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aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">外观</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh" class=""><span>资助维基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>历史</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-历史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关历史子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-春秋戰國時期（公元前770年—公元前221年）" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#春秋戰國時期（公元前770年—公元前221年）"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>春秋戰國時期（公元前770年—公元前221年）</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-春秋戰國時期（公元前770年—公元前221年）-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-秦长城（公元前221年）" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#秦长城（公元前221年）"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>秦长城（公元前221年）</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-秦长城（公元前221年）-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-汉长城（公元前121年）" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#汉长城（公元前121年）"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>汉长城（公元前121年）</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-汉长城（公元前121年）-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-北朝长城" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#北朝长城"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>北朝长城</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-北朝长城-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-隋长城" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#隋长城"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>隋长城</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-隋长城-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-唐代" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#唐代"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>唐代</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-唐代-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-遼金长城" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#遼金长城"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>遼金长城</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-遼金长城-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-明长城" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#明长城"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>明长城</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-明长城-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-山西、河北的内、外长城" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#山西、河北的内、外长城"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.1</span> <span>山西、河北的内、外长城</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-山西、河北的内、外长城-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-构筑" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#构筑"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>构筑</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-构筑-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关构筑子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-构筑-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-构筑法则" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#构筑法则"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>构筑法则</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-构筑法则-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-建筑材料与构筑方法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#建筑材料与构筑方法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>建筑材料与构筑方法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-建筑材料与构筑方法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-形制与体系" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#形制与体系"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>形制与体系</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-形制与体系-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关形制与体系子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-形制与体系-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-关隘" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#关隘"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>关隘</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-关隘-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-著名关城" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#著名关城"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>著名关城</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-著名关城-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-烽燧" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#烽燧"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>烽燧</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-烽燧-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他附属设施" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他附属设施"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>其他附属设施</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其他附属设施-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-军政意义" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#军政意义"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>军政意义</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-军政意义-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文化意义" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文化意义"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>文化意义</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文化意义-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-保护" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#保护"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>保护</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-保护-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>参考资料</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关参考资料子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-引用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#引用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>引用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-引用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-来源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#来源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>来源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-来源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">长城</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。163种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-163" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">163种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groot_Muur_van_China" title="Groot Muur van China – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Groot Muur van China" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinesische_Mauer" title="Chinesische Mauer – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Chinesische Mauer" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%89%BB%E1%8B%AD%E1%8A%93_%E1%89%B3%E1%88%8B%E1%89%85_%E1%8C%8D%E1%8B%B5%E1%8C%8D%E1%8B%B3" title="የቻይና ታላቅ ግድግዳ – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የቻይና ታላቅ ግድግዳ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Muralla_Chinesa" title="Gran Muralla Chinesa – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Gran Muralla Chinesa" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85" title="سور الصين العظيم – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سور الصين العظيم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7" title="السور العظيم ديال الشينوا – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="السور العظيم ديال الشينوا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85" title="سور الصين العظيم – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سور الصين العظيم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%80%E0%A7%B0" title="চীনৰ মহাপ্ৰাচীৰ – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="চীনৰ মহাপ্ৰাচীৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Muralla_China" title="Gran Muralla China – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Gran Muralla China" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B6y%C3%BCk_%C3%87in_s%C9%99ddi" title="Böyük Çin səddi – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Böyük Çin səddi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="چین دیواری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="چین دیواری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A9%D0%B9%D3%A9%D0%BA_%D2%A0%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Бөйөк Ҡытай диуары – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Бөйөк Ҡытай диуары" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C4%97dl%C4%ABsis_K%C4%97n%C4%97j%C4%97s_robe%C5%BEios" title="Dėdlīsis Kėnėjės robežios – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Dėdlīsis Kėnėjės robežios" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakulang_Pader_kan_Tsina" title="Dakulang Pader kan Tsina – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Dakulang Pader kan Tsina" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Вялікая Кітайская сцяна – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вялікая Кітайская сцяна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Вялікая кітайская сьцяна – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вялікая кітайская сьцяна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Велика китайска стена – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Велика китайска стена" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2" title="चीन के देवाल – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="चीन के देवाल" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B0" title="চীনের মহাপ্রাচীর – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চীনের মহাপ্রাচীর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A3%E0%BE%95%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8D" title="ལྕགས་རི་རིང་པོ། – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ལྕགས་རི་རིང་པོ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moger_Vras_Sina" title="Moger Vras Sina – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Moger Vras Sina" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veliki_kineski_zid" title="Veliki kineski zid – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Veliki kineski zid" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Muralla_Xinesa" title="Gran Muralla Xinesa – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gran Muralla Xinesa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C3%B2ng-si%C3%A0ng" title="Diòng-siàng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Diòng-siàng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%85%D0%B0_%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Боккха Цийн пен – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Боккха Цийн пен" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="دیواری چین – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دیواری چین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grandi_Muraglia_Chinesa" title="Grandi Muraglia Chinesa – 科西嘉语" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Grandi Muraglia Chinesa" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_%C3%87in_divar%C4%B1" title="Büyük Çin divarı – 克里米亚鞑靼语" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Büyük Çin divarı" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亚鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velk%C3%A1_%C4%8D%C3%ADnsk%C3%A1_ze%C4%8F" title="Velká čínská zeď – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Velká čínská zeď" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%C4%83%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%C4%83_%D1%85%D3%B3%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Киттайăн аслă хӳми – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Киттайăн аслă хӳми" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mur_Mawr_Tsieina" title="Mur Mawr Tsieina – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mur Mawr Tsieina" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_Kinesiske_Mur" title="Den Kinesiske Mur – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Den Kinesiske Mur" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinesische_Mauer" title="Chinesische Mauer – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chinesische Mauer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bend%C3%AA_%C3%87ini" title="Bendê Çini – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Bendê Çini" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2" title="चीनको विशाल पर्खाल – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="चीनको विशाल पर्खाल" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%97%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%A7%DE%8E%DE%AC_%DE%84%DE%AE%DE%91%DE%AA_%DE%8A%DE%A7%DE%83%DE%AA" title="ޗައިނާގެ ބޮޑު ފާރު – 迪维希语" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޗައިނާގެ ބޮޑު ފާރު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="迪维希语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AD%CE%B3%CE%B1_%CE%A3%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%A4%CE%B5%CE%AF%CF%87%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Μέγα Σινικό Τείχος – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μέγα Σινικό Τείχος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Wall_of_China" title="Great Wall of China – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Great Wall of China" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granda_%C4%88ina_Muro" title="Granda Ĉina Muro – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Granda Ĉina Muro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Muralla_China" title="Gran Muralla China – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gran Muralla China" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suur_Hiina_m%C3%BC%C3%BCr" title="Suur Hiina müür – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Suur Hiina müür" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txinako_Harresi_Handia" title="Txinako Harresi Handia – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Txinako Harresi Handia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%B1%DA%AF_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="دیوار بزرگ چین – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دیوار بزرگ چین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="推荐条目"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiinan_muuri" title="Kiinan muuri – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kiinan muuri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiina_m%C3%BC%C3%BCr" title="Hiina müür – 佛羅文" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Hiina müür" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="佛羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinesiski_m%C3%BArurin" title="Kinesiski múrurin – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kinesiski múrurin" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grande_Muraille" title="Grande Muraille – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Grande Muraille" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjineesk_M%C3%BC%C3%BCr" title="Sjineesk Müür – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Sjineesk Müür" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sineeske_Muorre" title="Sineeske Muorre – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sineeske Muorre" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balla_M%C3%B3r_na_S%C3%ADne" title="Balla Mór na Síne – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Balla Mór na Síne" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E5%9F%8E" title="長城 – 赣语" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="長城" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="赣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grann_Miray" title="Grann Miray – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Grann Miray" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balla_M%C3%B2r_Sh%C3%ACona" title="Balla Mòr Shìona – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Balla Mòr Shìona" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Muralla_Chinesa" title="Gran Muralla Chinesa – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gran Muralla Chinesa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongoraha_Guasu_Chinagua" title="Mongoraha Guasu Chinagua – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mongoraha Guasu Chinagua" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9A%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%80_%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%96%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A4_%E0%AA%A6%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B2" title="ચીનની વિખ્યાત દીવાલ – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ચીનની વિખ્યાત દીવાલ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babbar_Ganuwar_%C6%98asar_Sin" title="Babbar Ganuwar Ƙasar Sin – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Babbar Ganuwar Ƙasar Sin" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van-l%C3%AE_Tsh%C3%B2ng-s%C3%A0ng" title="Van-lî Tshòng-sàng – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Van-lî Tshòng-sàng" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9F" title="החומה הגדולה של סין – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="החומה הגדולה של סין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="चीन की विशाल दीवार – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चीन की विशाल दीवार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Wall_of_China" title="Great Wall of China – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Great Wall of China" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kineski_zid" title="Kineski zid – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kineski zid" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ADnai_nagy_fal" title="Kínai nagy fal – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kínai nagy fal" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%AE_%D5%BA%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BA" title="Չինական