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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>로그인</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 로그아웃한 편집자를 위한 문서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C" aria-label="편집에 관해 더 알아보기"><span>더 알아보기</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%AC" title="이 IP 주소의 편집 목록 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>기여</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="현재 사용하는 IP 주소에 대한 토론 문서 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>토론</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="사이트"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="목차" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">목차</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">처음 위치</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-개요" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#개요"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>개요</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-개요-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-대외_관계" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#대외_관계"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>대외 관계</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-대외_관계-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-연표" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#연표"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>연표</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-연표-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-갤러리" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#갤러리"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>갤러리</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-갤러리-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-같이_보기" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#같이_보기"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>같이 보기</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-같이_보기-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="목차" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="목차 토글" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">목차 토글</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">막말</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="다른 언어로 문서를 방문합니다. 27개 언어로 읽을 수 있습니다" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27개 언어</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88" title="باكوماتسو – 아랍어" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="باكوماتسو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakumatsu" title="Bakumatsu – 카탈로니아어" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bakumatsu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="카탈로니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakumacu" title="Bakumacu – 체코어" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bakumacu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="체코어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakumatsu" title="Bakumatsu – 독일어" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bakumatsu" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%AC%CF%84%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Μπακουμάτσου – 그리스어" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπακουμάτσου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="그리스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakumatsu" title="Bakumatsu – 영어" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Bakumatsu" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakumacu" title="Bakumacu – 에스페란토어" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bakumacu" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="에스페란토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakumatsu" title="Bakumatsu – 스페인어" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bakumatsu" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="스페인어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="알찬 글"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88" title="باکوماتسو – 페르시아어" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="باکوماتسو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="페르시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakumatsu" title="Bakumatsu – 핀란드어" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bakumatsu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="핀란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakumatsu" title="Bakumatsu – 프랑스어" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bakumatsu" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="프랑스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakumatsu" title="Bakumatsu – 