What Is Information Security?

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<div class="cds--author-signature"> <div class="cds--author-signature__author"> <div class="cds--author-signature__author--image"> <div class="cds--author-signature__author--image--default"> <svg id="icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"> <path d="M16,8a5,5,0,1,0,5,5A5,5,0,0,0,16,8Zm0,8a3,3,0,1,1,3-3A3.0034,3.0034,0,0,1,16,16Z"/> <path d="M16,2A14,14,0,1,0,30,16,14.0158,14.0158,0,0,0,16,2ZM10,26.3765V25a3.0033,3.0033,0,0,1,3-3h6a3.0033,3.0033,0,0,1,3,3v1.3765a11.8989,11.8989,0,0,1-12,0Zm13.9925-1.4507A5.0016,5.0016,0,0,0,19,20H13a5.0016,5.0016,0,0,0-4.9925,4.9258,12,12,0,1,1,15.985,0Z"/> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="cds--author-signature__author--details"> <a href="https://www.ibm.com/think/author/jim-holdsworth"> <h4 class="productive-heading-02">Jim Holdsworth</h4> </a> <p class="auth-signature-paragraph body-short-02">Writer</p> </div> </div> <div class="cds--author-signature__author"> <div class="cds--author-signature__author--image"> <div class="cds--author-signature__author--image--default"> <svg id="icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"> <path d="M16,8a5,5,0,1,0,5,5A5,5,0,0,0,16,8Zm0,8a3,3,0,1,1,3-3A3.0034,3.0034,0,0,1,16,16Z"/> <path d="M16,2A14,14,0,1,0,30,16,14.0158,14.0158,0,0,0,16,2ZM10,26.3765V25a3.0033,3.0033,0,0,1,3-3h6a3.0033,3.0033,0,0,1,3,3v1.3765a11.8989,11.8989,0,0,1-12,0Zm13.9925-1.4507A5.0016,5.0016,0,0,0,19,20H13a5.0016,5.0016,0,0,0-4.9925,4.9258,12,12,0,1,1,15.985,0Z"/> </svg> </div> </div> <div class="cds--author-signature__author--details"> <a href="https://www.ibm.com/think/author/matthew-kosinski"> <h4 class="productive-heading-02">Matthew Kosinski</h4> </a> <p class="auth-signature-paragraph body-short-02">Enterprise Technology Writer</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="standalone-title enhanced-title text"> <h2 class="expressive-heading-05 "> What is information security? </h2> <a data-title="What is information security?" name="What+is+information+security%3F"></a> </div> <div class="rich-text text"><div class="cms-richtext lead-in" id="rich-text-898467c987" data-dynamic-inner-content="description"> <p>Information security (InfoSec) is the protection of important information against unauthorized access, disclosure, use, alteration or disruption. It helps ensure that sensitive organizational data is available to authorized users, remains confidential and maintains its integrity.</p> </div></div> <div class="rich-text text"><div class="cms-richtext " id="rich-text-8f25e42dbd" data-dynamic-inner-content="description"> <p>We need to protect information assets, which might include financial, confidential, personal or sensitive data. These assets can take the form of digital files and data, paper documents, physical media and even human speech. Throughout the data lifecycle, InfoSec oversees functions such as infrastructure, software, testing, auditing and archiving.<br /> <br /> Grounded in decades-old principles, information security continually evolves to protect increasingly hybrid and multicloud environments in an ever-changing threat landscape. Given the evolving nature of these threats, multiple teams need to work together to update both the technology and processes used in this defense.<br /> <br /> Digital information security, also called <a href="https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/data-security" target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer">data security</a>, receives the most attention from information security professionals today and is the focus of this article.</p> </div></div> <div class="standalone-title enhanced-title text"> <h3 class="expressive-heading-04 ">Types of security</h3> </div> <div class="rich-text text"><div class="cms-richtext " id="rich-text-62e33d72af" data-dynamic-inner-content="description"> <p>The terms <strong>information security</strong>, <strong>IT security</strong>, <strong>cybersecurity</strong> and<em> </em><strong>data security</strong> are often (and mistakenly) used interchangeably. While these fields overlap and inform one another, they differ primarily in scope.</p> <ul><li><p><strong>Information security</strong> is an umbrella term that covers an organization's efforts to protect information. It includes physical IT asset security, endpoint security, data <a href="https://www.ibm.com/topics/encryption" target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer">encryption</a>, <a href="https://www.ibm.com/topics/network-security" target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer">network security</a> and more.</p> </li></ul> <ul><li><p><a href="https://www.ibm.com/topics/it-security" target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer"><strong>IT security</strong></a> is also concerned with protecting physical and digital IT assets and data centers but does not include protection for the storage of paper files and other media. It focuses on the technology assets rather than the information itself.</p> </li></ul> <ul><li><p><a href="https://www.ibm.com/topics/cybersecurity" target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer"><strong>Cybersecurity</strong></a> focuses on securing digital information systems. The goal is to help protect digital data and assets from cyberthreats. While an enormous undertaking, cybersecurity has a narrow scope, as it is not concerned with protecting paper or analog data.</p> </li></ul> <ul><li><p><a href="https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/data-security" target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer"><strong>Data security</strong></a> is the practice of protecting digital information from unauthorized access, corruption or theft throughout its entire lifecycle. It includes the physical security of hardware and storage devices, along with administrative and access controls. It also covers the logical security of software applications and organizational policies and procedures.</p> </li></ul> </div></div> <div class="experiencefragment"> <div id="experiencefragment-ff5b6e6839" class="cmp-experiencefragment cmp-experiencefragment--blueprint---think-ad---xf---do-not-modify"> <div class="xf-content-height"> <div class="root container responsivegrid"> <div id="container-7baab9eb21" class="cmp-container"> <div class="think-ad"><div class="cds--think-ad theme-white think-ad-theme--blue-cyan-gradient"> <div class="cds--think-ad__container" data-attribute1="think-ad"> <div class="cds--think-ad__media"> <div class="cds--image "> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 1312px) and (min-resolution: 192dpi)" 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src="/content/dam/connectedassets-adobe-cms/worldwide-content/pm/ul/g/cb/1c/23_11_p-028_1200x1200.component.think-ad-xl.ts=1734532003827.jpeg/content/experience-fragments/adobe-cms/us/en/site-v2/think-hub/article/_8_column_general_ad/blueprint---think-ad---xf---do-not-modify/cybersecurity-thinkad-article-newsletter/_jcr_content/root/think_ad_copy/image" alt="Man looking at computer" loading="lazy"/> </picture> </div> </div> <div class="cds--think-ad__content"> <h3 class="cds--think-ad__heading expressive-heading-03"> Strengthen your security intelligence   </h3> <p class="cds--think-ad__copy body-short-01"> Stay ahead of threats with news and insights on security, AI and more, weekly in the Think Newsletter.   </p> <div class="cds--think-ad__buttons"> <div class="cds--buttongroup"> <a href="https://www.ibm.com/account/reg/signup?formid=news-urx-52954" target="_blank" kind="primary" class="cds--btn cds--btn--primary" data-link-type="local" cta-type="local"> <span data-link-text>Subscribe today</span>  <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="cds--card__cta c4d-ce--cta__icon" width="20" height="20" focusable="false" fill="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 20 20" aria-hidden="true"> <path d="M11.8 2.8L10.8 3.8 16.2 9.3 1 9.3 1 10.7 16.2 10.7 10.8 16.2 11.8 17.2 19 10z"></path> </svg>  </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script defer src="/etc.clientlibs/adobe-cms/clientlibs/clientlib-caem-star-rating.lc-5b3b3916bf2ff9827060f96b08c2bba1-lc.min.js"></script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="standalone-title enhanced-title text"> <h2 class="expressive-heading-05 "> Why InfoSec is important </h2> <a data-title="Why InfoSec is important" name="Why+InfoSec+is+important"></a> </div> <div class="rich-text text"><div class="cms-richtext " id="rich-text-eababda62d" data-dynamic-inner-content="description"> <p>Data powers much of the world economy, and cybercriminals recognize its value. <a href="https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/cyber-attack" target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer">Cyberattacks</a> that aim to steal sensitive information—or in the case of <a href="https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/ransomware" target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer">ransomware</a>, hold data hostage—have become more common, damaging and costly. InfoSec practices and principles can help secure data in the face of these threats.</p> <p>According to IBM’s <a href="https://www.ibm.com/reports/data-breach" target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer"><em>Cost of a Data Breach Report</em></a>, the average total cost of a data breach reached a new high of USD 4.45 million in 2023. That figure is up 15.3% from USD 3.86 million in the 2020 report.<br /> <br /> A data breach costs its victim in multiple ways. The unexpected downtime leads to lost business. A company often loses customers and suffers significant and sometimes irreparable damage to its reputation when customers' sensitive information is exposed. Stolen intellectual property can hurt a company's profitability and erode its competitive edge.<br /> <br /> A data breach victim might also face regulatory fines or legal penalties. Government regulations, such as the <a href="https://www.ibm.com/cloud/compliance/gdpr-eu" target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer">General Data Protection Regulation</a> (GDPR), and industry regulations, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), require companies to protect their customers' sensitive information. Failure to do so can result in hefty fines.<br /> </p> <p>Companies are investing more than ever in information security technology and talent. According to the Cost of a Data Breach Report, 51% of organizations plan to increase security investments after a breach.</p> <p>The top areas identified for extra investments included incident response (IR) planning and testing, employee training and threat detection and response technologies. Organizations that made extensive <a href="https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/ai-security" target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer">security AI</a> and automation investments reported USD 1.76 million lower data breach costs compared to organizations that had not used security AI and automation capabilities.</p> <p>Chief information security officers (CISOs) who oversee information security efforts have become a fixture of corporate C-suites.</p> <p>Demand is rising for information security analysts holding advanced information security certifications, such as the Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) certification from ISC2. The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects employment for information security analysts will grow 32% by 2032.<sup>1</sup></p> </div></div> <div class="experiencefragment"> <div id="experiencefragment-7bf68bc80f" class="cmp-experiencefragment cmp-experiencefragment--blueprint---media-player-ad-video---xf---do-not-edit"> <div class="xf-content-height"> <div class="root container responsivegrid"> <div id="container-fc224170e6" class="cmp-container"> <div class="media-player-ad-video"> <div class="media-player-ad-video__container theme-media-player-ad--image-bkg-light" data-theme="image-bkg-light" data-autoid=""> <div class="media-player-ad-video__content"> <div class="media-player-ad-video__top"> <div class="media-player-ad-video__eyebrow"> Mixture of Experts | 14 February, episode 42 </div> </div> <div class="media-player-ad-video__video"> <c4d-video-player-container video-id="1_5t0nxa01" aspect-ratio="16x9" playing-mode="inline" hide-caption> <script src="/etc.clientlibs/adobe-cms/components/content/atoms/video/clientlibs.lc-8675c49600f564093b2ef6979ea3ce64-lc.min.js"></script> <script defer src="/etc.clientlibs/adobe-cms/clientlibs/clientlib-video-player.lc-e330a027c5ad5af45d6b2121772be896-lc.min.js"></script> <script defer src="/etc.clientlibs/adobe-cms/clientlibs/clientlib-video-player-container.lc-55363444860a24db3d70e267bce0f5c1-lc.min.js"></script> </c4d-video-player-container> <div id="c4d-analytics-data" data-title-c4d="Information Security" data-last-modified-c4d="Fri Dec 27 15:10:59 UTC 2024" data-last-published-c4d="Fri Dec 27 15:10:59 UTC 2024" data-template-c4d="/conf/adobe-cms-editable/settings/wcm/templates/article" data-playing-mode-c4d="inline"> </div> </div> <h3 class="expressive-heading-03 media-player-ad-video__heading"> Decoding AI: Weekly News Roundup </h3> <div class="media-player-ad-video__text"> <span class=" normal cms-richtext"> <p>Join our world-class panel of engineers, researchers, product leaders and more as they cut through the AI noise to bring you the latest in AI news and insights.