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8.351a1.312 1.312 0 0 1-1.146 1.954H1.33A1.313 1.313 0 0 1 .183 9.058ZM7 7V3H5v4Zm-1 3a1 1 0 1 0 0-2 1 1 0 0 0 0 2Z"></path> </svg> </span> <span></span> </div> </div> <div data-target="query-builder.screenReaderFeedback" aria-live="polite" aria-atomic="true" class="sr-only"></div> </query-builder></form> <div class="d-flex flex-row color-fg-muted px-3 text-small color-bg-default search-feedback-prompt"> <a target="_blank" href="https://docs.github.com/search-github/github-code-search/understanding-github-code-search-syntax" data-view-component="true" class="Link color-fg-accent text-normal ml-2"> Search syntax tips </a> <div class="d-flex flex-1"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </modal-dialog></div> </div> <div data-action="click:qbsearch-input#retract" class="dark-backdrop position-fixed" hidden data-target="qbsearch-input.darkBackdrop"></div> <div class="color-fg-default"> <dialog-helper> <dialog data-target="qbsearch-input.feedbackDialog" data-action="close:qbsearch-input#handleDialogClose cancel:qbsearch-input#handleDialogClose" id="feedback-dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="feedback-dialog-title" aria-describedby="feedback-dialog-description" data-view-component="true" class="Overlay Overlay-whenNarrow Overlay--size-medium Overlay--motion-scaleFade Overlay--disableScroll"> <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-header"> <div class="Overlay-headerContentWrap"> <div class="Overlay-titleWrap"> <h1 class="Overlay-title " id="feedback-dialog-title"> Provide feedback </h1> </div> <div class="Overlay-actionWrap"> <button data-close-dialog-id="feedback-dialog" aria-label="Close" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="close-button Overlay-closeButton"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.749.749 0 0 1 1.275.326.749.749 0 0 1-.215.734L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path> </svg></button> </div> </div> </div> <scrollable-region data-labelled-by="feedback-dialog-title"> <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-body"> <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form id="code-search-feedback-form" data-turbo="false" action="/search/feedback" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" name="authenticity_token" value="YPLYZPW/YTj4I7GstAoEV5gLoUB0QGvmn47aFaWKyeKXecuJkil9ZKSqD5FAKdRO/51svEbXsvMdpQWnddeBMQ==" /> <p>We read every piece of feedback, and take your input very seriously.</p> <textarea name="feedback" class="form-control width-full mb-2" style="height: 120px" id="feedback"></textarea> <input name="include_email" id="include_email" aria-label="Include my email address so I can be contacted" class="form-control mr-2" type="checkbox"> 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family","anchor":"map-format-family","htmlText":"map format family"},{"level":3,"text":"ext format family","anchor":"ext-format-family","htmlText":"ext format family"},{"level":3,"text":"Timestamp extension type","anchor":"timestamp-extension-type","htmlText":"Timestamp extension type"},{"level":2,"text":"Serialization: type to format conversion","anchor":"serialization-type-to-format-conversion","htmlText":"Serialization: type to format conversion"},{"level":2,"text":"Deserialization: format to type conversion","anchor":"deserialization-format-to-type-conversion","htmlText":"Deserialization: format to type conversion"},{"level":2,"text":"Future discussion","anchor":"future-discussion","htmlText":"Future discussion"},{"level":3,"text":"Profile","anchor":"profile","htmlText":"Profile"},{"level":2,"text":"Implementation guidelines","anchor":"implementation-guidelines","htmlText":"Implementation guidelines"},{"level":3,"text":"Upgrading MessagePack 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itemprop=\"text\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eMessagePack specification\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-messagepack-specification\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: MessagePack specification\" href=\"#messagepack-specification\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eMessagePack is an object serialization specification like JSON.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eMessagePack has two concepts: \u003cstrong\u003etype system\u003c/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong\u003eformats\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSerialization is conversion from application objects into MessagePack formats via MessagePack type system.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eDeserialization is conversion from MessagePack formats into application objects via MessagePack type system.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"Serialization:\n Application objects\n --\u0026gt; MessagePack type system\n --\u0026gt; MessagePack formats (byte array)\n\nDeserialization:\n MessagePack formats (byte array)\n --\u0026gt; MessagePack type system\n --\u0026gt; Application objects\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eSerialization:\n Application objects\n --\u0026gt; MessagePack type system\n --\u0026gt; MessagePack formats (byte array)\n\nDeserialization:\n MessagePack formats (byte array)\n --\u0026gt; MessagePack type system\n --\u0026gt; Application objects\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis document describes the MessagePack type system, MessagePack formats and conversion of them.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eTable of contents\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-table-of-contents\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Table of contents\" href=\"#table-of-contents\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMessagePack specification\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#type-system\"\u003eType system\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#limitation\"\u003eLimitation\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#extension-types\"\u003eExtension types\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#formats\"\u003eFormats\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#overview\"\u003eOverview\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#notation-in-diagrams\"\u003eNotation in diagrams\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#nil-format\"\u003enil format\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#bool-format-family\"\u003ebool format family\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#int-format-family\"\u003eint format family\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#float-format-family\"\u003efloat format family\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#str-format-family\"\u003estr format family\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#bin-format-family\"\u003ebin format family\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#array-format-family\"\u003earray format family\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#map-format-family\"\u003emap format family\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#ext-format-family\"\u003eext format family\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#timestamp-extension-type\"\u003eTimestamp extension type\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#serialization-type-to-format-conversion\"\u003eSerialization: type to format conversion\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#deserialization-format-to-type-conversion\"\u003eDeserialization: format to type conversion\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#future-discussion\"\u003eFuture discussion\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#profile\"\u003eProfile\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#implementation-guidelines\"\u003eImplementation guidelines\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#upgrading-messagepack-specification\"\u003eUpgrading MessagePack specification\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eType system\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-type-system\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Type system\" href=\"#type-system\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTypes\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInteger\u003c/strong\u003e represents an integer\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNil\u003c/strong\u003e represents nil\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBoolean\u003c/strong\u003e represents true or false\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFloat\u003c/strong\u003e represents a IEEE 754 double precision floating point number including NaN and Infinity\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRaw\u003c/strong\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eString\u003c/strong\u003e extending Raw type represents a UTF-8 string\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBinary\u003c/strong\u003e extending Raw type represents a byte array\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArray\u003c/strong\u003e represents a sequence of objects\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMap\u003c/strong\u003e represents key-value pairs of objects\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExtension\u003c/strong\u003e represents a tuple of type information and a byte array where type information is an integer whose meaning is defined by applications or MessagePack specification\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTimestamp\u003c/strong\u003e represents an instantaneous point on the time-line in the world that is independent from time zones or calendars. Maximum precision is nanoseconds.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eLimitation\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-limitation\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Limitation\" href=\"#limitation\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ea value of an Integer object is limited from \u003ccode\u003e-(2^63)\u003c/code\u003e upto \u003ccode\u003e(2^64)-1\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003emaximum length of a Binary object is \u003ccode\u003e(2^32)-1\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003emaximum byte size of a String object is \u003ccode\u003e(2^32)-1\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eString objects may contain invalid byte sequence and the behavior of a deserializer depends on the actual implementation when it received invalid byte sequence\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDeserializers should provide functionality to get the original byte array so that applications can decide how to handle the object\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003emaximum number of elements of an Array object is \u003ccode\u003e(2^32)-1\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003emaximum number of key-value associations of a Map object is \u003ccode\u003e(2^32)-1\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eExtension types\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-extension-types\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Extension types\" href=\"#extension-types\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eMessagePack allows applications to define application-specific types using the Extension type.\nExtension type consists of an integer and a byte array where the integer represents a kind of types and the byte array represents data.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eApplications can assign \u003ccode\u003e0\u003c/code\u003e to \u003ccode\u003e127\u003c/code\u003e to store application-specific type information. An example usage is that application defines \u003ccode\u003etype = 0\u003c/code\u003e as the application's unique type system, and stores name of a type and values of the type at the payload.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eMessagePack reserves \u003ccode\u003e-1\u003c/code\u003e to \u003ccode\u003e-128\u003c/code\u003e for future extension to add predefined types. These types will be added to exchange more types without using pre-shared statically-typed schema across different programming environments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"[0, 127]: application-specific types\n[-128, -1]: reserved for predefined types\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e[0, 127]: application-specific types\n[-128, -1]: reserved for predefined types\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eBecause extension types are intended to be added, old applications may not implement all of them. However, they can still handle such type as one of Extension types. Therefore, applications can decide whether they reject unknown Extension types, accept as opaque data, or transfer to another application without touching payload of them.