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id="toc-1401–1409" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1401–1409"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>1401–1409</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1401–1409-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1410s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1410s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>1410s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1410s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1420s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1420s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>1420s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1420s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1430s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1430s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>1430s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1430s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1440s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1440s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>1440s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1440s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1450s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1450s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>1450s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1450s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1460s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1460s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>1460s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1460s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1470s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1470s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>1470s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1470s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1480s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1480s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>1480s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1480s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1490–1500" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1490–1500"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>1490–1500</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1490–1500-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inventions,_discoveries,_introductions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inventions,_discoveries,_introductions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Inventions, discoveries, introductions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inventions,_discoveries,_introductions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">15th century</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 142 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-142" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">142 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/15de_eeu" title="15de eeu – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="15de eeu" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/15._Jahrhundert" title="15. Jahrhundert – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="15. Jahrhundert" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/15%E1%8A%9B%E1%8B%8D_%E1%88%9D%E1%8B%95%E1%89%B0_%E1%8B%93%E1%88%98%E1%89%B5" title="15ኛው ምዕተ ዓመት – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="15ኛው ምዕተ ዓመት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%86_15" title="القرن 15 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="القرن 15" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sieglo_XV" title="Sieglo XV – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Sieglo XV" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/XV%C3%A9mo_si%C3%A8cllo" title="XVémo siècllo – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="XVémo siècllo" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sieglu_XV" title="Sieglu XV – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sieglu XV" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/XV_%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%80%D1%83" title="XV гӀасру – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="XV гӀасру" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/XV_%C9%99sr" title="XV əsr – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="XV əsr" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B5._%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B2_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84" title="۱۵. یوز ایل – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۵. یوز ایل" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ka-15" title="Abad ka-15 – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Abad ka-15" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%80" title="পঞ্চদশ শতাব্দী – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পঞ্চদশ শতাব্দী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/15_s%C3%A8-k%C3%AD" title="15 sè-kí – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="15 sè-kí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_kaping-15" title="Abad kaping-15 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Abad kaping-15" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/XV_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82" title="XV быуат – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="XV быуат" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/XV_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5" title="XV стагоддзе – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="XV стагоддзе" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/XV_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5" title="XV стагодзьдзе – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="XV стагодзьдзе" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/15_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="15 век – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="15 век" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/15._vijek" title="15. vijek – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="15. vijek" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/XVvet_kantved" title="XVvet kantved – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="XVvet kantved" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segle_XV" title="Segle XV – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Segle XV" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/XV_%C4%95%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%80" title="XV ĕмĕр – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="XV ĕмĕр" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/15._stolet%C3%AD" title="15. století – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="15. století" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/15fed_ganrif" title="15fed ganrif – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="15fed ganrif" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/15._%C3%A5rhundrede" title="15. århundrede – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="15. århundrede" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/15._Jahrhundert" title="15. Jahrhundert – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="15. Jahrhundert" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/15._sajand" title="15. sajand – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="15. sajand" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/15%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%82" title="15ος αιώνας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="15ος αιώνας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/XV_s%C3%A9col" title="XV sécol – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="XV sécol" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/XV_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="XV пинге – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="XV пинге" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siglo_XV" title="Siglo XV – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Siglo XV" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/15-a_jarcento" title="15-a jarcento – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="15-a jarcento" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigru_XV" title="Sigru XV – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Sigru XV" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/XV._mendea" title="XV. mendea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="XV. mendea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AF%D9%87_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%85_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="سده پانزدهم میلادی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سده پانزدهم میلادی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/15._%C3%B8ld" title="15. øld – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="15. øld" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XVe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XVe siècle – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="XVe siècle" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/15e_iuw" title="15e iuw – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="15e iuw" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/15%C3%BA_haois" title="15ú haois – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="15ú haois" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/15oo_eash" title="15oo eash – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="15oo eash" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/15mh_Linn" title="15mh Linn – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="15mh Linn" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XV" title="Século XV – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Século XV" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/15%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="15世紀 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="15世紀" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/15%EC%84%B8%EA%B8%B0" title="15세기 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="15세기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/15-%D6%80%D5%A4_%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80" title="15-րդ դար – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="15-րդ դար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AB%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="१५वीं शताब्दी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१५वीं शताब्दी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/15._stolje%C4%87e" title="15. stoljeće – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="15. stoljeće" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/15ma_yarcento" title="15ma yarcento – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="15ma yarcento" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ke-15" title="Abad ke-15 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Abad ke-15" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seculo_15" title="Seculo 15 – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Seculo 15" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/XV_%C3%A6%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%81" title="XV æнус – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="XV æнус" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/15._%C3%B6ldin" title="15. öldin – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="15. öldin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/XV_secolo" title="XV secolo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="XV secolo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%94-15" title="המאה ה-15 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המאה ה-15" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ping_15" title="Abad ping 15 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Abad ping 15" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/XV_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94" title="XV საუკუნე – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="XV საუკუნე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/XV_%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80" title="XV ғасыр – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="XV ғасыр" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/15ves_kansbledhen" title="15ves kansbledhen – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="15ves kansbledhen" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karne_ya_15" title="Karne ya 15 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Karne ya 15" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/15-eafa_decemda" title="15-eafa decemda – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="15-eafa decemda" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedsala_15an" title="Sedsala 15an – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Sedsala 15an" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saeculum_15" title="Saeculum 15 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Saeculum 15" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/15._gadsimts" title="15. gadsimts – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="15. gadsimts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/15._Joerhonnert" title="15. Joerhonnert – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="15. Joerhonnert" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/XV_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%88_%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%81" title="XV виш йис – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="XV виш йис" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/XV_am%C5%BEius" title="XV amžius – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="XV amžius" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/XV_secolo" title="XV secolo – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="XV secolo" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vieftiende_iew" title="Vieftiende iew – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Vieftiende iew" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentenio_15" title="Sentenio 15 – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Sentenio 15" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/15moi_na%27acto" title="15moi na'acto – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="15moi na'acto" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9cul_XV" title="Sécul XV – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Sécul XV" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/15._sz%C3%A1zad" title="15. század – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="15. század" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/15_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="15 век – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="15 век" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rautau_15" title="Rautau 15 – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Rautau 15" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8.%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AB_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95" title="इ.स.चे १५ वे शतक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स.चे १५ वे शतक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/XV_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A8%E1%83%AC%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="XV ოშწანურა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="XV ოშწანურა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="القرن الخمستاشر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="القرن الخمستاشر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ke-15" title="Abad ke-15 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Abad ke-15" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/15_si%C3%A9-g%C4%AB" title="15 sié-gī – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="15 sié-gī" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/15-%D1%80_%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BD" title="15-р зуун – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="15-р зуун" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%85_%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%BE%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="၁၅ ရာစုနှစ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၅ ရာစုနှစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macuilpohualxihuitl_XV" title="Macuilpohualxihuitl XV – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Macuilpohualxihuitl XV" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/15e_eeuw" title="15e eeuw – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="15e eeuw" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/15e_eeuw" title="15e eeuw – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="15e eeuw" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/15%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="15世紀 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="15世紀" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/XV_seculo" title="XV seculo – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="XV seculo" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/XV_%D0%B1%D3%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BE" title="XV бӀешо – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="XV бӀешо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/15._juarhunert" title="15. juarhunert – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="15. juarhunert" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/15._%C3%A5rhundre" title="15. århundre – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="15. århundre" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1400-talet" title="1400-talet – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1400-talet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/XVe_s." title="XVe s. – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="XVe s." data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_XV" title="Sègle XV – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sègle XV" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XV_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="XV курым – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="XV курым" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/XV_asr" title="XV asr – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="XV asr" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/15%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80" title="15ਵੀਂ ਸਦੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="15ਵੀਂ ਸਦੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%81%D9%88%D9%8A%DA%BA_%D8%B5%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="پندرہويں