</p> </span> </div> <div class="media-player-ad-video__link"> <c4d-link-with-icon cta-type="local" href="https://www.ibm.com/think/podcasts/mixture-of-experts" icon-placement="right" target="_blank" data-link-type="local" data-dynamic-properties="{"ctaUrl":"href"}" data-video-modal-type="media-center"> <span class="cds--link-text" data-link-text data-dynamic-inner-content="ctaLabel">Watch the latest podcast episodes</span>  <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" slot="icon" width="20" height="20" focusable="false" fill="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 20 20" aria-hidden="true"> <path d="M11.8 2.8L10.8 3.8 16.2 9.3 1 9.3 1 10.7 16.2 10.7 10.8 16.2 11.8 17.2 19 10z"></path> </svg>  </c4d-link-with-icon> </div> </div> <div class="media-player-ad-video__wrapper"> <div class="media-player-ad-video__wrapper__background"></div> <div class="media-player-ad-video__wrapper__overlay"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="standalone-title enhanced-title text"> <h2 class="expressive-heading-05 "> Principles of InfoSec </h2> <a data-title="Principles of InfoSec" name="Principles+of+InfoSec"></a> </div> <div class="rich-text text"><div class="cms-richtext " id="rich-text-53af45a941" data-dynamic-inner-content="description"> <p>Information security practices are grounded in a set of decades-old, ever-evolving principles:</p> <ul><li><strong>The CIA triad</strong></li><li><strong>Information assurance</strong></li><li><strong>Nonrepudiation</strong></li></ul> </div></div> <div class="standalone-title enhanced-title text"> <h3 class="expressive-heading-04 ">The CIA triad</h3> </div> <div class="rich-text text"><div class="cms-richtext " id="rich-text-0734c7ae5a" data-dynamic-inner-content="description"> <p>First suggested by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 1977, the CIA triad is intended to guide organizations in choosing technologies, policies and practices to protect their information systems. The elements of the CIA triad include:</p> <ul><li><strong>Confidentiality</strong></li><li><strong>Integrity</strong></li><li><strong>Availability</strong></li></ul> <p><strong>Confidentiality</strong> means ensuring that parties cannot access data they're not authorized to access.</p> <p>Confidentiality defines a continuum of users, from privileged insiders with access to much of the company's data to outsiders authorized to view only information the public is permitted to view.</p> <p>Personal information should remain private. Sensitive data is sensitive. If an unauthorized person obtains a password to protected data, it would be a confidentiality breach.</p> <p><strong>Integrity</strong> means ensuring that all information contained within company databases is complete and accurate.</p> <p>Integrity efforts aim to stop people from tampering with data, such as by unauthorized additions, alterations or deletions. Data integrity applies to preventing both adversaries who intentionally alter data and well-intentioned users who alter data in unauthorized ways.</p> <p><strong>Availability</strong> means ensuring that users can access the information they're authorized to access when they need it.</p> <p>Availability dictates that information security measures and policies should not interfere with authorized data access. Much of availability is straightforward, such as working to ensure the robustness of hardware and software to prevent an organization’s sites going down.</p> </div></div> <div class="standalone-title enhanced-title text"> <h3 class="expressive-heading-04 ">Information assurance</h3> </div> <div class="rich-text text"><div class="cms-richtext " id="rich-text-7d83de8a69" data-dynamic-inner-content="description"> <p>The ongoing process of achieving confidentiality, integrity and availability of data within an information system is known as “information assurance.”</p> </div></div> <div class="standalone-title enhanced-title text"> <h3 class="expressive-heading-04 ">Nonrepudiation</h3> </div> <div class="rich-text text"><div class="cms-richtext " id="rich-text-ee56cfd6e5" data-dynamic-inner-content="description"> <p>Nonrepudiation means that a user cannot deny (that is, <em>repudiate</em>) having made a transaction—such as altering data or sending a message—because the user needed to pass <a href="https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/authentication" target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer">authentication</a> to perform the transaction in the first place.</p> <p>While not technically part of the CIA triad, nonrepudiation does combine aspects of information confidentiality and integrity. Nonrepudiation involves ensuring that only authorized users work with data, and that they can only use or modify data in authorized ways.</p> </div></div> <div class="standalone-title enhanced-title text"> <h2 class="expressive-heading-05 "> Information security programs </h2> <a data-title="Information security programs" name="Information+security+programs"></a> </div> <div class="rich-text text"><div class="cms-richtext " id="rich-text-755188111f" data-dynamic-inner-content="description"> <p>Information security professionals apply the principles of InfoSec to information systems by creating information security programs. These programs are collections of information security policies, protections and plans intended to enact information assurance.</p> <p>Core components of an information security program might include:</p> <ul><li><strong>Risk assessment</strong></li><li><strong>Identifying vulnerabilities</strong></li><li><strong>Identifying threats</strong></li><li><strong>Incident response planning</strong></li></ul> </div></div> <div class="standalone-title enhanced-title text"> <h3 class="expressive-heading-04 ">Risk assessment</h3> </div> <div class="rich-text text"><div class="cms-richtext " id="rich-text-1b694964d7" data-dynamic-inner-content="description"> <p>An information security <a href="https://www.ibm.com/topics/risk-management" target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer">risk assessment</a> audits every aspect of a company’s information system. The assessment helps information security professionals understand the exact risks that they face and choose the most appropriate <a href="https://www.ibm.com/topics/security-controls" target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer">security measure</a>s and technologies to mitigate the risks.