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eHere is the list of predefined extension types. Formats of the types are defined at \u003ca href=\"#formats-timestamp\"\u003eFormats\u003c/a\u003e section.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cmarkdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eName\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eType\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTimestamp\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e-1\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/markdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eFormats\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-formats\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Formats\" href=\"#formats\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eOverview\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-overview\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Overview\" href=\"#overview\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cmarkdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eformat name\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003efirst byte (in binary)\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003efirst byte (in hex)\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epositive fixint\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0xxxxxxx\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0x00 - 0x7f\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003efixmap\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1000xxxx\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0x80 - 0x8f\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003efixarray\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1001xxxx\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0x90 - 0x9f\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003efixstr\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e101xxxxx\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0xa0 - 0xbf\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003enil\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e11000000\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0xc0\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e(never used)\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e11000001\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0xc1\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003efalse\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e11000010\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0xc2\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003etrue\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e11000011\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0xc3\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ebin 8\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e11000100\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0xc4\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ebin 16\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e11000101\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0xc5\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ebin 32\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e11000110\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0xc6\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eext 8\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e11000111\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0xc7\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eext 16\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e11001000\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0xc8\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eext 32\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e11001001\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0xc9\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003efloat 32\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e11001010\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0xca\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003efloat 64\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e11001011\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0xcb\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003euint 8\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e11001100\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0xcc\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003euint 16\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e11001101\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0xcd\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003euint 32\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e11001110\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0xce\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003euint 64\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e11001111\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0xcf\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eint 8\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e11010000\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0xd0\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eint 16\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e11010001\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0xd1\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eint 32\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e11010010\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0xd2\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eint 64\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e11010011\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0xd3\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003efixext 1\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e11010100\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0xd4\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003efixext 2\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e11010101\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0xd5\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003efixext 4\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e11010110\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0xd6\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003efixext 8\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e11010111\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0xd7\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003efixext 16\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e11011000\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0xd8\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003estr 8\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e11011001\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0xd9\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003estr 16\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e11011010\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0xda\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003estr 32\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e11011011\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0xdb\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003earray 16\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e11011100\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0xdc\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003earray 32\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e11011101\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0xdd\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003emap 16\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e11011110\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0xde\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003emap 32\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e11011111\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0xdf\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003enegative fixint\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e111xxxxx\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0xe0 - 0xff\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/markdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eNotation in diagrams\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-notation-in-diagrams\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Notation in diagrams\" href=\"#notation-in-diagrams\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"one byte:\n+--------+\n| |\n+--------+\n\na variable number of bytes:\n+========+\n| |\n+========+\n\nvariable number of objects stored in MessagePack format:\n+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+\n| |\n+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eone byte:\n+--------+\n| |\n+--------+\n\na variable number of bytes:\n+========+\n| |\n+========+\n\nvariable number of objects stored in MessagePack format:\n+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+\n| |\n+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eX\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eY\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eZ\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003eA\u003c/code\u003e are the symbols that will be replaced by an actual bit.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003enil format\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-nil-format\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: nil format\" href=\"#nil-format\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eNil format stores nil in 1 byte.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"nil:\n+--------+\n| 0xc0 |\n+--------+\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003enil:\n+--------+\n| 0xc0 |\n+--------+\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ebool format family\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-bool-format-family\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: bool format family\" href=\"#bool-format-family\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eBool format family stores false or true in 1 byte.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"false:\n+--------+\n| 0xc2 |\n+--------+\n\ntrue:\n+--------+\n| 0xc3 |\n+--------+\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003efalse:\n+--------+\n| 0xc2 |\n+--------+\n\ntrue:\n+--------+\n| 0xc3 |\n+--------+\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eint format family\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-int-format-family\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: int format family\" href=\"#int-format-family\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eInt format family stores an integer in 1, 2, 3, 5, or 9 bytes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"positive fixint stores 7-bit positive integer\n+--------+\n|0XXXXXXX|\n+--------+\n\nnegative fixint stores 5-bit negative integer\n+--------+\n|111YYYYY|\n+--------+\n\n* 0XXXXXXX is 8-bit unsigned integer\n* 111YYYYY is 8-bit signed integer\n\nuint 8 stores a 8-bit unsigned integer\n+--------+--------+\n| 0xcc |ZZZZZZZZ|\n+--------+--------+\n\nuint 16 stores a 16-bit big-endian unsigned integer\n+--------+--------+--------+\n| 0xcd |ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|\n+--------+--------+--------+\n\nuint 32 stores a 32-bit big-endian unsigned integer\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n| 0xce |ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n\nuint 64 stores a 64-bit big-endian unsigned integer\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n| 0xcf |ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n\nint 8 stores a 8-bit signed integer\n+--------+--------+\n| 0xd0 |ZZZZZZZZ|\n+--------+--------+\n\nint 16 stores a 16-bit big-endian signed integer\n+--------+--------+--------+\n| 0xd1 |ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|\n+--------+--------+--------+\n\nint 32 stores a 32-bit big-endian signed integer\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n| 0xd2 |ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n\nint 64 stores a 64-bit big-endian signed integer\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n| 0xd3 |ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003epositive fixint stores 7-bit positive integer\n+--------+\n|0XXXXXXX|\n+--------+\n\nnegative fixint stores 5-bit negative integer\n+--------+\n|111YYYYY|\n+--------+\n\n* 0XXXXXXX is 8-bit unsigned integer\n* 111YYYYY is 8-bit signed integer\n\nuint 8 stores a 8-bit unsigned integer\n+--------+--------+\n| 0xcc |ZZZZZZZZ|\n+--------+--------+\n\nuint 16 stores a 16-bit big-endian unsigned integer\n+--------+--------+--------+\n| 0xcd |ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|\n+--------+--------+--------+\n\nuint 32 stores a 32-bit big-endian unsigned integer\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n| 0xce |ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n\nuint 64 stores a 64-bit big-endian unsigned integer\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n| 0xcf |ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n\nint 8 stores a 8-bit signed integer\n+--------+--------+\n| 0xd0 |ZZZZZZZZ|\n+--------+--------+\n\nint 16 stores a 16-bit big-endian signed integer\n+--------+--------+--------+\n| 0xd1 |ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|\n+--------+--------+--------+\n\nint 32 stores a 32-bit big-endian signed integer\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n| 0xd2 |ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n\nint 64 stores a 64-bit big-endian signed integer\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n| 0xd3 |ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003efloat format family\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-float-format-family\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: float format family\" href=\"#float-format-family\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFloat format family stores a floating point number in 5 bytes or 9 bytes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"float 32 stores a floating point number in IEEE 754 single precision floating point number format:\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n| 0xca |XXXXXXXX|XXXXXXXX|XXXXXXXX|XXXXXXXX|\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n\nfloat 64 stores a floating point number in IEEE 754 double precision floating point number format:\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n| 0xcb |YYYYYYYY|YYYYYYYY|YYYYYYYY|YYYYYYYY|YYYYYYYY|YYYYYYYY|YYYYYYYY|YYYYYYYY|\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n\nwhere\n* XXXXXXXX_XXXXXXXX_XXXXXXXX_XXXXXXXX is a big-endian IEEE 754 single precision floating point number.