մեծ պարիսպ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Չինական մեծ պարիսպ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%AE_%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A8" title="Չինական Մեծ Պատը – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Չինական Մեծ Պատը" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tembok_Besar_Tiongkok" title="Tembok Besar Tiongkok – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tembok Besar Tiongkok" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granda_Murego_di_Chinia" title="Granda Murego di Chinia – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Granda Murego di Chinia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ADnam%C3%BArinn" title="Kínamúrinn – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kínamúrinn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grande_muraglia_cinese" title="Grande muraglia cinese – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Grande muraglia cinese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%87%E9%87%8C%E3%81%AE%E9%95%B7%E5%9F%8E" title="万里の長城 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="万里の長城" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griet_Waal_a_Chaina" title="Griet Waal a Chaina – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Griet Waal a Chaina" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/jungo_ke_banli_bitmu" title="jungo ke banli bitmu – 逻辑语" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="jungo ke banli bitmu" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="逻辑语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9mbok_Raseksa_Cina" title="Témbok Raseksa Cina – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Témbok Raseksa Cina" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ჩინეთის დიდი კედელი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჩინეთის დიდი კედელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ssu%E1%B9%9B_ameqqran_n_Ccinwa" title="Ssuṛ ameqqran n Ccinwa – 卡拜尔语" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ssuṛ ameqqran n Ccinwa" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡拜尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siini_Kolo%C5%8Ba_S%C9%94s%C9%94%C9%94" title="Siini Koloŋa Sɔsɔɔ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Siini Koloŋa Sɔsɔɔ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Say-say_Balak_Cina" title="Say-say Balak Cina – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Say-say Balak Cina" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D2%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Қытай қорғаны – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қытай қорғаны" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%B6%E2%80%8B%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%84%E2%80%8B%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%93" title="មហាកំផែងចិន – 高棉语" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="មហាកំផែងចិន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BE_%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%86" title="ಚೀನಾದ ಮಹಾ ಗೋಡೆ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಚೀನಾದ ಮಹಾ ಗೋಡೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%9E%A5%EC%84%B1" title="만리장성 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="만리장성" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%AEwar%C3%AA_%C3%87%C3%AEn%C3%AA" title="Dîwarê Çînê – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Dîwarê Çînê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fos_Veur_China" title="Fos Veur China – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Fos Veur China" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%83_%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Улуу Кытай дубалы – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Улуу Кытай дубалы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murus_Sinicus" title="Murus Sinicus – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Murus Sinicus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chineesesch_Mauer" title="Chineesesch Mauer – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Chineesesch Mauer" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mur_grande_de_Xina" title="Mur grande de Xina – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Mur grande de Xina" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjinese_Moer" title="Sjinese Moer – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Sjinese Moer" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A0nde_mi%C3%A2gia_cin%C3%A9ize" title="Grànde miâgia cinéize – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Grànde miâgia cinéize" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muraia_Cineja" title="Muraia Cineja – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Muraia Cineja" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B3%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%99" title="ກຳແພງເມືອງຈີນ – 老挝语" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ກຳແພງເມືອງຈີນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="老挝语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Did%C5%BEioji_kin%C5%B3_siena" title="Didžioji kinų siena – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Didžioji kinų siena" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lielais_%C4%B6%C4%ABnas_m%C5%ABris" title="Lielais Ķīnas mūris – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lielais Ķīnas mūris" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="चीनक विशाल दिवार – 迈蒂利语" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="चीनक विशाल दिवार" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="迈蒂利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%95%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Кинески ѕид – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кинески ѕид" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BD" title="ചൈനയിലെ വന്മതിൽ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചൈനയിലെ വന്മതിൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%85%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC" title="Цагаан хэрэм – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Цагаан хэрэм" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A7%EA%AF%95_%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9B%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%9C" title="ꯆꯤꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯆꯦꯛꯄꯜ – 曼尼普尔语" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯆꯤꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯆꯦꯛꯄꯜ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="曼尼普尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4" title="चीनची भिंत – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="चीनची भिंत" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tembok_Besar_China" title="Tembok Besar China – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tembok Besar China" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A6ajt_il-Kbir_ta%C4%8B-%C4%8Aina" title="Ħajt il-Kbir taċ-Ċina – 马耳他语" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ħajt il-Kbir taċ-Ċina" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="马耳他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE_%E1%80%99%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B6%E1%80%90%E1%80%B6%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8" title="တရုတ်ပြည်မှ မဟာရံတံတိုင်းကြီး – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တရုတ်ပြည်မှ မဟာရံတံတိုင်းကြီး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86_%DA%AF%D8%AA_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="چین گت دیفار – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="چین گت دیفار" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chineesche_Muur" title="Chineesche Muur – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Chineesche Muur" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinese_muur" title="Sinese muur – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Sinese muur" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2" title="चीनको विशाल पर्खाल – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="चीनको विशाल पर्खाल" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE" title="चीनयागु तधंगु पखा – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="चीनयागु तधंगु पखा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Muur" title="Chinese Muur – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Chinese Muur" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_kinesiske_muren" title="Den kinesiske muren – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Den kinesiske muren" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_kinesiske_mur" title="Den kinesiske mur – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Den kinesiske mur" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graund-mur%C3%A2le" title="Graund-murâle – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Graund-murâle" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granda_Muralha_de_China" title="Granda Muralha de China – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Granda Muralha de China" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9A%E0%AD%80%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%B0_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B6%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B3_%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%9A%E0%AD%80%E0%AC%B0" title="ଚୀନର ବିଶାଳ ପ୍ରାଚୀର – 奥里亚语" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଚୀନର ବିଶାଳ ପ୍ରାଚୀର" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="奥里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0" title="ਚੀਨ ਦੀ ਮਹਾਨ ਦੀਵਾਰ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਚੀਨ ਦੀ ਮਹਾਨ ਦੀਵਾਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muraya_Grandi_di_China" title="Muraya Grandi di China – 帕皮阿门托语" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Muraya Grandi di China" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="帕皮阿门托语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wielki_Mur_Chi%C5%84ski" title="Wielki Mur Chiński – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wielki Mur Chiński" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%BE" title="چین دی کندھ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چین دی کندھ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84" title="د چین لوی دیوال – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د چین لوی دیوال" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muralha_da_China" title="Muralha da China – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Muralha da China" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chunwa_Hatun_Pirqa" title="Chunwa Hatun Pirqa – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chunwa Hatun Pirqa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marele_Zid_Chinezesc" title="Marele Zid Chinezesc – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Marele Zid Chinezesc" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Великая Китайская стена – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Великая Китайская стена" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%83" title="चीनदेशीयः विशालप्राचीरः – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="चीनदेशीयः विशालप्राचीरः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%83_%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8D" title="Кытай улуу эркинэ – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кытай улуу эркинэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granni_Muragghia_Cinisi" title="Granni Muragghia Cinisi – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Granni Muragghia Cinisi" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Waw_o_Cheenae" title="Great Waw o Cheenae – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Great Waw o Cheenae" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="چين جي عظيم ديوار – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="چين جي عظيم ديوار" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veliki_kineski_zid" title="Veliki kineski zid – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Veliki kineski zid" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%BA" title="චීන මහා ප්‍රාකාරය – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="චීන මහා ප්‍රාකාරය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Wall_of_China" title="Great Wall of China – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Great Wall of China" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ve%C4%BEk%C3%BD_%C4%8D%C3%ADnsky_m%C3%BAr" title="Veľký čínsky múr – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Veľký čínsky múr" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="دیوار چین – 色莱基语" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="دیوار چین" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="色莱基语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitajski_zid" title="Kitajski zid – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kitajski zid" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gidaarka_Shiinaha" title="Gidaarka Shiinaha – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Gidaarka Shiinaha" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muri_i_Madh_Kinez" title="Muri i Madh Kinez – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Muri i Madh Kinez" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Кинески зид – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кинески зид" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chineeske_Muure" title="Chineeske Muure – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Chineeske Muure" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9mbok_Ged%C3%A9_Cina" title="Témbok Gedé Cina – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Témbok Gedé Cina" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinesiska_muren" title="Kinesiska muren – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kinesiska muren" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukuta_wa_China" title="Ukuta wa China – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ukuta wa China" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="சீனப் பெருஞ் சுவர் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சீனப் பெருஞ் சுவர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE_%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="చైనా మహా కుడ్యం – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="చైనా మహా కుడ్యం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Девори Бузурги Чин – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Девори Бузурги Чин" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="กำแพงเมืองจีน – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กำแพงเมืองจีน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahabang_Muog_ng_Tsina" title="Mahabang Muog ng Tsina – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mahabang Muog ng Tsina" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87in_Seddi" title="Çin Seddi – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çin Seddi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A9%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Бөек Кытай дивары – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Бөек Кытай дивары" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Wall_of_China" title="Great Wall of China – 契维语" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Great Wall of China" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="契维语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%AF%D9%89%DA%86%D9%89%D9%86_%D8%B3%DB%90%D9%BE%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="سەدىچىن سېپىلى – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="سەدىچىن سېپىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80" title="Великий китайський мур – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Великий китайський мур" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="دیوار چین – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دیوار چین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buyuk_Xitoy_devori" title="Buyuk Xitoy devori – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Buyuk Xitoy devori" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granda_Muraja_Cineza" title="Granda Muraja Cineza – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Granda Muraja Cineza" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitain_sur%27_sein" title="Kitain sur' sein – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kitain sur' sein" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%E1%BA%A1n_L%C3%BD_Tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_Th%C3%A0nh" title="Vạn Lý Trường Thành – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vạn Lý Trường Thành" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dungganan_nga_Bungbong_han_Tsina" title="Dungganan nga Bungbong han Tsina – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Dungganan nga Bungbong han Tsina" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" title="长城 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="长城" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90" title="ჩინეთიშ დიდი კიდალა – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჩინეთიშ დიდი კიდალა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98" title="כינעזער וואנט – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="כינעזער וואנט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cangzcwngz" title="Cangzcwngz – 壮语" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Cangzcwngz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壮语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E5%9F%8E" title="長城 