<a href="https://www.ibm.com/topics/risk-management" target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer"></a><a href="https://www.ibm.com/topics/risk-management" target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer"></a></p> </div></div> <div class="standalone-title enhanced-title text"> <h3 class="expressive-heading-04 ">Identifying vulnerabilities</h3> </div> <div class="rich-text text"><div class="cms-richtext " id="rich-text-fff5a6cf6f" data-dynamic-inner-content="description"> <p>A vulnerability is any weakness in the information technology (IT) infrastructure that adversaries might exploit to gain unauthorized access to data. For example, hackers can take advantage of bugs in a computer program to introduce malware or malicious code into an otherwise legitimate app or service.<br /> <br /> Human users can also constitute vulnerabilities in an information system. For example, cybercriminals might manipulate users into sharing sensitive information through social engineering attacks such as phishing.<br /> </p> </div></div> <div class="standalone-title enhanced-title text"> <h3 class="expressive-heading-04 ">Identifying threats</h3> </div> <div class="rich-text text"><div class="cms-richtext " id="rich-text-1c3714b78a" data-dynamic-inner-content="description"> <p>A threat is anything that can compromise the confidentiality, integrity or availability of an information system. <br /> <br /> A cyberthreat is a threat that exploits a digital vulnerability. For example, a denial of service (DoS) attack is a cyberthreat in which cybercriminals overwhelm part of a company's information system with traffic, causing it to crash. <br /> <br /> Threats can also be physical. Natural disasters, physical or armed assaults and even systemic hardware failures are considered threats to a company's information system.</p> </div></div> <div class="standalone-title enhanced-title text"> <h3 class="expressive-heading-04 ">Incident response planning</h3> </div> <div class="rich-text text"><div class="cms-richtext " id="rich-text-32a68b4d07" data-dynamic-inner-content="description"> <p style=" text-align: left; ">An <a href="https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/incident-response" target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer">incident response plan</a> (IRP) typically guides an organization's efforts in responding to incidents.</p> <p style=" text-align: left; ">Computer security incident response teams (CSIRT) often create and execute IRPs with the participation of stakeholders from across the organization. Members of the CSIRT might include the chief information security officer (CISO), <a href="https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/chief-ai-officer" target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer">chief AI officer (CAIO)</a>, security operations center (SOC), IT staff and representatives from legal, <a href="https://www.ibm.com/topics/cyber-risk-management" target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer">risk management</a> and other nontechnical disciplines.</p> <p>IRPs detail the mitigation steps that an organization takes when a significant threat is detected. While IRPs vary based on the organizations that craft them and the threats they target, common steps include:</p> <ul><li>Assemble the security team, virtually or in person.<br /> <br /> </li><li>Verify the source of the threat.<br /> <br /> </li><li>Act to contain the threat and halt it as soon as possible.<br /> <br /> </li><li>Determine what, if any, damage has occurred.<br /> <br /> </li><li>Notify interested parties within the organization, stakeholders and strategic partners.</li></ul> </div></div> <div class="standalone-title enhanced-title text"> <h2 class="expressive-heading-05 "> InfoSec tools and techniques </h2> <a data-title="InfoSec tools and techniques" name="InfoSec+tools+and+techniques"></a> </div> <div class="rich-text text"><div class="cms-richtext " id="rich-text-98f84f0a22" data-dynamic-inner-content="description"> <p>Information security programs use several different tools and techniques to address specific threats. Common InfoSec tools and techniques include:</p> <ul><li><strong>Cryptography</strong></li><li><strong>Data loss prevention (DLP)</strong></li><li><strong>Endpoint detection and response (EDR)</strong></li><li><strong>Firewalls</strong></li><li><strong>Intrusion detection (IDS) and intrusion prevention (IPS) systems</strong></li><li><strong>Information security management systems (ISMS)</strong></li><li><strong>Security information and event management (SIEM)</strong></li><li><strong>Security operations centers (SOC)</strong></li><li><strong>Strong authentication measures</strong></li><li><strong>Threat intelligence<br /> </strong></li><li><strong>User and entity behavior analytics (UEBA)</strong></li></ul> </div></div> <div class="standalone-title enhanced-title text"> <h3 class="expressive-heading-04 ">Cryptography</h3> </div> <div class="rich-text text"><div class="cms-richtext " id="rich-text-c95e16a9ed" data-dynamic-inner-content="description"> <p><a href="https://www.ibm.com/topics/cryptography">Cryptography</a> uses algorithms to obscure information so that only people with the permission and ability to decrypt it can read it.</p> </div></div> <div class="standalone-title enhanced-title text"> <h3 class="expressive-heading-04 ">Data loss prevention (DLP)</h3> </div> <div class="rich-text text"><div class="cms-richtext " id="rich-text-8958080fa0" data-dynamic-inner-content="description"> <p><a href="https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/data-loss-prevention">DLP</a> strategies and tools track data use and movement throughout a network and enforce granular security policies to help prevent data leaks and losses.</p> </div></div> <div class="standalone-title enhanced-title text"> <h3 class="expressive-heading-04 ">Endpoint detection and response (EDR)</h3> </div> <div class="rich-text text"><div class="cms-richtext " id="rich-text-a75006bc06" data-dynamic-inner-content="description"> <p><a href="https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/edr" target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer">EDR</a> solutions continuously monitor files and applications on each device, hunting for suspicious or malicious activity that indicates malware, ransomware or advanced threats.</p> </div></div> <div class="standalone-title enhanced-title text"> <h3 class="expressive-heading-04 ">Firewalls</h3> </div> <div class="rich-text text"><div class="cms-richtext " id="rich-text-788eb87089" data-dynamic-inner-content="description"> <p>A <a href="https://www.ibm.com/topics/network-security" style=" background-color: rgb(255,255,255); ">firewall</a> is software or hardware that stops suspicious traffic from entering or leaving a network while allowing legitimate traffic through. Firewalls can be deployed at the edges of a network or used internally to divide a larger network into smaller subnetworks. If one part of the network is compromised, hackers are blocked from accessing the rest.