인도네시아어" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bakumatsu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="인도네시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakumatsu" title="Bakumatsu – 이탈리아어" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bakumatsu" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="이탈리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%95%E6%9C%AB" title="幕末 – 일본어" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="幕末" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="일본어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakumacu" title="Bakumacu – 리투아니아어" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bakumacu" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="리투아니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakumatsu" title="Bakumatsu – 말레이어" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bakumatsu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="말레이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakumatsu" title="Bakumatsu – 포르투갈어" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bakumatsu" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="포르투갈어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%83" title="Бакумацу – 러시아어" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бакумацу" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="러시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakumatsu" title="Bakumatsu – 알바니아어" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bakumatsu" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="알바니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%83_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Бакумацу период – 세르비아어" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бакумацу период" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="세르비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B6" title="บากูมัตสึ – 태국어" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บากูมัตสึ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="태국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakumatsu" title="Bakumatsu – 터키어" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bakumatsu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="터키어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%83" title="Бакумацу – 우크라이나어" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бакумацу" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="우크라이나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakumatsu" title="Bakumatsu – 베트남어" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bakumatsu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="베트남어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%95%E6%9C%AB" title="幕末 – 우어" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="幕末" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="우어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%95%E6%9C%AB" title="幕末 – 중국어" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="幕末" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="중국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%95%E6%9C%AB" title="幕末 – 광둥어" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="幕末" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="광둥어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q804558#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="언어 간 링크 편집" class="wbc-editpage">링크 편집</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="이름공간"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%89%EB%A7%90" title="본문 보기 [c]" accesskey="c"><span>문서</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0:%EB%A7%89%EB%A7%90" rel="discussion" title="문서의 내용에 대한 토론 문서 [t]" accesskey="t"><span>토론</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="언어 변종 바꾸기" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">한국어</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="보기"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q804558" title="데이터 저장소에 연결된 항목을 가리키는 링크 [g]" accesskey="g"><span>위키데이터 항목</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="페이지 도구"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="보이기"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">보이기</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A7%89%EB%B6%80_%EB%A7%90%EA%B8%B0&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="막부 말기">막부 말기</a>에서 넘어옴)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ko" dir="ltr"><p><span class="nowrap"></span> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Kurofune.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Kurofune.jpg/150px-Kurofune.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Kurofune.jpg/225px-Kurofune.