\n Extension of precision from single-precision to double-precision does not lose precision.\n* YYYYYYYY_YYYYYYYY_YYYYYYYY_YYYYYYYY_YYYYYYYY_YYYYYYYY_YYYYYYYY_YYYYYYYY is a big-endian\n IEEE 754 double precision floating point number\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003efloat 32 stores a floating point number in IEEE 754 single precision floating point number format:\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n| 0xca |XXXXXXXX|XXXXXXXX|XXXXXXXX|XXXXXXXX|\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n\nfloat 64 stores a floating point number in IEEE 754 double precision floating point number format:\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n| 0xcb |YYYYYYYY|YYYYYYYY|YYYYYYYY|YYYYYYYY|YYYYYYYY|YYYYYYYY|YYYYYYYY|YYYYYYYY|\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n\nwhere\n* XXXXXXXX_XXXXXXXX_XXXXXXXX_XXXXXXXX is a big-endian IEEE 754 single precision floating point number.\n Extension of precision from single-precision to double-precision does not lose precision.\n* YYYYYYYY_YYYYYYYY_YYYYYYYY_YYYYYYYY_YYYYYYYY_YYYYYYYY_YYYYYYYY_YYYYYYYY is a big-endian\n IEEE 754 double precision floating point number\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003estr format family\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-str-format-family\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: str format family\" href=\"#str-format-family\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eStr format family stores a byte array in 1, 2, 3, or 5 bytes of extra bytes in addition to the size of the byte array.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"fixstr stores a byte array whose length is upto 31 bytes:\n+--------+========+\n|101XXXXX| data |\n+--------+========+\n\nstr 8 stores a byte array whose length is upto (2^8)-1 bytes:\n+--------+--------+========+\n| 0xd9 |YYYYYYYY| data |\n+--------+--------+========+\n\nstr 16 stores a byte array whose length is upto (2^16)-1 bytes:\n+--------+--------+--------+========+\n| 0xda |ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ| data |\n+--------+--------+--------+========+\n\nstr 32 stores a byte array whose length is upto (2^32)-1 bytes:\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+========+\n| 0xdb |AAAAAAAA|AAAAAAAA|AAAAAAAA|AAAAAAAA| data |\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+========+\n\nwhere\n* XXXXX is a 5-bit unsigned integer which represents N\n* YYYYYYYY is a 8-bit unsigned integer which represents N\n* ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ is a 16-bit big-endian unsigned integer which represents N\n* AAAAAAAA_AAAAAAAA_AAAAAAAA_AAAAAAAA is a 32-bit big-endian unsigned integer which represents N\n* N is the length of data\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003efixstr stores a byte array whose length is upto 31 bytes:\n+--------+========+\n|101XXXXX| data |\n+--------+========+\n\nstr 8 stores a byte array whose length is upto (2^8)-1 bytes:\n+--------+--------+========+\n| 0xd9 |YYYYYYYY| data |\n+--------+--------+========+\n\nstr 16 stores a byte array whose length is upto (2^16)-1 bytes:\n+--------+--------+--------+========+\n| 0xda |ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ| data |\n+--------+--------+--------+========+\n\nstr 32 stores a byte array whose length is upto (2^32)-1 bytes:\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+========+\n| 0xdb |AAAAAAAA|AAAAAAAA|AAAAAAAA|AAAAAAAA| data |\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+========+\n\nwhere\n* XXXXX is a 5-bit unsigned integer which represents N\n* YYYYYYYY is a 8-bit unsigned integer which represents N\n* ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ is a 16-bit big-endian unsigned integer which represents N\n* AAAAAAAA_AAAAAAAA_AAAAAAAA_AAAAAAAA is a 32-bit big-endian unsigned integer which represents N\n* N is the length of data\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ebin format family\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-bin-format-family\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: bin format family\" href=\"#bin-format-family\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eBin format family stores an byte array in 2, 3, or 5 bytes of extra bytes in addition to the size of the byte array.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"bin 8 stores a byte array whose length is upto (2^8)-1 bytes:\n+--------+--------+========+\n| 0xc4 |XXXXXXXX| data |\n+--------+--------+========+\n\nbin 16 stores a byte array whose length is upto (2^16)-1 bytes:\n+--------+--------+--------+========+\n| 0xc5 |YYYYYYYY|YYYYYYYY| data |\n+--------+--------+--------+========+\n\nbin 32 stores a byte array whose length is upto (2^32)-1 bytes:\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+========+\n| 0xc6 |ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ| data |\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+========+\n\nwhere\n* XXXXXXXX is a 8-bit unsigned integer which represents N\n* YYYYYYYY_YYYYYYYY is a 16-bit big-endian unsigned integer which represents N\n* ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ is a 32-bit big-endian unsigned integer which represents N\n* N is the length of data\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ebin 8 stores a byte array whose length is upto (2^8)-1 bytes:\n+--------+--------+========+\n| 0xc4 |XXXXXXXX| data |\n+--------+--------+========+\n\nbin 16 stores a byte array whose length is upto (2^16)-1 bytes:\n+--------+--------+--------+========+\n| 0xc5 |YYYYYYYY|YYYYYYYY| data |\n+--------+--------+--------+========+\n\nbin 32 stores a byte array whose length is upto (2^32)-1 bytes:\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+========+\n| 0xc6 |ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ| data |\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+========+\n\nwhere\n* XXXXXXXX is a 8-bit unsigned integer which represents N\n* YYYYYYYY_YYYYYYYY is a 16-bit big-endian unsigned integer which represents N\n* ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ is a 32-bit big-endian unsigned integer which represents N\n* N is the length of data\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003earray format family\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-array-format-family\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: array format family\" href=\"#array-format-family\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eArray format family stores a sequence of elements in 1, 3, or 5 bytes of extra bytes in addition to the elements.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"fixarray stores an array whose length is upto 15 elements:\n+--------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+\n|1001XXXX| N objects |\n+--------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+\n\narray 16 stores an array whose length is upto (2^16)-1 elements:\n+--------+--------+--------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+\n| 0xdc |YYYYYYYY|YYYYYYYY| N objects |\n+--------+--------+--------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+\n\narray 32 stores an array whose length is upto (2^32)-1 elements:\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+\n| 0xdd |ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ| N objects |\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+\n\nwhere\n* XXXX is a 4-bit unsigned integer which represents N\n* YYYYYYYY_YYYYYYYY is a 16-bit big-endian unsigned integer which represents N\n* ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ is a 32-bit big-endian unsigned integer which represents N\n* N is the size of an array\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003efixarray stores an array whose length is upto 15 elements:\n+--------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+\n|1001XXXX| N objects |\n+--------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+\n\narray 16 stores an array whose length is upto (2^16)-1 elements:\n+--------+--------+--------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+\n| 0xdc |YYYYYYYY|YYYYYYYY| N objects |\n+--------+--------+--------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+\n\narray 32 stores an array whose length is upto (2^32)-1 elements:\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+\n| 0xdd |ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ| N objects |\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+\n\nwhere\n* XXXX is a 4-bit unsigned integer which represents N\n* YYYYYYYY_YYYYYYYY is a 16-bit big-endian unsigned integer which represents N\n* ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ is a 32-bit big-endian unsigned integer which represents N\n* N is the size of an array\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003emap format family\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-map-format-family\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: map format family\" href=\"#map-format-family\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eMap format family stores a sequence of key-value pairs in 1, 3, or 5 bytes of extra bytes in addition to the key-value pairs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"fixmap stores a map whose length is upto 15 elements\n+--------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+\n|1000XXXX| N*2 objects |\n+--------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+\n\nmap 16 stores a map whose length is upto (2^16)-1 elements\n+--------+--------+--------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+\n| 0xde |YYYYYYYY|YYYYYYYY| N*2 objects |\n+--------+--------+--------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+\n\nmap 32 stores a map whose length is upto (2^32)-1 elements\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+\n| 0xdf |ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ| N*2 objects |\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+\n\nwhere\n* XXXX is a 4-bit unsigned integer which represents N\n* YYYYYYYY_YYYYYYYY is a 16-bit big-endian unsigned integer which represents N\n* ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ is a 32-bit big-endian unsigned integer which represents N\n* N is the size of a map\n* odd elements in objects are keys of a map\n* the next element of a key is its associated value\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003efixmap stores a map whose length is upto 15 elements\n+--------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+\n|1000XXXX| N*2 objects |\n+--------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+\n\nmap 16 stores a map whose length is upto (2^16)-1 elements\n+--------+--------+--------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+\n| 0xde |YYYYYYYY|YYYYYYYY| N*2 objects |\n+--------+--------+--------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+\n\nmap 32 stores a map whose length is upto (2^32)-1 elements\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+\n| 0xdf |ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ| N*2 objects |\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+\n\nwhere\n* XXXX is a 4-bit unsigned integer which represents N\n* YYYYYYYY_YYYYYYYY is a 16-bit big-endian unsigned integer which represents N\n* ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ is a 32-bit big-endian unsigned integer which represents N\n* N is the size of a map\n* odd elements in objects are keys of a map\n* the next element of a key is its associated value\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eext format family\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-ext-format-family\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: ext format family\" href=\"#ext-format-family\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eExt format family stores a tuple of an integer and a byte array.