صدی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پندرہويں صدی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siglo_15" title="Siglo 15 – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Siglo 15" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/15._Johrhunnert" title="15. Johrhunnert – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="15. Johrhunnert" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/XV_wiek" title="XV wiek – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="XV wiek" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XV" title="Século XV – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Século XV" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secolul_al_XV-lea" title="Secolul al XV-lea – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Secolul al XV-lea" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/15_%C3%B1iqin_pachakwata" title="15 ñiqin pachakwata – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="15 ñiqin pachakwata" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/XV._%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B0" title="XV. стороча – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="XV. стороча" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/XV_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="XV век – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="XV век" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/XV_%D2%AF%D0%B9%D1%8D" title="XV үйэ – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="XV үйэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/sabaw_lima_a_zitay_15%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="sabaw lima a zitay 15世紀 – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="sabaw lima a zitay 15世紀" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/15t_century" title="15t century – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="15t century" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/15._Jierhunnert" title="15. Jierhunnert – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="15. Jierhunnert" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngwagakgolo_15" title="Ngwagakgolo 15 – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Ngwagakgolo 15" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shekulli_XV" title="Shekulli XV – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shekulli XV" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8culu_XV" title="Sèculu XV – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Sèculu XV" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/15th_century" title="15th century – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="15th century" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/15._storo%C4%8Die" title="15. storočie – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="15. storočie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/15._stoletje" title="15. stoletje – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="15. stoletje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%AF%DB%95%DB%8C_%D9%A1%D9%A5%DB%8C%DB%95%D9%85" title="سەدەی ١٥یەم – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سەدەی ١٥یەم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/15._%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="15. век – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="15. век" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/15._vijek" title="15. vijek – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="15. vijek" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ka-15" title="Abad ka-15 – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Abad ka-15" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1400-luku" title="1400-luku – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1400-luku" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1400-talet" title="1400-talet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1400-talet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ika-15_dantaon" title="Ika-15 dantaon – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ika-15 dantaon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/15-%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="15-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="15-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/XV_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80" title="XV гасыр – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="XV гасыр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE%E1%82%81%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%81%A2%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87_15" title="ပီႁူဝ်ပၢၵ်ႇ 15 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ပီႁူဝ်ပၢၵ်ႇ 15" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_15" title="คริสต์ศตวรรษที่ 15 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คริสต์ศตวรรษที่ 15" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B8_XV" title="Садаи XV – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Садаи XV" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/15._y%C3%BCzy%C4%B1l" title="15. yüzyıl – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="15. yüzyıl" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/15-nji_asyr" title="15-nji asyr – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="15-nji asyr" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/XV_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8F" title="XV століття – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="XV століття" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%81%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%BA_%D8%B5%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="پندرہویں صدی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پندرہویں صدی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/XV_secolo" title="XV secolo – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="XV secolo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%BF_k%E1%BB%B7_15" title="Thế kỷ 15 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thế kỷ 15" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/15._aastagasada" title="15. aastagasada – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="15. aastagasada" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/15inme_sieke" title="15inme sieke – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="15inme sieke" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ika-15_nga_gatostuig" title="Ika-15 nga gatostuig – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ika-15 nga gatostuig" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/15%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="15世纪 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="15世纪" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/15%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%99%22%D7%94" title="15טער י"ה – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="15טער י"ה" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/15%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="15世紀 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="15世紀" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seserra_15%C4%B1ne" title="Seserra 15ıne – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Seserra 15ıne" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/15e_e%C3%AAuw" title="15e eêuw – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="15e eêuw" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/XV_om%C5%BEios" title="XV omžios – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="XV omžios" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/15%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="15世纪 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="15世纪" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Millennium</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Centuries</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/14th_century" title="14th century">14th century</a></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">15th century</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_century" title="16th century">16th century</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Timelines</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/14th_century#Events" title="14th century">14th century</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_15th_century" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the 15th century">15th century</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_16th_century" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the 16th century">16th century</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> State leaders</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_14th_century" title="List of state leaders in the 14th century">14th century</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_15th_century" title="List of state leaders in the 15th century">15th century</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_the_16th_century" title="List of state leaders in the 16th century">16th century</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Decades</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1400s_(decade)" title="1400s (decade)">1400s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1410s" title="1410s">1410s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1420s" title="1420s">1420s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1430s" title="1430s">1430s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1440s" title="1440s">1440s</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1450s" title="1450s">1450s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1460s" title="1460s">1460s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1470s" title="1470s">1470s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1480s" title="1480s">1480s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1490s" title="1490s">1490s</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Categories:</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/Category:15th-century_births" title="Category:15th-century births">Births</a> – <a href="/wiki/Category:15th-century_deaths" title="Category:15th-century deaths">Deaths</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Category:15th-century_establishments" title="Category:15th-century establishments">Establishments</a> – <a href="/wiki/Category:15th-century_disestablishments" title="Category:15th-century disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Centurybox" title="Template:Centurybox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Centurybox" title="Template talk:Centurybox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Centurybox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Centurybox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zonaro_GatesofConst.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Zonaro_GatesofConst.jpg/220px-Zonaro_GatesofConst.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Zonaro_GatesofConst.jpg/330px-Zonaro_GatesofConst.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Zonaro_GatesofConst.jpg/440px-Zonaro_GatesofConst.jpg 2x" data-file-width="903" data-file-height="1224" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Sultan</a> <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II" title="Mehmed II">Mehmed II</a>, victorious at the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Constantinople" title="Fall of Constantinople">Ottoman conquest of Constantinople</a> and the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>. Various historians describe it as the end of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Rendici%C3%B3n_de_Granada_-_Pradilla.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/La_Rendici%C3%B3n_de_Granada_-_Pradilla.jpg/330px-La_Rendici%C3%B3n_de_Granada_-_Pradilla.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/La_Rendici%C3%B3n_de_Granada_-_Pradilla.jpg/495px-La_Rendici%C3%B3n_de_Granada_-_Pradilla.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/La_Rendici%C3%B3n_de_Granada_-_Pradilla.jpg/660px-La_Rendici%C3%B3n_de_Granada_-_Pradilla.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8133" data-file-height="5210" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/The_Surrender_of_Granada" title="The Surrender of Granada">The Surrender of Granada</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Pradilla_Ortiz" title="Francisco Pradilla Ortiz">Francisco Pradilla Ortiz</a>, 1882: <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_XII_of_Granada" title="Muhammad XII of Granada">Muhammad XII</a> surrenders to <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Monarchs_of_Spain" title="Catholic Monarchs of Spain">Ferdinand and Isabella</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Columbus_Taking_Possession.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Columbus_Taking_Possession.jpg/250px-Columbus_Taking_Possession.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Columbus_Taking_Possession.jpg/375px-Columbus_Taking_Possession.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Columbus_Taking_Possession.jpg/500px-Columbus_Taking_Possession.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2724" data-file-height="2062" /></a><figcaption>Gergio Deluci, <i><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a> arrives in <a href="/wiki/The_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="The Americas">the Americas</a> in 1492,</i> 1893 painting.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>15th century</b> was the <a href="/wiki/Century" title="Century">century</a> which spans the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a> dates from 1 January <a href="/wiki/1401" title="1401">1401</a> (represented by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman numerals</a> MCDI) to 31 December <a href="/wiki/1500" title="1500">1500</a> (MD). </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/History_of_Europe" title="History of Europe">Europe</a>, the 15th century includes parts of the <a href="/wiki/Late_Middle_Ages" title="Late Middle Ages">Late Middle Ages</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Early_Renaissance" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Renaissance">Early Renaissance</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Early_modern_period" title="Early modern period">early modern period</a>. Many technological, social and cultural developments of the 15th century can in retrospect be seen as heralding the "<a href="/wiki/European_miracle" class="mw-redirect" title="European miracle">European miracle</a>" of the following centuries. The <a href="/wiki/Perspective_(graphical)" title="Perspective (graphical)">architectural perspective</a>, and the modern fields which are known today as <a href="/wiki/Banking" class="mw-redirect" title="Banking">banking</a> and <a href="/wiki/Accounting" title="Accounting">accounting</a> were founded in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a> ended with a decisive <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">French</a> victory over the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">English</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Castillon" title="Battle of Castillon">Battle of Castillon</a>. Financial troubles in England following the conflict resulted in the <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Roses" title="Wars of the Roses">Wars of the Roses</a>, a series of dynastic wars for the throne of England. The conflicts ended with the defeat of <a href="/wiki/Richard_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard III">Richard III</a> by <a href="/wiki/Henry_VII_of_England" title="Henry VII of England">Henry VII</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bosworth_Field" title="Battle of Bosworth Field">Battle of Bosworth Field</a>, establishing the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Tudor" title="House of Tudor">Tudor dynasty</a> in the later part of the century. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, known as the <a href="/wiki/Caput_Mundi" title="Caput Mundi">capital of the world</a> and the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Constantinople" title="Fall of Constantinople">fell</a> to the emerging Muslim <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Turks</a>, marking the end of the tremendously influential Byzantine Empire and, for some historians, the end of the Middle Ages.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led to the migration of <a href="/wiki/Greek_scholars_in_the_Renaissance" title="Greek scholars in the Renaissance">Greek scholars</a> and texts to Italy, while <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Gutenberg" title="Johannes Gutenberg">Johannes Gutenberg</a>'s invention of a mechanical <a href="/wiki/Movable_type" title="Movable type">movable type</a> began the <a href="/wiki/Printing_press" title="Printing press">printing press</a>. These two events played key roles in the development of the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Roman <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">papacy</a> was split in two parts in Europe for decades (the so-called <a href="/wiki/Western_Schism" title="Western Schism">Western Schism</a>), until the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Constance" title="Council of Constance">Council of Constance</a>. The division of the Catholic Church and the unrest associated with the <a href="/wiki/Hussite" class="mw-redirect" title="Hussite">Hussite</a> movement would become factors in the rise of the Protestant <a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a> in the following century. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Spain">Islamic Spain</a> became dissolved through the Christian <a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a>, followed by the <a href="/wiki/Forced_conversions_of_Muslims_in_Spain" title="Forced conversions of Muslims in Spain">forced conversions</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rebellion_of_the_Alpujarras_(1499%E2%80%931501)" title="Rebellion of the Alpujarras (1499–1501)">Muslim rebellion</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarvey200514_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarvey200514-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ending over seven centuries of <a href="/wiki/Islamic" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic">Islamic</a> rule and returning southern Spain to Christian rulers. </p><p>The spices, wines and precious metals of the <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Sultanate" title="Bengal Sultanate">Bengal Sultanate</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had attracted European traders to trade with Bengal, but the trade was subsequently lower, due to the rise of the Ottoman Empire, which introduced new taxes and tariffs against European traders. This had led to explorers like <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a> finding a route to reach India, which eventually reached the Americas. Explorers like <a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama">Vasco da Gama</a>, a Portuguese traveller, also found a route to reach to India from the African coast. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/History_of_Asia" title="History of Asia">Asia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurid Empire</a> collapsed and the Afghan Pashtun <a href="/wiki/Lodi_dynasty" title="Lodi dynasty">Lodi dynasty</a> took control of the <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a>. Under the rule of the <a href="/wiki/Yongle_Emperor" title="Yongle Emperor">Yongle Emperor</a>, who built the <a href="/wiki/Forbidden_City" title="Forbidden City">Forbidden City</a> and commanded <a href="/wiki/Zheng_He" title="Zheng He">Zheng He</a> to <a href="/wiki/Treasure_voyages" class="mw-redirect" title="Treasure voyages">explore the world overseas</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a>'s territory reached its pinnacle. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/History_of_Africa" title="History of Africa">Africa</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_the_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim conquest of the Sudan">spread of Islam</a> led to the destruction of the Christian kingdoms of <a href="/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia">Nubia</a>, by the end of the century, leaving only <a href="/wiki/Alodia" title="Alodia">Alodia</a> (which was to collapse in 1504). The formerly vast <a href="/wiki/Mali_Empire" title="Mali Empire">Mali Empire</a> teetered on the brink of collapse, under pressure from the rising <a href="/wiki/Songhai_Empire" title="Songhai Empire">Songhai Empire</a>. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era" title="Pre-Columbian era">Americas</a>, both the <a href="/wiki/Aztec_Empire" title="Aztec Empire">Aztec Empire</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Inca Empire</a> reached the peak of their influence, but the <a href="/wiki/Voyages_of_Christopher_Columbus" title="Voyages of Christopher Columbus">voyages of Christopher Columbus</a> and other European voyages of discovery in the Americas, beginning the <a href="/wiki/European_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="European colonization of the Americas">European colonization of the Americas</a>, changed the course of modern history. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=15th_century&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1401–1409"><span id="1401.E2.80.931409"></span><a href="/wiki/1400s_(decade)" title="1400s (decade)">1401–1409</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=15th_century&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1401–1409"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pacioli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Pacioli.jpg/250px-Pacioli.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Pacioli.jpg/375px-Pacioli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Pacioli.jpg/500px-Pacioli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1250" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Luca_Pacioli" title="Portrait of Luca Pacioli">Portrait of the founder of accounting, Luca Pacioli</a></i>, by <a href="/wiki/Jacopo_de%27_Barbari" title="Jacopo de' Barbari">Jacopo de' Barbari</a> (<a href="/wiki/Museo_di_Capodimonte" title="Museo di Capodimonte">Museo di Capodimonte</a>).</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1401" title="1401">1401</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dilawar_Khan" title="Dilawar Khan">Dilawar Khan</a> establishes the <a href="/wiki/Malwa_Sultanate" title="Malwa Sultanate">Malwa Sultanate</a> in present-day central India.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1402" title="1402">1402</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurid Empires</a> fight at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ankara" title="Battle of Ankara">Battle of Ankara</a> resulting in the capture of <a href="/wiki/Bayezid_I" title="Bayezid I">Bayezid I</a> by <a href="/wiki/Timur" title="Timur">Timur</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1402" title="1402">1402</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Malacca" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanate of Malacca">Sultanate of Malacca</a> founded by <a href="/wiki/Parameswara_(sultan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parameswara (sultan)">Parameswara</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1402" title="1402">1402</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_the_Canary_Islands" title="Conquest of the Canary Islands">settlement of the Canary Islands</a> signals the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1403" title="1403">1403</a>–<a href="/wiki/1413" title="1413">1413</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Interregnum" title="Ottoman Interregnum">Ottoman Interregnum</a>, a civil war between the four sons of <a href="/wiki/Bayezid_I" title="Bayezid I">Bayezid I</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1403" title="1403">1403</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Yongle_Emperor" title="Yongle Emperor">Yongle Emperor</a> moves the capital of China from <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a> to <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1404" title="1404">1404</a>–<a href="/wiki/1406" title="1406">1406</a>: <a href="/wiki/Regreg_War" title="Regreg War">Regreg War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Majapahit" title="Majapahit">Majapahit</a> civil war of secession between <a href="/wiki/Wikramawardhana" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikramawardhana">Wikramawardhana</a> against Wirabhumi.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1405" title="1405">1405</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Sulu" title="Sultanate of Sulu">Sultanate of Sulu</a> is established by <a href="/wiki/Sharif_ul-H%C4%81shim_of_Sulu" title="Sharif ul-Hāshim of Sulu">Sharif ul-Hāshim</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1405" title="1405">1405</a>–<a href="/wiki/1433" title="1433">1433</a>: During the <a href="/wiki/Ming_treasure_voyages" title="Ming treasure voyages">Ming treasure voyages</a>, Admiral <a href="/wiki/Zheng_He" title="Zheng He">Zheng He</a> of China sails through the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a> to Malacca, India, Ceylon, Persia, Arabia, and East Africa to spread China's influence and sovereignty. The first voyage, a massive <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> naval expedition ending in 1407, visited Java, Palembang, Malacca, Aru, Samudera and Lambri.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1408" title="1408">1408</a>: The last recorded event to occur in the <a href="/wiki/Norsemen" title="Norsemen">Norse</a> settlements of <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a> was a wedding in <a href="/wiki/Hvalsey" title="Hvalsey">Hvalsey</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Settlement" title="Eastern Settlement">Eastern Settlement</a> in 1408.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1410s"><a href="/wiki/1410s" title="1410s">1410s</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=15th_century&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1410s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Northern_Yuan_and_Golden_Horde.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Northern_Yuan_and_Golden_Horde.svg/250px-Northern_Yuan_and_Golden_Horde.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Northern_Yuan_and_Golden_Horde.svg/375px-Northern_Yuan_and_Golden_Horde.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Northern_Yuan_and_Golden_Horde.svg/500px-Northern_Yuan_and_Golden_Horde.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="984" data-file-height="746" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Northern_Yuan_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Yuan dynasty">Northern Yuan dynasty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turco-Mongol_tradition" title="Turco-Mongol tradition">Turco-Mongol</a> residual states and domains by the 15th century</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1410" title="1410">1410</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grunwald" title="Battle of Grunwald">Battle of Grunwald</a> is the decisive battle of the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian%E2%80%93Teutonic_War" title="Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War">Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War</a> leading to the downfall of the <a href="/wiki/Teutonic_Knights" class="mw-redirect" title="Teutonic Knights">Teutonic Knights</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1410" title="1410">1410</a>-<a href="/wiki/1415" title="1415">1415</a>: <a href="/wiki/Glynd%C5%B5r_Rising" class="mw-redirect" title="Glyndŵr Rising">The last Welsh war of independence</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Owain_Glynd%C5%B5r" title="Owain Glyndŵr">Owain Glyndŵr</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1414" title="1414">1414</a>: <a href="/wiki/Khizr_Khan" title="Khizr Khan">Khizr Khan</a>, deputised by <a href="/wiki/Timur" title="Timur">Timur</a> to be the governor of <a href="/wiki/Multan" title="Multan">Multan</a>, takes over Delhi founding the <a href="/wiki/Sayyid_dynasty" title="Sayyid dynasty">Sayyid dynasty</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1415" title="1415">1415</a>: <a href="/wiki/Henry_the_Navigator" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry the Navigator">Henry the Navigator</a> leads the <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Ceuta" class="mw-redirect" title="Conquest of Ceuta">conquest of Ceuta</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Moors" title="Moors">Moors</a> marking the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese Empire</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1415" title="1415">1415</a>: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Agincourt" title="Battle of Agincourt">Battle of Agincourt</a> fought between the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">Kingdom of England</a> and <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1415" title="1415">1415</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jan_Hus" title="Jan Hus">Jan Hus</a> is burned at the stake as a heretic at the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Constance" title="Council of Constance">Council of Constance</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1417" title="1417">1417</a>: A large goodwill mission led by three kings of Sulu, the <i>Eastern King</i> <a href="/wiki/Paduka_Pahala" title="Paduka Pahala">Paduka Pahala</a>, the <i>Western king</i> Maharaja Kolamating and <i>Cave king</i> Paduka Prabhu as well as 340 members of their delegation, in what is now the southern Philippines, ploughed through the Pacific Ocean to China to pay tribute to the <a href="/wiki/Yongle_emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Yongle emperor">Yongle emperor</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ming_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Ming Dynasty">Ming Dynasty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1417" title="1417">1417</a>: The East king of Sulu, <a href="/wiki/Paduka_Pahala" title="Paduka Pahala">Paduka Pahala</a>, on their way home, suddenly died in Dezhou, a city in east China's Shandong province. The <a href="/wiki/Yongle_Emperor" title="Yongle Emperor">Yongle Emperor</a> Zhu Di commissioned artisans to build a tomb for the king.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1419" title="1419">1419</a>–<a href="/wiki/1433" title="1433">1433</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Hussite_Wars" title="Hussite Wars">Hussite Wars</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1420s"><a href="/wiki/1420s" title="1420s">1420s</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=15th_century&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1420s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joan_of_Arc_miniature_graded.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Joan_of_Arc_miniature_graded.jpg/170px-Joan_of_Arc_miniature_graded.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Joan_of_Arc_miniature_graded.jpg/255px-Joan_of_Arc_miniature_graded.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Joan_of_Arc_miniature_graded.jpg/340px-Joan_of_Arc_miniature_graded.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1812" data-file-height="2700" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc">Joan of Arc</a>, a French peasant girl, directly influenced the result of the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1420" title="1420">1420</a>: Construction of the Chinese <a href="/wiki/Forbidden_City" title="Forbidden City">Forbidden City</a> is completed in Beijing.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1420" title="1420">1420</a>: In <a href="/wiki/Sub-saharan_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-saharan Africa">Sub-saharan Africa</a> the <a href="/wiki/Ife_Empire" title="Ife Empire">Ife Empire</a> has collapsed.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1424" title="1424">1424</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_I_of_Scotland" title="James I of Scotland">James I</a> returns to <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> after being held hostage under three <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings of England">Kings of England</a> since <a href="/wiki/1406" title="1406">1406</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1424" title="1424">1424</a>: <a href="/wiki/Deva_Raya_II" title="Deva Raya II">Deva Raya II</a> succeeds his father <a href="/wiki/Veera_Vijaya_Bukka_Raya" title="Veera Vijaya Bukka Raya">Veera Vijaya Bukka Raya</a> as monarch of the <a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara Empire</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1425" title="1425">1425</a>: Catholic <a href="/wiki/Old_University_of_Leuven" title="Old University of Leuven">University of Leuven</a> (Belgium) founded by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Martin_V" title="Pope Martin V">Pope Martin V</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1427" title="1427">1427</a>: Reign of <a href="/wiki/Itzcoatl" title="Itzcoatl">Itzcoatl</a> begins as the fourth <i><a href="/wiki/Tlatoani" title="Tlatoani">tlatoani</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Tenochtitlan" title="Tenochtitlan">Tenochtitlan</a> and the first emperor of the <a href="/wiki/Aztec_Empire" title="Aztec Empire">Aztec Empire</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1429" title="1429">1429</a>: <a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc">Joan of Arc</a> ends the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Siege of Orléans">Siege of Orléans</a> and turns the tide of the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1429" title="1429">1429</a>: Queen <a href="/wiki/Suhita" title="Suhita">Suhita</a> succeeds her father <a href="/wiki/Wikramawardhana" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikramawardhana">Wikramawardhana</a> as ruler of <a href="/wiki/Majapahit" title="Majapahit">Majapahit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RICKLEFSp18_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RICKLEFSp18-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1430s"><a href="/wiki/1430s" title="1430s">1430s</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=15th_century&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1430s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1430" title="1430">1430</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rajah_Lontok" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajah Lontok">Rajah Lontok</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dayang_Kalangitan" title="Dayang Kalangitan">Dayang Kalangitan</a> become co-regent rulers of the ancient kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Tondo_(historical_polity)" title="Tondo (historical polity)">Tondo</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1431" title="1431">1431</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/9_January" class="mw-redirect" title="9 January">9 January</a> – Pretrial investigations for <a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc">Joan of Arc</a> begin in <a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> under <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">English</a> occupation.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_March" class="mw-redirect" title="3 March">3 March</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Eugene_IV" title="Pope Eugene IV">Pope Eugene IV</a> succeeds <a href="/wiki/Pope_Martin_V" title="Pope Martin V">Pope Martin V</a>, to become the 207th <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">pope</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/26_March" class="mw-redirect" title="26 March">26 March</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Joan_of_Arc" title="Trial of Joan of Arc">trial of Joan of Arc</a> begins.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_May" class="mw-redirect" title="30 May">30 May</a> – Nineteen-year-old Joan of Arc is <a href="/wiki/Burned_at_the_stake" class="mw-redirect" title="Burned at the stake">burned at the stake</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/16_June" class="mw-redirect" title="16 June">16 June</a> – the <a href="/wiki/Teutonic_Knights" class="mw-redirect" title="Teutonic Knights">Teutonic Knights</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0vitrigaila" title="Švitrigaila">Švitrigaila</a> sign the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Christmemel" title="Treaty of Christmemel">Treaty of Christmemel</a>, creating anti-Polish alliance</li> <li>September – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Inverlochy_(1431)" title="Battle of Inverlochy (1431)">Battle of Inverlochy</a>: Donald Balloch defeats the Royalists.