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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Model rocket motor classification</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Model+rocket+motor+classification%22">"Model rocket motor classification"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Model+rocket+motor+classification%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Model+rocket+motor+classification%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Model+rocket+motor+classification%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Model+rocket+motor+classification%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Model+rocket+motor+classification%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Motors for <a href="/wiki/Model_rocket" title="Model rocket">model rockets</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/High-power_rocketry" title="High-power rocketry">high-powered rockets</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (together, consumer rockets) are classified by total <a href="/wiki/Impulse_(physics)" title="Impulse (physics)">impulse</a> into a set of letter-designated ranges, from ⅛<b>A</b> up to <b>O</b>. The total impulse is the integral of the thrust over burn time. </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{T}=\int \limits _{0}^{t}F_{thrust}(t^{\prime })dt^{\prime }=F_{ave}t.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <munderover> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </munderover> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>t</mi> <mi>h</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mi>t</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi class="MJX-variant" mathvariant="normal">′</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mi>d</mi> <msup> <mi>t</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi class="MJX-variant" mathvariant="normal">′</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> <mi>v</mi> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mi>t</mi> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{T}=\int \limits _{0}^{t}F_{thrust}(t^{\prime })dt^{\prime }=F_{ave}t.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/81385814fd61551aa4b5a1cbe95a416ccb8b8806" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.005ex; width:29.693ex; height:9.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{T}=\int \limits _{0}^{t}F_{thrust}(t^{\prime })dt^{\prime }=F_{ave}t.}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Where <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>t</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/65658b7b223af9e1acc877d848888ecdb4466560" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.84ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t}"></span> is the burn time in seconds, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F_{thrust}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>t</mi> <mi>h</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F_{thrust}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ce01fb6839826fe634c0e8f6216e446c6d9e2398" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:6.314ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F_{thrust}}"></span> is the instantaneous thrust in newtons, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F_{ave}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>F</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> <mi>v</mi> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F_{ave}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4b10551ea199a0f05085b3739bb98924bff4350d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:4.16ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F_{ave}}"></span> is average thrust in newtons, and <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{T}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{T}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e4a1e605b769d37eb54fe2e9c039956741e921d2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.882ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{T}}"></span> is the total impulse in newton seconds. Class A is from 1.26 <a href="/wiki/Newton-second" title="Newton-second">newton-seconds</a> (conversion factor 4.448 N per lb. force) to 2.5 N·s, and each class is then double the total impulse of the preceding class, with Class B being 2.51 to 5.00 N·s. The letter (<b>M</b>) would represent the total impulse of between 5,120.01 and 10,240.00 N·s of impulse. Motors <b>E</b> and below are considered low power rocket motors. Motors between <b>F</b> and <b>G</b> are considered mid-power, while motors <b>H</b> and above being high-powered rocket motors. Motors which would be classified beyond O are in the realm of <a href="/wiki/Amateur_rocketry" title="Amateur rocketry">amateur rocketry</a> (in this context, the term <i>amateur</i> refers to the rocketeer's independence from an established commercial or government organization). Professional organizations use the nomenclature of average thrust and burning time. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rocket_motor_codes">Rocket motor codes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Model_rocket_motor_classification&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Rocket motor codes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The designation for a specific motor looks like <b>C6-3</b>. In this example, the letter (<b>C</b>) represents the total <a href="/wiki/Impulse_(physics)" title="Impulse (physics)">impulse</a> range of the motor, the number (<b>6</b>) before the dash represents the average <a href="/wiki/Thrust" title="Thrust">thrust</a> in <a href="/wiki/Newton_(unit)" title="Newton (unit)">newtons</a>, and the number (<b>3</b>) after the dash represents the delay in seconds from propelling charge burnout to the firing of the ejection charge (a <a href="/wiki/Gas_generator" title="Gas generator">gas generator</a> composition, usually <a href="/wiki/Black_powder" class="mw-redirect" title="Black powder">black powder</a>, designed to deploy the recovery system). A C6-3 motor would have between 5.01 and 10 N·s of impulse, produce 6 <a href="/wiki/Newton_(unit)" title="Newton (unit)">N</a> average thrust, and fire an ejection charge 3 seconds after burnout. </p><p>An attempt was made by motor manufacturers in 1982 to further clarify the motor code by writing the total impulse in newton-seconds before the code. This allowed the burn duration to be computed from the provided numbers. Additionally, the motor code was followed by a letter designation denoting the type of propellant.