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Kurofune.jpg/300px-Kurofune.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1076" data-file-height="988" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%ED%9D%91%EC%84%A0" title="흑선">흑선</a></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480591">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:720px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title vcard navbox-title" style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; color:#000000"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC" title="일본의 역사"><span style="color:#000000">일본의 역사</span></a><br /><span lang="ja">日本史</span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Chuurei-tou_Fujiyoshida_17025277650_c59733d6ba_o.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Chuurei-tou_Fujiyoshida_17025277650_c59733d6ba_o.jpg/250px-Chuurei-tou_Fujiyoshida_17025277650_c59733d6ba_o.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Chuurei-tou_Fujiyoshida_17025277650_c59733d6ba_o.jpg/375px-Chuurei-tou_Fujiyoshida_17025277650_c59733d6ba_o.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Chuurei-tou_Fujiyoshida_17025277650_c59733d6ba_o.jpg/500px-Chuurei-tou_Fujiyoshida_17025277650_c59733d6ba_o.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5004" data-file-height="3336" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; color:#000000">선사시대</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8%EC%9D%98_%EA%B5%AC%EC%84%9D%EA%B8%B0_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80" title="일본의 구석기 시대">구석기 시대</a> <span style="color:#aaa">기원전 35000년 ~ 기원전 14000년</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EB%AA%AC_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80" title="조몬 시대">조몬 시대</a> <span style="color:#aaa">기원전 14000년 ~ 기원전 300년</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%BC%EC%9A%94%EC%9D%B4_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80" title="야요이 시대">야요이 시대</a> <span style="color:#aaa">기원전 300년 ~ 서기 250년</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%82%98%EB%85%B8%EA%B5%AD" title="나노국">나노국</a> <span style="color:#aaa">1세기 ~ 3세기</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%BC%EB%A7%88%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4%EA%B5%AD" title="야마타이국">야마타이국</a> <span style="color:#aaa">1세기 ~ 3세기</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%98%EC%95%BC%ED%86%A0" title="하야토">하야토</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%A1%B0" title="에조">에조</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; color:#000000">고대</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%ED%9B%88_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80" title="고훈 시대">고훈 시대</a> <span style="color:#aaa">250년 ~ 538년</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%BC%EB%A7%88%ED%86%A0_%EC%A0%95%EA%B6%8C" title="야마토 정권">야마토 정권</a> <span style="color:#aaa">250년 ~ 710년</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%B4_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80" title="아스카 시대">아스카 시대</a> <span style="color:#aaa">538년 ~ 710년</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EC%9D%B4%EC%B9%B4_%EA%B0%9C%EC%8B%A0" title="다이카 개신">다이카 개신</a> <span style="color:#aaa">642년</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EC%9D%B4%ED%98%B8_%EC%9C%A8%EB%A0%B9" title="다이호 율령">다이호 율령</a> <span style="color:#aaa">701년</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%82%98%EB%9D%BC_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80" title="나라 시대">나라 시대</a> <span style="color:#aaa">710년 ~ 794년</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%97%A4%EC%9D%B4%EC%95%88_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80" title="헤이안 시대">헤이안 시대</a> <span style="color:#aaa">794년 ~ 1185년</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%99%95%EC%A1%B0%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80_(%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8%EC%82%AC)" title="왕조국가 (일본사)">왕조국가</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%AD%EA%B4%80%EC%A0%95%EC%B9%98" title="섭관정치">섭관정치</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%97%A4%EC%9D%B4%EC%8B%9C_%EC%A0%95%EA%B6%8C" title="헤이시 정권">헤이시 정권</a> <span style="color:#aaa">1167년 ~ 1185년</span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; color:#000000">중세</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EB%A7%88%EC%BF%A0%EB%9D%BC_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80" title="가마쿠라 시대">가마쿠라 시대</a> <span style="color:#aaa">1185년 ~ 1336년</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EB%A7%88%EC%BF%A0%EB%9D%BC_%EB%A7%89%EB%B6%80" title="가마쿠라 