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_October" class="mw-redirect" title="30 October">30 October</a> – <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Medina_del_Campo_(1431)" title="Treaty of Medina del Campo (1431)">Treaty of Medina del Campo</a>, consolidating peace between <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Portugal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Castille</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/16_December" class="mw-redirect" title="16 December">16 December</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England" title="Henry VI of England">Henry VI of England</a> is crowned King of France.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1438" title="1438">1438</a>: <a href="/wiki/Pachacuti" title="Pachacuti">Pachacuti</a> founds the <a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Inca Empire</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1440s"><a href="/wiki/1440s" title="1440s">1440s</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=15th_century&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1440s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Detail_of_The_Emperor%27s_Approach,_Xuande_period.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Detail_of_The_Emperor%27s_Approach%2C_Xuande_period.jpg/220px-Detail_of_The_Emperor%27s_Approach%2C_Xuande_period.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Detail_of_The_Emperor%27s_Approach%2C_Xuande_period.jpg/330px-Detail_of_The_Emperor%27s_Approach%2C_Xuande_period.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Detail_of_The_Emperor%27s_Approach%2C_Xuande_period.jpg/440px-Detail_of_The_Emperor%27s_Approach%2C_Xuande_period.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4451" data-file-height="4431" /></a><figcaption>Detail of <i>The Emperor's Approach</i> showing the <a href="/wiki/Xuande_Emperor" title="Xuande Emperor">Xuande Emperor</a>'s royal carriage. <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> of China.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1440" title="1440">1440</a>: <a href="/wiki/Eton_College" title="Eton College">Eton College</a> founded by Henry VI.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1440s" title="1440s">1440s</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a> breaks up into the <a href="/wiki/Siberia_Khanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Siberia Khanate">Siberia Khanate</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Kazan" title="Khanate of Kazan">Khanate of Kazan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Astrakhan_Khanate" title="Astrakhan Khanate">Astrakhan Khanate</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Khanate" title="Crimean Khanate">Crimean Khanate</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Great_Horde" title="Great Horde">Great Horde</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1440" title="1440">1440</a>–<a href="/wiki/1469" title="1469">1469</a>: Under <a href="/wiki/Moctezuma_I" title="Moctezuma I">Moctezuma I</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Aztec" class="mw-redirect" title="Aztec">Aztecs</a> become the dominant power in <a href="/wiki/Mesoamerica" title="Mesoamerica">Mesoamerica</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1440" title="1440">1440</a>: <a href="/wiki/Oba_Ewuare" class="mw-redirect" title="Oba Ewuare">Oba Ewuare</a> comes to power in the <a href="/wiki/West_African" class="mw-redirect" title="West African">West African</a> city of <a href="/wiki/Benin_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Benin Empire">Benin</a>, and turns it into an empire.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1440" title="1440">1440</a>: Reign of <a href="/wiki/Moctezuma_I" title="Moctezuma I">Moctezuma I</a> begins as the fifth <i><a href="/wiki/Tlatoani" title="Tlatoani">tlatoani</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Tenochtitlan" title="Tenochtitlan">Tenochtitlan</a> and emperor of the <a href="/wiki/Aztec_Empire" title="Aztec Empire">Aztec Empire</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1441" title="1441">1441</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jan_van_Eyck" title="Jan van Eyck">Jan van Eyck</a>, Flemish painter, dies.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1441" title="1441">1441</a>: Portuguese navigators cruise <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a> and reestablish the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Slave_Trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic Slave Trade">European slave trade</a> with a shipment of <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Africa" title="Slavery in Africa">African slaves</a> sent directly from <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> to <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1441" title="1441">1441</a>: A civil war between the <a href="/wiki/Tutul-Xiu" title="Tutul-Xiu">Tutul Xiues</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cocom" title="Cocom">Cocom</a> breaks out in the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Mayapan" title="League of Mayapan">League of Mayapan</a>. As a consequence, the league begins to disintegrate.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1442" title="1442">1442</a>: <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_Bruni" title="Leonardo Bruni">Leonardo Bruni</a> defines <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> and Modern times.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1443" title="1443">1443</a>: <a href="/wiki/Abdur_Razzaq_(traveller)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdur Razzaq (traveller)">Abdur Razzaq</a> visits India.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1443" title="1443">1443</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sejong_the_Great_of_Joseon" class="mw-redirect" title="Sejong the Great of Joseon">King Sejong the Great</a> publishes the <a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">hangul</a>, the native phonetic alphabet system for the <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean language</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1444" title="1444">1444</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albanian league</a> is established in Lezha, <a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg" title="Skanderbeg">Skanderbeg</a> is elected leader. A war begins against the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>. An Albanian <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">state</a> is set up and lasts until <a href="/wiki/1479" title="1479">1479</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1444" title="1444">1444</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> under <a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultan</a> <a href="/wiki/Murad_II" title="Murad II">Murad II</a> defeats the <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Polish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungarian</a> armies under <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_III_of_Poland" title="Władysław III of Poland">Władysław III of Poland</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Hunyadi" title="John Hunyadi">János Hunyadi</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Varna" title="Battle of Varna">Battle of Varna</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1445" title="1445">1445</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Kazan_Khanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Kazan Khanate">Kazan Khanate</a> defeats the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Moscow" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duchy of Moscow">Grand Duchy of Moscow</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Suzdal" title="Battle of Suzdal">Battle of Suzdal</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1446" title="1446">1446</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mallikarjuna_Raya" title="Mallikarjuna Raya">Mallikarjuna Raya</a> succeeds his father <a href="/wiki/Deva_Raya_II" title="Deva Raya II">Deva Raya II</a> as monarch of the <a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara Empire</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1447" title="1447">1447</a>: Wijaya Parakrama Wardhana, succeeds <a href="/wiki/Suhita" title="Suhita">Suhita</a> as ruler of Majapahit.<sup id="cite_ref-RICKLEFSp18_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RICKLEFSp18-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1449" title="1449">1449</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sankardeva" class="mw-redirect" title="Sankardeva">Saint Srimanta Sankardeva</a> was born.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1449" title="1449">1449</a>: <a href="/wiki/Esen_Tayisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Esen Tayisi">Esen Tayisi</a> leads an <a href="/wiki/Oirats" title="Oirats">Oirat Mongol</a> invasion of China which culminate in the capture of the <a href="/wiki/Zhengtong_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhengtong Emperor">Zhengtong Emperor</a> at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tumu_Fortress" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Tumu Fortress">Battle of Tumu Fortress</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1450s"><a href="/wiki/1450s" title="1450s">1450s</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=15th_century&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1450s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1450s" title="1450s">1450s</a>: <a href="/wiki/Machu_Picchu" title="Machu Picchu">Machu Picchu</a> constructed.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1450" title="1450">1450</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dayang_Kalangitan" title="Dayang Kalangitan">Dayang Kalangitan</a> became the <a href="/wiki/Queen_regnant" title="Queen regnant">Queen regnant</a> of the ancient kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Tondo_(historical_polity)" title="Tondo (historical polity)">Tondo</a> that started Tondo's political dominance over <a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1451" title="1451">1451</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bahlul_Khan_Lodhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahlul Khan Lodhi">Bahlul Khan Lodhi</a> ascends the throne of the <a href="/wiki/Delhi_sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Delhi sultanate">Delhi sultanate</a> starting the <a href="/wiki/Lodhi_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Lodhi dynasty">Lodhi dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1451" title="1451">1451</a>: Rajasawardhana, born Bhre Pamotan, styled Brawijaya II succeeds Wijayaparakramawardhana as ruler of Majapahit.<sup id="cite_ref-RICKLEFSp18_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RICKLEFSp18-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1453" title="1453">1453</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Constantinople" title="Fall of Constantinople">Fall of Constantinople</a> marks the end of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> and the death of the last Roman Emperor <a href="/wiki/Constantine_XI" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine XI">Constantine XI</a> and the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Classical_Age_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Classical Age of the Ottoman Empire">Classical Age of the Ottoman Empire</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1453" title="1453">1453</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Castillon" title="Battle of Castillon">Battle of Castillon</a> is the last engagement of the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a> and the first battle in European history where cannons were a major factor in deciding the battle.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1453" title="1453">1453</a>: Reign of Rajasawardhana ends.<sup id="cite_ref-RICKLEFSp18_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RICKLEFSp18-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1454" title="1454">1454</a>–<a href="/wiki/1466" title="1466">1466</a>: After defeating the Teutonic Knights in the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Years%27_War_(1454%E2%80%9366)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirteen Years' War (1454–66)">Thirteen Years' War</a>, Poland annexes <a href="/wiki/Royal_Prussia" title="Royal Prussia">Royal Prussia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1455" title="1455">1455</a>–<a href="/wiki/1485" title="1485">1485</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Roses" title="Wars of the Roses">Wars of the Roses</a> – English civil war between the House of York and the House of Lancaster.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1456" title="1456">1456</a>: <a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc">Joan of Arc</a> is <a href="/wiki/Retrial_of_Joan_of_Arc" class="mw-redirect" title="Retrial of Joan of Arc">posthumously acquitted</a> of <a href="/wiki/Heresy" title="Heresy">heresy</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>, redeeming her status as the heroine of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1456" title="1456">1456</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Belgrade_(1456)" title="Siege of Belgrade (1456)">Siege of Belgrade</a> halts the Ottomans' advance into Europe.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1456" title="1456">1456</a>: Girishawardhana, styled Brawijaya III, becomes ruler of Majapahit.<sup id="cite_ref-RICKLEFSp18_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RICKLEFSp18-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1457" title="1457">1457</a>: Construction of <a href="/wiki/Edo_Castle" title="Edo Castle">Edo Castle</a> begins.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1460s"><a href="/wiki/1460s" title="1460s">1460s</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=15th_century&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1460s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cacicazgos_mayas_-_es.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Cacicazgos_mayas_-_es.svg/220px-Cacicazgos_mayas_-_es.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Cacicazgos_mayas_-_es.svg/330px-Cacicazgos_mayas_-_es.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Cacicazgos_mayas_-_es.svg/440px-Cacicazgos_mayas_-_es.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The seventeen Kuchkabals of Yucatán after The League of Mayapan in 1461.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1461" title="1461">1461</a>: The <a href="/wiki/League_of_Mayapan" title="League of Mayapan">League of Mayapan</a> disintegrates. The league is replaced by seventeen <a href="/wiki/Kuchkabal" title="Kuchkabal">Kuchkabal</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1461" title="1461">1461</a>: The city of <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a> is founded by the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottomans</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1461" title="1461">1461</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2_February" class="mw-redirect" title="2 February">2 February</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mortimer%27s_Cross" title="Battle of Mortimer's Cross">Battle of Mortimer's Cross</a>: Yorkist troops led by <a href="/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward IV of England">Edward, Duke of York</a> defeat Lancastrians under <a href="/wiki/Owen_Tudor" title="Owen Tudor">Owen Tudor</a> and his son <a href="/wiki/Jasper_Tudor,_Earl_of_Pembroke" class="mw-redirect" title="Jasper Tudor, Earl of Pembroke">Jasper Tudor, Earl of Pembroke</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_February" class="mw-redirect" title="17 February">17 February</a> – <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_St_Albans" title="Second Battle of St Albans">Second Battle of St Albans</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Richard_Neville,_Earl_of_Warwick" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick">Earl of Warwick</a>'s army is defeated by a Lancastrian force under <a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Anjou" title="Margaret of Anjou">Queen Margaret</a>, who recovers control of her husband.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_March" class="mw-redirect" title="4 March">4 March</a> – The Duke of York seizes London and proclaims himself King <a href="/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward IV of England">Edward IV of England</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_March" class="mw-redirect" title="5 March">5 March</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England" title="Henry VI of England">Henry VI of England</a> is deposed by the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_York" title="Duke of York">Duke of York</a> during <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Roses" class="mw-redirect" title="War of the Roses">war of the Roses</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/29_March" class="mw-redirect" title="29 March">29 March</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Towton" title="Battle of Towton">Battle of Towton</a>: Edward IV defeats Queen Margaret to make good his claim to the English throne (thought to be the bloodiest battle ever fought in England).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/28_June" class="mw-redirect" title="28 June">28 June</a> – Edward, Richard of York's son, is crowned as <a href="/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward IV of England">Edward IV</a>, King of England (reigns until <a href="/wiki/1483" title="1483">1483</a>).</li> <li>July – <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> general <a href="/wiki/Graitzas_Palaiologos" title="Graitzas Palaiologos">Graitzas Palaiologos</a> honourably surrenders <a href="/wiki/Salmeniko_Castle" title="Salmeniko Castle">Salmeniko Castle</a>, last garrison of the <a href="/wiki/Despotate_of_the_Morea" title="Despotate of the Morea">Despotate of the Morea</a>, to invading forces of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> after a year-long siege.<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_in_1470.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Europe_in_1470.PNG/220px-Europe_in_1470.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Europe_in_1470.PNG/330px-Europe_in_1470.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Europe_in_1470.PNG/440px-Europe_in_1470.PNG 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="650" /></a><figcaption>Political map of Europe in 1470</figcaption></figure></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22_July" class="mw-redirect" title="22 July">22 July</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_XI_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XI of France">Louis XI of France</a> succeeds <a href="/wiki/Charles_VII_of_France" title="Charles VII of France">Charles VII of France</a> as king (reigns until <a href="/wiki/1483" title="1483">1483</a>).