9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">89 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">80 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #878787; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #B5B567; color:#000000;" class="notheme">107 </td> <td style="background: #CACA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">165 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">208 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">243 </td> <td style="background: #E8E800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">263 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA01; color:#000000;" class="notheme">282 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">279 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">194 </td> <td style="background: #C9C900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">162 </td> <td style="background: #ACAC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">96 </td> <td style="background: #6F6F6F; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">61 </td> <td style="background: #D2D200; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,134 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">NOAA</a><a href="#cite_note-NOAA9120-69">[69]</a> <a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Wetterdienst" title="Deutscher Wetterdienst">Deutscher Wetterdienst</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: National Institute of Statistics (extremes, 1901–2000)<a href="#cite_note-metodologie-73">[73]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Timișoara (1961-1990) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.3 (36.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6 (42.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9 (53.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.6 (63.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8 (73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7 (78.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.8 (82.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6 (81.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0 (75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA143; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.1 (64.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3 (50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2 (39.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">16.5 (61.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.6 (29.1) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2 (34.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6ED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8 (42.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 (52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3 (61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4 (66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1 (70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4 (68.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.5 (61.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0 (51.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6 (42.1) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8 (33.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.6 (51.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.8 (23.4) </td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.3 (27.9) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2 (34.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6ED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8 (42.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1 (50.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.4 (56.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6 (58.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFBB77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.3 (57.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 (52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2 (43.2) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.1 (35.8) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.7 (28.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6ED; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">5.8 (42.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #C3FFC3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40 (1.6) </td> <td style="background: #C4FFC4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36 (1.4) </td> <td style="background: #C7FFC7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37 (1.5) </td> <td style="background: #B5FFB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48 (1.9) </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65 (2.6) </td> <td style="background: #89FF89; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76 (3.0) </td> <td style="background: #9FFF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64 (2.5) </td> <td style="background: #B4FFB4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50 (2.0) </td> <td style="background: #C1FFC1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40 (1.6) </td> <td style="background: #C4FFC4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39 (1.5) </td> <td style="background: #B5FFB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48 (1.9) </td> <td style="background: #B4FFB4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50 (2.0) </td> <td style="background: #B3FFB3; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">593 (23.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall cm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #6C6CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">9.8 (3.9) </td> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">9.3 (3.7) </td> <td style="background: #BDBDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4 (1.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7 (1.5) </td> <td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2 (2.8) </td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">34.4 (13.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) </th> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8 </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #7F7FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8 </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #A1A1FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">89 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Dew_point" title="Dew point">dew point</a> °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.3 (26.1) </td> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.5 (29.3) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5 (34.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2 (41.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3 (50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.4 (56.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBB77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.3 (57.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.2 (57.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5 (52.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1 (44.8) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8 (37.0) </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.6 (30.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.2 (43.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #838383; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72.1 </td> <td style="background: #ADAD93; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92.2 </td> <td style="background: #C6C600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">155.4 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">186.4 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">242.4 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">262.3 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">300.6 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">280.2 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">217.5 </td> <td style="background: #D0D000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">177.3 </td> <td style="background: #A3A3A3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.4 </td> <td style="background: #686868; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">56.9 </td> <td style="background: #D2D200; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,129.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/NCEI" class="mw-redirect" title="NCEI">NOAA NCEI</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demography">Demography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Demography">edit</a>]</div> <div style="float:left"> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:#9f9f9f; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 911.03642634584px; border-left-color:#ff80ff"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#ff80ff"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#ff80ff"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 548.52285475894px; border-left-color:#c03f3f"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#c03f3f"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#c03f3f"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 360.19772355115px; border-left-color:#80ff80"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#80ff80"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#80ff80"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 166.45426964508px; border-left-color:#8080ff"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#8080ff"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#8080ff"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Ethnic composition of Timișoara (2021) <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Romanians" title="Romanians">Romanians</a> (91.39%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Hungarians_in_Romania" title="Hungarians in Romania">Hungarians</a> (4.3%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Serbs_of_Romania" title="Serbs of Romania">Serbs</a> (1.44%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Germans_of_Romania" title="Germans of Romania">Germans</a> (1.13%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Others (1.74%)</div> </div> </div></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:#555555; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 482.88173521928px; border-left-color:#9f9f9f"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#9f9f9f"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#9f9f9f"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 263.63989766845px; border-left-color:#c03f3f"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#c03f3f"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#c03f3f"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 217.09612769088px; border-left-color:#80ff80"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#80ff80"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#80ff80"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 176.86462328357px; border-left-color:#80ffff"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#80ffff"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#80ffff"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 140.21553428364px; border-left-color:#3fc03f"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#3fc03f"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#3fc03f"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 101.39194335334px; border-left-color:#ffff80"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#ffff80"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#ffff80"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 29.393674167604px; border-left-color:#8080ff"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#8080ff"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#8080ff"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Religious composition of Timișoara (2021) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Orthodox_Church" title="Romanian Orthodox Church">Romanian Orthodox</a> (79.55%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Romania" title="Catholic Church in Romania">Catholics</a> (8.06%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Pentecostal_Union_of_Romania" title="Pentecostal Union of Romania">Pentecostals</a> (2.53%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Christian_Baptist_Churches_in_Romania" title="Union of Christian Baptist Churches in Romania">Baptists</a> (1.67%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Church_in_Romania" title="Reformed Church in Romania">Reformed</a> (1.32%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbian Orthodox</a> (1.1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Others (2.52%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">Irreligious</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">atheists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Agnosticism" title="Agnosticism">agnostics</a> (3.25%)</div> </div> </div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1787 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">9,479</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1847 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">18,103</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+91.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1869 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">32,725</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+80.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1880 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">33,694</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1890 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">39,884</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+18.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1900 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">53,033</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+33.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1910 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">72,555</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+36.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1920 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">82,689</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+14.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1930 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">91,580</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+10.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1941 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">110,840</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+21.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1948 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">111,987</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1956 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">142,257</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+27.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1966 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">174,243</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+22.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1977 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">269,353</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+54.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1992 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">334,115</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+24.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2002 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">317,660</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−4.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">319,279</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2021 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">250,849</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−21.4%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: Census data, <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Population_Density_Timisoara_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Population_Density_Timisoara_2009.jpg/190px-Population_Density_Timisoara_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Population_Density_Timisoara_2009.jpg/285px-Population_Density_Timisoara_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Population_Density_Timisoara_2009.jpg/380px-Population_Density_Timisoara_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2075" data-file-height="2075" /></a><figcaption>Population density of micro-neighborhoods in 2009</figcaption></figure> From a demographic point of view, Timișoara is defined, according to the <a href="/wiki/Zipf%27s_law" title="Zipf's law">Zipf's law</a>, as a second-tier city, along with <a href="/wiki/Ia%C8%99i" title="Iași">Iași</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Constanța">Constanța</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cluj-Napoca" title="Cluj-Napoca">Cluj-Napoca</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bra%C8%99ov" title="Brașov">Brașov</a>, with extensive macro-territorial functions and having the second largest <a href="/wiki/Functional_urban_area" title="Functional urban area">functional urban area</a>, after <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>, of over 5,000 km2 (1,900 sq mi).<a href="#cite_note-social-75">[75]</a> In 2013, Bucharest and Timișoara were also the only metropolitan European growth areas (MEGAs) in Romania.<a href="#cite_note-social-75">[75]</a> Nationally, Timișoara has been recognized as the largest polarizing center in western Romania.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/2021_Romanian_census" title="2021 Romanian census">2021 census</a>, the population of Timișoara amounted to 250,849 inhabitants,<a href="#cite_note-RPL2021-9">[9]</a> a decrease compared to the previous census in 2011, when 319,279 inhabitants were registered.<a href="#cite_note-ins-2011-77">[77]</a> However, these figures are questioned by local authorities and sociologists due to the defective way in which the census was conducted.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> According to the mayor's office and local population records, Timișoara numbers over 309,000 inhabitants as of 2023.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> The population of the city represents roughly 38% of the population of <a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99_County" title="Timiș County">Timiș County</a>, 15% of the population of the <a href="/wiki/Vest_(development_region)" title="Vest (development region)">West development region</a> and 1.3% of the total population of Romania.<a href="#cite_note-social-75">[75]</a> As defined by <a href="/wiki/Eurostat" title="Eurostat">Eurostat</a>, the Timișoara <a href="/wiki/Functional_urban_area" title="Functional urban area">functional urban area</a> has a population of 364,325 inhabitants (as of 2018).<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> According to a study conducted by the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>, Timișoara was between 2001 and 2011 the regional city in Romania that attracted the highest number of in-migrants.<a href="#cite_note-magnetic-82">[82]</a> Timișoara serves as an important polarizer of the labor force for other regions of the country, with a demographic surplus, especially for the counties in northern <a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a>, northwestern <a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oltenia" title="Oltenia">Oltenia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-social-75">[75]</a> Timișoara manages to attract about 8,000 new inhabitants annually, most coming mainly from <a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99_County" title="Timiș County">Timiș County</a>, but also from smaller cities in neighboring counties – <a href="/wiki/Cara%C8%99-Severin_County" title="Caraș-Severin County">Caraș-Severin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hunedoara_County" title="Hunedoara County">Hunedoara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arad_County" title="Arad County">Arad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> In fact, 46.2% of the current population of Timișoara is made up of people who have moved here from elsewhere.<a href="#cite_note-magnetic-82">[82]</a> In 2017, the former mayor <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Robu" title="Nicolae Robu">Nicolae Robu</a> stated that the city of Timișoara has an additional population of over 100,000 people compared to the officially registered residents. This includes students, workers, and other categories of floaters, who are not included in the statistical reports as they no longer acquire a residence visa.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_minorities">Ethnic minorities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Ethnic minorities">edit</a>]</div> Timișoara has stood out since ancient times as an ethnically diverse city.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_and_religious_composition_of_Austria-Hungary" title="Ethnic and religious composition of Austria-Hungary">1910</a>, the largest community was represented by <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">Germans</a>, followed by <a href="/wiki/Hungarians" title="Hungarians">Hungarians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romanians" title="Romanians">Romanians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbs" title="Serbs">Serbs</a> and many other smaller communities, such as <a href="/wiki/Czechs" title="Czechs">Czechs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovaks" title="Slovaks">Slovaks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croats" title="Croats">Croats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgarians" title="Bulgarians">Bulgarians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Poles</a>, etc.<a href="#cite_note-kia-86">[86]</a> The figures and percentage ratios are much changed today, but the multiethnic aspect of the city persists. Nowadays, 85% of the inhabitants are Romanians, while the minorities are much more diverse due to the presence of Asians, Italians, Muslims, and fewer Germans and Hungarians.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> Yet, in Timișoara live most <a href="/wiki/Germans_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Germans in Romania">Germans in Romania</a> as share in the population of a city.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> The decline of German and Hungarian communities is mainly due to <a href="/wiki/Cultural_assimilation" title="Cultural assimilation">assimilation</a> (for instance, 64% of Hungarians in Timișoara live in mixed marriages), migration and low birth rates.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> Timișoara is also home to an important <a href="/wiki/Serbs" title="Serbs">Serb community</a>, which in 2011 numbered almost 5,000 people. Many of them use <a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Second_language" title="Second language">second language</a>, preferring Romanian. Serbian is more common among older generations educated in it.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> In 2018, according to official data, over 7,000 foreigners lived in Timișoara.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> The actual figure is higher, given that many foreigners living in Timișoara do not apply for permanent residence, while spending most of their time in the city. <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Population by ethnic groups under <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Hungarian</a> and Romanian administration<a href="#cite_note-kia-86">[86]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Census</th> <th>Total</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Romanians" title="Romanians">Romanians</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Hungarians" title="Hungarians">Hungarians</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">Germans</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Ukrainians</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Serbs" title="Serbs">Serbs</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Croats" title="Croats">Croats</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Czechs" title="Czechs">Czechs</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Slovaks" title="Slovaks">Slovaks</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Bulgarians" title="Bulgarians">Bulgarians</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>1880 </th> <td>38,702</td> <td>5,037 (13.02%)</td> <td>7,529 (19.45%)</td> <td>20,518 (53.02%)</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td>28 (0.07%)</td> <td>2,415 (6.24%)</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td>405 (1.05%)</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <th>1890 </th> <td>45,948</td> <td>5,594 (12.17%)</td> <td>11,100 (24.16%)</td> <td>24,973 (54.35%)</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td>27 (0.06%)</td> <td>2,363 (5.14%)</td> <td>52 (0.11%)</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td>332 (0.72%)</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <th>1900 </th> <td>60,551</td> <td>6,312 (10.42%)</td> <td>19,162 (31.65%)</td> <td>30,892 (51.02%)</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td>13 (0.02%)</td> <td>2,730 (4.51%)</td> <td>130 (0.21%)</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td>288 (0.48%)</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <th>1910 </th> <td>74,003</td> <td>7,593 (10.26%)</td> <td>28,645 (38.71%)</td> <td>32,963 (44.54%)</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td>4 (0.01%)</td> <td>3,490 (4.72%)</td> <td>149 (0.20%)</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td>341 (0.46%)</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <th>1920 </th> <td>86,850</td> <td>16,047 (18.48%)</td> <td>27,189 (31.31%)</td> <td>32,097 (36.96%)</td> <td>8,307 (9.56%)</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <th>1930 </th> <td>102,390</td> <td>25,207 (24.62%)</td> <td>31,773 (31.03%)</td> <td>33,162 (32.39%)</td> <td>7,264 (7.09%)</td> <td>379 (0.37%)</td> <td>56 (0.05%)</td> <td>2,237 (2.18%)</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td>652 (0.64%)</td> <td>279 (0.27%) </td></tr> <tr> <th>1941 </th> <td>125,052</td> <td>46,466 (37.16%)</td> <td>24,891 (19.9%)</td> <td>37,611 (30.08%)</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <th>1956 </th> <td>142,257</td> <td>75,855 (53.32%)</td> <td>29,968 (21.07%)</td> <td>24,326 (17.1%)</td> <td>6,700 (4.71%)</td> <td>122 (0.09%)</td> <td>56 (0.04%)</td> <td>3,065 (2.15%)</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td>649 (0.46%)</td> <td>575 (0.4%)</td> <td>280 (0.2%) </td></tr> <tr> <th>1966 </th> <td>174,243</td> <td>109,100 (62.61%)</td> <td>31,016 (17.8%)</td> <td>25,058 (14.38%)</td> <td>2,590 (1.49%)</td> <td>120 (0.07%)</td> <td>71 (0.04%)</td> <td>4,188 (2.4%)</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td>516 (0.3%)</td> <td>490 (0.28%)</td> <td>475 (0.27%) </td></tr> <tr> <th>1977 </th> <td>269,353</td> <td>191,742 (71.19%)</td> <td>36,724 (13.63%)</td> <td>28,429 (10.55%)</td> <td>1,629 (0.6%)</td> <td>1,109 (0.41%)</td> <td>299 (0.09%)</td> <td>6,776 (2.52%)</td> <td>124 (0.05%)</td> <td>481 (0.18%)</td> <td>404 (0.15%)</td> <td>942 (0.35%) </td></tr> <tr> <th>1992 </th> <td>334,115</td> <td>274,511 (82.16%)</td> <td>31,785 (9.51%)</td> <td>13,206 (3.95%)</td> <td>549 (0.16%)</td> <td>2,668 (0.8%)</td> <td>756 (0.23%)</td> <td>7,748 (2.32%)</td> <td>93 (0.03%)</td> <td>227 (0.07%)</td> <td>675 (0.20%)</td> <td>1,314 (0.39%) </td></tr> <tr> <th>2002<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> </th> <td>317,660</td> <td>271,677 (85.52%)</td> <td>24,287 (7.65%)</td> <td>7,157 (2.25%)</td> <td>367 (0.12%)</td> <td>3,062 (0.96%)</td> <td>762 (0.24%)</td> <td>6,311 (1.99%)</td> <td>142 (0.04%)</td> <td>171 (0.05%)</td> <td>570 (0.18%)</td> <td>1,218 (0.38%) </td></tr> <tr> <th>2011<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> </th> <td>319,279</td> <td>259,754 (81.36%)</td> <td>15,564 (4.87%)</td> <td>4,193 (1.31%)</td> <td>176 (0.06%)</td> <td>2,145 (0.67%)</td> <td>556 (0.17%)</td> <td>4,843 (1.52%)</td> <td>101 (0.03%)</td> <td>124 (0.04%)</td> <td>385 (0.12%)</td> <td>859 (0.27%) </td></tr> <tr> <th>2021<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> </th> <td>250,849</td> <td>176,615 (70.41%)</td> <td>8,313 (3.31%)</td> <td>2,189 (0.87%)</td> <td>111 (0.04%)</td> <td>745 (0.3%)</td> <td>400 (0.16%)</td> <td>2,776 (1.11%)</td> <td>77 (0.03%)</td> <td>90 (0.04%)</td> <td>275 (0.11%)</td> <td>643 (0.26%) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="13">Note: censuses in italics are based on <a href="/wiki/First_language" title="First language">mother tongue</a> rather than ethnicity. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sinagoga_din_Cetate_-_Timi%C8%99oara_-_2023_-_IMG_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Sinagoga_din_Cetate_-_Timi%C8%99oara_-_2023_-_IMG_01.jpg/150px-Sinagoga_din_Cetate_-_Timi%C8%99oara_-_2023_-_IMG_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Sinagoga_din_Cetate_-_Timi%C8%99oara_-_2023_-_IMG_01.jpg/225px-Sinagoga_din_Cetate_-_Timi%C8%99oara_-_2023_-_IMG_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Sinagoga_din_Cetate_-_Timi%C8%99oara_-_2023_-_IMG_01.jpg/300px-Sinagoga_din_Cetate_-_Timi%C8%99oara_-_2023_-_IMG_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2646" data-file-height="4704" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cetate_Synagogue" title="Cetate Synagogue">Cetate Synagogue</a>, the largest synagogue in Timișoara</figcaption></figure> Although much changed throughout its history, the religious composition of Timișoara is diverse. If in 1910 most of the inhabitants were <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholics</a>,<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> in 2011 75% declared themselves <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Orthodox">Romanian Orthodox</a>. In Timișoara there are 80 churches, 12 of which were built after 1989;<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> 41 belong to the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox Church</a>, eight to the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a> and three to the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Greek Catholic Church">Greek Catholic Church</a>.<a href="#cite_note-social-75">[75]</a> In addition, there are three <a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">synagogues</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cetate_Synagogue" title="Cetate Synagogue">Cetate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fabric_Synagogue" title="Fabric Synagogue">Fabric</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iosefin_Synagogue" title="Iosefin Synagogue">Iosefin</a> neighborhoods, all three built before <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, when <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> accounted for 10% of the city's population;<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> at present, only the Orthodox synagogue in Iosefin and the Cetate synagogue hold religious services.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> Timișoara is the seat of the Archiepiscopate of Timișoara, the see of the <a href="/wiki/Metropolis_of_Banat" title="Metropolis of Banat">Metropolis of Banat</a>, as well as the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Timișoara">Diocese of Timișoara</a>, one of the six Roman Catholic dioceses in Romania. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics_and_administration">Politics and administration</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Politics and administration">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Timi%C8%99oara" title="List of mayors of Timișoara">List of mayors of Timișoara</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Timi%C8%99oara_-_Prim%C4%83ria_Municipiului_Timi%C8%99oara_(29971854967).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Timi%C8%99oara_-_Prim%C4%83ria_Municipiului_Timi%C8%99oara_%2829971854967%29.jpg/250px-Timi%C8%99oara_-_Prim%C4%83ria_Municipiului_Timi%C8%99oara_%2829971854967%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Timi%C8%99oara_-_Prim%C4%83ria_Municipiului_Timi%C8%99oara_%2829971854967%29.jpg/375px-Timi%C8%99oara_-_Prim%C4%83ria_Municipiului_Timi%C8%99oara_%2829971854967%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Timi%C8%99oara_-_Prim%C4%83ria_Municipiului_Timi%C8%99oara_%2829971854967%29.jpg/500px-Timi%C8%99oara_-_Prim%C4%83ria_Municipiului_Timi%C8%99oara_%2829971854967%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Timișoara City Hall</figcaption></figure> The first free local elections in post-communist Timișoara took place in 1992. The winner was <a href="/wiki/Viorel_Oancea" title="Viorel Oancea">Viorel Oancea</a>, of the Civic Alliance Party (PAC), which later merged with the <a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania)" title="National Liberal Party (Romania)">National Liberal Party</a> (PNL). He was the first officer who spoke to the crowd of revolutionaries gathered in Opera Square.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> The 1996 elections were won by <a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Ciuhandu" title="Gheorghe Ciuhandu">Gheorghe Ciuhandu</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_National_Peasants%27_Party" title="Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party">Christian Democrats</a> (PNȚ-CD). He had four terms, also winning elections in 2000, 2004 and 2008. Meanwhile, Ciuhandu took over the Christian Democratic Party and ran for president of Romania in 2004.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Robu" title="Nicolae Robu">Nicolae Robu</a> (PNL) was elected mayor in 2012 and again in 2016. In 2020, <a href="/wiki/Dominic_Fritz" title="Dominic Fritz">Dominic Fritz</a>, a native of Germany, was elected mayor on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/Save_Romania_Union" title="Save Romania Union">USR</a> with support from the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Forum_of_Germans_in_Romania" title="Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania">FDGR</a>.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> He won a new mandate in 2024 on behalf of the United Timișoara Alliance (<a href="/wiki/Save_Romania_Union" title="Save Romania Union">USR</a>–<a href="/wiki/People%27s_Movement_Party" title="People's Movement Party">PMP</a>–<a href="/wiki/Force_of_the_Right" title="Force of the Right">FD</a>–<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_of_Hungarians_in_Romania" title="Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania">UDMR</a>).<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> The Local Council and the city's mayor are elected every four years by the population. Decisions are discussed and approved by the <a href="/wiki/Local_government" title="Local government">Local Council</a> (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: Consiliu Local) made up of 27 elected councilors. After the <a href="/wiki/2024_Romanian_local_elections" title="2024 Romanian local elections">2024 local elections</a>, the Local Council has the following composition by political parties:<a href="#cite_note-alegeri2024-5">[5]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#ccc">    </th> <th style="background:#ccc">Party </th> <th style="background:#ccc">Seats </th> <th style="background:#ccc" colspan="13">Current Council </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#00aae7; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Save_Romania_Union" title="Save Romania Union">USR</a>–<a href="/wiki/People%27s_Movement_Party" title="People's Movement Party">PMP</a>–<a href="/wiki/Force_of_the_Right" title="Force of the Right">FD</a>–<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_of_Hungarians_in_Romania" title="Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania">UDMR</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">13 </td> <td style="background-color:#00aae7; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#00aae7; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#00aae7; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#00aae7; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#00aae7; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#00aae7; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#00aae7; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#00aae7; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#00aae7; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#00aae7; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#00aae7; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#00aae7; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#00aae7; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#EF3340; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)" title="Social Democratic Party (Romania)">PSD</a>–<a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania)" title="National Liberal Party (Romania)">PNL</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">11 </td> <td style="background-color:#EF3340; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#EF3340; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#EF3340; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#EF3340; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#EF3340; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#EF3340; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#EF3340; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#EF3340; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#EF3340; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#EF3340; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#EF3340; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FCB21F; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_the_Union_of_Romanians" title="Alliance for the Union of Romanians">AUR</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">3 </td> <td style="background-color:#FCB21F; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#FCB21F; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td style="background-color:#FCB21F; color:inherit; width:0.3em;">  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td></tr></tbody></table> Additionally, as Timișoara is the capital of <a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99_County" title="Timiș County">Timiș County</a>, the city hosts the Administrative Palace, the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/County_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="County Council">County Council</a> (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: Consiliu Județean) and the <a href="/wiki/Prefect_(Romania)" title="Prefect (Romania)">prefect</a>, who is appointed by Romania's central government. The prefect is not allowed to be a member of a political party, and his role is to represent the national government at the local level, acting as a liaison and facilitating the implementation of national development plans and governing programs at the local level. In 2003, neighborhood advisory councils were set up as a measure to improve local government consultation with citizens on local public policies.<a href="#cite_note-civicul2003-104">[104]</a> As of 2013, Timișoara had 20 neighborhood advisory councils.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Timișoara is the informal capital of the <a href="/wiki/Vest_(development_region)" title="Vest (development region)">West development region</a>, which is equivalent to <a href="/wiki/NUTS-II" class="mw-redirect" title="NUTS-II">NUTS-II</a> regions in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> and is used by the European Union and the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Government">Romanian Government</a> for statistical analysis and coordination of regional development projects. The West development region is not an administrative entity.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> Timișoara is also the largest economic, social and commercial center of the <a href="/wiki/Danube%E2%80%93Cri%C8%99%E2%80%93Mure%C8%99%E2%80%93Tisa_Euroregion" title="Danube–Criș–Mureș–Tisa Euroregion">DKMT Euroregion</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Districts">Districts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Districts">edit</a>]</div> Traditionally, Timișoara was divided into ten constituencies (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: circumscripții) that today have no administrative function: <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="6"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stadtbezirke_von_Temeswar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Stadtbezirke_von_Temeswar.jpg/300px-Stadtbezirke_von_Temeswar.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Stadtbezirke_von_Temeswar.jpg/450px-Stadtbezirke_von_Temeswar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Stadtbezirke_von_Temeswar.jpg/600px-Stadtbezirke_von_Temeswar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="964" data-file-height="719" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Constituency</th> <th>Area (ha)<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a></th> <th>Romanian name</th> <th>German name<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a></th> <th>Hungarian name<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a></th> <th>Established<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>I</td> <td>480</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cetate,_Timi%C8%99oara" class="mw-redirect" title="Cetate, Timișoara">Cetate</a></td> <td>Innerstadt</td> <td>Belváros</td> <td>1717 </td></tr> <tr> <td>II</td> <td>1,017</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fabric,_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Fabric, Timișoara">Fabric</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[a]</a></td> <td>Fabrikstadt</td> <td>Gyárváros</td> <td>1744 </td></tr> <tr> <td>III</td> <td>668</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elisabetin" title="Elisabetin">Elisabetin</a></td> <td>Elisabethstadt</td> <td>Erzsébetváros</td> <td>1896 </td></tr> <tr> <td>IV</td> <td>442</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iosefin" title="Iosefin">Iosefin</a></td> <td>Josephstadt</td> <td>Józsefváros</td> <td>1744 </td></tr> <tr> <td>V</td> <td>493</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mehala" title="Mehala">Mehala</a></td> <td>Franzstadt</td> <td>Ferencváros</td> <td>1910 </td></tr> <tr> <td>VI</td> <td>231</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fratelia" title="Fratelia">Fratelia</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[b]</a></td> <td>Neutischold</td> <td>Újtesöld</td> <td>1919 </td></tr> <tr> <td>VII</td> <td>156</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Freidorf" title="Freidorf">Freidorf</a></td> <td>Freidorf</td> <td>Szabadfalu</td> <td>1950 </td></tr> <tr> <td>VIII</td> <td>67</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plopi,_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Plopi, Timișoara">Plopi</a></td> <td>Kardosch Kolonie<a href="#cite_note-114">[112]</a></td> <td>Kardostelep</td> <td>1951 </td></tr> <tr> <td>IX</td> <td>72</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ghiroda_Nou%C4%83" title="Ghiroda Nouă">Ghiroda Nouă</a></td> <td>Neugiroda</td> <td>Újgiroda</td> <td>1951 </td></tr> <tr> <td>X</td> <td>102</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ciarda_Ro%C8%99ie" title="Ciarda Roșie">Ciarda Roșie</a></td> <td>Rotterhof</td> <td>Vöröscsárda</td> <td>1953 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="6"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> Including Viile Fabric (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: Rudolfsheim; <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>: Rezsőföld) </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> Including Beșenic (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: Beschenau; <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>: Besenyőtelep) </li> </ol></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> In addition to the above, a number of new neighborhoods have emerged in the 20th and 21st centuries:<a href="#cite_note-civicul2003-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[115]</a> <dl><dd>Listed alphabetically</dd></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara_Traian_Vuia_International_Airport" title="Timișoara Traian Vuia International Airport">Aeroport</a></li> <li>Antene</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aradului" title="Aradului">Aradului</a></li> <li>Baba Dochia</li> <li>Badea Cârțan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bla%C8%99covici" title="Blașcovici">Blașcovici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braytim" title="Braytim">Braytim–Timișoara Sud</a></li> <li>Bucovina</li> <li>Buziașului</li> <li>Câmpului</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circumvala%C8%9Biunii" title="Circumvalațiunii">Circumvalațiunii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complexul_Studen%C8%9Besc" title="Complexul Studențesc">Complexul Studențesc</a></li> <li>Crișan</li> <li>Dacia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A2mbovi%C8%9Ba,_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Dâmbovița, Timișoara">Dâmbovița</a></li> <li>Dorobanților</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara_North_railway_station" title="Timișoara North railway station">Gara de Nord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girocului" title="Girocului">Girocului (Martirilor)</a></li> <li>I.I. de la Brad</li> <li>Kogălniceanu</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuncz" title="Kuncz">Kuncz</a></li> <li>Lipovei</li> <li>Mircea cel Bătrân</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern,_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Modern, Timișoara">Modern</a></li> <li>Odobescu</li> <li>Olimpia–Stadion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Forest,_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Green Forest, Timișoara">Pădurea Verde</a></li> <li>Prințul Turcesc–Lunei</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rona%C8%9B" title="Ronaț">Ronaț</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C8%98agului" title="Șagului">Șagului</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soarelui,_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Soarelui, Timișoara">Soarelui</a></li> <li>Steaua</li> <li>Telegrafului</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipografilor" title="Tipografilor">Tipografilor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torontalului" title="Torontalului">Torontalului</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UMT%E2%80%93P%C4%83durea_Verde" title="UMT–Pădurea Verde">UMT</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metropolitan_area">Metropolitan area</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Metropolitan area">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara_metropolitan_area" title="Timișoara metropolitan area">Timișoara metropolitan area</a></div> The Timișoara metropolitan area was outlined in 2008 following the collaboration of the local authorities from Timișoara and 14 neighboring communes (<a href="/wiki/Becicherecu_Mic" title="Becicherecu Mic">Becicherecu Mic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bucov%C4%83%C8%9B" title="Bucovăț">Bucovăț</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dude%C8%99tii_Noi" title="Dudeștii Noi">Dudeștii Noi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dumbr%C4%83vi%C8%9Ba,_Timi%C8%99" title="Dumbrăvița, Timiș">Dumbrăvița</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghiroda" title="Ghiroda">Ghiroda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giarmata" title="Giarmata">Giarmata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giroc" title="Giroc">Giroc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mo%C8%99ni%C8%9Ba_Nou%C4%83" title="Moșnița Nouă">Moșnița Nouă</a>, <a href="/wiki/Or%C8%9Bi%C8%99oara" title="Orțișoara">Orțișoara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pi%C8%99chia" title="Pișchia">Pișchia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Remetea_Mare" title="Remetea Mare">Remetea Mare</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C4%83c%C4%83laz" title="Săcălaz">Săcălaz</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A2nmihaiu_Rom%C3%A2n" title="Sânmihaiu Român">Sânmihaiu Român</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C8%98ag" title="Șag">Șag</a>).