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The propellant designations are manufacturer specific. This standard is still not fully adopted, with some manufacturers adopting parts or all of the additional nomenclature. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Motor_impulse_by_class">Motor impulse by class</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Model_rocket_motor_classification&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Motor impulse by class"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th align="left">  Class<br /> (Base 26) </th> <th>Total Impulse<br /> (N·s) </th> <th>Total Impulse<br /> (lbf·s) </th> <th>Aerospace Vehicle <br /> or Rocket(s) </th> <th>US Requirements </th></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>Micro</td> <td>0–0.3125</td> <td>0–0.07</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>1/4A</td> <td>0.3126–0.625</td> <td>0.071–0.14</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>1/2A</td> <td>0.626–1.25</td> <td>0.141–0.28</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>A</td> <td>1.26–2.50</td> <td>0.281–0.56</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>B</td> <td>2.51–5.00</td> <td>0.561–1.12</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>C</td> <td>5.01–10.0</td> <td>1.121–2.25</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>D</td> <td>10.01–20.0</td> <td>2.251–4.5</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>E</td> <td>20.01–40.0</td> <td>4.51–8.99</td> <td>Most Water Bottle Rockets</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>F</td> <td>40.01–80.0</td> <td>8.991–18.0</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>G</td> <td>80.01–160</td> <td>18.01–36.0</td> <td>Invictus</td> <td>Largest model rocket motor according to TRA and NAR. </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>H</td> <td>160.01–320</td> <td>36.01–71.9</td> <td></td> <td>Level 1 Certification required for purchase, available from <a href="/wiki/Tripoli_Rocketry_Association" title="Tripoli Rocketry Association">Tripoli</a> or <a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Rocketry" title="National Association of Rocketry">NAR</a>. <br />Under 125g propellant is Federal Aviation Administration exempt. </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>I</td> <td>320.01–640</td> <td>71.9–144</td> <td>THRUST TU-1 rocket<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>J</td> <td>640.01–1,280</td> <td>144.01–288</td> <td></td> <td>Level 2 Certification required for purchase, available from <a href="/wiki/Tripoli_Rocketry_Association" title="Tripoli Rocketry Association">Tripoli</a> or <a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Rocketry" title="National Association of Rocketry">NAR</a>. </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>K</td> <td>1,280.01–2,560</td> <td>288.01–576</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>L</td> <td>2,560.01–5,120</td> <td>576.01–1,151</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>M</td> <td>5,120.01–10,240</td> <td>1,151.01–2,302</td> <td></td> <td>Level 3 Certification required for purchase, available from <a href="/wiki/Tripoli_Rocketry_Association" title="Tripoli Rocketry Association">Tripoli</a> or <a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Rocketry" title="National Association of Rocketry">NAR</a>. </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>N</td> <td>10,240.01–20,480</td> <td>2,302.01–4,604</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>O</td> <td>20,480.01–40,960</td> <td>4,604.01–9,208</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>P</td> <td>40,960–81,920</td> <td>9,210–18,400</td> <td>Horizon 1<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />GTXR's EPS11<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/FAA" class="mw-redirect" title="FAA">FAA/AST</a> Class 3 waiver required.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>Q</td> <td>81,920–163,840</td> <td>18,400–36,800</td> <td>GTXR's Material Girl<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>R</td> <td>163,840–327,680</td> <td>36,800–73,700</td> <td>USCRPL's Traveler IV<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>S</td> <td>327,680–655,360</td> <td>73,700–147,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/WAC_Corporal" title="WAC Corporal">WAC Corporal</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Civilian_Space_eXploration_Team" title="Civilian Space eXploration Team">CSXT GoFast</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Largest motor used by amateurs.<sup id="cite_ref-CSXT_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSXT-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5">The following classifies professional propulsion systems using amateur motor codes, which are not used in industry. </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>T</td> <td>655 k–1,311 k</td> <td>147,000–295,000</td> <td></td> <td>200,000 lbf-s is the limit for FAA definition of an "amateur" rocket <sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>U</td> <td>1,311 k–2,621 k</td> <td>295,000–589,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollo Program">Apollo</a> <a href="/wiki/Launch_Escape_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Launch Escape System">launch escape rocket</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>V</td> <td>2,621 k–5,243 k</td> <td>589,000–1,180,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bloodhound_SSC" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloodhound SSC">Bloodhound SSC hybrid rocket</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>W</td> <td>5,243 k–10,486 k</td> <td>1,180,000–2,360,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/S-Series_(rocket_family)" title="S-Series (rocket family)">SS-520</a><sup id="cite_ref-Total_vacuum_impulse_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Total_vacuum_impulse-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Smallest orbital rocket<sup id="cite_ref-nasaspaceflights520sc_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasaspaceflights520sc-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>X</td> <td>10,486 k–20,972 