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"fixext 1 stores an integer and a byte array whose length is 1 byte\n+--------+--------+--------+\n| 0xd4 | type | data |\n+--------+--------+--------+\n\nfixext 2 stores an integer and a byte array whose length is 2 bytes\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n| 0xd5 | type | data |\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n\nfixext 4 stores an integer and a byte array whose length is 4 bytes\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n| 0xd6 | type | data |\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n\nfixext 8 stores an integer and a byte array whose length is 8 bytes\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n| 0xd7 | type | data |\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n\nfixext 16 stores an integer and a byte array whose length is 16 bytes\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n| 0xd8 | type | data \n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n data (cont.) |\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n\next 8 stores an integer and a byte array whose length is upto (2^8)-1 bytes:\n+--------+--------+--------+========+\n| 0xc7 |XXXXXXXX| type | data |\n+--------+--------+--------+========+\n\next 16 stores an integer and a byte array whose length is upto (2^16)-1 bytes:\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+========+\n| 0xc8 |YYYYYYYY|YYYYYYYY| type | data |\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+========+\n\next 32 stores an integer and a byte array whose length is upto (2^32)-1 bytes:\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+========+\n| 0xc9 |ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ| type | data |\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+========+\n\nwhere\n* XXXXXXXX is a 8-bit unsigned integer which represents N\n* YYYYYYYY_YYYYYYYY is a 16-bit big-endian unsigned integer which represents N\n* ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ is a big-endian 32-bit unsigned integer which represents N\n* N is a length of data\n* type is a signed 8-bit signed integer\n* type \u0026lt; 0 is reserved for future extension including 2-byte type information\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003efixext 1 stores an integer and a byte array whose length is 1 byte\n+--------+--------+--------+\n| 0xd4 | type | data |\n+--------+--------+--------+\n\nfixext 2 stores an integer and a byte array whose length is 2 bytes\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n| 0xd5 | type | data |\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n\nfixext 4 stores an integer and a byte array whose length is 4 bytes\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n| 0xd6 | type | data |\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n\nfixext 8 stores an integer and a byte array whose length is 8 bytes\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n| 0xd7 | type | data |\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n\nfixext 16 stores an integer and a byte array whose length is 16 bytes\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n| 0xd8 | type | data \n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n data (cont.) |\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n\next 8 stores an integer and a byte array whose length is upto (2^8)-1 bytes:\n+--------+--------+--------+========+\n| 0xc7 |XXXXXXXX| type | data |\n+--------+--------+--------+========+\n\next 16 stores an integer and a byte array whose length is upto (2^16)-1 bytes:\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+========+\n| 0xc8 |YYYYYYYY|YYYYYYYY| type | data |\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+========+\n\next 32 stores an integer and a byte array whose length is upto (2^32)-1 bytes:\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+========+\n| 0xc9 |ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ| type | data |\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+========+\n\nwhere\n* XXXXXXXX is a 8-bit unsigned integer which represents N\n* YYYYYYYY_YYYYYYYY is a 16-bit big-endian unsigned integer which represents N\n* ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ is a big-endian 32-bit unsigned integer which represents N\n* N is a length of data\n* type is a signed 8-bit signed integer\n* type \u0026lt; 0 is reserved for future extension including 2-byte type information\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eTimestamp extension type\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-timestamp-extension-type\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Timestamp extension type\" href=\"#timestamp-extension-type\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eTimestamp extension type is assigned to extension type \u003ccode\u003e-1\u003c/code\u003e. It defines 3 formats: 32-bit format, 64-bit format, and 96-bit format.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"timestamp 32 stores the number of seconds that have elapsed since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC\nin an 32-bit unsigned integer:\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n| 0xd6 | -1 | seconds in 32-bit unsigned int |\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n\ntimestamp 64 stores the number of seconds and nanoseconds that have elapsed since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC\nin 32-bit unsigned integers:\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+------|-+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n| 0xd7 | -1 | nanosec. in 30-bit unsigned int | seconds in 34-bit unsigned int |\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+------^-+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n\ntimestamp 96 stores the number of seconds and nanoseconds that have elapsed since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC\nin 64-bit signed integer and 32-bit unsigned integer:\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n| 0xc7 | 12 | -1 |nanoseconds in 32-bit unsigned int |\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n seconds in 64-bit signed int |\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003etimestamp 32 stores the number of seconds that have elapsed since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC\nin an 32-bit unsigned integer:\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n| 0xd6 | -1 | seconds in 32-bit unsigned int |\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n\ntimestamp 64 stores the number of seconds and nanoseconds that have elapsed since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC\nin 32-bit unsigned integers:\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+------|-+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n| 0xd7 | -1 | nanosec. in 30-bit unsigned int | seconds in 34-bit unsigned int |\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+------^-+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n\ntimestamp 96 stores the number of seconds and nanoseconds that have elapsed since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC\nin 64-bit signed integer and 32-bit unsigned integer:\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n| 0xc7 | 12 | -1 |nanoseconds in 32-bit unsigned int |\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n seconds in 64-bit signed int |\n+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTimestamp 32 format can represent a timestamp in [1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC, 2106-02-07 06:28:16 UTC) range. Nanoseconds part is 0.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTimestamp 64 format can represent a timestamp in [1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 UTC, 2514-05-30 01:53:04.000000000 UTC) range.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTimestamp 96 format can represent a timestamp in [-292277022657-01-27 08:29:52 UTC, 292277026596-12-04 15:30:08.000000000 UTC) range.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn timestamp 64 and timestamp 96 formats, nanoseconds must not be larger than 999999999.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003ePseudo code for serialization:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"struct timespec {\n long tv_sec; // seconds\n long tv_nsec; // nanoseconds\n} time;\nif ((time.tv_sec \u0026gt;\u0026gt; 34) == 0) {\n uint64_t data64 = (time.tv_nsec \u0026lt;\u0026lt; 34) | time.tv_sec;\n if (data64 \u0026amp; 0xffffffff00000000L == 0) {\n // timestamp 32\n uint32_t data32 = data64;\n serialize(0xd6, -1, data32)\n }\n else {\n // timestamp 64\n serialize(0xd7, -1, data64)\n }\n}\nelse {\n // timestamp 96\n serialize(0xc7, 12, -1, time.tv_nsec, time.tv_sec)\n}\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003estruct timespec {\n long tv_sec; // seconds\n long tv_nsec; // nanoseconds\n} time;\nif ((time.tv_sec \u0026gt;\u0026gt; 34) == 0) {\n uint64_t data64 = (time.tv_nsec \u0026lt;\u0026lt; 34) | time.tv_sec;\n if (data64 \u0026amp; 0xffffffff00000000L == 0) {\n // timestamp 32\n uint32_t data32 = data64;\n serialize(0xd6, -1, data32)\n }\n else {\n // timestamp 64\n serialize(0xd7, -1, data64)\n }\n}\nelse {\n // timestamp 96\n serialize(0xc7, 12, -1, time.tv_nsec, time.tv_sec)\n}\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003ePseudo code for deserialization:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\" ExtensionValue value = deserialize_ext_type();\n struct timespec result;\n switch(value.length) {\n case 4:\n uint32_t data32 = value.payload;\n result.tv_nsec = 0;\n result.tv_sec = data32;\n case 8:\n uint64_t data64 = value.payload;\n result.tv_nsec = data64 \u0026gt;\u0026gt; 34;\n result.tv_sec = data64 \u0026amp; 0x00000003ffffffffL;\n case 12:\n uint32_t data32 = value.payload;\n uint64_t data64 = value.payload + 4;\n result.tv_nsec = data32;\n result.tv_sec = data64;\n default:\n // error\n }\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003e ExtensionValue value = deserialize_ext_type();\n struct timespec result;\n switch(value.length) {\n case 4:\n uint32_t data32 = value.payload;\n result.tv_nsec = 0;\n result.tv_sec = data32;\n case 8:\n uint64_t data64 = value.payload;\n result.tv_nsec = data64 \u0026gt;\u0026gt; 34;\n result.tv_sec = data64 \u0026amp; 0x00000003ffffffffL;\n case 12:\n uint32_t data32 = value.payload;\n uint64_t data64 = value.payload + 4;\n result.tv_nsec = data32;\n result.tv_sec = data64;\n default:\n // error\n }\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eSerialization: type to format conversion\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-serialization-type-to-format-conversion\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Serialization: type to format conversion\" href=\"#serialization-type-to-format-conversion\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eMessagePack serializers convert MessagePack types into formats as following:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cmarkdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003esource types\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eoutput format\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eInteger\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eint format family (positive fixint, negative fixint, int 8/16/32/64 or uint 8/16/32/64)\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNil\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003enil\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBoolean\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ebool format family (false or true)\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFloat\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003efloat format family (float 32/64)\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eString\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003estr format family (fixstr or str 8/16/32)\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBinary\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ebin format family (bin 8/16/32)\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eArray\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003earray format family (fixarray or array 16/32)\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMap\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003emap format family (fixmap or map 16/32)\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExtension\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eext format family (fixext or ext 8/16/32)\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/markdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIf an object can be represented in multiple possible output formats, serializers SHOULD use the format which represents the data in the smallest number of bytes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eDeserialization: format to type conversion\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-deserialization-format-to-type-conversion\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Deserialization: format to type conversion\" href=\"#deserialization-format-to-type-conversion\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eMessagePack deserializers convert MessagePack formats into types as following:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cmarkdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003esource formats\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eoutput type\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epositive fixint, negative fixint, int 8/16/32/64 and uint 8/16/32/64\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eInteger\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003enil\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNil\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003efalse and true\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBoolean\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003efloat 32/64\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFloat\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003efixstr and str 8/16/32\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eString\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ebin 8/16/32\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBinary\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003efixarray and array 16/32\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eArray\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003efixmap map 16/32\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMap\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003efixext and ext 8/16/32\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExtension\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/markdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eFuture discussion\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-future-discussion\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Future discussion\" href=\"#future-discussion\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eProfile\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-profile\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Profile\" href=\"#profile\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eProfile is an idea that Applications restrict the semantics of MessagePack while sharing the same syntax to adapt MessagePack for certain use cases.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFor example, applications may remove Binary type, restrict keys of map objects to be String type, and put some restrictions to make the semantics compatible with JSON. Applications which use schema may remove String and Binary types and deal with byte arrays as Raw type. Applications which use hash (digest) of serialized data may sort keys of maps to make the serialized data deterministic.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eImplementation guidelines\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-implementation-guidelines\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Implementation guidelines\" href=\"#implementation-guidelines\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eUpgrading MessagePack specification\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-upgrading-messagepack-specification\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Upgrading MessagePack specification\" href=\"#upgrading-messagepack-specification\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eMessagePack specification is changed at this time.\nHere is a guideline to upgrade existent MessagePack implementations:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn a minor release, deserializers support the bin format family and str 8 format. The type of deserialized objects should be same with raw 16 (== str 16) or raw 32 (== str 32)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn a major release, serializers distinguish Binary type and String type using bin format family and str format family\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAt the same time, serializers should offer \"compatibility mode\" which doesn't use bin format family and str 8 format\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"MessagePack specification\nLast modified at 2017-08-09 22:42:07 -0700\nSadayuki Furuhashi © 2013-04-21 21:52:33 -0700\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eMessagePack specification\nLast modified at 2017-08-09 22:42:07 -0700\nSadayuki Furuhashi © 2013-04-21 21:52:33 -0700\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/article\u003e","renderedFileInfo":null,"shortPath":null,"symbolsEnabled":true,"tabSize":8,"topBannersInfo":{"overridingGlobalFundingFile":false,"globalPreferredFundingPath":null,"showInvalidCitationWarning":false,"citationHelpUrl":"https://docs.github.com/github/creating-cloning-and-archiving-repositories/creating-a-repository-on-github/about-citation-files","actionsOnboardingTip":null},"truncated":false,"viewable":true,"workflowRedirectUrl":null,"symbols":{"timed_out":false,"not_analyzed":false,"symbols":[{"name":"MessagePack specification","kind":"section_1","ident_start":2,"ident_end":27,"extent_start":0,"extent_end":24146,"fully_qualified_name":"MessagePack specification","ident_utf16":{"start":{"line_number":0,"utf16_col":2},"end":{"line_number":0,"utf16_col":27}},"extent_utf16":{"start":{"line_number":0,"utf16_col":0},"end":{"line_number":553,"utf16_col":0}}},{"name":"Table of 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hGyMdv"><section aria-labelledby="file-name-id-wide file-name-id-mobile" class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 fGqKFv"><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 eoaCFS js-snippet-clipboard-copy-unpositioned" data-hpc="true"><article class="markdown-body entry-content container-lg" itemprop="text"><div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">MessagePack specification</h1><a id="user-content-messagepack-specification" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: MessagePack specification" href="#messagepack-specification"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">MessagePack is an object serialization specification like JSON.</p> <p dir="auto">MessagePack has two concepts: <strong>type system</strong> and <strong>formats</strong>.</p> <p dir="auto">Serialization is conversion from application objects into MessagePack formats via MessagePack type system.</p> <p dir="auto">Deserialization is conversion from MessagePack formats into application objects via MessagePack type system.</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="Serialization: Application objects --> MessagePack type system --> MessagePack formats (byte array) Deserialization: MessagePack formats (byte array) --> MessagePack type system --> Application objects"><pre class="notranslate"><code>Serialization: Application objects --> MessagePack type system --> MessagePack formats (byte array) Deserialization: MessagePack formats (byte array) --> MessagePack type system --> Application objects </code></pre></div> <p dir="auto">This document describes the MessagePack type system, MessagePack formats and conversion of them.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Table of contents</h2><a id="user-content-table-of-contents" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Table of contents" href="#table-of-contents"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li>MessagePack specification <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="#type-system">Type system</a> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="#limitation">Limitation</a></li> <li><a href="#extension-types">Extension types</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#formats">Formats</a> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="#overview">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="#notation-in-diagrams">Notation in diagrams</a></li> <li><a href="#nil-format">nil format</a></li> <li><a href="#bool-format-family">bool format family</a></li> <li><a href="#int-format-family">int format family</a></li> <li><a href="#float-format-family">float format family</a></li> <li><a href="#str-format-family">str format family</a></li> <li><a href="#bin-format-family">bin format family</a></li> <li><a href="#array-format-family">array format family</a></li> <li><a href="#map-format-family">map format family</a></li> <li><a href="#ext-format-family">ext format family</a></li> <li><a href="#timestamp-extension-type">Timestamp extension type</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#serialization-type-to-format-conversion">Serialization: type to format conversion</a></li> <li><a href="#deserialization-format-to-type-conversion">Deserialization: format to type conversion</a></li> <li><a href="#future-discussion">Future discussion</a> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="#profile">Profile</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#implementation-guidelines">Implementation guidelines</a> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="#upgrading-messagepack-specification">Upgrading MessagePack specification</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Type system</h2><a id="user-content-type-system" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Type system" href="#type-system"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Types <ul dir="auto"> <li><strong>Integer</strong> represents an integer</li> <li><strong>Nil</strong> represents nil</li> <li><strong>Boolean</strong> represents true or false</li> <li><strong>Float</strong> represents a IEEE 754 double precision floating point number including NaN and Infinity</li> <li><strong>Raw</strong> <ul dir="auto"> <li><strong>String</strong> extending Raw type represents a UTF-8 string</li> <li><strong>Binary</strong> extending Raw type represents a byte array</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Array</strong> represents a sequence of objects</li> <li><strong>Map</strong> represents key-value pairs of objects</li> <li><strong>Extension</strong> represents a tuple of type information and a byte array where type information is an integer whose meaning is defined by applications or MessagePack specification <ul dir="auto"> <li><strong>Timestamp</strong> represents an instantaneous point on the time-line in the world that is independent from time zones or calendars. Maximum precision is nanoseconds.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Limitation</h3><a id="user-content-limitation" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Limitation" href="#limitation"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li>a value of an Integer object is limited from <code>-(2^63)</code> upto <code>(2^64)-1</code></li> <li>maximum length of a Binary object is <code>(2^32)-1</code></li> <li>maximum byte size of a String object is <code>(2^32)-1</code></li> <li>String objects may contain invalid byte sequence and the behavior of a deserializer depends on the actual implementation when it received invalid byte sequence <ul dir="auto"> <li>Deserializers should provide functionality to get the original byte array so that applications can decide how to handle the object</li> </ul> </li> <li>maximum number of elements of an Array object is <code>(2^32)-1</code></li> <li>maximum number of key-value associations of a Map object is <code>(2^32)-1</code></li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Extension types</h3><a id="user-content-extension-types" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Extension types" href="#extension-types"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">MessagePack allows applications to define application-specific types using the Extension type. Extension type consists of an integer and a byte array where the integer represents a kind of types and the byte array represents data.</p> <p dir="auto">Applications can assign <code>0</code> to <code>127</code> to store application-specific type information. An example usage is that application defines <code>type = 0</code> as the application's unique type system, and stores name of a type and values of the type at the payload.</p> <p dir="auto">MessagePack reserves <code>-1</code> to <code>-128</code> for future extension to add predefined types. These types will be added to exchange more types without using pre-shared statically-typed schema across different programming environments.