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="長城" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tn%CC%82g-si%C3%A2%E2%81%BF" title="Tn̂g-siâⁿ – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tn̂g-siâⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E9%87%8C%E9%95%B7%E5%9F%8E" title="萬里長城 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="萬里長城" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12501#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > 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hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&oldid=84786438" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&id=84786438&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E9%2595%25BF%25E5%259F%258E"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E9%2595%25BF%25E5%259F%258E"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a 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href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12501" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">（重定向自<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%B7%E5%9F%8E&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="長城">長城</a>）</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div id="noteTA-867f7be9" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="地名"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Unit"></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title category" style="font-size:125%;">萬里长城</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="padding:0.2em;background:#ddd;font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7" title="世界遗产">世界遗产</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-top:1px #aaa solid;padding-top:0.4em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Great_Wall_of_China_at_Jinshanling-edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/The_Great_Wall_of_China_at_Jinshanling-edit.jpg/250px-The_Great_Wall_of_China_at_Jinshanling-edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/The_Great_Wall_of_China_at_Jinshanling-edit.jpg/375px-The_Great_Wall_of_China_at_Jinshanling-edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/The_Great_Wall_of_China_at_Jinshanling-edit.jpg/500px-The_Great_Wall_of_China_at_Jinshanling-edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%B1%E5%B2%AD%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" title="金山岭长城">金山岭长城</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em; white-space:nowrap;;">官方名稱</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span lang="en">The Great Wall of China</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><br /><span lang="fr">La Grande Muraille de Chine</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em; white-space:nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%BA%E7%94%A2%E6%95%B8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各國世界遺產數列表">位置</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中国</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="亚洲和太平洋地区世界遗产列表">亚洲和太平洋地区</a>）</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em; white-space:nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7#登錄基準" title="世界遗产">標準</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7" title="文化遗产">文化</a>：(i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(vi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em; white-space:nowrap;;">参考编码</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/438">438</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em; white-space:nowrap;;">登录年份</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1987年（第11屆<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%BA%E7%94%A2%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83" title="世界遺產委員會">會議</a>）</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em; white-space:nowrap;;">面积</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1.3035億平方公尺（21196180公尺×平均寬度6.15公尺）</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em; white-space:nowrap;;">緩衝區</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">4800.8公顷</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #FFCC99;;"><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E9%87%8D%E7%82%B9%E6%96%87%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D" title="全国重点文物保护单位">全国重点文物保护单位</a></b><br /><small><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E9%99%A2" title="中华人民共和国国务院">中华人民共和国国务院</a>公布</small></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="font-weight:bold;">長城</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">地址</th><td class="infobox-data adr locality" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="北京">北京</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B4%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="天津">天津</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="青海">青海</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="山东">山东</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="内蒙古">内蒙古</a>等15个省市區</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">分类</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="">古建築</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">时代</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="春秋時期">春秋時期</a>至<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="明代">明代</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">认定时间</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">2001年<span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent">0</span>6月25日<br />2006年<span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent">0</span>5月25日<br />2013年<span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent">0</span>3月<span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent">0</span>5日<br />2019年10月<span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent">0</span>7日</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>此条目页的主題是中国古代建筑。关于与「<b>长城</b>」標題相近或相同的条目页，請見「<b><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E_(%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89)" class="mw-disambig" title="长城 (消歧义)">长城 (消歧义)</a></b>」。</div><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Great_Wall_of_China.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Map_of_the_Great_Wall_of_China.jpg/200px-Map_of_the_Great_Wall_of_China.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Map_of_the_Great_Wall_of_China.jpg/300px-Map_of_the_Great_Wall_of_China.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Map_of_the_Great_Wall_of_China.jpg/400px-Map_of_the_Great_Wall_of_China.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2652" data-file-height="2133" /></a><figcaption>长城的位置</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GreatWall2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/GreatWall2.jpg/200px-GreatWall2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/GreatWall2.jpg/300px-GreatWall2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/GreatWall2.jpg/400px-GreatWall2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption>长城的城垛</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_Wall_near_Nankow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Great_Wall_near_Nankow.jpg/200px-Great_Wall_near_Nankow.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Great_Wall_near_Nankow.jpg/300px-Great_Wall_near_Nankow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Great_Wall_near_Nankow.jpg/400px-Great_Wall_near_Nankow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="478" /></a><figcaption>1900年的南口附近的長城</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greatwall_large.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Greatwall_large.jpg/200px-Greatwall_large.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Greatwall_large.jpg/300px-Greatwall_large.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Greatwall_large.jpg/400px-Greatwall_large.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1275" data-file-height="1473" /></a><figcaption>清朝時1907年的長城照片</figcaption></figure> <p><b>长城</b>是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="中國古代">中国古代</a>为抵御不同时期<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%8C%97" title="塞北">塞北</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%B8%E7%89%A7%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="游牧帝国">游牧帝国</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A8%E8%90%BD%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="部落联盟">部落联盟</a>的侵袭，在西北方所修筑规模浩大的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%94%E9%9B%A2%E7%89%86" class="mw-redirect" title="隔離牆">隔離牆</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="軍事工程">军事工程</a>的统称。长城雖為城牆，但不做為完全單一條絕對隔離線，而是多層檢查通行的邊防口，實際上還主動發揮指導經貿交流的兩手策略<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，东西段與前後關卡加總起來可绵延上万<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E9%87%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="華里">華里</a>（約4500-6000千公尺），因此又称作<b>万里长城</b>。 </p><p>现存的长城遗蹟主要为始建于14世纪的<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" title="明长城">明长城</a>，西起<a href="/wiki/%E5%98%89%E5%B3%AA%E9%97%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="嘉峪關">嘉峪關</a>，東至<a href="/wiki/%E8%99%8E%E5%B1%B1%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" title="虎山长城">虎山长城</a>，长城遗址跨越<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E6%9E%97" class="mw-redirect" title="吉林">吉林</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BD%E5%AE%81" class="mw-redirect" title="辽宁">辽宁</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="北京">北京</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B4%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="天津">天津</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E8%A5%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="山西">山西</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%9D%E8%A5%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="陝西">陝西</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%81%E5%A4%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="宁夏">宁夏</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E8%82%85" class="mw-redirect" title="甘肅">甘肅</a>等15个省市自治区，总计有43,721处长城遗产，长城也是自人类文明以来最巨大的建筑物。1961年起，一批长城重要点段被陆续公布为<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E9%87%8D%E7%82%B9%E6%96%87%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D" title="全国重点文物保护单位">全国重点文物保护单位</a>。1987年，长城被联合国教科文组织列为<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="世界文化遗产">世界文化遗产</a>，该遗产目前不仅包含上述15个省、市、自治区境内的长城，还额外包括了<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E5%8D%97" class="mw-redirect" title="湖南">湖南</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="四川">四川</a>境内的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E7%96%86%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" title="苗疆长城">苗疆长城</a>（南长城）等<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>2012年，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E6%96%87%E7%89%A9%E5%B1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="中国国家文物局">中國国家文物局</a>完成了长城资源认定工作，将<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E6%88%98%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="春秋战国">春秋战国</a>至<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D" title="明朝">明朝</a>等各时代修筑的长城墙体、敌楼、壕堑、关隘、城堡以及烽火台等相关历史遗存认定为长城资源，将其他具备长城特征的文化遗产纳入《长城保护条例》的保护范畴。根据认定结论，各时代长城资源分布于<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="北京">北京</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B4%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="天津">天津</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8C%97" class="mw-redirect" title="河北">河北</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E8%A5%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="山西">山西</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="内蒙古">内蒙古</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BD%E5%AE%81" class="mw-redirect" title="辽宁">辽宁</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E6%9E%97%E7%9C%81" title="吉林省">吉林</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E9%BE%99%E6%B1%9F" title="黑龙江">黑龙江</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="山东">山东</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8D%97" class="mw-redirect" title="河南">河南</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%95%E8%A5%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="陕西">陕西</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E8%82%83" class="mw-redirect" title="甘肃">甘肃</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="青海">青海</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%81%E5%A4%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="宁夏">宁夏</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86" class="mw-redirect" title="新疆">新疆</a>15个<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%81" title="省">省</a>（自治区、直辖市）404个县（市/区）。认定数据如下：各类长城资源遗存总数43,721处（座/段），其中墙体10,051段，壕堑/界壕1,764段，单体建筑29,510座，关、堡2,211座，其他遗存185处。墙壕遗存总长度21,196.18千米。<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>中国北方自古便不安寧。自<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E6%88%98%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="春秋战国">春秋战国</a>以來，便有修築長牆，以阻北方遊牧民族的劫掠的史料。而修建長城之舉，至今已有兩千多年的历史，其中以<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E6%9C%9D" title="秦朝">秦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%9C%9D" title="汉朝">汉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D" title="明朝">明</a>三時期的规模最大。《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%B6%E5%BA%86%E5%B7%9E%E5%BF%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="延庆州志（页面不存在）">延庆州志</a>》記載：“古长城，在州南二十余里，即燕塞，<a href="/wiki/%E7%87%95%E6%98%AD%E7%8E%8B" title="燕昭王">燕昭王</a>用<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E5%BC%80" title="秦开">秦开</a>谋，置<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E8%B0%B7" class="mw-disambig" title="上谷">上谷</a>塞，自上谷以北至<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BD%E8%A5%BF" class="mw-disambig" title="辽西">辽西</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E5%A7%8B%E7%9A%87" title="秦始皇">秦始皇</a>因其旧址而大筑之，至今岔道以北迤逦而至<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E5%AE%81" class="mw-disambig" title="永宁">永宁</a>一带遗址犹存”。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D" title="唐朝">唐朝</a>时，由于北方的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5" class="mw-disambig" title="突厥">突厥</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%A4%AA%E5%AE%97" title="唐太宗">唐太宗</a>时已经被平定而不再成为威胁，此后三百年未修长城；<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E6%99%8B" title="后晋">后晉</a>割讓<a href="/wiki/%E7%87%95%E4%BA%91%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="燕云十六州">燕云十六州</a>，使得之后<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="宋朝">宋朝</a>修筑长城变得没有意义；<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E6%9C%9D" title="元朝">元朝</a>统治者是<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E6%97%8F" title="蒙古族">蒙古人</a>，仅对一些关口做了修缮，只起到盘查路人和作为商路<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%BF%E7%AB%99" class="mw-redirect" title="驿站">驿站</a>的作用；与元朝类似，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D" title="清朝">清朝</a>直到滅亡也未修长城。 </p><p>因而，近來實際修築長城僅有<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D" title="明朝">明朝</a>，今日所見長城多為明朝建築。而到了二十世紀，在科技的發展下，长城已基本失去阻禦外敵的軍事功能，只有<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E5%9F%8E%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="長城戰役">長城戰役</a>勉強算得上再參與了一次作戰。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="春秋戰國時期（公元前770年—公元前221年）"><span id=".E6.98.A5.E7.A7.8B.E6.88.B0.E5.9C.8B.E6.99.82.E6.9C.9F.EF.BC.88.E5.85.AC.E5.85.83.E5.89.8D770.E5.B9.B4.E2.80.94.E5.85.AC.E5.85.83.E5.89.8D221.E5.B9.B4.EF.BC.89"></span>春秋戰國時期（公元前770年—公元前221年）</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：春秋戰國時期（公元前770年—公元前221年）"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" title="楚长城">楚長城</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="魏长城">魏長城</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%8A%E9%95%B7%E5%9F%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="齊長城">齊長城</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%B5%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" title="赵长城">趙長城</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%84%AD%E9%9F%93%E9%95%B7%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鄭韓長城（页面不存在）">鄭韓長城</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AD%AF%E9%95%B7%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="魯長城（页面不存在）">魯長城</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%87%95%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="燕长城">燕長城</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%B1%B1%E9%95%B7%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中山長城（页面不存在）">中山長城</a></div> <p>長城在<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E6%88%B0%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="春秋戰國">春秋戰國</a>時期即已修築，《诗经·小雅·出车》记载：“天子命我，城彼朔方。赫赫南仲，猃狁于襄。”，当时筑城用意在於“互防”和“拒胡”。<a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%90%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" title="齐长城">齐长城</a>是中原历史上建筑最早的长城，在今<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="山东">山东</a>境内，至<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-disambig" title="密州">密州</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%85%E7%90%8A%E5%8F%B0" title="琅琊台">琅琊台</a>入海，全长500馀公里。但是由於<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%B8%E4%BE%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="諸侯">諸侯</a>林立，且各屬境較小，一般小國長城只有幾百里，一些大的諸侯國家的長城也僅有三四千里。例如赵肃侯十七年（前333年）在<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%B3%E6%B0%B4" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="漳水">漳水</a>、滏水（今<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%8F%E9%98%B3%E6%B2%B3" title="滏阳河">滏阳河</a>）附近筑长城，史称“赵南长城”。<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%99%E6%AD%A6%E9%9D%88%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="趙武靈王">趙武靈王</a>所築長城，起自代（今河北省蔚縣境內），終於高闕（今內蒙古烏拉特後旗境內），史称“赵北长城”。