막부">가마쿠라 막부</a> <span style="color:#aaa">1192년 ~ 1333년</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%90%EB%AC%B4_%EC%8B%A0%EC%A0%95" title="겐무 신정">겐무 신정</a> <span style="color:#aaa">1333년 ~ 1336년</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%B4%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88%EC%B9%98_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80" title="무로마치 시대">무로마치 시대</a> <span style="color:#aaa">1336년 ~ 1573년</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%B4%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88%EC%B9%98_%EB%A7%89%EB%B6%80" title="무로마치 막부">무로마치 막부</a> <span style="color:#aaa">1336년 ~ 1573년</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%82%9C%EB%B3%B4%EC%BF%A0%EC%B4%88_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80" title="난보쿠초 시대">난보쿠초 시대</a> <span style="color:#aaa">1336년 ~ 1392년</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%82%A8%EC%A1%B0_(%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8)" title="남조 (일본)">남조</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%81%EC%A1%B0_(%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8)" title="북조 (일본)">북조</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%BC%EA%B3%A0%EC%BF%A0_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80" title="센고쿠 시대">센고쿠 시대</a> <span style="color:#aaa">1467년 ~ 1573년</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%98%B8%EC%86%8C%EC%B9%B4%EC%99%80_%EC%A0%95%EA%B6%8C_(%EC%84%BC%EA%B3%A0%EC%BF%A0_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80)" title="호소카와 정권 (센고쿠 시대)">호소카와 정권</a> <span style="color:#aaa">1493년 ~ 1549년</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EC%9A%94%EC%8B%9C_%EC%A0%95%EA%B6%8C" title="미요시 정권">미요시 정권</a> <span style="color:#aaa">1549년 ~ 1568년</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; color:#000000">근세</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%A6%88%EC%B9%98%EB%AA%A8%EB%AA%A8%EC%95%BC%EB%A7%88_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80" title="아즈치모모야마 시대">아즈치모모야마 시대</a> <span style="color:#aaa">1573년 ~ 1603년</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EB%8B%A4_%EC%A0%95%EA%B6%8C" title="오다 정권">오다 정권</a> <span style="color:#aaa">1573년 ~ 1583년</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9A%94%ED%86%A0%EB%AF%B8_%EC%A0%95%EA%B6%8C" title="도요토미 정권">도요토미 정권</a> <span style="color:#aaa">1585년 ~ 1603년</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%8F%84_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80" title="에도 시대">에도 시대</a> <span style="color:#aaa">1603년 ~1868년</span> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Flag_of_the_Tokugawa_Shogunate.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="에도 막부의 기" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Tokugawa_Shogunate.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Tokugawa_Shogunate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Tokugawa_Shogunate.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Tokugawa_Shogunate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_the_Tokugawa_Shogunate.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Tokugawa_Shogunate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%8F%84_%EB%A7%89%EB%B6%80" title="에도 막부">에도 막부</a> <span style="color:#aaa">1603년 ~ 1868년</span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">막말</a> <span style="color:#aaa">1853년 ~ 1868년</span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; color:#000000">근현대</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8_%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD" title="일본 제국"><img alt="일본 제국" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8_%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD" title="일본 제국">대일본제국</a> <span style="color:#aaa">1868년 ~ 1945년</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EC%9D%B4%EC%A7%80_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80" title="메이지 시대">메이지 시대</a> <span style="color:#aaa">1868년 ~ 1912년</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EC%9D%B4%EC%A7%80_%EC%9C%A0%EC%8B%A0" title="메이지 유신">메이지 유신</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EC%9D%B4%EC%87%BC_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80" title="다이쇼 시대">다이쇼 시대</a> <span style="color:#aaa">1912년 ~ 1926년</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EC%9D%B4%EC%87%BC_%EB%8D%B0%EB%AA%A8%ED%81%AC%EB%9D%BC%EC%8B%9C" title="다이쇼 데모크라시">다이쇼 데모크라시</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%87%BC%EC%99%80_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80" title="쇼와 시대">전전 