<a href="#cite_note-118">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[117]</a> The Timișoara metropolitan area is part of the Federation of Metropolitan Areas and Urban Agglomerations in Romania (FZMAUR).<a href="#cite_note-120">[118]</a> As of 2016, the metropolitan area groups over 410,000 inhabitants on an area eight times larger than the <a href="/wiki/City_proper" title="City proper">city proper</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ins-2016-121">[119]</a> Several localities neighboring Timișoara have experienced a significant development in recent years. Ghiroda, Giroc, Dumbrăvița, Chișoda, Moșnița Nouă and Utvin became suburbs of Timișoara due to the development of facilities, utilities and infrastructure, territorially joining the city. In the last 20 years, Timișoara has expanded its borders by about 8%, which means about 1,000 hectares, due to the construction of new neighborhoods or residential complexes.<a href="#cite_note-ot-122">[120]</a> The city limits were moved outwards in 2006 by almost 5 km (3.1 mi). The largest expansion took place towards Șag.<a href="#cite_note-ot-122">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Timișoara–Arad_metropolis">Timișoara–Arad metropolis</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Timișoara–Arad metropolis">edit</a>]</div> In August 2016, mayors <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Robu" title="Nicolae Robu">Nicolae Robu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Falc%C4%83" title="Gheorghe Falcă">Gheorghe Falcă</a> signed the deed of establishment of the Timișoara–Arad metropolis,<a href="#cite_note-123">[121]</a> the first of its kind in Romania, part of the integrated development strategy Timișoara Vision 2030, carried out with the support of the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>, ADR Vest and FZMAUR. The project has been under discussion since 2006 and involved the unification of the metropolitan areas of Timișoara and <a href="/wiki/Arad,_Romania" title="Arad, Romania">Arad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-124">[122]</a> In 2018, the population of the metropolis was 805,000 and is expected to exceed one million by 2030.<a href="#cite_note-125">[123]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> Timișoara is one of the most dynamic economic centers in Romania.<a href="#cite_note-126">[124]</a> Based on its proximity to the western border, Timișoara has managed to attract many foreign investments in recent years, forming, together with <a href="/wiki/Arad,_Romania" title="Arad, Romania">Arad</a>, the second largest area in Romania in terms of economic mass.<a href="#cite_note-127">[125]</a> By the mid-2000s, the foreign investments in Timișoara amounted to €753 per capita, compared to €450 per capita at county level.<a href="#cite_note-trace-128">[126]</a> Most of these investments come from the <a href="/wiki/EU" class="mw-redirect" title="EU">EU</a> countries, especially from Italy, Germany and France. Similar to other growth poles in Romania, the services sector has developed significantly in recent years, accounting for half of the revenues.<a href="#cite_note-trace-128">[126]</a> After the fall of communism and the transition to a <a href="/wiki/Market_economy" title="Market economy">market economy</a>, the private sector grew steadily. In the first decade of the 21st century, Timișoara has experienced an <a href="/wiki/Economic_boom" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic boom">economic boom</a> as the amount of foreign investment, especially in <a href="/wiki/High-tech" class="mw-redirect" title="High-tech">high-tech</a> sectors, has risen. In an article in late 2005, French magazine L'Expansion called Timișoara Romania's economic showcase, and referred to the increased number of foreign investments as a "second revolution".<a href="#cite_note-129">[127]</a> In 2016, Timișoara was awarded by <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a> as the most dynamic city and the best city for business in Romania.<a href="#cite_note-130">[128]</a> Between 2000 and 2013, Timișoara had the highest growth rate of <a href="/wiki/GDP_per_capita" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP per capita">GDP per capita</a>, surpassing even Bucharest.<a href="#cite_note-magnetic-82">[82]</a> The local economic development has been reflected accordingly in the unemployment figures. For instance, in December 2019, the <a href="/wiki/Unemployment_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Unemployment rate">unemployment rate</a> in Timișoara was among the lowest in the country, with only 0.8%.<a href="#cite_note-131">[129]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industrial_sector">Industrial sector</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Industrial sector">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bierfabrik.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Bierfabrik.JPG/150px-Bierfabrik.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Bierfabrik.JPG/225px-Bierfabrik.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Bierfabrik.JPG/300px-Bierfabrik.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="4320" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99oreana_Brewery" title="Timișoreana Brewery">Timișoreana Brewery</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Brewery" title="Brewery">brewery</a> established on the current territory of <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>.<a href="#cite_note-zf-2017-132">[130]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ma%C8%99ina_la_care_lucreaz%C4%83_frunta%C8%99a_Ana_M%C4%83lig%C4%83_de_la_Uzinele_textile_Timi%C8%99oara_este_un_laminor_care_asigur%C4%83_%C3%AEn_bun%C4%83_m%C4%83sur%C4%83_uniformitatea_viitorului_fir_de_bumbac,_Flac%C4%83ra_17_1961.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ma%C8%99ina_la_care_lucreaz%C4%83_frunta%C8%99a_Ana_M%C4%83lig%C4%83_de_la_Uzinele_textile_Timi%C8%99oara_este_un_laminor_care_asigur%C4%83_%C3%AEn_bun%C4%83_m%C4%83sur%C4%83_uniformitatea_viitorului_fir_de_bumbac%2C_Flac%C4%83ra_17_1961.png/150px-thumbnail.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ma%C8%99ina_la_care_lucreaz%C4%83_frunta%C8%99a_Ana_M%C4%83lig%C4%83_de_la_Uzinele_textile_Timi%C8%99oara_este_un_laminor_care_asigur%C4%83_%C3%AEn_bun%C4%83_m%C4%83sur%C4%83_uniformitatea_viitorului_fir_de_bumbac%2C_Flac%C4%83ra_17_1961.png/225px-thumbnail.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ma%C8%99ina_la_care_lucreaz%C4%83_frunta%C8%99a_Ana_M%C4%83lig%C4%83_de_la_Uzinele_textile_Timi%C8%99oara_este_un_laminor_care_asigur%C4%83_%C3%AEn_bun%C4%83_m%C4%83sur%C4%83_uniformitatea_viitorului_fir_de_bumbac%2C_Flac%C4%83ra_17_1961.png/300px-thumbnail.png 2x" data-file-width="711" data-file-height="910" /></a><figcaption>Woman operating a <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a> roll machine at <a href="/wiki/Textile_manufacturing" title="Textile manufacturing">Uzinele Textile</a> Timișoara, 1961. During <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu" title="Nicolae Ceaușescu">Ceaușescu</a>'s time, labour force came to Timișoara from all over <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="Socialist Republic of Romania">Romania</a>.<a href="#cite_note-133">[131]</a></figcaption></figure> After 1989, major changes took place in the structure of industrial activities in Timișoara due to the restructuring and retrofitting processes, industrial production currently including both traditional sub-branches and new, modern and dynamic ones. Unlike cities such as Cluj-Napoca, Iași or Bucharest, the localization of industry within the city is specific to Timișoara.<a href="#cite_note-134">[132]</a> The main industrial groups in the city can be structured in three types: urban industrial areas, with large area and complex profile (Calea Buziașului, Freidorf, pericentral area along the railway, Calea Șagului, etc.), industrial platforms with unitary profile (UMT and Solventul) and dispersed industrial units, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-135">[133]</a> In recent decades, industrial areas have developed along major road or rail arteries, with a tendency to group units by industrial profiles.<a href="#cite_note-social-75">[75]</a> There are eight industrial zones in Timișoara where factories and plants cover several sectors from <a href="/wiki/Electronics_industry" title="Electronics industry">electronics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chemical_industry" title="Chemical industry">chemical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">automotive</a> to <a href="/wiki/Food_processing" title="Food processing">food processing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Textile_industry" title="Textile industry">textile industries</a>.<a href="#cite_note-trace-128">[126]</a> Buziașului industrial area concentrates units for <a href="/wiki/Chemical_industry" title="Chemical industry">chemical industry</a> and production of automotive and electronic components. The area has seen an important development in recent years, attracting major investments from <a href="/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble" title="Procter & Gamble">Procter & Gamble</a>, <a href="/wiki/Continental_AG" title="Continental AG">Continental</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%A4xlmaier_Group" title="Dräxlmaier Group">Dräxlmaier</a>, Elbromplast, AEM, Saguaro, etc. In 2013 Optica Business Park was inaugurated here.<a href="#cite_note-136">[134]</a> Developed on the old buildings of the former lens factory, Optica Business Park offices have attracted tenants such as <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linde_plc" title="Linde plc">Linde</a> or <a href="/wiki/ZTE" title="ZTE">ZTE</a>.<a href="#cite_note-137">[135]</a> Șagului industrial area includes warehouses of construction materials (<a href="/wiki/Arabesque_(company)" title="Arabesque (company)">Arabesque</a>, Arthema, Lipoplast, Mobexpert, etc.), as well as a significant number of showrooms and car dealers (<a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz" title="Mercedes-Benz">Mercedes-Benz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi" title="Mitsubishi">Mitsubishi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Motor_Company" title="Hyundai Motor Company">Hyundai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Citro%C3%ABn" title="Citroën">Citroën</a>, <a href="/wiki/Opel" title="Opel">Opel</a>, etc.). An important role in the development and diversification of the profile of the area is played by the Incontro Industrial Park, where construction companies are mainly located. Calea Șagului has also become an important commercial area, with hypermarkets such as <a href="/wiki/Brico_D%C3%A9p%C3%B4t" title="Brico Dépôt">Brico Dépôt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auchan" title="Auchan">Auchan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jysk" title="Jysk">Jysk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metro_AG" title="Metro AG">Metro</a> or <a href="/wiki/Leroy_Merlin" title="Leroy Merlin">Leroy Merlin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-social-75">[75]</a> Stretched on a usable area of 63 ha, Freidorf Industrial Park is an important area for attracting foreign investment, encouraging business development and creating new jobs. The automotive components industry predominates in the area (Kromberg & Schubert, ContiTech, ELBA, etc.).<a href="#cite_note-social-75">[75]</a> In the UMT industrial area are located mainly chemical and automotive industry units (<a href="/wiki/Continental_AG" title="Continental AG">Continental</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linde_plc" title="Linde plc">Linde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hella_(company)" title="Hella (company)">Hella</a>, etc.), but also warehouses.<a href="#cite_note-social-75">[75]</a> Torontalului industrial area includes units for <a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Manufacturing industry">manufacturing industry</a> (<a href="/wiki/Flex_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flex (company)">Flex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coca-Cola_Hellenic_Bottling_Company" title="Coca-Cola Hellenic Bottling Company">Coca-Cola</a>, <a href="/wiki/SCA_(company)" title="SCA (company)">SCA</a>, etc.). The Timișoara Technology and Industrial Park was arranged here, with the aim of supporting the development of SMEs in fields such as software, IT and communications or electronics and electrical engineering.<a href="#cite_note-138">[136]</a> Aradului industrial area is the newest industrial area, with various locations for storage and provision of services. Like Calea Șagului, the Aradului area has become an important commercial hub, retailers like <a href="/wiki/Selgros" title="Selgros">Selgros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hornbach_(retailer)" title="Hornbach (retailer)">Hornbach</a>, Altex or <a href="/wiki/Auchan" title="Auchan">Auchan</a> operating here.<a href="#cite_note-social-75">[75]</a> The main industrial branches, which have experienced an important growth in Timișoara, are the <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">automotive industry</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chemical_industry" title="Chemical industry">chemical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Petrochemical_industry" title="Petrochemical industry">petrochemical industry</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Electronics_industry" title="Electronics industry">electronics industry</a>. The automotive components industry has registered a strong development in recent years, as a consequence of the need for technological development within existing industrial units, in Timișoara concentrating renowned companies in this field (<a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%A4xlmaier_Group" title="Dräxlmaier Group">Dräxlmaier</a>, Kromberg & Schubert, ContiTech, <a href="/wiki/TRW_Automotive" title="TRW Automotive">TRW Automotive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahle_GmbH" title="Mahle GmbH">Mahle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hella_(company)" title="Hella (company)">Hella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dura_Automotive_Systems" title="Dura Automotive Systems">Dura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valeo" title="Valeo">Valeo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Autoliv" title="Autoliv">Autoliv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honeywell" title="Honeywell">Honeywell</a>, etc.).<a href="#cite_note-social-75">[75]</a> In 2016, a competence center for automotive engineering – CERC – was inaugurated in the Freidorf area.<a href="#cite_note-139">[137]</a> This economic branch has old traditions. Between 1988 and 1991, the Romanian car model <a href="/wiki/Dacia_L%C4%83stun" title="Dacia Lăstun">Dacia 500 Lăstun</a> was made in the Tehnometal factories.<a href="#cite_note-140">[138]</a> The electronics and electrical engineering industry is a successful branch of Timișoara's industry, especially due to the investments of large companies with activities in high tech production (<a href="/wiki/Flex_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flex (company)">Flex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bosch_GmbH" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Bosch GmbH">Bosch</a>, <a href="/wiki/ABB" title="ABB">ABB</a>, AEM, ELBA, <a href="/wiki/Ericsson" title="Ericsson">Ericsson</a>, etc.), which determined a development of local companies, suppliers or subcontractors.<a href="#cite_note-social-75">[75]</a> The chemical and petrochemical industry, traditional in Timișoara, has developed especially through the investments made by <a href="/wiki/Continental_AG" title="Continental AG">Continental</a>, <a href="/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble" title="Procter & Gamble">Procter & Gamble</a> and Azur.<a href="#cite_note-social-75">[75]</a> Along with large investors from the top industries mentioned above, in Timișoara are concentrated a large number of companies, especially <a href="/wiki/Small_and_medium_enterprise" class="mw-redirect" title="Small and medium enterprise">small and medium enterprises</a>, in traditional fields such as <a href="/wiki/Textile_industry" title="Textile industry">textile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clothing_industry" title="Clothing industry">clothing industry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Textile_manufacturing" title="Textile manufacturing">textile manufacturing</a> and leather and <a href="/wiki/Shoemaking" title="Shoemaking">footwear industry</a>, foreign investors interested in these sectors mainly due to low production costs.<a href="#cite_note-social-75">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Office_sector">Office sector</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Office sector">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:City_Business_Center_Timi%C8%99oara_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/City_Business_Center_Timi%C8%99oara_2022.jpg/220px-City_Business_Center_Timi%C8%99oara_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/City_Business_Center_Timi%C8%99oara_2022.jpg/330px-City_Business_Center_Timi%C8%99oara_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/City_Business_Center_Timi%C8%99oara_2022.jpg/440px-City_Business_Center_Timi%C8%99oara_2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>City Business Center and <a href="/wiki/National_Agency_for_Fiscal_Administration" title="National Agency for Fiscal Administration">ANAF</a> </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Openville_1783_(Edited).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b7/Openville_1783_%28Edited%29.jpg/170px-Openville_1783_%28Edited%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b7/Openville_1783_%28Edited%29.jpg/255px-Openville_1783_%28Edited%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b7/Openville_1783_%28Edited%29.jpg/340px-Openville_1783_%28Edited%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>United Business Center 1, part of <a href="/wiki/Iulius_Town" class="mw-redirect" title="Iulius Town">Iulius Town</a> urban ensemble</figcaption></figure> The office sector has boomed in the last decade,<a href="#cite_note-141">[139]</a> the stock of class A offices available for rent reaching 290,000 m2 in 2020, almost 10% of <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>'s stock.<a href="#cite_note-zf-142">[140]</a> The return on investment in office buildings exceeds the level in Bucharest (7%), standing at around 8.25%.<a href="#cite_note-zf-142">[140]</a> The city has the lowest vacancy rate of class A office spaces, 5% in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-143">[141]</a> City Business Center is the main office park in Timișoara, located in the city center. Completed in 2015, the complex is fully leased, with tenants including international companies such as <a href="/wiki/Accenture" title="Accenture">Accenture</a>, <a href="/wiki/SAP" title="SAP">SAP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deloitte" title="Deloitte">Deloitte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wipro" title="Wipro">Wipro</a>, <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Visma" title="Visma">Visma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hella_(company)" title="Hella (company)">Hella</a>, etc.<a href="#cite_note-144">[142]</a> Named the greenest office project in Romania by <a href="/wiki/BREEAM" title="BREEAM">BREEAM</a>, Vox Technology Park was completed in early 2018.<a href="#cite_note-145">[143]</a> Bega Business Park is located near the historic center. The first two buildings were completed in 2015 and early 2018, respectively, and are fully occupied by <a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a>'s campus.<a href="#cite_note-146">[144]</a> Under construction are ISHO Offices, part of a larger project, and United Business Center.<a href="#cite_note-forbes-147">[145]</a> The latter will include the tallest office building in Romania (155 m).<a href="#cite_note-148">[146]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="IT&C_sector">IT&C sector</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: IT&C sector">edit</a>]</div> At national level, Timișoara is one of the poles of the most intense activities in the <a href="/wiki/IT_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="IT industry">IT industry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-149">[147]</a> Well-known companies such as <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nvidia" title="Nvidia">Nvidia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huawei" title="Huawei">Huawei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atos" title="Atos">Atos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Accenture" title="Accenture">Accenture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Endava" title="Endava">Endava</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bitdefender" title="Bitdefender">Bitdefender</a> or <a href="/wiki/Visteon" title="Visteon">Visteon</a> have offices in the city, supporting – through the hubs and the digital workshops created – start-ups and SMEs in the field. Before the rapid expansion of <a href="/wiki/Cluj-Napoca" title="Cluj-Napoca">Cluj-Napoca</a>, Timișoara concentrated the most IT professionals after <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>. In 2014, Timișoara had 7,000 employees in the field.<a href="#cite_note-150">[148]</a> In the same year, the Incuboxx cluster was inaugurated.<a href="#cite_note-151">[149]</a> Incuboxx is the largest IT&C business incubator in Romania, which includes 54 office spaces addressed to entrepreneurs and companies with local capital in the field. Timișoara ranks 394th in the 2019 Innovation Cities Index, an annual list of the world's most innovation-friendly cities.<a href="#cite_note-152">[150]</a> Bucharest and Timișoara are the only Romanian cities on the list published by the <a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum">World Economic Forum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-153">[151]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Real_estate_sector">Real estate sector</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Real estate sector">edit</a>]</div> The real estate market in Timișoara, supported by the upward economic trend, has been booming lately. In 2017, about 4,000 living spaces were delivered to the market,<a href="#cite_note-154">[152]</a> an increase of almost 60% compared to the previous year, most of the projects representing high-rise residential complexes, addressed to the mass and mid-market segments. In the first nine months of 2016, according to the National Agency for Cadastre and Real Estate Advertising, over 32,000 sale/purchase transactions were concluded, making Timiș County the largest real estate market in Romania after Bucharest–Ilfov.<a href="#cite_note-155">[153]</a> 87% of them took place in Timișoara and neighboring communes. Among the largest residential complexes in Timișoara are ISHO, Adora Forest, Vivalia Grand, XCity Towers, Vox Vertical Village, Ateneo and City of Mara.<a href="#cite_note-156">[154]</a> After 1989 the rural areas within the city became "hot spots" for housing investors, and the emergence of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_class" title="Middle class">middle class</a> after 2000 changed both the landscape and the prices of houses and land.<a href="#cite_note-157">[155]</a> In 2020, for example, the price of an apartment reached 1,300 euros/m2, the third-highest among Romanian big cities, after <a href="/wiki/Cluj-Napoca" title="Cluj-Napoca">Cluj-Napoca</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>.<a href="#cite_note-158">[156]</a> On the other hand, the phenomenon of <a href="/wiki/Gentrification" title="Gentrification">gentrification</a> renewed a part of the underused housing stock. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commercial_sector">Commercial sector</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Commercial sector">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iulius_Town_Timi%C8%99oara_at_night,_September_2019_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Iulius_Town_Timi%C8%99oara_at_night%2C_September_2019_1.jpg/220px-Iulius_Town_Timi%C8%99oara_at_night%2C_September_2019_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Iulius_Town_Timi%C8%99oara_at_night%2C_September_2019_1.jpg/330px-Iulius_Town_Timi%C8%99oara_at_night%2C_September_2019_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Iulius_Town_Timi%C8%99oara_at_night%2C_September_2019_1.jpg/440px-Iulius_Town_Timi%C8%99oara_at_night%2C_September_2019_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Iulius_Town_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Iulius Town Timișoara">Iulius Town</a> at night</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Bega_Shopping_Center" title="Bega Shopping Center">Bega Shopping Center</a> is the only shopping center in the center of Timișoara and the first in the city. Bega Shopping Center is structured on six levels and has a leasable area of 7,500 m2, of which 1,300 are allocated to a <a href="/wiki/Carrefour" title="Carrefour">Carrefour</a> supermarket.<a href="#cite_note-159">[157]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bega_Group_(Romania)" title="Bega Group (Romania)">Bega Group</a>, the holding company that owns Bega Shopping Center, has opened three other <a href="/wiki/Retail_park" title="Retail park">retail parks</a> in Buziașului, <a href="/wiki/Circumvala%C8%9Biunii" title="Circumvalațiunii">Circumvalațiunii</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lipovei" title="Lipovei">Lipovei</a>.<a href="#cite_note-160">[158]</a> <a href="/wiki/Iulius_Mall_Timi%C8%99oara" class="mw-redirect" title="Iulius Mall Timișoara">Iulius Mall</a> was inaugurated in October 2005.<a href="#cite_note-161">[159]</a> Following an investment by Iulius Group and Atterbury Europe, Iulius Mall has been integrated into a large urban regeneration project – <a href="/wiki/Iulius_Town_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Iulius Town Timișoara">Iulius Town</a>, complementing it with retail, office and entertainment functions. Iulius Town has the largest shopping area in Romania (120,000 m2), a space that brings together over 450 stores.<a href="#cite_note-162">[160]</a> The estimated annual traffic for Iulius Town is over 20 million visitors.<a href="#cite_note-forbes-147">[145]</a> The second mall, <a href="/wiki/Shopping_City_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Shopping City Timișoara">Shopping City</a>, opened in March 2016.<a href="#cite_note-163">[161]</a> The shopping center has a leasable area of 70,000 m2, covering almost 20 ha and comprising 110 stores on two levels. Within Shopping City, the largest <a href="/wiki/Cinema_City_International" title="Cinema City International">Cinema City</a> multiplex outside Bucharest was opened in April 2016, with 13 <a href="/wiki/3D_film" title="3D film">3D</a> rooms, an <a href="/wiki/IMAX" title="IMAX">IMAX</a> room and a <a href="/wiki/4DX" title="4DX">4DX</a> room.<a href="#cite_note-164">[162]</a> In the first year since its opening, Shopping City had a traffic of over nine million visitors.<a href="#cite_note-165">[163]</a> The first <a href="/wiki/Strip_mall" title="Strip mall">strip mall</a> in the city, Funshop Park, opened in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-166">[164]</a> Built on the former industrial platform of Azur, Funshop Park has a leasable area of 10,800 m2 and is provided with an outdoor <a href="/wiki/Food_court" title="Food court">food court</a> area.<a href="#cite_note-167">[165]</a> Along with the existing stores in the central area, new supermarkets have been opened by national and international concerns such as <a href="/wiki/Selgros" title="Selgros">Selgros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metro_AG" title="Metro AG">Metro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auchan" title="Auchan">Auchan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaufland" title="Kaufland">Kaufland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carrefour" title="Carrefour">Carrefour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lidl" title="Lidl">Lidl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penny_(supermarket)" title="Penny (supermarket)">Penny</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mega_Image" title="Mega Image">Mega Image</a> or <a href="/wiki/Profi" title="Profi">Profi</a>. On the <a href="/wiki/Bricolage" title="Bricolage">bricolage</a> and <a href="/wiki/DIY" class="mw-redirect" title="DIY">DIY</a> market are present the stores of <a href="/wiki/Dedeman" title="Dedeman">Dedeman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hornbach_(retailer)" title="Hornbach (retailer)">Hornbach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brico_D%C3%A9p%C3%B4t" title="Brico Dépôt">Brico Dépôt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabesque_(company)" title="Arabesque (company)">Arabesque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leroy_Merlin" title="Leroy Merlin">Leroy Merlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mobexpert" title="Mobexpert">Mobexpert</a>, Mömax, <a href="/wiki/Jumbo_S.A." title="Jumbo S.A.">Jumbo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Decathlon_(retailer)" title="Decathlon (retailer)">Decathlon</a>, among others, part of local and international chains. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Tourism">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Panorama_noaptea_Timisoara.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Panorama_noaptea_Timisoara.jpg/220px-Panorama_noaptea_Timisoara.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Panorama_noaptea_Timisoara.jpg/330px-Panorama_noaptea_Timisoara.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Panorama_noaptea_Timisoara.jpg/440px-Panorama_noaptea_Timisoara.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2481" data-file-height="1690" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of the <a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara_Orthodox_Cathedral" title="Timișoara Orthodox Cathedral">Metropolitan Cathedral</a> and <a href="/wiki/Victory_Square,_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Victory Square, Timișoara">Victory Square</a>, one of the most visited <a href="/wiki/Tourist_attraction" title="Tourist attraction">tourist attractions</a> in Timișoara<a href="#cite_note-168">[166]</a></figcaption></figure> Timișoara is the central point of <a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">tourism</a> in the region, attracting 80% of its tourists. In the first half of 2017, Timișoara and its surroundings attracted just over 50,000 foreign tourists to the third most visited region in Romania, after <a href="/wiki/Bucure%C8%99ti_-_Ilfov" title="București - Ilfov">Bucharest–Ilfov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bra%C8%99ov" title="Brașov">Brașov</a>.<a href="#cite_note-169">[167]</a> In 2013, in Timișoara there were 107 accommodation units (comprising 49 <a href="/wiki/Hotel" title="Hotel">hotels</a>, seven <a href="/wiki/Hostel" title="Hostel">hostels</a>, 50 <a href="/wiki/Pension_(lodging)" title="Pension (lodging)">pensions</a>, and an international <a href="/wiki/Campsite" title="Campsite">campsite</a>) totaling 5,547 accommodation places.<a href="#cite_note-sidu-13">[13]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-university_education">Pre-university education</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Pre-university education">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Early_childhood_education" title="Early childhood education">Preschool education</a> takes place in 70 <a href="/wiki/Kindergarten" title="Kindergarten">kindergartens</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Primary_education" title="Primary education">primary education</a> in 47 <a href="/wiki/School" title="School">schools</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Secondary_education" title="Secondary education">secondary education</a> in 36 <a href="/wiki/High_school" class="mw-redirect" title="High school">high schools</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_education" title="Tertiary education">post-secondary education</a> in 11 post-secondary schools; and the master workman education in six foreman schools.<a href="#cite_note-edu-170">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[169]</a> The school network also includes two special high schools for students with disabilities, three schools of <a href="/wiki/Inclusive_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Inclusive education">inclusive education</a>, five seminaries, a special school for students with <a href="/wiki/Amblyopia" title="Amblyopia">amblyopia</a>, two educational assistance centers and a <a href="/wiki/Waldorf_education" title="Waldorf education">Waldorf high school</a>.<a href="#cite_note-edu-170">[168]</a> The private education system includes an international school and high school with teaching according to the British curriculum,<a href="#cite_note-172">[170]</a> an English-language kindergarten and <a href="/wiki/Primary_school" title="Primary school">primary school</a>,<a href="#cite_note-173">[171]</a> as well as a <a href="/wiki/Nursery_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Nursery school">nursery</a> and kindergarten with teaching according to the Finnish curriculum.<a href="#cite_note-174">[172]</a> The specificity of pre-university education in Timișoara is the diversity of teaching languages. The city's rich multiethnic tradition has been maintained by the schools with teaching in <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a> (Béla Bartók High School), <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nikolaus_Lenau_High_School" title="Nikolaus Lenau High School">Nikolaus Lenau High School</a>), English (William Shakespeare High School), <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> (Jean-Louis Calderon High School) and <a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a> (Dositej Obradović High School). According to a ranking made by the AdmitereLiceu.ro portal in 2020, five high schools in Timișoara are among the top 100 high schools in Romania: <a href="/wiki/Grigore_Moisil_High_School_(Timi%C8%99oara)" title="Grigore Moisil High School (Timișoara)">Grigore Moisil High School</a>, <a href="/wiki/C._D._Loga_National_College_(Timi%C8%99oara)" class="mw-redirect" title="C. D. Loga National College (Timișoara)">Constantin Diaconovici Loga National College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banat_National_College" title="Banat National College">National College of Banat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carmen_Sylva_National_Pedagogical_College" title="Carmen Sylva National Pedagogical College">Carmen Sylva National Pedagogical College</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nikolaus_Lenau_High_School" title="Nikolaus Lenau High School">Nikolaus Lenau High School</a>.<a href="#cite_note-175">[173]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Liceul_Pedagogic_Carmen_Sylva_Timisoara.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Carmen Sylva National Pedagogical College"><img alt="Carmen Sylva National Pedagogical College" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Liceul_Pedagogic_Carmen_Sylva_Timisoara.jpg/180px-Liceul_Pedagogic_Carmen_Sylva_Timisoara.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Liceul_Pedagogic_Carmen_Sylva_Timisoara.jpg/270px-Liceul_Pedagogic_Carmen_Sylva_Timisoara.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Liceul_Pedagogic_Carmen_Sylva_Timisoara.jpg/360px-Liceul_Pedagogic_Carmen_Sylva_Timisoara.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Carmen_Sylva_National_Pedagogical_College" title="Carmen Sylva National Pedagogical College">Carmen Sylva National Pedagogical College</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Colegiul_CD_Loga_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Constantin Diaconovici Loga National College"><img alt="Constantin Diaconovici Loga National College" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Colegiul_CD_Loga_2016.jpg/320px-Colegiul_CD_Loga_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Colegiul_CD_Loga_2016.jpg/480px-Colegiul_CD_Loga_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Colegiul_CD_Loga_2016.jpg/640px-Colegiul_CD_Loga_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Constantin_Diaconovici_Loga_National_College_(Timi%C8%99oara)" title="Constantin Diaconovici Loga National College (Timișoara)">Constantin Diaconovici Loga National College</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 276.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 274.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Colegiul_National_Banatean_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="National College of Banat"><img alt="National College of Banat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Colegiul_National_Banatean_2017.jpg/412px-Colegiul_National_Banatean_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Colegiul_National_Banatean_2017.jpg/617px-Colegiul_National_Banatean_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Colegiul_National_Banatean_2017.jpg/823px-Colegiul_National_Banatean_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4800" data-file-height="2800" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Banat_National_College" title="Banat National College">National College of Banat</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Nikolaus_Lenau_High_School,_Timi%C8%99oara,_August_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nikolaus Lenau High School"><img alt="Nikolaus Lenau High School" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Nikolaus_Lenau_High_School%2C_Timi%C8%99oara%2C_August_2022.jpg/320px-Nikolaus_Lenau_High_School%2C_Timi%C8%99oara%2C_August_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Nikolaus_Lenau_High_School%2C_Timi%C8%99oara%2C_August_2022.jpg/480px-Nikolaus_Lenau_High_School%2C_Timi%C8%99oara%2C_August_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Nikolaus_Lenau_High_School%2C_Timi%C8%99oara%2C_August_2022.jpg/640px-Nikolaus_Lenau_High_School%2C_Timi%C8%99oara%2C_August_2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Nikolaus_Lenau_High_School" title="Nikolaus Lenau High School">Nikolaus Lenau High School</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Higher_education">Higher education</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Higher education">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:West_University_of_Timisoara_(4).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/West_University_of_Timisoara_%284%29.jpg/200px-West_University_of_Timisoara_%284%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/West_University_of_Timisoara_%284%29.jpg/300px-West_University_of_Timisoara_%284%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/West_University_of_Timisoara_%284%29.jpg/400px-West_University_of_Timisoara_%284%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3147" data-file-height="2303" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/West_University_of_Timi%C8%99oara" title="West University of Timișoara">West University</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Palatul_Lloyd_-_Piata_Victoriei.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Palatul_Lloyd_-_Piata_Victoriei.jpg/200px-Palatul_Lloyd_-_Piata_Victoriei.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Palatul_Lloyd_-_Piata_Victoriei.jpg/300px-Palatul_Lloyd_-_Piata_Victoriei.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Palatul_Lloyd_-_Piata_Victoriei.jpg/400px-Palatul_Lloyd_-_Piata_Victoriei.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3072" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Palace" title="Lloyd Palace">Lloyd Palace</a>, the rectorate of the <a href="/wiki/Politehnica_University_of_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Politehnica University of Timișoara">Polytechnic University</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:UMF_Timi%C8%99oara_(2023_April)_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/UMF_Timi%C8%99oara_%282023_April%29_04.jpg/200px-UMF_Timi%C8%99oara_%282023_April%29_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/UMF_Timi%C8%99oara_%282023_April%29_04.jpg/300px-UMF_Timi%C8%99oara_%282023_April%29_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/UMF_Timi%C8%99oara_%282023_April%29_04.jpg/400px-UMF_Timi%C8%99oara_%282023_April%29_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Victor_Babe%C8%99_University_of_Medicine_and_Pharmacy,_Timi%C8%99oara" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timișoara">Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy</a></div></div></div></div></div> <a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">Higher education</a> has a tradition of over 100 years, with the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Politehnica_University_of_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Politehnica University of Timișoara">Polytechnic University</a> in 1920. From then until today, Timișoara has become the most important university and academic center in western Romania, with about 40,000 students enrolled in <a href="/wiki/Undergraduate_education" title="Undergraduate education">undergraduate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_education" title="Postgraduate education">postgraduate</a> study programs in four <a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">public</a> and two <a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university">private universities</a>.<a href="#cite_note-176">[174]</a> There are branches of the <a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_of_Student_Organizations_in_Romania" title="National Alliance of Student Organizations in Romania">National Alliance of Student Organizations</a> and <a href="/wiki/AIESEC" title="AIESEC">AIESEC</a>. Student organizations are very active, known for events such as StudentFest, the largest international student art and culture festival in Southeast Europe<a href="#cite_note-177">[175]</a> or the ten-day International Student Week.<a href="#cite_note-178">[176]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Politehnica_University_of_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Politehnica University of Timișoara">Polytechnic University</a> is one of the largest and most famous <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_technology" title="Institute of technology">technical universities</a> in Central and Eastern Europe. In 2011 it was classified by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Education_(Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of National Education (Romania)">Ministry of Education</a> in the category of universities of advanced research and education, the highest position that a university in Romania can reach.<a href="#cite_note-179">[177]</a> In the 2018 <a href="/wiki/SCImago_Institutions_Rankings" title="SCImago Institutions Rankings">SCImago Institutions Rankings</a>, the Polytechnic University is on the third place among the Romanian universities with research activity.<a href="#cite_note-180">[178]</a> Established by royal decree in 1944, the <a href="/wiki/West_University_of_Timi%C8%99oara" title="West University of Timișoara">West University</a> is the largest university in the city in terms of student numbers.<a href="#cite_note-181">[179]</a> The West University is one of the five members of the Universitaria Consortium, the group of elite Romanian universities.<a href="#cite_note-182">[180]</a> In 2018, the West University was present in 19 international rankings of universities, one of the top-ranked in Romania.