k</td> <td>2,360,000–4,710,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lambda_4S" title="Lambda 4S">Lambda 4S</a><sup id="cite_ref-Total_vacuum_impulse_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Total_vacuum_impulse-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>Y</td> <td>20,972 k–41,943 k</td> <td>4,710,000–9,430,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_(rocket)" title="Vanguard (rocket)">Vanguard</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Graphite-Epoxy_Motor" title="Graphite-Epoxy Motor">GEM-40</a> SRB<br /><a href="/wiki/Electron_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Electron (rocket)">Electron</a><sup id="cite_ref-Total_vacuum_impulse_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Total_vacuum_impulse-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>Z</td> <td>41,943 k–83,886 k</td> <td>9,430,000–18,900,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Black_Arrow" title="Black Arrow">Black Arrow</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mercury-Redstone_Launch_Vehicle" title="Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle">Mercury-Redstone</a><sup id="cite_ref-Total_vacuum_impulse_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Total_vacuum_impulse-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_Pegasus" title="Northrop Grumman Pegasus">Pegasus-XL</a><sup id="cite_ref-Total_vacuum_impulse_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Total_vacuum_impulse-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>AA</td> <td>83.89 M–167.8 M</td> <td>18,900,000–37,700,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Falcon_1" title="Falcon 1">Falcon 1</a><sup id="cite_ref-Total_vacuum_impulse_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Total_vacuum_impulse-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Minotaur_I" title="Minotaur I">Minotaur I</a><sup id="cite_ref-Total_vacuum_impulse_15-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Total_vacuum_impulse-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/VLS-1" title="VLS-1">VLS-1</a><sup id="cite_ref-Total_vacuum_impulse_15-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Total_vacuum_impulse-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>AB</td> <td>167.8 M–335.5 M</td> <td>37,700,000–75,400,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/M-V" title="M-V">M-V</a><sup id="cite_ref-Total_vacuum_impulse_15-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Total_vacuum_impulse-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Minotaur-C" title="Minotaur-C">Minotaur-C</a><sup id="cite_ref-Total_vacuum_impulse_15-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Total_vacuum_impulse-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Strela_(rocket)" title="Strela (rocket)">Strela</a><sup id="cite_ref-Total_vacuum_impulse_15-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Total_vacuum_impulse-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>AC</td> <td>335.5 M–671.1 M</td> <td>75,400,000–151,000,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ariane_3" title="Ariane 3">Ariane 3</a><sup id="cite_ref-Total_vacuum_impulse_15-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Total_vacuum_impulse-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/LGM-25C_Titan_II" title="LGM-25C Titan II">Titan II</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Dnepr_(rocket)" title="Dnepr (rocket)">Dnepr</a><sup id="cite_ref-Total_vacuum_impulse_15-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Total_vacuum_impulse-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>AD</td> <td>671.1 M–1,342 M</td> <td>151,000,000–302,000,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vostok_(rocket_family)" title="Vostok (rocket family)">Vostok</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Delta_II" title="Delta II">Delta II</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9_v1.0" title="Falcon 9 v1.0">Falcon 9 v1.0</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>AE</td> <td>1,342 M–2,684 M</td> <td>302,000,000–603,000,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9_v1.1" title="Falcon 9 v1.1">Falcon 9 v1.1</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9_Full_Thrust" title="Falcon 9 Full Thrust">Falcon 9 Full Thrust</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Delta_IV_Heavy" title="Delta IV Heavy">Delta IV Heavy</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>AF</td> <td>2,684 M–5,369 M</td> <td>603,000,000–1,210,000,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlas_V#Atlas_V_Heavy" title="Atlas V">Atlas V Heavy</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Falcon_Heavy" title="Falcon Heavy">Falcon Heavy</a><br /><a href="/wiki/New_Glenn" title="New Glenn">New Glenn</a><sup id="cite_ref-Total_vacuum_impulse_15-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Total_vacuum_impulse-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>AG</td> <td>5.369 G–10.74 G</td> <td>1.21*10<sup>9</sup>–2.41*10<sup>9</sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Saturn_V" title="Saturn V">Saturn V</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">Space Launch System</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>AH</td> <td>10.74 G–21.47 G</td> <td>2.41*10<sup>9</sup>–4.82*10<sup>9</sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ares_V" title="Ares V">Ares V</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Long_March_(rocket_family)#Long_March_9" title="Long March (rocket family)">Long March 9</a><br /><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Starship" title="SpaceX Starship">Starship Block 1</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>AI</td> <td>21.47 G–42.95 G</td> <td>4.82*10<sup>9</sup>–9.64*10<sup>9</sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Starship" title="SpaceX Starship">Starship Block 3</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="right"> <td>AJ</td> <td>42.95 G–85.9 G</td> <td>9.64*10<sup>9</sup>–19.3*10<sup>9</sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sea_Dragon_(rocket)" title="Sea Dragon (rocket)">Sea Dragon</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Universal_Rocket#UR-700" title="Universal Rocket">UR-700M</a></td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governmental_regulation">Governmental