</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1462" title="1462">1462</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sonni_Ali" title="Sonni Ali">Sonni Ali Ber</a>, the ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Songhai_Empire" title="Songhai Empire">Songhai (or Songhay) Empire</a>, along the <a href="/wiki/Niger_River" title="Niger River">Niger River</a>, conquers <a href="/wiki/Mali_Empire" title="Mali Empire">Mali</a> in the central <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> by defeating the <a href="/wiki/Tuareg_people" title="Tuareg people">Tuareg</a> contingent at <a href="/wiki/Timbuktu" title="Timbuktu">Tombouctou</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Timbuktu" title="Timbuktu">Timbuktu</a>) and capturing the city. He develops both his own capital, <a href="/wiki/Gao" title="Gao">Gao</a>, and the main centres of Mali, Timbuktu and <a href="/wiki/Djenn%C3%A9" title="Djenné">Djenné</a>, into major cities. Ali Ber controls trade along the Niger River with a navy of war vessels.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1462" title="1462">1462</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_the_Conqueror" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmed the Conqueror">Mehmed the Conqueror</a> is driven back by <a href="/wiki/Wallachia" title="Wallachia">Wallachian</a> prince <a href="/wiki/Vlad_III_Dracula" class="mw-redirect" title="Vlad III Dracula">Vlad III Dracula</a> at <a href="/wiki/The_Night_Attack" class="mw-redirect" title="The Night Attack">The Night Attack</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1464" title="1464">1464</a>: <a href="/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward IV of England">Edward IV of England</a> secretly marries <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Woodville" title="Elizabeth Woodville">Elizabeth Woodville</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1465" title="1465">1465</a>: The <a href="/wiki/1465_Moroccan_revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="1465 Moroccan revolt">1465 Moroccan revolt</a> ends in the murder of the last <a href="/wiki/Marinid" class="mw-redirect" title="Marinid">Marinid</a> Sultan of Morocco <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Haqq_II" title="Abd al-Haqq II">Abd al-Haqq II</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1466" title="1466">1466</a>: Singhawikramawardhana, succeeds Girishawardhana as ruler of Majapahit.<sup id="cite_ref-RICKLEFSp18_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RICKLEFSp18-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1467" title="1467">1467</a>: <a href="/wiki/Uzun_Hasan" title="Uzun Hasan">Uzun Hasan</a> defeats the <a href="/wiki/Kara_Koyunlu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kara Koyunlu">Black Sheep Turkoman</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Jahan_Shah" title="Jahan Shah">Jahān Shāh</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1467" title="1467">1467</a>–1615: The <a href="/wiki/Sengoku_period" title="Sengoku period">Sengoku period</a> is one of civil war in Japan.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1469" title="1469">1469</a>: The marriage of <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon" title="Ferdinand II of Aragon">Ferdinand II of Aragon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isabella_I_of_Castile" title="Isabella I of Castile">Isabella I of Castile</a> leads to the unification of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>.<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Matthias_Corvinus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Matthias_Corvinus.jpg/170px-Matthias_Corvinus.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Matthias_Corvinus.jpg/255px-Matthias_Corvinus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Matthias_Corvinus.jpg/340px-Matthias_Corvinus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1470" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">renaissance</a> king <a href="/wiki/Matthias_Corvinus_of_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthias Corvinus of Hungary">Matthias Corvinus of Hungary</a>. His mercenary standing army (the <a href="/wiki/Black_Army_of_Hungary" title="Black Army of Hungary">Black Army</a>) had the strongest military potential of its era.</figcaption></figure></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1469" title="1469">1469</a>: <a href="/wiki/Matthias_Corvinus_of_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthias Corvinus of Hungary">Matthias Corvinus of Hungary</a> conquers some parts of <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1469" title="1469">1469</a>: Birth of <a href="/wiki/Guru_Nanak_Dev" class="mw-redirect" title="Guru Nanak Dev">Guru Nanak Dev</a>. Beside followers of <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a>, Guru Nanak is revered by <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Sufis" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim Sufis">Muslim Sufis</a> across the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1469" title="1469">1469</a>: Reign of <a href="/wiki/Axayacatl" title="Axayacatl">Axayacatl</a> begins in the <a href="/wiki/Aztec" class="mw-redirect" title="Aztec">Aztec</a> capital of <a href="/wiki/Tenochtitlan" title="Tenochtitlan">Tenochtitlan</a> as the sixth <i><a href="/wiki/Tlatoani" title="Tlatoani">tlatoani</a></i> and emperor of the <a href="/wiki/Aztec_Triple_Alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="Aztec Triple Alliance">Aztec Triple Alliance</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1470s"><a href="/wiki/1470s" title="1470s">1470s</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=15th_century&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 1470s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1470" title="1470">1470</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavian</a> forces under <a href="/wiki/Stephen_the_Great" title="Stephen the Great">Stephen the Great</a> defeat the Tatars of the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lipnic" title="Battle of Lipnic">Battle of Lipnic</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1471" title="1471">1471</a>: The kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Champa" title="Champa">Champa</a> suffers a massive defeat by the Vietnamese king <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_Th%C3%A1nh_T%C3%B4ng" title="Lê Thánh Tông">Lê Thánh Tông</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1472" title="1472">1472</a>: <a href="/wiki/Abu_Abd_Allah_al-Sheikh_Muhammad_ibn_Yahya" title="Abu Abd Allah al-Sheikh Muhammad ibn Yahya">Abu Abd Allah al-Sheikh Muhammad ibn Yahya</a> becomes the first <a href="/wiki/Wattasid_dynasty" title="Wattasid dynasty">Wattasid</a> Sultan of Morocco.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1474" title="1474">1474</a>–<a href="/wiki/1477" title="1477">1477</a>: <a href="/wiki/Burgundy_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Burgundy Wars">Burgundy Wars</a> of France, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lorraine_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lorraine (province)">Lorraine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Archduke_of_Austria" title="Sigismund, Archduke of Austria">Sigismund II of Habsburg</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bold" title="Charles the Bold">Charles the Bold</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Burgundy" title="Duchy of Burgundy">Duke of Burgundy</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1478" title="1478">1478</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Moscow" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duchy of Moscow">Muscovy</a> conquers <a href="/wiki/Novgorod" class="mw-redirect" title="Novgorod">Novgorod</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1478" title="1478">1478</a>: Reign of Singhawikramawardhana ends.<sup id="cite_ref-RICKLEFSp18_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RICKLEFSp18-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1478" title="1478">1478</a>: <a href="/wiki/Demak_Great_Mosque" title="Demak Great Mosque">The Great Mosque of Demak</a> is the oldest mosque in Java, built by the <a href="/wiki/Wali_Songo" class="mw-redirect" title="Wali Songo">Wali Songo</a> during the reign of Sultan <a href="/wiki/Raden_Patah" title="Raden Patah">Raden Patah</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1479" title="1479">1479</a>: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Breadfield" title="Battle of Breadfield">Battle of Breadfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matthias_Corvinus_of_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthias Corvinus of Hungary">Matthias Corvinus of Hungary</a> defeated the Turks.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1479" title="1479">1479</a>: <a href="/wiki/Vallabha" title="Vallabha">JagatGuru Vallabhacharya Ji Mahaprabhu</a> was born<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1480s"><a href="/wiki/1480s" title="1480s">1480s</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=15th_century&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 1480s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SiegeOfRhodes1480.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/SiegeOfRhodes1480.jpg/170px-SiegeOfRhodes1480.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/SiegeOfRhodes1480.jpg/255px-SiegeOfRhodes1480.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/SiegeOfRhodes1480.jpg/340px-SiegeOfRhodes1480.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1876" data-file-height="2806" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/1480s" title="1480s">The</a> <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rhodes_(1480)" title="Siege of Rhodes (1480)">Siege of Rhodes</a> (<a href="/wiki/1480" title="1480">1480</a>). Ships of the <a href="/wiki/Hospitaliers" class="mw-redirect" title="Hospitaliers">Hospitaliers</a> in the forefront, and Turkish camp in the background.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1480" title="1480">1480</a>: After the <a href="/wiki/Great_standing_on_the_Ugra_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Great standing on the Ugra river">Great standing on the Ugra river</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Moscow" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duchy of Moscow">Muscovy</a> gained independence from the <a href="/wiki/Great_Horde" title="Great Horde">Great Horde</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1481" title="1481">1481</a>: <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Inquisition" title="Spanish Inquisition">Spanish Inquisition</a> begins in practice with the first <i><a href="/wiki/Auto-da-f%C3%A9" title="Auto-da-fé">auto-da-fé</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1481" title="1481">1481</a>: Reign of <a href="/wiki/Tizoc" title="Tizoc">Tizoc</a> begins as the seventh <i><a href="/wiki/Tlatoani" title="Tlatoani">tlatoani</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Tenochtitlan" title="Tenochtitlan">Tenochtitlan</a> and the emperor of the <a href="/wiki/Aztec_Triple_Alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="Aztec Triple Alliance">Aztec Triple Alliance</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1482" title="1482">1482</a>: <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portuguese</a> navigator <a href="/wiki/Diogo_C%C3%A3o" title="Diogo Cão">Diogo Cão</a> becomes the first <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> to enter the <a href="/wiki/Congo_(river)" class="mw-redirect" title="Congo (river)">Congo</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1483" title="1483">1483</a>: <a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_Jews_from_Spain#The_expulsion_of_the_Jews_from_Andalusia_(1483)" title="Expulsion of Jews from Spain">The Jews are expelled from Andalusia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1483" title="1483">1483</a>: <a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a> moves inside <a href="/wiki/Neptune" title="Neptune">Neptune</a>'s orbit until <a href="/wiki/July_23" title="July 23">July 23</a>, <a href="/wiki/1503" title="1503">1503</a>, according to modern <a href="/wiki/Orbit" title="Orbit">orbital</a> calculations.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1484" title="1484">1484</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Caxton" title="William Caxton">William Caxton</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Printer_(publishing)" title="Printer (publishing)">printer</a> of books in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, prints his translation of <i><a href="/wiki/Aesop%27s_Fables" title="Aesop's Fables">Aesop's Fables</a></i> in London.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1485" title="1485">1485</a>: <a href="/wiki/Matthias_Corvinus_of_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthias Corvinus of Hungary">Matthias Corvinus of Hungary</a> captured <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor</a> ran away.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1485" title="1485">1485</a>: <a href="/wiki/Henry_VII_of_England" title="Henry VII of England">Henry VII</a> defeats <a href="/wiki/Richard_III_of_England" title="Richard III of England">Richard III</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bosworth" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Bosworth">Battle of Bosworth</a> and becomes King of England.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1485" title="1485">1485</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ivan_III_of_Russia" title="Ivan III of Russia">Ivan III of Russia</a> conquered <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Tver" title="Prince of Tver">Tver</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1485" title="1485">1485</a>: <a href="/wiki/Saluva_Narasimha_Deva_Raya" title="Saluva Narasimha Deva Raya">Saluva Narasimha Deva Raya</a> drives out <a href="/wiki/Praudha_Raya" title="Praudha Raya">Praudha Raya</a> ending the <a href="/wiki/Sangama_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Sangama Dynasty">Sangama Dynasty</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1486" title="1486">1486</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sher_Shah_Suri" title="Sher Shah Suri">Sher Shah Suri</a>, is born in <a href="/wiki/Sasaram" title="Sasaram">Sasaram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1486" title="1486">1486</a>: Reign of <a href="/wiki/Ahuitzotl" title="Ahuitzotl">Ahuitzotl</a> begins as the eighth <i><a href="/wiki/Tlatoani" title="Tlatoani">tlatoani</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Tenochtitlan" title="Tenochtitlan">Tenochtitlan</a> and emperor of the <a href="/wiki/Aztec_Triple_Alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="Aztec Triple Alliance">Aztec Triple Alliance</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1487" title="1487">1487</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hongzhi_Emperor" title="Hongzhi Emperor">Hongzhi Emperor</a> ascends the throne, bringing Confucian ideology under his administration.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1488" title="1488">1488</a>: Portuguese Navigator <a href="/wiki/Bartolomeu_Dias" title="Bartolomeu Dias">Bartolomeu Dias</a> sails around the <a href="/wiki/Cape_of_Good_Hope" title="Cape of Good Hope">Cape of Good Hope</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1490–1500"><span id="1490.E2.80.931500"></span><a href="/wiki/1490s" title="1490s">1490</a>–1500</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=15th_century&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 1490–1500"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1492" title="1492">1492</a>: The death of <a href="/wiki/Sonni_Ali" title="Sonni Ali">Sunni Ali Ber</a> left a leadership void in the <a href="/wiki/Songhai_Empire" title="Songhai Empire">Songhai Empire</a>, and his son was soon dethroned by <a href="/wiki/Askia_Muhammad_I" title="Askia Muhammad I">Mamadou Toure</a> who ascended the throne in 1493 under the name <a href="/wiki/Askia_Mohammad_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Askia Mohammad I">Askia</a> (meaning "general") Muhammad. Askia Muhammad made Songhai the largest empire in the history of West Africa. The empire went into decline, however, after 1528, when the now-blind Askia Muhammad was dethroned by his son, <a href="/wiki/Askia_Musa" title="Askia Musa">Askia Musa</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1492" title="1492">1492</a>: <a href="/wiki/Boabdil" class="mw-redirect" title="Boabdil">Boabdil</a>'s surrender of <a href="/wiki/Granada" title="Granada">Granada</a> marks the end of the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Al-Andalus</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1492" title="1492">1492</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon" title="Ferdinand II of Aragon">Ferdinand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isabella_I_of_Castile" title="Isabella I of Castile">Isabella</a> sign the <a href="/wiki/Alhambra_Decree" title="Alhambra Decree">Alhambra Decree</a>, expelling all <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> from Spain unless they convert to <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a>; 40,000–200,000 leave.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1492" title="1492">1492</a>: <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a> landed in the Americas from <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1493" title="1493">1493</a>: <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a> landed on modern-day <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1493" title="1493">1493</a>: <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a> creates the first known design for a <a href="/wiki/Helicopter" title="Helicopter">helicopter</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1494" title="1494">1494</a>: Spain and Portugal sign the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tordesillas" title="Treaty of Tordesillas">Treaty of Tordesillas</a> and agree to divide the World outside of Europe between themselves.