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<!DOCTYPE html> <html xml:lang="en-gb" lang="en-gb" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, shrink-to-fit=no"> <base href="https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2007/16/aa6148-06/aa6148-06.html" /> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <meta name="keywords" content="Astronomy & Astrophysics, A&A, ESO, EDP Sciences" /> <meta name="robots" content="index, follow, noarchive" /> <meta name="description" content="Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A) is an international journal which publishes papers on all aspects of astronomy and astrophysics" /> <title>The VLT-FLAMES survey of massive stars: surface chemical compositions of B-type stars in the Magellanic Clouds | Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A)</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/libraries/jquery/jquery.multiselect.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/libraries/jquery/jquery.qtip/jquery.qtip.min.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/libraries/jquery/jquery.magnific-popup.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.12.0/themes/smoothness/jquery-ui.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/template1/css/com_article.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/template1/css/com_article_hljs_github.min.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/template1/css/mod_article_bookmarking.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/template1/css/mod_article_purchase.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/template1/css/mod_solr.css" type="text/css" /> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/plugins/system/jqueryeasy/jquerynoconflict.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.12.0/jquery-ui.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/libraries/jquery/jquery.multiselect.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/libraries/jquery/jquery.magnific-popup.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/libraries/jquery/jquery.qtip/jquery.qtip.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://www.aanda.org/components/com_article/assets/js/highlight/highlight.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://www.aanda.org/components/com_article/assets/js/article.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://www.aanda.org/components/com_article/assets/js/highlight/highlight.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-S2LKMZBHJL" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/modules/mod_article_bookmarking/assets/js/bookmarking.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/libraries/jquery/jquery.autocomplete.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var ARTICLE_CLICK_VIEW = "Click to view fullscreen"; var ARTICLE_CLICK_HIDE = "Click anywhere to hide the fullscreen overlay"; var ARTICLE_CLICK_MOVIE = "Click to play the movie"; var COM_ARTICLE_DISPLAY_EQUATION_AS = "Display equations as"; var COM_ARTICLE_COPY_IN_CLIPBOARD = "LaTeX copied in clipboard!"; const MATHML_DISPLAY = "disabled"; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag() {dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('consent', 'default', { 'ad_storage': 'denied', 'ad_user_data': 'denied', 'ad_personalization': 'denied', 'analytics_storage': 'denied', 'wait_for_update': 500 }); gtag('config', 'G-S2LKMZBHJL', { 'edpsname': 'aa', 'site_name': 'Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A)', 'plateform': 'journal', 'plateform_type': 'edp', 'server_host': 'ovh-france' });gtag('config', 'G-T2TE0Y7XE9', { 'edpsname': 'aa', 'site_name': 'Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A)', 'plateform': 'journal', 'plateform_type': 'edp', 'server_host': 'ovh-france' });gtag('config', 'user_properties', { 'edpsname': 'aa', 'site_name': 'Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A)', 'plateform': 'journal', 'plateform_type': 'edp', 'server_host': 'ovh-france' }); </script> <link title="schema(PRISM)" rel="schema.prism" href="http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/1.2/basic/"> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Astronomy & Astrophysics"> <meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="A&A"> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="EDP Sciences"> <meta name="citation_author" content="I. Hunter"> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Queen's University of Belfast, BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK e-mail: I.Hunter@qub.ac.uk"> <meta name="citation_author" content="P. L. Dufton"> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Queen's University of Belfast, BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK e-mail: I.Hunter@qub.ac.uk"> <meta name="citation_author" content="S. J. Smartt"> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Queen's University of Belfast, BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK e-mail: I.Hunter@qub.ac.uk"> <meta name="citation_author" content="R. S. I. Ryans"> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Queen's University of Belfast, BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK e-mail: I.Hunter@qub.ac.uk"> <meta name="citation_author" content="C. J. Evans"> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, UK"> <meta name="citation_author" content="D. J. Lennon"> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="The Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes, Apartado de Correos 321, 38700 Santa Cruz de La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain"> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain"> <meta name="citation_author" content="C. Trundle"> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Queen's University of Belfast, BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK e-mail: I.Hunter@qub.ac.uk"> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain"> <meta name="citation_author" content="I. Hubeny"> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85712, USA"> <meta name="citation_author" content="T. Lanz"> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA"> <meta name="citation_title" content="The VLT-FLAMES survey of massive stars: surface chemical compositions of B-type stars in the Magellanic Clouds"> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2007/02/27"> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2007/04/01"> <meta name="citation_volume" content="466"> <meta name="citation_issue" content="1"> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="277"> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="300"> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.1051/0004-6361:20066148"> <meta name="citation_bibcode" content="2007A%26A...466..277H"> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2007/16/aa6148-06/aa6148-06.html"> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/pdf/2007/16/aa6148-06.pdf"> <meta name="citation_issn" content="0004-6361"> <meta name="citation_issn" content="1432-0746"> <meta name="citation_language" content="en"> <meta name="citation_keyword" content="stars: early-type"> <meta name="citation_keyword" content="stars: atmospheres"> <meta name="citation_keyword" content="stars: abundances"> <meta name="citation_keyword" content="Magellanic