Un monde et son péché

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class="author-offset sans-photo"> <aside class="author"> <h3> <a href="/auteur/emilie-nicolas" title="Emilie Nicolas"> <img src="https://media2.ledevoir.com/documents/image/collaborateurs/normal_673218a7d889c.jpg" alt="Emilie Nicolas" height="80" width="80" class="img-responsive img-circle img-overlay"> <span>Emilie Nicolas</span></a> </h3> <p>Anthropologue, l’autrice est chroniqueuse au «Devoir» et à «Libération». Elle anime le balado «Détours pour Canadaland».</p> <time datetime="2024-12-12 00:00:00" class="clair">Publié le 12 déc. 2024</time> <strong class="article-type turquoise">Chronique</strong> <nav class="category-nav"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li><a href="/opinion/chroniques"><span>Chroniques</span></a></li> </ul> </nav> <ul class="social list-unstyled hidden-xs hidden-sm"> <li class="tw"><a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Un+monde+et+son+p%C3%A9ch%C3%A9+https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ledevoir.com%2Fopinion%2Fchroniques%2F825827%2Fchronique-monde-peche" target="_blank"><span class="normal"><svg width="1200" height="1227" viewBox="0 0 1200 1227" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M714.163 519.284L1160.89 0H1055.03L667.137 450.887L357.328 0H0L468.492 681.821L0 1226.37H105.866L515.491 750.218L842.672 1226.37H1200L714.137 519.284H714.163ZM569.165 687.828L521.697 619.934L144.011 79.6944H306.615L611.412 515.685L658.88 583.579L1055.08 1150.3H892.476L569.165 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20.031"><path fill="none" d="M1 19l6.104-4.895.505.597-.062.05L13 18.97V1H1"/><path d="M13 0H0v20.032h1V20l5.98-4.793 6.018 4.775.002-.003V20h1V0h-1z"/></svg></span></a></li> </ul> </aside> </div> <div class=" text-offset "> <div class="editor scrolling-tracker"> <p>Vous me permettrez d’accaparer l’espace public avec un exercice de catéchèse. Après tout, <a href="https://www.ledevoir.com/francois-legault">François Legault</a> lui-même nous a invités à ne <a href="https://www.ledevoir.com/societe/825452/il-faut-etre-fier-notre-tradition-catholique-dit-francois-legault" notaddlevel="true" target="_blank">« pas être gênés » de « notre tradition catholique »</a>. C’est donc sans gêne que je me rappelle avoir fait mon éducation religieuse à l’école publique québécoise dès le primaire, avoir reçu de multiples visites du prêtre de la paroisse en classe et avoir accompli ma première communion et ma confirmation à l’invitation de l’école.</p><p>C’est aussi sans gêne que je me rappelle avoir eu comme enseignantes au secondaire plusieurs religieuses, avoir été invitée à réciter des <i>Notre Père</i> et des <i>Je vous salue Marie</i> au début de mes cours de français, avoir été incitée à faire le carême et à confesser mes péchés à l’approche de Pâques, avoir reçu mes cours de formation personnelle et sociale (FPS) d’une religieuse qui insistait sur l’abstinence comme méthode de contraception et qui évitait de parler d’homosexualité, avoir été dirigée vers l’animateur de pastorale lorsque j’ai voulu m’impliquer socialement et avoir dû interrompre mes séances d’anglais intensif pour suivre des leçons sur Jésus lors d’un camp d’été organisé par le Patro local.</p><p>À Lévis, mon cher bout de pays aujourd’hui représenté à l’Assemblée nationale par le ministre de l’Éducation, Bernard Drainville, j’ai moins été témoin dans les années 1990 et 2000 d’un <i>entrisme religieux</i> que d’une absence de <i>sortisme</i> qui ne dérangeait pas grand monde. Il faut bien que cette expérience me serve à quelque chose : j’en reviens donc à cet exercice de catéchèse.</p><p>***</p><p>Les sept péchés capitaux sont la colère, l’avarice, l’envie, l’orgueil, la gourmandise, la paresse et la luxure. L’avarice, qui m’intéresse particulièrement aujourd’hui, se définit par un attachement excessif à l’argent et un désir compulsif de l’accumuler.</p><p>Indirectement, une réflexion sur l’avarice domine l’actualité américaine alors qu’une partie d’Internet s’est entichée de <a href="https://www.ledevoir.com/monde/etats-unis/825726/luigi-mangione-premier-classe-colere-contre-systeme-sante-americain" notaddlevel="true" target="_blank">Luigi Mangione, l’assassin présumé du p.-d.g. du Groupe UnitedHealth</a>, une des plus importantes compagnies d’assurance maladie des États-Unis. Si le décès du p.