<a href="#cite_note-183">[181]</a> One of the six <a href="/wiki/Medical_school" title="Medical school">medical universities</a> in Romania is located in Timișoara – the <a href="/wiki/Victor_Babe%C8%99_University_of_Medicine_and_Pharmacy,_Timi%C8%99oara" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timișoara">Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-184">[182]</a> The fourth public university in Timișoara, specialized in <a href="/wiki/Life_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Life sciences">life sciences</a> and <a href="/wiki/Veterinary_medicine" title="Veterinary medicine">veterinary medicine</a>, is the <a href="/wiki/King_Michael_I_University_of_Life_Sciences" title="King Michael I University of Life Sciences">King Michael I University of Life Sciences</a>. The student campuses are located in Complexul Studențesc–Medicinei (25 dormitories), Lipovei–Tipografilor (six dormitories) and Blașcovici (two dormitories), offering a total of about 13,000 accommodation places.<a href="#cite_note-185">[183]</a> Complexul Studențesc in particular is known for its <a href="/wiki/Nightlife" title="Nightlife">nightlife</a>, with several <a href="/wiki/Pub" title="Pub">pubs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bistro" title="Bistro">bistros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nightclub" title="Nightclub">nightclubs</a> and themed <a href="/wiki/Bar_(establishment)" title="Bar (establishment)">bars</a> concentrated here. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Biblioteca_Central%C4%83_a_Universit%C4%83%C8%9Bii_Politehnica_Timi%C8%99oara.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Biblioteca_Central%C4%83_a_Universit%C4%83%C8%9Bii_Politehnica_Timi%C8%99oara.jpg/220px-Biblioteca_Central%C4%83_a_Universit%C4%83%C8%9Bii_Politehnica_Timi%C8%99oara.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Biblioteca_Central%C4%83_a_Universit%C4%83%C8%9Bii_Politehnica_Timi%C8%99oara.jpg/330px-Biblioteca_Central%C4%83_a_Universit%C4%83%C8%9Bii_Politehnica_Timi%C8%99oara.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Biblioteca_Central%C4%83_a_Universit%C4%83%C8%9Bii_Politehnica_Timi%C8%99oara.jpg/440px-Biblioteca_Central%C4%83_a_Universit%C4%83%C8%9Bii_Politehnica_Timi%C8%99oara.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3280" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Central_Library_of_Politehnica_University_of_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Central Library of Politehnica University of Timișoara">Central Library of the Polytechnic University</a></figcaption></figure> There are several public <a href="/wiki/Library" title="Library">libraries</a>, municipal or university, most importantly: <ul><li>Library of the Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy, founded in 1946;<a href="#cite_note-186">[184]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Library_of_Politehnica_University_of_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Central Library of Politehnica University of Timișoara">Central Library of the Polytechnic University</a>, hosted between 1947 and 2014 in the ensemble of Piarist Gymnasium;<a href="#cite_note-187">[185]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugen_Todoran_Central_University_Library" title="Eugen Todoran Central University Library">Eugen Todoran Central University Library</a>, with a book fund of over one million volumes;<a href="#cite_note-188">[186]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorin_Titel_County_Library" title="Sorin Titel County Library">Sorin Titel County Library</a>, founded in 1904.<a href="#cite_note-189">[187]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scientific_research">Scientific research</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Scientific research">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LERF_Timisoara_RO_2018_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/LERF_Timisoara_RO_2018_1.jpg/220px-LERF_Timisoara_RO_2018_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/LERF_Timisoara_RO_2018_1.jpg/330px-LERF_Timisoara_RO_2018_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/LERF_Timisoara_RO_2018_1.jpg/440px-LERF_Timisoara_RO_2018_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>The Renewable Energy–Photovoltaic Laboratory within the <abbr title="National Research and Development Institute for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter">INCEMC</abbr></figcaption></figure> Several institutes operate within the Timișoara branch of the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Academy" title="Romanian Academy">Romanian Academy</a>: the National R&D Institute for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, the National R&D Institute for Welding and Materials Testing, the Titu Maiorescu Institute of Banat Studies, the Coriolan Drăgulescu Institute of Chemistry and the Astronomical Observatory.<a href="#cite_note-190">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[189]</a> In the patrimony of the <a href="/wiki/West_University_of_Timi%C8%99oara" title="West University of Timișoara">West University</a> there are several research centers, such as: the Institute of Advanced Environmental Research, the Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen Interdisciplinary Training and Research Platform, the Creation Center of Contemporary Visual Arts, the Research Laboratory in Structural and Computational Chemistry–Physics for Nanosciences and QSAR, the Research Center in Criminal Sciences, the East European Center for Research in Economics and Business, the Center for Romance Studies, the Research Center in Computer Sciences, the Center for Social Research and Development, the Institute of Socio-Political Research, etc.<a href="#cite_note-192">[190]</a> Also in Timișoara there are branches of the Academy of Medical Sciences<a href="#cite_note-193">[191]</a> and the Academy of Technical Sciences,<a href="#cite_note-194">[192]</a> respectively. The first <a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">computer</a> built in Romania (1961) was put into operation within the Polytechnic Institute of Timișoara, nowadays the <a href="/wiki/Politehnica_University_of_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Politehnica University of Timișoara">Polytechnic University</a>. It was called <a href="/wiki/MECIPT" title="MECIPT">MECIPT</a>, an acronym for "Electronic Computing Machine of the Polytechnic Institute of Timișoara" (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: Mașina Electronică de Calcul a Institutului Politehnic din Timișoara).<a href="#cite_note-195">[193]</a> Its design was started in 1956 by a team led by mathematician Iosif Kaufmann, electronic engineer Wilhelm Löwenfeld and student Vasile Baltac.<a href="#cite_note-196">[194]</a> Out of the 1,700 members of the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Academy" title="Romanian Academy">Romanian Academy</a>, from 1866 until 2016, 102 members come or have worked in Banat and the surrounding areas.<a href="#cite_note-197">[195]</a> Among them are <a href="/wiki/Traian_Vuia" title="Traian Vuia">Traian Vuia</a>, the inventor of the first tractor <a href="/wiki/Monoplane" title="Monoplane">monoplane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Traian_Lalescu" title="Traian Lalescu">Traian Lalescu</a>, one of the fathers of <a href="/wiki/Integral_equation" title="Integral equation">integral equations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dumitru_Prunariu" title="Dumitru Prunariu">Dumitru Prunariu</a>, the first Romanian to fly in space and <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Hell" title="Stefan Hell">Stefan Hell</a>, winner of the 2014 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a>. In the second half of May, biannually, the Timișoara branch of the Romanian Academy organizes, collaborating and involving the local academic, cultural and scientific community, the Timișoara Academic Days.<a href="#cite_note-198">[196]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Healthcare">Healthcare</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Healthcare">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spitalul_Clinic_Jude%C8%9Bean_de_Urgen%C8%9B%C4%83_%E2%80%9EPius_Br%C3%AEnzeu%E2%80%9D_din_Timi%C8%99oara_(2023)_-_img_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Spitalul_Clinic_Jude%C8%9Bean_de_Urgen%C8%9B%C4%83_%E2%80%9EPius_Br%C3%AEnzeu%E2%80%9D_din_Timi%C8%99oara_%282023%29_-_img_02.jpg/220px-Spitalul_Clinic_Jude%C8%9Bean_de_Urgen%C8%9B%C4%83_%E2%80%9EPius_Br%C3%AEnzeu%E2%80%9D_din_Timi%C8%99oara_%282023%29_-_img_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Spitalul_Clinic_Jude%C8%9Bean_de_Urgen%C8%9B%C4%83_%E2%80%9EPius_Br%C3%AEnzeu%E2%80%9D_din_Timi%C8%99oara_%282023%29_-_img_02.jpg/330px-Spitalul_Clinic_Jude%C8%9Bean_de_Urgen%C8%9B%C4%83_%E2%80%9EPius_Br%C3%AEnzeu%E2%80%9D_din_Timi%C8%99oara_%282023%29_-_img_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Spitalul_Clinic_Jude%C8%9Bean_de_Urgen%C8%9B%C4%83_%E2%80%9EPius_Br%C3%AEnzeu%E2%80%9D_din_Timi%C8%99oara_%282023%29_-_img_02.jpg/440px-Spitalul_Clinic_Jude%C8%9Bean_de_Urgen%C8%9B%C4%83_%E2%80%9EPius_Br%C3%AEnzeu%E2%80%9D_din_Timi%C8%99oara_%282023%29_-_img_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>The County Emergency Clinical Hospital</figcaption></figure> Due to the specialized university programs, Timișoara is a research center in the fields of medicine and public health; there are branches of the Academy of Medical Sciences and the Student Society of Surgery, the headquarters of the Romanian Hemophilia Association,<a href="#cite_note-199">[197]</a> the Romanian Society of Medical Informatics<a href="#cite_note-200">[198]</a> and the Romanian Society of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology,<a href="#cite_note-201">[199]</a> as well as the regional training center in <a href="/wiki/Emergency_medicine" title="Emergency medicine">emergency medicine</a>, operated by <a href="/wiki/SMURD" title="SMURD">SMURD</a>. In Timișoara there are eight hospitals, seven <a href="/wiki/Public_hospital" title="Public hospital">publicly owned</a> and one <a href="/wiki/Private_hospital" title="Private hospital">private</a>:<a href="#cite_note-202">[200]</a> <ul><li>Pius Brînzeu County Emergency Clinical Hospital (included by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Health (Romania)">Ministry of Health</a> in the first class of competence);<a href="#cite_note-ms-203">[201]</a></li> <li>Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (first class);<a href="#cite_note-ms-203">[201]</a></li> <li>Municipal Emergency Clinical Hospital;</li> <li>Louis Țurcanu Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children;</li> <li>Victor Babeș Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases and Pneumophtisiology;</li> <li>Victor Popescu Military Emergency Clinical Hospital;</li> <li>CF Clinical Hospital;</li> <li>Première Hospital (the largest private hospital in western Romania, owned by Regina Maria health network).<a href="#cite_note-204">[202]</a></li></ul> There are also: six integrated specialized <a href="/wiki/Outpatient_clinic" class="mw-redirect" title="Outpatient clinic">outpatient clinics</a> (four public and two private); three <a href="/wiki/Ambulance" title="Ambulance">ambulance</a> services (one public and two private); 494 <a href="/wiki/Dental_office" class="mw-redirect" title="Dental office">dental offices</a>; 229 <a href="/wiki/Family_medicine" title="Family medicine">family medicine</a> offices; 138 specialized offices; seven medical expertise offices and 24 work capacity recovery offices; 39 school <a href="/wiki/Dispensary" title="Dispensary">dispensaries</a>; 11 student dispensaries; a sports dispensary; 63 <a href="/wiki/Pharmacy" title="Pharmacy">pharmacies</a> and 32 pharmaceutical warehouses.<a href="#cite_note-social-75">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Infrastructure">edit</a>]</div> Timișoara is an important regional <a href="/wiki/Transport_hub" title="Transport hub">road and railway hub</a>, connecting the city to <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a> and other major cities, as well as Romania to Hungary and <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, and further to <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a>. It is located along the <a href="/wiki/Pan-European_Corridor_IV" title="Pan-European Corridor IV">Pan-European Corridor IV</a> linking Germany to Turkey and has access, thanks to the <a href="/wiki/Bega_Canal" title="Bega Canal">Bega Canal</a>, to the Pan-European Corridor VII.<a href="#cite_note-trace-128">[126]</a> Furthermore, Timișoara is crossed by two <a href="/wiki/TEN-T" class="mw-redirect" title="TEN-T">TEN-T</a> core network corridors: <a href="/wiki/Orient/East%E2%80%93Med_Corridor" title="Orient/East–Med Corridor">Orient/East–Med</a> and Rhine–Danube (waterway focus).<a href="#cite_note-205">[203]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road_transport">Road transport</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Road transport">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A1_Arad-Timisoara_-_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/A1_Arad-Timisoara_-_01.JPG/220px-A1_Arad-Timisoara_-_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/A1_Arad-Timisoara_-_01.JPG/330px-A1_Arad-Timisoara_-_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/A1_Arad-Timisoara_-_01.JPG/440px-A1_Arad-Timisoara_-_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/A1_motorway_(Romania)" title="A1 motorway (Romania)">A1 motorway</a> near Timișoara</figcaption></figure> The street plot of Timișoara is composed of 1,278 streets totaling almost 750 km (470 mi).<a href="#cite_note-206">[204]</a> The street network is based on a radial model, consolidated by a series of five concentric rings, none of them completely built. Unlike other cities of similar size, there is no predominant corridor in terms of loading, with traffic volumes distributed fairly evenly across a series of radial and circular arteries.<a href="#cite_note-pmud-207">[205]</a> The shape of the road network outside the city is web-like, all the main roads in the county converging towards the capital city. In the northern part of the city there is a <a href="/wiki/Bypass_(road)" title="Bypass (road)">bypass</a>; its southern extension is currently under construction.<a href="#cite_note-208">[206]</a> The city is crossed in the northeast by the <a href="/wiki/A1_motorway_(Romania)" title="A1 motorway (Romania)">A1 motorway</a>, a segment that continues with the <a href="/wiki/M43_motorway_(Hungary)" title="M43 motorway (Hungary)">M43 motorway</a> in Hungary. The A1 is connected near <a href="/wiki/Lugoj" title="Lugoj">Lugoj</a> to the <a href="/wiki/A6_motorway_(Romania)" title="A6 motorway (Romania)">A6 motorway</a>, which is under construction.<a href="#cite_note-209">[207]</a> Timișoara is connected to the <a href="/wiki/International_E-road_network" title="International E-road network">European</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roads_in_Romania" title="Roads in Romania">national road network</a> by the following roads: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_route_E70" title="European route E70">European route E70</a> – to the border with <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Moravi%C8%9Ba" title="Moravița">Moravița</a> customs;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_route_E671" title="European route E671">European route E671</a> Timișoara–<a href="/wiki/Satu_Mare" title="Satu Mare">Satu Mare</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DN6" title="DN6">national road 6</a> – to the border with Hungary through <a href="/wiki/Cenad" title="Cenad">Cenad</a> customs;</li> <li>national road 59 – with branch DN59A, to the border with <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> through <a href="/wiki/Jimbolia" title="Jimbolia">Jimbolia</a> customs;</li> <li>national road 69 Timișoara–<a href="/wiki/Arad,_Romania" title="Arad, Romania">Arad</a>.</li></ul> Locally, car transport experienced a boom after 1990, so that in 2017 the degree of <a href="/wiki/Motorization" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorization">motorization</a> in Timișoara was among the highest in Romania, with one car for every 2.66 inhabitants.<a href="#cite_note-210">[208]</a> Timișoara has one of the most extensive infrastructures for charging <a href="/wiki/Electric_car" title="Electric car">electric cars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plug-in_hybrid" title="Plug-in hybrid">plug-in hybrids</a> in Romania, with 16 stations located throughout the city<a href="#cite_note-211">[209]</a> and a hub in 700 Square.<a href="#cite_note-212">[210]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Distances_by_road">Distances by road</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Distances by road">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arad,_Romania" title="Arad, Romania">Arad</a>: 60 km (37 mi);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>: 148 km (92 mi);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>: 545 km (339 mi);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>: 289 km (180 mi);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cluj-Napoca" title="Cluj-Napoca">Cluj-Napoca</a>: 316 km (196 mi);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a>: 149 km (93 mi);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szeged" title="Szeged">Szeged</a>: 117 km (73 mi);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a>: 744 km (462 mi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>: 553 km (344 mi).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_transport">Public transport</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Public transport">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Timi%C5%9Doaro,_flughavena_buso_E4,_1.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Timi%C5%9Doaro%2C_flughavena_buso_E4%2C_1.jpeg/200px-Timi%C5%9Doaro%2C_flughavena_buso_E4%2C_1.jpeg" decoding="async" width="200" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Timi%C5%9Doaro%2C_flughavena_buso_E4%2C_1.jpeg/300px-Timi%C5%9Doaro%2C_flughavena_buso_E4%2C_1.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Timi%C5%9Doaro%2C_flughavena_buso_E4%2C_1.jpeg/400px-Timi%C5%9Doaro%2C_flughavena_buso_E4%2C_1.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2192" data-file-height="1712" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Timi%C5%9Doaro,_%C5%9Ckoda-trolebuso_en_b_Regele_Ferdinand_I,_1.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Timi%C5%9Doaro%2C_%C5%9Ckoda-trolebuso_en_b_Regele_Ferdinand_I%2C_1.jpeg/200px-Timi%C5%9Doaro%2C_%C5%9Ckoda-trolebuso_en_b_Regele_Ferdinand_I%2C_1.jpeg" decoding="async" width="200" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Timi%C5%9Doaro%2C_%C5%9Ckoda-trolebuso_en_b_Regele_Ferdinand_I%2C_1.jpeg/300px-Timi%C5%9Doaro%2C_%C5%9Ckoda-trolebuso_en_b_Regele_Ferdinand_I%2C_1.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Timi%C5%9Doaro%2C_%C5%9Ckoda-trolebuso_en_b_Regele_Ferdinand_I%2C_1.jpeg/400px-Timi%C5%9Doaro%2C_%C5%9Ckoda-trolebuso_en_b_Regele_Ferdinand_I%2C_1.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2608" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Temeswar,_Armonia-Tram,_1.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Temeswar%2C_Armonia-Tram%2C_1.jpeg/200px-Temeswar%2C_Armonia-Tram%2C_1.jpeg" decoding="async" width="200" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Temeswar%2C_Armonia-Tram%2C_1.jpeg/300px-Temeswar%2C_Armonia-Tram%2C_1.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Temeswar%2C_Armonia-Tram%2C_1.jpeg/400px-Temeswar%2C_Armonia-Tram%2C_1.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3248" data-file-height="2656" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Bus, <a href="/wiki/Trolleybus" title="Trolleybus">trolleybus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">tram</a> in characteristic white and purple</div></div></div></div> Timișoara's public transport network consists of nine <a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">tram</a> lines, eight <a href="/wiki/Trolleybus" title="Trolleybus">trolleybus</a> lines and 31 bus lines and is operated by <a href="/wiki/STPT_(transport_operator)" title="STPT (transport operator)">STPT (Societatea de Transport Public Timișoara)</a>.<a href="#cite_note-213">[211]</a> The network covers all the important areas of the city and it also connects Timișoara with some of the communes of the metropolitan area. 45% of urban public transport is served by trams, 22% by trolleybuses, 18% by buses and the remaining 15% by <a href="/wiki/Water_bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Water bus">water buses</a> and alternative means of transport.<a href="#cite_note-214">[212]</a> In 2019, Timișoara became the second city in Romania to introduce public school transport, after <a href="/wiki/Cluj-Napoca" title="Cluj-Napoca">Cluj-Napoca</a>;<a href="#cite_note-215">[213]</a> as of 2020, it is served by 14 lines.<a href="#cite_note-216">[214]</a> Timișoara has a well-developed market for taxi services.<a href="#cite_note-217">[215]</a> There are also several <a href="/wiki/Car_rental" title="Car rental">car rental</a> companies.<a href="#cite_note-218">[216]</a> Alternatively, short- and long-distance <a href="/wiki/Carpooling" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpooling">carpooling</a> platforms operate in Timișoara, such as <a href="/wiki/Uber" title="Uber">Uber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolt_(company)" title="Bolt (company)">Bolt</a> or <a href="/wiki/BlaBlaCar" title="BlaBlaCar">BlaBlaCar</a>. For internal <a href="/wiki/Coach_(bus)" title="Coach (bus)">coach</a> transport there are several coach stations, most located around the <a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara_North_railway_station" title="Timișoara North railway station">Timișoara North railway station</a> and on Stan Vidrighin Way.<a href="#cite_note-219">[217]</a> There are also daily coach trips to destinations in Europe, served by private passenger transport companies, such as Atlassib, <a href="/wiki/Eurolines" title="Eurolines">Eurolines</a> or <a href="/wiki/Flixbus" class="mw-redirect" title="Flixbus">Flixbus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-220">[218]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail_transport">Rail transport</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Rail transport">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gara_Timi%C8%99oara_Nord_(April_2023).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Gara_Timi%C8%99oara_Nord_%28April_2023%29.jpg/220px-Gara_Timi%C8%99oara_Nord_%28April_2023%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Gara_Timi%C8%99oara_Nord_%28April_2023%29.jpg/330px-Gara_Timi%C8%99oara_Nord_%28April_2023%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Gara_Timi%C8%99oara_Nord_%28April_2023%29.jpg/440px-Gara_Timi%C8%99oara_Nord_%28April_2023%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara_North_railway_station" title="Timișoara North railway station">Timișoara North railway station</a></figcaption></figure> Timișoara has the oldest and the densest railway network in Romania, with over 91.9 km (57.1 mi) of lines for 1,000 km2 (390 sq mi) of territory, although some of the components are no longer operational due to low demand and lack of maintenance.<a href="#cite_note-trace-128">[126]</a> Therefore, Timișoara is the most important rail hub in Timiș County and in western Romania. Most of the railway lines that intersect in Timișoara are secondary lines; the most important are <a href="/wiki/C%C4%83ile_Ferate_Rom%C3%A2ne_Line_900" title="Căile Ferate Române Line 900">line 900</a> from <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>, with international connections to <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> and the main line Timișoara–<a href="/wiki/Arad,_Romania" title="Arad, Romania">Arad</a>–<a href="/wiki/Oradea" title="Oradea">Oradea</a>, which ensures the connection with <a href="/wiki/C%C4%83ile_Ferate_Rom%C3%A2ne_Line_200" title="Căile Ferate Române Line 200">line 200</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bra%C8%99ov" title="Brașov">Brașov</a>–<a href="/wiki/Sibiu" title="Sibiu">Sibiu</a>–<a href="/wiki/Arad,_Romania" title="Arad, Romania">Arad</a>–<a href="/wiki/Curtici" title="Curtici">Curtici</a>) and, implicitly, with Hungary.<a href="#cite_note-social-75">[75]</a> The city has five <a href="/wiki/Railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway station">stations</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara_North_railway_station" title="Timișoara North railway station">Timișoara North</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara_West_railway_station" title="Timișoara West railway station">Timișoara West</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara_South_railway_station" title="Timișoara South railway station">Timișoara South</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara_East_railway_station" title="Timișoara East railway station">Timișoara East</a> and Timișoara CET) and a triage station (Ronaț Triaj). The main passenger station is <a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara_North_railway_station" title="Timișoara North railway station">Timișoara North</a>, built in 1897 and undergoing extensive rehabilitation since 2021.<a href="#cite_note-221">[219]</a> The old station building, built in <a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism" title="Neoclassicism">neoclassical style</a>, was badly damaged by the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> bombing of 1944, so it was rebuilt in <a href="/wiki/Stalinist_architecture" title="Stalinist architecture">socialist classical style</a>.<a href="#cite_note-222">[220]</a> Timișoara North is one of the busiest stations in Romania, with an average of 174 passenger trains/day and a flow of 5,530 passengers/day.<a href="#cite_note-223">[221]</a> Although the nature of freight traffic has changed, decreasing the requirement for maneuvering and recomposing trains, Timișoara is an important center for <a href="/wiki/Rail_freight_transport" title="Rail freight transport">rail freight transport</a>; there are several large industrial concerns that receive and ship goods by train.<a href="#cite_note-pmud-207">[205]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air_transport">Air transport</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Air transport">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Timisoara-airport-romania-march-2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Timisoara-airport-romania-march-2017.jpg/220px-Timisoara-airport-romania-march-2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Timisoara-airport-romania-march-2017.jpg/330px-Timisoara-airport-romania-march-2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Timisoara-airport-romania-march-2017.jpg/440px-Timisoara-airport-romania-march-2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3031" data-file-height="2273" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara_Traian_Vuia_International_Airport" title="Timișoara Traian Vuia International Airport">Traian Vuia International Airport</a></figcaption></figure> Located 12 km (7.5 mi) from Timișoara, in the northeastern part of the city, <a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara_Traian_Vuia_International_Airport" title="Timișoara Traian Vuia International Airport">Traian Vuia International Airport</a> is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_busiest_airports_in_Romania" title="List of the busiest airports in Romania">fourth-busiest Romanian airport</a> in terms of passenger numbers (~1.2 million in 2022)<a href="#cite_note-224">[222]</a> and the most important air hub in the <a href="/wiki/Danube%E2%80%93Cri%C8%99%E2%80%93Mure%C8%99%E2%80%93Tisa_Euroregion" title="Danube–Criș–Mureș–Tisa Euroregion">DKMT Euroregion</a>. In 2017, it became the first airport in Romania certified by <a href="/wiki/European_Aviation_Safety_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="European Aviation Safety Agency">EASA</a>.<a href="#cite_note-225">[223]</a> In 2018, Traian Vuia International Airport attracted 15.1% of the total number of passengers embarked at Romanian airports, 32.8% of the total tons of goods loaded and 13.2% of the total number of flights.<a href="#cite_note-226">[224]</a> Traian Vuia International Airport serves as an operational base for <a href="/wiki/Wizz_Air" title="Wizz Air">Wizz Air</a>. As of 2021, the airport is undergoing expansion works, by adding two terminals – internal arrivals and external departures – and creating an intermodal center for freight transport.<a href="#cite_note-227">[225]</a> The city's first airport, the <a href="/wiki/Cioca_Airfield" title="Cioca Airfield">Cioca Airfield</a>, had remained in use for recreational and utility aviation.<a href="#cite_note-228">[226]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water_transport">Water transport</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Water transport">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Timi%C8%99oara_Bega_water_transport.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Timi%C8%99oara_Bega_water_transport.jpg/150px-Timi%C8%99oara_Bega_water_transport.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Timi%C8%99oara_Bega_water_transport.jpg/225px-Timi%C8%99oara_Bega_water_transport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Timi%C8%99oara_Bega_water_transport.jpg/300px-Timi%C8%99oara_Bega_water_transport.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>Vaporetto and canoes on the Bega</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Bega_Canal" title="Bega Canal">Bega Canal</a> is the first navigable canal built in Romania, connecting Timișoara with the Serbian town of <a href="/wiki/Titel" title="Titel">Titel</a>. Its total navigable length was 114 km (71 mi), of which 33 km (21 mi) on the Romanian territory.<a href="#cite_note-229">[227]</a> In 2018, repair works were started on the navigation infrastructure of the Bega Canal, which would allow the resumption of naval traffic between Timișoara and <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, halted in 1967.<a href="#cite_note-230">[228]</a> Since 2018, Timișoara is the first Romanian city with urban public transport by water, made with <a href="/wiki/Vaporetto" title="Vaporetto">vaporetto</a>-like boats on a single line with six stations.<a href="#cite_note-231">[229]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alternative_transport">Alternative transport</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Alternative transport">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VeloTM_Timi%C8%99oara_station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/VeloTM_Timi%C8%99oara_station.jpg/150px-VeloTM_Timi%C8%99oara_station.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/VeloTM_Timi%C8%99oara_station.jpg/225px-VeloTM_Timi%C8%99oara_station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/VeloTM_Timi%C8%99oara_station.jpg/300px-VeloTM_Timi%C8%99oara_station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>VeloTM bike sharing station in Timișoara</figcaption></figure> Timișoara has the most developed integrated cycling system in Romania. Cyclists have access to more than 100 km (62 mi) of <a href="/wiki/Bike_lane" title="Bike lane">bike lanes</a>,<a href="#cite_note-232">[230]</a> including 37 km (23 mi) outside the city via the Bega Canal cycle path, which connects Romania with Serbia,<a href="#cite_note-233">[231]</a> providing a direct connection to the European network of cycling routes – <a href="/wiki/EuroVelo" title="EuroVelo">EuroVelo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-234">[232]</a> Timișoara is the first city in Romania with a public <a href="/wiki/Bicycle-sharing_system" title="Bicycle-sharing system">bike-sharing system</a>, VeloTM, inaugurated in 2015. The system has 440 bicycles in the 25 stations in the city<a href="#cite_note-235">[233]</a> and, depending on the season, is accessed by 1,000–1,500 people daily. In 2019 Timișoara introduced public transport with <a href="/wiki/Motorized_scooter" title="Motorized scooter">electric scooters</a>.<a href="#cite_note-236">[234]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Architecture">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:154px;max-width:154px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader"><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> 20th-century palaces in Timișoara</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Palatul_Miksa_Steiner,_Cetate,_Timisoara.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Palatul_Miksa_Steiner%2C_Cetate%2C_Timisoara.jpg/150px-Palatul_Miksa_Steiner%2C_Cetate%2C_Timisoara.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Palatul_Miksa_Steiner%2C_Cetate%2C_Timisoara.jpg/225px-Palatul_Miksa_Steiner%2C_Cetate%2C_Timisoara.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Palatul_Miksa_Steiner%2C_Cetate%2C_Timisoara.jpg/300px-Palatul_Miksa_Steiner%2C_Cetate%2C_Timisoara.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2820" data-file-height="3755" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Steiner Palace (former Discount Bank)</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Casa_Agoston_Galgon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Casa_Agoston_Galgon.jpg/150px-Casa_Agoston_Galgon.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Casa_Agoston_Galgon.jpg/225px-Casa_Agoston_Galgon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Casa_Agoston_Galgon.jpg/300px-Casa_Agoston_Galgon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3451" data-file-height="4604" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Gálgon Palace ("Rooster Building")</div></div></div></div></div> Timișoara has the largest architectural ensemble of historic buildings in Romania (around 14,500),<a href="#cite_note-statut-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-237">[235]</a> consisting of the urban patrimony of the neighborhoods of Cetate, Fabric, Iosefin and Elisabetin.<a href="#cite_note-ideal-238">[236]</a> Most of these buildings are part of the imperial heritage, a period of economic prosperity that left its mark on the city.<a href="#cite_note-cultural-239">[237]</a> The architectural diversity, represented by <a href="/wiki/Baroque_architecture" title="Baroque architecture">baroque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Historicism_(art)" title="Historicism (art)">historicism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">neoclassicism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wiener_Secession" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiener Secession">Wiener Secession</a>, earned Timișoara the nickname "Little Vienna".<a href="#cite_note-240">[238]</a> The oldest building in Timișoara is <a href="/wiki/Huniade_Castle" title="Huniade Castle">Huniade Castle</a>, which today houses the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Banat" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of Banat">Museum of Banat</a>. Destroyed during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Temesv%C3%A1r_(1849)" title="Siege of Temesvár (1849)">siege of 1849</a>, the castle was later rebuilt, but still retains elements of the former castle built by <a href="/wiki/John_Hunyadi" title="John Hunyadi">John Hunyadi</a> between 1443 and 1447, but also elements from the period of <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Hungary" title="Charles I of Hungary">Charles I of Hungary</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ideal-238">[236]</a> Timișoara is a city with a polynuclear urban structure. The current urban structure, the result of historical evolution, is relatively clear: in the middle of the urban agglomeration is the historic center (Cetate neighborhood) around which the other neighborhoods revolve. Due to their independent development, they have distinct features both functionally and architecturally.<a href="#cite_note-241">[239]</a> The center of today's Timișoara is the "successor" of the Austrian military fortress built mostly between 1732 and 1761.<a href="#cite_note-242">[240]</a> Today, only a few parts of the old city wall remain standing, namely the <a href="/wiki/Theresia_Bastion" title="Theresia Bastion">Theresia Bastion</a> in the east and a few others which are located on the western limit of the old city wall.<a href="#cite_note-243">[241]</a> These were later listed as part of the architectural heritage of Timișoara. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historic_neighborhoods">Historic neighborhoods</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Historic neighborhoods">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cetate">Cetate</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Cetate">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Timfloralis_in_Piata_Unirii_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Timfloralis_in_Piata_Unirii_%283%29.jpg/200px-Timfloralis_in_Piata_Unirii_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Timfloralis_in_Piata_Unirii_%283%29.jpg/300px-Timfloralis_in_Piata_Unirii_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Timfloralis_in_Piata_Unirii_%283%29.jpg/400px-Timfloralis_in_Piata_Unirii_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Union_Square,_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Union Square, Timișoara">Union Square</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Festivalul_Florilor_TimFloralis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Festivalul_Florilor_TimFloralis.jpg/200px-Festivalul_Florilor_TimFloralis.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Festivalul_Florilor_TimFloralis.jpg/300px-Festivalul_Florilor_TimFloralis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Festivalul_Florilor_TimFloralis.jpg/400px-Festivalul_Florilor_TimFloralis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Victory_Square,_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Victory Square, Timișoara">Victory Square</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_City_Hall_of_Timisoara_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Old_City_Hall_of_Timisoara_%281%29.jpg/200px-Old_City_Hall_of_Timisoara_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Old_City_Hall_of_Timisoara_%281%29.jpg/300px-Old_City_Hall_of_Timisoara_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Old_City_Hall_of_Timisoara_%281%29.jpg/400px-Old_City_Hall_of_Timisoara_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5754" data-file-height="2713" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Square,_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Liberty Square, Timișoara">Liberty Square</a></div></div></div></div></div> The Cetate neighborhood, the political, administrative and cultural center of Timișoara, is divided into two distinct urban areas. The first area is the "inner city" of the 18th and 19th centuries.<a href="#cite_note-protejate-244">[242]</a> The whole area has the status of <a href="/wiki/Heritage_site" class="mw-redirect" title="Heritage site">heritage site</a>.<a href="#cite_note-245">[243]</a> The area houses the oldest buildings of the city, dating from the 18th century.<a href="#cite_note-opris-246">[244]</a> The second area was established after 1900 on the lands liberated by the demolition of the fortifications.<a href="#cite_note-protejate-244">[242]</a> Construction in this area followed the trend at the time, the <a href="/wiki/Fin_de_si%C3%A8cle" title="Fin de siècle">fin de siècle</a> style. The Secessionist school of Banat was influenced by both Austrian and Hungarian styles, resulting from the direct participation of some architects from <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a> on various representative buildings.<a href="#cite_note-aner-247">[245]</a> This style underwent two different stages: the first occurred approximately between 1900 and 1908 and was similar to <a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a>, with floral and curvilinear decorations, while the second, which continued until <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, saw simpler, larger buildings with geometrical designs, similar to Viennese architecture at the time.<a href="#cite_note-aner-247">[245]</a> Due to the fact that secessionism existed in Timișoara only between 1900 and 1914, its influence on more modest buildings was not as strong as that of <a href="/wiki/Eclecticism" title="Eclecticism">eclecticism</a>. If eclecticism became a true art of the masses, used in all buildings, secessionism remained a style of the elites, which penetrated Banat through cult architecture.<a href="#cite_note-secession-248">[246]</a> The historic center of Timișoara has a system consisting of three urban squares, unique in Romania, each square presenting different sizes, plastic solutions and architectural styles.<a href="#cite_note-piete-249">[247]</a> <a href="/wiki/Union_Square,_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Union Square, Timișoara">Union Square</a> (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: Piața Unirii), built in <a href="/wiki/Baroque_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Baroque style">baroque style</a>, is the oldest square in Timișoara. It is also called Dome Square (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: Piața Domului), because it houses the <a href="/wiki/St._George%27s_Cathedral,_Timi%C8%99oara" class="mw-redirect" title="St. George's Cathedral, Timișoara">Roman Catholic Dome</a>, built in 1774.<a href="#cite_note-piete-249">[247]</a> The middle of the square is dominated by the Plague Column. On the southern side of the square is the Baroque Palace, designed after the <a href="/wiki/Palais_Kinsky" title="Palais Kinsky">Palais Kinsky</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, which today houses the Art Museum.<a href="#cite_note-strutz-2">[2]</a> On the western side are the Serbian Orthodox Cathedral and the Serbian Orthodox Episcopal Palace, representative of the <a href="/wiki/Serbo-Byzantine_Revival_architecture" title="Serbo-Byzantine Revival architecture">neo-Serbian style</a>.<a href="#cite_note-250">[248]</a> <a href="/wiki/Victory_Square,_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Victory Square, Timișoara">Victory Square</a> (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: Piața Victoriei), also known as the Opera Square (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: Piața Operei), is the central square of Timișoara. The entire square was designed by the then chief architect László Székely, educated in Budapest, but a great admirer of Austrian architecture.<a href="#cite_note-251">[249]</a> The square was completely pedestrianized in the late 1980s, with the removal of tram rails.<a href="#cite_note-piete-249">[247]</a> Spatially, the square stretches between the <a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara_Orthodox_Cathedral" title="Timișoara Orthodox Cathedral">Metropolitan Cathedral</a> and the Palace of Culture which houses the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_National_Opera,_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Romanian National Opera, Timișoara">National Theater and Opera</a>. Although built around the same time, the two belong to diametrically opposed styles. The Opera building was built in <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_architecture" title="Renaissance architecture">Renaissance style</a>. Today, only its sides retain this style, the facade rebuilt after a fire in the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Revival_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Revival architecture">neo-Byzantine style</a> characteristic of Romanian interwar architecture.<a href="#cite_note-opera-252">[250]</a> The Metropolitan Cathedral is the largest religious building in Timișoara and the second tallest church in Romania, after the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Salvation_Cathedral" title="People's Salvation Cathedral">People's Salvation Cathedral</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>. It stands out for its massiveness, having no less than 11 <a href="/wiki/Bell_tower" title="Bell tower">bell towers</a> and architectural style, unusual for a 20th-century building, inspired by the architecture of <a href="/wiki/Churches_of_Moldavia" title="Churches of Moldavia">Moldavian monasteries</a>.<a href="#cite_note-253">[251]</a> The promenade side from the Opera to the cathedral is called Corso and houses several 1900s style palaces (Lloyd, Neuhaus, Merbl, Dauerbach, Hilt and Széchenyi); the opposite side, Surogat, houses two palaces (Löffler and Chamber of Commerce) and several <a href="/wiki/Modern_architecture" title="Modern architecture">modernist</a> blocks of flats.<a href="#cite_note-protejate-244">[242]</a> In the middle of the square are the statue of the <a href="/wiki/Capitoline_Wolf" title="Capitoline Wolf">Capitoline Wolf</a> and the fountain with fish. To the north of Victory Square is <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Square,_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Liberty Square, Timișoara">Liberty Square</a> (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: Piața Libertății). Formerly called the Parade Square (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: Piața de Paradă), the square houses several buildings with military functions: the Garrison Command, former Chancellery of War, the Military Casino, etc.<a href="#cite_note-piete-249">[247]</a> The Military Casino is built in baroque style with some <a href="/wiki/Rococo" title="Rococo">Rococo</a> influences.<a href="#cite_note-254">[252]</a> The other buildings are in the <a href="/wiki/Classicism" title="Classicism">classic style</a>, in the 1900s style – <a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">szecesszió movement</a> and in other styles. Liberty Square is the pedestrian link between Union Square and Victory Square. In the extension of the Liberty Square there is a smaller square, <a href="/wiki/St._George_Square,_Timi%C8%99oara" title="St. George Square, Timișoara">St. George Square</a> (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: Piața Sfântul Gheorghe), known in the past as Seminar Square (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: Piața Seminarului). Its eastern side was formed by the Jesuit Church,<a href="#cite_note-255">[253]</a> transformed into a mosque during the Ottoman occupation<a href="#cite_note-256">[254]</a> and demolished during the modernization works provided in the urbanistic plan of 1911 (in its place was built the Szana Bank).