<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>《史记》记载：“<a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%8A%E5%AE%A3%E7%8E%8B" title="齊宣王">齐宣王</a>乘山岭之上筑长城，东至海、西至<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%8E%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="济州">济州</a>千馀里以备楚”。<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E6%98%AD%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="秦昭王">秦昭王</a>时，攻灭<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%89%E6%B8%A0" title="义渠">义渠</a>，“于是秦有陇西、北地、上郡，筑长城以拒胡”。<a href="/wiki/%E7%87%95%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="燕长城">燕长城</a>，西起造阳（今河北独石山），东至襄平郡。另有中山国长城和魏长城（即滨洛长城）。 </p><p>萬里長城之名，自秦始皇才開始，因此，人們提到萬里長城的時候，往往把它同秦始皇的名字聯繫起來。據<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%A6%AC%E9%81%B7" title="司馬遷">司馬遷</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%A8%98" class="mw-redirect" title="史記">史記</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E6%81%AC" title="蒙恬">蒙恬</a>列傳》上記載：「秦已并天下，乃使蒙恬將三十萬眾，北逐<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%8E%E7%8B%84" class="mw-redirect" title="戎狄">戎狄</a>，收<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%A5%97%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="河套地区">河南</a>。築長城。因地形，用制險塞，起<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%A8%E6%B4%AE%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="臨洮縣">臨洮</a>，至<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%BC%E6%9D%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="遼東">遼東</a>，延袤萬餘里。」 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="秦长城（公元前221年）"><span id=".E7.A7.A6.E9.95.BF.E5.9F.8E.EF.BC.88.E5.85.AC.E5.85.83.E5.89.8D221.E5.B9.B4.EF.BC.89"></span>秦长城（公元前221年）</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：秦长城（公元前221年）"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>公元前221年，<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E5%A7%8B%E7%9A%87" title="秦始皇">秦始皇</a>滅<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E6%9D%B1%E5%85%AD%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="山東六國">六國</a>後，成為了中原地區唯一政權，並改制為<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="帝國">帝國</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AD%E5%8E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="統一中原（页面不存在）">統一中原</a>。公元前214年，秦始皇派將軍<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E6%81%AC" title="蒙恬">蒙恬</a>率领三十万人攻擊<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E5%A5%B4" title="匈奴">匈奴</a>，占据<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%A5%97" title="河套">河套</a>，并将<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E5%9B%BD" title="秦国">秦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%B5%E5%9B%BD" title="赵国">赵</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%87%95%E5%9B%BD" title="燕国">燕</a>各国修筑的旧城牆連接起來，从<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B4%E6%B4%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="临洮">临洮</a>到<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BD%E4%B8%9C" title="辽东">辽东</a>绵延万里，从此始有“万里长城”之稱<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在修築北方长城的同时，原诸侯国间用以“互防”的城牆被拆毁<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>秦长城可大致分为西段和北段。西段起于今<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E8%82%83%E7%9C%81" title="甘肃省">甘肃省</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%B7%E5%8E%BF" title="岷县">岷县</a>，循<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AE%E6%B2%B3" title="洮河">洮河</a>北至<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B4%E6%B4%AE%E5%8E%BF" title="临洮县">临洮县</a>，经定西县向东北至<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%81%E5%A4%8F%E5%9B%9E%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA" title="宁夏回族自治区">宁夏回族自治区</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%90%89%E5%8E%BF" title="西吉县">西吉县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E5%8E%9F%E5%B8%82" title="固原市">固原市</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%AD%E9%98%B3%E5%8E%BF" title="彭阳县">彭阳县</a>，横跨<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E7%9B%98%E5%B1%B1" title="六盘山">六盘山</a>，进入<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E8%82%83" class="mw-redirect" title="甘肃">甘肃</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%8E%BF" title="环县">环县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%95%E8%A5%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="陕西">陕西</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%96%E8%BE%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="靖边">靖边</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%AA%E5%B1%B1%E5%8E%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="横山县">横山</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A6%86%E6%9E%97" class="mw-redirect" title="榆林">榆林</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E6%9C%A8%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="神木縣">神木</a>，然后向北折至今<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="内蒙古">内蒙古</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E5%85%8B%E6%89%98" class="mw-redirect" title="托克托">托克托</a>南，抵<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3" title="黄河">黄河</a>南岸。北段即黄河以北的长城沿<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B4%E5%B1%B1" title="阴山">阴山</a>西段的<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%BC%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-disambig" title="狼山">狼山</a>，向东至<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%92%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-disambig" title="大青山">大青山</a>北麓，再向东经今内蒙<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E5%AE%81" class="mw-redirect" title="集宁">集宁</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B4%E5%92%8C%E5%8E%BF" title="兴和县">兴和</a>至河北<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%9A%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="尚义">尚义</a>，再向东北经今<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8C%97" class="mw-redirect" title="河北">河北</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E5%8C%97" class="mw-redirect" title="张北">张北</a>、围场，再向东经<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%9A%E9%A1%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="抚顺">抚顺</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E6%BA%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="本溪">本溪</a>后向东南，终于<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国">朝鲜</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%B7%9D%E6%B1%9F" title="清川江">清川江</a>入海处。 </p><p>秦长城对于抵御匈奴的骚扰，保障中原生产生活的安定和墾殖北方土地，起了重要的作用。秦始皇为了修筑长城动用了30万人，创造了人类建筑史上的奇蹟。这一繁重的修筑工程，也给当时的人们带来了极大的痛苦，有人記述「<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9E%E6%A2%81%E5%A6%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="杞梁妻">杞梁妻</a>」以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%A7%9C%E5%A5%B3" title="孟姜女">孟姜女</a>的民间故事。现在临洮附近，阴山、大青山一线，都有秦长城遗蹟残存。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="汉长城（公元前121年）"><span id=".E6.B1.89.E9.95.BF.E5.9F.8E.EF.BC.88.E5.85.AC.E5.85.83.E5.89.8D121.E5.B9.B4.EF.BC.89"></span>汉长城（公元前121年）</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：汉长城（公元前121年）"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="汉长城（页面不存在）">汉长城</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B1%89" title="西汉">西汉</a>继续对长城进行修建，以抵御北方<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E5%A5%B4" title="匈奴">匈奴</a>的侵袭。从<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%96%87%E5%B8%9D" title="汉文帝">汉文帝</a>在位时到<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AE%A3%E5%B8%9D" title="汉宣帝">汉宣帝</a>在位时止，先后筑成了一条西起<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%AE%9B" title="大宛">大宛</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E4%BB%80" class="mw-redirect" title="奥什">贰师城</a>、东至<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国">朝鲜</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%A3%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="平壤">平壤</a>南部大同江入海口、全长近一万公里的长城。汉长城是历史上最长的长城。随着<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E6%9E%97%E7%9C%81" title="吉林省">吉林省</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E5%8C%96%E5%8E%BF" title="通化县">通化县</a>境内新近发现11处秦汉长城遗址，秦汉长城的东北界限进一步北扩。<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%BC%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="東漢">東漢</a>亦築長城，但規模較小。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="北朝长城"><span id=".E5.8C.97.E6.9C.9D.E9.95.BF.E5.9F.8E"></span>北朝长城</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：北朝长城"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E9%AD%8F%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北魏长城（页面不存在）">北魏长城</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E9%AD%8F%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="东魏长城（页面不存在）">东魏长城</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E9%BD%90%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北齐长城（页面不存在）">北齐长城</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北周长城（页面不存在）">北周长城</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-disambig" title="北朝">北朝</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%AD%8F" title="北魏">北魏</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E9%AD%8F" title="东魏">东魏</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%BD%90" title="北齐">北齐</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%91%A8" title="北周">北周</a>对长城进行了修筑与增建。泰常八年（公元423年）北魏築長城起自今河北省的赤城，向西至<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA" title="内蒙古自治区">内蒙古自治区</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E5%8E%9F%E5%8E%BF" title="五原县">五原县</a>境，<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>太平真君七年（公元446年）北魏所筑长城，起于<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%82" title="北京市">北京市</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E5%BA%B8%E5%85%B3" title="居庸关">居庸关</a>，至<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E8%A5%BF%E7%9C%81" title="山西省">山西省</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E6%9B%B2%E5%8E%BF" title="河曲县">河曲县</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%BD%90" title="北齐">北齐</a>年间修建规模最大，天保三年（552年）至天保八年（557年）六年时间里，大修长城有五次。天保五年（554年）“十二月庚申，帝行北巡至达速岭，览山川险要，将起长城”。天保六年（555年），北齐文宣帝“发夫一百八十万筑长城”，“东至于海”<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。天保七年（556年），“自西河（今山西汾阳）总秦戍（今山西大同西北）筑长城东至于海，前后所筑东西凡三千余里，车十里一戍，其要害置州镇，凡二十五所”。<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>天保八年（557年）“于长城内筑重城，自库洛拔（今山西朔县西南）而东至于坞紇戍（今山西繁峙县平型关东北），凡四百余里”。<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>河清二年（563年）三月，“齐诏司空斛掉光督步骑二万，筑勋掌城于軹关，仍筑长城二百里，置十二戍”。<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>北齐天统元年（565年），“羡以北虏屡犯边，须备不虞，目库堆戍东拒于海，随山屈曲二千余里，其间二百里中凡有险要，或斩山筑城，或湖谷起障，并置立戍逻五十余所”。<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>今<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%82" title="北京市">北京市</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E5%B7%9E%E5%8C%BA_(%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%82)" class="mw-redirect" title="通州区 (北京市)">通州区</a>有<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%BD%90%E5%9C%9F%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80" title="北齐土长城遗址">北齐土长城遗址</a>，为通州区<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D" title="文物保护单位">文物保护单位</a>。 </p><p>北周在大象元年（579年）“发山东诸州民修长城”<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，东魏武定元年（543年），修长城，东至上墱<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，修到古北口<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="隋长城"><span id=".E9.9A.8B.E9.95.BF.E5.9F.8E"></span>隋长城</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：隋长城"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>从581年起，<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E6%96%87%E5%B8%9D" title="隋文帝">隋文帝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E7%82%80%E5%B8%9D" title="隋炀帝">隋炀帝</a>在今<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%95%E5%8C%97" title="陕北">陕北</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%81%E5%A4%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="宁夏">宁夏</a>6次下令修筑长城以防卫<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5" class="mw-disambig" title="突厥">突厥</a>，长度的90%处于现宁夏境内。前后动用了128万人，607年在筑长城的过程中10天内就死了近60万人。<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>611年，<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E6%9C%AB%E6%B0%91%E5%8F%98" title="隋末民变">农民起义爆发</a>，隋朝以<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%B7%9E" title="夏州">夏</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B5%E5%B7%9E" title="灵州">灵</a>州（今陕北和宁夏）一线为北方边界，而<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%A5%97" title="河套">河套</a>（今属内蒙）则被突厥占据。<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E6%96%87%E5%B8%9D" title="隋文帝">隋文帝</a>在位时，为防范<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5" class="mw-disambig" title="突厥">突厥</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，多次于<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%AC%E5%AD%A3" title="冬季">冬季</a>征发丁壮修筑长城。公元585年，隋文帝使司农少卿<a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%94%E4%BB%B2%E6%96%B9" title="崔仲方">崔仲方</a>发丁三万于“朔方灵武筑长城，东距河，西至绥州，绵垣七百里，以遏胡寇”。<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E7%82%80%E5%B8%9D" title="隋炀帝">隋炀帝</a>在位时，两次于夏季大规模征发劳力修筑，此时防御的对象还包括西北方向的<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E8%B0%B7%E6%B5%91" title="吐谷浑">吐谷浑</a>。《<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E4%B9%A6" title="隋书">隋书</a>·炀帝纪》載大业三年（607年）七月：“发丁男百余万筑长城，西距<a href="/wiki/%E6%A6%86%E6%9E%97" class="mw-redirect" title="榆林">榆林</a>，东至<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%AB%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="紫河（页面不存在）">紫河</a>，一旬而罢，死者十五六。”<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="隋朝">隋</a>长城在前代北魏和北周、北齐长城的基础上，将东起<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%AB%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="紫河（页面不存在）">紫河</a>，经<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%94%E6%96%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="朔方">朔方</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B5%E6%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="灵武">灵武</a>直至<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A6%86%E8%B0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="榆谷（页面不存在）">榆谷</a>以东的长城、筑垒基本连成一线和增建。宁夏盐池县到灵武到两道明长城之间有一段长约73公里的隋长城<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，靠近盐池县城一侧的这道长城叫深沟高垒，俗称头道边，再往北走，还有一道长城，叫河东墙，俗称二道边。在头道边的北侧有一道隐隐约约的低矮墙体，为隋长城。墙体为黑色，红色，白色土的堆积，建筑十分粗糙，基宽9米，残高1—3米。在墙体内侧，相距1300米筑一敌台。<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%90%E6%B1%A0%E5%8E%BF" title="盐池县">盐池县</a>境内十六堡村和八堡村附近的隋长城保留最为完好<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="唐代"><span id=".E5.94.90.E4.BB.A3"></span>唐代</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：唐代"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>唐朝并没有修筑长城的说法，即便在<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="后突厥">后突厥</a>武功最为强盛的<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%98%E5%95%9C" title="默啜">默啜可汗</a>（691年—716年在位）时期，<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%88%99%E5%A4%A9" title="武则天">武则天</a>也不曾筑过长城。 </p><p>唯一有史可考的是<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E7%8E%84%E5%AE%97" title="唐玄宗">唐玄宗</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%85%83" title="开元">开元</a>年间（713年—741年），<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E8%AF%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="张说">张说</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%AB%E5%B7%9E" title="妫州">妫州</a>（今河北<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E5%AE%B6%E5%8F%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="张家口">张家口</a>）以北所筑的一小段长城，这段长城的全长度皆位于今河北省境内，其规模比隋长城小得多，具体筑城时间大致在713年至730年（张说卒年）之间的某年。张说所筑的长城在《旧唐书》和《资治通鉴》并无记载，仅载于《新唐书》的地理志和《全唐文》。这段长城可能是为了防御契丹、奚族或后突厥而建，但唐朝对后突厥的北方防御体系主要利用<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%97%E9%99%8D%E5%9F%8E" title="受降城">三受降城</a>和其军镇，自公元720年后，也未曾有过后突厥对唐朝边境入寇的记载。但是<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E8%95%83" title="吐蕃">吐蕃</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%8F%B2%E4%B9%8B%E4%B9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="安史之乱">安史之乱</a>后占据了唐朝的陇西、河湟地区，长达百年，并一度攻占长安。 </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r64637320">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:.25em .5em;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox p{font-style:inherit;margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{background-color:#F9F9F9;text-align:center;font-size:larger;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0.5em 0 0.8em 1.4em;width:30%; padding: 6px; border: 1px solid #aaa; font-size: 88%; background-color: #F9F9F9;"><div class="" style="position: relative; text-align: left;">公受命处此，声振殊俗，于是堑山泽，起亭障，塞鸡鸣之扼，守阜陵之冲，遮大厦之路，距卢龙之口，延袤千里，横绝一方。修塞之后，人到于今赖焉。</div><cite style="display: block;text-align: right;">《全唐文·卷三百十二·唐故幽州都督河北节度使燕国文贞张公遗爱颂》</cite></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r64637320"><div class="quotebox" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0.5em 0 0.8em 1.4em;width:30%; padding: 6px; border: 1px solid #aaa; font-size: 88%; background-color: #F9F9F9;"><div class="" style="position: relative; text-align: left;">北九十里有长城，开元中张说筑。</div><cite style="display: block;text-align: right;">《新唐书·卷三十九·河北道·妫州》</cite></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="遼金长城"><span id=".E9.81.BC.E9.87.91.E9.95.BF.E5.9F.8E"></span>遼金长城</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：遼金长城"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%95%8C%E5%A3%95" title="金界壕">金界壕</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BD%E4%BB%A3%E8%BE%B9%E5%A3%95" title="辽代边壕">遼代邊壕</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%BC%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="遼朝">遼朝</a>為防禦<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%8F%A4" title="乌古">烏古</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%8C%E7%83%88" title="敌烈">敵烈</a>部。