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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Veracity_of_Africa_trip" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Veracity_of_Africa_trip"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Veracity of Africa trip</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Veracity_of_Africa_trip-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Name" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Name</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References_in_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_in_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References in media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References_in_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Leo Africanus</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 42 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A" title="ليون الإفريقي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ليون الإفريقي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikal%C4%B1_Lev" title="Afrikalı Lev – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Afrikalı Lev" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%9E_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Леў Афрыканскі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Леў Афрыканскі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8A%D0%B2_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Лъв Африкански – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лъв Африкански" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Africanus" title="Leo Africanus – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Leo Africanus" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lle%C3%B3_l%27Afric%C3%A0" title="Lleó l'Africà – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lleó l'Africà" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Africanus" title="Leo Africanus – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Leo Africanus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Africanus" title="Leo Africanus – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Leo Africanus" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86" title="لحسن لوزان – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لحسن لوزان" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Africanus" title="Leo Africanus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Leo Africanus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Africanus" title="Leo Africanus – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Leo Africanus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%AD%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%BF_%CE%91%CF%86%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Λέων ο Αφρικανός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λέων ο Αφρικανός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%C3%B3n_el_Africano" title="León el Africano – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="León el Africano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Afrikarra" title="Leon Afrikarra – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Leon Afrikarra" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A6%D9%88_%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3" title="لئو آفریکانوس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لئو آفریکانوس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9on_l%27Africain" title="Léon l'Africain – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Léon l'Africain" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%C3%B3n_o_Africano" title="León o Africano – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="León o Africano" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A0%88%EC%98%A4_%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4%EB%88%84%EC%8A%A4" title="레오 아프리카누스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="레오 아프리카누스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Africanus" title="Leo Africanus – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Leo Africanus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leone_l%27Africano" title="Leone l'Africano – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Leone l'Africano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95_%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A1" title="ליאו אפריקנוס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ליאו אפריקנוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Africanus" title="Leo Africanus – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Leo Africanus" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Afrikik" title="Leon Afrikik – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Leon Afrikik" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Africanus" title="Leo Africanus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Leo Africanus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonas_Afrikietis" title="Leonas Afrikietis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Leonas Afrikietis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Africanus" title="Leo Africanus – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Leo Africanus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Africanus" title="Leo Africanus – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Leo Africanus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AC%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%95%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E3%83%8C%E3%82%B9" title="レオ・アフリカヌス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="レオ・アフリカヌス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86" title="الحسن ابن محمد الوزان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="الحسن ابن محمد الوزان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Africanus" title="Leo Africanus – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Leo Africanus" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%C3%A3o,_o_Africano" title="Leão, o Africano – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Leão, o Africano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Africanul" title="Leon Africanul – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Leon Africanul" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Лев Африканский – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лев Африканский" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liuni_l%27Africanu" title="Liuni l'Africanu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Liuni