<a href="#cite_note-protejate-244">[242]</a> The walls of the former church were brought to the surface in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-257">[255]</a> The square is dominated by the equestrian statue of <a href="/wiki/Saint_George" title="Saint George">Saint George</a> fighting the dragon, built in 1996.<a href="#cite_note-sf-gheorghe-258">[256]</a> It is one of several monuments erected in the 1990s in parts of the city where people were killed during the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Revolution">Romanian Revolution</a>. In this square, the first horse-drawn tram was set in motion in July 1869.<a href="#cite_note-sf-gheorghe-258">[256]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fabric">Fabric</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Fabric">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:443px;max-width:443px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:216px;max-width:216px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Piata_Traian_-_panoramio_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Piata_Traian_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/214px-Piata_Traian_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Piata_Traian_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/321px-Piata_Traian_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Piata_Traian_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/428px-Piata_Traian_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="3216" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:120px;max-width:120px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Timisoara,_Mercur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Timisoara%2C_Mercur.jpg/118px-Timisoara%2C_Mercur.jpg" decoding="async" width="118" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Timisoara%2C_Mercur.jpg/177px-Timisoara%2C_Mercur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Timisoara%2C_Mercur.jpg/236px-Timisoara%2C_Mercur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:101px;max-width:101px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Timisoara,_biserica_Millennium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Timisoara%2C_biserica_Millennium.jpg/99px-Timisoara%2C_biserica_Millennium.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Timisoara%2C_biserica_Millennium.jpg/149px-Timisoara%2C_biserica_Millennium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Timisoara%2C_biserica_Millennium.jpg/198px-Timisoara%2C_biserica_Millennium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="4400" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Left to right: <a href="/wiki/Trajan_Square,_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Trajan Square, Timișoara">Trajan Square</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(mythology)" title="Mercury (mythology)">Mercury</a> Palace statue and <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Church" title="Millennium Church">Millennium Church</a></div></div></div></div> The Fabric neighborhood has earned its name from the many manufactories, workshops and guilds established here.<a href="#cite_note-fabric-259">[257]</a> The neighborhood is bordered by the Neptune Baths, the Timișoara East railway station, the waterworks and the Timișoreana breweries.<a href="#cite_note-fabric-259">[257]</a> In the center of the neighborhood is Trajan Square (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: Piața Traian). This is a smaller replica of the Union Square; both are rectangular and flanked on the eastern side by a religious building. The oldest building in Trajan Square is the Serbian Orthodox Church, built between 1745 and 1755 in the <a href="/wiki/Classical_architecture" title="Classical architecture">classicist style</a>.<a href="#cite_note-protejate-244">[242]</a> Most of the buildings in the square were built at the end of the 19th century and belong to different movements of the <a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau style</a>.<a href="#cite_note-protejate-244">[242]</a> In Romans' Square (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: Piața Romanilor) is the <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Church" title="Millennium Church">Millennium Church</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Historicism_(art)" title="Historicism (art)">historicist</a> building with <a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="Gothic Revival architecture">neo-Gothic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_Revival_architecture" title="Romanesque Revival architecture">neo-Romanesque</a> elements.<a href="#cite_note-protejate-244">[242]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Iosefin">Iosefin</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Iosefin">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Timisoara_-_The_water_tower_in_Iosefin_district_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Timisoara_-_The_water_tower_in_Iosefin_district_2.jpg/150px-Timisoara_-_The_water_tower_in_Iosefin_district_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Timisoara_-_The_water_tower_in_Iosefin_district_2.jpg/225px-Timisoara_-_The_water_tower_in_Iosefin_district_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Timisoara_-_The_water_tower_in_Iosefin_district_2.jpg/300px-Timisoara_-_The_water_tower_in_Iosefin_district_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vienna_Secession" title="Vienna Secession">Secession</a> <a href="/wiki/Iosefin_Water_Tower" title="Iosefin Water Tower">Water Tower</a> in <a href="/wiki/Iosefin" title="Iosefin">Iosefin</a> district</figcaption></figure> At the beginning, the <a href="/wiki/Iosefin" title="Iosefin">Iosefin</a> neighborhood had a rural character, with isolated houses, similar to the <a href="/wiki/Banat_Swabians" title="Banat Swabians">Banat Swabians</a> plain villages. The houses had only one level and, for the most part, had facades decorated with <a href="/wiki/Pediment" title="Pediment">pediments</a>.<a href="#cite_note-protejate-244">[242]</a> The rural character of the neighborhood is maintained until 1857, when Timișoara is connected to the railway system of <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central Europe</a>. Then, in the northern part of Iosefin, the <a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara_Nord_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Timișoara Nord railway station">first railway station</a> of the city was built.<a href="#cite_note-protejate-244">[242]</a> Apart from the St. Mary Catholic Church, which was built between 1774 and 1775, all the buildings in Iosefin are built after 1868, most of which were built around 1900.<a href="#cite_note-opris-246">[244]</a> Thus, in this area, there are numerous buildings in <a href="/wiki/Eclecticism_in_architecture" title="Eclecticism in architecture">eclectic historicist style</a>, specific to the second half of the 19th century, as well as several architectural ensembles in the 1900s style with its specific stylistic derivations – <a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jugendstil" title="Jugendstil">Jugendstil</a> or <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Secession" title="Vienna Secession">Secession</a>.<a href="#cite_note-opris-246">[244]</a> Representative for this style are the historical monuments from urban ensembles IV and V: the Water Palace, the Délvidéki Casino, the former House of Savings, the Anchor Palace, the twin palaces of Nándor and Tamás Csermák, the Notre Dame Church, the Water Tower, etc.<a href="#cite_note-260">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-261">[259]</a> 16 December 1989 Boulevard forms the traditional historical border between the Iosefin and Elisabetin neighborhoods. Along it are a series of Art Nouveau palaces (Besch–Piffl, Kuncz, Menczer, etc.), as well as the 1900s-style Fire Station.<a href="#cite_note-262">[260]</a> The boulevard divides Alexandru Mocioni Square (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: Piața Alexandru Mocioni) into two unequal parts, the triangular one (formerly called Küttl Square and Sinaia Square) belonging to Iosefin.<a href="#cite_note-263">[261]</a> The square is flanked by the Orthodox Church, built in <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Revival_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Revival architecture">neo-Byzantine style</a> and inspired by <a href="/wiki/Hagia_Sophia" title="Hagia Sophia">Hagia Sophia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-264">[262]</a> in contrast to the <a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> architecture of the surrounding buildings. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Elisabetin">Elisabetin</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Elisabetin">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Piata_Sfanta_Maria,_Timisoara_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Piata_Sfanta_Maria%2C_Timisoara_2.jpg/170px-Piata_Sfanta_Maria%2C_Timisoara_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Piata_Sfanta_Maria%2C_Timisoara_2.jpg/255px-Piata_Sfanta_Maria%2C_Timisoara_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Piata_Sfanta_Maria%2C_Timisoara_2.jpg/340px-Piata_Sfanta_Maria%2C_Timisoara_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mary_Monument,_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Virgin Mary Monument, Timișoara">Virgin Mary Monument</a> in <a href="/wiki/St._Mary_Square,_Timi%C8%99oara" title="St. Mary Square, Timișoara">St. Mary Square</a>. In the background, the Reformed Community Palace</figcaption></figure> Like the Iosefin neighborhood, Elisabetin had a rural appearance for a long time.<a href="#cite_note-protejate-244">[242]</a> Only after 1892, with the dismantling of the military fortress, Elisabetin experienced a strong development. Only two buildings have been preserved in Elisabetin since the 18th century: Dissel House and the Orthodox Church in the Church Square, the oldest Romanian church in Timișoara.<a href="#cite_note-protejate-244">[242]</a> Although it is a protected historical area, the urban ensemble I of Elisabetin is affected by the so-called <a href="/wiki/Urban_sprawl" title="Urban sprawl">urban sprawl</a>. Many ground floor houses, typical of the historical urban morphology of the neighborhood, have been transformed into multi-storey buildings.<a href="#cite_note-protejate-244">[242]</a> The buildings in the urban ensemble VIII date from 1890 to 1900. Some belong to the <a href="/wiki/Classical_architecture" title="Classical architecture">classicist style</a>, while others fall into the <a href="/wiki/Historicism_(art)" title="Historicism (art)">eclectic historicist style</a>, especially the <a href="/wiki/Baroque_Revival_architecture" title="Baroque Revival architecture">neo-baroque movement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-protejate-244">[242]</a> One of Elisabetin's squares of historical importance is Mary Square (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: Piața Maria), dominated by the <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_Revival_architecture" title="Romanesque Revival architecture">neo-Romanesque</a> monument of St. Mary.<a href="#cite_note-iliesiu-53">[53]</a> According to tradition, <a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_D%C3%B3zsa" title="György Dózsa">György Dózsa</a>, the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Popular_revolts_in_late-medieval_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular revolts in late-medieval Europe">peasant uprising of 1514</a>, was martyred in this place.<a href="#cite_note-265">[263]</a> Other squares in Elisabetin are the Nicolae Bălcescu Square (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: Piața Nicolae Bălcescu) with its 57-meter-high Catholic Church<a href="#cite_note-266">[264]</a> and the smaller Pleven Square (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: Piața Plevnei), surrounded by an ensemble of <a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> residential buildings (the House with Peacocks, the Szilárd House, the House with Beautiful Gate, etc.).<a href="#cite_note-protejate-244">[242]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1919–1947:_Neo-Romanian_architecture">1919–1947: Neo-Romanian architecture</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: 1919–1947: Neo-Romanian architecture">edit</a>]</div> The neighborhoods of individual villas, the houses with several apartments and the religious and socio-cultural endowments dating from the first half of the 20th century, especially from the interwar period, predominate in the interstitial spaces between the historic neighborhoods, giving the respective areas the aspect of a <a href="/wiki/Garden_city_movement" title="Garden city movement">garden city</a>.<a href="#cite_note-protejate-244">[242]</a> The architecture of the new buildings erected in the interwar period kept some decorative elements widespread at the beginning of the 20th century, but the <a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A2ncovenesc_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Brâncovenesc style">neo-Romanian style</a>, then the <a href="/wiki/Modern_architecture" title="Modern architecture">modernist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">cubist</a> ones, became more and more popular.<a href="#cite_note-marcu-267">[265]</a><a href="#cite_note-268">[266]</a> More and more projects have been entrusted to Romanian architects, from Timișoara or <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>. Outside the former walls of the fortress and in Elisabetin, numerous <a href="/wiki/Villa" title="Villa">villas</a> were built in which the influence of the modern style, of the Brâncovenesc style as well as the <a href="/wiki/French_architecture" title="French architecture">French influences</a> are predominant, but also public buildings, emblematic for the new architectural line.<a href="#cite_note-marcu-267">[265]</a> In the interwar years, important buildings of the city were built according to the plans of the Bucharest architect <a href="/wiki/Duiliu_Marcu" title="Duiliu Marcu">Duiliu Marcu</a>: the new facade of the Theater, the main building, the student dormitory and the laboratories of the <a href="/wiki/Politehnica_University_of_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Politehnica University of Timișoara">Polytechnic Institute</a>, the Capitol cinema, etc.<a href="#cite_note-marcu-267">[265]</a> The neo-Romanian style was consciously promoted by the state. Like secessionism, the neo-Romanian style remained a style of elites that did not influence in any way the architecture of the more modest buildings that were built in large numbers in the interwar period.<a href="#cite_note-secession-248">[246]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1947–1989:_Socialist_classicism">1947–1989: Socialist classicism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: 1947–1989: Socialist classicism">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hotel_Continental,_Timi%C8%99oara_(2023)_-_IMG_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Hotel_Continental%2C_Timi%C8%99oara_%282023%29_-_IMG_01.jpg/170px-Hotel_Continental%2C_Timi%C8%99oara_%282023%29_-_IMG_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Hotel_Continental%2C_Timi%C8%99oara_%282023%29_-_IMG_01.jpg/255px-Hotel_Continental%2C_Timi%C8%99oara_%282023%29_-_IMG_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Hotel_Continental%2C_Timi%C8%99oara_%282023%29_-_IMG_01.jpg/340px-Hotel_Continental%2C_Timi%C8%99oara_%282023%29_-_IMG_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4536" /></a><figcaption>Opened in 1971, Continental Hotel is the first <a href="/wiki/High-rise_building" class="mw-redirect" title="High-rise building">high-rise building</a> in Timișoara.</figcaption></figure> During the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="Socialist Republic of Romania">communist period</a>, like other cities in Romania, Timișoara strictly followed the <a href="/wiki/Stalinist_architecture" title="Stalinist architecture">Soviet style</a>. The architects did not have creative freedom, because the ministry imposed a firm control and an austerity regime, with small budgets.<a href="#cite_note-girleanu-269">[267]</a> The evolution of the postwar architecture of the city was strongly influenced by the activity of the architect Hans Fackelmann, who designed, among others, the <a href="/wiki/West_University_of_Timi%C8%99oara" title="West University of Timișoara">West University</a>, one of the first modern constructions in Romania and the Ion Vidu National Art College.<a href="#cite_note-270">[268]</a> Despite the central policy of <a href="/wiki/Systematization_(Romania)" title="Systematization (Romania)">urban systematization</a>, which saw entire historic neighborhoods demolished, such as the Uranus neighborhood in <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>, the Timișoara authorities did not demolish old buildings, but only "filled in", where there were no buildings.<a href="#cite_note-girleanu-269">[267]</a> Thus were built the two blocks that close the front of Victory Square, on its eastern side, towards the Metropolitan Cathedral. In the late 1960s, the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Communist_Party" title="Romanian Communist Party">Communist Party</a> called for the construction of a number of commercial venues, hotels, houses of culture, stadiums and sports halls in major cities. It was the period when the Bega store, the Continental and Timișoara hotels, the Youth House, the Modex fashion house, the Olimpia hall and others were built in Timișoara.<a href="#cite_note-girleanu-269">[267]</a> The communist era also meant the growth of the population of Timișoara, by moving the workers brought from all over the country. Thus arose the need for new neighborhoods. Between 1974 and 1988, huge <a href="/wiki/Commuter_town" title="Commuter town">bedroom neighborhoods</a> were built, consisting of blocks of flats with four, eight or ten floors, made of large prefabricated panels. At the end of the 1980s, over two thirds of the population of Timișoara lived in such suburbs: Circumvalațiunii, Șagului, Lipovei, etc. The blocks had the technical-municipal installations necessary for housing, but they were poorly executed in the conditions of a pronounced economic decline.<a href="#cite_note-protejate-244">[242]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1990–present:_Contemporary_architecture">1990–present: Contemporary architecture</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: 1990–present: Contemporary architecture">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Timisoara_-_Regional_Business_Centre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Timisoara_-_Regional_Business_Centre.jpg/220px-Timisoara_-_Regional_Business_Centre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Timisoara_-_Regional_Business_Centre.jpg/330px-Timisoara_-_Regional_Business_Centre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Timisoara_-_Regional_Business_Centre.jpg/440px-Timisoara_-_Regional_Business_Centre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Regional Business Center</figcaption></figure> The reconnection, after 1989, of the Romanian architecture to the European architectural culture proved to be very difficult. Most of the projects and constructions did not yet have enough substance or inertially continued the decorativism of the previous period.<a href="#cite_note-271">[269]</a> Re-established in 1990 as a department within the Faculty of Constructions, the Timișoara school of architecture brought together architects from the late 1980s who, embracing the theoretical discourse of <a href="/wiki/Postmodernism" title="Postmodernism">postmodernism</a>, perpetuated the <a href="/wiki/Arts_and_Crafts_movement" title="Arts and Crafts movement">arts and crafts philosophy</a> of the previous generation, either by a subtle return to historical tradition (Șerban Sturdza, Mihai Botescu or Radu Radoslav), or through a critical regional approach (Vlad Gaivoronschi, Ioan Andreescu or Florin Ionașiu).<a href="#cite_note-272">[270]</a> Constructions such as Austria House (Mihai Botescu), BRD Tower (Radu Radoslav), City Business Center (Vlad Gaivoronschi) or Reghina Blue Hotel (Ioan Andreescu) are linked to their names.<a href="#cite_note-273">[271]</a><a href="#cite_note-274">[272]</a> Similar to other Romanian cities, Timișoara underwent large-scale de-/reindustrialization and <a href="/wiki/Tertiarization" class="mw-redirect" title="Tertiarization">tertiarization</a> after 1989, which shaped its current <a href="/wiki/Cityscape" title="Cityscape">urban landscape</a>.<a href="#cite_note-275">[273]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">2008–2009 real estate crisis</a> led to a change in the economic behavior of both investors and home buyers. Post-crisis, a number of peripheral real estate projects have been abandoned, and investors and home buyers have shifted their interest to the available plots within the city.<a href="#cite_note-beta-276">[274]</a> As a result of the economic restructuring process during the 2000s, many industrial areas or isolated factories were demolished and their place was taken by <a href="/wiki/Residential_complex" class="mw-redirect" title="Residential complex">residential complexes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shopping_mall" title="Shopping mall">shopping malls</a>.<a href="#cite_note-beta-276">[274]</a> The 2010s represented a decade in which the city acquainted a period of urban development rebirth. Projects such as <a href="/wiki/Iulius_Town_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Iulius Town Timișoara">Iulius Town</a> and <a href="/wiki/ISHO_Timi%C8%99oara" class="mw-redirect" title="ISHO Timișoara">ISHO</a> were put on the map under the form of <a href="/wiki/Edge_city" title="Edge city">edge cities</a> indicating the growth of the urban tissue and implicitly of the facilities of the city.<a href="#cite_note-functions-277">[275]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Timi%C8%99oara_Capital%C4%83_European%C4%83_a_Culturii_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Timi%C8%99oara_Capital%C4%83_European%C4%83_a_Culturii_2023.jpg/220px-Timi%C8%99oara_Capital%C4%83_European%C4%83_a_Culturii_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Timi%C8%99oara_Capital%C4%83_European%C4%83_a_Culturii_2023.jpg/330px-Timi%C8%99oara_Capital%C4%83_European%C4%83_a_Culturii_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Timi%C8%99oara_Capital%C4%83_European%C4%83_a_Culturii_2023.jpg/440px-Timi%C8%99oara_Capital%C4%83_European%C4%83_a_Culturii_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1010" data-file-height="257" /></a><figcaption>Logo of the 2023 <a href="/wiki/European_Capital_of_Culture" title="European Capital of Culture">European Capital of Culture</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Visual_arts">Visual arts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Visual arts">edit</a>]</div> In Timișoara there are eight <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_art" title="Contemporary art">contemporary art</a> galleries, five of which are publicly funded: the Pygmalion Gallery (House of Arts), the geamMAT Gallery of the Art Museum, the Helios Gallery (Fine Artists' Union), the Mansarda Gallery (Faculty of Arts and Design) and the City Hall Gallery.<a href="#cite_note-cultural-239">[237]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Performing_arts">Performing arts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Performing arts">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:German_State_Theatre_in_Timi%C8%99oara_-_the_entrance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/German_State_Theatre_in_Timi%C8%99oara_-_the_entrance.jpg/220px-German_State_Theatre_in_Timi%C8%99oara_-_the_entrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/German_State_Theatre_in_Timi%C8%99oara_-_the_entrance.jpg/330px-German_State_Theatre_in_Timi%C8%99oara_-_the_entrance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/German_State_Theatre_in_Timi%C8%99oara_-_the_entrance.jpg/440px-German_State_Theatre_in_Timi%C8%99oara_-_the_entrance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4499" data-file-height="5791" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/German_State_Theatre_Timi%C8%99oara" title="German State Theatre Timișoara">German State Theatre</a></figcaption></figure> Timișoara is the only city in Europe that has three state <a href="/wiki/Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Theater">theaters</a> in three different languages – the <a href="/wiki/Mihai_Eminescu" title="Mihai Eminescu">Mihai Eminescu</a> National Theatre, the <a href="/wiki/German_State_Theatre_Timi%C8%99oara" title="German State Theatre Timișoara">German State Theatre</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Csiky_Gergely_Hungarian_State_Theatre" title="Csiky Gergely Hungarian State Theatre">Csiky Gergely Hungarian State Theatre</a>. The three theaters and the National Opera are housed in the Palace of Culture, built between 1871 and 1875 according to the plans of the Viennese architects <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Fellner" title="Ferdinand Fellner">Ferdinand Fellner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Helmer" title="Hermann Helmer">Hermann Helmer</a>, who designed, among others, the Stadttheater in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, the Népszínház in <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Odesa_Opera_and_Ballet_Theatre" title="Odesa Opera and Ballet Theatre">Opera Theater</a> in <a href="/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa">Odesa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-opera-252">[250]</a> In 2012, the National Theater built and put into operation the Set Factory, the first professional production line of <a href="/wiki/Scenic_design" title="Scenic design">stage props</a> and <a href="/wiki/Theatrical_property" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatrical property">theater equipment</a> in Romania.<a href="#cite_note-cultural-239">[237]</a> Since 2019, the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian language</a> theater has been operating within the Merlin Puppet and Youth Theater.<a href="#cite_note-278">[276]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Romanian_National_Opera,_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Romanian National Opera, Timișoara">Romanian National Opera</a> as an institution in its current form has existed since 1947, when the <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi" title="Giuseppe Verdi">Giuseppe Verdi</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a> <a href="/wiki/Aida" title="Aida">Aida</a> opened its first season, on 27 April.<a href="#cite_note-279">[277]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Literature">edit</a>]</div> Literary life has been revitalized in Timișoara over the last decade: open, public readings of <a href="/wiki/Prose" title="Prose">prose</a> and <a href="/wiki/Poetry" title="Poetry">poetry</a> have turned into social-literary experiments and two new <a href="/wiki/Literary_festival" title="Literary festival">literary festivals</a> have been launched – LitVest and Timișoara International Literature Festival.<a href="#cite_note-riveter-280">[278]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Literary_society" title="Literary society">literary society</a> <a href="/wiki/Aktionsgruppe_Banat" title="Aktionsgruppe Banat">Aktionsgruppe Banat</a>, founded by German-speaking authors of the <a href="/wiki/Banat_Swabians" title="Banat Swabians">Banat Swabian minority</a>, was active in Timișoara between 1972 and 1975.<a href="#cite_note-281">[279]</a> Many of its members also activated in the Adam Müller-Guttenbrunn circle, which included, among others, <a href="/wiki/Herta_M%C3%BCller" title="Herta Müller">Herta Müller</a>, Horst Samson and Werner Söllner.<a href="#cite_note-282">[280]</a> A recognized literary figure of the underground in Timișoara in the 1980s, Herta Müller was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_for_Literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Prize for Literature">Nobel Prize for Literature</a> in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-riveter-280">[278]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Music">edit</a>]</div> Before having a proper musical society, in Timișoara there was the choral association Temeswarer Männergesangverein, founded in 1845. The repertoire of this choir included works of great popularity, belonging mainly to <a href="/wiki/German_Romanticism" title="German Romanticism">German romantic music</a>.<a href="#cite_note-muzica-283">[281]</a> The Philharmonic Society was founded later, in 1871, as a men's choral society. The inaugural concert took place on 8 December and included the <a href="/wiki/Ballad" title="Ballad">ballads</a> Die Frithjof-Saga by <a href="/wiki/Max_Bruch" title="Max Bruch">Max Bruch</a> and Der Taucher by Heinrich Weidt.<a href="#cite_note-muzica-283">[281]</a> Over the years, guest musicians of the Philharmonic Society were invited to perform in Timișoara, among them <a href="/wiki/Franz_Liszt" title="Franz Liszt">Franz Liszt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johann_Strauss_II" title="Johann Strauss II">Johann Strauss II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Haydn" title="Joseph Haydn">Joseph Haydn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pablo_de_Sarasate" title="Pablo de Sarasate">Pablo de Sarasate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henryk_Wieniawski" title="Henryk Wieniawski">Henryk Wieniawski</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Brahms" title="Johannes Brahms">Johannes Brahms</a> and <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Bart%C3%B3k" title="Béla Bartók">Béla Bartók</a>.<a href="#cite_note-muzica-283">[281]</a><a href="#cite_note-284">[282]</a> The current <a href="/wiki/Banatul_Philharmonic_of_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Banatul Philharmonic of Timișoara">Banatul Philharmonic</a> was founded in 1947 by royal decree.<a href="#cite_note-285">[283]</a> The Philharmonic has been organizing the Timișoara Muzicală International Festival since 1968, the longest-running cultural festival in Timișoara.<a href="#cite_note-cultural-239">[237]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Museums">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palatul_Baroc_-_Timisoara.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Palatul_Baroc_-_Timisoara.jpg/170px-Palatul_Baroc_-_Timisoara.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Palatul_Baroc_-_Timisoara.jpg/255px-Palatul_Baroc_-_Timisoara.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Palatul_Baroc_-_Timisoara.jpg/340px-Palatul_Baroc_-_Timisoara.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3404" data-file-height="4539" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Baroque_Palace,_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Baroque Palace, Timișoara">Timișoara National Museum of Art</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Br%C3%BCck_House" title="Brück House">Brück House</a>, shown together</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CastelulHuniade2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/CastelulHuniade2.jpg/220px-CastelulHuniade2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/CastelulHuniade2.jpg/330px-CastelulHuniade2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/CastelulHuniade2.jpg/440px-CastelulHuniade2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Huniade_Castle" title="Huniade Castle">Huniade Castle</a>, home of the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Banat" title="National Museum of Banat">National Museum of Banat</a></figcaption></figure> The Art Museum is housed in the Baroque Palace, a <a href="/wiki/Rococo" title="Rococo">Late Baroque</a> building in the Union Square. The exhibition space includes collections of <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_art" title="Contemporary art">contemporary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Decorative_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Decorative art">decorative</a> and European art.<a href="#cite_note-286">[284]</a> Founded in 1877 and housed in the <a href="/wiki/Huniade_Castle" title="Huniade Castle">Huniade Castle</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Banat" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of Banat">National Museum of Banat</a> has as fields of activity <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a> and <a href="/wiki/Archeology" class="mw-redirect" title="Archeology">archeology</a>.<a href="#cite_note-287">[285]</a> On the ground floor of the museum there is a reconstruction of the <a href="/wiki/Par%C8%9Ba_Neolithic_Sanctuary" title="Parța Neolithic Sanctuary">Parța Neolithic Sanctuary</a> dating from the <a href="/wiki/6th_millennium_BC" title="6th millennium BC">6th millennium BC</a>.<a href="#cite_note-288">[286]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Topla_TM.bis_lemn_NE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Topla_TM.bis_lemn_NE.jpg/220px-Topla_TM.bis_lemn_NE.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Topla_TM.bis_lemn_NE.jpg/330px-Topla_TM.bis_lemn_NE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Topla_TM.bis_lemn_NE.jpg/440px-Topla_TM.bis_lemn_NE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4158" data-file-height="2730" /></a><figcaption>Topla wooden church in the <a href="/wiki/Banat_Village_Museum" title="Banat Village Museum">Banat Village Museum</a></figcaption></figure> The Banat Village Museum is conceived as a traditional village from Banat, a <a href="/wiki/Living_museum" title="Living museum">living museum</a> and open-air folk architecture reserve located in the Green Forest; it includes rustic households belonging to various ethnic groups in Banat, buildings with social function of the traditional village (town hall, school and church), technical installations and workshops.<a href="#cite_note-cultural-239">[237]</a> The Corneliu Miklosi Public Transport Museum is subordinated to the local public transport company. Various types of <a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">trams</a> are on display, including the first <a href="/wiki/Horse-drawn_tram" class="mw-redirect" title="Horse-drawn tram">horse-drawn tram</a> and the first <a href="/wiki/Electric_tram" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric tram">electric tram</a> in the city, as well as buses, trolleybuses and vehicle maintenance equipment.<a href="#cite_note-289">[287]</a> There are plans to integrate the museum into a center for art, technology and experiment – MultipleXity.<a href="#cite_note-290">[288]</a> Founded in 1964, the Military Museum operates in the Military Casino in Liberty Square. The museum's patrimony consists of over 2,000 exhibits: maps, documents, models of historical monuments, photographs, weapons and military uniforms.<a href="#cite_note-291">[289]</a> In the museum collections owned by the <a href="/wiki/Metropolis_of_Banat" title="Metropolis of Banat">Metropolis of Banat</a>, the Serbian Orthodox Episcopate and the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Timișoara">Roman Catholic Diocese</a> there are objects of worship, icons on wood and glass from the 16th–19th centuries, books, manuscripts and old church objects.<a href="#cite_note-cultural-239">[237]</a> A future museum dedicated to the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Revolution">Romanian Revolution</a> will be arranged in the building of the former Military Garrison.<a href="#cite_note-292">[290]</a> At present, there is a Memorial of the Revolution, in the collection of which there is written, audio and video information about the events of 1989.<a href="#cite_note-293">[291]</a> In addition, there are several independent museums in Timișoara, including the Museum of the Communist Consumer, arranged as a typical house of the Golden Age,<a href="#cite_note-294">[292]</a> the museum dedicated to the Romanian cartoonist Popa's<a href="#cite_note-295">[293]</a> and the Kindlein Museum, a reenactment of Peter Kindlein's jewelry and clock shop and workshop.<a href="#cite_note-296">[294]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Festivals">Festivals</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: Festivals">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Timfloralis_2018_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Timfloralis_2018_%283%29.jpg/170px-Timfloralis_2018_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Timfloralis_2018_%283%29.jpg/255px-Timfloralis_2018_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Timfloralis_2018_%283%29.jpg/340px-Timfloralis_2018_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Alba Iulia Street during Timfloralis</figcaption></figure> In 2013, around 400 cultural manifestations and events (shows, concerts, exhibitions, art and literature salons, festivals, etc.) were organized in Timișoara.<a href="#cite_note-sidu-13">[13]</a> Some of these include the music festivals Codru, DISKOteka (largest 1980s and 1990s music festival in Europe), Flight (largest music festival in western Romania), JAZZx, Plai and Vest Fest, the film festivals Ceau, Cinema!, European Film Festival and Festival du Film Français, the theatre festivals Eurothalia, FEST-FDR and TESZT, LitVest (literature festival), the Medieval Festival, the Festival of Hearts (festival of world folklore) and <a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara_Pride_Week" title="Timișoara Pride Week">Timișoara Pride Week</a>.<a href="#cite_note-297">[295]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parks_and_green_spaces">Parks and green spaces</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: Parks and green spaces">edit</a>]</div> Timișoara is known as the "city of parks" for its parks and green spaces.<a href="#cite_note-strutz-2">[2]</a> These are mainly located around the <a href="/wiki/Old_town" title="Old town">old town</a>, forming a <a href="/wiki/Green_belt" title="Green belt">green belt</a> along the <a href="/wiki/Bega_Canal" title="Bega Canal">Bega Canal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-298">[296]</a> At the end of 2009, the area of the <a href="/wiki/Urban_park" title="Urban park">city parks</a> was 117.57 ha.<a href="#cite_note-peisagistic-299">[297]</a> In 2015, Timișoara had 16 m2 of green spaces per capita, under the EU recommendation of 26 m2.<a href="#cite_note-300">[298]</a><a href="#cite_note-301">[299]</a> One of the most famous parks in Timișoara is the Anton Scudier Central Park, founded in 1850.<a href="#cite_note-302">[300]</a> Since 2009, the park has an Alley of Personalities with 24 bronze statues of local personalities.<a href="#cite_note-303">[301]</a> In 2019 the park was redesigned in the style of the <a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%B6nbrunn_Palace" title="Schönbrunn Palace">Schönbrunn Gardens</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>.<a href="#cite_note-304">[302]</a> Also close to the city center is the Rose Park, which at the beginning of the 20th century earned Timișoara the nickname "city of roses".<a href="#cite_note-strutz-2">[2]</a> The park was inaugurated in 1891 on the occasion of an agro-industrial exhibition, and all the arrangements were made by landscape architect Wilhelm Mühle.<a href="#cite_note-305">[303]</a> The English- and French-style garden stretched over 9 ha and was visited by Emperor <a href="/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria" title="Franz Joseph I of Austria">Franz Joseph I</a> on 16 September 1891.<a href="#cite_note-rozelor-306">[304]</a> The current park was arranged between 1928 and 1934, when it was the largest rosary in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Europe" title="Southeast Europe">Southeast Europe</a>, with 1,200 species and varieties of <a href="/wiki/Rose" title="Rose">roses</a>.<a href="#cite_note-rozelor-306">[304]</a> In the park there is also the stage of the summer theater where several festivals, concerts and shows take place. Opposite the Rose Park is the Ion Creangă Children's Park. It was inaugurated in the same year as the Rose Park.<a href="#cite_note-307">[305]</a> The delimitation of the two parks was made later, when the area was crossed by the current Michelangelo Street. In 2012 it was redesigned as the largest <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_playground" class="mw-redirect" title="Children's playground">children's playground</a> in the city.<a href="#cite_note-308">[306]</a> Queen Marie Park, formerly known as the People's Park, is the oldest park in Timișoara, established at the initiative of the governor of the <a href="/wiki/Voivodeship_of_Serbia_and_Banat_of_Temeschwar" title="Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar">Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar</a>, Count <a href="/wiki/Johann_Baptist_Coronini-Cronberg" title="Johann Baptist Coronini-Cronberg">Johann von Coronini-Cronberg</a>, in 1852.<a href="#cite_note-peisagistic-299">[297]</a> The Botanical Park, improperly called by the locals the Botanical Garden, is thought of as a dendrological park and was inaugurated in 1986, after a project by the architect Silvia Grumeza.<a href="#cite_note-peisagistic-299">[297]</a> The park contains collection species grouped in eight sectors, depending on the region of origin of the plant.<a href="#cite_note-309">[307]</a> One of the newest parks, the Civic Park was arranged over the former military barracks, demolished between 1956 and 1959.<a href="#cite_note-310">[308]</a> The main attraction of the park is the <a href="/wiki/Floral_clock" title="Floral clock">floral clock</a>, built in 1971. <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Timisoara,_Parcul_Scudier_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Monument to the Unknown Soldier in the Anton Scudier Central Park"><img alt="Monument to the Unknown Soldier in the Anton Scudier Central Park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Timisoara%2C_Parcul_Scudier_2019.jpg/270px-Timisoara%2C_Parcul_Scudier_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Timisoara%2C_Parcul_Scudier_2019.jpg/405px-Timisoara%2C_Parcul_Scudier_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Timisoara%2C_Parcul_Scudier_2019.jpg/540px-Timisoara%2C_Parcul_Scudier_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2400" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Monument to the Unknown Soldier in the <a href="/wiki/Anton_Scudier_Central_Park" title="Anton Scudier Central Park">Anton Scudier Central Park</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Parcul_Rozelor_-_panoramio_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Roses Park"><img alt="Roses Park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Parcul_Rozelor_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg/240px-Parcul_Rozelor_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Parcul_Rozelor_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg/360px-Parcul_Rozelor_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Parcul_Rozelor_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg/480px-Parcul_Rozelor_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Roses_Park,_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Roses Park, Timișoara">Roses Park</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Parcul_Copiilor_-_panoramio_(6).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ion Creangă Children's Park"><img alt="Ion Creangă Children's Park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Parcul_Copiilor_-_panoramio_%286%29.jpg/240px-Parcul_Copiilor_-_panoramio_%286%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Parcul_Copiilor_-_panoramio_%286%29.jpg/360px-Parcul_Copiilor_-_panoramio_%286%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Parcul_Copiilor_-_panoramio_%286%29.jpg/480px-Parcul_Copiilor_-_panoramio_%286%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Ion_Creang%C4%83_Children%27s_Park" title="Ion Creangă Children's Park">Ion Creangă Children's Park</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Parcul_Regina_Maria_-_panoramio_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Secession entrance gate to the Queen Marie Park"><img alt="The Secession entrance gate to the Queen Marie Park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Parcul_Regina_Maria_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg/240px-Parcul_Regina_Maria_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Parcul_Regina_Maria_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg/360px-Parcul_Regina_Maria_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Parcul_Regina_Maria_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg/480px-Parcul_Regina_Maria_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="3216" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"> The <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Secession" title="Vienna Secession">Secession</a> entrance gate to the <a href="/wiki/Queen_Marie_Park,_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Queen Marie Park, Timișoara">Queen Marie Park</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Temisvar_sat.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The floral clock in the Civic Park"><img alt="The floral clock in the Civic Park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Temisvar_sat.jpg/240px-Temisvar_sat.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Temisvar_sat.jpg/360px-Temisvar_sat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Temisvar_sat.jpg/480px-Temisvar_sat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"> The <a href="/wiki/Floral_clock" title="Floral clock">floral clock</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Civic_Park,_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Civic Park, Timișoara">Civic Park</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: Sports">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:408px;max-width:408px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Sala_Sporturilor_%E2%80%9EConstantin_Jude%E2%80%9D_(_Sala_Olimpia_)_-_2023_-_IMG_22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Sala_Sporturilor_%E2%80%9EConstantin_Jude%E2%80%9D_%28_Sala_Olimpia_%29_-_2023_-_IMG_22.jpg/200px-Sala_Sporturilor_%E2%80%9EConstantin_Jude%E2%80%9D_%28_Sala_Olimpia_%29_-_2023_-_IMG_22.