<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%9C%9D" title="金朝">金朝</a>为防御<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F" title="蒙古高原">蒙古高原</a>诸游牧部落，大筑长城。金朝所修长城，史称<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%95%8C%E5%A3%95" title="金界壕">金界壕</a>或金边堡。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="明长城"><span id=".E6.98.8E.E9.95.BF.E5.9F.8E"></span>明长城</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：明长城"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" title="明长城">明长城</a></div><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20090529_Great_Wall_8185.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/20090529_Great_Wall_8185.jpg/200px-20090529_Great_Wall_8185.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/20090529_Great_Wall_8185.jpg/300px-20090529_Great_Wall_8185.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/20090529_Great_Wall_8185.jpg/400px-20090529_Great_Wall_8185.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>长城的<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%B1%E5%B2%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="金山岭">金山嶺</a>段照片</figcaption></figure> <p>到了<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D" title="明朝">明朝</a>，从<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%A4%AA%E7%A5%96" class="mw-redirect" title="明太祖">明太祖</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E6%AD%A6%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="洪武帝">洪武帝</a>至<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E7%A5%9E%E5%AE%97" title="明神宗">明神宗</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%87%E5%8E%86%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="万历帝">万历帝</a>，经过先后20次大规模的修建，筑成了一条西起甘肃<a href="/wiki/%E5%98%89%E5%B3%AA%E5%85%B3" title="嘉峪关">嘉峪关</a>，东至辽东<a href="/wiki/%E8%99%8E%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-disambig" title="虎山">虎山</a>，全长8851.8公里的长城。明长城主要沿着<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E8%BE%B9" title="九边">九边</a>重镇一线修筑，这也是现在所见到的大部份长城。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="山西、河北的内、外长城"><span id=".E5.B1.B1.E8.A5.BF.E3.80.81.E6.B2.B3.E5.8C.97.E7.9A.84.E5.86.85.E3.80.81.E5.A4.96.E9.95.BF.E5.9F.8E"></span>山西、河北的内、外长城</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：山西、河北的内、外长城"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>位于<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E8%A5%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="山西">山西</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8C%97" class="mw-redirect" title="河北">河北</a>的<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="外长城">外长城</a></b>，基本上和<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="內蒙古">內蒙古</a>的省界吻合，通常被认为是中晚明北疆的國界<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>然而<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%9B%E5%8A%8D%E9%9B%84" class="mw-redirect" title="葛劍雄">葛劍雄</a>指出，明朝對在長城以北領土的統治並不穩定，而且管理時間相對為短且效率不高。明朝前期，为了对抗<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%85%83" title="北元">北元</a>和随后分裂的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9E%91%E9%9D%BC" class="mw-disambig" title="鞑靼">鞑靼</a>(這是明朝他稱，實際上直至<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E4%B8%B9%E6%B1%97" title="林丹汗">林丹汗</a>失國，其國號一直是蒙古)和<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E5%89%8C" title="瓦剌">瓦剌</a>，明军多番出击，同时也沿前线修筑长城。城身的重要地段都以夯土外包条石，置敌台、堡垒、关隘以作守备，同时，沿边建立长期世袭服军役的卫所制度，使他们世世代代守卫边疆。<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%88%90%E7%A5%96" title="明成祖">明成祖</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E4%B9%90" title="永乐">永乐</a>十九年（1421年）迁都北京后，又沿<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E8%A1%8C%E5%B1%B1" title="太行山">太行山</a>在山西、河北一段加建<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="内长城">内长城</a></b>作为第二道防线。 </p><p>内、外两段长城在西边于山西<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%BB%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82" title="忻州市">忻州市</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%8F%E5%A4%B4%E5%85%B3" title="偏头关">偏头关</a>（俗称偏关，明代时为山西镇总兵驻地）汇聚。 </p> <ul><li>外长城自西向东，自<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%BB%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82" title="忻州市">忻州市</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%8F%E5%85%B3%E5%8E%BF" title="偏关县">偏关县</a>老牛湾，沿山西、内蒙古交界线，经偏关县老营堡向东北转过<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%94%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82" title="朔州市">朔州市</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E9%B2%81%E5%8C%BA" title="平鲁区">平鲁区</a>（唐代名将<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%89%E8%BF%9F%E6%81%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="尉迟恭">尉迟恭</a>的出生地）、再经朔州市<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%94%E5%9F%8E%E5%8C%BA" title="朔城区">朔城区</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E5%92%8C%E6%B5%A9%E7%89%B9%E5%B8%82" title="呼和浩特市">呼和浩特市</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%B0%B4%E6%B2%B3%E5%8E%BF" title="清水河县">清水河县</a>、山西朔州市<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B3%E7%8E%89%E5%8E%BF" title="右玉县">右玉县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8C%E5%B8%82" title="大同市">大同市</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A6%E4%BA%91%E5%8E%BF" title="左云县">左云县</a>、市区、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B3%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%BF" title="阳高县">阳高县</a>（东南20里即是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E9%AB%98%E7%A5%96" class="mw-redirect" title="汉高祖">汉高祖</a>亲伐匈奴却被围困多日的<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E7%99%BB%E5%B1%B1" title="白登山">白登山</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%95%87%E5%8E%BF" title="天镇县">天镇县</a>新平堡马市口，进入河北<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E5%AE%B6%E5%8F%A3%E5%B8%82" title="张家口市">张家口市</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%80%E5%AE%89%E5%8E%BF" title="怀安县">怀安县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%87%E5%85%A8%E5%8E%BF" title="万全县">万全县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%A5%E8%A5%BF%E5%8C%BA_(%E5%BC%A0%E5%AE%B6%E5%8F%A3%E5%B8%82)" title="桥西区 (张家口市)">桥西区</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%87%E7%A4%BC%E5%8E%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="崇礼县">崇礼县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E5%9F%8E%E5%8E%BF" title="赤城县">赤城县</a>，经<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="北京">北京</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E5%BA%86%E5%8E%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="延庆县">延庆县</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E5%BA%B8%E5%85%B3" title="居庸关">居庸关</a>西北在北京延庆县四海冶和内长城交汇。</li> <li>内长城全长1,600多公里。自西向东自<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%BB%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82" title="忻州市">忻州市</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%8F%E5%85%B3%E5%8E%BF" title="偏关县">偏关县</a>老营堡个角墩，沿山西境内朔州市、忻州市交界线，向东南转过<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%94%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82" title="朔州市">朔州市</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E9%B2%81%E5%8C%BA" title="平鲁区">平鲁区</a>，再经忻州市<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E6%B1%A0%E5%8E%BF" title="神池县">神池县</a>、朔州市<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%94%E5%9F%8E%E5%8C%BA" title="朔城区">朔城区</a>、忻州市<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%81%E6%AD%A6%E5%8E%BF" title="宁武县">宁武县</a>（有<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%81%E6%AD%A6%E5%85%B3" title="宁武关">宁武关</a>）、忻州市<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%B9%B3%E7%B8%A3" title="原平縣">原平县</a>、朔州市<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E9%98%B4%E5%8E%BF" title="山阴县">山阴县</a>、忻州市<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E5%8E%BF" title="代县">代县</a>（北有<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%81%E9%97%A8%E5%85%B3" title="雁门关">雁门关</a>）、朔州市<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%94%E5%8E%BF" title="应县">应县</a>、忻州市<a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%81%E5%B3%99%E5%8E%BF" title="繁峙县">繁峙县</a>、大同市<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%91%E6%BA%90%E5%8E%BF" title="浑源县">浑源县</a>至大同市<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B5%E4%B8%98%E5%8E%BF" title="灵丘县">灵丘县</a>（有<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%9E%8B%E5%85%B3" title="平型关">平型关</a>），直到河北<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%9A%E5%B8%82" title="保定市">保定市</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%9C%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%BF" title="阜平县">阜平县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%9E%E6%BA%90%E5%8E%BF" title="涞源县">涞源县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%93%E5%8E%BF" title="易县">易县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%9E%E6%B0%B4%E5%8E%BF" title="涞水县">涞水县</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E5%AE%B6%E5%8F%A3%E5%B8%82" title="张家口市">张家口市</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%BF%E9%B9%BF%E5%8E%BF" title="涿鹿县">涿鹿县</a>、入北京市<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%A8%E5%A4%B4%E6%B2%9F%E5%8C%BA" title="门头沟区">门头沟区</a>、又回到张家口市<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%80%E6%9D%A5%E5%8E%BF" title="怀来县">怀来县</a>，再入<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="北京">北京</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E5%BA%86%E5%8E%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="延庆县">延庆县</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E8%BE%BE%E5%B2%AD" title="八达岭">八达岭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E5%BA%B8%E5%85%B3" title="居庸关">居庸关</a>西南，在北京延庆县四海冶和外长城交汇。 <ul><li>内长城在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8C%E5%B8%82" title="大同市">大同市</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B5%E4%B8%98%E5%8E%BF" title="灵丘县">灵丘县</a>牛帮口又分叉南下，沿河北、山西交界线，顺太行山向南，经<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%98%E5%AD%90%E5%85%B3" title="娘子关">娘子关</a>、固关，在<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%B8%82" title="长治市">长治市</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%9F%8E%E5%8E%BF" title="黎城县">黎城县</a>东阳关结束。</li></ul></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83131740">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery 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215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20090529_Great_Wall_8125.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="长城"><img alt="长城" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/20090529_Great_Wall_8125.jpg/180px-20090529_Great_Wall_8125.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/20090529_Great_Wall_8125.jpg/270px-20090529_Great_Wall_8125.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/20090529_Great_Wall_8125.jpg/360px-20090529_Great_Wall_8125.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">长城</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_wall_of_china-mutianyu_4.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="慕田峪长城"><img alt="慕田峪长城" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Great_wall_of_china-mutianyu_4.JPG/180px-Great_wall_of_china-mutianyu_4.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Great_wall_of_china-mutianyu_4.JPG/270px-Great_wall_of_china-mutianyu_4.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Great_wall_of_china-mutianyu_4.JPG/360px-Great_wall_of_china-mutianyu_4.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">慕田峪长城</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GreatWall_2004_Summer_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="夏天的长城之1"><img alt="夏天的长城之1" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/GreatWall_2004_Summer_1.jpg/180px-GreatWall_2004_Summer_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/GreatWall_2004_Summer_1.jpg/270px-GreatWall_2004_Summer_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/GreatWall_2004_Summer_1.jpg/360px-GreatWall_2004_Summer_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">夏天的长城之1</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_archer10_(Dennis)_-_China-6397.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="夏天的长城之2"><img alt="夏天的长城之2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flickr_-_archer10_%28Dennis%29_-_China-6397.jpg/135px-Flickr_-_archer10_%28Dennis%29_-_China-6397.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flickr_-_archer10_%28Dennis%29_-_China-6397.jpg/202px-Flickr_-_archer10_%28Dennis%29_-_China-6397.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flickr_-_archer10_%28Dennis%29_-_China-6397.jpg/270px-Flickr_-_archer10_%28Dennis%29_-_China-6397.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">夏天的长城之2</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GreatWall_2004_Summer_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="夏天的长城之3"><img alt="夏天的长城之3" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/GreatWall_2004_Summer_3.jpg/180px-GreatWall_2004_Summer_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/GreatWall_2004_Summer_3.jpg/270px-GreatWall_2004_Summer_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/GreatWall_2004_Summer_3.jpg/360px-GreatWall_2004_Summer_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">夏天的长城之3</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1963-02_1963%E5%B9%B4_%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="夏天的长城之4"><img alt="夏天的长城之4" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1963-02_1963%E5%B9%B4_%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E.jpg/180px-1963-02_1963%E5%B9%B4_%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1963-02_1963%E5%B9%B4_%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E.jpg/270px-1963-02_1963%E5%B9%B4_%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1963-02_1963%E5%B9%B4_%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E.jpg/360px-1963-02_1963%E5%B9%B4_%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2904" data-file-height="1970" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">夏天的长城之4</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:InsideGWWatchtower.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="瞭望塔内部"><img alt="瞭望塔内部" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/InsideGWWatchtower.jpg/180px-InsideGWWatchtower.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/InsideGWWatchtower.jpg/270px-InsideGWWatchtower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/InsideGWWatchtower.jpg/360px-InsideGWWatchtower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="384" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">瞭望塔内部</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_Wall_at_Simatai_overlooking_gorge.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="司马台长城"><img alt="司马台长城" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Great_Wall_at_Simatai_overlooking_gorge.jpg/180px-Great_Wall_at_Simatai_overlooking_gorge.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Great_Wall_at_Simatai_overlooking_gorge.jpg/270px-Great_Wall_at_Simatai_overlooking_gorge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Great_Wall_at_Simatai_overlooking_gorge.jpg/360px-Great_Wall_at_Simatai_overlooking_gorge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">司马台长城</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Great_Wall_pic_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="长城"><img alt="长城" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/The_Great_Wall_pic_1.jpg/180px-The_Great_Wall_pic_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/The_Great_Wall_pic_1.jpg/270px-The_Great_Wall_pic_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/The_Great_Wall_pic_1.jpg/360px-The_Great_Wall_pic_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2016" data-file-height="1512" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">长城</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="构筑"><span id=".E6.9E.84.E7.AD.91"></span>构筑</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：构筑"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinese_Wall.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Chinese_Wall.JPG/230px-Chinese_Wall.JPG" decoding="async" width="230" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Chinese_Wall.JPG/345px-Chinese_Wall.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Chinese_Wall.JPG/460px-Chinese_Wall.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>雙層式樓台</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greatwall-SA14.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Greatwall-SA14.jpg/230px-Greatwall-SA14.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Greatwall-SA14.jpg/345px-Greatwall-SA14.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Greatwall-SA14.jpg/460px-Greatwall-SA14.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1958" data-file-height="1469" /></a><figcaption>單層式烽火台</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="构筑法则"><span id=".E6.9E.84.E7.AD.91.E6.B3.95.E5.88.99"></span>构筑法则</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：构筑法则"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>长城的构筑，以“因地形，据险制塞”为基本法则。“因<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%BD%A2" title="地形">地形</a>”，即指根据地形条件而构筑工程，和充分利用在地的<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="自然资源">自然资源</a>选择合适的建筑材料。“据险制塞”，主要是指利用地理天险御敌。這條原则有利于防守，也可以节省建筑材料。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="建筑材料与构筑方法"><span id=".E5.BB.BA.E7.AD.91.E6.9D.90.E6.96.99.E4.B8.8E.E6.9E.84.E7.AD.91.E6.96.B9.E6.B3.95"></span>建筑材料与构筑方法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：建筑材料与构筑方法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>长城的修筑从春秋到明后期，持续了两千多年。