l'Africanu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Africanus" title="Leo Africanus – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Leo Africanus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Afrikanac" title="Leon Afrikanac – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Leon Afrikanac" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Africanus" title="Leo Africanus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Leo Africanus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Africanus" title="Leo Africanus – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Leo Africanus" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Лев Африканський – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лев Африканський" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86" title="الحسن ابن محمد الوزان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="الحسن ابن محمد الوزان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the novel by Amin Maalouf, see <a href="/wiki/Leo_Africanus_(novel)" title="Leo Africanus (novel)">Leo Africanus (novel)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Leo Africanus/al-Hasan Muhammad al-Wazzan al-Fasi</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Sebastiano_del_Piombo_Portrait_of_a_Humanist.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Sebastiano_del_Piombo_Portrait_of_a_Humanist.jpg/220px-Sebastiano_del_Piombo_Portrait_of_a_Humanist.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Sebastiano_del_Piombo_Portrait_of_a_Humanist.jpg/330px-Sebastiano_del_Piombo_Portrait_of_a_Humanist.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Sebastiano_del_Piombo_Portrait_of_a_Humanist.jpg/440px-Sebastiano_del_Piombo_Portrait_of_a_Humanist.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7316" data-file-height="9937" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Portrait of a Humanist, c. 1520. The identity of the sitter is unknown but suggested possibly to be Leo Africanus <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERauchenberger199978–79_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERauchenberger199978–79-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">al-Hasan Muhammad al-Wazzan</div><br />c. 1494<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Granada" title="Granada">Granada</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">c. 1554 (aged c. 60)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Diplomat, geographer, traveler and scientist</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Notable work</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Description_of_Africa_(1550_book)" title="Description of Africa (1550 book)">Description of Africa</a></i></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Johannes Leo Africanus</b> (born <b>al-Hasan Muhammad al-Wazzan <a href="/wiki/Fez,_Morocco" title="Fez, Morocco">al-Fasi</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الحسن محمد الوزان الفاسي</span>; <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1494</span> – <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1554</span>) was an <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Andalusi</a> diplomat and author who is best known for his 1526 book <i><a href="/wiki/Cosmographia_et_geographia_de_Affrica" title="Cosmographia et geographia de Affrica">Cosmographia et geographia de Affrica</a></i>, later published by <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Ramusio" title="Giovanni Battista Ramusio">Giovanni Battista Ramusio</a> as <i><a href="/wiki/Description_of_Africa_(1550_book)" title="Description of Africa (1550 book)">Descrittione dell'Africa</a></i> (<i>Description of Africa</i>) in 1550, centered on the geography of the <a href="/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb">Maghreb</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nile_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Nile Valley">Nile Valley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The book was regarded among his scholarly peers in Europe as the most authoritative treatise on the subject until the modern <a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Exploration of Africa">exploration of Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMasonen2001_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasonen2001-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For this work, Leo became a household name among European geographers. He converted from <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> to <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> and changed his name to <b>Johannes Leo de Medicis</b> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">يوحنا الأسد</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Leo possibly returned to North Africa in 1528, reverting to Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMasonen2001_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasonen2001-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leo_Africanus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most of what is known about his life is gathered from autobiographical notes in his own work. Leo Africanus was born as al-Hasan, son of Muhammad in <a href="/wiki/Granada" title="Granada">Granada</a> around the year 1494.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMasonen2001_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasonen2001-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The year of birth can be estimated from his self-reported age at the time of various historical events.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His family moved to <a href="/wiki/Fez,_Morocco" title="Fez, Morocco">Fez</a> soon after his birth.