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1494" title="1494">1494</a>–1559: The <a href="/wiki/Italian_Wars" title="Italian Wars">Italian Wars</a> lead to the downfall of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_city-states" title="Italian city-states">Italian city-states</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1495" title="1495">1495</a>: <a href="/wiki/Manuel_I_of_Portugal" title="Manuel I of Portugal">Manuel I of Portugal</a> was succeeded as the king of <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> (reigns until <a href="/wiki/1521" title="1521">1521</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1497" title="1497">1497</a>–<a href="/wiki/1499" title="1499">1499</a>: <a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama">Vasco da Gama</a>'s first voyage from <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> to <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and back.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1499" title="1499">1499</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Navy" title="Ottoman Navy">Ottoman fleet</a> defeats <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venetians</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zonchio" title="Battle of Zonchio">Battle of Zonchio</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1499" title="1499">1499</a>: University "Alcalá de Henares" in Madrid, Spain is built.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1499" title="1499">1499</a>: <a href="/wiki/Michelangelo" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Piet%C3%A0_(Michelangelo)" title="Pietà (Michelangelo)">Pietà</a> in St. Peter's Basilica is made in Rome</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1500" title="1500">1500</a>: Islam becomes the dominant religion across the Indonesian archipelago.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1500" title="1500">1500</a>: in an effort to increase his power. <a href="/wiki/Bolkiah" title="Bolkiah">Bolkiah</a> founded the city of <a href="/wiki/Selurong" class="mw-redirect" title="Selurong">Selurong</a>—later named <a href="/wiki/Maynila" class="mw-redirect" title="Maynila">Maynila</a>, on the other side of the <a href="/wiki/Pasig_River" title="Pasig River">Pasig River</a> shortly after taking over <a href="/wiki/Tondo_(historical_polity)" title="Tondo (historical polity)">Tondo</a> from its monarch, Lakan Gambang.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1500" title="1500">1500</a>: Around late 15th century <a href="/wiki/Bujangga_Manik" title="Bujangga Manik">Bujangga Manik</a> manuscript was composed, tell the story of Jaya Pakuan Bujangga Manik, a <a href="/wiki/Sunda_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunda kingdom">Sundanese</a> Hindu hermit journeys throughout Java and Bali.<sup id="cite_ref-Noorduyn_2006_437_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Noorduyn_2006_437-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1500" title="1500">1500</a>: <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles of Ghent</a> (future <a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord of the Netherlands">Lord of the Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Spain">King of Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archduke_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Archduke of Austria">Archduke of Austria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a>) was born.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1500" title="1500">1500</a>: <a href="/wiki/Guru_Nanak" title="Guru Nanak">Guru Nanak</a> begins the spreading of <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a>, the fifth-largest religion in the world.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1500" title="1500">1500</a>: <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spanish</a> navigator <a href="/wiki/Vicente_Y%C3%A1%C3%B1ez_Pinz%C3%B3n" title="Vicente Yáñez Pinzón">Vicente Yáñez Pinzón</a> encounters <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> but is prevented from claiming it by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tordesillas" title="Treaty of Tordesillas">Treaty of Tordesillas</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1500" title="1500">1500</a>: <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portuguese</a> navigator <a href="/wiki/Pedro_%C3%81lvares_Cabral" title="Pedro Álvares Cabral">Pedro Álvares Cabral</a> claims Brazil for Portugal.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1500" title="1500">1500</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Navy" title="Ottoman Navy">Ottoman fleet</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kemal_Reis" title="Kemal Reis">Kemal Reis</a> defeats the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venetians</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lepanto_(1500)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Lepanto (1500)">Second Battle of Lepanto</a>.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1274399246">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output 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"]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{outline:solid #d7d7d7 1px}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"></ul> </div></div></div></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=15th_century&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Masaccio,_cappella_brancacci,_san_pietro_in_cattedra._ritratto_di_filippo_brunelleschi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Filippo Brunelleschi (1377–1446), regarded as one of the greatest engineers and architects of all time"><img alt="Filippo Brunelleschi (1377–1446), regarded as one of the greatest engineers and architects of all time" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Masaccio%2C_cappella_brancacci%2C_san_pietro_in_cattedra._ritratto_di_filippo_brunelleschi.jpg/106px-Masaccio%2C_cappella_brancacci%2C_san_pietro_in_cattedra._ritratto_di_filippo_brunelleschi.jpg" decoding="async" width="106" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Masaccio%2C_cappella_brancacci%2C_san_pietro_in_cattedra._ritratto_di_filippo_brunelleschi.jpg/159px-Masaccio%2C_cappella_brancacci%2C_san_pietro_in_cattedra._ritratto_di_filippo_brunelleschi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Masaccio%2C_cappella_brancacci%2C_san_pietro_in_cattedra._ritratto_di_filippo_brunelleschi.jpg/212px-Masaccio%2C_cappella_brancacci%2C_san_pietro_in_cattedra._ritratto_di_filippo_brunelleschi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2106" data-file-height="2975" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Filippo_Brunelleschi" title="Filippo Brunelleschi">Filippo Brunelleschi</a> (1377–1446), regarded as one of the greatest engineers and architects of all time</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anonymous_portrait_of_Johannes_Gutenberg_dated_1440,_Gutenberg_Museum.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Johannes Gutenberg (1400–1468), German inventor who introduced printing to Europe with his mechanical movable-type printing press"><img alt="Johannes Gutenberg (1400–1468), German inventor who introduced printing to Europe with his mechanical movable-type printing press" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Anonymous_portrait_of_Johannes_Gutenberg_dated_1440%2C_Gutenberg_Museum.JPG/120px-Anonymous_portrait_of_Johannes_Gutenberg_dated_1440%2C_Gutenberg_Museum.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Anonymous_portrait_of_Johannes_Gutenberg_dated_1440%2C_Gutenberg_Museum.JPG/181px-Anonymous_portrait_of_Johannes_Gutenberg_dated_1440%2C_Gutenberg_Museum.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Anonymous_portrait_of_Johannes_Gutenberg_dated_1440%2C_Gutenberg_Museum.JPG/241px-Anonymous_portrait_of_Johannes_Gutenberg_dated_1440%2C_Gutenberg_Museum.JPG 2x" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="1234" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Gutenberg" title="Johannes Gutenberg">Johannes Gutenberg</a> (1400–1468), German inventor who introduced <a href="/wiki/Printing" title="Printing">printing</a> to Europe with his mechanical <a href="/wiki/Movable_type" title="Movable type">movable-type</a> <a href="/wiki/Printing_press" title="Printing press">printing press</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Skanderbeg_by_Antonio_Maria_Crespi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Skanderbeg (1405–1468), who led the Albanian resistance against the Ottoman Empire"><img alt="Skanderbeg (1405–1468), who led the Albanian resistance against the Ottoman Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Skanderbeg_by_Antonio_Maria_Crespi.jpg/128px-Skanderbeg_by_Antonio_Maria_Crespi.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Skanderbeg_by_Antonio_Maria_Crespi.jpg/192px-Skanderbeg_by_Antonio_Maria_Crespi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Skanderbeg_by_Antonio_Maria_Crespi.jpg/256px-Skanderbeg_by_Antonio_Maria_Crespi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="936" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg" title="Skanderbeg">Skanderbeg</a> (1405–1468), who led the Albanian resistance against the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ivan_III_of_Russia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ivan III of Russia (1440–1505), Grand Prince of Moscow who ended the dominance of the Tatars in the lands of the Rus"><img alt="Ivan III of Russia (1440–1505), Grand Prince of Moscow who ended the dominance of the Tatars in the lands of the Rus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Ivan_III_of_Russia.jpg/107px-Ivan_III_of_Russia.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Ivan_III_of_Russia.jpg/160px-Ivan_III_of_Russia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Ivan_III_of_Russia.jpg/214px-Ivan_III_of_Russia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2187" data-file-height="3068" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ivan_III_of_Russia" title="Ivan III of Russia">Ivan III of Russia</a> (1440–1505), Grand Prince of Moscow who ended the dominance of the Tatars in the lands of the Rus</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Richiii.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Richard III of England (1452–1485), the last king of the House of York and the last of the Plantagenet dynasty"><img alt="Richard III of England (1452–1485), the last king of the House of York and the last of the Plantagenet dynasty" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Richiii.jpg/93px-Richiii.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Richiii.jpg/140px-Richiii.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Richiii.jpg/187px-Richiii.jpg 2x" data-file-width="934" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Richard_III_of_England" title="Richard III of England">Richard III of England</a> (1452–1485), the last king of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_York" title="House of York">House of York</a> and the last of the <a href="/wiki/Plantagenet_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Plantagenet dynasty">Plantagenet dynasty</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_Seven_England.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="King Henry VII (1457–1509), the founder of the royal house of Tudor"><img alt="King Henry VII (1457–1509), the founder of the royal house of Tudor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Henry_Seven_England.jpg/104px-Henry_Seven_England.jpg" decoding="async" width="104" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Henry_Seven_England.jpg/156px-Henry_Seven_England.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Henry_Seven_England.jpg/208px-Henry_Seven_England.jpg 2x" data-file-width="408" data-file-height="589" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Henry_VII_of_England" title="Henry VII of England">King Henry VII</a> (1457–1509), the founder of the royal house of <a href="/wiki/Tudor_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Tudor dynasty">Tudor</a> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Inventions,_discoveries,_introductions"><span id="Inventions.2C_discoveries.2C_introductions"></span>Inventions, discoveries, introductions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=15th_century&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Inventions, discoveries, introductions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Science_and_inventions_of_Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Science and inventions of Leonardo da Vinci">Science and inventions of Leonardo da Vinci</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_historic_inventions#15th_century" title="Timeline of historic inventions">Timeline of historic inventions § 15th century</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> affects <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_Science_and_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Science and Technology">science</a> and <a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">art</a>.</li> <li>Rise of <a href="/wiki/Modern_English" title="Modern English">Modern English</a> language from <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a>.</li> <li>Introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Noon_bell" class="mw-redirect" title="Noon bell">noon bell</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> world.</li> <li>Public <a href="/wiki/History_of_banking" title="History of banking">banks</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongle_Encyclopedia" title="Yongle Encyclopedia">Yongle Encyclopedia</a>—over 22,000 volumes.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a> alphabet in <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch_whisky" title="Scotch whisky">Scotch whisky</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychiatric_hospital" title="Psychiatric hospital">Psychiatric hospitals</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (June 2015)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup>.</li> <li>Development of the <a href="/wiki/Woodcut" title="Woodcut">woodcut</a> for printing between <a href="/wiki/1400" title="1400">1400</a>–<a href="/wiki/1450" title="1450">1450</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movable_type" title="Movable type">Movable type</a> first used by King <a href="/wiki/Taejong_of_Joseon" title="Taejong of Joseon">Taejong of Joseon</a>—<a href="/wiki/1403" title="1403">1403</a>. (Movable type, which allowed individual characters to be arranged to form words, was invented in China by <a href="/wiki/Bi_Sheng" title="Bi Sheng">Bi Sheng</a> between 1041 and 1048.)</li> <li>Although pioneered earlier in Korea and by the Chinese official <a href="/wiki/Wang_Zhen_(official)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wang Zhen (official)">Wang Zhen</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">tin</a>), <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a> metal <a href="/wiki/Movable_type" title="Movable type">movable type</a> <a href="/wiki/Printing" title="Printing">printing</a> is created in China by <a href="/wiki/Hua_Sui" title="Hua Sui">Hua Sui</a> in <a href="/wiki/1490" title="1490">1490</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Gutenberg" title="Johannes Gutenberg">Johannes Gutenberg</a> advances the <a href="/wiki/Printing_press" title="Printing press">printing press</a> in Europe (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/1455" title="1455">1455</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_perspective" class="mw-redirect" title="Linear perspective">Linear perspective</a> drawing perfected by <a href="/wiki/Filippo_Brunelleschi" title="Filippo Brunelleschi">Filippo Brunelleschi</a> <a href="/wiki/1410" title="1410">1410</a>–<a href="/wiki/1415" title="1415">1415</a></li> <li>Invention of the <a href="/wiki/Harpsichord" title="Harpsichord">harpsichord</a> <span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/1450" title="1450">1450</a></span></li> <li>Arrival of <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a> in <a href="/wiki/1492" title="1492">1492</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=15th_century&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCrowley2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Crowley" title="Roger Crowley">Crowley, Roger</a> (2006). <i>Constantinople: The Last Great Siege, 1453</i>. Faber. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-571-22185-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-571-22185-8"><bdi>0-571-22185-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Constantinople%3A+The+Last+Great+Siege%2C+1453&rft.pub=Faber&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-571-22185-8&rft.aulast=Crowley&rft.aufirst=Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A15th+century" class="Z3988"></span> (reviewed by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoster2006" class="citation web cs1">Foster, Charles (22 September 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090822080420/http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-155920054.html">"The Conquestof Constantinople and the end of empire"</a>. <i>Contemporary Review</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-155920054.html">the original</a> on 22 August 2009. <q>It is the end of the Middle Ages</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Contemporary+Review&rft.atitle=The+Conquestof+Constantinople+and+the+end+of+empire&rft.date=2006-09-22&rft.aulast=Foster&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Fdoc%2F1G1-155920054.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A15th+century" class="Z3988"></span>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Britannica1_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Encyclopædia Britannica, <i>Renaissance</i>, 2008, O.Ed.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcLuhan1962">McLuhan 1962</a>; <a href="#CITEREFEisenstein1980">Eisenstein 1980</a>; <a href="#CITEREFFebvreMartin1997">Febvre & Martin 1997</a>; <a href="#CITEREFMan2002">Man 2002</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarvey200514-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarvey200514_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarvey2005">Harvey 2005</a>, p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nanda, J. N (2005). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Bengal: the unique state</i>. Concept Publishing Company. p. 10. 2005. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-8069-149-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-8069-149-2"><bdi>978-81-8069-149-2</bdi></a>. <q>Bengal [...] was rich in the production and export of grain, salt, fruit, liquors and wines, precious metals and ornaments besides the output of its handlooms in silk and cotton. Europe referred to Bengal as the richest country to trade with.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bengal%3A+the+unique+state&rft.pub=Concept+Publishing+Company.+p.+10.