由于各个时代的生产力、技术水平不同，也由于各个<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%9D%83" title="政权">政权</a>所面临的<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="军事">军事</a>形势不同，历代修建的长城在构造、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91" class="mw-redirect" title="建筑">建筑</a>方法及形制方面都互有不同；而由于各处地理条件的差异，即使同一时代所修的长城面貌也有不同。 </p><p>就不同历史时期和筑城技术的发展而言，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%AD%8F" title="北魏">北魏</a>以前各朝所修的长城，以版筑<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AF%E5%9C%9F" title="夯土">夯土</a>为主，北魏时出现了砖石结构的长城，明代长城则广泛运用了<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9F%B3%E7%A0%8C%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="石砌法（页面不存在）">石砌法</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A0%96%E7%A0%8C%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="砖砌法（页面不存在）">砖砌法</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A0%96%E7%9F%B3%E6%B7%B7%E7%A0%8C%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="砖石混砌法（页面不存在）">砖石混砌法</a>，從橫切面之觀察更含<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="三角學">三角學</a>上的應用，特別在陡坡上的鞏固方面起了作用。 </p><p>就长城沿线各地的地理条件之不同而言，建造长城所需的材料均按“因地制宜”的原则就地取材解决。<a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%94%E8%B1%B9" title="崔豹">崔豹</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%8A%E6%B3%A8" title="古今注">古今注</a>·都邑》说：“秦所筑长城，土色皆紫，汉亦然，故云紫塞焉。”在山地，则开山取石垒墙；在黄土地带，则取夯土筑；在沙漠，则用<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%A6%E8%8B%87" title="芦苇">芦苇</a>或柳条，加以层层铺沙修筑。此外，砌墙所用的砖、瓦、石灰和木料等，除就地设<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%91" title="窑">窑</a>烧制或砍伐外，官府还设有专门部门供应。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="形制与体系"><span id=".E5.BD.A2.E5.88.B6.E4.B8.8E.E4.BD.93.E7.B3.BB"></span>形制与体系</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：形制与体系"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Trivia plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/20px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/30px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此章节<b>應避免有<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8A/%E7%91%A3%E7%A2%8E%E7%AB%A0%E7%AF%80" title="Wikipedia:格式手冊/瑣碎章節">陳列雜項、瑣碎資料</a>的部分。</b> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2024年3月2日</span>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>萬里长城从来就不是一道孤立的城墙，而是由大量建筑组成的严密体系。統而言之，越到后期，长城体系就越完善、越严密，整体防御能力不断增强。长城体系主要由<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B3%E9%9A%98" title="关隘">关隘</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99" title="城墙">城墙</a>与楼台、<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%BD%E7%87%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="烽燧">烽燧</a>四部分组成，此外还包括其他附属设施。城墙与楼台又可以分为<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E9%97%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="城门">城门</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E6%A5%BC" title="城楼">城楼</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99" title="城墙">城墙</a>三部份。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="关隘"><span id=".E5.85.B3.E9.9A.98"></span>关隘</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：关隘"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在出入长城的咽喉要道上一般都设有关隘驻守。关隘一般建在狭窄的通道上，如两山之间的最窄处，山水之间的狭长走廊，以及溪流、河谷的相交处。由于关隘于军事的重要意义，此处的长城有着更为坚固、完善的防御体系。关隘一般由关口的方形或多边形城墙、城门、城门楼、<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%AE%E5%9F%8E" title="瓮城">瓮城</a>组成。有的还有罗城和护城河。 </p> <ul><li>城门：城门是进出关口的通道。元以前多用木过梁，后来改用砖或石块砌成拱券形的门洞，称为“券门”。门洞内装有巨大的包铁木门，门外侧用巨钉嵌镶，门内侧装有门闩及锁环，有的还装有机关。</li> <li>城楼：城门上方筑有城楼，是重要的观察所、指挥所和战斗据点。城楼为三层以下的木结构或砖木结构建筑。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="著名关城"><span id=".E8.91.97.E5.90.8D.E5.85.B3.E5.9F.8E"></span>著名关城</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：著名关城"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_Wall_of_jinshanling.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Great_Wall_of_jinshanling.jpg/220px-Great_Wall_of_jinshanling.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Great_Wall_of_jinshanling.jpg/330px-Great_Wall_of_jinshanling.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Great_Wall_of_jinshanling.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="602" /></a><figcaption>金山岭长城</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Juyongguanfromnorth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Juyongguanfromnorth.jpg/220px-Juyongguanfromnorth.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Juyongguanfromnorth.jpg/330px-Juyongguanfromnorth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Juyongguanfromnorth.jpg/440px-Juyongguanfromnorth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3992" data-file-height="2242" /></a><figcaption>居庸关长城，镇守<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E8%A1%8C%E5%85%AB%E9%99%89" title="太行八陉">太行八陉</a>中的军都陉。此图中居庸关为界，左侧为燕山，右侧为太行山，京张铁路、京藏高速、110国道均汇聚于此</figcaption></figure> <p>當中包含四座具代表性的<b>长城四大關口</b>，包括：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8C%97%E7%9C%81" title="河北省">河北省</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E5%AE%B6%E5%8F%A3%E5%B8%82" title="张家口市">张家口市</a>主城区北部的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%A2%83%E9%97%A8" title="大境门">大境门</a><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；河北省最东部与<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BD%E5%AE%81%E7%9C%81" title="辽宁省">辽宁省</a>接壤处、位於<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E7%9A%87%E5%B2%9B%E5%B8%82" title="秦皇岛市">秦皇岛市</a>境内<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E6%B5%B7%E5%85%B3" title="山海关">山海关</a>；<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="北京">北京</a>西北部的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E5%BA%B8%E5%85%B3" title="居庸关">居庸关</a>；以及<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E8%82%83" class="mw-redirect" title="甘肃">甘肃</a>嘉峪关市向西5公里处的<a href="/wiki/%E5%98%89%E5%B3%AA%E5%85%B3" title="嘉峪关">嘉峪关</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%9C%E5%8F%A3" class="mw-disambig" title="關口">關口</a>。 </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%8E%E5%B1%B1%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" title="虎山长城">虎山长城</a>：明长城的东端起点。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E6%B5%B7%E5%85%B3" title="山海关">山海关</a>：山海关控制着由<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="北京">北京</a>通往东北的要冲——<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%BC%E8%A5%BF%E8%B5%B0%E5%BB%8A" title="遼西走廊">辽西走廊</a>，位于燕山东段与渤海之间的狭长地带，是明长城东部第一座关口，有“天下第一关”之称。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%98%89%E5%B3%AA%E5%85%B3" title="嘉峪关">嘉峪关</a>：嘉峪关位于祁连山与龙首山之间的狭窄隘口，控制<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E8%A5%BF%E8%B5%B0%E5%BB%8A" title="河西走廊">河西走廊</a>，始建于明代，为明长城最西端关口，有“天下第一雄关”之称。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%89%E9%97%A8%E5%85%B3" title="玉门关">玉门关</a>：是中國境内連通絲綢之路上的重要關隘之一。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%95%AD%E9%97%9C" title="蕭關">萧关</a>：萧关位于宁夏回族自治区固原市境内，中国古代西北著名关口，也是秦长城、汉长城、明长城区段上的名关。与武关、大散关、函谷关并称为关中四关，处于六盘山、米仓山、陇山交界地带，丝绸之路南段重镇。地理位置东望长安、西控凉州、北接河套，是明代九边重镇之一，为其中“西三镇”（嘉峪关、萧关、怀远）指挥使驻地。自秦代以来，秦始皇、汉武帝、曹操、唐太宗先后巡视此地，成吉思汗在进攻西夏时就是死于六盘山萧关附近。萧关在宋与西夏的战争中更是双方相互争夺的要塞。萧关古城经明代扩建后有三重城墙，周围大小堡寨上百座。在文革时期遭到巨大破坏，仅存部分城墙，2005年后附近盗墓活动猖獗，一直未得到有关部门重视。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B3%E5%85%B3" title="阳关">阳关</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%81%E9%97%A8%E5%85%B3" title="雁门关">雁门关</a>：雁门关高踞在的九塞之一的雁门山上，扼守<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E8%A5%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="山西">山西</a>南北交通要冲，切断了塞北高原通向山西及华北平原的一条重要通道。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E5%85%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水关（页面不存在）">水关</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%B4%96%E5%85%B3" title="黄崖关">黄崖关</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E8%BE%BE%E5%B2%AD" title="八达岭">八达岭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E5%BA%B8%E5%85%B3" title="居庸关">居庸关</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%95%E7%94%B0%E5%B3%AA%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" title="慕田峪长城">慕田峪长城</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%B1%E5%B2%AD%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" title="金山岭长城">金山岭长城</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%A9%AC%E5%8F%B0%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" title="司马台长城">司马台长城</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%A2%83%E9%97%A8" title="大境门">大境门</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%81%E5%A4%8F%E5%8F%A4%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宁夏古长城（页面不存在）">宁夏古长城</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%BA%E5%85%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%89%E5%85%B3%E5%8F%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="贺兰山三关口（页面不存在）">贺兰山三关口</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E8%8D%86%E5%85%B3" title="紫荆关">紫荆关</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%8C%97%E5%8F%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="古北口">古北口</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="烽燧"><span id=".E7.83.BD.E7.87.A7"></span>烽燧</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：烽燧"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:66954-The-Great-Wall,_Mutianyu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/66954-The-Great-Wall%2C_Mutianyu.jpg/220px-66954-The-Great-Wall%2C_Mutianyu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/66954-The-Great-Wall%2C_Mutianyu.jpg/330px-66954-The-Great-Wall%2C_Mutianyu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/66954-The-Great-Wall%2C_Mutianyu.jpg/440px-66954-The-Great-Wall%2C_Mutianyu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2003" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>按一定间隔在长城上建设的烽火台</figcaption></figure> <p>长城体系中设置有大量烽燧（<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%BD%E7%81%AB%E5%8F%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="烽火台">烽火台</a>）作为<a href="/wiki/%E6%83%85%E6%8A%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="情报">情报</a>传递系统。古时用于点燃<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%9F%E7%81%AB" title="烟火">烟火</a>传递重要消息的高台，是古代重要军事防御设施，最古老但行之有效的土电报。烽火台是为防止敌人入侵而建的，遇有敌情发生，则白天施烟，夜间点火，台台相连，传递讯息。根据历史<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE" title="文献">文献</a>、出土<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E7%AE%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="汉简（页面不存在）">汉简</a>和实地考察可知，烽燧数量众多且一直延伸到长城以外很远的地方。按烽燧配置的位置和功能，可以分为四组：设在大漠深处的烽火台是发出警讯的最前线，沿长城两侧设置的烽火台向沿线传递情报，由长城通往京师的系列烽火台与王朝中央联系，还有一组烽火台与长城所在地附近的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="地方政府">地方政府</a>和驻军联系。按明朝制度，举一烟鸣一炮表示来敌100人左右；举二烟鸣二炮，来敌500人左右；1000人以上举三烟鸣三炮。在50公里的长城沿线上，共发现烽火台80余座，间隔距离平均约3公里，最远的不超过5公里。“烽火”，古代边防报警的两种信号，白天放烟叫“烽”，夜间举火叫“燧”。 </p><p>烽火台的建筑早于长城，但自长城出现后，长城沿线的烽火台便与长城密切结为一体，成为长城防御体系的一个重要组成部分，有的甚至就建在长城上，特别是汉代，朝廷非常重视烽火台的建筑。烽火，也叫烽燧，是古代军情报警的一种措施，即敌人白天侵犯时就燃烟（烽），夜间来犯就点火（燧）以可见的烟气和光亮向各方与上级报警。烽火台在汉代称作烽堠（烽候）、亭燧，唐宋称作烽台，并把“烽燧”一词也引申为烽火台，明代则一般称作烟墩或墩台（西北明代墩台，大的还有御敌之功能，小的则只有望而无点烽火之功能）。烽火台一般相距10里左右，明代也有距离5里左右的，守台士兵发现敌人来犯时，立即于台上燃起烽火，邻台见到后依样随之，这样敌情便可迅速传递到军事中枢部门。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="其他附属设施"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96.E9.99.84.E5.B1.9E.E8.AE.BE.E6.96.BD"></span>其他附属设施</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：其他附属设施"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>长城体系除了作为情报传递系统的烽燧以外，还建立了以城障等设施构成的纵深防御配置。秦汉时各种设施得到完善，并且在长城内外设置了屯戍城作为屯驻重兵之所，而且向纵深发展，形成网络。在城墙、城堡的外侧，还有特意设置的障碍物，如僵落、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%99%8E%E8%90%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="虎落（页面不存在）">虎落</a>等。<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E6%9C%9D" title="秦朝">秦朝</a>在河套长城一带，广植榆树以阻挡<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E5%A5%B4" title="匈奴">匈奴</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%91%E5%85%B5" title="骑兵">骑兵</a>，人称榆关。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%BD%90" title="北齐">北齐</a>时在长城内侧设戍，险要之处置州镇，駐紮军队，形成前沿的线状布防。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="军政意义"><span id=".E5.86.9B.E6.94.BF.E6.84.8F.E4.B9.89"></span>军政意义</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：军政意义"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>萬里长城既是农耕民族的防御前线，也是向游牧民族发动反击的前进基地。长城后侧纵深配备机动的军队以因应战事，而长城即是防御的最前线，也是攻击起始线，和交通线，在长城前方部署的观察哨深入到极远处，前线在长城以北一千公里。在古代，游牧骑兵有优良的机动能力和强大的攻击力，但是对于城垣防御体系却无能为力，即使攻破長城一段，攻勢往往被後勤強大的漢軍所包圍阻斷，因此长城的修建的确能够有效的抵御北方民族的侵扰。另一方面，長城在商貿控制可能起到關鍵作用，新的考古研究顯示，在清平堡發現的貿易工藝品較多，因此實際上是社會交流是大於兵戎相向的，以經濟與政治的影響力為策略，蒙漢民族文物同時在該地區周圍遺址的出現，長城也見證中原文明對塞外民族的態度與思考<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>但是仅仅依靠长城的消极防御并不能阻止有组织、大规模的进攻。据《北虏事蹟》记载：“正德十年正月二十二日，套虏二万余骑到，于花马池北镇边墩起，至石井儿墩止，拆开墙口一十二处，深入<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E5%8E%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="固原">固原</a>等地抢掠而去。本年七月二十二日，套虏二万骑到，于花马池北柳扬墩起至青羊墩止，拆开墙口一十六处，深入<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%87%89" class="mw-redirect" title="平凉">平凉</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%B4%E5%B7%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="临巩（页面不存在）">临巩</a>，直抵<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%87%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="陇州">陇州</a>，大掠而去。总制右御史<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%82%93%E7%AB%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="邓章（页面不存在）">邓章</a>调榆林等处官军分布固原要冲，不能御。”嘉靖二十九年（1550年）“<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%9A%E6%88%8C%E4%B9%8B%E5%8F%98" title="庚戌之变">庚戌之变</a>”，蒙古<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%BA%E7%AD%94%E6%B1%97" title="俺答汗">俺答汗</a>于正面攻击<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%8C%97%E5%8F%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="古北口">古北口</a>同时，从黄渝沟拆长城而过，明军不战自溃。俺答攻至<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="北京">北京</a>城外，大掠而回。 </p><p>1933年，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="大日本帝国">大日本帝国</a>控制下的<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%A1%E6%B4%B2%E5%9B%BD" title="满洲国">伪满洲国</a>势力向关内扩张，与当时的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E8%BB%8D" title="國民革命軍">國民革命軍</a>围绕长城一线发生的数场战役，史称<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E5%9F%8E%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="長城戰役">長城戰役</a>，与<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E6%B2%B3%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="熱河戰役">热河战役</a>相连接。<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E5%9F%8E%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="長城戰役">長城戰役</a>目前为长城历史上最后一次真正用于军事的战役。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文化意义"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.8C.96.E6.84.8F.E4.B9.89"></span>文化意义</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：文化意义"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_Wall_of_China.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Great_Wall_of_China.jpeg/200px-Great_Wall_of_China.jpeg" decoding="async" width="200" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Great_Wall_of_China.jpeg/300px-Great_Wall_of_China.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Great_Wall_of_China.jpeg/400px-Great_Wall_of_China.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1784" data-file-height="1176" /></a><figcaption>八达岭长城</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PAP_Armband.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/PAP_Armband.svg/200px-PAP_Armband.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/PAP_Armband.svg/300px-PAP_Armband.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/PAP_Armband.svg/400px-PAP_Armband.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="159" data-file-height="195" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%85%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F%E9%83%A8%E9%98%9F" title="中国人民武装警察部队">中国人民武装警察部队</a>2016式臂章</figcaption></figure> <p>长城是中国古代建造的最为宏大的工程之一，中國的历朝历代長城都发挥了很重要的防御作用，1987年時，<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%99%E7%A7%91%E6%96%87%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" class="mw-redirect" title="联合国教科文组织">联合国教科文组织</a>将长城列入<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="世界文化遗产">世界文化遗产</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>长城的存在，对古代中國来说，也是一个防御入侵的精神防线。而在近代，中国人以长城作为中国的象征。在今作為<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a>国歌的《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%89%E5%8B%87%E5%86%9B%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%9B%B2" title="义勇军进行曲">义勇军进行曲</a>》中，有“把我们的血肉，筑成我们新的长城”的歌词，号召人們在国家最危急的时刻，抵御入侵。<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="罗文">罗文</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E%E8%B0%A3" title="长城谣">长城谣</a>》中也写道：中国万世必须兴盛，外御强敌每战必胜，长城长城一个尖兵。潘孑农、刘雪庵1937年“七·七”事变后在上海创作的《长城谣》：万里长城万里长，长城外面是故乡。四万万同胞心一条，新的长城万里长。 </p><p>对修筑长城而造成的人员伤亡，很多人通过文学和艺术作品表达怜悯和对封建统治者对批评。例如<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E7%90%B3_(%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD)" title="陈琳 (三国)">陈琳</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%B2%E9%A6%AC%E9%95%B7%E5%9F%8E%E7%AA%9F%E8%A1%8C" title="飲馬長城窟行">饮马长城窟行</a>》：「男儿宁当格斗死，何能怫郁筑长城」。修築古代长城在增强帝国边防能力的同时也劳民伤财<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，例如1990年代香港殿堂級搖滾乐队<a href="/wiki/Beyond" title="Beyond">Beyond</a>的歌曲《<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E5%9F%8E_(Beyond)" title="長城 (Beyond)">长城</a>》中所唱；又如中華人民共和國作家<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%8D%E6%98%8C" title="鲍昌">鲍昌</a>曾撰文《长城》，描述古代长城是“凄婉的历史”“民族封闭的象征”“文化愚钝的标志”，并乐于见到今天长城的开放局面。<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>中国傳統民间故事「<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%A7%9C%E5%A5%B3" title="孟姜女">孟姜女</a>哭长城」中，传说秦始皇时期赋税劳役繁重，有一对青年男女萬喜良、孟姜女新婚才三天，新郎就被迫出发修筑长城，不久因饥寒劳累而死，尸骨也被埋在长城墙下，孟姜女身背寒衣，历尽千辛万苦，万里寻夫来到长城边，得到的却是丈夫已经死去的噩耗，她在长城下痛哭，三日三夜不止，城墙为之崩裂，露出萬喜良的尸骸，孟姜女于因绝望而投海而死。 </p><p>长城的意义也更被進一步延伸到互联网络领域。