쇼와 시대</a> <span style="color:#aaa">1927년 ~ 1952년</span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8" title="일본"><img alt="일본" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8" title="일본">일본국</a> <span style="color:#aaa">1945년 ~ 현재</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%B0%ED%95%A9%EA%B5%B0_%EC%A0%90%EB%A0%B9%ED%95%98_%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8" title="연합군 점령하 일본">연합군 점령하 일본</a> <span style="color:#aaa">1945년 ~ 1952년</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%ED%9B%84_%EC%87%BC%EC%99%80_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80" class="mw-redirect" title="전후 쇼와 시대">전후 쇼와 시대</a> <span style="color:#aaa">1952년 ~ 1989년</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%97%A4%EC%9D%B4%EC%84%B8%EC%9D%B4_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80" title="헤이세이 시대">헤이세이 시대</a> <span style="color:#aaa">1989년 ~ 2019년</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%83%EC%96%B4%EB%B2%84%EB%A6%B0_10%EB%85%84_(%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8)" class="mw-redirect" title="잃어버린 10년 (일본)">잃어버린 10년</a> <span style="color:#aaa">1991년 ~ 2000년</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%EC%99%80_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80" title="레이와 시대">레이와 시대</a> <span style="color:#aaa">2019년 ~ 현재</span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center; color:#000000">주제별 역사</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8%EC%9D%98_%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%EC%82%AC" title="일본의 경제사">경제사</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8%EC%9D%98_%EA%B5%B0%EC%82%AC%EC%82%AC" title="일본의 군사사">군사사</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8%EC%9D%98_%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94" title="일본의 문화">문화사</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8%EC%96%B4%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="일본어의 역사 (없는 문서)">언어사</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8%EC%9D%98_%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99%EC%82%AC" title="일본의 과학사">과학·기술사</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8_%EC%B2%9C%ED%99%A9_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D" title="일본 천황 목록">역대 천황</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="border-top:1px solid #ccc;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r34311309">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-보기"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC" title="틀:일본의 역사"><abbr title="이 틀을 보기">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-토론"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0:%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC" title="틀토론:일본의 역사"><abbr title="이 틀에 관해 토론하기">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-편집"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C%ED%8E%B8%EC%A7%91/%ED%8B%80:%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC" title="특수:문서편집/틀:일본의 역사"><abbr title="이 틀을 편집하기">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>막말</b>(<span style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8%EC%96%B4" title="일본어">일본어</a>: </span><span lang="ja">幕末</span> <small>바쿠마쓰<sup>[<a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8%EC%96%B4%EC%9D%98_%ED%95%9C%EA%B8%80_%ED%91%9C%EA%B8%B0" title="위키백과:일본어의 한글 표기">*</a>]</sup></small>) 시대란 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC" title="일본의 역사">일본 역사</a>에서 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%8F%84_%EB%A7%89%EB%B6%80" title="에도 막부">에도 막부</a> 말기를 가리킨다. 일반적으로 <a href="/wiki/1853%EB%85%84" title="1853년">1853년</a> <a href="/wiki/6%EC%9B%94_3%EC%9D%BC" title="6월 3일">6월 3일</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%9D%91%EC%84%A0_%EB%82%B4%ED%95%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="흑선 내항">흑선 내항</a>에서 메이지 정부군이 <a href="/wiki/1868%EB%85%84" title="1868년">1868년</a> <a href="/wiki/5%EC%9B%94_3%EC%9D%BC" title="5월 3일">5월 3일</a> <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%8F%84%EC%84%B1" title="에도성">에도성에 무혈 입성</a>하여 막부가 붕괴할 때까지 15년 간을 가리킨다. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="개요"><span id=".EA.B0.9C.EC.9A.94"></span>개요</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A7%89%EB%A7%90&action=edit&section=1" title="부분 편집: 개요"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>막말이라는 시기 구분에 관한 엄밀한 정의는 없다. <a href="/wiki/1853%EB%85%84" title="1853년">1853년</a> <a href="/wiki/6%EC%9B%94_3%EC%9D%BC" title="6월 3일">6월 3일</a> ‘<a href="/wiki/%ED%9D%91%EC%84%A0_%EB%82%B4%ED%95%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="흑선 내항">흑선 내항</a>’, 즉 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%A4%ED%8A%9C_%ED%8E%98%EB%A6%AC" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="매튜 페리">매튜 페리</a>가 이끄는 미국 해군 함대 내항부터 <a href="/wiki/1867%EB%85%84" title="1867년">1867년</a> <a href="/wiki/1%EC%9B%94_9%EC%9D%BC" title="1월 9일">1월 9일</a> 막부의 마지막 쇼군 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%BF%A0%EA%B0%80%EC%99%80_%EC%9A%94%EC%8B%9C%EB%85%B8%EB%B6%80" title="도쿠가와 요시노부">도쿠가와 요시노부</a>(徳川慶喜)가 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EC%A0%95%EB%B4%89%ED%99%98" title="대정봉환">대정봉환</a>을 행하여 막부가 일본 전국 정권으로서 지위를 잃고, 다음해인 <a href="/wiki/1868%EB%85%84" title="1868년">1868년</a> <a href="/wiki/5%EC%9B%94_3%EC%9D%BC" title="5월 3일">5월 3일</a>에 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EC%9D%B4%EC%A7%80_%EC%A0%95%EB%B6%80" class="mw-redirect" title="메이지 정부">메이지 정부</a>군이 막부의 본거 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%8F%84%EC%84%B1" title="에도성">에도성</a>에 무혈입성하여 막부 붕괴가 확실해진 때까지를 막부 말기로 보는 견해가 일반적이다. 이외에도 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EC%A0%95%EB%B4%89%ED%99%98" title="대정봉환">대정봉환</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%8F%84_%EB%A7%89%EB%B6%80" title="에도 막부">에도 막부</a>군과 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EC%9D%B4%EC%A7%80_%EC%A0%95%EB%B6%80" class="mw-redirect" title="메이지 정부">메이지 정부</a>군의 전쟁인 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EC%8B%A0_%EC%A0%84%EC%9F%81" title="보신 전쟁">보신 전쟁</a>의 <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%98%EC%BD%94%EB%8B%A4%ED%85%8C_%ED%95%B4%EC%A0%84" title="하코다테 해전">하코다테 전투</a>의 종결(<a href="/wiki/1869%EB%85%84" title="1869년">1869년</a>), <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%89%EB%B2%88%EC%B2%B4%EC%A0%9C" title="막번체제">막번체제</a>가 완전히 폐지된 <a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%90%EB%B2%88%EC%B9%98%ED%98%84" title="폐번치현">폐번치현</a>(<a href="/wiki/1871%EB%85%84" title="1871년">1871년</a> <a href="/wiki/8%EC%9B%94_29%EC%9D%BC" title="8월 29일">8월 29일</a>) 등을 끝으로 보는 견해도 있다. </p><p>에도 시대 말기에 가장 두드러지는 두 세력은 개혁파와 막부파였지만, 당시 일본에는 이 외에도 다양한 세력이 있었고 서로 권력을 잡기 위하여 분투했다. 게다가 도자마 다이묘들이 점차 막부에 반기를 들기 시작하고, <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%A4%EC%8A%88_%EC%BA%98%EB%B8%8C%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%EB%93%9C_%ED%8E%98%EB%A6%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="매슈 캘브레이드 페리">페리 제독</a>이 도착한 이래 낯선 서구 열강에 대한 적개심이 점차 일본인들 속에서 자라나며 막부 말기 당시 일본은 점차 혼란에 빠져들고 있었다. 특히 도자마 다이묘들은 세키가하라 전투 이래 에도 막부에게 패하고 변방으로 내쫓긴 다이묘 세력들이었던 터라, 막부가 점차 흔들리기 시작하자 곧바로 반란을 준비하였다. 이들은 점차 힘을 모아 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B4%EC%99%95%EC%96%91%EC%9D%B4" title="존왕양이">존왕양이</a>를 명분으로 내세웠고, 막부 힘을 끊임없이 갉아먹었다. 결국 막부는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EC%8B%A0_%EC%A0%84%EC%9F%81" title="보신 전쟁">보신 전쟁</a>에서 개혁파와 도자마 다이묘들에게 대패하였고, 이로서 에도 막부가 드디어 막을 내리게 되었다. </p><p>막말은 도쿠가와 쇼군 가문의 당주가 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%95%EC%9D%B4%EB%8C%80%EC%9E%A5%EA%B5%B0" title="정이대장군">정이대장군</a>에 취임하여 모든 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EC%9D%B4%EB%AC%98" title="다이묘">다이묘</a>를 통솔하고 막부의 주재자로서 군림하는 바쿠한 체제가 쇠퇴해간 시기다. 한편, <a href="/wiki/%EC%87%84%EA%B5%AD_%EC%A0%95%EC%B1%85" class="mw-redirect" title="쇄국 정책">쇄국 정책</a>을 포기하고 개항하여, 외국과 <a href="/wiki/%ED%86%B5%EC%83%81" class="mw-redirect" title="통상">통상</a><a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%B4%EC%97%AD" title="무역">무역</a>을 개시하여 일본이 세계적인 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EB%B3%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="자본주의">자본주의</a> <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EC%9E%A5%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="시장경제">시장경제</a>와 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="제국주의">제국주의</a>체제에 편입해서 사회 자체가 극적으로 변화한 발단이기도 하다. </p><p>막부 말기 시대 상황은 많은 문학 작품에서 묘사한다. 그 예로 <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%A7%88%EC%9E%90%ED%82%A4_%EB%8F%84%EC%86%90" title="시마자키 도손">시마자키 도손</a>의 장편 소설 《새벽이 오기 전》(夜明け前) 등을 들 수 있다. 정치적 측면에서 막부 말기는 단지 과도기에 불과한 시기로 간주하지만, 이전 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%8F%84_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80" title="에도 시대">에도 시대</a>와 이후 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EC%9D%B4%EC%A7%80_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80" title="메이지 시대">메이지 시대</a>와 다른 독자적인 정치 체제가 존재한 시기로 보는 견해도 있다. </p><p>막말 사상은 막번체제의 근거를 뒷받침하는 것과, 반대로 막번체제를 비판하는 것, 또는 체제를 대신하여 성립할 수 있는 국가상을 모색하는 게 주를 이루었다. 더욱이 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8_%EC%B2%9C%ED%99%A9" title="일본 천황">일본 천황</a>과 쇼군이라는 권위와 권력의 원천에 관해서도 새로운 의미를 부여하려는 시도가 많았던 게 큰 특징 중 하나다. 