&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-81-8069-149-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A15th+century" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinstedt1948" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/R._O._Winstedt" class="mw-redirect" title="R. O. Winstedt">Winstedt, R. O.</a> (1948). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cuaMNAAACAAJ">"The Malay Founder of Medieval Malacca"</a>. <i>Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London</i>. <b>12</b> (3/4). <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a> on behalf of <a href="/wiki/School_of_Oriental_and_African_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="School of Oriental and African Studies">School of Oriental and African Studies</a>: <span class="nowrap">726–</span>729. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0041977X00083312">10.1017/S0041977X00083312</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/608731">608731</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+School+of+Oriental+and+African+Studies%2C+University+of+London&rft.atitle=The+Malay+Founder+of+Medieval+Malacca&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3%2F4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E726-%3C%2Fspan%3E729&rft.date=1948&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0041977X00083312&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F608731%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Winstedt&rft.aufirst=R.+O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcuaMNAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A15th+century" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-asia/imperial-china/ming-dynasty/a/an-introduction-to-the-ming-dynasty-13681644">"An introduction to the Ming dynasty (1368–1644)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Khan_Academy" title="Khan Academy">Khan Academy</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Asian_Art_Museum_(San_Francisco)" title="Asian Art Museum (San Francisco)">Asian Art Museum</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Khan+Academy&rft.atitle=An+introduction+to+the+Ming+dynasty+%281368%E2%80%931644%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.khanacademy.org%2Fhumanities%2Fart-asia%2Fimperial-china%2Fming-dynasty%2Fa%2Fan-introduction-to-the-ming-dynasty-13681644&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A15th+century" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Modern interpretation of the place names recorded by Chinese chronicles can be found e.g. in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epress.nus.edu.sg/msl/polities.html">Some Southeast Asian Polities Mentioned in the MSL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120712191241/http://www.epress.nus.edu.sg/msl/polities.html">Archived</a> 12 July 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by Geoffrey Wade</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://filipiknow.net/paduka-pahala-ancient-sulu-king-buried-in-china/">"Thousands in China are descendants of an ancient Filipino king. Here's how it happened"</a>. <i>Filipiknow</i>. 24 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Filipiknow&rft.atitle=Thousands+in+China+are+descendants+of+an+ancient+Filipino+king.+Here%27s+how+it+happened.&rft.date=2017-03-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffilipiknow.net%2Fpaduka-pahala-ancient-sulu-king-buried-in-china%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A15th+century" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210816052052/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/asiapacific/2018-11/09/c_137595006.htm">"New Sulu King research book by Chinese author debuts in Philippines"</a>. <i>Xinhuanet</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/asiapacific/2018-11/09/c_137595006.htm">the original</a> on 16 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Xinhuanet&rft.atitle=New+Sulu+King+research+book+by+Chinese+author+debuts+in+Philippines&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xinhuanet.com%2Fenglish%2Fasiapacific%2F2018-11%2F09%2Fc_137595006.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A15th+century" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RICKLEFSp18-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RICKLEFSp18_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RICKLEFSp18_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RICKLEFSp18_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RICKLEFSp18_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RICKLEFSp18_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RICKLEFSp18_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RICKLEFSp18_11-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ricklefs (1991), page 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pushtisanskar.org/about_shri_mahaprabhuji.php">"Shri Mahaprabhuji Shri Vallabhacharyaji Biography | Pushti Sanskar"</a>. <i>pushtisanskar.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pushtisanskar.org&rft.atitle=Shri+Mahaprabhuji+Shri+Vallabhacharyaji+Biography+%7C+Pushti+Sanskar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpushtisanskar.org%2Fabout_shri_mahaprabhuji.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A15th+century" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeinbach2019" class="citation web cs1">Leinbach, Thomas R. (20 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Indonesia/Religions">"Religions"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Religions&rft.date=2019-02-20&rft.aulast=Leinbach&rft.aufirst=Thomas+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FIndonesia%2FReligions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A15th+century" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaratingGalantaBacatio2014" class="citation book cs1">Carating, Rodelio B.; Galanta, Raymundo G.; Bacatio, Clarita D. (23 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sY7EBAAAQBAJ&dq=Brunei+%C2%A0Tondo&pg=PA31"><i>The Soils of the Philippines</i></a>. Springer Science & Business. p. 31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-94-017-8682-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-94-017-8682-9"><bdi>978-94-017-8682-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Soils+of+the+Philippines&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business&rft.date=2014-04-23&rft.isbn=978-94-017-8682-9&rft.aulast=Carating&rft.aufirst=Rodelio+B.&rft.au=Galanta%2C+Raymundo+G.&rft.au=Bacatio%2C+Clarita+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsY7EBAAAQBAJ%26dq%3DBrunei%2B%25C2%25A0Tondo%26pg%3DPA31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A15th+century" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Noorduyn_2006_437-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Noorduyn_2006_437_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoorduyn2006" class="citation book cs1">Noorduyn, J. (2006). <i>Three Old Sundanese poems</i>. KITLV Press. p. 437.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Three+Old+Sundanese+poems&rft.pages=437&rft.pub=KITLV+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Noorduyn&rft.aufirst=J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A15th+century" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=15th_century&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Langer, William. <i>An Encyclopedia of World History</i> (5th ed. 1973); highly detailed outline of events <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofwo00lang">online free</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFebvreMartin1997" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Febvre" title="Lucien Febvre">Febvre, Lucien</a>; <a href="/wiki/Henri-Jean_Martin" title="Henri-Jean Martin">Martin, Henri-Jean</a> (1997), <i>The Coming of the Book: The Impact of Printing 1450–1800</i>, London: Verso, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85984-108-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-85984-108-2"><bdi>1-85984-108-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Coming+of+the+Book%3A+The+Impact+of+Printing+1450%E2%80%931800&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Verso&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=1-85984-108-2&rft.aulast=Febvre&rft.aufirst=Lucien&rft.au=Martin%2C+Henri-Jean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A15th+century" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEisenstein1980" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_L._Eisenstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth L. Eisenstein">Eisenstein, Elizabeth L.</a> (1980), <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/printingpressasa0000eise"><i>The Printing Press as an Agent of Change</i></a></span>, Cambridge University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-29955-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-29955-1"><bdi>0-521-29955-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Printing+Press+as+an+Agent+of+Change&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-521-29955-1&rft.aulast=Eisenstein&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fprintingpressasa0000eise&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A15th+century" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTolley2001" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Tolley, Thomas (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont0000unse_r1z5">"Eyck, Barthélemy d'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a></span>. In Hugh Brigstocke (ed.). <i>The Oxford Companion to Western Art</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-866203-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-866203-3"><bdi>0-19-866203-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Eyck%2C+Barth%C3%A9lemy+d%27&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Western+Art&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-19-866203-3&rft.aulast=Tolley&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxfordcompaniont0000unse_r1z5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A15th+century" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarvey2005" class="citation book cs1">Harvey, L. P. (16 May 2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/muslimsinspain1500lple"><i>Muslims in Spain, 1500 to 1614</i></a></span>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-31963-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-31963-6"><bdi>978-0-226-31963-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muslims+in+Spain%2C+1500+to+1614&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2005-05-16&rft.isbn=978-0-226-31963-6&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=L.+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmuslimsinspain1500lple&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A15th+century" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMan2002" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/John_Man_(author)" title="John Man (author)">Man, John</a> (2002), <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gutenbergrevolut0000manj"><i>The Gutenberg Revolution: The Story of a Genius and an Invention that Changed the World</i></a></span>, London: Headline Review, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7472-4504-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7472-4504-9"><bdi>978-0-7472-4504-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gutenberg+Revolution%3A+The+Story+of+a+Genius+and+an+Invention+that+Changed+the+World&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Headline+Review&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7472-4504-9&rft.aulast=Man&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgutenbergrevolut0000manj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A15th+century" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLuhan1962" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Marshall_McLuhan" title="Marshall McLuhan">McLuhan, Marshall</a> (1962), <i>The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man</i> (1st ed.), University of Toronto Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-6041-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-6041-9"><bdi>978-0-8020-6041-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gutenberg+Galaxy%3A+The+Making+of+Typographic+Man&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1962&rft.isbn=978-0-8020-6041-9&rft.aulast=McLuhan&rft.aufirst=Marshall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A15th+century" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="MillenniaCenturiesDecadesYears209" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="MillenniaCenturiesDecadesYears209" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Millennia</li><li>Centuries</li><li>Decades</li><li>Years</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Decades_and_years37" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Decades_and_years" title="Template:Decades and years"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Decades_and_years" title="Template talk:Decades and years"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Decades_and_years" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Decades and years"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Decades_and_years37" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Decade" title="Decade">Decades</a> and <a href="/wiki/Year" title="Year">years</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>15th century</b><br /><small><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/13th_century" title="13th century">13th century</a> ← <a href="/wiki/14th_century" title="14th century">14th century</a> ← ↔ → <a href="/wiki/16th_century" title="16th century">16th century</a> → <a href="/wiki/17th_century" title="17th century">17th century</a></span></small> <table border="0" cellpadding="3" style="text-align: center; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background: #eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/1390s" title="1390s"><b>1390s</b></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffffff"><a href="/wiki/AD_1390" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1390">1390</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffffff"><a href="/wiki/AD_1391" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1391">1391</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffffff"><a href="/wiki/AD_1392" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1392">1392</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffffff"><a href="/wiki/AD_1393" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1393">1393</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffffff"><a href="/wiki/AD_1394" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1394">1394</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffffff"><a href="/wiki/AD_1395" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1395">1395</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffffff"><a href="/wiki/AD_1396" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1396">1396</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffffff"><a href="/wiki/AD_1397" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1397">1397</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffffff"><a href="/wiki/AD_1398" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1398">1398</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffffff"><a href="/wiki/AD_1399" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1399">1399</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffddcc"><a href="/wiki/1400s_(decade)" title="1400s (decade)"><b>1400s</b></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffffff"><a href="/wiki/AD_1400" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1400">1400</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1401" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1401">1401</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1402" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1402">1402</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1403" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1403">1403</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1404" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1404">1404</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1405" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1405">1405</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1406" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1406">1406</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1407" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1407">1407</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1408" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1408">1408</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1409" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1409">1409</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffddcc"><a href="/wiki/1410s" title="1410s"><b>1410s</b></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1410" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1410">1410</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1411" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1411">1411</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1412" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1412">1412</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1413" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1413">1413</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1414" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1414">1414</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1415" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1415">1415</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1416" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1416">1416</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1417" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1417">1417</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1418" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1418">1418</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1419" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1419">1419</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffddcc"><a