</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="[0, 127]: application-specific types [-128, -1]: reserved for predefined types"><pre class="notranslate"><code>[0, 127]: application-specific types [-128, -1]: reserved for predefined types </code></pre></div> <p dir="auto">Because extension types are intended to be added, old applications may not implement all of them. However, they can still handle such type as one of Extension types. Therefore, applications can decide whether they reject unknown Extension types, accept as opaque data, or transfer to another application without touching payload of them.</p> <p dir="auto">Here is the list of predefined extension types. Formats of the types are defined at <a href="#formats-timestamp">Formats</a> section.</p> <markdown-accessiblity-table><table> <thead> <tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Type</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Timestamp</td> <td>-1</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></markdown-accessiblity-table> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Formats</h2><a id="user-content-formats" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Formats" href="#formats"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Overview</h3><a id="user-content-overview" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Overview" href="#overview"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <markdown-accessiblity-table><table> <thead> <tr> <th>format name</th> <th>first byte (in binary)</th> <th>first byte (in hex)</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>positive fixint</td> <td>0xxxxxxx</td> <td>0x00 - 0x7f</td> </tr> <tr> <td>fixmap</td> <td>1000xxxx</td> <td>0x80 - 0x8f</td> </tr> <tr> <td>fixarray</td> <td>1001xxxx</td> <td>0x90 - 0x9f</td> </tr> <tr> <td>fixstr</td> <td>101xxxxx</td> <td>0xa0 - 0xbf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>nil</td> <td>11000000</td> <td>0xc0</td> </tr> <tr> <td>(never used)</td> <td>11000001</td> <td>0xc1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>false</td> <td>11000010</td> <td>0xc2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>true</td> <td>11000011</td> <td>0xc3</td> </tr> <tr> <td>bin 8</td> <td>11000100</td> <td>0xc4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>bin 16</td> <td>11000101</td> <td>0xc5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>bin 32</td> <td>11000110</td> <td>0xc6</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ext 8</td> <td>11000111</td> <td>0xc7</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ext 16</td> <td>11001000</td> <td>0xc8</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ext 32</td> <td>11001001</td> <td>0xc9</td> </tr> <tr> <td>float 32</td> <td>11001010</td> <td>0xca</td> </tr> <tr> <td>float 64</td> <td>11001011</td> <td>0xcb</td> </tr> <tr> <td>uint 8</td> <td>11001100</td> <td>0xcc</td> </tr> <tr> <td>uint 16</td> <td>11001101</td> <td>0xcd</td> </tr> <tr> <td>uint 32</td> <td>11001110</td> <td>0xce</td> </tr> <tr> <td>uint 64</td> <td>11001111</td> <td>0xcf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>int 8</td> <td>11010000</td> <td>0xd0</td> </tr> <tr> <td>int 16</td> <td>11010001</td> <td>0xd1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>int 32</td> <td>11010010</td> <td>0xd2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>int 64</td> <td>11010011</td> <td>0xd3</td> </tr> <tr> <td>fixext 1</td> <td>11010100</td> <td>0xd4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>fixext 2</td> <td>11010101</td> <td>0xd5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>fixext 4</td> <td>11010110</td> <td>0xd6</td> </tr> <tr> <td>fixext 8</td> <td>11010111</td> <td>0xd7</td> </tr> <tr> <td>fixext 16</td> <td>11011000</td> <td>0xd8</td> </tr> <tr> <td>str 8</td> <td>11011001</td> <td>0xd9</td> </tr> <tr> <td>str 16</td> <td>11011010</td> <td>0xda</td> </tr> <tr> <td>str 32</td> <td>11011011</td> <td>0xdb</td> </tr> <tr> <td>array 16</td> <td>11011100</td> <td>0xdc</td> </tr> <tr> <td>array 32</td> <td>11011101</td> <td>0xdd</td> </tr> <tr> <td>map 16</td> <td>11011110</td> <td>0xde</td> </tr> <tr> <td>map 32</td> <td>11011111</td> <td>0xdf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>negative fixint</td> <td>111xxxxx</td> <td>0xe0 - 0xff</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></markdown-accessiblity-table> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Notation in diagrams</h3><a id="user-content-notation-in-diagrams" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Notation in diagrams" href="#notation-in-diagrams"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="one byte: +--------+ | | +--------+ a variable number of bytes: +========+ | | +========+ variable number of objects stored in MessagePack format: +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ | | +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+"><pre class="notranslate"><code>one byte: +--------+ | | +--------+ a variable number of bytes: +========+ | | +========+ variable number of objects stored in MessagePack format: +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ | | +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ </code></pre></div> <p dir="auto"><code>X</code>, <code>Y</code>, <code>Z</code> and <code>A</code> are the symbols that will be replaced by an actual bit.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">nil format</h3><a id="user-content-nil-format" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: nil format" href="#nil-format"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Nil format stores nil in 1 byte.</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="nil: +--------+ | 0xc0 | +--------+"><pre class="notranslate"><code>nil: +--------+ | 0xc0 | +--------+ </code></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">bool format family</h3><a id="user-content-bool-format-family" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: bool format family" href="#bool-format-family"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Bool format family stores false or true in 1 byte.</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="false: +--------+ | 0xc2 | +--------+ true: +--------+ | 0xc3 | +--------+"><pre class="notranslate"><code>false: +--------+ | 0xc2 | +--------+ true: +--------+ | 0xc3 | +--------+ </code></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">int format family</h3><a id="user-content-int-format-family" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: int format family" href="#int-format-family"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Int format family stores an integer in 1, 2, 3, 5, or 9 bytes.</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="positive fixint stores 7-bit positive integer +--------+ |0XXXXXXX| +--------+ negative fixint stores 5-bit negative integer +--------+ |111YYYYY| +--------+ * 0XXXXXXX is 8-bit unsigned integer * 111YYYYY is 8-bit signed integer uint 8 stores a 8-bit unsigned integer +--------+--------+ | 0xcc |ZZZZZZZZ| +--------+--------+ uint 16 stores a 16-bit big-endian unsigned integer +--------+--------+--------+ | 0xcd |ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ| +--------+--------+--------+ uint 32 stores a 32-bit big-endian unsigned integer +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ | 0xce |ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ| +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ uint 64 stores a 64-bit big-endian unsigned integer +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ | 0xcf |ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ| +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ int 8 stores a 8-bit signed integer +--------+--------+ | 0xd0 |ZZZZZZZZ| +--------+--------+ int 16 stores a 16-bit big-endian signed integer +--------+--------+--------+ | 0xd1 |ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ| +--------+--------+--------+ int 32 stores a 32-bit big-endian signed integer +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ | 0xd2 |ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ| +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ int 64 stores a 64-bit big-endian signed integer +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ | 0xd3 |ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ| +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+"><pre class="notranslate"><code>positive fixint stores 7-bit positive integer +--------+ |0XXXXXXX| +--------+ negative fixint stores 5-bit negative integer +--------+ |111YYYYY| +--------+ * 0XXXXXXX is 8-bit unsigned integer * 111YYYYY is 8-bit signed integer uint 8 stores a 8-bit unsigned integer +--------+--------+ | 0xcc |ZZZZZZZZ| +--------+--------+ uint 16 stores a 16-bit big-endian unsigned integer +--------+--------+--------+ | 0xcd |ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ| +--------+--------+--------+ uint 32 stores a 32-bit big-endian unsigned integer +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ | 0xce |ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ| +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ uint 64 stores a 64-bit big-endian unsigned integer +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ | 0xcf |ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ| +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ int 8 stores a 8-bit signed integer +--------+--------+ | 0xd0 |ZZZZZZZZ| +--------+--------+ int 16 stores a 16-bit big-endian signed integer +--------+--------+--------+ | 0xd1 |ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ| +--------+--------+--------+ int 32 stores a 32-bit big-endian signed integer +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ | 0xd2 |ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ| +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ int 64 stores a 64-bit big-endian signed integer +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ | 0xd3 |ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ| +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ </code></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">float format family</h3><a id="user-content-float-format-family" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: float format family" href="#float-format-family"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Float format family stores a floating point number in 5 bytes or 9 bytes.</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="float 32 stores a floating point number in IEEE 754 single precision floating point number format: +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ | 0xca |XXXXXXXX|XXXXXXXX|XXXXXXXX|XXXXXXXX| +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ float 64 stores a floating point number in IEEE 754 double precision floating point number format: +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ | 0xcb |YYYYYYYY|YYYYYYYY|YYYYYYYY|YYYYYYYY|YYYYYYYY|YYYYYYYY|YYYYYYYY|YYYYYYYY| +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ where * XXXXXXXX_XXXXXXXX_XXXXXXXX_XXXXXXXX is a big-endian IEEE 754 single precision floating point number. Extension of precision from single-precision to double-precision does not lose precision. * YYYYYYYY_YYYYYYYY_YYYYYYYY_YYYYYYYY_YYYYYYYY_YYYYYYYY_YYYYYYYY_YYYYYYYY is a big-endian IEEE 754 double precision floating point number"><pre class="notranslate"><code>float 32 stores a floating point number in IEEE 754 single precision floating point number format: +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ | 0xca |XXXXXXXX|XXXXXXXX|XXXXXXXX|XXXXXXXX| +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ float 64 stores a floating point number in IEEE 754 double precision floating point number format: +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ | 0xcb |YYYYYYYY|YYYYYYYY|YYYYYYYY|YYYYYYYY|YYYYYYYY|YYYYYYYY|YYYYYYYY|YYYYYYYY| +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ where * XXXXXXXX_XXXXXXXX_XXXXXXXX_XXXXXXXX is a big-endian IEEE 754 single precision floating point number. Extension of precision from single-precision to double-precision does not lose precision. * YYYYYYYY_YYYYYYYY_YYYYYYYY_YYYYYYYY_YYYYYYYY_YYYYYYYY_YYYYYYYY_YYYYYYYY is a big-endian IEEE 754 double precision floating point number </code></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">str format family</h3><a id="user-content-str-format-family" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: str format family" href="#str-format-family"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Str format family stores a byte array in 1, 2, 3, or 5 bytes of extra bytes in addition to the size of the byte array.