<br /> </p> </div></div> <div class="standalone-title enhanced-title text"> <h3 class="expressive-heading-04 ">Intrusion detection (IDS) and intrusion prevention (IPS) systems</h3> </div> <div class="rich-text text"><div class="cms-richtext " id="rich-text-dfed7edd80" data-dynamic-inner-content="description"> <p>An <a href="https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/intrusion-detection-system">IDS</a> is a network security tool that monitors incoming network traffic and devices for suspicious activity or security policy violations. An <a href="https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/intrusion-prevention-system">IPS</a> monitors network traffic for potential threats and automatically blocks them. Many organizations use a combined system called an <strong>intrusion detection and prevention system</strong> (IDPS).<br /> </p> </div></div> <div class="standalone-title enhanced-title text"> <h3 class="expressive-heading-04 ">Information security management system (ISMS)</h3> </div> <div class="rich-text text"><div class="cms-richtext " id="rich-text-493b1c0736" data-dynamic-inner-content="description"> <p>An ISMS includes guidelines and processes that help organizations protect their sensitive data and respond to a data breach. Having guidelines in place also helps with continuity if there is major staff turnover. <a href="https://www.ibm.com/cloud/compliance/iso-27001" target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer">ISO/IEC 27001</a> is a widely-used ISMS.</p> </div></div> <div class="standalone-title enhanced-title text"> <h3 class="expressive-heading-04 ">Security information and event management (SIEM)</h3> </div> <div class="rich-text text"><div class="cms-richtext " id="rich-text-90a40d8d0f" data-dynamic-inner-content="description"> <p><a href="https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/siem" target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer">SIEM</a> systems help detect user behavior anomalies and use <a href="https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/artificial-intelligence" target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer">artificial intelligence</a> (AI) to automate many of the manual processes associated with threat detection and incident response.</p> </div></div> <div class="standalone-title enhanced-title text"> <h3 class="expressive-heading-04 ">Security operations center (SOC)</h3> </div> <div class="rich-text text"><div class="cms-richtext " id="rich-text-592085fc92" data-dynamic-inner-content="description"> <p>A <a href="https://www.ibm.com/topics/security-operations-center" target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer">SOC</a> unifies and coordinates all cybersecurity technologies and operations under a team of IT security professionals dedicated to monitoring IT infrastructure security around the clock.</p> </div></div> <div class="standalone-title enhanced-title text"> <h3 class="expressive-heading-04 ">Strong authentication measures</h3> </div> <div class="rich-text text"><div class="cms-richtext " id="rich-text-59066ed8e8" data-dynamic-inner-content="description"> <p><a href="https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/2fa" target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer">Two-factor authentication (2FA)</a> and <a href="https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/multi-factor-authentication" target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer">multifactor authentication (MFA)</a> are identity verification methods in which users must supply multiple pieces of evidence to prove their identities and gain access to sensitive resources.</p> </div></div> <div class="standalone-title enhanced-title text"> <h3 class="expressive-heading-04 ">Threat intelligence</h3> </div> <div class="rich-text text"><div class="cms-richtext " id="rich-text-b7abd773db" data-dynamic-inner-content="description"> <p><a href="https://www.ibm.com/topics/threat-intelligence" target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer">Threat intelligence</a> helps security teams be more proactive, enabling them to take effective, data-driven actions to prevent cyberattacks before they occur.</p> </div></div> <div class="standalone-title enhanced-title text"> <h3 class="expressive-heading-04 ">User and entity behavior analytics (UEBA)</h3> </div> <div class="rich-text text"><div class="cms-richtext " id="rich-text-b3e8fcc46d" data-dynamic-inner-content="description"> <p><a href="https://www.ibm.com/topics/ueba" target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer">UEBA</a> is a type of security software that uses behavioral analytics and <a href="https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/machine-learning-algorithms" target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer">machine learning algorithms</a> to identify abnormal and potentially dangerous user and device behavior.</p> </div></div> <div class="standalone-title enhanced-title text"> <h2 class="expressive-heading-05 "> Information security threats </h2> <a data-title="Information security threats" name="Information+security+threats"></a> </div> <div class="rich-text text"><div class="cms-richtext " id="rich-text-785345df8a" data-dynamic-inner-content="description"> <p>Organizations face a long list of potential threats to information security.</p> <ul><li><strong>Cyberattacks</strong></li><li><strong>Employee error</strong></li><li><strong>Ineffective endpoint security</strong></li><li><strong>Insider threats</strong></li><li><strong>Misconfigurations</strong></li><li><strong>Social engineering</strong></li></ul> </div></div> <div class="standalone-title enhanced-title text"> <h3 class="expressive-heading-04 ">Cyberattacks</h3> </div> <div class="rich-text text"><div class="cms-richtext " id="rich-text-63551c0029" data-dynamic-inner-content="description"> <p>These attacks can attempt to compromise an organization’s data from any number of directions, including <a href="https://www.ibm.com/topics/cyber-hacking" target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer">advanced persistent threat (APT)</a> attacks, botnets (robot networks), <a href="https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/ddos" target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer">distributed denial-of-service (DDoS)</a>, “drive-by” download attacks (which download malicious code automatically), <a href="https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/malware" target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer">malware</a>, <a href="https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/phishing" target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer">phishing</a>, ransomware, viruses and worms.