href="/wiki/1420s" title="1420s"><b>1420s</b></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1420" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1420">1420</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1421" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1421">1421</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1422" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1422">1422</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1423" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1423">1423</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1424" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1424">1424</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1425" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1425">1425</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1426" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1426">1426</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1427" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1427">1427</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1428" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1428">1428</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1429" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1429">1429</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffddcc"><a href="/wiki/1430s" title="1430s"><b>1430s</b></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1430" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1430">1430</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1431" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1431">1431</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1432" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1432">1432</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1433" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1433">1433</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1434" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1434">1434</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1435" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1435">1435</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1436" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1436">1436</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1437" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1437">1437</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1438" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1438">1438</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1439" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1439">1439</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffddcc"><a href="/wiki/1440s" title="1440s"><b>1440s</b></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1440" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1440">1440</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1441" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1441">1441</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1442" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1442">1442</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1443" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1443">1443</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1444" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1444">1444</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1445" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1445">1445</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1446" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1446">1446</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1447" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1447">1447</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1448" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1448">1448</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1449" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1449">1449</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffddcc"><a href="/wiki/1450s" title="1450s"><b>1450s</b></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1450" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1450">1450</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1451" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1451">1451</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1452" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1452">1452</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1453" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1453">1453</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1454" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1454">1454</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1455" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1455">1455</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1456" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1456">1456</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1457" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1457">1457</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1458" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1458">1458</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1459" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1459">1459</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffddcc"><a href="/wiki/1460s" title="1460s"><b>1460s</b></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1460" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1460">1460</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1461" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1461">1461</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1462" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1462">1462</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1463" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1463">1463</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1464" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1464">1464</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1465" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1465">1465</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1466" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1466">1466</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1467" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1467">1467</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1468" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1468">1468</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1469" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1469">1469</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffddcc"><a href="/wiki/1470s" title="1470s"><b>1470s</b></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1470" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1470">1470</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1471" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1471">1471</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1472" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1472">1472</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1473" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1473">1473</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1474" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1474">1474</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1475" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1475">1475</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1476" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1476">1476</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1477" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1477">1477</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1478" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1478">1478</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1479" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1479">1479</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffddcc"><a href="/wiki/1480s" title="1480s"><b>1480s</b></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1480" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1480">1480</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1481" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1481">1481</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1482" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1482">1482</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1483" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1483">1483</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1484" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1484">1484</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1485" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1485">1485</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1486" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1486">1486</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1487" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1487">1487</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1488" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1488">1488</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1489" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1489">1489</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffddcc"><a href="/wiki/1490s" title="1490s"><b>1490s</b></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1490" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1490">1490</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1491" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1491">1491</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1492" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1492">1492</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1493" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1493">1493</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1494" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1494">1494</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1495" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1495">1495</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1496" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1496">1496</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1497" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1497">1497</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1498" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1498">1498</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1499" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1499">1499</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffddcc"><a href="/wiki/1500s_(decade)" title="1500s (decade)"><b>1500s</b></a> </td> <td style="background: #ffeedd"><a href="/wiki/AD_1500" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1500">1500</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffffff"><a href="/wiki/AD_1501" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1501">1501</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffffff"><a href="/wiki/AD_1502" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1502">1502</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffffff"><a href="/wiki/AD_1503" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1503">1503</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffffff"><a href="/wiki/AD_1504" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1504">1504</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffffff"><a href="/wiki/AD_1505" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1505">1505</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffffff"><a href="/wiki/AD_1506" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1506">1506</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffffff"><a href="/wiki/AD_1507" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1507">1507</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffffff"><a href="/wiki/AD_1508" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1508">1508</a> </td> <td style="background: #ffffff"><a href="/wiki/AD_1509" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1509">1509</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Centuries_and_millennia50" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Centuries" title="Template:Centuries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Centuries" title="Template talk:Centuries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Centuries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Centuries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Centuries_and_millennia50" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Century" title="Century">Centuries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Millennium" title="Millennium">millennia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table style="text-align:center;width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color:#efefef; width:10%;">Millennium</th> <th colspan="10" style="background-color:#efefef; width:90%;">Century</th> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="11" style="background-color:#ccf;">BC (BCE)</th> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:9%"><b><a href="/wiki/4th_millennium_BC" title="4th millennium BC">4th</a></b></td> <td style="width:9%"><a href="/wiki/40th_century_BC" title="40th century BC">40th</a></td> <td style="width:9%"><a href="/wiki/39th_century_BC" title="39th century BC">39th</a></td> <td style="width:9%"><a href="/wiki/38th_century_BC" title="38th century BC">38th</a></td> <td style="width:9%"><a href="/wiki/37th_century_BC" title="37th century BC">37th</a></td> <td style="width:9%"><a href="/wiki/36th_century_BC" title="36th century BC">36th</a></td> <td style="width:9%"><a href="/wiki/35th_century_BC" title="35th century BC">35th</a></td> <td style="width:9%"><a href="/wiki/34th_century_BC" title="34th century BC">34th</a></td> <td style="width:9%"><a href="/wiki/33rd_century_BC" title="33rd century BC">33rd</a></td> <td style="width:9%"><a href="/wiki/32nd_century_BC" title="32nd century BC">32nd</a></td> <td style="width:9%"><a href="/wiki/31st_century_BC" title="31st century BC">31st</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/3rd_millennium_BC" title="3rd millennium BC">3rd</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/30th_century_BC" title="30th century BC">30th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/29th_century_BC" title="29th century BC">29th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/28th_century_BC" title="28th century BC">28th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/27th_century_BC" title="27th century BC">27th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/26th_century_BC" title="26th century BC">26th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/25th_century_BC" title="25th century BC">25th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/24th_century_BC" title="24th century BC">24th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/23rd_century_BC" title="23rd century BC">23rd</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/22nd_century_BC" title="22nd century BC">22nd</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/21st_century_BC" title="21st century BC">21st</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium_BC" title="2nd millennium BC">2nd</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/20th_century_BC" title="20th century BC">20th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/19th_century_BC" title="19th century BC">19th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/18th_century_BC" title="18th century BC">18th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/17th_century_BC" title="17th century BC">17th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/16th_century_BC" title="16th century BC">16th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/15th_century_BC" title="15th century BC">15th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/14th_century_BC" title="14th century BC">14th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/13th_century_BC" title="13th century BC">13th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/12th_century_BC" title="12th century BC">12th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/11th_century_BC" title="11th century BC">11th</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/1st_millennium_BC" title="1st millennium BC">1st</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/10th_century_BC" title="10th century BC">10th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/9th_century_BC" title="9th century BC">9th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/8th_century_BC" title="8th century BC">8th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/7th_century_BC" title="7th century BC">7th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/6th_century_BC" title="6th century BC">6th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/5th_century_BC" title="5th century BC">5th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/4th_century_BC" title="4th century BC">4th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/3rd_century_BC" title="3rd century BC">3rd</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2nd_century_BC" title="2nd century BC">2nd</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1st_century_BC" title="1st century BC">1st</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="11" style="background-color:#ccf;">AD (CE)</th> </tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/1st_millennium" title="1st millennium">1st</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/1st_century" title="1st century">1st</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/2nd_century" title="2nd century">2nd</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/3rd_century" title="3rd century">3rd</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/4th_century" title="4th century">4th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/5th_century" title="5th century">5th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/6th_century" title="6th century">6th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/7th_century" title="7th century">7th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/8th_century" title="8th century">8th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/9th_century" title="9th century">9th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/10th_century" title="10th century">10th</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/11th_century" title="11th century">11th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/12th_century" title="12th century">12th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/13th_century" title="13th century">13th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/14th_century" title="14th century">14th</a></td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">15th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/16th_century" title="16th century">16th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/17th_century" title="17th century">17th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/18th_century" title="18th century">18th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/3rd_millennium" title="3rd millennium">3rd</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/21st_century" title="21st century">21st</a></td> 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