1998年起，中国政府开始使用<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B2%E7%81%AB%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" title="防火长城">防火长城</a>系统，用于过滤互联网国际出口上内容的软硬件系统的集合，这被认为是一种<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="审查">审查</a>系统。外媒曾以谷歌事件为题，透过漫画形式指出中國政府屏蔽谷歌、youtube、维基百科等国外网站是在“构筑互联网络领域的‘数字<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B2%E7%81%AB%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" title="防火长城">长城</a>’，以此阻止国内互联网用户透过国外网页了解某些事件的一种说法。 </p><p>长城也是中国各种产品、企业广泛使用的品牌名称之一，例如<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E5%9F%8E%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98" class="mw-redirect" title="長城集團">长城集团</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E%E7%94%B5%E8%84%91" title="长城电脑">长城电脑</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E%E6%B1%BD%E8%BD%A6" title="长城汽车">长城汽车</a>等。 </p><p>長城可以說是地球上重要的人造建物代表。1904年，<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第一代從男爵亨利·諾曼" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sir Henry Norman, 1st Baronet"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BB%A3%E5%BE%9E%E7%94%B7%E7%88%B5%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E8%AB%BE%E6%9B%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第一代從男爵亨利·諾曼（页面不存在）">第一代從男爵亨利·諾曼</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Henry_Norman,_1st_Baronet" class="extiw" title="en:Sir Henry Norman, 1st Baronet"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sir Henry Norman, 1st Baronet</span></a></span>）</span></span>的<i>People and Politics of the Far East states</i>中寫道：“除了其历史外，其因为是唯一能从月球上看到的人类手工作品而享有盛誉。”（英語：<span lang="en">Besides its age it enjoys the reputation of being the only work of human hands on the globe visible from the moon.</span>）更多的人引用<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="理查德·哈里伯顿" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Richard Halliburton"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E4%BC%AF%E9%A1%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="理查德·哈里伯顿（页面不存在）">理查德·哈里伯顿</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Halliburton" class="extiw" title="en:Richard Halliburton"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Richard Halliburton</span></a></span>）</span></span>於1938年出版的<i>Second Book of Marvels-The Orient</i>的內容，其中寫到：“天文学家说，长城是我们星球上唯一一个从月球上肉眼可见的人造物体。”（英語：<span lang="en">Astronomers say that the Great Wall is the only man-made thing on our planet visible to the human eye from the moon.</span>）此外，1937年時，著名<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭">荷蘭</a>裔美籍歷史通俗讀物作家<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%BF%E9%BE%99" class="mw-redirect" title="房龙">房龙</a>在出版的《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%9A%84%E6%95%85%E4%BA%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地球的故事（页面不存在）">地球的故事</a>》中猜測：「中国的长城是<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E7%90%83" title="月球">月球</a>上的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="太空人">太空人</a>唯一能看得见的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%89%A9" title="建筑物">建筑物</a>」。关于能否从近地<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="太空">太空</a>或月球上用<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%89%E7%9C%BC" title="肉眼">肉眼</a>望见长城一直存在争议。然而，长城寬度僅4～5米，遠小於現代的<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%80%9F%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF" title="高速公路">高速公路</a>等，且其本身并非发光体、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%85%89" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="反光">反光</a>体，在數百公里以上不借助<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%AA%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="仪器">仪器</a>用肉眼观察是不可能的<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。另外，<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%88%9F%E4%BA%94%E5%8F%B7" title="神舟五号">神舟五号</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E8%88%AA%E5%91%98" title="宇航员">宇航员</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A8%E5%88%A9%E4%BC%9F" title="杨利伟">杨利伟</a>也称其在2003年的太空之旅中没有看到长城。<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="保护"><span id=".E4.BF.9D.E6.8A.A4"></span>保护</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：保护"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>长城的破坏分为自然破坏和人为破坏，人为破坏的影响近几十年更严重。<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a>成立后的1952年，中央在财政极其困难的情况下，仍专门拨款近10万元人民币用于<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E8%BE%BE%E5%B2%AD%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="八达岭长城">八达岭长城</a>的修复<sup id="cite_ref-pohuai_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pohuai-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E9%9D%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="文革">文革</a>期间，各地均曾出現大规模拆毁长城的行為<sup id="cite_ref-pohuai_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pohuai-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dafu_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dafu-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1976年<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%89%E7%A2%8E%E5%9B%9B%E4%BA%BA%E5%B8%AE" title="粉碎四人帮">粉碎“四人帮”</a>后，不少群众致信文物管理部门和报社呼吁抢救。1977年8月，北京市文物管理部门派人到<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E5%8C%97%E5%8F%A3%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古北口长城（页面不存在）">古北口长城</a>全面调查，向市领导写了情况汇报，建议加强长城保护，但一直未获得批复<sup id="cite_ref-dafu_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dafu-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1977年12月，中央领导<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%85%88%E5%BF%B5" title="李先念">李先念</a>对“长城不能毁”的群众来信作了批示<sup id="cite_ref-dafu_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dafu-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pohuai_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pohuai-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1978年2月，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%B1%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%82%E5%A7%94" class="mw-redirect" title="中共北京市委">中共北京市委</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%82%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="北京市革命委员会">北京市革委会</a>向中央提交《关于长城的毁坏情况和保护长城措施的报告》，提出制止毁坏长城的三项措施。获得中央批准後，北京市文物管理处代市革委会草拟了《关于加强对长城保护管理的通知》，但该通知直到1979年6月尚未下达。1978年5月，<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E6%96%87%E7%89%A9%E5%B1%80" title="国家文物局">国家文物局</a>向其他轄內區域有長城遺址的14个省市区发出《加强对长城保护的通知》，並将《关于加强对长城保护管理的通知》抄转給各地参考。河北省文化局据此要求各县对长城保护情况进行一次全面调查，并制订保护措施<sup id="cite_ref-dafu_37-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dafu-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1979年6月27日，《<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%97%A5%E6%8A%A5" title="人民日报">人民日报</a>》刊登了<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8C%97%E7%9C%81" title="河北省">河北省</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%A6%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%BF" title="滦平县">滦平县</a>两间房公社中学的李宪章的来信《不要毁坏长城》，反映“古北口长城已遭到、还正在遭到严重破坏。”<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>並同时刊登了《国家文物局关于长城的答复》，證實李宪章所言，大规模拆毁古北口长城的活动是由当地<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E5%86%9B" title="中国人民解放军">解放军</a>驻军开头，随后助长了<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%AC%E7%A4%BE" title="人民公社">人民公社</a>社员拆用城砖。据北京市文物管理部门现场调查，自1970年底至1974年底，古北口段长城被拆毁三千米，主要是当地驻军拆的。该答复还回顾了上文所述1976年以来的长城保护举措，并称决定最近召开一次长城保护工作会议，研究提出坚决制止破坏长城的措施<sup id="cite_ref-dafu_37-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dafu-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>“文革”结束后，<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%93%E5%B0%8F%E5%B9%B3" title="邓小平">邓小平</a>曾在公开场合嘱咐文物局领导：“你们一定要保护好长城，长城就是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="中华民族">中华民族</a>精神的象征喽！”1984年7月5日，《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E6%99%9A%E6%8A%A5" title="北京晚报">北京晚报</a>》联合八达岭特区办事处等单位发起<a href="/wiki/%E2%80%9C%E7%88%B1%E6%88%91%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%EF%BC%8C%E4%BF%AE%E6%88%91%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E%E2%80%9D%E8%B5%9E%E5%8A%A9%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8" title="“爱我中华，修我长城”赞助活动">“爱我中华，修我长城”社会赞助活动</a>。该活动启事发出次日，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%A0%E4%BB%B2%E5%8B%8B" title="习仲勋">习仲勋</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A%E5%A0%82" title="人民大会堂">人民大会堂</a>对《北京晚报》报社领导说：“这是一个好的活动，是个大好事。”9月1日，邓小平为该活动题词：“爱我中华，修我长城”。题词在媒体发表后，激发了公众对长城修复的热情。截至1994年，向该活动捐款的个人超过50万人，单位、地区捐款者近10万个，国内外各界人士的捐款捐物折合人民币超过2800万元，修复长城超过6公里。1987年，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中国长城学会（页面不存在）">中国长城学会</a>成立，是唯一一个全国性的长城工作机构。2002年前后，中国长城学会调查走访长城沿线，调查结果是三分之一的长城基本完好，三分之一残破不全，三分之一不复存在<sup id="cite_ref-pohuai_36-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pohuai-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>2006年，<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="内蒙古">内蒙古</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%B0%E5%AF%9F%E5%B8%83%E5%B8%82" title="乌兰察布市">乌兰察布市</a>丰镇为节省工程成本，直接将长城挖开修了条公路，引起社会关注，但仅被文物局处以缴纳50万元罚款的处罚。对长城的旅游开发带来的破坏更严重。2000年，山东<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E5%8C%BA" title="青岛经济技术开发区">青岛经济技术开发区</a>推倒境内<a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%90%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" title="齐长城">齐长城</a>，在原址上仿北京<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E8%BE%BE%E5%B2%AD%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="八达岭长城">八达岭长城</a>建新城墙以发展旅游。2003年<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E8%A5%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="山西">山西</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%94%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="朔州">朔州</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B3%E7%8E%89%E5%8E%BF" title="右玉县">右玉县</a>将杀虎口长城全部推倒，在原址新建长城关口以发展旅游。这样的行为不但未受任何处罚，却作为政府政绩受到表彰，当事人还获得提拔<sup id="cite_ref-pohuai_36-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pohuai-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>2003年<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E5%B1%8A%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="第十届全国人民代表大会第一次会议">十届全国人大一次会议</a>上，全国政协委员、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E6%96%87%E7%89%A9%E5%B1%80" title="国家文物局">国家文物局</a>局长<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E9%9C%81%E7%BF%94" title="单霁翔">单霁翔</a>联名8个届别的45名委员提交“长城保护工作亟待加强”的提案，建议制定长城保护总体规划及长城保护专项法规。2006年10月11日，国务院总理<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%9D" title="温家宝">温家宝</a>签署第476号国务院令公布《长城保护条例》，同年12月1日起施行。不少地方在《长城保护条例》出台后都开始重视和保护长城。但长城遭受的破坏依旧严重，尤其是<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E8%82%83" class="mw-redirect" title="甘肃">甘肃</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%81%E5%A4%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="宁夏">宁夏</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%95%E8%A5%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="陕西">陕西</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E8%A5%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="山西">山西</a>等中西部省份境内长城受损最严重<sup id="cite_ref-pohuai_36-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pohuai-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79074265">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width:30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%83%E9%87%8C%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" title="千里长城">千里长城</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E7%96%86%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" title="苗疆长城">苗疆长城</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%95%8C%E5%A3%95" title="金界壕">金界壕</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%B3%E6%9D%A1%E8%BE%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="柳条边">柳条边</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%BE%B7%E8%89%AF%E9%95%B7%E5%9F%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="哈德良長城">哈德良長城</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B2%E7%81%AB%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" title="防火长城">防火长城</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E%E9%AA%97%E5%B1%80" title="长城骗局">长城骗局</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考资料"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>参考资料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节：参考资料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="引用"><span id=".E5.BC.95.E7.94.A8"></span>引用</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节：引用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chinatimes.com/hottopic/20221217002898-260812?chdtv">古代長城這麼矮究竟能攔住什麼？真相出乎意料</a>. 中國時報. 2022-12-17 <span 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web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hi.chinanews.com.cn/hnnew/2023-02-23/670589.html">陕西清平堡遗址考古明确长城修建时的主观定位</a>. 2023-02-23 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-07-19</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230719051921/http://www.hi.chinanews.com.cn/hnnew/2023-02-23/670589.html">存档</a>于2023-07-19）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&rft.btitle=%E9%99%95%E8%A5%BF%E6%B8%85%E5%B9%B3%E5%A0%A1%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80%E8%80%83%E5%8F%A4%E6%98%8E%E7%A1%AE%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E%E4%BF%AE%E5%BB%BA%E6%97%B6%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%BB%E8%A7%82%E5%AE%9A%E4%BD%8D&rft.date=2023-02-23&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hi.chinanews.com.cn%2Fhnnew%2F2023-02-23%2F670589.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/438/">The Great Wall</a>. whc.unesco.org. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-07-07</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170627233206/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/438/">存档</a>于2017-06-27） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&rft.atitle=The+Great+Wall&rft.aufirst=UNESCO+World+Heritage&rft.aulast=Centre&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=whc.unesco.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F438%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191219120648/http://www.ncha.gov.cn/art/2016/11/30/art_722_135294.html">中国长城保护报告</a>. 国家文物局. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-11-28</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncha.gov.cn/art/2016/11/30/art_722_135294.html">原始内容</a>存档于2019-12-19）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E6%8A%A5%E5%91%8A&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E6%96%87%E7%89%A9%E5%B1%80&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncha.gov.cn%2Fart%2F2016%2F11%2F30%2Fart_722_135294.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《史记赵世家》中记载：“十七年，围魏黄，不克。筑长城”。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B2%E8%A8%98%E2%80%A7%E5%8C%88%E5%A5%B4%E5%88%97%E5%82%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="史記‧匈奴列傳（页面不存在）">史記‧匈奴列傳</a>》載：“趙武靈王亦變俗胡服，習騎射，北破<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E8%83%A1" title="林胡">林胡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%93%E7%85%A9" title="樓煩">樓煩</a>。築長城，自代並<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B0%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="陰山">陰山</a>下，至高闕為塞……”。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%AE%B0" title="史记">史记</a>·蒙恬列传</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%AE%E5%8D%97%E5%AD%90" title="淮南子">淮南子</a>·人間訓》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%AE%B0" title="史记">史记</a>·秦始皇本纪》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《魏书·太宗本纪》载：“泰常八年（公元423年）正月丙辰……蠕蠕（<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%94%E7%84%B6" title="柔然">柔然</a>）犯塞。二月戊辰，筑长城于<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%BF%E5%B7%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="长川（页面不存在）">长川</a>之南。起自<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E5%9F%8E" class="mw-disambig" title="赤城">赤城</a>，西至五原，延袤二千余里，备设戍卫。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AD%8F%E4%B9%A6%C2%B7%E4%B8%96%E7%A5%96%E6%9C%AC%E7%BA%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="魏书·世祖本纪（页面不存在）">魏书·世祖本纪</a>》载“太平真君七年（公元446年）六月丙戌，发司、幽、定、冀四州十万人，筑畿上塞围，起上谷，西至于河，广袤皆千里。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《北齐书·文宣纪》，韩嘉谷《津唐地区长城始建年代质疑》一文則認為北齊的長城並未修到山海关。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《北齐书，文宣帝纪》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《北齐书·文宣帝纪》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《资治通鉴·陈纪》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《北齐书·斛律金附于羡传》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《周书·宣帝纪》；《周书·于翼传》记载：“大象初，征拜大司徒，诏翼巡长城，立亭障，西自雁门，东至碣石，创新改旧，咸得其要害云。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《资治通鉴·梁纪》载：梁大同九年，即东魏武定元年（公元543年），东魏“丞相欢筑长城于肆州北山西自马陵，东至上墱，四十日罢。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">韩嘉谷《津唐地区长城始建年代质疑》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">（开皇元年）时发稽胡筑长城，汾州胡千余人，在涂亡叛。帝召冲问计，对曰：“夷狄之性，易为反覆，皆由牧宰不称之所致。臣请以理绥静，可不劳兵而定。”帝然之，命冲绥怀叛者，月余皆至，并赴长城之役……乃与故齐营州刺史高宝宁合兵为寇。隋主患之，敕缘边修保障，峻长城。《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7175" class="extiw" title="s:資治通鑑/卷175">资治通鉴·卷第一百七十五</a>》<br />（开皇五年）隋主使司农少卿崔仲方发丁三万，于朔方，灵武筑长城，东距河，西至绥州，绵历七百里，以遏胡寇……（开皇六年）复令崔仲方发丁十五万。于朔方以东，缘边险要，筑数十城……（开皇七年）发丁男十万余人修长城，二旬而罢。《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7176" class="extiw" title="s:資治通鑑/卷176">资治通鉴·卷第一百七十六</a>》<br />（大业三年）发丁男百余万筑长城，西距榆林，东至紫河，一旬而罢，死者十五六……（大业四年）秋七月辛巳，发丁男二十余万筑长城，自榆谷而东。《<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E4%B9%A6" title="隋书">隋书</a>·<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E4%B9%A6/%E5%8D%B73" class="extiw" title="s:隋书/卷3">本纪第三</a>》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">丰州司马唐休璟上言，以为：「丰州阻河为固，居贼冲要，自秦、汉已来，列为郡县，土宜耕牧。隋季丧乱，迁百姓于宁、庆二州，致胡虏深侵，以灵、夏为边境。