</p> </div></div> <div class="standalone-title enhanced-title text"> <h3 class="expressive-heading-04 ">Employee error</h3> </div> <div class="rich-text text"><div class="cms-richtext " id="rich-text-abdda05516" data-dynamic-inner-content="description"> <p>People can lose mobile equipment loaded with sensitive information, visit dangerous websites on company equipment or use easy-to-crack passwords.</p> </div></div> <div class="standalone-title enhanced-title text"> <h3 class="expressive-heading-04 ">Ineffective endpoint security</h3> </div> <div class="rich-text text"><div class="cms-richtext " id="rich-text-ccbfe88470" data-dynamic-inner-content="description"> <p>Any laptop, mobile device or PC can be an entrypoint into an organization’s IT system in the absence of adequate antivirus or <a href="https://www.ibm.com/topics/endpoint-security" target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer">endpoint security</a> solutions.</p> </div></div> <div class="standalone-title enhanced-title text"> <h3 class="expressive-heading-04 ">Insider threats</h3> </div> <div class="rich-text text"><div class="cms-richtext " id="rich-text-a31cc05590" data-dynamic-inner-content="description"> <p>There are two types of <a href="https://www.ibm.com/topics/insider-threats" target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer">insider threats</a>.</p> <ul><li>Malicious insiders are employees, partners or other authorized users who intentionally compromise an organization’s information for personal gain or for spite.<br /> <br /> </li><li>Negligent insiders are authorized users who unintentionally compromise security by not following security best practices.<br /> </li></ul> <p>According to the <a href="https://www.ibm.com/reports/threat-intelligence" target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer"><em>X-Force Threat Intelligence Index </em></a><span style=" font-size: 16.0px; ">report, 32% of security incidents involve malicious use of legitimate tools. The incidents include credential theft, reconnaissance, remote access and data exfiltration.</span></p> </div></div> <div class="standalone-title enhanced-title text"> <h3 class="expressive-heading-04 ">Misconfigurations</h3> </div> <div class="rich-text text"><div class="cms-richtext " id="rich-text-73b88a84b9" data-dynamic-inner-content="description"> <p>Organizations rely on various IT platforms and tools, including cloud-based <a href="https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/data-storage" target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer">data storage</a> options, <a href="https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/iaas" target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer">infrastructure as a service (IaaS)</a>, <a href="https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/saas-integration" target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer">software as a service (SaaS)</a> integrations and web applications from various providers. Improper configurations of any of these assets can pose security risks.</p> <p>Also, provider or internal changes can lead to “configuration drift,” where valid settings go out-of-date.<br /> <br /> The <em>X-Force Threat Intelligence Index</em> reported that during <a href="https://www.ibm.com/topics/penetration-testing" target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer">penetration testing</a> engagements, the most observed web application risk across client environments was security misconfiguration, accounting for 30% of the total.</p> </div></div> <div class="standalone-title enhanced-title text"> <h3 class="expressive-heading-04 ">Social engineering</h3> </div> <div class="rich-text text"><div class="cms-richtext " id="rich-text-553f919cda" data-dynamic-inner-content="description"> <p><a href="https://www.ibm.com/topics/social-engineering" target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer">Social engineering</a> attacks trick employees into divulging sensitive information or passwords that open the door to malicious acts.<br /> </p> <p>It can also happen that while trying to promote an organization through social media, employees might mistakenly divulge too much personal or business information that can be used by attackers.</p> </div></div> <div class="standalone-title enhanced-title text"> <h2 class="expressive-heading-05 "> The benefits of InfoSec </h2> <a data-title="The benefits of InfoSec" name="The+benefits+of+InfoSec"></a> </div> <div class="rich-text text"><div class="cms-richtext " id="rich-text-befe1ac3f0" data-dynamic-inner-content="description"> <p>The benefits of a strong InfoSec program can assist teams across entire organizations:</p> <ul><li>Business continuity</li><li>Compliance</li><li>Cost savings</li><li>Greater efficiency</li><li>Reputation protection</li><li>Risk reduction</li></ul> </div></div> <div class="pictogram-item"> <c4d-content-item horizontal> <svg fill="currentColor" slot="media" class="global--business--services cds--pictogram-item__pictogram" 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h2.288v-5.28h-4.564c-0.007,0.027-0.015,0.055-0.022,0.083c0.055,0.055,0.109,0.111,0.162,0.167c0.01,0.008,0.02,0.017,0.029,0.026 c0.015,0.016,0.029,0.032,0.041,0.049C15.497,12.003,16.266,13.734,16.352,15.64z M24.481,9.64h4.264 c-1.633-2.493-4.195-4.325-7.191-4.998C22.787,5.667,23.809,7.42,24.481,9.64z M19.36,9.64h4.361 c-0.946-2.982-2.538-5.019-4.361-5.257V9.64z M14.289,9.64h4.351V4.385C16.896,4.626,15.264,6.607,14.289,9.64z M13.114,9.64h0.42 c0.693-2.269,1.726-4,2.941-5.007c-2.405,0.529-4.583,1.811-6.235,3.701C11.293,8.573,12.267,9.024,13.114,9.64z"/></svg> </div> <c4d-content-item-heading> Business continuity </c4d-content-item-heading> <c4d-content-item-paragraph> <div class="cms-richtext " id="rich-text-d2b5cdde56" data-dynamic-inner-content="description"> <p>Critical business information can be more effectively protected and stored to be available for a restart after a security incident.</p> </div> </c4d-content-item-paragraph> </c4d-content-item> </div> <div class="pictogram-item"> <c4d-content-item horizontal> <svg fill="currentColor" slot="media" class="college cds--pictogram-item__pictogram" data-autoid="c4d--pictogram-item__pictogram" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 80 80" height="80" width="80" role="img"> <use href="#college" height="80" width="80"></use> <defs> <linearGradient id="pictogram-color-gradient-180-blue-to-purple" gradientTransform="rotate(90)"> <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#0f62fe"/> <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#8a3ffc"/> </linearGradient> <linearGradient id="pictogram-color-gradient-180-blue-dark-to-light" gradientTransform="rotate(90)"> <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#0f62fe"/> <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#78a9ff"/> </linearGradient> <linearGradient id="pictogram-color-gradient-180-blue-to-teal" gradientTransform="rotate(90)"> <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#0f62fe"/> <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#08bdba"/> </linearGradient> <linearGradient id="pictogram-color-gradient-180-blue-to-magenta" gradientTransform="rotate(90)"> <stop 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Information security helps ensure compliance and reduce legal liability or the possibility of fines.