</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="fixstr stores a byte array whose length is upto 31 bytes: +--------+========+ |101XXXXX| data | +--------+========+ str 8 stores a byte array whose length is upto (2^8)-1 bytes: +--------+--------+========+ | 0xd9 |YYYYYYYY| data | +--------+--------+========+ str 16 stores a byte array whose length is upto (2^16)-1 bytes: +--------+--------+--------+========+ | 0xda |ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ| data | +--------+--------+--------+========+ str 32 stores a byte array whose length is upto (2^32)-1 bytes: +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+========+ | 0xdb |AAAAAAAA|AAAAAAAA|AAAAAAAA|AAAAAAAA| data | +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+========+ where * XXXXX is a 5-bit unsigned integer which represents N * YYYYYYYY is a 8-bit unsigned integer which represents N * ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ is a 16-bit big-endian unsigned integer which represents N * AAAAAAAA_AAAAAAAA_AAAAAAAA_AAAAAAAA is a 32-bit big-endian unsigned integer which represents N * N is the length of data"><pre class="notranslate"><code>fixstr stores a byte array whose length is upto 31 bytes: +--------+========+ |101XXXXX| data | +--------+========+ str 8 stores a byte array whose length is upto (2^8)-1 bytes: +--------+--------+========+ | 0xd9 |YYYYYYYY| data | +--------+--------+========+ str 16 stores a byte array whose length is upto (2^16)-1 bytes: +--------+--------+--------+========+ | 0xda |ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ| data | +--------+--------+--------+========+ str 32 stores a byte array whose length is upto (2^32)-1 bytes: +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+========+ | 0xdb |AAAAAAAA|AAAAAAAA|AAAAAAAA|AAAAAAAA| data | +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+========+ where * XXXXX is a 5-bit unsigned integer which represents N * YYYYYYYY is a 8-bit unsigned integer which represents N * ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ is a 16-bit big-endian unsigned integer which represents N * AAAAAAAA_AAAAAAAA_AAAAAAAA_AAAAAAAA is a 32-bit big-endian unsigned integer which represents N * N is the length of data </code></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">bin format family</h3><a id="user-content-bin-format-family" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: bin format family" href="#bin-format-family"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Bin format family stores an byte array in 2, 3, or 5 bytes of extra bytes in addition to the size of the byte array.</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="bin 8 stores a byte array whose length is upto (2^8)-1 bytes: +--------+--------+========+ | 0xc4 |XXXXXXXX| data | +--------+--------+========+ bin 16 stores a byte array whose length is upto (2^16)-1 bytes: +--------+--------+--------+========+ | 0xc5 |YYYYYYYY|YYYYYYYY| data | +--------+--------+--------+========+ bin 32 stores a byte array whose length is upto (2^32)-1 bytes: +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+========+ | 0xc6 |ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ| data | +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+========+ where * XXXXXXXX is a 8-bit unsigned integer which represents N * YYYYYYYY_YYYYYYYY is a 16-bit big-endian unsigned integer which represents N * ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ is a 32-bit big-endian unsigned integer which represents N * N is the length of data"><pre class="notranslate"><code>bin 8 stores a byte array whose length is upto (2^8)-1 bytes: +--------+--------+========+ | 0xc4 |XXXXXXXX| data | +--------+--------+========+ bin 16 stores a byte array whose length is upto (2^16)-1 bytes: +--------+--------+--------+========+ | 0xc5 |YYYYYYYY|YYYYYYYY| data | +--------+--------+--------+========+ bin 32 stores a byte array whose length is upto (2^32)-1 bytes: +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+========+ | 0xc6 |ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ| data | +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+========+ where * XXXXXXXX is a 8-bit unsigned integer which represents N * YYYYYYYY_YYYYYYYY is a 16-bit big-endian unsigned integer which represents N * ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ is a 32-bit big-endian unsigned integer which represents N * N is the length of data </code></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">array format family</h3><a id="user-content-array-format-family" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: array format family" href="#array-format-family"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Array format family stores a sequence of elements in 1, 3, or 5 bytes of extra bytes in addition to the elements.</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="fixarray stores an array whose length is upto 15 elements: +--------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ |1001XXXX| N objects | +--------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ array 16 stores an array whose length is upto (2^16)-1 elements: +--------+--------+--------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ | 0xdc |YYYYYYYY|YYYYYYYY| N objects | +--------+--------+--------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ array 32 stores an array whose length is upto (2^32)-1 elements: +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ | 0xdd |ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ| N objects | +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ where * XXXX is a 4-bit unsigned integer which represents N * YYYYYYYY_YYYYYYYY is a 16-bit big-endian unsigned integer which represents N * ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ is a 32-bit big-endian unsigned integer which represents N * N is the size of an array"><pre class="notranslate"><code>fixarray stores an array whose length is upto 15 elements: +--------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ |1001XXXX| N objects | +--------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ array 16 stores an array whose length is upto (2^16)-1 elements: +--------+--------+--------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ | 0xdc |YYYYYYYY|YYYYYYYY| N objects | +--------+--------+--------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ array 32 stores an array whose length is upto (2^32)-1 elements: +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ | 0xdd |ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ| N objects | +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ where * XXXX is a 4-bit unsigned integer which represents N * YYYYYYYY_YYYYYYYY is a 16-bit big-endian unsigned integer which represents N * ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ is a 32-bit big-endian unsigned integer which represents N * N is the size of an array </code></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">map format family</h3><a id="user-content-map-format-family" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: map format family" href="#map-format-family"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Map format family stores a sequence of key-value pairs in 1, 3, or 5 bytes of extra bytes in addition to the key-value pairs.</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="fixmap stores a map whose length is upto 15 elements +--------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ |1000XXXX| N*2 objects | +--------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ map 16 stores a map whose length is upto (2^16)-1 elements +--------+--------+--------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ | 0xde |YYYYYYYY|YYYYYYYY| N*2 objects | +--------+--------+--------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ map 32 stores a map whose length is upto (2^32)-1 elements +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ | 0xdf |ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ| N*2 objects | +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ where * XXXX is a 4-bit unsigned integer which represents N * YYYYYYYY_YYYYYYYY is a 16-bit big-endian unsigned integer which represents N * ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ is a 32-bit big-endian unsigned integer which represents N * N is the size of a map * odd elements in objects are keys of a map * the next element of a key is its associated value"><pre class="notranslate"><code>fixmap stores a map whose length is upto 15 elements +--------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ |1000XXXX| N*2 objects | +--------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ map 16 stores a map whose length is upto (2^16)-1 elements +--------+--------+--------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ | 0xde |YYYYYYYY|YYYYYYYY| N*2 objects | +--------+--------+--------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ map 32 stores a map whose length is upto (2^32)-1 elements +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ | 0xdf |ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ| N*2 objects | +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ where * XXXX is a 4-bit unsigned integer which represents N * YYYYYYYY_YYYYYYYY is a 16-bit big-endian unsigned integer which represents N * ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ is a 32-bit big-endian unsigned integer which represents N * N is the size of a map * odd elements in objects are keys of a map * the next element of a key is its associated value </code></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">ext format family</h3><a id="user-content-ext-format-family" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: ext format family" href="#ext-format-family"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Ext format family stores a tuple of an integer and a byte array.</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="fixext 1 stores an integer and a byte array whose length is 1 byte +--------+--------+--------+ | 0xd4 | type | data | +--------+--------+--------+ fixext 2 stores an integer and a byte array whose length is 2 bytes +--------+--------+--------+--------+ | 0xd5 | type | data | +--------+--------+--------+--------+ fixext 4 stores an integer and a byte array whose length is 4 bytes +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ | 0xd6 | type | data | +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ fixext 8 stores an integer and a byte array whose length is 8 bytes +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ | 0xd7 | type | data | +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ fixext 16 stores an integer and a byte array whose length is 16 bytes +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ | 0xd8 | type | data +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ data (cont.) | +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ ext 8 stores an integer and a byte array whose length is upto (2^8)-1 bytes: +--------+--------+--------+========+ | 0xc7 |XXXXXXXX| type | data | +--------+--------+--------+========+ ext 16 stores an integer and a byte array whose length is upto (2^16)-1 bytes: +--------+--------+--------+--------+========+ | 0xc8 |YYYYYYYY|YYYYYYYY| type | data | +--------+--------+--------+--------+========+ ext 32 stores an integer and a byte array whose length is upto (2^32)-1 bytes: +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+========+ | 0xc9 |ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ| type | data | +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+========+ where * XXXXXXXX is a 8-bit unsigned integer which represents N * YYYYYYYY_YYYYYYYY is a 16-bit big-endian unsigned integer which represents N * ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ is a big-endian 32-bit unsigned integer which represents N * N is a length of data * type is a signed 8-bit signed integer * type < 0 is reserved for future extension including 2-byte type information"><pre class="notranslate"><code>fixext 1 stores an integer and a byte array whose length is 1 byte +--------+--------+--------+ | 0xd4 | type | data | +--------+--------+--------+ fixext 2 stores an integer and a byte array whose length is 2 bytes +--------+--------+--------+--------+ | 0xd5 | type | data | +--------+--------+--------+--------+ fixext 4 stores an integer and a byte array whose length is 4 bytes +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ | 0xd6 | type | data | +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ fixext 8 stores an integer and a byte array whose length is 8 bytes +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ | 0xd7 | type | data | +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ fixext 16 stores an integer and a byte array whose length is 16 bytes +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ | 0xd8 | type | data +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ data (cont.) | +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ ext 8 stores an integer and a byte array whose length is upto (2^8)-1 bytes: +--------+--------+--------+========+ | 0xc7 |XXXXXXXX| type | data | +--------+--------+--------+========+ ext 16 stores an integer and a byte array whose length is upto (2^16)-1 bytes: +--------+--------+--------+--------+========+ | 0xc8 |YYYYYYYY|YYYYYYYY| type | data | +--------+--------+--------+--------+========+ ext 32 stores an integer and a byte array whose length is upto (2^32)-1 bytes: +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+========+ | 0xc9 |ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ|ZZZZZZZZ| type | data | +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+========+ where * XXXXXXXX is a 8-bit unsigned integer which represents N * YYYYYYYY_YYYYYYYY is a 16-bit big-endian unsigned integer which represents N * ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ_ZZZZZZZZ is a big-endian 32-bit unsigned integer which represents N * N is a length of data * type is a signed 8-bit signed integer * type < 0 is reserved for future extension including 2-byte type information </code></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Timestamp extension type</h3><a id="user-content-timestamp-extension-type" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Timestamp extension type" href="#timestamp-extension-type"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Timestamp extension type is assigned to extension type <code>-1</code>. It defines 3 formats: 32-bit format, 64-bit format, and 96-bit format.