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Sala_Sporturilor_%E2%80%9EConstantin_Jude%E2%80%9D_%28_Sala_Olimpia_%29_-_2023_-_IMG_22.jpg/300px-Sala_Sporturilor_%E2%80%9EConstantin_Jude%E2%80%9D_%28_Sala_Olimpia_%29_-_2023_-_IMG_22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Sala_Sporturilor_%E2%80%9EConstantin_Jude%E2%80%9D_%28_Sala_Olimpia_%29_-_2023_-_IMG_22.jpg/400px-Sala_Sporturilor_%E2%80%9EConstantin_Jude%E2%80%9D_%28_Sala_Olimpia_%29_-_2023_-_IMG_22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Stadionul_Dan_P%C4%83ltini%C5%9Fanu_-_panoramio_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Stadionul_Dan_P%C4%83ltini%C5%9Fanu_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg/200px-Stadionul_Dan_P%C4%83ltini%C5%9Fanu_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Stadionul_Dan_P%C4%83ltini%C5%9Fanu_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg/300px-Stadionul_Dan_P%C4%83ltini%C5%9Fanu_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Stadionul_Dan_P%C4%83ltini%C5%9Fanu_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg/400px-Stadionul_Dan_P%C4%83ltini%C5%9Fanu_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Jude_Sports_Hall" title="Constantin Jude Sports Hall">Constantin Jude Sports Hall</a> (left) and <a href="/wiki/Stadionul_Dan_P%C4%83ltini%C8%99anu" class="mw-redirect" title="Stadionul Dan Păltinișanu">Dan Păltinișanu Stadium</a> (right) before its demolition</div></div></div></div> The amateur and performance sports activity has an old tradition in Timișoara through sports associations and clubs. The first <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> game in Timișoara took place on 25 June 1899.<a href="#cite_note-311">[309]</a> Three years later, <a href="/wiki/CA_Timi%C8%99oara" title="CA Timișoara">CA Timișoara</a> – the first <a href="/wiki/Football_club_(association_football)" title="Football club (association football)">football club</a> in Romania – was founded.<a href="#cite_note-312">[310]</a> Traditional teams have been active between the two world wars. <a href="/wiki/FC_Ripensia_Timi%C8%99oara" title="FC Ripensia Timișoara">Ripensia Timișoara</a>, founded in 1928 and dissolved in 1948, was the first Romanian club to turn professional.<a href="#cite_note-statut-59">[59]</a> In its short history, the club has won four national titles and two <a href="/wiki/Cupa_Rom%C3%A2niei" title="Cupa României">national cups</a>. Ripensia Timișoara was re-established in 2012<a href="#cite_note-313">[311]</a> and currently plays in <a href="/wiki/Liga_II" title="Liga II">Liga 2</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chinezul_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Chinezul Timișoara">Chinezul Timișoara</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>: Temesvári Kinizsi), active between 1910 and 1946, was one of the most successful teams in the history of Romanian football, winning between 1921 and 1927 six consecutive titles of champion of Romania.<a href="#cite_note-statut-59">[59]</a> Currently, in Timișoara there are four football clubs: <a href="/wiki/ACS_Poli_Timi%C8%99oara" title="ACS Poli Timișoara">ACS Poli Timișoara</a>, <a href="/wiki/ASU_Politehnica_Timi%C8%99oara" class="mw-redirect" title="ASU Politehnica Timișoara">ASU Politehnica Timișoara</a>, <a href="/wiki/CSF_CFR_Timi%C8%99oara" title="CSF CFR Timișoara">CFR Timișoara</a> and <a href="/wiki/FC_Ripensia_Timi%C8%99oara" title="FC Ripensia Timișoara">Ripensia Timișoara</a>. SCM Timișoara, a multi-sport club, was founded in 1982 and includes sections for <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a> (<a href="/wiki/BC_Timi%C8%99oara" class="mw-redirect" title="BC Timișoara">BC Timișoara</a>), <a href="/wiki/Handball" title="Handball">handball</a> (SCM Politehnica Timișoara), <a href="/wiki/Rugby_football" title="Rugby football">rugby</a> (<a href="/wiki/SCM_Rugby_Timi%C8%99oara" class="mw-redirect" title="SCM Rugby Timișoara">Saracens Timișoara</a>), <a href="/wiki/Motorcycling" title="Motorcycling">motorcycling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">tennis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-314">[312]</a> With a capacity of 32,000 seats, <a href="/wiki/Stadionul_Dan_P%C4%83ltini%C8%99anu" class="mw-redirect" title="Stadionul Dan Păltinișanu">Dan Păltinișanu Stadium</a>, home stadium of <a href="/wiki/ACS_Poli_Timi%C8%99oara" title="ACS Poli Timișoara">ACS Poli Timișoara</a>, is the second largest stadium in Romania, after <a href="/wiki/Arena_Na%C8%9Bional%C4%83" title="Arena Națională">Arena Națională</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>. The current stadium will be demolished in 2021;<a href="#cite_note-315">[313]</a> a multifunctional sports complex with a 36,000-seat arena and a 16,000-seat multipurpose hall will be built in its place.<a href="#cite_note-316">[314]</a> There are three other smaller stadiums: <a href="/wiki/CSF_CFR_Timi%C8%99oara" title="CSF CFR Timișoara">CFR</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Stadionul_CFR_(Timi%C8%99oara)" title="Stadionul CFR (Timișoara)">CFR Stadium</a> near <a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara_North_railway_station" title="Timișoara North railway station">Timișoara North railway station</a>, <a href="/wiki/ASU_Politehnica_Timi%C8%99oara" class="mw-redirect" title="ASU Politehnica Timișoara">ASU Politehnica</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Stadionul_%C8%98tiin%C8%9Ba" class="mw-redirect" title="Stadionul Știința">Știința Stadium</a> on the campus of the <a href="/wiki/Politehnica_University_of_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Politehnica University of Timișoara">Polytechnic University</a> and <a href="/wiki/FC_Ripensia_Timi%C8%99oara" title="FC Ripensia Timișoara">Ripensia</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Stadionul_Electrica" class="mw-redirect" title="Stadionul Electrica">Electrica Stadium</a> near the Green Forest. There are many sports centers in the city as well. Most of these facilities are <a href="/wiki/Sports_hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports hall">sports halls</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swimming_pool" title="Swimming pool">swimming pools</a>,<a href="#cite_note-statut-59">[59]</a> many of them built by the municipality in the past several years. The main indoor venue is <a href="/wiki/Constantin_Jude_Sports_Hall" title="Constantin Jude Sports Hall">Constantin Jude Sports Hall</a>, formerly known as Olimpia Hall. Used as a local base for men's and women's <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">volleyball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Handball" title="Handball">handball</a> and <a href="/wiki/Futsal" title="Futsal">futsal</a> teams in the city, the hall hosted matches of <a href="/wiki/EuroBasket_Women_2015" title="EuroBasket Women 2015">EuroBasket Women 2015</a>.<a href="#cite_note-317">[315]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mass_media">Mass media</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: Mass media">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Print_media">Print media</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: Print media">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:24-Jan-1772_Temeswarer_Nachrichten_(Timisoara_Times).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/24-Jan-1772_Temeswarer_Nachrichten_%28Timisoara_Times%29.jpg/220px-24-Jan-1772_Temeswarer_Nachrichten_%28Timisoara_Times%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/24-Jan-1772_Temeswarer_Nachrichten_%28Timisoara_Times%29.jpg/330px-24-Jan-1772_Temeswarer_Nachrichten_%28Timisoara_Times%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/24-Jan-1772_Temeswarer_Nachrichten_%28Timisoara_Times%29.jpg/440px-24-Jan-1772_Temeswarer_Nachrichten_%28Timisoara_Times%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="506" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>24 June 1772 edition of Temeswarer Nachrichten (Timișoara Times), the first newspaper printed in Timișoara</figcaption></figure> The first newspaper printed in Timișoara in 1771, edited by typographer Matthias Joseph Heimerl, was called Temeswarer Nachrichten and appeared in 13 editions.<a href="#cite_note-318">[316]</a> Between 1830 and 1849, Temeswarer Wochenblatt appeared, whose editor was Joseph Klapka, the founder of the first <a href="/wiki/Circulating_library" title="Circulating library">circulating library</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburg monarchy</a> (1815) and mayor of Timișoara between 1819 and 1833. Between 1872 and 1918 the Hungarian-language newspapers Délmagyarország and Temesvári hirlap appeared. The Serbian minority first appeared on the local media market in 1829 with the Banatski almanah (<a href="/wiki/Serbian_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Serbian Cyrillic alphabet">Serbian Cyrillic</a>: Банатски алманах).<a href="#cite_note-319">[317]</a> The first Romanian-language newspapers published in Banat were printed in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> and then in <a href="/wiki/Pest,_Hungary" title="Pest, Hungary">Pest</a>, as happened with Luminatorul led by <a href="/wiki/Vincen%C8%9Biu_Babe%C8%99" title="Vincențiu Babeș">Vincențiu Babeș</a>. During the mid-19th century, there was a branch of the state <a href="/wiki/Printing_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Printing house">printing house</a> in Vienna, and in 1878 Prince <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kara%C4%91or%C4%91evi%C4%87,_Prince_of_Serbia" title="Alexander Karađorđević, Prince of Serbia">Alexander Karađorđević</a>, fleeing from <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, opened a printing house in Iosefin, which he used exclusively for political purposes.<a href="#cite_note-tipografii-320">[318]</a> The printing activity was boosted at the end of the century, when the manual <a href="/wiki/Printing_machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Printing machine">printing machines</a>, driven by a distribution wheel, were replaced by those driven by electricity, after the establishment of the power plant. The first machine of this kind in Timișoara was a Druckmaschine belonging to the episcopal printing house in the Diocese of Cenad, which was inaugurated in 1891.<a href="#cite_note-tipografii-320">[318]</a> The outbreak of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> led to a stagnation of printing activity, but, after the city was taken over by the Romanian authorities, it was revived; in 1920 no less than nine printing houses were known in Timișoara.<a href="#cite_note-tipografii-320">[318]</a> The interwar years were marked by numerous political, humorous, medical, cultural, economic, religious, agricultural, commercial or almanac weeklies.<a href="#cite_note-tipografii-320">[318]</a> Also in the interwar period, numerous bilingual or even trilingual publications appeared. The first publication in Romanian, German and Hungarian was the monthly Apicultorul – Bienenzüchter – Méhész.<a href="#cite_note-tipografii-320">[318]</a> In addition to the publications in the languages spoken in Timișoara, between 1930 and 1936 the <a href="/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto">Esperanto</a> quarterly Urmiginta Statoj de Europe appeared, edited by Josef Zauner, and in 1932 the publication Tel-Chaj (טל צ׳ג) was registered, a Jewish bimonthly in Hungarian, but no number appeared.<a href="#cite_note-tipografii-320">[318]</a> From a catalogue prepared by Florian Moldovan and Alexander Krischan, in the documentary fund of the County Library of Timișoara were registered in the early 1970s no less than 143 newspaper and magazine titles, of which 60 were Romanian, 39 Hungarian and 40 German.<a href="#cite_note-321">[319]</a> After 1945, but especially since 1948, the number of newspapers and magazines was reduced to a few, all published or under the political control of the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Communist_Party" title="Romanian Communist Party">Communist Party</a>. There were the following papers in Timișoara between 1970 and 1977: Drapelul roșu, Neue Banater Zeitung (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German language</a>), Szabad szó (<a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian language</a>), Banatske novine (magazine, <a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian language</a>) and the literary revue Orizont, all of them with an important circulation.<a href="#cite_note-322">[320]</a> Even if the years of 1965–1971 are better known as providing a relative political freedom, press in Romania went away with the <abbr title="Romanian Communist Party">PCR</abbr> control. Media was obliged both to put in light the socialist reality in Romania and to combat the ideological bourgeois influences and retrograde mentality.<a href="#cite_note-ramneantu-323">[321]</a> The cultural revues had to promote the "involved" militant socialist arts and literature and criticize the tendencies to separate the artistic creation from the socialist realities; it was the way the Romanian press became an instrument of the PCR.<a href="#cite_note-ramneantu-323">[321]</a> Apart from the publications previously censored under communist rule, which quickly changed their orientation under new names, in the first months after the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Revolution">Romanian Revolution</a>, the number of newspaper and magazine titles on the local press market increased dramatically. Currently, in Timișoara appear:<a href="#cite_note-324">[322]</a> <ul><li>dailies: in Romanian: Renașterea bănățeană (successor of Drapelul roșu), Timiș Expres and Ziua de Vest; in Hungarian: Nyugati jelen;</li> <li>one biweekly: Timpolis;</li> <li>one triweekly: Timișoara;</li> <li>weeklies: in Romanian: Opinia Timișoarei and Bănățeanul; in German: Banater Zeitung (weekly supplement of <a href="/wiki/Allgemeine_Deutsche_Zeitung_f%C3%BCr_Rum%C3%A4nien" title="Allgemeine Deutsche Zeitung für Rumänien">Allgemeine Deutsche Zeitung für Rumänien</a>); in Hungarian: Heti új szó; in Serbian: Naša reč;</li> <li>monthly: in Romanian: Orizont, Monitorul Primăriei municipiului Timișoara and Agenda Consiliului Județean Timiș; in Hungarian: Irodalmi jelen; in Italian: Azienda Italia;</li> <li>quarterly: in Romanian: Orient latin and Anotimpuri literare; in Serbian: Književni život;</li> <li>annuals: in Romanian: Almanahul Agenda; in Hungarian: Mindenki kalendáriuma; in German: Die Stafette;</li> <li>sporadic periodicity: Helion magazine of the homonymous <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a> club.</li></ul> In recent years, more and more publications have given up the printed version, continuing their activity only in the online version. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Audiovisual_media">Audiovisual media</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=61" title="Edit section: Audiovisual media">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Radio_stations">Radio stations</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: Radio stations">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Timisoara,_Palatul_Bancii_de_Credit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Timisoara%2C_Palatul_Bancii_de_Credit.jpg/220px-Timisoara%2C_Palatul_Bancii_de_Credit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Timisoara%2C_Palatul_Bancii_de_Credit.jpg/330px-Timisoara%2C_Palatul_Bancii_de_Credit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Timisoara%2C_Palatul_Bancii_de_Credit.jpg/440px-Timisoara%2C_Palatul_Bancii_de_Credit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Credit Bank Palace, nowadays home of West City Radio<a href="#cite_note-325">[323]</a></figcaption></figure> Radio Timișoara, a public station, is part of Radio România Regional, the network of local and regional public <a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">radios</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Radio_Broadcasting_Company" title="Romanian Radio Broadcasting Company">Romanian Radio Broadcasting Company</a>. The idea of building a <a href="/wiki/Radio_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio station">radio station</a> in Timișoara was advanced for the first time in July 1930. The first broadcast of Radio Timișoara dates from 5 May 1955, with Andrei Dângă and Emilia Culea as broadcasters.<a href="#cite_note-radio-326">[324]</a> Today, Radio Timișoara broadcasts in 10 languages on four frequencies that cover a large part of the counties in western Romania.<a href="#cite_note-radio-326">[324]</a> West City Radio has been broadcasting since 1995, when it received the first broadcasting license in western Romania. The station is addressed to an audience aged between 24 and 48 years.<a href="#cite_note-327">[325]</a> Another local private radio station is Radio Europa Nova, founded in July 1995. Its broadcasting area covers 20–30 km (12–19 mi) around the city. In recent years, numerous local stations of some national stations have appeared, such as Digi FM, <a href="/wiki/Europa_FM_(Romania)" title="Europa FM (Romania)">Europa FM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Radio_Romania" title="Virgin Radio Romania">Virgin Radio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radio_Impuls" title="Radio Impuls">Radio Impuls</a>, Radio ZU, <a href="/wiki/RFI_Rom%C3%A2nia" title="RFI România">RFI România</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pro_FM" title="Pro FM">Pro FM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kiss_FM_(Romania)" title="Kiss FM (Romania)">Kiss FM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radio_Guerrilla" title="Radio Guerrilla">Radio Guerrilla</a>, etc.<a href="#cite_note-328">[326]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Television_stations">Television stations</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=63" title="Edit section: Television stations">edit</a>]</div> TVR Timișoara is one of the four territorial studios of the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Television">Romanian Television Society</a>. It broadcasts since 17 October 1994 and covers the western part of Romania (<a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99_County" title="Timiș County">Timiș</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arad_County" title="Arad County">Arad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cara%C8%99-Severin_County" title="Caraș-Severin County">Caraș-Severin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hunedoara_County" title="Hunedoara County">Hunedoara</a> counties), as well as the Romanian communities in <a href="/wiki/Vojvodina" title="Vojvodina">Vojvodina</a> (<a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>) and southeastern Hungary.<a href="#cite_note-tvr-329">[327]</a> TVR Timișoara is a member of <a href="/wiki/CIRCOM" title="CIRCOM">CIRCOM Regional</a> and has collaborated over the years with regional public televisions in <a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a> (<a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>), <a href="/wiki/Szeged" title="Szeged">Szeged</a> (Hungary) and <a href="/wiki/Uzhhorod" title="Uzhhorod">Uzhhorod</a> (Ukraine).<a href="#cite_note-tvr-329">[327]</a> Teleuniversitatea (Teleuniversity) has the status of a department within the <a href="/wiki/Politehnica_University_of_Timi%C8%99oara" title="Politehnica University of Timișoara">Polytechnic University</a>, obtaining a broadcasting license in 1994. Teleuniversitatea is a <a href="/wiki/Television_station" title="Television station">television station</a> with educational objectives, which operates on a non-profit basis, without a budget allocation. TV Europa Nova is the only local private television station. It first aired on 1 May 1994. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=64" title="Edit section: Notable people">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Timi%C8%99oara" title="List of people from Timișoara">List of people from Timișoara</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Honorary_citizens">Honorary citizens</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=65" title="Edit section: Honorary citizens">edit</a>]</div> Among the recipients of the <a href="/wiki/Honorary_citizenship" title="Honorary citizenship">honorary citizenship</a> of Timișoara are:<a href="#cite_note-330">[328]</a> <table class="wikitable" width="75%" style="font-size:85%; border:gray solid 1px; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:middle;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:left; background:#B0C4DE">Date </th> <th width="240" style="text-align:left; background:#B0C4DE">Name </th> <th style="text-align:left; background:#B0C4DE">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>14 November 1995</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Corneliu_Coposu" title="Corneliu Coposu">Corneliu Coposu</a></td> <td>Politician, <a href="/wiki/Political_prisoner" title="Political prisoner">political prisoner</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>23 January 1996</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Corina_Peptan" title="Corina Peptan">Corina Peptan</a></td> <td>Chess player </td></tr> <tr> <td>24 September 1996</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ioan_Holender" title="Ioan Holender">Ioan Holender</a></td> <td>Operatic baritone, director of the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_State_Opera" title="Vienna State Opera">Vienna State Opera</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>30 June 1998</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iolanda_Bala%C8%99" title="Iolanda Balaș">Iolanda Balaș</a></td> <td>Olympic <a href="/wiki/High_jump" title="High jump">high jumper</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>22 February 2000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ana_Blandiana" title="Ana Blandiana">Ana Blandiana</a></td> <td>Poet, novelist, publicist, essayist </td></tr> <tr> <td>27 February 2001</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Clement" title="Wolfgang Clement">Wolfgang Clement</a></td> <td>Minister-President of North Rhine-Westphalia </td></tr> <tr> <td>29 January 2002</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cosmin_Contra" title="Cosmin Contra">Cosmin Contra</a></td> <td>Football player and manager </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 November 2003</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Simona_Am%C3%A2nar" title="Simona Amânar">Simona Amânar</a></td> <td>Olympic <a href="/wiki/Gymnast" class="mw-redirect" title="Gymnast">gymnast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>18 May 2004</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Weissmuller" title="Johnny Weissmuller">Johnny Weissmuller</a></td> <td>Olympic <a href="/wiki/Swimmer" class="mw-redirect" title="Swimmer">swimmer</a>, actor </td></tr> <tr> <td>30 January 2007</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paul_Goma" title="Paul Goma">Paul Goma</a></td> <td>Novelist, essayist, memoirist, anti-communist dissident </td></tr> <tr> <td>24 April 2007</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mihai_%C8%98ora" title="Mihai Șora">Mihai Șora</a></td> <td>Philosopher, essayist </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 July 2007</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mugur_Is%C4%83rescu" title="Mugur Isărescu">Mugur Isărescu</a></td> <td>Governor of <a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Romania" title="National Bank of Romania">BNR</a>, prime minister of Romania </td></tr> <tr> <td>23 April 2013</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Illy" title="Francesco Illy">Francesco Illy</a></td> <td>Founder of <a href="/wiki/Illy" title="Illy">illy</a>, inventor of <a href="/wiki/Espresso_machine" title="Espresso machine">espresso machine</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>22 October 2013</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chester_Williams" title="Chester Williams">Chester Williams</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">Rugby</a> player </td></tr> <tr> <td>23 January 2015</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Hell" title="Stefan Hell">Stefan Hell</a></td> <td>Physicist, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize</a> laureate </td></tr> <tr> <td>20 March 2015</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peter_Freund" title="Peter Freund">Peter Freund</a></td> <td>Physicist </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 May 2016</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dumitru_Prunariu" title="Dumitru Prunariu">Dumitru Prunariu</a><a href="#cite_note-331">[329]</a></td> <td>Cosmonaut </td></tr> <tr> <td>27 November 2019</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ion_Ivanovici" title="Ion Ivanovici">Ion Ivanovici</a><a href="#cite_note-332">[330]</a></td> <td>Clarinettist, conductor, composer </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=66" title="Edit section: International relations">edit</a>]</div> Timișoara hosts two general consulates (<a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>)<a href="#cite_note-333">[331]</a> and 19 honorary consulates (<a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-334">[332]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>).<a href="#cite_note-335">[333]</a><a href="#cite_note-336">[334]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities">Twin towns – sister cities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=67" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Romania" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Romania">List of twin towns and sister cities in Romania</a></div> Timișoara is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<a href="#cite_note-337">[335]</a><a href="#cite_note-338">[336]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a>, Austria (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mulhouse" title="Mulhouse">Mulhouse</a>, France (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Faenza" title="Faenza">Faenza</a>, Italy (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe" title="Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a>, Germany (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Rueil-Malmaison" title="Rueil-Malmaison">Rueil-Malmaison</a>, France (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Szeged" title="Szeged">Szeged</a>, Hungary (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gera" title="Gera">Gera</a>, Germany (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Treviso" title="Treviso">Treviso</a>, Italy (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia"><img alt="Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a>, Serbia (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a>, Italy (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a>, China (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a>, United Kingdom (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Chernivtsi" title="Chernivtsi">Chernivtsi</a>, Ukraine (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru"><img alt="Peru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Trujillo,_Peru" title="Trujillo, Peru">Trujillo</a>, Peru (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam"><img alt="Vietnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Da_Nang" title="Da Nang">Da Nang</a>, Vietnam (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lublin" title="Lublin">Lublin</a>, Poland (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a>, Portugal (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Canc%C3%BAn" title="Cancún">Cancún</a>, Mexico (2019)<a href="#cite_note-339">[337]</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=68" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved 22 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Adev%C4%83rul&rft.atitle=Prima+atestare+documentar%C4%83+a+Timi%C8%99oarei%2C+controvers%C4%83+printre+istorici%3A+%22Singura+dat%C4%83+neatacabil%C4%83+este+1266%22&rft.date=2015-04-20&rft.aulast=Both&rft.aufirst=%C8%98tefan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadevarul.ro%2Flocale%2Ftimisoara%2Fprima-atestare-documentara-timisoarei-controversa-printre-istorici--singura-data-neatacabila-1266-1_5534aae5cfbe376e35569cbf%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSzentkláray1911" class="citation book cs1">Szentkláray, Jenő (1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arcanum.hu/hu/online-kiadvanyok/Borovszky-borovszky-samu-magyarorszag-varmegyei-es-varosai-1/temesvar-1A7E9/temesvar-tortenete-irta-szentklaray-jeno-dr-apatkanonok-1A86F/">Temesvár története</a>. Budapest: Országos Monográfia Társaság. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180629021758/https://www.arcanum.hu/hu/online-kiadvanyok/Borovszky-borovszky-samu-magyarorszag-varmegyei-es-varosai-1/temesvar-1A7E9/temesvar-tortenete-irta-szentklaray-jeno-dr-apatkanonok-1A86F/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 6 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Temesv%C3%A1r+t%C3%B6rt%C3%A9nete&rft.place=Budapest&rft.pub=Orsz%C3%A1gos+Monogr%C3%A1fia+T%C3%A1rsas%C3%A1g&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Szentkl%C3%A1ray&rft.aufirst=Jen%C5%91&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arcanum.hu%2Fhu%2Fonline-kiadvanyok%2FBorovszky-borovszky-samu-magyarorszag-varmegyei-es-varosai-1%2Ftemesvar-1A7E9%2Ftemesvar-tortenete-irta-szentklaray-jeno-dr-apatkanonok-1A86F%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hategan-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hategan_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hategan_46-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHațeganBoldeaȚeicu2006" class="citation book cs1">Hațegan, Ioan; Boldea, Ligia; Țeicu, Dumitru (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130903080729/http://www.bjt.ro/bv/ScritoriBanateni/HATEGAN_Ioan/Hategan%20Banatul%20934-1552.pdf">Cronologia Banatului</a> (PDF). Vol. II. Editura Banatul. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/973-7836-56-1" title="Special:BookSources/973-7836-56-1"><bdi>973-7836-56-1</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bjt.ro/bv/ScritoriBanateni/HATEGAN_Ioan/Hategan%20Banatul%20934-1552.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 3 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cronologia+Banatului&rft.pub=Editura+Banatul&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=973-7836-56-1&rft.aulast=Ha%C8%9Began&rft.aufirst=Ioan&rft.au=Boldea%2C+Ligia&rft.au=%C8%9Aeicu%2C+Dumitru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bjt.ro%2Fbv%2FScritoriBanateni%2FHATEGAN_Ioan%2FHategan%2520Banatul%2520934-1552.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-munteanu-47"><a href="#cite_ref-munteanu_47-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMunteanuMunteanu2002" class="citation book cs1">Munteanu, Ioan; Munteanu, Rodica (2002). Timișoara. Monografie. Timișoara: Editura Mirton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/973-585-650-6" title="Special:BookSources/973-585-650-6"><bdi>973-585-650-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Timi%C8%99oara.+Monografie&rft.place=Timi%C8%99oara&rft.pub=Editura+Mirton&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=973-585-650-6&rft.aulast=Munteanu&rft.aufirst=Ioan&rft.au=Munteanu%2C+Rodica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoth2012" class="citation web cs1">Both, Ștefan (28 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adevarul.ro/locale/timisoara/aniversare-trista-timisoara-1552-s-a-lasat-intunericul-dominatiei-otomane-banat-1_50aef2737c42d5a663a1d771/index.html">"Aniversare tristă pentru Timișoara: în 1552 s-a lăsat întunericul dominației otomane în Banat"</a>. Adevărul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305151501/http://adevarul.ro/locale/timisoara/aniversare-trista-timisoara-1552-s-a-lasat-intunericul-dominatiei-otomane-banat-1_50aef2737c42d5a663a1d771/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 22 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Adev%C4%83rul&rft.atitle=Aniversare+trist%C4%83+pentru+Timi%C8%99oara%3A+%C3%AEn+1552+s-a+l%C4%83sat+%C3%AEntunericul+domina%C8%9Biei+otomane+%C3%AEn+Banat&rft.date=2012-07-28&rft.aulast=Both&rft.aufirst=%C8%98tefan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadevarul.ro%2Flocale%2Ftimisoara%2Faniversare-trista-timisoara-1552-s-a-lasat-intunericul-dominatiei-otomane-banat-1_50aef2737c42d5a663a1d771%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorn2023" class="citation book cs1">Born, Robert (2023). "Temeswar as an Imperial City in the First Half of the Eighteenth Century". In Ulrich, Hofmeister; Florian, Riedler (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w3LREAAAQBAJ">Imperial Cities in the Tsarist, the Habsburg, and the Ottoman Empires</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-003-13003-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-003-13003-1"><bdi>978-1-003-13003-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Temeswar+as+an+Imperial+City+in+the+First+Half+of+the+Eighteenth+Century&rft.btitle=Imperial+Cities+in+the+Tsarist%2C+the+Habsburg%2C+and+the+Ottoman+Empires&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-1-003-13003-1&rft.aulast=Born&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw3LREAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKornauthKreutel1966" class="citation book cs1">Kornauth, Friedrich; Kreutel, Richard Franz, eds. (1966). "Zwischen Paschas und Generälen. Bericht des Osman Aga aus Temeschwar, über die Höhepunkte seines Wirkens als Diwansdolmetscher und Diplomat". Osmanische Geschichtsschreiber. Vol. V. Verlag Styria. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0473-5129">0473-5129</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Zwischen+Paschas+und+Gener%C3%A4len.+Bericht+des+Osman+Aga+aus+Temeschwar%2C+%C3%BCber+die+H%C3%B6hepunkte+seines+Wirkens+als+Diwansdolmetscher+und+Diplomat&rft.btitle=Osmanische+Geschichtsschreiber&rft.pub=Verlag+Styria&rft.date=1966&rft.issn=0473-5129&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDragalina1900" class="citation book cs1">Dragalina, Patriciu (1900). Din istoria Banatului de Severin. Vol. II. Biblioteca Noastră. pp. 44–45.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Din+istoria+Banatului+de+Severin&rft.pages=44-45&rft.pub=Biblioteca+Noastr%C4%83&rft.date=1900&rft.aulast=Dragalina&rft.aufirst=Patriciu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriselini2006" class="citation book cs1">Griselini, Francesco (2006). Încercare de istorie politică și naturală a Banatului Timișoarei (2nd ed.). Editura de Vest. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-973-36-0422-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-973-36-0422-8"><bdi>978-973-36-0422-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%C3%8Encercare+de+istorie+politic%C4%83+%C8%99i+natural%C4%83+a+Banatului+Timi%C8%99oarei&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Editura+de+Vest&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-973-36-0422-8&rft.aulast=Griselini&rft.aufirst=Francesco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-iliesiu-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iliesiu_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-iliesiu_53-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIlieșiu2006" class="citation book cs1">Ilieșiu, Nicolae (2006). Timișoara: monografie istorică (3rd ed.). Planetarium. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/973-7836-92-8" title="Special:BookSources/973-7836-92-8"><bdi>973-7836-92-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Timi%C8%99oara%3A+monografie+istoric%C4%83&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Planetarium&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=973-7836-92-8&rft.aulast=Ilie%C8%99iu&rft.aufirst=Nicolae&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-i&u-54">^ <a href="#cite_ref-i&u_54-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-i&u_54-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151003121307/https://www.timisoara-info.ro/ro/component/content/article/45-informatii-practice/358-urbanism.html">"Istorie și urbanism"</a>. Timisoara-Info.ro. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timisoara-info.ro/ro/component/content/article/45-informatii-practice/358-urbanism.html">the original</a> on 3 October 2015. Retrieved 22 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Timisoara-Info.ro&rft.atitle=Istorie+%C8%99i+urbanism&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timisoara-info.ro%2Fro%2Fcomponent%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F45-informatii-practice%2F358-urbanism.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoth2014" class="citation web cs1">Both, Ștefan (29 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adevarul.ro/locale/timisoara/industria-timisoarei-inflorirea-imperiul-austro-ungar-intreprinderile-comuniste-smecheriile-democratia-originala-1_535f5d910d133766a830736b/index.html">"Industria Timișoarei, de la înflorirea din imperiul Austro-Ungar la intreprinderile comuniste și la șmecheriile din "democrația originală""</a>. Adevărul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190924080143/https://adevarul.ro/locale/timisoara/industria-timisoarei-inflorirea-imperiul-austro-ungar-intreprinderile-comuniste-smecheriile-democratia-originala-1_535f5d910d133766a830736b/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2019. Retrieved 24 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Adev%C4%83rul&rft.atitle=Industria+Timi%C8%99oarei%2C+de+la+%C3%AEnflorirea+din+imperiul+Austro-Ungar+la+intreprinderile+comuniste+%C8%99i+la+%C8%99mecheriile+din+%22democra%C8%9Bia+original%C4%83%22&rft.date=2014-04-29&rft.aulast=Both&rft.aufirst=%C8%98tefan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadevarul.ro%2Flocale%2Ftimisoara%2Findustria-timisoarei-inflorirea-imperiul-austro-ungar-intreprinderile-comuniste-smecheriile-democratia-originala-1_535f5d910d133766a830736b%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPopescu2018" class="citation web cs1">Popescu, Cristina (1 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.banatulazi.ro/fabricile-celebre-ale-timisoarei-din-comunism-facute-una-cu-pamantul-in-capitalism/">"Fabricile celebre ale Timișoarei din comunism, făcute una cu pământul în capitalism!"</a>. Banatul Azi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190924080140/https://www.banatulazi.ro/fabricile-celebre-ale-timisoarei-din-comunism-facute-una-cu-pamantul-in-capitalism/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2019. Retrieved 24 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Banatul+Azi&rft.atitle=Fabricile+celebre+ale+Timi%C8%99oarei+din+comunism%2C+f%C4%83cute+una+cu+p%C4%83m%C3%A2ntul+%C3%AEn+capitalism%21&rft.date=2018-09-01&rft.aulast=Popescu&rft.aufirst=Cristina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.banatulazi.ro%2Ffabricile-celebre-ale-timisoarei-din-comunism-facute-una-cu-pamantul-in-capitalism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKotkin2010" class="citation book cs1">Kotkin, Stephen (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-KP7BQ3oXXgC">Uncivil Society: 1989 and the Implosion of the Communist Establishment</a>. Modern Library. pp. 84–87. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8129-6679-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8129-6679-4"><bdi>978-0-8129-6679-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231114204221/https://books.google.com/books?id=-KP7BQ3oXXgC">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2023. 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Portal Legislativ. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128092750/http://legislatie.just.ro/Public/DetaliiDocument/97172">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Portal+Legislativ&rft.atitle=HOT%C4%82R%C3%82RE+nr.+998+din+27+august+2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flegislatie.just.ro%2FPublic%2FDetaliiDocument%2F97172&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ins-2011-77"><a href="#cite_ref-ins-2011_77-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181221145251/http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/sR_Tab_31.xls">"Tab3. Populația stabilă pe sexe și grupe de vârstă – județe, municipii, orașe, comune"</a>. Institutul Național de Statistică. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/sR_Tab_31.xls">the original</a> on 21 December 2018. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Institutul+Na%C8%9Bional+de+Statistic%C4%83&rft.atitle=Tab3.+Popula%C8%9Bia+stabil%C4%83+pe+sexe+%C8%99i+grupe+de+v%C3%A2rst%C4%83+%E2%80%93+jude%C8%9Be%2C+municipii%2C+ora%C8%99e%2C+comune&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.recensamantromania.ro%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2013%2F07%2FsR_Tab_31.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPantea2023" class="citation web cs1">Pantea, Raluca (18 January 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://expressdebanat.ro/ciudatenia-cifrelor-timisul-are-mai-putini-locuitori-ca-acum-10-ani-insa-timisoara-ramane-cel-mai-atractiv-oras-dupa-bucuresti/">"Ciudățenia cifrelor: Timișul are mai puțini locuitori ca acum 10 ani, însă Timișoara rămâne cel mai atractiv oraș, după București"</a>. Express de Banat. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230614074917/https://expressdebanat.ro/ciudatenia-cifrelor-timisul-are-mai-putini-locuitori-ca-acum-10-ani-insa-timisoara-ramane-cel-mai-atractiv-oras-dupa-bucuresti/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 June 2023. Retrieved 14 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Express+de+Banat&rft.atitle=Ciud%C4%83%C8%9Benia+cifrelor%3A+Timi%C8%99ul+are+mai+pu%C8%9Bini+locuitori+ca+acum+10+ani%2C+%C3%AEns%C4%83+Timi%C8%99oara+r%C4%83m%C3%A2ne+cel+mai+atractiv+ora%C8%99%2C+dup%C4%83+Bucure%C8%99ti&rft.date=2023-01-18&rft.aulast=Pantea&rft.aufirst=Raluca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexpressdebanat.ro%2Fciudatenia-cifrelor-timisul-are-mai-putini-locuitori-ca-acum-10-ani-insa-timisoara-ramane-cel-mai-atractiv-oras-dupa-bucuresti%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIedu2023" class="citation web cs1">Iedu, Liliana (31 January 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news.ro/social/prefectul-de-timis-timisoara-a-scazut-cu-68-440-de-locuitori-pentru-ca-primaria-timisoara-nu-a-reusit-sa-angajeze-recenzori-dominic-fritz-este-evident-ca-populatia-noastra-nu-este-in-scadere-1922401531582023011821000613">"Prefectul de Timiș: Timișoara a scăzut cu 68.440 de locuitori pentru că Primăria Timişoara nu a reușit să angajeze recenzori/ Dominic Fritz: este evident că populația noastră nu este în scădere"</a>. News.ro. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230614074916/https://www.news.ro/social/prefectul-de-timis-timisoara-a-scazut-cu-68-440-de-locuitori-pentru-ca-primaria-timisoara-nu-a-reusit-sa-angajeze-recenzori-dominic-fritz-este-evident-ca-populatia-noastra-nu-este-in-scadere-1922401531582023011821000613">Archived</a> from the original on 14 June 2023. Retrieved 14 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News.ro&rft.atitle=Prefectul+de+Timi%C8%99%3A+Timi%C8%99oara+a+sc%C4%83zut+cu+68.440+de+locuitori+pentru+c%C4%83+Prim%C4%83ria+Timi%C5%9Foara+nu+a+reu%C8%99it+s%C4%83+angajeze+recenzori%2F+Dominic+Fritz%3A+este+evident+c%C4%83+popula%C8%9Bia+noastr%C4%83+nu+este+%C3%AEn+sc%C4%83dere&rft.date=2023-01-31&rft.aulast=Iedu&rft.aufirst=Liliana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.ro%2Fsocial%2Fprefectul-de-timis-timisoara-a-scazut-cu-68-440-de-locuitori-pentru-ca-primaria-timisoara-nu-a-reusit-sa-angajeze-recenzori-dominic-fritz-este-evident-ca-populatia-noastra-nu-este-in-scadere-1922401531582023011821000613&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPop2023" class="citation web cs1">Pop, Iulia (1 February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observatornews.ro/eveniment/recensamant-aproape-70000-de-timisoreni-dati-disparuti-scandal-dupa-ultima-numaratoare-reactie-dura-a-primarului-dominic-fritz-509598.html">"Recensământ. Aproape 70.000 de timişoreni, daţi "dispăruţi". Scandal după ultima numărătoare: reacţie dură a primarului Dominic Fritz"</a>. Observator.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Observator&rft.atitle=Recens%C4%83m%C3%A2nt.+Aproape+70.000+de+timi%C5%9Foreni%2C+da%C5%A3i+%22disp%C4%83ru%C5%A3i%22.+Scandal+dup%C4%83+ultima+num%C4%83r%C4%83toare%3A+reac%C5%A3ie+dur%C4%83+a+primarului+Dominic+Fritz&rft.date=2023-02-01&rft.aulast=Pop&rft.aufirst=Iulia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fobservatornews.ro%2Feveniment%2Frecensamant-aproape-70000-de-timisoreni-dati-disparuti-scandal-dupa-ultima-numaratoare-reactie-dura-a-primarului-dominic-fritz-509598.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/urb_lpop1/default/table?lang=en">"Population on 1 January by age groups and sex – functional urban areas"</a>. 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Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Magnet+Cities%3A+Migration+and+Commuting+in+Romania&rft.place=Bucharest&rft.pub=The+World+Bank&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-973-0-24659-9&rft.aulast=Cristea&rft.aufirst=Marius&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdocuments1.worldbank.org%2Fcurated%2Fen%2F327451497949480572%2Fpdf%2F116400-WP-P158178-PUBLIC-MagneticCities-Jun18-v4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tion.ro/stirile-judetului-timis/studiu-banca-mondiala-aproape-jumatate-din-locuitorii-timisoarei-sunt-nascuti-in-alte-parti-87197/">"Studiu Banca Mondială: Aproape jumătate din locuitorii Timișoarei sunt născuți în alte părți"</a>. 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Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Opinia+Timi%C8%99oarei&rft.atitle=Num%C4%83rul+bisericilor+%C3%AEn+Timi%C8%99oara+s-a+dublat+dup%C4%83+Revolu%C8%9Bie%21+Vezi+c%C3%A2te+l%C4%83ca%C8%99e+de+cult+s-au+ridicat+%C3%AEn+ultimii+22+de+ani%21&rft.date=2012-05-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.opiniatimisoarei.ro%2Fnumarul-bisericilor-in-timisoara-s-a-dublat-dupa-revolutie-vezi-cate-lacase-de-cult-s-au-ridicat-in-ultimii-22-de-ani%2F18%2F05%2F2012&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaraszti" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Haraszti, György. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/Timisoara">"Timișoara"</a>. The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230812105438/https://yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/timisoara">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2023. Retrieved 29 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Timi%C8%99oara&rft.btitle=The+YIVO+Encyclopedia+of+Jews+in+Eastern+Europe&rft.aulast=Haraszti&rft.aufirst=Gy%C3%B6rgy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyivoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle.aspx%2FTimisoara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoth2015" class="citation web cs1">Both, Ștefan (24 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adevarul.ro/locale/timisoara/foto-povestea-sinagogii-ortodoxe-timisoara-singurul-loc-capitala-banatului-mai-roaga-evreii-1_56001700f5eaafab2cd80dc7/index.html">"Povestea sinagogii ortodoxe din Timișoara, singurul loc din capitala Banatului în care se mai roagă evreii"</a>. Adevărul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220623015617/https://adevarul.ro/locale/timisoara/foto-povestea-sinagogii-ortodoxe-timisoara-singurul-loc-capitala-banatului-mai-roaga-evreii-1_56001700f5eaafab2cd80dc7/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 June 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Adev%C4%83rul&rft.atitle=Povestea+sinagogii+ortodoxe+din+Timi%C8%99oara%2C+singurul+loc+din+capitala+Banatului+%C3%AEn+care+se+mai+roag%C4%83+evreii&rft.date=2015-09-24&rft.aulast=Both&rft.aufirst=%C8%98tefan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadevarul.ro%2Flocale%2Ftimisoara%2Ffoto-povestea-sinagogii-ortodoxe-timisoara-singurul-loc-capitala-banatului-mai-roaga-evreii-1_56001700f5eaafab2cd80dc7%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adevarul.ro/stiri-locale/timisoara/sinagoga-din-cetate-reinaugurata-in-stil-mare-2165895.html">"Sinagoga din Cetate, reinaugurată în stil mare"</a>. Adevărul. 6 May 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221209194055/https://adevarul.ro/stiri-locale/timisoara/sinagoga-din-cetate-reinaugurata-in-stil-mare-2165895.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 December 2022. Retrieved 9 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Adev%C4%83rul&rft.atitle=Sinagoga+din+Cetate%2C+reinaugurat%C4%83+%C3%AEn+stil+mare&rft.date=2022-05-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadevarul.ro%2Fstiri-locale%2Ftimisoara%2Fsinagoga-din-cetate-reinaugurata-in-stil-mare-2165895.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilin1990" class="citation book cs1">Milin, Miodrag (1990). Timișoara, 15–21 decembrie '89. Întreprinderea Poligrafică Banat. p. 162.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Timi%C8%99oara%2C+15%E2%80%9321+decembrie+%2789&rft.pages=162&rft.pub=%C3%8Entreprinderea+Poligrafic%C4%83+Banat&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Milin&rft.aufirst=Miodrag&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLansford2019" class="citation book cs1">Lansford, Tom, ed. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VCFoDwAAQBAJ">Political Handbook of the World 2018–2019</a>. Vol. 1. CQ Press. p. 2040. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5443-2712-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5443-2712-9"><bdi>978-1-5443-2712-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0193-175X">0193-175X</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231114204224/https://books.google.com/books?id=VCFoDwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2023. Retrieved 31 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Handbook+of+the+World+2018%E2%80%932019&rft.pages=2040&rft.pub=CQ+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.issn=0193-175X&rft.isbn=978-1-5443-2712-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVCFoDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIedu2020" class="citation web cs1">Iedu, Liliana (28 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news.ro/politic-intern/alegeri-locale-2020-dominic-fritz-noul-primar-al-municipiului-timisoara-cu-peste-52-din-voturi-rezultate-partiale-1922402928452020091219495170">"ALEGERI LOCALE 2020 – Dominic Fritz, noul primar al municipiului Timișoara, cu peste 52% din voturi – Rezultate parțiale"</a>. News.ro. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128012722/https://www.news.ro/politic-intern/alegeri-locale-2020-dominic-fritz-noul-primar-al-municipiului-timisoara-cu-peste-52-din-voturi-rezultate-partiale-1922402928452020091219495170">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News.ro&rft.atitle=ALEGERI+LOCALE+2020+%E2%80%93+Dominic+Fritz%2C+noul+primar+al+municipiului+Timi%C8%99oara%2C+cu+peste+52%25+din+voturi+%E2%80%93+Rezultate+par%C8%9Biale&rft.date=2020-09-28&rft.aulast=Iedu&rft.aufirst=Liliana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.ro%2Fpolitic-intern%2Falegeri-locale-2020-dominic-fritz-noul-primar-al-municipiului-timisoara-cu-peste-52-din-voturi-rezultate-partiale-1922402928452020091219495170&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIon2024" class="citation web cs1">Ion, Raluca (10 June 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://republica.ro/dominic-fritz-a-anuntat-ca-a-castigat-un-nou-mandat-de-primar-al-timisoarei-ce-se-intampla-in-alte-orase">"Dominic Fritz a anunțat că a câștigat un nou mandat de primar al Timișoarei. Ce se întâmplă în alte orașe mari din țară"</a>. Republica.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Republica&rft.atitle=Dominic+Fritz+a+anun%C8%9Bat+c%C4%83+a+c%C3%A2%C8%99tigat+un+nou+mandat+de+primar+al+Timi%C8%99oarei.+Ce+se+%C3%AEnt%C3%A2mpl%C4%83+%C3%AEn+alte+ora%C8%99e+mari+din+%C8%9Bar%C4%83&rft.date=2024-06-10&rft.aulast=Ion&rft.aufirst=Raluca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepublica.ro%2Fdominic-fritz-a-anuntat-ca-a-castigat-un-nou-mandat-de-primar-al-timisoarei-ce-se-intampla-in-alte-orase&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-civicul2003-104">^ <a href="#cite_ref-civicul2003_104-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-civicul2003_104-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hcl.civicul.ro/view-hcl/hcl_195_16.09.2003">"Hotărârea 195/16.09.2003 privind constituirea Consiliilor Consultative de Cartier"</a>. Timișoara HCL. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128060741/https://hcl.civicul.ro/view-hcl/hcl_195_16.09.2003">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Timi%C8%99oara+HCL&rft.atitle=Hot%C4%83r%C3%A2rea+195%2F16.09.2003+privind+constituirea+Consiliilor+Consultative+de+Cartier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhcl.civicul.ro%2Fview-hcl%2Fhcl_195_16.09.2003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hcl.civicul.ro/view-hcl/hcl_586_21.11.2013">"Hotărârea 586/21.11.2013 privind reorganizarea pe zone a Consiliilor consultative de cartier din municipiul Timișoara"</a>. Timișoara HCL. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128144311/https://hcl.civicul.ro/view-hcl/hcl_586_21.11.2013">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Timi%C8%99oara+HCL&rft.atitle=Hot%C4%83r%C3%A2rea+586%2F21.11.2013+privind+reorganizarea+pe+zone+a+Consiliilor+consultative+de+cartier+din+municipiul+Timi%C8%99oara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhcl.civicul.ro%2Fview-hcl%2Fhcl_586_21.11.2013&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cdep.ro/pls/legis/legis_pck.htp_act_text?idt=27123">"LEGE nr. 215 din 23 aprilie 2001"</a>. Camera Deputaților. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080321151128/http://www.cdep.ro/pls/legis/legis_pck.htp_act_text?idt=27123">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2008. Retrieved 28 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Camera+Deputa%C8%9Bilor&rft.atitle=LEGE+nr.+215+din+23+aprilie+2001&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdep.ro%2Fpls%2Flegis%2Flegis_pck.htp_act_text%3Fidt%3D27123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRieser1992" class="citation book cs1">Rieser, Hans-Heinrich (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0dBqQ_lsYD8C">Temeswar: geographische Beschreibung der Banater Hauptstadt</a>. Sigmaringen: Thorbecke. p. 101. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7995-2501-7" title="Special:BookSources/3-7995-2501-7"><bdi>3-7995-2501-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Temeswar%3A+geographische+Beschreibung+der+Banater+Hauptstadt&rft.place=Sigmaringen&rft.pages=101&rft.pub=Thorbecke&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=3-7995-2501-7&rft.aulast=Rieser&rft.aufirst=Hans-Heinrich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0dBqQ_lsYD8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130617070924/http://exonyme.bplaced.net/Board/Thread-Banat-Ost-Banat">"Banat (Ost-Banat)"</a>. Exonyme – Vergessene Ortsnamen NG. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://exonyme.bplaced.net/Board/Thread-Banat-Ost-Banat">the original</a> on 17 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Exonyme+%E2%80%93+Vergessene+Ortsnamen+NG&rft.atitle=Banat+%28Ost-Banat%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fexonyme.bplaced.net%2FBoard%2FThread-Banat-Ost-Banat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSzabó2003" class="citation book cs1">Szabó, Attila M. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arcanum.com/hu/online-kiadvanyok/ErdelyHelysegnevTar-erdely-bansag-es-partium-torteneti-es-kozigazgatasi-helysegnevtara-1/telepulesek-1C9/">Erdély, Bánság és Partium történeti és közigazgatási helységnévtára</a>. Miercurea Ciuc: Pro-Print. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/973-8468-01-9" title="Special:BookSources/973-8468-01-9"><bdi>973-8468-01-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171354/https://www.arcanum.com/hu/online-kiadvanyok/ErdelyHelysegnevTar-erdely-bansag-es-partium-torteneti-es-kozigazgatasi-helysegnevtara-1/telepulesek-1C9/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 17 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Erd%C3%A9ly%2C+B%C3%A1ns%C3%A1g+%C3%A9s+Partium+t%C3%B6rt%C3%A9neti+%C3%A9s+k%C3%B6zigazgat%C3%A1si+helys%C3%A9gn%C3%A9vt%C3%A1ra&rft.place=Miercurea+Ciuc&rft.pub=Pro-Print&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=973-8468-01-9&rft.aulast=Szab%C3%B3&rft.aufirst=Attila+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arcanum.com%2Fhu%2Fonline-kiadvanyok%2FErdelyHelysegnevTar-erdely-bansag-es-partium-torteneti-es-kozigazgatasi-helysegnevtara-1%2Ftelepulesek-1C9%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jaeger.banater-archiv.de/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara">"Timișoara"</a>. Stefan Jäger Archiv. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210129213444/https://jaeger.banater-archiv.de/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara">Archived</a> from the original on 29 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stefan+J%C3%A4ger+Archiv&rft.atitle=Timi%C8%99oara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjaeger.banater-archiv.de%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DTimi%25C8%2599oara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMladin2013" class="citation web cs1">Mladin, Maria (1 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210120043723/http://cjtimis.ro/judetul-timis/unitati-administrativ-teritoriale/municipiul-timisoara.html">"Fișa Primăriei municipiului Timișoara pe anul 2013"</a>. Consiliul Județean Timiș. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cjtimis.ro/judetul-timis/unitati-administrativ-teritoriale/municipiul-timisoara.html">the original</a> on 20 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Consiliul+Jude%C8%9Bean+Timi%C8%99&rft.atitle=Fi%C8%99a+Prim%C4%83riei+municipiului+Timi%C8%99oara+pe+anul+2013&rft.date=2013-04-01&rft.aulast=Mladin&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cjtimis.ro%2Fjudetul-timis%2Funitati-administrativ-teritoriale%2Fmunicipiul-timisoara.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetzoldt2021" class="citation journal cs1">Petzoldt, Silvia (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deruge.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/2021_Sommer.pdf">"Banater Theater- und Familiengeschichte im Spiegel einer Reiseerzählung"</a> (PDF). Deutsch-Rumänische Hefte. 25 (1): 39. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1618-1980">1618-1980</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231008105241/https://www.deruge.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/2021_Sommer.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 25 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deutsch-Rum%C3%A4nische+Hefte&rft.atitle=Banater+Theater-+und+Familiengeschichte+im+Spiegel+einer+Reiseerz%C3%A4hlung&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=39&rft.date=2021&rft.issn=1618-1980&rft.aulast=Petzoldt&rft.aufirst=Silvia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deruge.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2021%2F10%2F2021_Sommer.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://heritageoftimisoara.ro/cartiere">"Cartiere"</a>. Heritage of Timișoara. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127063303/https://heritageoftimisoara.ro/cartiere">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Heritage+of+Timi%C8%99oara&rft.atitle=Cartiere&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fheritageoftimisoara.ro%2Fcartiere&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://galtimisoara.ro/doar-impreuna-reusim/">"Listă cartiere"</a>. GAL Timișoara.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GAL+Timi%C8%99oara&rft.atitle=List%C4%83+cartiere&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgaltimisoara.ro%2Fdoar-impreuna-reusim%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Analiza situației actuale". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://decidem.primariatm.ro/rails/active_storage/disk/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdDRG9JYTJWNVNTSWhaMlJrYm14bE9HeHFiRGw1TjJwb2FtdDNOR1J3YVRWMFkyTjNjd1k2QmtWVU9oQmthWE53YjNOcGRHbHZia2tpZUdsdWJHbHVaVHNnWm1sc1pXNWhiV1U5SWtGT1FVeEpXa0VnVTBsVVZVRlVTVVZKSUVGRFZGVkJURVZmUTA5TlVDNXdaR1lpT3lCbWFXeGxibUZ0WlNvOVZWUkdMVGduSjBGT1FVeEpXa0VsTWpCVFNWUlZRU1ZET0NVNVFVbEZTU1V5TUVGRFZGVkJURVZmUTA5TlVDNXdaR1lHT3daVU9oRmpiMjUwWlc1MFgzUjVjR1ZKSWhSaGNIQnNhV05oZEdsdmJpOXdaR1lHT3daVSIsImV4cCI6IjIwMjMtMTEtMjBUMTk6MzI6MTIuMDY2WiIsInB1ciI6ImJsb2Jfa2V5In19--7ae2c1d25d8aee1a3333919bfd4576d2787a5a42/ANALIZA%20SITUA%C8%9AIEI%20ACTUALE_COMP.pdf?content_type=application%2Fpdf&disposition=inline%3B+filename%3D%22ANALIZA+SITUATIEI+ACTUALE_COMP.pdf%22%3B+filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27ANALIZA%2520SITUA%25C8%259AIEI%2520ACTUALE_COMP.pdf">Strategia Integrată de Dezvoltare Urbană a municipiului Timișoara și a zonei urbane funcționale</a> (PDF). p. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Analiza+situa%C8%9Biei+actuale&rft.btitle=Strategia+Integrat%C4%83+de+Dezvoltare+Urban%C4%83+a+municipiului+Timi%C8%99oara+%C8%99i+a+zonei+urbane+func%C8%9Bionale&rft.pages=6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdecidem.primariatm.ro%2Frails%2Factive_storage%2Fdisk%2FeyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdDRG9JYTJWNVNTSWhaMlJrYm14bE9HeHFiRGw1TjJwb2FtdDNOR1J3YVRWMFkyTjNjd1k2QmtWVU9oQmthWE53YjNOcGRHbHZia2tpZUdsdWJHbHVaVHNnWm1sc1pXNWhiV1U5SWtGT1FVeEpXa0VnVTBsVVZVRlVTVVZKSUVGRFZGVkJURVZmUTA5TlVDNXdaR1lpT3lCbWFXeGxibUZ0WlNvOVZWUkdMVGduSjBGT1FVeEpXa0VsTWpCVFNWUlZRU1ZET0NVNVFVbEZTU1V5TUVGRFZGVkJURVZmUTA5TlVDNXdaR1lHT3daVU9oRmpiMjUwWlc1MFgzUjVjR1ZKSWhSaGNIQnNhV05oZEdsdmJpOXdaR1lHT3daVSIsImV4cCI6IjIwMjMtMTEtMjBUMTk6MzI6MTIuMDY2WiIsInB1ciI6ImJsb2Jfa2V5In19--7ae2c1d25d8aee1a3333919bfd4576d2787a5a42%2FANALIZA%2520SITUA%25C8%259AIEI%2520ACTUALE_COMP.pdf%3Fcontent_type%3Dapplication%252Fpdf%26disposition%3Dinline%253B%2Bfilename%253D%2522ANALIZA%2BSITUATIEI%2BACTUALE_COMP.pdf%2522%253B%2Bfilename%252A%253DUTF-8%2527%2527ANALIZA%252520SITUA%2525C8%25259AIEI%252520ACTUALE_COMP.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zf.ro/eveniment/timisoara-isi-pregateste-zona-metropolitana-3176076">"Timișoara își pregătește zona metropolitană"</a>. Ziarul Financiar. 24 July 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128070132/https://www.zf.ro/eveniment/timisoara-isi-pregateste-zona-metropolitana-3176076">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ziarul+Financiar&rft.atitle=Timi%C8%99oara+%C3%AE%C8%99i+preg%C4%83te%C8%99te+zona+metropolitan%C4%83&rft.date=2008-07-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zf.ro%2Feveniment%2Ftimisoara-isi-pregateste-zona-metropolitana-3176076&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/338051580282390068/pdf/Romania-Catching-Up-Regions-Interjurisdictional-Cooperation-Models.pdf">"Modele de cooperare interjurisdicțională"</a> (PDF). The World Bank. 2018. pp. 152–153. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128052853/http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/338051580282390068/pdf/Romania-Catching-Up-Regions-Interjurisdictional-Cooperation-Models.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Bank&rft.atitle=Modele+de+cooperare+interjurisdic%C8%9Bional%C4%83&rft.pages=152-153&rft.date=2018&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdocuments1.worldbank.org%2Fcurated%2Fen%2F338051580282390068%2Fpdf%2FRomania-Catching-Up-Regions-Interjurisdictional-Cooperation-Models.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitricăGrigorescu2016" class="citation book cs1">Mitrică, Bianca; Grigorescu, Ines (2016). "Dezvoltarea urbană și ariile metropolitane". In Bălteanu, Dan; et al. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313679886">România. Natură și societate</a>. Editura Academiei Române. pp. 250–291.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dezvoltarea+urban%C4%83+%C8%99i+ariile+metropolitane&rft.btitle=Rom%C3%A2nia.+Natur%C4%83+%C8%99i+societate&rft.pages=250-291&rft.pub=Editura+Academiei+Rom%C3%A2ne&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Mitric%C4%83&rft.aufirst=Bianca&rft.au=Grigorescu%2C+Ines&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F313679886&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ins-2016-121"><a href="#cite_ref-ins-2016_121-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://insse.ro/cms/sites/default/files/field/publicatii/populatia_romaniei_pe_localitati_la_1ianuarie2016_0.pdf">"Populația României pe localități la 1 ianuarie 2016 (după domiciliu)"</a> (PDF). Institutul Național de Statistică. 2016. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2066-2181">2066-2181</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200404085935/https://insse.ro/cms/sites/default/files/field/publicatii/populatia_romaniei_pe_localitati_la_1ianuarie2016_0.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 4 April 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Institutul+Na%C8%9Bional+de+Statistic%C4%83&rft.atitle=Popula%C8%9Bia+Rom%C3%A2niei+pe+localit%C4%83%C8%9Bi+la+1+ianuarie+2016+%28dup%C4%83+domiciliu%29&rft.date=2016&rft.issn=2066-2181&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finsse.ro%2Fcms%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Ffield%2Fpublicatii%2Fpopulatia_romaniei_pe_localitati_la_1ianuarie2016_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ot-122">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ot_122-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ot_122-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opiniatimisoarei.ro/in-ultimii-20-de-ani-timisoara-s-a-extins-cu-1-000-de-hectare-vezi-aici-in-ce-directii-si-cum-anume-a-crescut-orasul/25/11/2011">"În ultimii 20 de ani, Timișoara s-a extins cu 1.000 de hectare! Vezi aici în ce direcții și cum anume a crescut orașul!"</a>. Opinia Timișoarei. 25 November 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210118162242/http://www.opiniatimisoarei.ro/in-ultimii-20-de-ani-timisoara-s-a-extins-cu-1-000-de-hectare-vezi-aici-in-ce-directii-si-cum-anume-a-crescut-orasul/25/11/2011">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Opinia+Timi%C8%99oarei&rft.atitle=%C3%8En+ultimii+20+de+ani%2C+Timi%C8%99oara+s-a+extins+cu+1.000+de+hectare%21+Vezi+aici+%C3%AEn+ce+direc%C8%9Bii+%C8%99i+cum+anume+a+crescut+ora%C8%99ul%21&rft.date=2011-11-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.opiniatimisoarei.ro%2Fin-ultimii-20-de-ani-timisoara-s-a-extins-cu-1-000-de-hectare-vezi-aici-in-ce-directii-si-cum-anume-a-crescut-orasul%2F25%2F11%2F2011&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opiniatimisoarei.ro/a-fost-semnat-actul-de-nastere-al-metropolei-timisoara-arad-cum-se-vor-dezvolta-cele-doua-municipii-impreuna/02/08/2016">"A fost semnat actul de naștere al metropolei Timișoara-Arad. Cum se vor dezvolta cele două municipii împreună?"</a>. Opinia Timișoarei. 2 August 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128083345/https://www.opiniatimisoarei.ro/a-fost-semnat-actul-de-nastere-al-metropolei-timisoara-arad-cum-se-vor-dezvolta-cele-doua-municipii-impreuna/02/08/2016">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Opinia+Timi%C8%99oarei&rft.atitle=A+fost+semnat+actul+de+na%C8%99tere+al+metropolei+Timi%C8%99oara-Arad.+Cum+se+vor+dezvolta+cele+dou%C4%83+municipii+%C3%AEmpreun%C4%83%3F&rft.date=2016-08-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opiniatimisoarei.ro%2Fa-fost-semnat-actul-de-nastere-al-metropolei-timisoara-arad-cum-se-vor-dezvolta-cele-doua-municipii-impreuna%2F02%2F08%2F2016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToma2006" class="citation web cs1">Toma, Bianca (8 August 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://evz.ro/zona-metropolitana-a-aradului-se-va-uni-cu-cea-a-timisoarei-400201.html">"Zona Metropolitană a Aradului se va uni cu cea a Timișoarei"</a>. Evenimentul zilei. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180909185458/https://evz.ro/zona-metropolitana-a-aradului-se-va-uni-cu-cea-a-timisoarei-400201.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 September 2018. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Evenimentul+zilei&rft.atitle=Zona+Metropolitan%C4%83+a+Aradului+se+va+uni+cu+cea+a+Timi%C8%99oarei&rft.date=2006-08-08&rft.aulast=Toma&rft.aufirst=Bianca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fevz.ro%2Fzona-metropolitana-a-aradului-se-va-uni-cu-cea-a-timisoarei-400201.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMîț2018" class="citation web cs1">Mîț, Adriana (13 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pressalert.ro/2018/01/de-ce-timisoara-trebuie-sa-faca-pace-cu-aradul/">"De ce Timișoara trebuie să "facă pace" cu Aradul"</a>. pressalert.ro. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210123083425/https://www.pressalert.ro/2018/01/de-ce-timisoara-trebuie-sa-faca-pace-cu-aradul/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pressalert.ro&rft.atitle=De+ce+Timi%C8%99oara+trebuie+s%C4%83+%22fac%C4%83+pace%22+cu+Aradul&rft.date=2018-01-13&rft.aulast=M%C3%AE%C8%9B&rft.aufirst=Adriana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pressalert.ro%2F2018%2F01%2Fde-ce-timisoara-trebuie-sa-faca-pace-cu-aradul%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoth2015" class="citation web cs1">Both, Ștefan (27 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adevarul.ro/locale/timisoara/timisoara-cea-mai-dinamica-economie-romania-valoarea-exporturilor-ajuns-4125-milioane-euro-crestere-965-milioene-euro-1_54f097aa448e03c0fd0bf202/index.html">"Timișoara are cea mai dinamică economie din România. Valoarea exporturilor a ajuns la 4.125 milioane euro. Creștere cu 965 milioane de euro"</a>. Adevărul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210129100341/https://adevarul.ro/locale/timisoara/timisoara-cea-mai-dinamica-economie-romania-valoarea-exporturilor-ajuns-4125-milioane-euro-crestere-965-milioene-euro-1_54f097aa448e03c0fd0bf202/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Adev%C4%83rul&rft.atitle=Timi%C8%99oara+are+cea+mai+dinamic%C4%83+economie+din+Rom%C3%A2nia.+Valoarea+exporturilor+a+ajuns+la+4.125+milioane+euro.+Cre%C8%99tere+cu+965+milioane+de+euro&rft.date=2015-02-27&rft.aulast=Both&rft.aufirst=%C8%98tefan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadevarul.ro%2Flocale%2Ftimisoara%2Ftimisoara-cea-mai-dinamica-economie-romania-valoarea-exporturilor-ajuns-4125-milioane-euro-crestere-965-milioene-euro-1_54f097aa448e03c0fd0bf202%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/857051468332468480/pdf/Raport-complet.pdf">"Polii de creștere – Faza următoare"</a> (PDF). The World Bank. 2013. p. 206. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128011355/http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/857051468332468480/pdf/Raport-complet.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Bank&rft.atitle=Polii+de+cre%C8%99tere+%E2%80%93+Faza+urm%C4%83toare&rft.pages=206&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdocuments1.worldbank.org%2Fcurated%2Fen%2F857051468332468480%2Fpdf%2FRaport-complet.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-trace-128">^ <a href="#cite_ref-trace_128-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-trace_128-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-trace_128-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-trace_128-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-trace_128-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoțBoseBurdujaIonescu-Heroiu2016" class="citation journal cs1">Moț, Manuela; Bose, Ranjan; Burduja, Sebastian; Ionescu-Heroiu, Marcel (4 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esmap.org/sites/esmap.org/files/DocumentLibrary/TRACE_Romania_TIMISOARA_Optimized.pdf">"Improving Energy Efficiency in Timișoara, Romania"</a> (PDF). ESMAP Papers. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1596%2F24362">10.1596/24362</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10986%2F24362">10986/24362</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211024002359/https://esmap.org/sites/esmap.org/files/DocumentLibrary/TRACE_Romania_TIMISOARA_Optimized.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 24 October 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ESMAP+Papers&rft.atitle=Improving+Energy+Efficiency+in+Timi%C8%99oara%2C+Romania&rft.date=2016-11-04&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10986%2F24362&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1596%2F24362&rft.aulast=Mo%C8%9B&rft.aufirst=Manuela&rft.au=Bose%2C+Ranjan&rft.au=Burduja%2C+Sebastian&rft.au=Ionescu-Heroiu%2C+Marcel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.esmap.org%2Fsites%2Fesmap.org%2Ffiles%2FDocumentLibrary%2FTRACE_Romania_TIMISOARA_Optimized.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiols2005" class="citation web cs1">Riols, Yves-Michel (1 September 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lexpansion.lexpress.fr/actualite-economique/la-deuxieme-revolution-de-timisoara_1374659.html">"La deuxième révolution de Timișoara"</a>. 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Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=L%27Express&rft.atitle=La+deuxi%C3%A8me+r%C3%A9volution+de+Timi%C8%99oara&rft.date=2005-09-01&rft.aulast=Riols&rft.aufirst=Yves-Michel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flexpansion.lexpress.fr%2Factualite-economique%2Fla-deuxieme-revolution-de-timisoara_1374659.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPanait2016" class="citation web cs1">Panait, Andrei (5 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.ro/articles/timisoara-cel-mai-bun-oras-pentru-afaceri-53902">"Forbes Best Cities 2016: Timișoara, din nou pe primul loc"</a>. Forbes România. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210129144630/https://www.forbes.ro/articles/timisoara-cel-mai-bun-oras-pentru-afaceri-53902">Archived</a> from the original on 29 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes+Rom%C3%A2nia&rft.atitle=Forbes+Best+Cities+2016%3A+Timi%C8%99oara%2C+din+nou+pe+primul+loc&rft.date=2016-02-05&rft.aulast=Panait&rft.aufirst=Andrei&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.ro%2Farticles%2Ftimisoara-cel-mai-bun-oras-pentru-afaceri-53902&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mmuncii.ro/j33/images/Date_lunare/Nr_someri_jud_122019.pdf">"Numărul șomerilor înregistrați, pe județe, la sfârșitul lunii decembrie 2019"</a> (PDF). Ministerul Muncii. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128094821/http://www.mmuncii.ro/j33/images/Date_lunare/Nr_someri_jud_122019.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministerul+Muncii&rft.atitle=Num%C4%83rul+%C8%99omerilor+%C3%AEnregistra%C8%9Bi%2C+pe+jude%C8%9Be%2C+la+sf%C3%A2r%C8%99itul+lunii+decembrie+2019&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mmuncii.ro%2Fj33%2Fimages%2FDate_lunare%2FNr_someri_jud_122019.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-zf-2017-132"><a href="#cite_ref-zf-2017_132-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPanaete2017" class="citation web cs1">Panaete, Mădălina (26 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zf.ro/companii/retail-agrobusiness/povestea-fabricii-timisoreana-prima-fabrica-de-bere-din-romania-16208622">"Povestea fabricii Timișoreana, prima fabrică de bere din România"</a>. Ziarul Financiar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221205221218/https://www.zf.ro/companii/retail-agrobusiness/povestea-fabricii-timisoreana-prima-fabrica-de-bere-din-romania-16208622">Archived</a> from the original on 5 December 2022. Retrieved 5 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ziarul+Financiar&rft.atitle=Povestea+fabricii+Timi%C8%99oreana%2C+prima+fabric%C4%83+de+bere+din+Rom%C3%A2nia&rft.date=2017-03-26&rft.aulast=Panaete&rft.aufirst=M%C4%83d%C4%83lina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zf.ro%2Fcompanii%2Fretail-agrobusiness%2Fpovestea-fabricii-timisoreana-prima-fabrica-de-bere-din-romania-16208622&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStefan_Both2022" class="citation web cs1">Stefan Both (7 August 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adevarul.ro/stiri-locale/timisoara/industria-timisoarei-de-la-inflorirea-din-1532236.html#google_vignette">"Industria Timişoarei, de la înflorirea din imperiul Austro-Ungar la intreprinderile comuniste şi la şmecheriile din "democraţia originală""</a>. <a href="/wiki/Adev%C4%83rul" title="Adevărul">Adevărul</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230721150420/https://adevarul.ro/stiri-locale/timisoara/industria-timisoarei-de-la-inflorirea-din-1532236.html#google_vignette">Archived</a> from the original on 21 July 2023. Retrieved 21 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Industria+Timi%C5%9Foarei%2C+de+la+%C3%AEnflorirea+din+imperiul+Austro-Ungar+la+intreprinderile+comuniste+%C5%9Fi+la+%C5%9Fmecheriile+din+%22democra%C5%A3ia+original%C4%83%22&rft.pub=Adev%C4%83rul&rft.date=2022-08-07&rft.au=Stefan+Both&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadevarul.ro%2Fstiri-locale%2Ftimisoara%2Findustria-timisoarei-de-la-inflorirea-din-1532236.html%23google_vignette&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMischie2023" class="citation web cs1">Mischie, Dana (4 September 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://panorama.ro/timisoara-transformare-economica-hub-it/">"Cum s-a transformat economic Timișoara, de la Manchesterul muncitoresc al Ungariei, la hub modern de start-up-uri IT"</a>. 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Geographica Timisiensis. 16 (1–2): 41–54. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220117123643/https://geografie.uvt.ro/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/03_Popa.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 17 January 2022. 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TION. 1 July 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210129014129/https://www.tion.ro/stirile-judetului-timis/a-fost-inaugurat-proiectul-optica-business-park-234093/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TION&rft.atitle=A+fost+inaugurat+proiectul+Optica+Business+Park&rft.date=2013-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tion.ro%2Fstirile-judetului-timis%2Fa-fost-inaugurat-proiectul-optica-business-park-234093%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bursa.ro/microsoft-linde-gaz-si-zte-chiriasi-in-birourile-optica-business-park-din-timisoara-87106329">"Microsoft, Linde Gaz și ZTE, chiriași în birourile Optica Business Park din Timișoara"</a>. Bursa. 29 April 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128044655/https://www.bursa.ro/microsoft-linde-gaz-si-zte-chiriasi-in-birourile-optica-business-park-din-timisoara-87106329">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bursa&rft.atitle=Microsoft%2C+Linde+Gaz+%C8%99i+ZTE%2C+chiria%C8%99i+%C3%AEn+birourile+Optica+Business+Park+din+Timi%C8%99oara&rft.date=2014-04-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bursa.ro%2Fmicrosoft-linde-gaz-si-zte-chiriasi-in-birourile-optica-business-park-din-timisoara-87106329&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tion.ro/stirile-judetului-timis/afaceri-in-timis-parcul-industrial-si-tehnologic-din-timisoara-locul-destinat-intreprinderilor-mici-si-mijlocii-450689/">"Afaceri în Timiș: Parcul Industrial și Tehnologic din Timișoara – locul destinat întreprinderilor mici și mijlocii"</a>. TION. 20 April 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128202727/https://www.tion.ro/stirile-judetului-timis/afaceri-in-timis-parcul-industrial-si-tehnologic-din-timisoara-locul-destinat-intreprinderilor-mici-si-mijlocii-450689/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2021. 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Dacia 500 s-a fabricat în halele fostei întreprinderi Tehnometal"</a>. Opinia Timișoarei. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128101633/https://www.opiniatimisoarei.ro/lastunul-autoturismul-de-colectie-%E2%80%9Emade-in-timisoara%E2%80%9D-dacia-500-s-a-fabricat-in-halele-fostei-intreprinderi-tehnometal/18/12/2011">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2021. 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"Vom vedea și în perioada următoare tranzacții record pe aceste piețe""</a>. Ziarul Financiar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210129104412/https://www.zf.ro/business-construct/jll-cel-putin-170-000-metri-patrati-de-birouri-vor-fi-livrati-pana-19776388">Archived</a> from the original on 29 January 2021. 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TION. 17 June 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210129091131/https://www.tion.ro/stirile-judetului-timis/timisoara-are-cele-mai-putine-spatii-de-birouri-neocupate-din-romania-136213/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 January 2021. 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Activ Property Services. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210122144804/https://www.spatii-de-birouri.ro/inchiriere-vanzare/timisoara-bega-business-park">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2021. 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Forbes România. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210122104707/https://www.forbes.ro/articles/best-office-hubs-2020-timisoara-2-0-157974">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2021. 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Wall-Street. 19 April 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128100957/https://www.wall-street.ro/articol/IT-C-Tehnologie/240391/cele-mai-active-orase-din-romania-in-domeniul-it.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2021. 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Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brainspotting&rft.atitle=Romania+IT+Talent+Map%2C+2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pmcommunity.ro%2Fdownload%2Fstudii%2520piata%2520romaneasca%2FBrainspotting_IT_Talent_Map_Romania_2014.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoth2014" class="citation web cs1">Both, Ștefan (28 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adevarul.ro/locale/timisoara/foto-s-a-inaugurat-incuboxx-cladirea-facuta-policarbonat-modelul-incubatorului-afaceri-barcelona-1_535e3cb20d133766a82a4a84/index.html">"S-a inaugurat Incuboxx, clădirea făcută din policarbonat, după modelul incubatorului de afaceri din Barcelona"</a>. Adevărul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180703091734/https://adevarul.ro/locale/timisoara/foto-s-a-inaugurat-incuboxx-cladirea-facuta-policarbonat-modelul-incubatorului-afaceri-barcelona-1_535e3cb20d133766a82a4a84/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2018. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Adev%C4%83rul&rft.atitle=S-a+inaugurat+Incuboxx%2C+cl%C4%83direa+f%C4%83cut%C4%83+din+policarbonat%2C+dup%C4%83+modelul+incubatorului+de+afaceri+din+Barcelona&rft.date=2014-04-28&rft.aulast=Both&rft.aufirst=%C8%98tefan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadevarul.ro%2Flocale%2Ftimisoara%2Ffoto-s-a-inaugurat-incuboxx-cladirea-facuta-policarbonat-modelul-incubatorului-afaceri-barcelona-1_535e3cb20d133766a82a4a84%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.innovation-cities.com/index-2019-global-city-rankings/18842/">"Innovation Cities™ Index 2019: Global"</a>. Innovation Cities™ Program. 11 November 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210821083004/https://www.innovation-cities.com/index-2019-global-city-rankings/18842/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 August 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Innovation+Cities%E2%84%A2+Program&rft.atitle=Innovation+Cities%E2%84%A2+Index+2019%3A+Global&rft.date=2019-11-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.innovation-cities.com%2Findex-2019-global-city-rankings%2F18842%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tion.ro/stirile-judetului-timis/timisoara-unul-dintre-cele-doua-orase-din-romania-in-top-500-orase-inovatoare-2019-814521/">"Timișoara, unul dintre cele două orașe din România în TOP 500 Orașe Inovatoare 2019"</a>. TION. 3 December 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210116032303/https://www.tion.ro/stirile-judetului-timis/timisoara-unul-dintre-cele-doua-orase-din-romania-in-top-500-orase-inovatoare-2019-814521/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TION&rft.atitle=Timi%C8%99oara%2C+unul+dintre+cele+dou%C4%83+ora%C8%99e+din+Rom%C3%A2nia+%C3%AEn+TOP+500+Ora%C8%99e+Inovatoare+2019&rft.date=2019-12-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tion.ro%2Fstirile-judetului-timis%2Ftimisoara-unul-dintre-cele-doua-orase-din-romania-in-top-500-orase-inovatoare-2019-814521%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPopescu2018" class="citation web cs1">Popescu, Marius (13 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pressalert.ro/2018/08/timisoara-printre-cele-mai-mari-piete-rezidentiale-din-romania-cate-locuinte-au-fost-livrate-anul-trecut/">"Timișoara, printre cele mai mari piețe rezidențiale din România. Câte locuințe au fost "livrate" anul trecut"</a>. pressalert.ro. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210117002842/https://www.pressalert.ro/2018/08/timisoara-printre-cele-mai-mari-piete-rezidentiale-din-romania-cate-locuinte-au-fost-livrate-anul-trecut/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pressalert.ro&rft.atitle=Timi%C8%99oara%2C+printre+cele+mai+mari+pie%C8%9Be+reziden%C8%9Biale+din+Rom%C3%A2nia.+C%C3%A2te+locuin%C8%9Be+au+fost+%22livrate%22+anul+trecut&rft.date=2018-08-13&rft.aulast=Popescu&rft.aufirst=Marius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pressalert.ro%2F2018%2F08%2Ftimisoara-printre-cele-mai-mari-piete-rezidentiale-din-romania-cate-locuinte-au-fost-livrate-anul-trecut%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opiniatimisoarei.ro/timisul-in-topul-tranzactiilor-imobiliare-din-romania-cate-case-si-terenuri-s-au-vandut/31/10/2016">"Timișul, în topul tranzacțiilor imobiliare din România! Câte case și terenuri s-au vândut?"</a>. Opinia Timișoarei. 31 October 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210118173115/https://www.opiniatimisoarei.ro/timisul-in-topul-tranzactiilor-imobiliare-din-romania-cate-case-si-terenuri-s-au-vandut/31/10/2016">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Opinia+Timi%C8%99oarei&rft.atitle=Timi%C8%99ul%2C+%C3%AEn+topul+tranzac%C8%9Biilor+imobiliare+din+Rom%C3%A2nia%21+C%C3%A2te+case+%C8%99i+terenuri+s-au+v%C3%A2ndut%3F&rft.date=2016-10-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opiniatimisoarei.ro%2Ftimisul-in-topul-tranzactiilor-imobiliare-din-romania-cate-case-si-terenuri-s-au-vandut%2F31%2F10%2F2016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://korter.ro/ansambluri-rezidentiale-in-timi%C8%99oara">"Ansambluri rezidențiale"</a>. Korter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210124220141/https://korter.ro/ansambluri-rezidentiale-in-timi%C8%99oara">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Korter&rft.atitle=Ansambluri+reziden%C8%9Biale&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkorter.ro%2Fansambluri-rezidentiale-in-timi%25C8%2599oara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVoiculescu2009" class="citation book cs1">Voiculescu, Sorina, ed. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275351606">The Romanian Post-socialist City: Urban Renewal and Gentrification</a>. Editura Universității de Vest. p. 78.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Romanian+Post-socialist+City%3A+Urban+Renewal+and+Gentrification&rft.pages=78&rft.pub=Editura+Universit%C4%83%C8%9Bii+de+Vest&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F275351606&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPanduru2020" class="citation web cs1">Panduru, Adrian (4 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tion.ro/targul-imobiliar/a-scazut-pretul-apartamentelor-in-timisoara-1311828/">"A scăzut prețul apartamentelor în Timișoara"</a>. TION. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128125529/https://www.tion.ro/targul-imobiliar/a-scazut-pretul-apartamentelor-in-timisoara-1311828/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TION&rft.atitle=A+sc%C4%83zut+pre%C8%9Bul+apartamentelor+%C3%AEn+Timi%C8%99oara&rft.date=2020-06-04&rft.aulast=Panduru&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tion.ro%2Ftargul-imobiliar%2Fa-scazut-pretul-apartamentelor-in-timisoara-1311828%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wall-street.ro/articol/Real-Estate/45480/Bega-Shopping-Center-Timisoara-se-modernizeaza-si-isi-schimba-chiriasii.html">"Bega Shopping Center Timișoara se modernizează și își schimbă chiriașii"</a>. Wall-Street. 24 July 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128140107/https://www.wall-street.ro/articol/Real-Estate/45480/Bega-Shopping-Center-Timisoara-se-modernizeaza-si-isi-schimba-chiriasii.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wall-Street&rft.atitle=Bega+Shopping+Center+Timi%C8%99oara+se+modernizeaz%C4%83+%C8%99i+%C3%AE%C8%99i+schimb%C4%83+chiria%C8%99ii&rft.date=2008-07-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wall-street.ro%2Farticol%2FReal-Estate%2F45480%2FBega-Shopping-Center-Timisoara-se-modernizeaza-si-isi-schimba-chiriasii.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bega-shoppingcenter.ro/despre-noi/">"Despre noi"</a>. BEGA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128020850/http://www.bega-shoppingcenter.ro/despre-noi/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BEGA&rft.atitle=Despre+noi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bega-shoppingcenter.ro%2Fdespre-noi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wall-street.ro/articol/Companii/7577/Timisoara-are-cel-mai-mare-Mall.html">"Timișoara are cel mai mare mall"</a>. Wall-Street. 24 October 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128144311/https://www.wall-street.ro/articol/Companii/7577/Timisoara-are-cel-mai-mare-Mall.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wall-Street&rft.atitle=Timi%C8%99oara+are+cel+mai+mare+mall&rft.date=2005-10-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wall-street.ro%2Farticol%2FCompanii%2F7577%2FTimisoara-are-cel-mai-mare-Mall.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economica.net/la-un-an-de-la-inaugurare-birourile-din-iulius-town-timisoara-au-5-000-de-angajati-iar-suprafata-d_189350.html">"La un an de la inaugurare, birourile din Iulius Town Timișoara au 5.000 de angajați, iar suprafața de retail, de 120.000 mp, are 450 de magazine"</a>. Economica.net. 31 August 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128155105/https://www.economica.net/la-un-an-de-la-inaugurare-birourile-din-iulius-town-timisoara-au-5-000-de-angajati-iar-suprafata-d_189350.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Economica.net&rft.atitle=La+un+an+de+la+inaugurare%2C+birourile+din+Iulius+Town+Timi%C8%99oara+au+5.000+de+angaja%C8%9Bi%2C+iar+suprafa%C8%9Ba+de+retail%2C+de+120.000+mp%2C+are+450+de+magazine&rft.date=2020-08-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economica.net%2Fla-un-an-de-la-inaugurare-birourile-din-iulius-town-timisoara-au-5-000-de-angajati-iar-suprafata-d_189350.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoth2016" class="citation web cs1">Both, Ștefan (31 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adevarul.ro/locale/timisoara/foto-s-a-deschis-de-al-doilea-mall-timisoara-shopping-city-costat-aproape-100-milioane-euro-1_56fce2c35ab6550cb86c0061/index.html">"S-a deschis cel de-al doilea mall din Timișoara. Shopping City a costat aproape 100 de milioane de euro"</a>. Adevărul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210130070217/https://adevarul.ro/locale/timisoara/foto-s-a-deschis-de-al-doilea-mall-timisoara-shopping-city-costat-aproape-100-milioane-euro-1_56fce2c35ab6550cb86c0061/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Adev%C4%83rul&rft.atitle=S-a+deschis+cel+de-al+doilea+mall+din+Timi%C8%99oara.