</p> </div> </c4d-content-item-paragraph> </c4d-content-item> </div> <div class="pictogram-item"> <c4d-content-item horizontal> <svg fill="currentColor" slot="media" class="global--currency cds--pictogram-item__pictogram" data-autoid="c4d--pictogram-item__pictogram" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 80 80" height="80" width="80" role="img"> <use href="#global--currency" height="80" width="80"></use> <defs> <linearGradient id="pictogram-color-gradient-180-blue-to-purple" gradientTransform="rotate(90)"> <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#0f62fe"/> <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#8a3ffc"/> </linearGradient> <linearGradient id="pictogram-color-gradient-180-blue-dark-to-light" gradientTransform="rotate(90)"> <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#0f62fe"/> <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#78a9ff"/> </linearGradient> <linearGradient id="pictogram-color-gradient-180-blue-to-teal" 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data-dynamic-inner-content="description"> <p>An enterprise-grade security system enables organizations to have appropriate measures for different levels of data, with the chance to avoid overspending on security for less sensitive data.</p> </div> </c4d-content-item-paragraph> </c4d-content-item> </div> <div class="pictogram-item"> <c4d-content-item horizontal> <svg fill="currentColor" slot="media" class="refresh cds--pictogram-item__pictogram" data-autoid="c4d--pictogram-item__pictogram" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 80 80" height="80" width="80" role="img"> <use href="#refresh" height="80" width="80"></use> <defs> <linearGradient id="pictogram-color-gradient-180-blue-to-purple" gradientTransform="rotate(90)"> <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#0f62fe"/> <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#8a3ffc"/> </linearGradient> <linearGradient id="pictogram-color-gradient-180-blue-dark-to-light" gradientTransform="rotate(90)"> <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#0f62fe"/> <stop offset="100%" 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</c4d-content-item-heading> <c4d-content-item-paragraph> <div class="cms-richtext " id="rich-text-1f5596622e" data-dynamic-inner-content="description"> <p>Employees are better able to handle information appropriately when the data is more clearly labeled for sensitivity and when safer processes are in place.</p> </div> </c4d-content-item-paragraph> </c4d-content-item> </div> <div class="pictogram-item"> <c4d-content-item horizontal> <svg fill="currentColor" slot="media" class="build--leadership--and--culture cds--pictogram-item__pictogram" data-autoid="c4d--pictogram-item__pictogram" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 80 80" height="80" width="80" role="img"> <use href="#build--leadership--and--culture" height="80" width="80"></use> <defs> <linearGradient id="pictogram-color-gradient-180-blue-to-purple" gradientTransform="rotate(90)"> <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#0f62fe"/> <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#8a3ffc"/> </linearGradient> <linearGradient 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There might be an immediate cost of security incidents, but also a loss of public trust.</p> </div> </c4d-content-item-paragraph> </c4d-content-item> </div> <div class="pictogram-item"> <c4d-content-item horizontal> <svg fill="currentColor" slot="media" class="get--ahead--of--risk--and--compliance cds--pictogram-item__pictogram" data-autoid="c4d--pictogram-item__pictogram" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 80 80" height="80" width="80" role="img"> <use href="#get--ahead--of--risk--and--compliance" height="80" width="80"></use> <defs> <linearGradient id="pictogram-color-gradient-180-blue-to-purple" gradientTransform="rotate(90)"> <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#0f62fe"/> <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#8a3ffc"/> </linearGradient> <linearGradient id="pictogram-color-gradient-180-blue-dark-to-light" gradientTransform="rotate(90)"> <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#0f62fe"/> <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#78a9ff"/> </linearGradient> <linearGradient id="pictogram-color-gradient-180-blue-to-teal" gradientTransform="rotate(90)"> <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#0f62fe"/> <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#08bdba"/> </linearGradient> <linearGradient id="pictogram-color-gradient-180-blue-to-magenta" gradientTransform="rotate(90)"> <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#0f62fe"/> <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#ff7eb6"/> </linearGradient> <linearGradient id="pictogram-color-gradient-180-red-to-purple" gradientTransform="rotate(90)"> <stop offset="0%" stop-color="#fa4d56"/> <stop offset="100%" stop-color="#a56eff"/> </linearGradient> <linearGradient id="pictogram-color-blue-80"> <stop stop-color="#002d9c"/> </linearGradient> <linearGradient id="pictogram-color-blue-80"> <stop stop-color="#002d9c"/> </linearGradient> <linearGradient id="pictogram-color-blue-60"> <stop stop-color="#0f62fe"/> </linearGradient> <linearGradient id="pictogram-color-cyan-50"> <stop stop-color="#1192E8"/> </linearGradient> <linearGradient id="pictogram-color-purple-60"> <stop stop-color="#8A3FFC"/> </linearGradient> <linearGradient id="pictogram-color-green-50"> <stop stop-color="#24a148"/> </linearGradient> <linearGradient id="pictogram-color-teal-50"> <stop stop-color="#009d9a"/> </linearGradient> <linearGradient id="pictogram-color-magenta-50"> <stop stop-color="#EE5396"/> </linearGradient> <linearGradient id="pictogram-color-red-60"> <stop stop-color="#DA1E28"/> </linearGradient> </defs> </svg> <div class="pictogram-svg-source"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" id="get--ahead--of--risk--and--compliance" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M25,31.36H7v-0.72h5.657c0.157-1.615,1.367-2.825,2.983-2.982V12.333 c-1.131-0.174-2-1.154-2-2.333s0.869-2.159,2-2.333V4.334L6.876,6.838c2.012,0.595,3.484,2.46,3.484,4.662 c0,2.68-2.18,4.86-4.86,4.86s-4.86-2.18-4.86-4.86c0-2.479,1.866-4.531,4.267-4.824L4.901,6.654l20.999-6 