이 시기에 크게 성행하여 가장 큰 영향력을 미친 사상 조류로는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B4%EC%99%95%EC%96%91%EC%9D%B4" title="존왕양이">존왕양이</a>(尊王攘夷) 사상이다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="대외_관계"><span id=".EB.8C.80.EC.99.B8_.EA.B4.80.EA.B3.84"></span>대외 관계</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A7%89%EB%A7%90&action=edit&section=2" title="부분 편집: 대외 관계"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>막말을 특징 짓는 요소가 서양 열강과 막부가 체결한 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%88%ED%8F%89%EB%93%B1_%EC%A1%B0%EC%95%BD" title="불평등 조약">불평등 조약</a>이다. <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%BF%A0%EA%B0%80%EC%99%80_%EB%A7%89%EB%B6%80" class="mw-redirect" title="도쿠가와 막부">도쿠가와 막부</a>가 체결한 조약은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8_%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD" title="일본 제국">일본 제국</a>에 계승되어 일본 제국은 <a href="/wiki/1868%EB%85%84" title="1868년">1868년</a>부터 <a href="/wiki/1911%EB%85%84" title="1911년">1911년</a>까지 불평등 조약의 철폐를 외교정책의 지상 명제로 삼았다. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1854%EB%85%84" title="1854년">1854년</a> <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EC%9D%BC_%ED%99%94%EC%B9%9C_%EC%A1%B0%EC%95%BD" title="미일 화친 조약">미일 화친 조약</a>을 시작으로 <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EA%B5%AD" title="영국">영국</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%9F%AC%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84_%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD" title="러시아 제국">러시아 제국</a> 등과의 불평등 조약이 연이어 체결되었다. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1860%EB%85%84" title="1860년">1860년</a>, 일본 최초로 미국에 대한 외교단이 파견되었다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="연표"><span id=".EC.97.B0.ED.91.9C"></span>연표</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A7%89%EB%A7%90&action=edit&section=3" title="부분 편집: 연표"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1853%EB%85%84" title="1853년">1853년</a>: <a href="/wiki/%ED%9D%91%EC%84%A0_%EB%82%B4%ED%95%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="흑선 내항">페리 함대 내항</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1854%EB%85%84" title="1854년">1854년</a>: <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EC%9D%BC_%ED%99%94%EC%B9%9C_%EC%A1%B0%EC%95%BD" title="미일 화친 조약">미일 화친 조약</a>(日米和親条約) 체결</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1855%EB%85%84" title="1855년">1855년</a>: <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%88%EC%84%B8%EC%9D%B4_%EB%8C%80%EC%98%A5" title="안세이 대옥">안세이 대옥</a>(安政の大獄)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860%EB%85%84" title="1860년">1860년</a>: <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%BF%A0%EB%9D%BC%EB%8B%A4_%EB%AC%B8_%EB%B0%96%EC%9D%98_%EB%B3%80" class="mw-redirect" title="사쿠라다 문 밖의 변">사쿠라다 문 밖의 변</a>(桜田門外の変)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1862%EB%85%84" title="1862년">1862년</a>: <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%B9%B4%EC%8B%9C%ED%83%80_%EB%AC%B8_%EB%B0%96%EC%9D%98_%EB%B3%80" class="mw-redirect" title="사카시타 문 밖의 변">사카시타 문 밖의 변</a>(坂下門外の変)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1862%EB%85%84" title="1862년">1862년</a> <a href="/wiki/5%EC%9B%94_29%EC%9D%BC" title="5월 29일">5월 29일</a>: <a href="/wiki/%EB%8D%B0%EB%9D%BC%EB%8B%A4%EC%95%BC_%EC%82%AC%EA%B1%B4" title="데라다야 사건">데라다야 사건</a>(寺田屋事件)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1862%EB%85%84" title="1862년">1862년</a> <a href="/wiki/9%EC%9B%94_14%EC%9D%BC" title="9월 14일">9월 14일</a>: <a href="/wiki/%EB%82%98%EB%A7%88%EB%AC%B4%EA%B8%B0_%EC%82%AC%EA%B1%B4" title="나마무기 사건">나마무기 사건</a>(生麦事件)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1862%EB%85%84" title="1862년">1862년</a> <a href="/wiki/8%EC%9B%94" title="8월">8월</a>: <a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%ED%81%90%EC%9D%98_%EA%B0%9C%ED%98%81" class="mw-redirect" title="분큐의 개혁">분큐의 개혁</a>(文久の改革)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1863%EB%85%84" title="1863년">1863년</a> <a href="/wiki/8%EC%9B%94_15%EC%9D%BC" title="8월 15일">8월 15일</a> ~ <a href="/wiki/8%EC%9B%94_17%EC%9D%BC" title="8월 17일">8월 17일</a>: <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%93%B0%EC%97%90%EC%9D%B4_%EC%A0%84%EC%9F%81" title="사쓰에이 전쟁">사쓰에이 전쟁</a>(薩英戦争)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1863%EB%85%84" title="1863년">1863년</a> <a href="/wiki/9%EC%9B%94_30%EC%9D%BC" title="9월 30일">9월 30일</a>: <a href="/wiki/8%EC%9B%94_18%EC%9D%BC%EC%9D%98_%EC%A0%95%EB%B3%80" title="8월 18일의 정변">8월 18일의 정변</a>(八月十八日の政変)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864%EB%85%84" title="1864년">1864년</a> <a