+Shopping+City+a+costat+aproape+100+de+milioane+de+euro&rft.date=2016-03-31&rft.aulast=Both&rft.aufirst=%C8%98tefan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadevarul.ro%2Flocale%2Ftimisoara%2Ffoto-s-a-deschis-de-al-doilea-mall-timisoara-shopping-city-costat-aproape-100-milioane-euro-1_56fce2c35ab6550cb86c0061%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoth2016" class="citation web cs1">Both, Ștefan (20 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adevarul.ro/locale/timisoara/video-foto-fost-inaugurat-timisoara-mai-modern-cinematograf-romania-costat-8-milioane-euro-1_57169a1d5ab6550cb828326c/index.html">"A fost inaugurat la Timișoara cel mai modern cinematograf din România. A costat 8 milioane de euro"</a>. Adevărul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201030173724/https://adevarul.ro/locale/timisoara/video-foto-fost-inaugurat-timisoara-mai-modern-cinematograf-romania-costat-8-milioane-euro-1_57169a1d5ab6550cb828326c/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Adev%C4%83rul&rft.atitle=A+fost+inaugurat+la+Timi%C8%99oara+cel+mai+modern+cinematograf+din+Rom%C3%A2nia.+A+costat+8+milioane+de+euro&rft.date=2016-04-20&rft.aulast=Both&rft.aufirst=%C8%98tefan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadevarul.ro%2Flocale%2Ftimisoara%2Fvideo-foto-fost-inaugurat-timisoara-mai-modern-cinematograf-romania-costat-8-milioane-euro-1_57169a1d5ab6550cb828326c%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210119150440/https://shoppingcitytm.ro/stiri/shopping-city-timisoara-aniverseaza-un-an-de-shopping-cu-super-premii-si-un-ford-fiesta/">"Shopping City Timișoara aniversează un an de shopping, cu super premii și un Ford Fiesta"</a>. Shopping City Timișoara. 31 March 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shoppingcitytm.ro/stiri/shopping-city-timisoara-aniverseaza-un-an-de-shopping-cu-super-premii-si-un-ford-fiesta/">the original</a> on 19 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shopping+City+Timi%C8%99oara&rft.atitle=Shopping+City+Timi%C8%99oara+aniverseaz%C4%83+un+an+de+shopping%2C+cu+super+premii+%C8%99i+un+Ford+Fiesta&rft.date=2017-03-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fshoppingcitytm.ro%2Fstiri%2Fshopping-city-timisoara-aniverseaza-un-an-de-shopping-cu-super-premii-si-un-ford-fiesta%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://funshoppark.ro/timisoara-2/">"Timișoara"</a>. Funshop Park. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230826153205/https://funshoppark.ro/timisoara-2/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 August 2023. Retrieved 5 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Funshop+Park&rft.atitle=Timi%C8%99oara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffunshoppark.ro%2Ftimisoara-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opiniatimisoarei.ro/funshop-park-timisoara-cel-mai-nou-strip-mall-din-timisoara-isi-deschide-portile-cu-promotii-si-surprize-pentru-clienti-va-avea-si-o-zona-de-food-court-exterioara-foto/09/05/2022">"Funshop Park Timișoara, cel mai nou strip mall din Timișoara, își deschide porțile cu promoții și surprize pentru clienți. Va avea și o zonă de food court exterioară"</a>. Opinia Timișoarei. 9 May 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230905070004/https://www.opiniatimisoarei.ro/funshop-park-timisoara-cel-mai-nou-strip-mall-din-timisoara-isi-deschide-portile-cu-promotii-si-surprize-pentru-clienti-va-avea-si-o-zona-de-food-court-exterioara-foto/09/05/2022">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2023. Retrieved 5 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Opinia+Timi%C8%99oarei&rft.atitle=Funshop+Park+Timi%C8%99oara%2C+cel+mai+nou+strip+mall+din+Timi%C8%99oara%2C+%C3%AE%C8%99i+deschide+por%C8%9Bile+cu+promo%C8%9Bii+%C8%99i+surprize+pentru+clien%C8%9Bi.+Va+avea+%C8%99i+o+zon%C4%83+de+food+court+exterioar%C4%83&rft.date=2022-05-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opiniatimisoarei.ro%2Ffunshop-park-timisoara-cel-mai-nou-strip-mall-din-timisoara-isi-deschide-portile-cu-promotii-si-surprize-pentru-clienti-va-avea-si-o-zona-de-food-court-exterioara-foto%2F09%2F05%2F2022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrenby2023" class="citation web cs1">Grenby, Ed (23 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/romania/the-eus-capital-of-culture-adds-nothing-to-timisoara/">"The EU's silly Capital of Culture scheme adds nothing to this intriguing Romanian city"</a>. The Telegraph.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=The+EU%27s+silly+Capital+of+Culture+scheme+adds+nothing+to+this+intriguing+Romanian+city&rft.date=2023-05-23&rft.aulast=Grenby&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ftravel%2Fdestinations%2Feurope%2Fromania%2Fthe-eus-capital-of-culture-adds-nothing-to-timisoara%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTiron2017" class="citation web cs1">Tiron, Mirabela (16 August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zf.ro/business-travel/topul-judetelor-care-au-atras-cei-mai-multi-turisti-straini-brasov-timis-cluj-si-sibiu-au-atras-20-din-totalul-strainilor-care-s-au-cazat-in-hotelurile-din-tara-in-primul-semestru-16693889">"Topul județelor care au atras cei mai mulți turiști străini. Brașov, Timiș, Cluj și Sibiu au atras 20% din totalul străinilor care s-au cazat în hotelurile din țară în primul semestru"</a>. Ziarul Financiar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210306120756/https://www.zf.ro/business-travel/topul-judetelor-care-au-atras-cei-mai-multi-turisti-straini-brasov-timis-cluj-si-sibiu-au-atras-20-din-totalul-strainilor-care-s-au-cazat-in-hotelurile-din-tara-in-primul-semestru-16693889">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ziarul+Financiar&rft.atitle=Topul+jude%C8%9Belor+care+au+atras+cei+mai+mul%C8%9Bi+turi%C8%99ti+str%C4%83ini.+Bra%C8%99ov%2C+Timi%C8%99%2C+Cluj+%C8%99i+Sibiu+au+atras+20%25+din+totalul+str%C4%83inilor+care+s-au+cazat+%C3%AEn+hotelurile+din+%C8%9Bar%C4%83+%C3%AEn+primul+semestru&rft.date=2017-08-16&rft.aulast=Tiron&rft.aufirst=Mirabela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zf.ro%2Fbusiness-travel%2Ftopul-judetelor-care-au-atras-cei-mai-multi-turisti-straini-brasov-timis-cluj-si-sibiu-au-atras-20-din-totalul-strainilor-care-s-au-cazat-in-hotelurile-din-tara-in-primul-semestru-16693889&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-edu-170">^ <a href="#cite_ref-edu_170-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-edu_170-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.primariatm.ro/timisoara/index.php?meniuId=2&viewCat=112">"Educație și învățământ"</a>. Primăria municipiului Timișoara. 30 October 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200810185947/https://www.primariatm.ro/timisoara/index.php?meniuId=2&viewCat=112">Archived</a> from the original on 10 August 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Prim%C4%83ria+municipiului+Timi%C8%99oara&rft.atitle=Educa%C8%9Bie+%C8%99i+%C3%AEnv%C4%83%C8%9B%C4%83m%C3%A2nt&rft.date=2020-10-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.primariatm.ro%2Ftimisoara%2Findex.php%3FmeniuId%3D2%26viewCat%3D112&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isj.tm.edu.ro/institutii/3">"Licee"</a>. Inspectoratul Școlar Județean Timiș. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210123085655/https://www.isj.tm.edu.ro/institutii/3">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Inspectoratul+%C8%98colar+Jude%C8%9Bean+Timi%C8%99&rft.atitle=Licee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.isj.tm.edu.ro%2Finstitutii%2F3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoth2018" class="citation web cs1">Both, Ștefan (25 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adevarul.ro/locale/timisoara/Scoala-cambridge-deschide-latimisoara-platesc-parintii-a-si-trimite-copiii-scoala-staif-sistem-invatamant-international-1_5ae044f3df52022f7536e312/index.html">"O școală ca la Cambridge se deschide la Timișoara. Cât plătesc părinții pentru a-și trimite copiii la o școală cu ștaif, cu sistem de învățământ internațional"</a>. Adevărul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180530120006/http://adevarul.ro/locale/timisoara/Scoala-cambridge-deschide-latimisoara-platesc-parintii-a-si-trimite-copiii-scoala-staif-sistem-invatamant-international-1_5ae044f3df52022f7536e312/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 May 2018. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Adev%C4%83rul&rft.atitle=O+%C8%99coal%C4%83+ca+la+Cambridge+se+deschide+la+Timi%C8%99oara.+C%C3%A2t+pl%C4%83tesc+p%C4%83rin%C8%9Bii+pentru+a-%C8%99i+trimite+copiii+la+o+%C8%99coal%C4%83+cu+%C8%99taif%2C+cu+sistem+de+%C3%AEnv%C4%83%C8%9B%C4%83m%C3%A2nt+interna%C8%9Bional&rft.date=2018-04-25&rft.aulast=Both&rft.aufirst=%C8%98tefan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadevarul.ro%2Flocale%2Ftimisoara%2FScoala-cambridge-deschide-latimisoara-platesc-parintii-a-si-trimite-copiii-scoala-staif-sistem-invatamant-international-1_5ae044f3df52022f7536e312%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tion.ro/stirile-judetului-timis/in-toamna-la-iulius-town-se-va-deschide-prima-gradinita-din-timisoara-cu-predare-dupa-curriculum-britanic-si-o-scoala-primara-8888/">"În toamnă, la Iulius Town se va deschide prima grădiniță din Timișoara cu predare după curriculum britanic și o școală primară"</a>. TION. 12 August 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128055602/https://www.tion.ro/stirile-judetului-timis/in-toamna-la-iulius-town-se-va-deschide-prima-gradinita-din-timisoara-cu-predare-dupa-curriculum-britanic-si-o-scoala-primara-8888/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TION&rft.atitle=%C3%8En+toamn%C4%83%2C+la+Iulius+Town+se+va+deschide+prima+gr%C4%83dini%C8%9B%C4%83+din+Timi%C8%99oara+cu+predare+dup%C4%83+curriculum+britanic+%C8%99i+o+%C8%99coal%C4%83+primar%C4%83&rft.date=2019-08-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tion.ro%2Fstirile-judetului-timis%2Fin-toamna-la-iulius-town-se-va-deschide-prima-gradinita-din-timisoara-cu-predare-dupa-curriculum-britanic-si-o-scoala-primara-8888%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIedu2019" class="citation web cs1">Iedu, Liliana (24 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opiniatimisoarei.ro/prima-gradinita-din-timisoara-cu-predare-in-limba-engleza-dupa-curriculum-din-finlanda-pentru-copiii-care-vor-locui-la-vox-vertical-village-ori-ai-caror-parinti-lucreaza-in-vox-technology-park/24/07/2019">"Prima grădiniță din Timișoara cu predare în limba engleză, după curriculum din Finlanda, pentru copiii care vor locui la Vox Vertical Village ori ai căror părinți lucrează în Vox Technology Park"</a>. Opinia Timișoarei. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128192444/https://www.opiniatimisoarei.ro/prima-gradinita-din-timisoara-cu-predare-in-limba-engleza-dupa-curriculum-din-finlanda-pentru-copiii-care-vor-locui-la-vox-vertical-village-ori-ai-caror-parinti-lucreaza-in-vox-technology-park/24/07/2019">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Opinia+Timi%C8%99oarei&rft.atitle=Prima+gr%C4%83dini%C8%9B%C4%83+din+Timi%C8%99oara+cu+predare+%C3%AEn+limba+englez%C4%83%2C+dup%C4%83+curriculum+din+Finlanda%2C+pentru+copiii+care+vor+locui+la+Vox+Vertical+Village+ori+ai+c%C4%83ror+p%C4%83rin%C8%9Bi+lucreaz%C4%83+%C3%AEn+Vox+Technology+Park&rft.date=2019-07-24&rft.aulast=Iedu&rft.aufirst=Liliana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opiniatimisoarei.ro%2Fprima-gradinita-din-timisoara-cu-predare-in-limba-engleza-dupa-curriculum-din-finlanda-pentru-copiii-care-vor-locui-la-vox-vertical-village-ori-ai-caror-parinti-lucreaza-in-vox-technology-park%2F24%2F07%2F2019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.admitereliceu.ro/top-licee?county_id=38&city_id=7469&year=2020&exams%5B%5D=admission&exams%5B%5D=bac&olympics=on&cauta=Afi%C5%9Feaz%C4%83+topul">"Top licee"</a>. AdmitereLiceu.ro. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128224307/https://www.admitereliceu.ro/top-licee?county_id=38&city_id=7469&year=2020&exams%5B%5D=admission&exams%5B%5D=bac&olympics=on&cauta=Afi%C5%9Feaz%C4%83+topul">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AdmitereLiceu.ro&rft.atitle=Top+licee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.admitereliceu.ro%2Ftop-licee%3Fcounty_id%3D38%26city_id%3D7469%26year%3D2020%26exams%255B%255D%3Dadmission%26exams%255B%255D%3Dbac%26olympics%3Don%26cauta%3DAfi%25C5%259Feaz%25C4%2583%2Btopul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Educație". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://insse.ro/cms/sites/default/files/field/publicatii/anuarul_statistic_al_romaniei_carte_ro_1.pdf">Anuarul statistic al României</a> (PDF). Institutul Național de Statistică. 2020. pp. 338–339. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1220-3246">1220-3246</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210129223224/https://insse.ro/cms/sites/default/files/field/publicatii/anuarul_statistic_al_romaniei_carte_ro_1.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 29 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Educa%C8%9Bie&rft.btitle=Anuarul+statistic+al+Rom%C3%A2niei&rft.pages=338-339&rft.pub=Institutul+Na%C8%9Bional+de+Statistic%C4%83&rft.date=2020&rft.issn=1220-3246&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finsse.ro%2Fcms%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Ffield%2Fpublicatii%2Fanuarul_statistic_al_romaniei_carte_ro_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tion.ro/stirile-judetului-timis/studentfest-2018-festivalul-care-promoveaza-tinerii-artisti-isi-asteapta-participantii-70946/">"StudentFest 2018. Festivalul care promovează tinerii artiști își așteaptă participanții"</a>. TION. 19 April 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128025715/https://www.tion.ro/stirile-judetului-timis/studentfest-2018-festivalul-care-promoveaza-tinerii-artisti-isi-asteapta-participantii-70946/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2021. 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Primăria municipiului Timișoara.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Prim%C4%83ria+municipiului+Timi%C8%99oara&rft.atitle=Nomenclatorul+stradal+al+municipiului+Timi%C8%99oara&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.primariatm.ro%2Fuploads%2Ffiles%2Fdate_deschise%2FNomenclator%2520cu%2520id-uri.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-pmud-207">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pmud_207-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmud_207-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.primariatm.ro/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/SUMP_august_2020-1.pdf">"Planul de Mobilitate Urbană Durabilă pentru polul de creștere Timișoara"</a> (PDF). Primăria municipiului Timișoara. 2015. p. 21. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128041936/https://www.primariatm.ro/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/SUMP_august_2020-1.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Prim%C4%83ria+municipiului+Timi%C8%99oara&rft.atitle=Planul+de+Mobilitate+Urban%C4%83+Durabil%C4%83+pentru+polul+de+cre%C8%99tere+Timi%C8%99oara&rft.pages=21&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.primariatm.ro%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F08%2FSUMP_august_2020-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCozmei2020" class="citation web cs1">Cozmei, Victor (25 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://monitorizari.hotnews.ro/stiri-infrastructura_articole-23750531-centura-timisoara-sud-lucrari-harta.htm">"Varianta de ocolire Timișoara Sud – 26 km, o singură bandă pe sens: A fost emis ordinul de începere al lucrărilor"</a>. HotNews.ro. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128162724/https://monitorizari.hotnews.ro/stiri-infrastructura_articole-23750531-centura-timisoara-sud-lucrari-harta.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HotNews.ro&rft.atitle=Varianta+de+ocolire+Timi%C8%99oara+Sud+%E2%80%93+26+km%2C+o+singur%C4%83+band%C4%83+pe+sens%3A+A+fost+emis+ordinul+de+%C3%AEncepere+al+lucr%C4%83rilor&rft.date=2020-03-25&rft.aulast=Cozmei&rft.aufirst=Victor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmonitorizari.hotnews.ro%2Fstiri-infrastructura_articole-23750531-centura-timisoara-sud-lucrari-harta.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCozmei2013" class="citation web cs1">Cozmei, Victor (18 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hotnews.ro/stiri-esential-16238132-harta-interactiva-ziua-marilor-inaugurari-autostrada-care-ocoleste-sebesul-tronsonul-care-termina-brusc-camp.htm">"Ziua marilor inaugurări: de la autostrada care ocolește Sebeșul, la tronsonul care se termină brusc în câmp"</a>. HotNews.ro. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128154736/https://www.hotnews.ro/stiri-esential-16238132-harta-interactiva-ziua-marilor-inaugurari-autostrada-care-ocoleste-sebesul-tronsonul-care-termina-brusc-camp.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HotNews.ro&rft.atitle=Ziua+marilor+inaugur%C4%83ri%3A+de+la+autostrada+care+ocole%C8%99te+Sebe%C8%99ul%2C+la+tronsonul+care+se+termin%C4%83+brusc+%C3%AEn+c%C3%A2mp&rft.date=2013-12-18&rft.aulast=Cozmei&rft.aufirst=Victor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hotnews.ro%2Fstiri-esential-16238132-harta-interactiva-ziua-marilor-inaugurari-autostrada-care-ocoleste-sebesul-tronsonul-care-termina-brusc-camp.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tion.ro/stirile-judetului-timis/robu-anunta-ca-sunt-peste-125-000-de-autovehicule-inmatriculate-in-timisoara-dar-a-uitat-ceva-91640/">"Robu anunță că sunt peste 125.000 de autovehicule înmatriculate în Timișoara, dar a uitat ceva..."</a> TION. 15 November 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128175613/https://www.tion.ro/stirile-judetului-timis/robu-anunta-ca-sunt-peste-125-000-de-autovehicule-inmatriculate-in-timisoara-dar-a-uitat-ceva-91640/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TION&rft.atitle=Robu+anun%C8%9B%C4%83+c%C4%83+sunt+peste+125.000+de+autovehicule+%C3%AEnmatriculate+%C3%AEn+Timi%C8%99oara%2C+dar+a+uitat+ceva...&rft.date=2017-11-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tion.ro%2Fstirile-judetului-timis%2Frobu-anunta-ca-sunt-peste-125-000-de-autovehicule-inmatriculate-in-timisoara-dar-a-uitat-ceva-91640%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeaconescu2020" class="citation web cs1">Deaconescu, Roxana (9 May 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tion.ro/stirile-judetului-timis/unde-vor-fi-statii-de-incarcare-pentru-masini-electrice-in-timisoara-1174744/">"Unde vor fi stații de încărcare pentru mașini electrice, în Timișoara"</a>. TION. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128152303/https://www.tion.ro/stirile-judetului-timis/unde-vor-fi-statii-de-incarcare-pentru-masini-electrice-in-timisoara-1174744/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TION&rft.atitle=Unde+vor+fi+sta%C8%9Bii+de+%C3%AEnc%C4%83rcare+pentru+ma%C8%99ini+electrice%2C+%C3%AEn+Timi%C8%99oara&rft.date=2020-05-09&rft.aulast=Deaconescu&rft.aufirst=Roxana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tion.ro%2Fstirile-judetului-timis%2Funde-vor-fi-statii-de-incarcare-pentru-masini-electrice-in-timisoara-1174744%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lektri.co/ro/lektri-co-se-pregateste-de-inaugurarea-charging-plaza-hub700-cea-mai-mare-infrastructura-publica-de-incarcare-a-masinilor-electrice-din-romania/">"LEKTRI.CO se pregătește de inaugurarea Charging Plaza Hub700—cea mai mare infrastructură publică de încărcare a mașinilor electrice din România"</a>. LEKTRI.CO. 3 October 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230123204647/https://lektri.co/ro/lektri-co-se-pregateste-de-inaugurarea-charging-plaza-hub700-cea-mai-mare-infrastructura-publica-de-incarcare-a-masinilor-electrice-din-romania/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2023. Retrieved 23 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LEKTRI.CO&rft.atitle=LEKTRI.CO+se+preg%C4%83te%C8%99te+de+inaugurarea+Charging+Plaza+Hub700%E2%80%94cea+mai+mare+infrastructur%C4%83+public%C4%83+de+%C3%AEnc%C4%83rcare+a+ma%C8%99inilor+electrice+din+Rom%C3%A2nia&rft.date=2019-10-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flektri.co%2Fro%2Flektri-co-se-pregateste-de-inaugurarea-charging-plaza-hub700-cea-mai-mare-infrastructura-publica-de-incarcare-a-masinilor-electrice-din-romania%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stpt.ro/reteaua.html">"Rețeaua traseelor STPT"</a>. Societatea de Transport Public Timișoara. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128074656/http://stpt.ro/reteaua.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Societatea+de+Transport+Public+Timi%C8%99oara&rft.atitle=Re%C8%9Beaua+traseelor+STPT&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstpt.ro%2Freteaua.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ratt.ro/sectii.html">"Secții ale STPT"</a>. Societatea de Transport Public Timișoara. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200701023601/http://www.ratt.ro/sectii.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Societatea+de+Transport+Public+Timi%C8%99oara&rft.atitle=Sec%C8%9Bii+ale+STPT&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ratt.ro%2Fsectii.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digi24.ro/regional/digi24-timisoara/timisoara-transport-public-scolar-trafic-mai-redus-1065092">"Timișoara | Transport public școlar, trafic mai redus"</a>. Digi24. 15 January 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210129060018/https://www.digi24.ro/regional/digi24-timisoara/timisoara-transport-public-scolar-trafic-mai-redus-1065092">Archived</a> from the original on 29 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Digi24&rft.atitle=Timi%C8%99oara+%7C+Transport+public+%C8%99colar%2C+trafic+mai+redus&rft.date=2019-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.digi24.ro%2Fregional%2Fdigi24-timisoara%2Ftimisoara-transport-public-scolar-trafic-mai-redus-1065092&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeaconescu2020" class="citation web cs1">Deaconescu, Roxana (11 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tion.ro/stirile-judetului-timis/traseele-stpt-pentru-transportul-scolar-in-2020-14-minibuze-ii-duc-pe-elevi-la-scoli-1343815/">"Traseele STPT pentru transportul școlar în 2020: 14 minibuze îi duc pe elevi la școli"</a>. TION. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128083345/https://www.tion.ro/stirile-judetului-timis/traseele-stpt-pentru-transportul-scolar-in-2020-14-minibuze-ii-duc-pe-elevi-la-scoli-1343815/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TION&rft.atitle=Traseele+STPT+pentru+transportul+%C8%99colar+%C3%AEn+2020%3A+14+minibuze+%C3%AEi+duc+pe+elevi+la+%C8%99coli&rft.date=2020-09-11&rft.aulast=Deaconescu&rft.aufirst=Roxana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tion.ro%2Fstirile-judetului-timis%2Ftraseele-stpt-pentru-transportul-scolar-in-2020-14-minibuze-ii-duc-pe-elevi-la-scoli-1343815%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210118102406/http://www.taximetre.ro/taxi/timisoara/">"Listă Taxiuri Timișoara"</a>. Taximetre.ro. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taximetre.ro/taxi/timisoara/">the original</a> on 18 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Taximetre.ro&rft.atitle=List%C4%83+Taxiuri+Timi%C8%99oara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taximetre.ro%2Ftaxi%2Ftimisoara%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eurocars.ro/ro/rent-a-car-Timisoara">"Închirieri auto în Timișoara"</a>. EuroCars. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128062053/https://www.eurocars.ro/ro/rent-a-car-Timisoara">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EuroCars&rft.atitle=%C3%8Enchirieri+auto+%C3%AEn+Timi%C8%99oara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurocars.ro%2Fro%2Frent-a-car-Timisoara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.autogari.ro/Timisoara/">"Mersul autobuzelor în Timișoara"</a>. Autogari.ro. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210122115230/https://www.autogari.ro/Timisoara/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Autogari.ro&rft.atitle=Mersul+autobuzelor+%C3%AEn+Timi%C8%99oara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.autogari.ro%2FTimisoara%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171211083534/http://www.timisoara-info.ro/ro/infoutile/acces/autobuz.html">"Acces cu autobuzul"</a>. Timisoara-Info.ro. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timisoara-info.ro/ro/infoutile/acces/autobuz.html">the original</a> on 11 December 2017. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Timisoara-Info.ro&rft.atitle=Acces+cu+autobuzul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timisoara-info.ro%2Fro%2Finfoutile%2Facces%2Fautobuz.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoth2020" class="citation web cs1">Both, Ștefan (15 November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adevarul.ro/locale/timisoara/foto-licitatie-adjudecata-contract-semnat-reabilitarea-cladirii-garii-nord-timisoara-1_5fb0fd5c5163ec4271e2820f/index.html">"Licitație adjudecată și contract semnat pentru reabilitarea clădirii Gării de Nord din Timișoara"</a>. Adevărul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201126130849/https://adevarul.ro/locale/timisoara/foto-licitatie-adjudecata-contract-semnat-reabilitarea-cladirii-garii-nord-timisoara-1_5fb0fd5c5163ec4271e2820f/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 November 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Adev%C4%83rul&rft.atitle=Licita%C8%9Bie+adjudecat%C4%83+%C8%99i+contract+semnat+pentru+reabilitarea+cl%C4%83dirii+G%C4%83rii+de+Nord+din+Timi%C8%99oara&rft.date=2020-11-15&rft.aulast=Both&rft.aufirst=%C8%98tefan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadevarul.ro%2Flocale%2Ftimisoara%2Ffoto-licitatie-adjudecata-contract-semnat-reabilitarea-cladirii-garii-nord-timisoara-1_5fb0fd5c5163ec4271e2820f%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoth2013" class="citation web cs1">Both, Ștefan (23 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adevarul.ro/locale/timisoara/foto-gara-mare-timisoara-fost-bijuterie-arhitectonica-cladire-trista-amintire-1_5266f4e4c7b855ff566ab658/index.html">"Gara Mare din Timișoara a fost bijuterie arhitectonică. Astăzi este o clădire de tristă amintire"</a>. Adevărul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032918/https://adevarul.ro/locale/timisoara/foto-gara-mare-timisoara-fost-bijuterie-arhitectonica-cladire-trista-amintire-1_5266f4e4c7b855ff566ab658/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Adev%C4%83rul&rft.atitle=Gara+Mare+din+Timi%C8%99oara+a+fost+bijuterie+arhitectonic%C4%83.+Ast%C4%83zi+este+o+cl%C4%83dire+de+trist%C4%83+amintire&rft.date=2013-10-23&rft.aulast=Both&rft.aufirst=%C8%98tefan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadevarul.ro%2Flocale%2Ftimisoara%2Ffoto-gara-mare-timisoara-fost-bijuterie-arhitectonica-cladire-trista-amintire-1_5266f4e4c7b855ff566ab658%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221027034909/http://www.consiliulferoviar.ro/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/anexa_nr_4-centralizator_fise_observatii.pdf">"Anexa nr. 4. Centralizator fișe observații"</a> (PDF). Consiliul Național de Supraveghere din Domeniul Feroviar. 2017. p. 12. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.consiliulferoviar.ro/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/anexa_nr_4-centralizator_fise_observatii.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 27 October 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Consiliul+Na%C8%9Bional+de+Supraveghere+din+Domeniul+Feroviar&rft.atitle=Anexa+nr.+4.+Centralizator+fi%C8%99e+observa%C8%9Bii&rft.pages=12&rft.date=2017&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.consiliulferoviar.ro%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2017%2F05%2Fanexa_nr_4-centralizator_fise_observatii.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.airportaar.ro/traficul-de-pasageri-pe-aeroporturile-din-romania-a-crescut-in-anul-2022-cu-8753-fata-de-anul-2021-si-aproape-s-a-triplat-fata-de-anul-2020/">"Traficul de pasageri pe aeroporturile din România a crescut în anul 2022 cu 87,53%"</a>. airportaar.ro. 27 January 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230130144550/https://www.airportaar.ro/traficul-de-pasageri-pe-aeroporturile-din-romania-a-crescut-in-anul-2022-cu-8753-fata-de-anul-2021-si-aproape-s-a-triplat-fata-de-anul-2020/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 January 2023. Retrieved 30 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Traficul+de+pasageri+pe+aeroporturile+din+Rom%C3%A2nia+a+crescut+%C3%AEn+anul+2022+cu+87%2C53%25&rft.pub=airportaar.ro&rft.date=2023-01-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.airportaar.ro%2Ftraficul-de-pasageri-pe-aeroporturile-din-romania-a-crescut-in-anul-2022-cu-8753-fata-de-anul-2021-si-aproape-s-a-triplat-fata-de-anul-2020%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220119003629/https://www.aerotim.ro/comunicate/aeroportul-international-timisoara-la-final-de-an/">"Aeroportul Internațional Timișoara, La Final De An"</a>. Aerotim. 21 December 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aerotim.ro/comunicate/aeroportul-international-timisoara-la-final-de-an/">the original</a> on 19 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aerotim&rft.atitle=Aeroportul+Interna%C8%9Bional+Timi%C8%99oara%2C+La+Final+De+An&rft.date=2017-12-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faerotim.ro%2Fcomunicate%2Faeroportul-international-timisoara-la-final-de-an%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSîrbuȚurcanu2018" class="citation book cs1">Sîrbu, Anca; Țurcanu, Alida (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://insse.ro/cms/sites/default/files/field/publicatii/transportul_aeroportuar_de_pasageri_si_marfuri_in_sem1_2018.pdf">Transportul aeroportuar de pasageri și mărfuri. Semestrul I 2018</a> (PDF). Institutul Național de Statistică. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2065-7129">2065-7129</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210129092645/https://insse.ro/cms/sites/default/files/field/publicatii/transportul_aeroportuar_de_pasageri_si_marfuri_in_sem1_2018.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 29 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Transportul+aeroportuar+de+pasageri+%C8%99i+m%C4%83rfuri.+Semestrul+I+2018&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Institutul+Na%C8%9Bional+de+Statistic%C4%83&rft.date=2018&rft.issn=2065-7129&rft.aulast=S%C3%AErbu&rft.aufirst=Anca&rft.au=%C8%9Aurcanu%2C+Alida&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finsse.ro%2Fcms%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Ffield%2Fpublicatii%2Ftransportul_aeroportuar_de_pasageri_si_marfuri_in_sem1_2018.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220121044459/https://aerotim.ro/comunicate/aeroportul-international-timisoara-continua-procesul-de-dezvoltare-si-modernizare/">"Aeroportul Internațional Timișoara Continuă Procesul De Dezvoltare Și Modernizare"</a>. Aerotim. 3 December 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aerotim.ro/comunicate/aeroportul-international-timisoara-continua-procesul-de-dezvoltare-si-modernizare/">the original</a> on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aerotim&rft.atitle=Aeroportul+Interna%C8%9Bional+Timi%C8%99oara+Continu%C4%83+Procesul+De+Dezvoltare+%C8%98i+Modernizare&rft.date=2020-12-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faerotim.ro%2Fcomunicate%2Faeroportul-international-timisoara-continua-procesul-de-dezvoltare-si-modernizare%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoth2016" class="citation web cs1">Both, Ștefan (17 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adevarul.ro/locale/timisoara/foto-povestea-aeroportul-cioca-visul-neimplinit-timisoarei-interbelice-1_56c491d35ab6550cb8e91b12/index.html">"Povestea Aeroportului "Cioca", visul neîmplinit al Timișoarei interbelice"</a>. Adevărul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200628065559/https://adevarul.ro/locale/timisoara/foto-povestea-aeroportul-cioca-visul-neimplinit-timisoarei-interbelice-1_56c491d35ab6550cb8e91b12/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 June 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Adev%C4%83rul&rft.atitle=Povestea+Aeroportului+%22Cioca%22%2C+visul+ne%C3%AEmplinit+al+Timi%C8%99oarei+interbelice&rft.date=2016-02-17&rft.aulast=Both&rft.aufirst=%C8%98tefan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadevarul.ro%2Flocale%2Ftimisoara%2Ffoto-povestea-aeroportul-cioca-visul-neimplinit-timisoarei-interbelice-1_56c491d35ab6550cb8e91b12%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbst-Rădoi1969" class="citation book cs1">Herbst-Rădoi, Atena (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7SnRAAAAMAAJ">Geografia economică a Republicii Socialiste România</a>. Editura Didactică și Pedagogică. p. 255.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geografia+economic%C4%83+a+Republicii+Socialiste+Rom%C3%A2nia&rft.pages=255&rft.pub=Editura+Didactic%C4%83+%C8%99i+Pedagogic%C4%83&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Herbst-R%C4%83doi&rft.aufirst=Atena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7SnRAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tion.ro/stirile-judetului-timis/proiect-transfrontalier-de-14-milioane-de-euro-anul-2021-ar-putea-aduce-reluarea-circulatiei-navale-pe-bega-intre-timisoara-si-serbia-41627/">"Proiect transfrontalier de 14 milioane de euro. Anul 2021 ar putea aduce reluarea circulației navale pe Bega, între Timișoara și Serbia"</a>. TION. 22 November 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128110613/https://www.tion.ro/stirile-judetului-timis/proiect-transfrontalier-de-14-milioane-de-euro-anul-2021-ar-putea-aduce-reluarea-circulatiei-navale-pe-bega-intre-timisoara-si-serbia-41627/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2021. 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Societatea de Transport Public Timișoara. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210130172716/http://stpt.ro/grafice/v1a.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 30 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Societatea+de+Transport+Public+Timi%C8%99oara&rft.atitle=V1+M.+Viteazul+%E2%80%93+Ardealul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstpt.ro%2Fgrafice%2Fv1a.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIonescu2017" class="citation web cs1">Ionescu, Stejărel (28 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.banatulazi.ro/timisoara-va-deveni-primul-oras-din-romania-cu-100-de-kilometri-de-piste-pentru-biciclisti/">"Timișoara va deveni primul oraș din România cu 100 de kilometri de piste pentru bicicliști"</a>. Banatul Azi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210120174726/http://www.banatulazi.ro/timisoara-va-deveni-primul-oras-din-romania-cu-100-de-kilometri-de-piste-pentru-biciclisti/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Banatul+Azi&rft.atitle=Timi%C8%99oara+va+deveni+primul+ora%C8%99+din+Rom%C3%A2nia+cu+100+de+kilometri+de+piste+pentru+bicicli%C8%99ti&rft.date=2017-07-28&rft.aulast=Ionescu&rft.aufirst=Stej%C4%83rel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.banatulazi.ro%2Ftimisoara-va-deveni-primul-oras-din-romania-cu-100-de-kilometri-de-piste-pentru-biciclisti%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeaconescu2015" class="citation web cs1">Deaconescu, Roxana (25 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opiniatimisoarei.ro/e-gata-cea-mai-lunga-pista-de-biciclete-din-romania-ne-duce-din-timisoara-in-serbia-pe-malul-begai-de-cand-vom-putea-inchiria-biciclete/25/03/2015">"E gata! Cea mai lungă pistă de biciclete din România ne duce din Timișoara în Serbia, pe malul Begăi. De când vom putea închiria biciclete?"</a>. Opinia Timișoarei. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210116221009/http://www.opiniatimisoarei.ro/e-gata-cea-mai-lunga-pista-de-biciclete-din-romania-ne-duce-din-timisoara-in-serbia-pe-malul-begai-de-cand-vom-putea-inchiria-biciclete/25/03/2015">Archived</a> from the original on 16 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Opinia+Timi%C8%99oarei&rft.atitle=E+gata%21+Cea+mai+lung%C4%83+pist%C4%83+de+biciclete+din+Rom%C3%A2nia+ne+duce+din+Timi%C8%99oara+%C3%AEn+Serbia%2C+pe+malul+Beg%C4%83i.+De+c%C3%A2nd+vom+putea+%C3%AEnchiria+biciclete%3F&rft.date=2015-03-25&rft.aulast=Deaconescu&rft.aufirst=Roxana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.opiniatimisoarei.ro%2Fe-gata-cea-mai-lunga-pista-de-biciclete-din-romania-ne-duce-din-timisoara-in-serbia-pe-malul-begai-de-cand-vom-putea-inchiria-biciclete%2F25%2F03%2F2015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.eurovelo.com/ev13/romania">"Romania"</a>. 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Ce le transmite primarul bicicliștilor"</a>. pressalert.ro. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210129002536/https://www.pressalert.ro/2017/09/primaria-timisoara-mai-cumparat-140-de-biciclete-pentru-sistemul-velotm-ce-le-transmite-primarul-biciclistilor/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 January 2021. 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Retrieved 12 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wall-street.ro&rft.atitle=Ovidiu+Sandor+demareaza+constructia+unui+nou+proiect+imobiliar+in+Timisoara%3A+cum+arata+Isho+Offices&rft.date=2016-11-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wall-street.ro%2Farticol%2FReal-Estate%2F205031%2Fovidiu-sandor-demareaza-constructia-unui-nou-proiect-imobiliar-in-timisoara-cum-arata-isho-offices-pariul-de-130-mil-euro-al-ant.html%23gref&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-278"><a href="#cite_ref-278">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoth2019" class="citation web cs1">Both, Ștefan (2 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adevarul.ro/locale/timisoara/orasul-romania-afla-pas-guinness-book-patru-teatre-stat-patru-limbi-diferite-1_5ca3594b445219c57efe0364/index.html">"Orașul din România care se află la un pas de Guinness Book. Patru teatre de stat, în patru limbi diferite"</a>. Adevărul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210124160239/https://adevarul.ro/locale/timisoara/orasul-romania-afla-pas-guinness-book-patru-teatre-stat-patru-limbi-diferite-1_5ca3594b445219c57efe0364/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Adev%C4%83rul&rft.atitle=Ora%C8%99ul+din+Rom%C3%A2nia+care+se+afl%C4%83+la+un+pas+de+Guinness+Book.+Patru+teatre+de+stat%2C+%C3%AEn+patru+limbi+diferite&rft.date=2019-04-02&rft.aulast=Both&rft.aufirst=%C8%98tefan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadevarul.ro%2Flocale%2Ftimisoara%2Forasul-romania-afla-pas-guinness-book-patru-teatre-stat-patru-limbi-diferite-1_5ca3594b445219c57efe0364%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalunga2018" class="citation web cs1">Halunga, Otilia (9 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200625062734/https://www.agerpres.ro/unic-in-europa/2018/02/09/unicineuropa-teatrul-national-din-timisoara-a-renascut-mereu-din-propria-i-cenusa-asemeni-pasarii-phoenix--52082">"#UnicInEuropa – Teatrul Național din Timișoara a renăscut mereu din propria-i cenușă, asemeni păsării Phoenix"</a>. AGERPRES. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.agerpres.ro/unic-in-europa/2018/02/09/unicineuropa-teatrul-national-din-timisoara-a-renascut-mereu-din-propria-i-cenusa-asemeni-pasarii-phoenix--52082">the original</a> on 25 June 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AGERPRES&rft.atitle=%23UnicInEuropa+%E2%80%93+Teatrul+Na%C8%9Bional+din+Timi%C8%99oara+a+ren%C4%83scut+mereu+din+propria-i+cenu%C8%99%C4%83%2C+asemeni+p%C4%83s%C4%83rii+Phoenix&rft.date=2018-02-09&rft.aulast=Halunga&rft.aufirst=Otilia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.agerpres.ro%2Funic-in-europa%2F2018%2F02%2F09%2Funicineuropa-teatrul-national-din-timisoara-a-renascut-mereu-din-propria-i-cenusa-asemeni-pasarii-phoenix--52082&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-riveter-280">^ <a href="#cite_ref-riveter_280-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-riveter_280-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrețu2020" class="citation book cs1">Crețu, Tudor (2020). 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Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Editorial&rft.btitle=The+Romanian+Riveter&rft.edition=8th&rft.pub=European+Literature+Network&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Cre%C8%9Bu&rft.aufirst=Tudor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurolitnetwork.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F09%2FRomanian-Riveter-download.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-281"><a href="#cite_ref-281">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKienlechner2010" class="citation journal cs1">Kienlechner, Sabina (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sinn-und-form.de/?tabelle=leseprobe&titel_id=4320">"'Unter dem Einfluß der bürgerlichen Ideologie'. Die 'Aktionsgruppe Banat' in den Akten der Securitate"</a>. 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DW. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210130172718/https://www.dw.com/ro/exclusivitate-scriitorul-richard-wagner-despre-securitate-istorie-%C5%9Fi-adev%C4%83r/a-5217953">Archived</a> from the original on 30 January 2021. 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Analele Banatului, Arheologie–Istorie. XV: 215–229. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bcut.ro/dyn_img/Analele%20Banatului%20Arheologie-Istorie/Analele%20Banatului%20XV%202007/l_bratu.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analele+Banatului%2C+Arheologie%E2%80%93Istorie&rft.atitle=Evolu%C8%9Bia+vie%C8%9Bii+muzicale+timi%C8%99orene+%C3%AEn+perioada+antebelic%C4%83&rft.volume=XV&rft.pages=215-229&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Bratu&rft.aufirst=Lava&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bcut.ro%2Fdyn_img%2FAnalele%2520Banatului%2520Arheologie-Istorie%2FAnalele%2520Banatului%2520XV%25202007%2Fl_bratu.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211207153806/http://filarmonicabanatul.ro/index.php/informatii/istoric/8-istoricul-filarmonicii-banatul-timisoara">"Istoricul Filarmonicii Banatul Timișoara"</a>. Filarmonica Banatul Timișoara. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.filarmonicabanatul.ro/index.php/informatii/istoric/8-istoricul-filarmonicii-banatul-timisoara">the original</a> on 7 December 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Filarmonica+Banatul+Timi%C8%99oara&rft.atitle=Istoricul+Filarmonicii+Banatul+Timi%C8%99oara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.filarmonicabanatul.ro%2Findex.php%2Finformatii%2Fistoric%2F8-istoricul-filarmonicii-banatul-timisoara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-285"><a href="#cite_ref-285">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoth2016" class="citation web cs1">Both, Ștefan (8 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adevarul.ro/locale/timisoara/legatura-sufleteasca-regele-mihai-timisoara-ctitorit-catedrala-infiintat-universitatea-vest-filarmonica-banatului-1_56dda56c5ab6550cb89913ad/index.html">"Legătura sufletească între Regele Mihai și Timișoara. A ctitorit Catedrala, a înființat Universitatea de Vest și Filarmonica Banatului"</a>. Adevărul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180515225454/http://adevarul.ro/locale/timisoara/legatura-sufleteasca-regele-mihai-timisoara-ctitorit-catedrala-infiintat-universitatea-vest-filarmonica-banatului-1_56dda56c5ab6550cb89913ad/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2018. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Adev%C4%83rul&rft.atitle=Leg%C4%83tura+sufleteasc%C4%83+%C3%AEntre+Regele+Mihai+%C8%99i+Timi%C8%99oara.+A+ctitorit+Catedrala%2C+a+%C3%AEnfiin%C8%9Bat+Universitatea+de+Vest+%C8%99i+Filarmonica+Banatului&rft.date=2016-03-08&rft.aulast=Both&rft.aufirst=%C8%98tefan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadevarul.ro%2Flocale%2Ftimisoara%2Flegatura-sufleteasca-regele-mihai-timisoara-ctitorit-catedrala-infiintat-universitatea-vest-filarmonica-banatului-1_56dda56c5ab6550cb89913ad%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-286"><a href="#cite_ref-286">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muzeuldeartatm.ro/expozitii/expozitii-permanente/">"Expoziții permanente"</a>. 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Muzeul Național al Banatului. 21 September 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210119202603/https://mnab.ro/istoricul-muzeului/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Muzeul+Na%C8%9Bional+al+Banatului&rft.atitle=Istoricul+Muzeului&rft.date=2016-09-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmnab.ro%2Fistoricul-muzeului%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-288"><a href="#cite_ref-288">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGimbutas2007" class="citation book cs1">Gimbutas, Marija (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zKFFOoPlyjIC">The Goddesses and Gods of Old Europe, 6500 – 3500 BC: Myths and Cult Images</a> (3rd ed.). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. p. 250. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-25398-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-25398-8"><bdi>978-0-520-25398-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/72-82323">72-82323</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231114210854/https://books.google.com/books?id=zKFFOoPlyjIC">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2023. Retrieved 31 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Goddesses+and+Gods+of+Old+Europe%2C+6500+%E2%80%93+3500+BC%3A+Myths+and+Cult+Images&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+CA&rft.pages=250&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F72-82323&rft.isbn=978-0-520-25398-8&rft.aulast=Gimbutas&rft.aufirst=Marija&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzKFFOoPlyjIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-289"><a href="#cite_ref-289">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419092452/https://timisoara-info.ro/ro/cultura/muzee/351-muzeul-de-transport-public-qcorneliu-miklosiq.html">"Muzeul de Transport Public "Corneliu Miklosi""</a>. Timisoara-Info.ro. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timisoara-info.ro/ro/cultura/muzee/351-muzeul-de-transport-public-qcorneliu-miklosiq.html">the original</a> on 19 April 2021. 