c0.149-0.042,0.321,0.021,0.406,0.155l5,8c0.069,0.111,0.072,0.251,0.009,0.365C31.251,9.289,31.131,9.36,31,9.36H21 c-0.131,0-0.251-0.071-0.314-0.186c-0.063-0.114-0.061-0.254,0.009-0.365l4.504-7.206L16.36,4.129v3.539 c1.131,0.174,2,1.154,2,2.333s-0.869,2.159-2,2.333v15.325c1.616,0.157,2.826,1.367,2.983,2.982H25V31.36z M13.382,30.64h5.236 c-0.166-1.323-1.235-2.28-2.618-2.28C14.618,28.36,13.547,29.317,13.382,30.64z M5.5,7.36c-2.283,0-4.14,1.857-4.14,4.14 s1.857,4.14,4.14,4.14s4.14-1.857,4.14-4.14S7.783,7.36,5.5,7.36z M16,8.36c-0.904,0-1.64,0.736-1.64,1.64s0.736,1.64,1.64,1.64 c0.904,0,1.64-0.736,1.64-1.64S16.904,8.36,16,8.36z M21.649,8.64h8.701L26,1.679L21.649,8.64z"/></svg> </div> <c4d-content-item-heading> Risk reduction </c4d-content-item-heading> <c4d-content-item-paragraph> <div class="cms-richtext " id="rich-text-71ddbf3916" data-dynamic-inner-content="description"> <p>With incident response plans and a system in place, information security measures can help prevent security incidents and cyberattacks such as data breaches and denial of service (DoS) threats.</p> <p>Authentication measures can be enforced to help protect sensitive personal and organizational data, including finances and trade secrets. Disaster recovery plans can be at the ready for faster recovery from security incidents.</p> </div> </c4d-content-item-paragraph> </c4d-content-item> </div> <div class="standalone-title enhanced-title text"> <h2 class="expressive-heading-05 "> Challenges of InfoSec </h2> <a data-title="Challenges of InfoSec" name="Challenges+of+InfoSec"></a> </div> <div class="rich-text text"><div class="cms-richtext " id="rich-text-58a4bf3198" data-dynamic-inner-content="description"> <p>In addition to direct information security threats, organizations face multiple challenges when building and managing a robust InfoSec strategy and system.</p> <ul><li><strong>Complacency</strong></li><li><strong>Complexity</strong></li><li><strong>Global connections</strong></li><li><strong>Inflexibility</strong></li><li><strong>Third-party integration</strong></li></ul> </div></div> <div class="standalone-title enhanced-title text"> <h3 class="expressive-heading-04 ">Complacency</h3> </div> <div class="rich-text text"><div class="cms-richtext " id="rich-text-76e8f6eeca" data-dynamic-inner-content="description"> <p>With a new system in place, there might be a tendency to walk away, satisfied that the task is done. But hacking techniques are continually sharpened to keep pace with new security measures. Maintenance and the task of securing data are rarely complete, and constant improvements to security controls are needed.</p> </div></div> <div class="standalone-title enhanced-title text"> <h3 class="expressive-heading-04 ">Complexity</h3> </div> <div class="rich-text text"><div class="cms-richtext " id="rich-text-63fb9e232d" data-dynamic-inner-content="description"> <p>The ever-changing technological environment requires a sophisticated system and an IT team that is thoroughly up to date to manage those evermore complex systems. This includes safely exchanging information with the <a href="https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/internet-of-things" target="_self" rel="noopener noreferrer">Internet of Things (IoT)</a> and all mobile devices.</p> <p>Complexity can be a time drain: some IT teams find their primary effort is in continually reconfiguring and maintaining their security system.</p> </div></div> <div class="standalone-title enhanced-title text"> <h3 class="expressive-heading-04 ">Global connections</h3> </div> <div class="rich-text text"><div class="cms-richtext " id="rich-text-2b7baffc70" data-dynamic-inner-content="description"> <p>Businesses around the world might use different computer systems, have different levels of information security and work under different regulations. All of these make secure global data exchange increasingly difficult.</p> </div></div> <div class="standalone-title enhanced-title text"> <h3 class="expressive-heading-04 ">Inflexibility</h3> </div> <div class="rich-text text"><div class="cms-richtext " id="rich-text-f6f6fba3b3" data-dynamic-inner-content="description"> <p>Locking down all information might halt all business progress. The difficult balance is having a constructive data flow within an organization while keeping the data safe within the organization and using it appropriately.</p> </div></div> <div class="standalone-title enhanced-title text"> <h3 class="expressive-heading-04 ">Third-party integration</h3> </div> <div class="rich-text text"><div class="cms-richtext " id="rich-text-46626dbde1" data-dynamic-inner-content="description"> <p>Depending on their level of security, integrating information systems with a third-party vendor or other business partner might be difficult or create new security risks.</p> </div></div> <div class="footnotes"><div driverLocation="1-4"> <div data-autoid="c4d--content-block" class="cds--content-block"> <div class="cds--grid cds--no-gutter"> <div class="cds--row"> <div class="cds--col-lg-4"> <div data-autoid="c4d--content-block-segmented" class="cds--content-block-segmented"> <h5> Footnotes </h5> </div> </div> <div class="cds--col-lg-12"> <div data-autoid="c4d--content-block-segmented" class="cds--content-block-segmented"> <div class="cms-richtext " id="rich-text-9bbc15f276" data-dynamic-inner-content="description"> <p><sup>1</sup> <a href="https://www.bls.gov/ooh/computer-and-information-technology/information-security-analysts.htm" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span class="ibm_icon_launch_external_after">Occupational Outlook Handbook: Information Security Analysts</span></a> , <em>US Bureau of Labor Statistics</em>,17 April 2024.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="body-article-4 container responsivegrid cds--col"> <div id="body-article-4-201eff8c02" class="cmp-container"> <div class="experiencefragment"> <div id="experiencefragment-2d25be7c30" class="cmp-experiencefragment cmp-experiencefragment--blueprint-cardlistitem-xf"> <div class="xf-content-height"> <div class="root container responsivegrid"> <div id="container-c76e056e7f" class="cmp-container"> <div class="card-list-item card link button"> <c4d-card href="https://www.ibm.com/account/reg/signup?formid=urx-52913" target="_blank" pictogram-placement="top" cta-type="local" aria-label="alt text" data-video-modal-type="media-center" grid-mode="condensed" no-poster="true" data-attribute1="featuredasset"> <c4d-card-eyebrow slot="eyebrow" aria-hidden="true"> Report </c4d-card-eyebrow> <c4d-card-heading role="heading" aria-level="3" slot="heading"> Cost of a Data Breach Report 2024 </c4d-card-heading> <p>Data breach costs have hit a new high. 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