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMasonen2001_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasonen2001-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERauchenberger199926_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERauchenberger199926-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Fez he studied at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_al-Qarawiyyin" title="University of al-Qarawiyyin">University of al-Qarawiyyin</a> (also spelled al-Karaouine). As a young man he accompanied an uncle on a <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_mission" title="Diplomatic mission">diplomatic mission</a>, reaching as far as the city of <a href="/wiki/Timbuktu" title="Timbuktu">Timbuktu</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1510</span>), then part of the <a href="/wiki/Songhai_Empire" title="Songhai Empire">Songhai Empire</a>. In 1517 when returning from a diplomatic mission to <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Constantinople</a> on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Fez" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan of Fez">Sultan of Fez</a> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Abd_Allah_al-Burtuqali_Muhammad_ibn_Muhammad" title="Abu Abd Allah al-Burtuqali Muhammad ibn Muhammad">Muhammad II</a> he found himself in the port of <a href="/wiki/Rosetta" title="Rosetta">Rosetta</a> during the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Ottoman_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Ottoman Egypt">Ottoman conquest of Egypt</a>. He continued with his journey through <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aswan" title="Aswan">Aswan</a> and across the <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a> to <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabia</a>, where he probably performed a <a href="/wiki/Pilgrimage" title="Pilgrimage">pilgrimage</a> to <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Al-Qarawiyyin_University,_Fes,_Morocco_-_Var_132.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Al-Qarawiyyin_University%2C_Fes%2C_Morocco_-_Var_132.jpg/220px-Al-Qarawiyyin_University%2C_Fes%2C_Morocco_-_Var_132.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Al-Qarawiyyin_University%2C_Fes%2C_Morocco_-_Var_132.jpg/330px-Al-Qarawiyyin_University%2C_Fes%2C_Morocco_-_Var_132.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Al-Qarawiyyin_University%2C_Fes%2C_Morocco_-_Var_132.jpg/440px-Al-Qarawiyyin_University%2C_Fes%2C_Morocco_-_Var_132.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The courtyard of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_al-Qarawiyyin" title="University of al-Qarawiyyin">University of al-Qarawiyyin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fez,_Morocco" title="Fez, Morocco">Fez, Morocco</a>, where al-Hasan (future Leo Africanus) studied.</figcaption></figure> <p>On his way back to <a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a> in 1518 he was captured by Spanish <a href="/wiki/Privateer" title="Privateer">corsairs</a> either near the island of <a href="/wiki/Djerba" title="Djerba">Djerba</a> or more probably near <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a>, and imprisoned on the island of <a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a>, the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Knights Hospitaller</a>. The usual fate of unransomed Muslim captives was slavery in Christian <a href="/wiki/Galley" title="Galley">galleys</a>, but when his captors realized his intelligence and importance, he was moved to the <a href="/wiki/Castel_Sant%27Angelo" title="Castel Sant'Angelo">Castel Sant'Angelo</a> in Rome and presented to <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_X" title="Pope Leo X">Pope Leo X</a>. He was soon freed and given a pension to persuade him to stay. He was <a href="/wiki/Baptized" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptized">baptized</a> in the <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">Basilica of Saint Peter's</a> in 1520. He took the Latin name <i>Johannes Leo de Medicis</i> (<i>Giovanni Leone</i> in Italian). In Arabic, he preferred to translate this name as <i>Yuhanna al-Asad al-Gharnati</i> (literally means John the Lion of Granada).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMasonen2001_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasonen2001-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is likely that Leo Africanus was welcomed to the <a href="/wiki/Papal_court" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal court">papal court</a> as the Pope feared that Turkish forces might invade Sicily and southern Italy, and a willing collaborator could provide useful information on North Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMasonen2001_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasonen2001-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (November 2021)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Leo Africanus left Rome and spent the next three or four years traveling in Italy. The death of his patron Leo X in 1521, and suspicions from the new Pope <a href="/wiki/Adrian_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Adrian VI">Adrian VI</a> against a Muslim in court, was likely the reason for his leaving Rome. While staying in <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a> he wrote an Arabic-Hebrew-Latin medical <a href="/wiki/Vocabulary" title="Vocabulary">vocabulary</a>, of which only the Arabic part has survived, and a <a href="/wiki/Grammar" title="Grammar">grammar</a> of Arabic of which only an eight-page fragment has survived. He returned to Rome in 1526 under the protection of the new <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_VII" title="Pope Clement VII">Pope Clement VII</a>, a cousin of Leo X who replaced Adrian. According to Leo, he completed his manuscript on African <a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">geography</a> in the same year. The work was published in Italian with the title <i><a href="/wiki/Description_of_Africa_(1550_book)" title="Description of Africa (1550 book)">Della descrittione dell'Africa et delle cose notabili che ivi sono, per Giovan Lioni Africano</a></i> in 1550 by the <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venetian</a> publisher <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Ramusio" title="Giovanni Battista Ramusio">Giovanni Battista Ramusio</a>. The book proved to be extremely popular and was reprinted five times. It was also translated into other languages. French and Latin editions were published in 1556 while an English version was published in 1600 with the title <i>A Geographical Historie of Africa</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Latin edition, which contained many errors and mistranslations, was used as the source for the English translation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMasonen2001_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasonen2001-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Pope_Leo_X_and_his_cousins,_cardinals_Giulio_de%27_Medici_and_Luigi_de%27_Rossi_(by_Raphael).