Clouds"> <meta name="citation_keyword" content="galaxies: abundances"> <meta name="citation_article_type" content="Research Article"> <meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="We present an analysis of high-resolution FLAMES spectra of approximately 50 early B-type stars in three young clusters at different metallicities, NGC 6611 in the Galaxy, N 11 in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and NGC 346 in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). Using the tlusty non-LTE model atmospheres code, atmospheric parameters and photospheric abundances (C, N, O, Mg and Si) of each star have been determined. These results represent a significant improvement on the number of Magellanic Cloud B-type stars with detailed and homogeneous estimates of their atmospheric parameters and chemical compositions. The relationships between effective temperature and spectral type are discussed for all three metallicity regimes, with the effective temperature for a given spectral type increasing as one moves to a lower metallicity regime. Additionally the difficulties in estimating the microturbulent velocity and the anomalous values obtained, particularly in the lowest metallicity regime, are discussed. Our chemical composition estimates are compared with previous studies, both stellar and interstellar with, in general, encouraging agreement being found. Abundances in the Magellanic Clouds relative to the Galaxy are discussed and we also present our best estimates of the base-line chemical composition of the LMC and SMC as derived from B-type stars. Additionally we discuss the use of nitrogen as a probe of the evolutionary history of stars, investigating the roles of rotational mixing, mass-loss, blue loops and binarity on the observed nitrogen abundances and making comparisons with stellar evolutionary models where possible."> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=H. A. Abt;citation_author=H. Levato;citation_author=M. Grosso;citation_publication_date=2002;citation_journal_title=ApJ;citation_volume=573;citation_firstpage=359;"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=C. Allende Prieto;citation_author=D. L. Lambert;citation_author=I. Hubeny;citation_author=T. 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Hunter</span><sup>1</sup>, <span id="aa6148-06-author-2" data-url="/component/author/?dkey=10.1051/0004-6361:20066148&n=2" class="author">P. L. Dufton</span><sup>1</sup>, <span id="aa6148-06-author-3" data-url="/component/author/?dkey=10.1051/0004-6361:20066148&n=3" class="author">S. J. Smartt</span><sup>1</sup>, <span id="aa6148-06-author-4" data-url="/component/author/?dkey=10.1051/0004-6361:20066148&n=4" class="author">R. S. I. Ryans</span><sup>1</sup>, <span id="aa6148-06-author-5" data-url="/component/author/?dkey=10.1051/0004-6361:20066148&n=5" class="author">C. J. Evans</span><sup>2</sup>, <span id="aa6148-06-author-6" data-url="/component/author/?dkey=10.1051/0004-6361:20066148&n=6" class="author">D. J. Lennon</span><sup>3</sup><sup>,4</sup>, <span id="aa6148-06-author-7" data-url="/component/author/?dkey=10.1051/0004-6361:20066148&n=7" class="author">C. Trundle</span><sup>1</sup><sup>,4</sup>, <span id="aa6148-06-author-8" data-url="/component/author/?dkey=10.1051/0004-6361:20066148&n=8" class="author">I. Hubeny</span><sup>5</sup> and <span id="aa6148-06-author-9" data-url="/component/author/?dkey=10.1051/0004-6361:20066148&n=9" class="author">T. Lanz</span><sup>6</sup></p></div> <p class="aff"> <sup>1</sup> Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Queen's University of Belfast, BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK e-mail: I.Hunter@qub.ac.uk <br> <sup>2</sup> UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, UK <br> <sup>3</sup> The Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes, Apartado de Correos 321, 38700 Santa Cruz de La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain <br> <sup>4</sup> Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain <br> <sup>5</sup> Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85712, USA <br> <sup>6</sup> Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA <br></p> <p class="history"><span class="bold">Received: </span> 31 July 2006 <br><span class="bold">Accepted: </span> 27 September 2006 </p> <p class="bold"><a name="abs"></a>Abstract</p> <p>We present an analysis of high-resolution FLAMES spectra of approximately 50 early B-type stars in three young clusters at different metallicities, NGC 6611 in the Galaxy, N 11 in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and NGC 346 in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). Using the <span class="smallcaps">tlusty</span> non-LTE model atmospheres code, atmospheric parameters and photospheric abundances (C, N, O, Mg and Si) of each star have been determined. These results represent a significant improvement on the number of Magellanic Cloud B-type stars with detailed and homogeneous estimates of their atmospheric parameters and chemical compositions. The relationships between effective temperature and spectral type are discussed for all three metallicity regimes, with the effective temperature for a given spectral type increasing as one moves to a lower metallicity regime. Additionally the difficulties in estimating the microturbulent velocity and the anomalous values obtained, particularly in the lowest metallicity regime, are discussed. Our chemical composition estimates are compared with previous studies, both stellar and interstellar with, in general, encouraging agreement being found. Abundances in the Magellanic Clouds relative to the Galaxy are discussed and we also present our best estimates of the base-line chemical composition of the LMC and SMC as derived from B-type stars. Additionally we discuss the use of nitrogen as a probe of the evolutionary history of stars, investigating the roles of rotational mixing, mass-loss, blue loops and binarity on the observed nitrogen abundances and making comparisons with stellar evolutionary models where possible. </p> <div class="kword"><p><span class="bold">Key words: </span>stars: early-type / stars: atmospheres / stars: abundances / Magellanic Clouds / galaxies: abundances</p></div> <div class="note"> <hr width="30%" align="left"> <div> <a name="FN1"></a><sup>*</sup> <p class="ligne">Based on observations at the European Southern Observatory in programmes 171.0237 and 073.0234.</p> </div> <div> <a name="FN2"></a><sup>**</sup> <p class="ligne">Tables 3–6 and Figs. 7–31 are only available in electronic form at <tt>http://www.aanda.org</tt></p> </div> </div> </div> <p><i>© ESO, 2007</i></p> </div> </div> <div id="metrics-tabs" data-doi="10.1051/0004-6361:20066148" data-edps_ref="aa6148-06"> <nav class="toolbar"> <button class="toolbar-item" id="metrics-siq">Current usage metrics</button> <button class="toolbar-item" id="info">About article metrics</button> <button class="toolbar-item" id="return">Return to article</button> </nav> <div class="panel" data-for="metrics-siq"> </div> <div class="panel" data-for="metrics-alm"></div> <div class="panel" data-for="info"> <p>Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.</p> <p>Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. 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