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Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ordinul+Arhitec%C8%9Bilor+din+Rom%C3%A2nia&rft.atitle=Centrul+pentru+Art%C4%83%2C+Tehnologie+%C8%99i+Experiment%2C+MultipleXity&rft.date=2020-01-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oar.archi%2Fro%2Fconcursuri%2Fcentrul-pentru-arta-tehnologie-si-experiment-multiplexity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-291"><a href="#cite_ref-291">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ghidulmuzeelor.cimec.ro/id.asp?k=721&-Muzeul-Militar-TIMISOARA-Timis">"Muzeul Militar Timișoara"</a>. Muzee și Colecții din România. 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TION. 27 February 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127204959/https://www.tion.ro/stirile-judetului-timis/un-nou-pas-facut-pentru-realizarea-muzeului-national-al-revolutiei-anticomuniste-din-decembrie-1989-de-la-timisoara-971130/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2021. 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Fântâni iluminate, pianine în foișor și zeci de mii de flori. Foto și video"</a>. Opinia Timișoarei. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210122015108/https://www.opiniatimisoarei.ro/liber-la-plimbare-si-stat-pe-iarba-in-parcul-central-din-timisoara-fantani-iluminate-pianine-in-foisor-si-zeci-de-mii-de-flori-foto-si-video/02/08/2019">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Opinia+Timi%C8%99oarei&rft.atitle=Liber+la+plimbare+%C8%99i+stat+pe+iarb%C4%83+%C3%AEn+Parcul+Central+din+Timi%C8%99oara.+F%C3%A2nt%C3%A2ni+iluminate%2C+pianine+%C3%AEn+foi%C8%99or+%C8%99i+zeci+de+mii+de+flori.+Foto+%C8%99i+video&rft.date=2019-08-02&rft.aulast=Dichi%C8%99&rft.aufirst=Bianca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opiniatimisoarei.ro%2Fliber-la-plimbare-si-stat-pe-iarba-in-parcul-central-din-timisoara-fantani-iluminate-pianine-in-foisor-si-zeci-de-mii-de-flori-foto-si-video%2F02%2F08%2F2019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-305"><a href="#cite_ref-305">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stirileprotv.ro/stiri/timis/istoria-parcurilor-din-timisoara-vezi-ce-povesti-au-in-spate-locurile-de-promenada-din-oras.html">"Istoria parcurilor din Timișoara. Vezi ce povești au în spate locurile de promenadă din oraș"</a>. Știrile Pro TV. 19 November 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210124153608/https://stirileprotv.ro/stiri/timis/istoria-parcurilor-din-timisoara-vezi-ce-povesti-au-in-spate-locurile-de-promenada-din-oras.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%C8%98tirile+Pro+TV&rft.atitle=Istoria+parcurilor+din+Timi%C8%99oara.+Vezi+ce+pove%C8%99ti+au+%C3%AEn+spate+locurile+de+promenad%C4%83+din+ora%C8%99&rft.date=2012-11-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstirileprotv.ro%2Fstiri%2Ftimis%2Fistoria-parcurilor-din-timisoara-vezi-ce-povesti-au-in-spate-locurile-de-promenada-din-oras.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rozelor-306">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rozelor_306-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rozelor_306-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220929024428/https://timisoara-info.ro/ro/atracii-turistice/alte-atracii/338-parcul-rozelor.html">"Parcul Rozelor"</a>. Timisoara-Info.ro. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timisoara-info.ro/ro/atracii-turistice/alte-atracii/338-parcul-rozelor.html">the original</a> on 29 September 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Timisoara-Info.ro&rft.atitle=Parcul+Rozelor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timisoara-info.ro%2Fro%2Fatracii-turistice%2Falte-atracii%2F338-parcul-rozelor.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-307"><a href="#cite_ref-307">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arcgis.com/apps/MapJournal/index.html?appid=1ffcd9b1166744b7ad590642dc5af618">"Istoria uitată a parcurilor din Timișoara"</a>. ArcGIS. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201114081517/https://www.arcgis.com/apps/MapJournal/index.html?appid=1ffcd9b1166744b7ad590642dc5af618">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ArcGIS&rft.atitle=Istoria+uitat%C4%83+a+parcurilor+din+Timi%C8%99oara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arcgis.com%2Fapps%2FMapJournal%2Findex.html%3Fappid%3D1ffcd9b1166744b7ad590642dc5af618&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-308"><a href="#cite_ref-308">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeaconescu2012" class="citation web cs1">Deaconescu, Roxana (1 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opiniatimisoarei.ro/parcul-copiilor-a-fost-redeschis-prichindeii-timisoreni-au-avut-parte-de-cea-mai-frumoasa-surpriza-de-1-iunie-foto/01/06/2012">"Parcul Copiilor a fost redeschis. Prichindeii timișoreni au avut parte de cea mai frumoasă surpriză de 1 iunie! FOTO!"</a>. Opinia Timișoarei. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210124153730/https://www.opiniatimisoarei.ro/parcul-copiilor-a-fost-redeschis-prichindeii-timisoreni-au-avut-parte-de-cea-mai-frumoasa-surpriza-de-1-iunie-foto/01/06/2012">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Opinia+Timi%C8%99oarei&rft.atitle=Parcul+Copiilor+a+fost+redeschis.+Prichindeii+timi%C8%99oreni+au+avut+parte+de+cea+mai+frumoas%C4%83+surpriz%C4%83+de+1+iunie%21+FOTO%21&rft.date=2012-06-01&rft.aulast=Deaconescu&rft.aufirst=Roxana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opiniatimisoarei.ro%2Fparcul-copiilor-a-fost-redeschis-prichindeii-timisoreni-au-avut-parte-de-cea-mai-frumoasa-surpriza-de-1-iunie-foto%2F01%2F06%2F2012&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-309"><a href="#cite_ref-309">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210920072133/https://dmmt.ro/index.php?meniuId=17&viewCat=563&viewItem=232">"Grădina Botanică"</a>. Direcția de Mediu a municipiului Timișoara. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dmmt.ro/index.php?meniuId=17&viewCat=563&viewItem=232">the original</a> on 20 September 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Direc%C8%9Bia+de+Mediu+a+municipiului+Timi%C8%99oara&rft.atitle=Gr%C4%83dina+Botanic%C4%83&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dmmt.ro%2Findex.php%3FmeniuId%3D17%26viewCat%3D563%26viewItem%3D232&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-310"><a href="#cite_ref-310">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDichiș2019" class="citation web cs1">Dichiș, Bianca (22 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opiniatimisoarei.ro/schimbarea-la-fata-a-parcului-civic-din-timisoara-vor-aparea-o-fantana-decorativa-o-multime-de-flori-si-arbusti-porneste-santierul-in-cateva-zile/22/11/2019">"Schimbarea la față a Parcului Civic din Timișoara. Vor apărea o fântână decorativă, o mulțime de flori și arbuști. Pornește șantierul în câteva zile"</a>. Opinia Timișoarei. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210122193648/https://www.opiniatimisoarei.ro/schimbarea-la-fata-a-parcului-civic-din-timisoara-vor-aparea-o-fantana-decorativa-o-multime-de-flori-si-arbusti-porneste-santierul-in-cateva-zile/22/11/2019">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Opinia+Timi%C8%99oarei&rft.atitle=Schimbarea+la+fa%C8%9B%C4%83+a+Parcului+Civic+din+Timi%C8%99oara.+Vor+ap%C4%83rea+o+f%C3%A2nt%C3%A2n%C4%83+decorativ%C4%83%2C+o+mul%C8%9Bime+de+flori+%C8%99i+arbu%C8%99ti.+Porne%C8%99te+%C8%99antierul+%C3%AEn+c%C3%A2teva+zile&rft.date=2019-11-22&rft.aulast=Dichi%C8%99&rft.aufirst=Bianca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opiniatimisoarei.ro%2Fschimbarea-la-fata-a-parcului-civic-din-timisoara-vor-aparea-o-fantana-decorativa-o-multime-de-flori-si-arbusti-porneste-santierul-in-cateva-zile%2F22%2F11%2F2019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-311"><a href="#cite_ref-311">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiholari2019" class="citation web cs1">Biholari, Cornel (10 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pressalert.ro/2019/11/povestea-cat-ului-primul-club-de-fotbal-al-timisoarei-aproape-de-trofee-fuzionat-cu-rgmt-si-persecutat-de-fascisti/">"Povestea CAT-ului, primul club de fotbal al Timișoarei. Aproape de trofee, fuzionat cu RGMT și persecutat de fasciști"</a>. pressalert.ro. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128220858/https://www.pressalert.ro/2019/11/povestea-cat-ului-primul-club-de-fotbal-al-timisoarei-aproape-de-trofee-fuzionat-cu-rgmt-si-persecutat-de-fascisti/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pressalert.ro&rft.atitle=Povestea+CAT-ului%2C+primul+club+de+fotbal+al+Timi%C8%99oarei.+Aproape+de+trofee%2C+fuzionat+cu+RGMT+%C8%99i+persecutat+de+fasci%C8%99ti&rft.date=2019-11-10&rft.aulast=Biholari&rft.aufirst=Cornel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pressalert.ro%2F2019%2F11%2Fpovestea-cat-ului-primul-club-de-fotbal-al-timisoarei-aproape-de-trofee-fuzionat-cu-rgmt-si-persecutat-de-fascisti%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-312"><a href="#cite_ref-312">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDudaș1971" class="citation book cs1">Dudaș, Iosif (1971). Timișoara, leagănul fotbalului românesc. Consiliul Județean pentru Educație Fizică și Sport Timiș.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Timi%C8%99oara%2C+leag%C4%83nul+fotbalului+rom%C3%A2nesc&rft.pub=Consiliul+Jude%C8%9Bean+pentru+Educa%C8%9Bie+Fizic%C4%83+%C8%99i+Sport+Timi%C8%99&rft.date=1971&rft.aulast=Duda%C8%99&rft.aufirst=Iosif&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-313"><a href="#cite_ref-313">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stirileprotv.ro/stiri/timis/ripensia-inviata-dupa-64-de-ani-planul-znostalgicilor-timisoreni-pentru-cvadrupla-campioana.html">"Ripensia, înviată după 64 de ani! Planul "nostalgicilor" timișoreni pentru cvadrupla campioană"</a>. Știrile Pro TV. 23 July 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128142706/https://stirileprotv.ro/stiri/timis/ripensia-inviata-dupa-64-de-ani-planul-znostalgicilor-timisoreni-pentru-cvadrupla-campioana.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%C8%98tirile+Pro+TV&rft.atitle=Ripensia%2C+%C3%AEnviat%C4%83+dup%C4%83+64+de+ani%21+Planul+%22nostalgicilor%22+timi%C8%99oreni+pentru+cvadrupla+campioan%C4%83&rft.date=2012-07-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstirileprotv.ro%2Fstiri%2Ftimis%2Fripensia-inviata-dupa-64-de-ani-planul-znostalgicilor-timisoreni-pentru-cvadrupla-campioana.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-314"><a href="#cite_ref-314">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scmtimisoara.ro/despre-noi/">"Despre noi"</a>. SCM Timișoara. 19 October 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127130504/http://www.scmtimisoara.ro/despre-noi/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SCM+Timi%C8%99oara&rft.atitle=Despre+noi&rft.date=2017-10-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmtimisoara.ro%2Fdespre-noi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-315"><a href="#cite_ref-315">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digisport.ro/fotbal/liga-2/un-stadion-istoric-va-fi-demolat-si-noua-arena-va-costa-100-de-milioane-de-euro-anuntul-autoritatilor-952669">"Un stadion istoric va fi demolat și noua arenă va costa 100 de milioane de euro! Anunțul autorităților"</a>. Digi Sport. 21 November 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128064041/https://www.digisport.ro/fotbal/liga-2/un-stadion-istoric-va-fi-demolat-si-noua-arena-va-costa-100-de-milioane-de-euro-anuntul-autoritatilor-952669">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Digi+Sport&rft.atitle=Un+stadion+istoric+va+fi+demolat+%C8%99i+noua+aren%C4%83+va+costa+100+de+milioane+de+euro%21+Anun%C8%9Bul+autorit%C4%83%C8%9Bilor&rft.date=2020-11-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.digisport.ro%2Ffotbal%2Fliga-2%2Fun-stadion-istoric-va-fi-demolat-si-noua-arena-va-costa-100-de-milioane-de-euro-anuntul-autoritatilor-952669&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-316"><a href="#cite_ref-316">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeaconescu2020" class="citation web cs1">Deaconescu, Roxana (9 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tion.ro/stirile-judetului-timis/alte-promisiuni-pentru-stadionul-si-sala-polivalenta-din-timisoara-alin-nica-a-facut-doua-vizite-la-cni-1353630/">"Alte promisiuni pentru stadionul și sala polivalentă din Timișoara. Alin Nica a făcut două vizite la CNI"</a>. TION. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210117121921/https://www.tion.ro/stirile-judetului-timis/alte-promisiuni-pentru-stadionul-si-sala-polivalenta-din-timisoara-alin-nica-a-facut-doua-vizite-la-cni-1353630/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TION&rft.atitle=Alte+promisiuni+pentru+stadionul+%C8%99i+sala+polivalent%C4%83+din+Timi%C8%99oara.+Alin+Nica+a+f%C4%83cut+dou%C4%83+vizite+la+CNI&rft.date=2020-10-09&rft.aulast=Deaconescu&rft.aufirst=Roxana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tion.ro%2Fstirile-judetului-timis%2Falte-promisiuni-pentru-stadionul-si-sala-polivalenta-din-timisoara-alin-nica-a-facut-doua-vizite-la-cni-1353630%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-317"><a href="#cite_ref-317">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoth2017" class="citation web cs1">Both, Ștefan (28 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adevarul.ro/locale/timisoara/foto-povestea-batranei-arene-olimpia-timisoara-1968-ramane-sala-sport-cea-mai-importanta-oras-1_590209775ab6550cb899d31c/index.html">"Povestea bătrânei arene "Olimpia" din Timișoara. Din 1968, rămâne sala de sport cea mai importantă din oraș"</a>. Adevărul.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Adev%C4%83rul&rft.atitle=Povestea+b%C4%83tr%C3%A2nei+arene+%22Olimpia%22+din+Timi%C8%99oara.+Din+1968%2C+r%C4%83m%C3%A2ne+sala+de+sport+cea+mai+important%C4%83+din+ora%C8%99&rft.date=2017-04-28&rft.aulast=Both&rft.aufirst=%C8%98tefan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadevarul.ro%2Flocale%2Ftimisoara%2Ffoto-povestea-batranei-arene-olimpia-timisoara-1968-ramane-sala-sport-cea-mai-importanta-oras-1_590209775ab6550cb899d31c%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-318"><a href="#cite_ref-318">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlăvan2011" class="citation journal cs1">Glăvan, Ciprian (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210122192754/http://www.bcut.ro/dyn_img/Analele%20Banatului%20Arheologie-Istorie/Analele%20Banatului%20S.N.%20XX%20%E2%80%93%202012/21_Glavan.pdf">"Premisele, geneza și evoluția presei de limbă germană din Banat între anii 1771–1867"</a> (PDF). Analele Banatului, Arheologie–Istorie. XIX: 359–376. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bcut.ro/dyn_img/Analele%20Banatului%20Arheologie-Istorie/Analele%20Banatului%20S.N.%20XX%20%E2%80%93%202012/21_Glavan.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 22 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analele+Banatului%2C+Arheologie%E2%80%93Istorie&rft.atitle=Premisele%2C+geneza+%C8%99i+evolu%C8%9Bia+presei+de+limb%C4%83+german%C4%83+din+Banat+%C3%AEntre+anii+1771%E2%80%931867&rft.volume=XIX&rft.pages=359-376&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Gl%C4%83van&rft.aufirst=Ciprian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bcut.ro%2Fdyn_img%2FAnalele%2520Banatului%2520Arheologie-Istorie%2FAnalele%2520Banatului%2520S.N.%2520XX%2520%25E2%2580%2593%25202012%2F21_Glavan.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-319"><a href="#cite_ref-319">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dbsr.ro/cats/04-almanasi/banalm2-ro.html">"Banatski almanah"</a>. 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Timiș County Council. 2020. p. 36.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Timi%C8%99oara+Consular+Body&rft.btitle=Investing+in+Timi%C8%99.+The+Investor%27s+Guide&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=Timi%C8%99+County+Council&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cjtimis.ro%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F07%2FGhidul-investitorului_v4_final_Engleza-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-337"><a href="#cite_ref-337">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220820023250/https://www.primariatm.ro/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Starea_economica_2020.pdf">"Starea economică, socială şi de mediu a municipiului Timişoara 2020: Cooperarea internaţională"</a> (PDF) (in Romanian). Timișoara. April 2021. p. 93. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.primariatm.ro/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Starea_economica_2020.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 20 August 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Starea+economic%C4%83%2C+social%C4%83+%C5%9Fi+de+mediu+a+municipiului+Timi%C5%9Foara+2020%3A+Cooperarea+interna%C5%A3ional%C4%83&rft.pages=93&rft.pub=Timi%C8%99oara&rft.date=2021-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.primariatm.ro%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2021%2F04%2FStarea_economica_2020.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-338"><a href="#cite_ref-338">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.primariatm.ro/orase-infratite">"Orașe înfrățite"</a>. Primăria Municipiului Timișoara.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Prim%C4%83ria+Municipiului+Timi%C8%99oara&rft.atitle=Ora%C8%99e+%C3%AEnfr%C4%83%C8%9Bite&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.primariatm.ro%2Forase-infratite&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-339"><a href="#cite_ref-339">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoth2019" class="citation web cs1">Both, Ștefan (5 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adevarul.ro/stiri-locale/timisoara/timisoara-s-a-infratit-cu-orasul-mexican-cancun-1928648.html">"Timișoara s-a înfrățit cu orașul mexican Cancún. Ambasadorul a făcut cadou filmul care a câștigat Premiul Oscar 2019 pentru cel mai bun film străin"</a>. Adevărul.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Adev%C4%83rul&rft.atitle=Timi%C8%99oara+s-a+%C3%AEnfr%C4%83%C8%9Bit+cu+ora%C8%99ul+mexican+Canc%C3%BAn.+Ambasadorul+a+f%C4%83cut+cadou+filmul+care+a+c%C3%A2%C8%99tigat+Premiul+Oscar+2019+pentru+cel+mai+bun+film+str%C4%83in&rft.date=2019-03-05&rft.aulast=Both&rft.aufirst=%C8%98tefan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadevarul.ro%2Fstiri-locale%2Ftimisoara%2Ftimisoara-s-a-infratit-cu-orasul-mexican-cancun-1928648.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATimi%C8%99oara" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Timi%C8%99oara&action=edit&section=69" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Timișoara at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Timi%C8%99oara" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Timișoara">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Timi%C8%99oara" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Timișoara">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Timi%C8%99oara" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Timișoara">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Timi%C8%99oara" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Timișoara">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" class="extiw" title="voy:Timișoara">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/596276">Timișoara</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Timiș_County,_Romania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:Timi%C8%99_County" title="Template:Timiș County"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Timi%C8%99_County" title="Template talk:Timiș County"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Timi%C8%99_County" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Timiș County"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Timiș_County,_Romania" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99_County" title="Timiș County">Timiș County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Municipiu" title="Municipiu">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Timișoara</a> (county seat)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugoj" title="Lugoj">Lugoj</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Timis_county_coat_of_arms.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Timiș County"><img alt="Coat of arms of Timiș County" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Timis_county_coat_of_arms.png/100px-Timis_county_coat_of_arms.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Timis_county_coat_of_arms.png/150px-Timis_county_coat_of_arms.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Timis_county_coat_of_arms.png/200px-Timis_county_coat_of_arms.png 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="477" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Romania" title="List of cities and towns in Romania">Towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buzia%C8%99" title="Buziaș">Buziaș</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciacova" title="Ciacova">Ciacova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deta,_Romania" title="Deta, Romania">Deta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C4%83get" title="Făget">Făget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C4%83taia" title="Gătaia">Gătaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimbolia" title="Jimbolia">Jimbolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reca%C8%99" title="Recaș">Recaș</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A2nnicolau_Mare" title="Sânnicolau Mare">Sânnicolau Mare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_Romania" title="Communes of Romania">Communes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balin%C8%9B" title="Balinț">Balinț</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banloc" title="Banloc">Banloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bara,_Timi%C8%99" title="Bara, Timiș">Bara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A2rna" title="Bârna">Bârna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beba_Veche" title="Beba Veche">Beba Veche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Becicherecu_Mic" title="Becicherecu Mic">Becicherecu Mic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belin%C8%9B" title="Belinț">Belinț</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethausen" title="Bethausen">Bethausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biled" title="Biled">Biled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birda" title="Birda">Birda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogda" title="Bogda">Bogda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boldur" title="Boldur">Boldur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brestov%C4%83%C8%9B" title="Brestovăț">Brestovăț</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucov%C4%83%C8%9B,_Timi%C8%99" title="Bucovăț, Timiș">Bucovăț</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C4%83rpini%C8%99" title="Cărpiniș">Cărpiniș</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenad" title="Cenad">Cenad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenei" title="Cenei">Cenei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checea" title="Checea">Checea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevere%C8%99u_Mare" title="Chevereșu Mare">Chevereșu Mare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comlo%C8%99u_Mare" title="Comloșu Mare">Comloșu Mare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co%C8%99teiu" title="Coșteiu">Coșteiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criciova" title="Criciova">Criciova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtea" title="Curtea">Curtea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darova" title="Darova">Darova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denta" title="Denta">Denta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dude%C8%99tii_Noi" title="Dudeștii Noi">Dudeștii Noi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dude%C8%99tii_Vechi" title="Dudeștii Vechi">Dudeștii Vechi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumbrava,_Timi%C8%99" title="Dumbrava, Timiș">Dumbrava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumbr%C4%83vi%C8%9Ba,_Timi%C8%99" title="Dumbrăvița, Timiș">Dumbrăvița</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A2rdea" title="Fârdea">Fârdea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibi%C8%99" title="Fibiș">Fibiș</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foeni" title="Foeni">Foeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavojdia" title="Gavojdia">Gavojdia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghilad" title="Ghilad">Ghilad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghiroda" title="Ghiroda">Ghiroda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghizela" title="Ghizela">Ghizela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giarmata" title="Giarmata">Giarmata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giera" title="Giera">Giera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giroc" title="Giroc">Giroc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulv%C4%83z" title="Giulvăz">Giulvăz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottlob,_Timi%C8%99" title="Gottlob, Timiș">Gottlob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iecea_Mare" title="Iecea Mare">Iecea Mare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamu_Mare" title="Jamu Mare">Jamu Mare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jebel,_Timi%C8%99" title="Jebel, Timiș">Jebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenauheim" title="Lenauheim">Lenauheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liebling,_Timi%C8%99" title="Liebling, Timiș">Liebling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livezile,_Timi%C8%99" title="Livezile, Timiș">Livezile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovrin" title="Lovrin">Lovrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%83n%C4%83%C8%99tiur" title="Mănăștiur">Mănăștiur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margina" title="Margina">Margina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%C8%99loc" title="Mașloc">Mașloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moravi%C8%9Ba" title="Moravița">Moravița</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo%C8%99ni%C8%9Ba_Nou%C4%83" title="Moșnița Nouă">Moșnița Nouă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%83drag" title="Nădrag">Nădrag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%C8%9Bchidorf" title="Nițchidorf">Nițchidorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohaba_Lung%C4%83" title="Ohaba Lungă">Ohaba Lungă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Or%C8%9Bi%C8%99oara" title="Orțișoara">Orțișoara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otelec" title="Otelec">Otelec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%83dureni,_Timi%C8%99" title="Pădureni, Timiș">Pădureni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Par%C8%9Ba" title="Parța">Parța</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peciu_Nou" title="Peciu Nou">Peciu Nou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periam" title="Periam">Periam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesac" title="Pesac">Pesac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietroasa,_Timi%C8%99" title="Pietroasa, Timiș">Pietroasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi%C8%99chia" title="Pișchia">Pișchia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racovi%C8%9Ba,_Timi%C8%99" title="Racovița, Timiș">Racovița</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remetea_Mare" title="Remetea Mare">Remetea Mare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%83c%C4%83laz" title="Săcălaz">Săcălaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saco%C8%99u_Turcesc" title="Sacoșu Turcesc">Sacoșu Turcesc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C8%98ag" title="Șag">Șag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A2nandrei" title="Sânandrei">Sânandrei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C8%98andra" title="Șandra">Șandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A2nmihaiu_Rom%C3%A2n" title="Sânmihaiu Român">Sânmihaiu Român</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A2npetru_Mare" title="Sânpetru Mare">Sânpetru Mare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saravale" title="Saravale">Saravale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satchinez" title="Satchinez">Satchinez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seca%C8%99" title="Secaș">Secaș</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C8%98tiuca" title="Știuca">Știuca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teremia_Mare" title="Teremia Mare">Teremia Mare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tome%C8%99ti,_Timi%C8%99" title="Tomești, Timiș">Tomești</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomnatic" title="Tomnatic">Tomnatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topolov%C4%83%C8%9Bu_Mare" title="Topolovățu Mare">Topolovățu Mare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tormac" title="Tormac">Tormac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traian_Vuia,_Timi%C8%99" title="Traian Vuia, Timiș">Traian Vuia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uivar" title="Uivar">Uivar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%83lcani" title="Vălcani">Vălcani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varia%C8%99" title="Variaș">Variaș</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Vlad_Delamarina,_Timi%C8%99" title="Victor Vlad Delamarina, Timiș">Victor Vlad Delamarina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiteg" title="Voiteg">Voiteg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_in_Romania_by_population" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_in_Romania" title="Template:Cities in Romania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_in_Romania" title="Template talk:Cities in Romania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_in_Romania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities in Romania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_in_Romania_by_population" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Romania" title="List of cities and towns in Romania">Cities in Romania</a> by population</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1,000,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cluj-Napoca" title="Cluj-Napoca">Cluj-Napoca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ia%C8%99i" title="Iași">Iași</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Constanța">Constanța</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Timișoara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bra%C8%99ov" title="Brașov">Brașov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craiova" title="Craiova">Craiova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gala%C8%9Bi" title="Galați">Galați</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oradea" title="Oradea">Oradea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ploie%C8%99ti" title="Ploiești">Ploiești</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C4%83ila" title="Brăila">Brăila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arad,_Romania" title="Arad, Romania">Arad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pite%C8%99ti" title="Pitești">Pitești</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bac%C4%83u" title="Bacău">Bacău</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibiu" title="Sibiu">Sibiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2rgu_Mure%C8%99" title="Târgu Mureș">Târgu Mureș</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baia_Mare" title="Baia Mare">Baia Mare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buz%C4%83u" title="Buzău">Buzău</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding:0.4em; line-height:1.0em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Romania" title="List of cities and towns in Romania">complete list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipiu" title="Municipiu">municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_areas_in_Romania" title="Metropolitan areas in Romania">metropolitan areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Romanian_counties_by_population" title="List of Romanian counties by population">counties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="County_seats_of_Romania_(alphabetical_order_by_county)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:RoJudCapitals" title="Template:RoJudCapitals"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:RoJudCapitals" title="Template talk:RoJudCapitals"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:RoJudCapitals" title="Special:EditPage/Template:RoJudCapitals"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="County_seats_of_Romania_(alphabetical_order_by_county)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Romania" title="Counties of Romania">County seats</a> of <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> (alphabetical order by county)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alba_Iulia" title="Alba Iulia">Alba Iulia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arad,_Romania" title="Arad, Romania">Arad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pite%C8%99ti" title="Pitești">Pitești</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bac%C4%83u" title="Bacău">Bacău</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oradea" title="Oradea">Oradea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bistri%C8%9Ba" title="Bistrița">Bistrița</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boto%C8%99ani" title="Botoșani">Botoșani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bra%C8%99ov" title="Brașov">Brașov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C4%83ila" title="Brăila">Brăila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buz%C4%83u" title="Buzău">Buzău</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Re%C8%99i%C8%9Ba" title="Reșița">Reșița</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C4%83l%C4%83ra%C8%99i" title="Călărași">Călărași</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cluj-Napoca" title="Cluj-Napoca">Cluj-Napoca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Constanța">Constanța</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sf%C3%A2ntu_Gheorghe" title="Sfântu Gheorghe">Sfântu Gheorghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2rgovi%C8%99te" title="Târgoviște">Târgoviște</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craiova" title="Craiova">Craiova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gala%C8%9Bi" title="Galați">Galați</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giurgiu" title="Giurgiu">Giurgiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2rgu_Jiu" title="Târgu Jiu">Târgu Jiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miercurea_Ciuc" title="Miercurea Ciuc">Miercurea Ciuc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deva,_Romania" title="Deva, Romania">Deva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slobozia" title="Slobozia">Slobozia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ia%C8%99i" title="Iași">Iași</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baia_Mare" title="Baia Mare">Baia Mare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drobeta-Turnu_Severin" title="Drobeta-Turnu Severin">Drobeta-Turnu Severin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2rgu_Mure%C8%99" title="Târgu Mureș">Târgu Mureș</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piatra_Neam%C8%9B" title="Piatra Neamț">Piatra Neamț</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slatina,_Romania" title="Slatina, Romania">Slatina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ploie%C8%99ti" title="Ploiești">Ploiești</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satu_Mare" title="Satu Mare">Satu Mare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zal%C4%83u" title="Zalău">Zalău</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibiu" title="Sibiu">Sibiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suceava" title="Suceava">Suceava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Romania" title="Alexandria, Romania">Alexandria</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Timișoara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulcea" title="Tulcea">Tulcea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaslui" title="Vaslui">Vaslui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A2mnicu_V%C3%A2lcea" title="Râmnicu Vâlcea">Râmnicu Vâlcea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foc%C8%99ani" title="Focșani">Focșani</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a> (national capital)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Romania.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/70px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/105px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/140px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Historical_capitals_of_Hungary" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Historical_capitals_of_Hungary" title="Template:Historical capitals of Hungary"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Historical_capitals_of_Hungary" title="Template talk:Historical capitals of Hungary"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Historical_capitals_of_Hungary" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Historical capitals of Hungary"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Historical_capitals_of_Hungary" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_capitals_of_Hungary" title="List of historical capitals of Hungary">Historical capitals of Hungary</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Capitals of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Kingdom of Hungary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esztergom" title="Esztergom">Esztergom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kesfeh%C3%A9rv%C3%A1r" title="Székesfehérvár">Székesfehérvár</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buda" title="Buda">Buda</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Temesvár</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visegr%C3%A1d" title="Visegrád">Visegrád</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Bécs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Pozsony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debrecen" title="Debrecen">Debrecen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Hungary.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Coat_of_arms_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Coat_of_arms_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Coat_of_arms_of_Hungary.svg/53px-Coat_of_arms_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Coat_of_arms_of_Hungary.svg/70px-Coat_of_arms_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="2130" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Capitals of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Hungarian_Kingdom" title="Eastern Hungarian Kingdom">Eastern Hungarian Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buda" title="Buda">Buda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipova,_Arad" title="Lipova, Arad">Lippa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alba_Iulia" title="Alba Iulia">Gyulafehérvár</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Capitals of the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Transylvania_(1570%E2%80%931711)" title="Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)">Principality of Transylvania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alba_Iulia" title="Alba Iulia">Gyulafehérvár</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibiu" title="Sibiu">Nagyszeben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cluj-Napoca" title="Cluj-Napoca">Kolozsvár</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="European_Capitals_of_Culture" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Capital_of_Culture" title="Template:European Capital of Culture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Capital_of_Culture" title="Template talk:European Capital of Culture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Capital_of_Culture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Capital of Culture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="European_Capitals_of_Culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/European_Capital_of_Culture" title="European Capital of Culture">European Capitals of Culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1985</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a></dd> <dt>1986</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a></dd> <dt>1987</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></dd> <dt>1988</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/West_Berlin" title="West Berlin">West</a> <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></dd> <dt>1989</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></dd> <dt>1990</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a></dd> <dt>1991</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a></dd> <dt>1992</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></dd> <dt>1993</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a></dd> <dt>1994</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a></dd> <dt>1995</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg City</a></dd> <dt>1996</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></dd> <dt>1997</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a></dd> <dt>1998</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></dd> <dt>1999</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Weimar" title="Weimar">Weimar</a></dd> <dt>2000</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a></dd> <dt>2001</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a></dd> <dt>2002</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges">Bruges</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Salamanca" title="Salamanca">Salamanca</a></dd> <dt>2003</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Plovdiv" title="Plovdiv">Plovdiv</a></dd> <dt>2004</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a></dd> <dt>2005</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cork_(city)" title="Cork (city)">Cork</a></dd> <dt>2006</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Patras" title="Patras">Patras</a></dd> <dt>2007</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg City</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sibiu" title="Sibiu">Sibiu</a></dd> <dt>2008</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stavanger" title="Stavanger">Stavanger</a></dd> <dt>2009</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a></dd> <dt>2010</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Essen" title="Essen">Essen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9cs" title="Pécs">Pécs</a></dd> <dt>2011</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Turku" title="Turku">Turku</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a></dd> <dt>2012</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maribor" title="Maribor">Maribor</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Guimar%C3%A3es" title="Guimarães">Guimarães</a></dd> <dt>2013</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%A1ice" title="Košice">Košice</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a></dd> <dt>2014</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ume%C3%A5" title="Umeå">Umeå</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a></dd> <dt>2015</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mons,_Belgium" title="Mons, Belgium">Mons</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Plze%C5%88" title="Plzeň">Plzeň</a></dd> <dt>2016</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/San_Sebasti%C3%A1n" title="San Sebastián">San Sebastián</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Wrocław</a></dd> <dt>2017</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Aarhus" title="Aarhus">Aarhus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paphos" title="Paphos">Paphos</a></dd> <dt>2018</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leeuwarden" title="Leeuwarden">Leeuwarden</a></dd> <dt>2019</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Plovdiv" title="Plovdiv">Plovdiv</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Matera" title="Matera">Matera</a></dd> <dt>2020-April 2021</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Rijeka</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Galway" title="Galway">Galway</a></dd> <dt>2022</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Esch-sur-Alzette" title="Esch-sur-Alzette">Esch-sur-Alzette</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a></dd> <dt>2023</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Veszpr%C3%A9m" title="Veszprém">Veszprém</a></dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Timișoara</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elefsina" title="Elefsina">Elefsina</a></dd> <dt>2024</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bad_Ischl" title="Bad Ischl">Bad Ischl</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bod%C3%B8_(town)" title="Bodø (town)">Bodø</a></dd> <dt>2025</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nova_Gorica" title="Nova Gorica">Nova Gorica</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gorizia" title="Gorizia">Gorizia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chemnitz" title="Chemnitz">Chemnitz</a></dd> <dt>2026</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oulu" title="Oulu">Oulu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tren%C4%8D%C3%ADn" title="Trenčín">Trenčín</a></dd> <dt>2027</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liep%C4%81ja" title="Liepāja">Liepāja</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/1037145424674686830206">VIAF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4078196-3">Germany</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1015055-9">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121324166">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121324166">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge128591&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007310524005171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" 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