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Portrait_of_Pope_Leo_X_and_his_cousins%2C_cardinals_Giulio_de%27_Medici_and_Luigi_de%27_Rossi_%28by_Raphael%29.jpg/220px-Portrait_of_Pope_Leo_X_and_his_cousins%2C_cardinals_Giulio_de%27_Medici_and_Luigi_de%27_Rossi_%28by_Raphael%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Portrait_of_Pope_Leo_X_and_his_cousins%2C_cardinals_Giulio_de%27_Medici_and_Luigi_de%27_Rossi_%28by_Raphael%29.jpg/330px-Portrait_of_Pope_Leo_X_and_his_cousins%2C_cardinals_Giulio_de%27_Medici_and_Luigi_de%27_Rossi_%28by_Raphael%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Portrait_of_Pope_Leo_X_and_his_cousins%2C_cardinals_Giulio_de%27_Medici_and_Luigi_de%27_Rossi_%28by_Raphael%29.jpg/440px-Portrait_of_Pope_Leo_X_and_his_cousins%2C_cardinals_Giulio_de%27_Medici_and_Luigi_de%27_Rossi_%28by_Raphael%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2538" data-file-height="3360" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_X" title="Pope Leo X">Pope Leo X</a> (<i>center</i>) was Leo's initial benefactor in Rome. His cousin, Giulio de' Medici (<i>left</i>) later became <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_VII" title="Pope Clement VII">Pope Clement VII</a> and continued the papal patronage of Leo.</figcaption></figure> <p>There are several theories of his later life, but none of them are certain. According to one theory, he spent it in Rome until he died around 1550, the year <i>Description of Africa</i> was published. This theory was based on indirect allusion in a later preface to this book. According to another theory, he left shortly before the <a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(1527)" title="Sack of Rome (1527)">Sack of Rome</a> by <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a>'s troops in 1527. He then returned to North Africa and lived in Tunis until his death, some time after 1550. This was based on records by German orientalist <a href="/wiki/Johann_Albrecht_Widmannstetter" title="Johann Albrecht Widmannstetter">Johann Albrecht Widmannstetter</a>, who arrived in Italy and planned (but ultimately failed) to travel to Tunis to meet Leo who had since reconverted to Islam. Yet another theory said that he left Tunis after <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Tunis_(1535)" title="Conquest of Tunis (1535)">it was captured</a> by Charles V in 1535 for Morocco, his second home country after Granada where his relatives were still living. This was based on the assumption that Leo, having left Granada, would not have wanted to live under Christian Spanish rule again, and his wish (recorded in <i>Description of Africa</i>) that he wanted to ultimately return to his home country "by God's assistance".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMasonen2001_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasonen2001-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Veracity_of_Africa_trip">Veracity of Africa trip</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leo_Africanus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Veracity of Africa trip"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is unlikely that Leo Africanus visited all the places that he describes and he must therefore have relied on information obtained from other travellers.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It is doubtful whether he visited <a href="/wiki/Hausaland" class="mw-redirect" title="Hausaland">Hausaland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bornu_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Bornu Empire">Bornu</a> and it is even possible that he never crossed the <a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Sahara</a> but relied on information from other travellers that he met in Morocco.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFisher1978_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisher1978-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The historian Pekka Masonen has argued that the belief of his further travels was based on misreadings by modern scholars who interpreted his book as an itinerary.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMasonen2001_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasonen2001-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time Leo visited the city of <a href="/wiki/Timbuktu" title="Timbuktu">Timbuktu</a>, it was a thriving <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> city famous for its learning. Home to many scholars and learned men, Timbuktu also possessed a <a href="/wiki/Great_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Mosque">Great Mosque</a>, renowned for its expansive library. The town was to become a byword in Europe as the most inaccessible of cities. At the time of Leo's journey there, it was the centre of a busy trade carried on by traders in African products, gold, printed <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cottons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slaves</a> and in Islamic books.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMasonen2001_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasonen2001-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leo_Africanus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In an autograph in one of his surviving manuscripts, a fragment of an Arabic-Hebrew-Latin medical <a href="/wiki/Vocabulary" title="Vocabulary">vocabulary</a> he wrote for the Jewish physician <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Mantino" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacob Mantino">Jacob Mantino</a>, he signed his name in Arabic as <i>Yuhanna al-Asad al-Gharnati</i> (literally means John the Lion of Granada), a translation of his Christian name, John-Leo, or <i>Johannes Leo</i> (Latin), or <i>Giovanni Leone</i> (Italian). He was also given the family name <a href="/wiki/Medici" class="mw-redirect" title="Medici">Medici</a> after his patron, Pope Leo X's family. The same manuscript also contained his original name al-Hasan ibn Muhammad al-Wazzan al-Fasi. al-Hasan ibn Muhammad was a <a href="/wiki/Patronymic_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Patronymic name">patronymic name</a> meaning "al-Hasan, son of Muhammad", and <i>al-Fasi</i> is the Arabic demonym for someone from <a href="/wiki/Fez,_Morocco" title="Fez, Morocco">Fez, Morocco</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMasonen2001_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasonen2001-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leo_Africanus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cosmographia_et_geographia_de_Affrica" title="Cosmographia et geographia de Affrica">Cosmographia et geographia de