</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="timestamp 32 stores the number of seconds that have elapsed since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC in an 32-bit unsigned integer: +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ | 0xd6 | -1 | seconds in 32-bit unsigned int | +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ timestamp 64 stores the number of seconds and nanoseconds that have elapsed since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC in 32-bit unsigned integers: +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+------|-+--------+--------+--------+--------+ | 0xd7 | -1 | nanosec. in 30-bit unsigned int | seconds in 34-bit unsigned int | +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+------^-+--------+--------+--------+--------+ timestamp 96 stores the number of seconds and nanoseconds that have elapsed since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC in 64-bit signed integer and 32-bit unsigned integer: +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ | 0xc7 | 12 | -1 |nanoseconds in 32-bit unsigned int | +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ seconds in 64-bit signed int | +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+"><pre class="notranslate"><code>timestamp 32 stores the number of seconds that have elapsed since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC in an 32-bit unsigned integer: +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ | 0xd6 | -1 | seconds in 32-bit unsigned int | +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ timestamp 64 stores the number of seconds and nanoseconds that have elapsed since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC in 32-bit unsigned integers: +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+------|-+--------+--------+--------+--------+ | 0xd7 | -1 | nanosec. in 30-bit unsigned int | seconds in 34-bit unsigned int | +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+------^-+--------+--------+--------+--------+ timestamp 96 stores the number of seconds and nanoseconds that have elapsed since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC in 64-bit signed integer and 32-bit unsigned integer: +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ | 0xc7 | 12 | -1 |nanoseconds in 32-bit unsigned int | +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ seconds in 64-bit signed int | +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+ </code></pre></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Timestamp 32 format can represent a timestamp in [1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC, 2106-02-07 06:28:16 UTC) range. Nanoseconds part is 0.</li> <li>Timestamp 64 format can represent a timestamp in [1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000000 UTC, 2514-05-30 01:53:04.000000000 UTC) range.</li> <li>Timestamp 96 format can represent a timestamp in [-292277022657-01-27 08:29:52 UTC, 292277026596-12-04 15:30:08.000000000 UTC) range.</li> <li>In timestamp 64 and timestamp 96 formats, nanoseconds must not be larger than 999999999.</li> </ul> <p dir="auto">Pseudo code for serialization:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="struct timespec { long tv_sec; // seconds long tv_nsec; // nanoseconds } time; if ((time.tv_sec >> 34) == 0) { uint64_t data64 = (time.tv_nsec << 34) | time.tv_sec; if (data64 & 0xffffffff00000000L == 0) { // timestamp 32 uint32_t data32 = data64; serialize(0xd6, -1, data32) } else { // timestamp 64 serialize(0xd7, -1, data64) } } else { // timestamp 96 serialize(0xc7, 12, -1, time.tv_nsec, time.tv_sec) }"><pre class="notranslate"><code>struct timespec { long tv_sec; // seconds long tv_nsec; // nanoseconds } time; if ((time.tv_sec >> 34) == 0) { uint64_t data64 = (time.tv_nsec << 34) | time.tv_sec; if (data64 & 0xffffffff00000000L == 0) { // timestamp 32 uint32_t data32 = data64; serialize(0xd6, -1, data32) } else { // timestamp 64 serialize(0xd7, -1, data64) } } else { // timestamp 96 serialize(0xc7, 12, -1, time.tv_nsec, time.tv_sec) } </code></pre></div> <p dir="auto">Pseudo code for deserialization:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=" ExtensionValue value = deserialize_ext_type(); struct timespec result; switch(value.length) { case 4: uint32_t data32 = value.payload; result.tv_nsec = 0; result.tv_sec = data32; case 8: uint64_t data64 = value.payload; result.tv_nsec = data64 >> 34; result.tv_sec = data64 & 0x00000003ffffffffL; case 12: uint32_t data32 = value.payload; uint64_t data64 = value.payload + 4; result.tv_nsec = data32; result.tv_sec = data64; default: // error }"><pre class="notranslate"><code> ExtensionValue value = deserialize_ext_type(); struct timespec result; switch(value.length) { case 4: uint32_t data32 = value.payload; result.tv_nsec = 0; result.tv_sec = data32; case 8: uint64_t data64 = value.payload; result.tv_nsec = data64 >> 34; result.tv_sec = data64 & 0x00000003ffffffffL; case 12: uint32_t data32 = value.payload; uint64_t data64 = value.payload + 4; result.tv_nsec = data32; result.tv_sec = data64; default: // error } </code></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Serialization: type to format conversion</h2><a id="user-content-serialization-type-to-format-conversion" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Serialization: type to format conversion" href="#serialization-type-to-format-conversion"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">MessagePack serializers convert MessagePack types into formats as following:</p> <markdown-accessiblity-table><table> <thead> <tr> <th>source types</th> <th>output format</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Integer</td> <td>int format family (positive fixint, negative fixint, int 8/16/32/64 or uint 8/16/32/64)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Nil</td> <td>nil</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Boolean</td> <td>bool format family (false or true)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Float</td> <td>float format family (float 32/64)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>String</td> <td>str format family (fixstr or str 8/16/32)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Binary</td> <td>bin format family (bin 8/16/32)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Array</td> <td>array format family (fixarray or array 16/32)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Map</td> <td>map format family (fixmap or map 16/32)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Extension</td> <td>ext format family (fixext or ext 8/16/32)</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></markdown-accessiblity-table> <p dir="auto">If an object can be represented in multiple possible output formats, serializers SHOULD use the format which represents the data in the smallest number of bytes.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Deserialization: format to type conversion</h2><a id="user-content-deserialization-format-to-type-conversion" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Deserialization: format to type conversion" href="#deserialization-format-to-type-conversion"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">MessagePack deserializers convert MessagePack formats into types as following:</p> <markdown-accessiblity-table><table> <thead> <tr> <th>source formats</th> <th>output type</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>positive fixint, negative fixint, int 8/16/32/64 and uint 8/16/32/64</td> <td>Integer</td> </tr> <tr> <td>nil</td> <td>Nil</td> </tr> <tr> <td>false and true</td> <td>Boolean</td> </tr> <tr> <td>float 32/64</td> <td>Float</td> </tr> <tr> <td>fixstr and str 8/16/32</td> <td>String</td> </tr> <tr> <td>bin 8/16/32</td> <td>Binary</td> </tr> <tr> <td>fixarray and array 16/32</td> <td>Array</td> </tr> <tr> <td>fixmap map 16/32</td> <td>Map</td> </tr> <tr> <td>fixext and ext 8/16/32</td> <td>Extension</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></markdown-accessiblity-table> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Future discussion</h2><a id="user-content-future-discussion" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Future discussion" href="#future-discussion"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Profile</h3><a id="user-content-profile" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Profile" href="#profile"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Profile is an idea that Applications restrict the semantics of MessagePack while sharing the same syntax to adapt MessagePack for certain use cases.</p> <p dir="auto">For example, applications may remove Binary type, restrict keys of map objects to be String type, and put some restrictions to make the semantics compatible with JSON. Applications which use schema may remove String and Binary types and deal with byte arrays as Raw type. Applications which use hash (digest) of serialized data may sort keys of maps to make the serialized data deterministic.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Implementation guidelines</h2><a id="user-content-implementation-guidelines" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Implementation guidelines" href="#implementation-guidelines"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Upgrading MessagePack specification</h3><a id="user-content-upgrading-messagepack-specification" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Upgrading MessagePack specification" href="#upgrading-messagepack-specification"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">MessagePack specification is changed at this time. Here is a guideline to upgrade existent MessagePack implementations:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>In a minor release, deserializers support the bin format family and str 8 format. The type of deserialized objects should be same with raw 16 (== str 16) or raw 32 (== str 32)</li> <li>In a major release, serializers distinguish Binary type and String type using bin format family and str format family <ul dir="auto"> <li>At the same time, serializers should offer "compatibility mode" which doesn't use bin format family and str 8 format</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <hr> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="MessagePack specification Last modified at 2017-08-09 22:42:07 -0700 Sadayuki Furuhashi © 2013-04-21 21:52:33 -0700"><pre class="notranslate"><code>MessagePack specification Last modified at 2017-08-09 22:42:07 -0700 Sadayuki Furuhashi © 2013-04-21 21:52:33 -0700 </code></pre></div> </article></div><button hidden=""></button></section></div></div></div> <!-- --> <!-- --> </div></div></div><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0"></div></div></div></div></div><div id="find-result-marks-container" 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js-clipboard-copy m-2 p-0" data-copy-feedback="Copied!" data-tooltip-direction="w"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copy js-clipboard-copy-icon m-2"> <path d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25Z"></path><path d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 5 9.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path> </svg> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check js-clipboard-check-icon color-fg-success d-none m-2"> <path d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L2.22 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.138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path> </svg> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check js-clipboard-check-icon color-fg-success d-none"> <path d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path> </svg> </clipboard-copy> </div> </template> </div> <div id="js-global-screen-reader-notice" class="sr-only mt-n1" aria-live="polite" aria-atomic="true" ></div> <div id="js-global-screen-reader-notice-assertive" class="sr-only mt-n1" aria-live="assertive" aria-atomic="true"></div> </body> </html>