regulation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Model_rocket_motor_classification&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Governmental regulation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In many countries, the sale, possession, and use of model rocket motors is subject to governmental rules and regulations. High-power rockets in the United States are only federally regulated in their flight guidelines by the FAA. These regulations are codified in FAA FAR Part 101. Rockets under 125g propellant and 1500g liftoff mass are exempt from most requirements. Beyond that a free "Waiver" is required from a FAA field office. </p><p>However, some of the consumer motor manufacturers and two U.S. national rocketry organizations have established a self-regulating industry and codified it in <a href="/wiki/National_Fire_Protection_Association" title="National Fire Protection Association">National Fire Protection Association</a> (NFPA) "model" code documents, which are adopted only in specific circumstances and jurisdictions, largely in conjunction with fire and building codes. This self-regulation of industry suggests a user to become certified for use before a manufacturer will sell him a motor. In the United States, the two recognized organizations that provide high-power certifications are <a href="/wiki/Tripoli_Rocketry_Association" title="Tripoli Rocketry Association">Tripoli Rocketry Association</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Rocketry" title="National Association of Rocketry">National Association of Rocketry</a>. Both these organizations have three levels of certification which involves building progressively more complex and higher powered rockets and taking a test of safety rules and regulations. With the national member association bodies using published safety codes. In Canada, the Canadian Association of Rocketry has a four-step certification process, but all three organizations accept the other's certifications if a flyer shows up at a high-power launch and wishes to fly under their sanction. Level 1 certification from NAR or TRA qualifies one to purchase and use an H or I motor, Level 2 certification J, K, and L motors, and Level 3 certification M, N, and O motors. Canada adds another step in between, and has a Level 4 which is the same as US Level 3. </p><p>In the late 1990s, the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco,_Firearms_and_Explosives" title="Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives">Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives</a> began requiring<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that individuals obtain a Low Explosives Users Permit (LEUP) to possess and use high-powered motors. On February 11, 2000, Tripoli Rocketry Association and the National Association of Rocketry filed suit in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia claiming that the BATF applied "onerous and prohibitive civil regulations" against sport rocketry hobbyists due to the Bureau's improper designation of <a href="/wiki/Ammonium_perchlorate_composite_propellant" title="Ammonium perchlorate composite propellant">ammonium perchlorate composite propellant</a> (APCP) as an explosive. APCP is used in most high-power rocket motors. The commentary by BATFE staff in response to objections to adding new enforcement against hobby rocket motors is quite instructive.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, the court ruled in favor of the hobby organizations and ordered the BATF to remove APCP and other slow burning materials from its list of regulated explosives.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That judgement established 1 meter per second burning rate ("ATFE’s own burn rate threshold for deflagration is 1000 millimeters (or one meter) per second." Tripoli Rocketry Ass’n, 437 F.3d at 81–82) as the threshold for a material on the BATFE list of explosive materials.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vendors">Vendors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Model_rocket_motor_classification&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Vendors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The largest vendor of model rocket motors in the world is <a href="/wiki/Estes_Industries" title="Estes Industries">Estes Industries</a>. The largest vendors of high-power rocket motors in the world are Cesaroni Technology Inc. and RCS Rocket Motor Components, Inc. </p><p>The very first model rocket motor certified was by Model Missiles Inc. (Orville Carslile). Circa 1958. The very first high-power rocket motor certified was by U.S. Rockets (Jerry Irvine). Circa 1985. The very first APCP propellant model rocket motor made was by Rocket Development Corporation (Irv Wait). Circa 1970. </p><p>The largest vendor of professional solid rockets in the world is <a href="/wiki/Orbital_ATK" title="Orbital ATK">Orbital ATK</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Model_rocket_motor_classification&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jetex" title="Jetex">Jetex (Aerodynamic lift)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-power_rocketry" title="High-power rocketry">High-power rocketry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_rocket" title="Model rocket">Model rocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid-propellant_rocket" title="Solid-propellant rocket">Solid-propellant rocket</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Model_rocket_motor_classification&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">NAR website: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.nar.org/safety-information/model-rocket-safety-code/">http://www.nar.org/safety-information/model-rocket-safety-code/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">NAR website: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.nar.org/safety-information/high-power-rocket-safety-code/">http://www.nar.org/safety-information/high-power-rocket-safety-code/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">USR website FS photograph: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://v-serv.com/usr/motors/images/CinerocFS5.jpg">http://v-serv.com/usr/motors/images/CinerocFS5.jpg</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2YIaAHpn4P4">"TU-1 Development"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>. 14 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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