Affrica</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Moroccan_literature" title="Moroccan literature">Moroccan literature</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Moroccan_writers" title="List of Moroccan writers">List of writers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Moroccan_women_writers" title="List of Moroccan women writers">Women writers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_literature" title="Moroccan literature">Moroccan literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic languages">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berber_languages" title="Berber languages">Tamazight</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> Moroccan writers</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Moroccan_novelists" title="Category:Moroccan novelists">Novelists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Moroccan_dramatists_and_playwrights" title="Category:Moroccan dramatists and playwrights">Playwrights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Moroccan_poets" title="Category:Moroccan poets">Poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Moroccan_essayists" title="Category:Moroccan essayists">Essayists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Moroccan_historians" title="Category:Moroccan historians">Historians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Moroccan_travel_writers" title="Category:Moroccan travel writers">Travel writers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Moroccan_Sufi_writers" title="Category:Moroccan Sufi writers">Sufi writers</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> Forms</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Moroccan_novels" title="Category:Moroccan novels">Novel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Moroccan_poets" title="Category:Moroccan poets">Poetry</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> Criticism and awards</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literary_theory" title="Literary theory">Literary theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Moroccan_literary_critics" title="Category:Moroccan literary critics">Critics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Moroccan_literary_awards" title="Category:Moroccan literary awards">Literary prizes</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> See also</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abderrahman_El_Majdoub" class="mw-redirect" title="Abderrahman El Majdoub">El Majdoub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Awzal" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Awzal">Awzal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Choukri" title="Mohamed Choukri">Choukri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahar_Ben_Jelloun" title="Tahar Ben Jelloun">Ben Jelloun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Zafzaf" title="Mohamed Zafzaf">Zafzaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmond_Amran_El_Maleh" title="Edmond Amran El Maleh">El Maleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driss_Chra%C3%AFbi" title="Driss Chraïbi">Chraîbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatema_Mernissi" title="Fatema Mernissi">Mernissi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Leo Africanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Kha%C3%AFr-Eddine" title="Mohammed Khaïr-Eddine">Khaïr-Eddine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachir_Qamari" title="Bachir Qamari">Qamari</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background:#ddddff;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Morocco" title="Portal:Morocco">Morocco Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Literature" title="Portal:Literature">Literature Portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Moroccan_literature" title="Template:Moroccan literature"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Moroccan_literature" title="Template talk:Moroccan literature"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Moroccan_literature" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Moroccan literature"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LeoAfricanus-JohnPory-GeoHistorieAfrica-1600.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/LeoAfricanus-JohnPory-GeoHistorieAfrica-1600.jpg/220px-LeoAfricanus-JohnPory-GeoHistorieAfrica-1600.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="356" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/LeoAfricanus-JohnPory-GeoHistorieAfrica-1600.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="405" /></a><figcaption>The title page of the 1600 English edition of Leo Africanus's book on Africa.</figcaption></figure> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Cosmographia_et_geographia_de_Affrica" title="Cosmographia et geographia de Affrica">Cosmographia et geographia de Affrica</a></i>, later published by Giovanni Battista Ramusio as <i>Description of Africa</i> in 1550, is Leo's most famous work. He wrote an Arabic-Hebrew-Latin medical <a href="/wiki/Vocabulary" title="Vocabulary">vocabulary</a> for the Jewish physician <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Mantino" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacob Mantino">Jacob Mantino</a>. He also wrote an Arabic translation of the <a href="/wiki/Epistles_of_St._Paul" class="mw-redirect" title="Epistles of St. Paul">Epistles of St. Paul</a>, which is dated in January 1521; the manuscript belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Estense" title="Biblioteca Estense">Biblioteca Estense</a> in Modena. Another surviving work is a biographical encyclopedia of 25 major Islamic scholars and 5 major Jewish scholars which was completed in Rome before he left the city in 1527 and published for the first time in Latin by <a href="/wiki/Johann_Heinrich_Hottinger" title="Johann Heinrich Hottinger">Johann Heinrich Hottinger</a> in 1664. Unlike <i>Description of Africa</i>, this biographical work was hardly noticed in Europe; the book contains various erroneous information, likely due to his lack of sources when he was in Italy, forcing him to rely on memory.