-d.g. fait l’objet d’une quantité phénoménale de mèmes étrangement célébratoires, c’est que sa compagnie est reconnue pour refuser de rembourser des traitements qui sauveraient la vie de ses clients. On compare donc la mort de Brian Thompson, par balle, à celle de ses clients, morts de… paperasse.</p><p>Mieux : ce que l’affaire met cruellement en exergue, c’est que des milliers d’Américains meurent chaque année… <i>d’avarice</i>. Une corde sensible a été touchée.</p><p>De plus, indirectement, la question de l’avarice était au cœur de la <a href="https://www.ledevoir.com/cop29">COP29</a> le mois dernier, et, franchement, de toutes les dernières COP. Les pays du G20 rejettent 77 % des émissions mondiales de gaz à effet de serre, mais refusent à chaque conférence de financer convenablement la transition énergétique et l’adaptation climatique des pays dont les populations souffrent le plus des dérèglements engendrés. D’une part, la désertification, la hausse du niveau de la mer, les sécheresses, les inondations, la déforestation et la perte de biodiversité mettent en danger la vie de populations entières. D’autre part, lorsque ces populations sont forcées de migrer vers des économies plus résilientes, on leur ferme les frontières ou on les laisse se noyer dans la Méditerranée.</p><p>L’avarice des élites politiques du Nord, en matière de climat, est donc triple. Premièrement, on se rebiffe à tout changement trop profond au mode de vie pourtant archipolluant des privilégiés. Deuxièmement, on ne veut pas que « trop » de l’argent de l’État et des entreprises aille à ceux qui en paient le prix dans le Sud. Troisièmement, lorsque les gens du Sud sont plus ou moins forcés de venir à nous, nos gouvernements ne veulent pas que « trop » de « nos » taxes servent à l’offre de services auxquels les immigrants contribuent aussi.</p><p>De tous les péchés capitaux, l’avarice est de loin celui qui infiltre, en filigrane, le plus grand nombre de débats publics. Si des organisations autochtones ont dû faire adopter <a href="https://www.ledevoir.com/societe/805035/canada-est-accuse-faillir-principe-jordan-visant-enfants-autochtones" notaddlevel="true" target="_blank">le principe de Jordan</a>, c’est parce que les gouvernements fédéral et provinciaux se renvoyaient la balle pour éviter de payer des soins de santé aux enfants des Premières Nations… jusqu’à ce que le petit Jordan meure de cette avarice.</p><p>Si les caribous sont en voie de disparition, c’est à cause d’un « développement économique » que l’on voudrait, par avarice, infini. Les ressources destinées aux organismes qui viennent en aide aux personnes en situation d’itinérance manquent ? Avarice. Et pourquoi ne disposons-nous pas de logements abordables pour ces personnes ? Au-delà des spécificités des politiques publiques, on sait très bien de quel enjeu moral il est question ici.</p><p>Parce qu’une question que n’importe quel enfant qui fait sa catéchèse pourrait se poser le plus sincèrement du monde, c’est : quelle est la différence entre la définition de l’avarice et celle du capitalisme, le régime économique dominant qui s’avère effectivement <i>mortel</i> pour la planète, le vivant et les humains les plus vulnérables ? Je ne peux pas m’empêcher de remarquer l’étymologie des termes, et de me demander si, dans le monde eurocentré de tradition chrétienne, le <i>capitalisme</i> n’est pas simplement ce<i> péché (du) capital</i> érigé en système.</p><p>Et c’est là qu’on atteint la limite de la doctrine catholique classique, qui nous incite dans ses versions dominantes à voir les « péchés » comme des fautes de personnages médiocres, tels que Séraphin Poudrier, mais à ne pas trop remettre en question les systèmes de pouvoir et ceux qui les mènent. On nous dit que les derniers seront les premiers dans le royaume des cieux, et c’est en partie pour nous faire accepter que sur cette terre qui vient de se réchauffer d’un fatidique 1,5 degré Celsius, les derniers à mourir d’avarice seront les plus grands avares.</p><p>Pour enfin se révolter contre cette hausse des températures <i>infernale</i>, il faudra très certainement puiser dans des traditions spirituelles, politiques et morales qui ne m’ont pas été aussi bien transmises à l’école.</p> <div class="extra_texte"> <p class="encadre-opinion">Ce texte fait partie de notre section Opinion, qui favorise une pluralité des voix et des idées. 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