href="/wiki/7%EC%9B%94_8%EC%9D%BC" title="7월 8일">7월 8일</a>: <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%BC%80%EB%8B%A4%EC%95%BC_%EC%82%AC%EA%B1%B4" title="이케다야 사건">이케다야 사건</a>(池田屋事件)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864%EB%85%84" title="1864년">1864년</a> <a href="/wiki/8%EC%9B%94_20%EC%9D%BC" title="8월 20일">8월 20일</a>: <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%88%EB%AC%B8%EC%9D%98_%EB%B3%80" title="금문의 변">금문의 변</a>(禁門の変)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864%EB%85%84" title="1864년">1864년</a>: <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%8A%88_%EC%A0%95%EB%B2%8C" title="조슈 정벌">제1차 조슈 정벌</a>(第一次長州征討)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1866%EB%85%84" title="1866년">1866년</a> <a href="/wiki/3%EC%9B%94_7%EC%9D%BC" title="3월 7일">3월 7일</a>: <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%BF%EC%B4%88_%EB%8F%99%EB%A7%B9" title="삿초 동맹">삿초 동맹</a>(薩長同盟) 결성</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1866%EB%85%84" title="1866년">1866년</a>: <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%8A%88_%EC%A0%95%EB%B2%8C" title="조슈 정벌">제2차 조슈 정벌</a>(第二次長州征討)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1867%EB%85%84" title="1867년">1867년</a> <a href="/wiki/11%EC%9B%94_9%EC%9D%BC" title="11월 9일">11월 9일</a>: <a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EC%A0%95%EB%B4%89%ED%99%98" title="대정봉환">대정봉환</a>(大政奉還)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868%EB%85%84" title="1868년">1868년</a> <a href="/wiki/1%EC%9B%94_3%EC%9D%BC" title="1월 3일">1월 3일</a>: <a href="/wiki/%EC%99%95%EC%A0%95_%EB%B3%B5%EA%B3%A0%EC%9D%98_%EB%8C%80%ED%98%B8%EB%A0%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="왕정 복고의 대호령">왕정 복고의 대호령</a>(王政復古の大号令), <a href="/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EC%9D%B4%EC%A7%80_%EC%9C%A0%EC%8B%A0" title="메이지 유신">메이지 유신</a>의 시작</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868%EB%85%84" title="1868년">1868년</a> ~ <a href="/wiki/1869%EB%85%84" title="1869년">1869년</a>: <a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EC%8B%A0_%EC%A0%84%EC%9F%81" title="보신 전쟁">보신 전쟁</a>(戊辰戦争)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868%EB%85%84" title="1868년">1868년</a> <a href="/wiki/5%EC%9B%94_3%EC%9D%BC" title="5월 3일">5월 3일</a>: <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%8F%84_%EA%B0%9C%EC%84%B1" title="에도 개성">에도 성 무혈 개성</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="갤러리"><span id=".EA.B0.A4.EB.9F.AC.EB.A6.AC"></span>갤러리</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A7%89%EB%A7%90&action=edit&section=4" title="부분 편집: 갤러리"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Tokugawa_yoshinobu.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="막부 쇼군 도쿠가와 요시노부"><img alt="막부 쇼군 도쿠가와 요시노부" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Tokugawa_yoshinobu.jpg/97px-Tokugawa_yoshinobu.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Tokugawa_yoshinobu.jpg/146px-Tokugawa_yoshinobu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Tokugawa_yoshinobu.jpg/195px-Tokugawa_yoshinobu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1233" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">막부 쇼군 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%BF%A0%EA%B0%80%EC%99%80_%EC%9A%94%EC%8B%9C%EB%85%B8%EB%B6%80" title="도쿠가와 요시노부">도쿠가와 요시노부</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Meiji_tenno3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="즉위 초기의 메이지 천황"><img alt="즉위 초기의 메이지 천황" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Meiji_tenno3.jpg/82px-Meiji_tenno3.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Meiji_tenno3.jpg/122px-Meiji_tenno3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Meiji_tenno3.jpg/163px-Meiji_tenno3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="936" data-file-height="1374" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">즉위 초기의 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EC%9D%B4%EC%A7%80_%EC%B2%9C%ED%99%A9" title="메이지 천황">메이지 천황</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="같이_보기"><span id=".EA.B0.99.EC.9D.B4_.EB.B3.B4.EA.B8.B0"></span>같이 보기</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A7%89%EB%A7%90&action=edit&section=5" title="부분 편집: 같이 보기"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%ED%8E%B8_%EC%A0%84%EC%9F%81" title="아편 전쟁">아편 전쟁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%9C%ED%8F%89%EC%B2%9C%EA%B5%AD" title="태평천국">태평천국</a>(동시대 중국)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36429174">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output 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