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMasonen2001_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasonen2001-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <i>Description of Africa</i>, he referred to plans to write other books. He planned two descriptions of places, one for the Middle East and another for Europe. He also planned to write an exposition of the Islamic faith and a history of North Africa. None of these books survived nor has there been any proof that he completed them, which might have been due to his possible return to North Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMasonen2001_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasonen2001-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References_in_media">References in media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leo_Africanus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References in media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A fictionalized account of his life, <i><a href="/wiki/Leo_Africanus_(novel)" title="Leo Africanus (novel)">Leo Africanus</a></i>, by the Lebanese-French author <a href="/wiki/Amin_Maalouf" title="Amin Maalouf">Amin Maalouf</a>, fills in key gaps in the story and places Leo Africanus in prominent events of his time. </p><p>The BBC produced a documentary about his life called "Leo Africanus: A Man Between Worlds" in 2011. It was presented by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Badr_Sayegh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Badr Sayegh (page does not exist)">Badr Sayegh</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%BA" class="extiw" title="ar:بدر الدين الصائغ">ar</a>]</span> and directed by Jeremy Jeffs. The film followed in Leo's footsteps from Granada, through Fez and Timbuktu, all the way to Rome.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>It has been suggested that <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a> may have drawn on Leo Africanus' book when preparing to write <a href="/wiki/Othello" title="Othello">Othello</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitney1922_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitney1922-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leo_Africanus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERauchenberger199978–79-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERauchenberger199978–79_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRauchenberger1999">Rauchenberger 1999</a>, pp. 78–79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_com_35836">"Leo Africanus"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1573-3912_ei3_com_35836">10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_com_35836</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+THREE&rft.atitle=Leo+Africanus&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_ei3_com_35836&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_ei3_com_35836&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeo+Africanus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMasonen2001-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMasonen2001_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMasonen2001_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMasonen2001_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMasonen2001_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMasonen2001_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMasonen2001_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMasonen2001_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMasonen2001_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMasonen2001_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMasonen2001_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMasonen2001_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMasonen2001_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMasonen2001_3-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMasonen2001">Masonen 2001</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_com_35836">"Leo Africanus"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1573-3912_ei3_com_35836">10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_com_35836</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+THREE&rft.atitle=Leo+Africanus&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_ei3_com_35836&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_ei3_com_35836&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeo+Africanus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeo_Africanus1896">Leo Africanus 1896</a>, Vol. 1 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/worksissuedbyha01unkngoog#page/n18/mode/1up">p. v</a>. He was 12 years old when the Portuguese captured the port of Safi on the coast of Morocco in 1507 and 16 years old when he visited Timbuktu in 1509–1510.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERauchenberger199926-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERauchenberger199926_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRauchenberger1999">Rauchenberger 1999</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeo_Africanus1600">Leo Africanus 1600</a>; <a href="#CITEREFLeo_Africanus1896">Leo Africanus 1896</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisher1978-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFisher1978_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFisher1978">Fisher 1978</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitney1922-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitney1922_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWhitney1922">Whitney 1922</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leo_Africanus&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisher1978" class="citation journal cs1">Fisher, Humphrey J. (1978). "Leo Africanus and the Songhay conquest of Hausaland". <i>International Journal of African Historical Studies</i>. <b>11</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/Boston_University_African_Studies_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston University African Studies Center">Boston University African Studies Center</a>: 86–112. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F217055">10.2307/217055</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/217055">217055</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+African+Historical+Studies&rft.atitle=Leo+Africanus+and+the+Songhay+conquest+of+Hausaland&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=86-112&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F217055&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F217055%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=Humphrey+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeo+Africanus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeo_Africanus1600" class="citation book cs1">Leo Africanus (1600). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/b30334627/page/n10"><i>A Geographical Historie of Africa, written in Arabicke and Italian. Before which is prefixed a generall description of Africa, and a particular treatise of all the lands undescribed. Translated and collected by John Pory</i></a>. London: G. Bishop.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Geographical+Historie+of+Africa%2C+written+in+Arabicke+and+Italian.+Before+which+is+prefixed+a+generall+description+of+Africa%2C+and+a+particular+treatise+of+all+the+lands+undescribed.+Translated+and+collected+by+John+Pory&rft.place=London&rft.pub=G.+Bishop&rft.date=1600&rft.au=Leo+Africanus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fb30334627%2Fpage%2Fn10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeo+Africanus" class="Z3988"></span> The first translation into English.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeo_Africanus1896" class="citation book cs1">Leo Africanus (1896). <i>The History and Description of Africa (3 Vols)</i>. Brown, Robert, editor. London: Hakluyt Society.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+and+Description+of+Africa+%283+Vols%29&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hakluyt+Society&rft.date=1896&rft.au=Leo+Africanus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeo+Africanus" class="Z3988"></span> Internet Archive: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worksissuedbyha01unkngoog">Volume 1</a> (pp. 1–224), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyanddescr01unkngoog">Volume 2</a>, (pp. 225–668); <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyanddescr02porygoog">Volume 3</a> (pp. 669–1119); <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/historyanddescr02porygoog#page/n388/mode/2up">Geographical index</a>. The original text of Pory's 1600 English translation together with an introduction and notes by the editor.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMasonen2001" class="citation journal cs1">Masonen, Pekka (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leoafricanus.com/pictures/bibliography/Masonen/Masonen.pdf">"Leo Africanus: the man with many names"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Al-Andalus Magreb</i>. <b>8–9</b>: 115–143.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al-Andalus+Magreb&rft.atitle=Leo+Africanus%3A+the+man+with+many+names&rft.volume=8-9&rft.pages=115-143&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Masonen&rft.aufirst=Pekka&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leoafricanus.com%2Fpictures%2Fbibliography%2FMasonen%2FMasonen.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeo+Africanus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRauchenberger1999" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rauchenberger, Dietrich (1999). <i>Johannes Leo der Afrikaner: seine Beschreibung des Raumes zwischen Nil und Niger nach dem Urtext</i> (in German). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-447-04172-2" title="Special:BookSources/3-447-04172-2"><bdi>3-447-04172-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Johannes+Leo+der+Afrikaner%3A+seine+Beschreibung+des+Raumes+zwischen+Nil+und+Niger+nach+dem+Urtext&rft.place=Wiesbaden&rft.pub=Harrassowitz&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=3-447-04172-2&rft.aulast=Rauchenberger&rft.aufirst=Dietrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeo+Africanus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitney1922" class="citation journal cs1">Whitney, Lois (1922). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jstor-457156">"Did Shakespeare know Leo Africanus?"</a>. <i>Publications of the Modern Language Association of America</i>. <b>37</b> (3): 470–483. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F457156">10.2307/457156</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/457156">457156</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163273508">163273508</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Publications+of+the+Modern+Language+Association+of+America&rft.atitle=Did+Shakespeare+know+Leo+Africanus%3F&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=470-483&rft.date=1922&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163273508%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F457156%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F457156&rft.aulast=Whitney&rft.aufirst=Lois&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjstor-457156&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeo+Africanus" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leo_Africanus&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeazley1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Raymond_Beazley" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Raymond Beazley">Beazley, Charles Raymond</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Leo, Johannes"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Leo,_Johannes">"Leo, Johannes" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). p. 441.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Leo%2C+Johannes&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=441&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Beazley&rft.aufirst=Charles+Raymond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeo+Africanus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">Black, Crofton (2002). "Leo Africanus's "Descrittione dell'Africa" and its sixteenth-century translations". <i>Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes</i>. <b>65</b>: 262–272. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F4135111">10.2307/4135111</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4135111">4135111</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:190220063">190220063</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Warburg+and+Courtauld+Institutes&rft.atitle=Leo+Africanus%27s+%22Descrittione+dell%27Africa%22+and+its+sixteenth-century+translations&rft.volume=65&rft.pages=262-272&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A190220063%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4135111%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F4135111&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=Crofton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeo+Africanus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Natalie_Zemon_Davis" title="Natalie Zemon Davis">Davis, Natalie Zemon</a> (2007). <i>Trickster Travels: a sixteenth-century Muslim between worlds</i>. New York: Hill and Wang. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8090-9435-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8090-9435-6"><bdi>978-0-8090-9435-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trickster+Travels%3A+a+sixteenth-century+Muslim+between+worlds&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Hill+and+Wang&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8090-9435-6&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Natalie+Zemon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeo+Africanus" class="Z3988"></span> pages 186, 260</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Jean-Léon l'Africain (1956). <i>Description de l'Afrique: Nouvelle édition traduite de l'italien par Alexis Épaulard et annotée par Alexis Épaulard, Théodore Monod, Henri Lhote et Raymond Mauny (2 Vols)</i>. Paris: Maisonneuve.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Description+de+l%27Afrique%3A+Nouvelle+%C3%A9dition+traduite+de+l%27italien+par+Alexis+%C3%89paulard+et+annot%C3%A9e+par+Alexis+%C3%89paulard%2C+Th%C3%A9odore+Monod%2C+Henri+Lhote+et+Raymond+Mauny+%282+Vols%29&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Maisonneuve&rft.date=1956&rft.au=Jean-L%C3%A9on+l%27Africain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeo+Africanus" class="Z3988"></span> A scholarly translation into French with extensive notes.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Hunwick" title="John Hunwick">Hunwick, John O.</a> (1999). <i>Timbuktu and the Songhay Empire: Al-Sadi's Tarikh al-Sudan down to 1613 and other contemporary documents</i>. Leiden: Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-11207-3" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-11207-3"><bdi>90-04-11207-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Timbuktu+and+the+Songhay+Empire%3A+Al-Sadi%27s+Tarikh+al-Sudan+down+to+1613+and+other+contemporary+documents&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=90-04-11207-3&rft.aulast=Hunwick&rft.aufirst=John+O.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeo+Africanus" class="Z3988"></span> pages 272–291 contain a translation into English of Leo Africanus's descriptions of the Middle Niger, Hausaland and Bornu. Corresponds to Épaulard 1956 Vol II pages 463–481.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Masonen, Pekka (2000). <i>The Negroland revisited: Discovery and invention of the Sudanese middle ages</i>. Helsinki: Finnish Academy of Science and Letters. pp. 167–207. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/951-41-0886-8" title="Special:BookSources/951-41-0886-8"><bdi>951-41-0886-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Negroland+revisited%3A+Discovery+and+invention+of+the+Sudanese+middle+ages&rft.place=Helsinki&rft.pages=167-207&rft.pub=Finnish+Academy+of+Science+and+Letters&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=951-41-0886-8&rft.aulast=Masonen&rft.aufirst=Pekka&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeo+Africanus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Brinda Charry, Gitanjali Shahani: <i>Emissaries in Early Modern Literature and Culture: Mediation, Transmission, Traffic, 1550–1700.</i> Ashgate, 2009, repr. Routledge, 2016</li> <li>Zhiri, Oumelbanine, L'Afrique au miroir de l'Europe, Fortunes de Jean Léon l'Africain à la Renaissance, Droz, 1991. A book-length study of Leo Africanus' influence during the Renaissance.</li> <li>Pouillon, François ed., "Léon l'Africain", Paris, 2009. A collection of studies on different aspects of Leo Africanus's work and life.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leo_Africanus&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Joannes_Leo_Africanus" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Joannes Leo Africanus">Joannes Leo Africanus</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nxMbTbndGrA">Leo Africanus; A Man Between Worlds – BBC </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070102071140/http://www.said-hajji.com/en/book-leo.html">Hassan Al Wazzan aka Leo Africanus</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leoafricanus.com">Site devoted to Leo Africanus</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldmap.harvard.edu/maps/Leoafricanus">Interactive map of Leo Africanus' travels in Sub-Saharan Africa created in the Harvard Worldmap platform</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/650">"Travels into the Inland Parts of Africa: Containing a Description of the Several Nations for the Space of Six Hundred Miles up the River Gambia"</a> features an English translation of work by Africanus, dating from 1738</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332790#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332790#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118866052">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85059224">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11912461v">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11912461v">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Leo, Johannes : Africanus"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/BVEV032929">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35083889">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jx20080229001&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1142792">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/155682">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p069689792">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/6065449">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=224827">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/b8nqrnlv29xg67g">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810665910505606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/11504">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007264460205171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058511314706706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA02148840?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/821603">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118866052.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118866052">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026983427">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6wn02t1">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leo_Africanus&oldid=1252653881">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leo_Africanus&oldid=1252653881</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1490s_births" title="Category:1490s births">1490s births</a></li><li><a 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