《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91/%E5%8D%B7203" class="extiw" title="s:資治通鑑/卷203">资治通鉴·卷第二百三</a>》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《资治通鉴》开皇二年（582年）“五月已未”，“<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%AE%9D%E5%AE%81" class="mw-redirect" title="高宝宁">高宝宁</a>引突厥寇隋平州”，“突厥悉发五可汗控弦之士四十万入长城”。《隋书·高祖纪》载开皇三年二月“突厥寇边”。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《隋书，崔仲方传》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">郑严. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_5e317b050102z627.html">宁夏盐池县境内一段73公里隋代长城</a>. <span 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&rft.btitle=%E6%B8%85%E5%B9%B3%E5%A0%A1%E9%81%BA%E5%9D%80%EF%BC%9A%E8%92%99%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%A4%E6%B5%81%E7%9A%84%E2%80%9C%E8%A6%8B%E8%A8%BC%E8%80%85%E2%80%9D&rft.date=2023-03-01&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsn.people.com.cn%2FBIG5%2Fn2%2F2023%2F0301%2Fc186331-40319927.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160302123926/http://news3.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2006-05/09/content_4524764.htm">中国的世界遗产 - 新华网</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-02-20</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news3.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2006-05/09/content_4524764.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2016-03-02）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7+-+%E6%96%B0%E5%8D%8E%E7%BD%91&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews3.xinhuanet.com%2Fziliao%2F2006-05%2F09%2Fcontent_4524764.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">弘斌. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160302202104/http://www.zgxxb.com.cn/zmfk/201602050017.shtml">国旗飘飘国在心中</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-02-20</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zgxxb.com.cn/zmfk/201602050017.shtml">原始内容</a>存档于2016-03-02）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&rft.au=%E5%BC%98%E6%96%8C&rft.btitle=%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%97%E9%A3%98%E9%A3%98+%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%A8%E5%BF%83%E4%B8%AD&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zgxxb.com.cn%2Fzmfk%2F201602050017.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%AE%E5%8D%97%E5%AD%90" title="淮南子">淮南子</a>·论训》说，秦筑长城，“丁壮丈夫，西至临洮、狄道，北至飞狐、阳原、道路死者以测量。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">鲍昌. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160302174250/http://www.thn21.com/xiao/qice/12962.html">原文内容 - 华文网</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-02-20</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thn21.com/xiao/qice/12962.html">原始内容</a>存档于2016-03-02）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&rft.au=%E9%B2%8D%E6%98%8C&rft.btitle=%E5%8E%9F%E6%96%87%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9+-+%E5%8D%8E%E6%96%87%E7%BD%91&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thn21.com%2Fxiao%2Fqice%2F12962.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">戴昌达、姜小光、习晓环，进一步剖析“从太空看长城”的争论，科学导报2007,25(4):72-76</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2010/07/great-wall-from-space-the-answer/59148/">Great Wall from Space: The Answer - Science and Tech</a>. The Atlantic. 2010-07-05 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-07-11</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100906095735/http://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2010/07/great-wall-from-space-the-answer/59148/">存档</a>于2010-09-06）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&rft.btitle=Great+Wall+from+Space%3A+The+Answer+-+Science+and+Tech&rft.date=2010-07-05&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+Atlantic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fscience%2Farchive%2F2010%2F07%2Fgreat-wall-from-space-the-answer%2F59148%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">齐柳明. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gmw.cn/01gmrb/2004-04/30/content_19819.htm">宇航员在太空能否看到长城</a>. 光明日报 (光明网). 2004-04-30 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-06-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210312065404/http://www.gmw.cn/01gmrb/2004-04/30/content_19819.htm">存档</a>于2021-03-12） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（简体）网页">（中文（简体））</span>. <q>不过，当中国首位宇航员杨利伟返回地球后，有记者求证是否看到长城，杨利伟根据自己的亲身经历，实事求是地说没有看到。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&rft.atitle=%E5%AE%87%E8%88%AA%E5%91%98%E5%9C%A8%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%83%BD%E5%90%A6%E7%9C%8B%E5%88%B0%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&rft.au=%E9%BD%90%E6%9F%B3%E6%98%8E&rft.date=2004-04-30&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E5%85%89%E6%98%8E%E6%97%A5%E6%8A%A5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gmw.cn%2F01gmrb%2F2004-04%2F30%2Fcontent_19819.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pohuai-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pohuai_36-0"><sup><b>36.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pohuai_36-1"><sup><b>36.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pohuai_36-2"><sup><b>36.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pohuai_36-3"><sup><b>36.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pohuai_36-4"><sup><b>36.4</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pohuai_36-5"><sup><b>36.5</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tech.sina.com.cn/d/2012-02-27/14096773762.shtml">媒体称不当开发等致长城遭人为破坏严重</a>. 新浪. 2012-02-27. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210232854/http://tech.sina.com.cn/d/2012-02-27/14096773762.shtml">存档</a>于2021-02-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&rft.btitle=%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93%E7%A7%B0%E4%B8%8D%E5%BD%93%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E7%AD%89%E8%87%B4%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E%E9%81%AD%E4%BA%BA%E4%B8%BA%E7%A0%B4%E5%9D%8F%E4%B8%A5%E9%87%8D&rft.date=2012-02-27&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E6%96%B0%E6%B5%AA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftech.sina.com.cn%2Fd%2F2012-02-27%2F14096773762.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dafu-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dafu_37-0"><sup><b>37.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dafu_37-1"><sup><b>37.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dafu_37-2"><sup><b>37.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dafu_37-3"><sup><b>37.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dafu_37-4"><sup><b>37.4</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">国家文物局关于长城的答复，人民日报1979年6月27日，第4版</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">李宪章，不要毁坏长城，人民日报1979年6月27日，第4版</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="来源"><span id=".E6.9D.A5.E6.BA.90"></span>来源</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节：来源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <dl><dt>书籍</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E9%9C%A8" title="林霨">Waldon, Arthur</a> 著，石雲龍等譯：《長城　從歷史到神話》（南京：江蘇教育出版社，2008年）.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&section=26" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>中相關的多媒體資源：<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" class="extiw" title="commons:长城"><span style="font-weight:bold;">长城</span></a>（<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Great_Wall_of_China" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Great Wall of China">分類</a>）</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%BA%E5%B0%8E%E9%81%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="維基導遊">維基導遊</a>上的相關旅行指南：<b><a href="https://zh.wikivoyage.org/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" class="extiw" title="voy:长城">长城</a></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061109135807/http://www.thegreatwall.com.cn/">长城小站</a>民间长城爱好者、志愿者之家，关于长城的科普与考察信息</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110918205858/http://www.thegreatwall.com.cn/public/gwwx.php">长城文献资料库</a>长城文献资料库，由长城志愿者收集的长城文献全文资料库。</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040916005635/http://www.thegreatwall.com.cn/public/TheGreatWallWebGis/">长城地理信息系统</a>长城电子地图，由长城志愿者建设的开放数据的WebGis系统</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041023014932/http://www.chinavr.net/html/passes.htm">万里长城二百关</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160927093343/http://wechatinchina.com/thread-177552-1-1.html">萬里長城的精華在河北，你知道長城之首直接入海嗎？叫「老龍頭」！</a></li></ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E4%BA%9E%E5%AE%99%E6%96%AF%E7%A5%9E%E5%83%8F" title="奧林匹亞宙斯神像">奧林匹亞宙斯神像</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%80%B3%E5%BF%92%E5%BC%A5%E6%96%AF%E7%A5%9E%E5%BA%99" title="阿耳忒弥斯神庙">阿耳忒弥斯神庙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%B4%A2%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E7%8E%8B%E9%99%B5%E5%A2%93" title="摩索拉斯王陵墓">摩索拉斯王陵墓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%BE%97%E5%B3%B6%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%A5%9E%E9%8A%85%E5%83%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="羅得島太陽神銅像">羅得島太陽神銅像</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%E7%81%AF%E5%A1%94" title="亚历山大灯塔">亚历山大灯塔</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E4%B8%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%A5%87%E8%BF%B9" title="中古世界七大奇迹">中古世界七大奇迹</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%97%E5%85%BD%E5%9C%BA" title="罗马斗兽场">羅馬競技場</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亞歷山卓地下陵墓" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%8D%93%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E9%99%B5%E5%A2%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亞歷山卓地下陵墓（页面不存在）">亞歷山卓地下陵墓</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catacombs_of_Kom_El_Shoqafa" class="extiw" title="en:Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">萬里長城</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A8%E7%9F%B3%E9%98%B5" title="巨石阵">巨石阵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%8A%A5%E6%81%A9%E5%AF%BA_(%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC)" title="大报恩寺 (南京)">大報恩寺琉璃塔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E8%90%A8%E6%96%9C%E5%A1%94" title="比萨斜塔">比萨斜塔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BA%9A%E7%B4%A2%E8%8F%B2%E4%BA%9A" title="阿亚索菲亚">圣索菲亚大教堂</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%A5%87%E8%BF%B9" title="世界新七大奇迹">世界新七大奇迹</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E8%96%A9%E9%87%91%E5%AD%97%E5%A1%94%E7%BE%A4" title="吉薩金字塔群">吉薩金字塔群</a>（榮譽奇蹟）</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">萬里長城</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%A9%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89" title="佩特拉">佩特拉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%91%E4%B8%96%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%83%8F" title="救世基督像">救世基督像</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%98%E6%AF%94%E4%B8%98" title="马丘比丘">马丘比丘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E7%90%B4%E4%BC%8A%E5%AF%9F" title="奇琴伊察">奇琴伊察</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%97%E5%85%BD%E5%9C%BA" title="罗马斗兽场">羅馬競技場</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%A7%AC%E9%99%B5" title="泰姬陵">泰姬陵</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E4%B8%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%A5%87%E8%B9%9F" title="世界七大工程奇蹟">世界七大工程奇蹟</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%BF%E9%A9%AC%E8%BF%90%E6%B2%B3" title="巴拿马运河">巴拿马运河</a></li> <li>北海保護工程（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92%E6%B4%B2%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="三角洲工程">三角洲</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%88%E5%BE%B7%E6%B5%B7%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="須德海工程">須德海工程</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E5%8E%A6" title="帝国大厦">帝国大厦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E9%97%A8%E5%A4%A7%E6%A1%A5" title="金门大桥">金门大桥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%B3%B0%E6%99%AE%E6%B0%B4%E7%94%B5%E7%AB%99" title="伊泰普水电站">伊泰普水电站</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CN%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%A1%94" title="CN電視塔">加拿大國家電視塔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%B3%95%E6%B5%B7%E5%BA%95%E9%9A%A7%E9%81%93" title="英法海底隧道">英法海底隧道</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E4%B8%83%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%A5%87%E8%A7%82" title="世界七大自然奇观">世界七大自然奇观</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>）<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%B3%BD%E8%B0%B7" title="大峽谷">科羅拉多大峽谷</a></li> <li>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="澳大利亞">澳大利亞</a>）<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%A0%A1%E7%A4%81" title="大堡礁">大堡礁</a></li> <li>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF" title="巴西">巴西</a>）<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E7%BA%A6%E7%83%AD%E5%86%85%E5%8D%A2" title="里约热内卢">里约热内卢</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%9C%E7%BA%B3%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E6%B9%BE" title="瓜纳巴拉湾">瓜纳巴拉湾</a>（有爭議）</li> <li>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E5%B0%94" title="尼泊尔">尼泊尔</a>）<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%A0%E7%A9%86%E6%9C%97%E7%91%AA%E5%B3%B0" title="珠穆朗瑪峰">珠穆朗瑪峰</a></li> <li>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="非洲">非洲</a>）<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%A4%9A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%80%91%E5%B8%83" title="维多利亚瀑布">维多利亚瀑布</a></li> <li>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5" title="墨西哥">墨西哥</a>）<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E9%87%8C%E5%BA%93%E5%BB%B7%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="帕里库廷火山">帕里库廷火山</a>（有爭議）</li> <li>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E6%A5%B5%E9%BB%9E" title="地理極點">兩極</a>）<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%81%E5%85%89" title="极光">极光</a>（有爭議）</li> <li>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>）<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D%E7%81%A3%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92%E5%92%8C%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E5%8D%80" title="冰川灣國家公園和自然保護區">冰河灣</a>（有爭議）</li> <li>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>）<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%9B%E7%8A%B8%E6%B4%9E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD" title="猛犸洞国家公园">猛犸洞</a>（有爭議）</li> <li>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄罗斯</a>）<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E6%B9%96" title="贝加尔湖">贝加尔湖</a>（有爭議）</li> <li>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>）<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E7%9F%B3%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92" title="黃石國家公園">黃石國家公園</a>（有爭議）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其它</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%A5%87%E8%BF%B9%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A" title="新七大奇迹协会">新七大奇迹协会</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79074265"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79074265"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="class=notpageimage&#124;22x20px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_中国世界遗产" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#D1E5F2;;background-color:#B5D8EF;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7" title="Template:中国世界遗产"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7" title="Template talk:中国世界遗产"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:中国世界遗产"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="class=notpageimage&#124;22x20px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_中国世界遗产" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%BA%E7%94%A2%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中國世界遺產列表">中国世界遗产</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:#f7f7f7;;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px;"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="font-weight:bold;background-color:#D1E5F2;">文化遺產</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;background-color:#D1E5F2;">自然遺產</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;;;;width:65%;"><div> <div class="div-col" style="column-count:2; column-width:auto;"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:brown;background-color:transparent;;">438</span>：<a class="mw-selflink selflink">长城</a></span><span class="nowrap">（<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E8%BE%BE%E5%B2%AD" title="八达岭">八达岭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E6%B5%B7%E5%85%B3" title="山海关">山海关</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%98%89%E5%B3%AA%E5%85%B3" title="嘉峪关">嘉峪关</a>）</span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">439</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%8F%8A%E7%80%8B%E9%99%BD%E7%9A%84%E6%98%8E%E6%B8%85%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%AE%E6%AE%BF" title="北京及瀋陽的明清皇家宮殿">北京及瀋陽的明清故宮</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">440</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E9%AB%98%E7%AA%9F" title="莫高窟">莫高窟</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">441</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E5%A7%8B%E7%9A%87%E9%99%B5" title="秦始皇陵">秦始皇陵</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">449</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E5%8F%A3%E5%BA%97%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80" title="周口店遗址">周口店北京人遗址</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">703</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%BF%E5%BE%B7%E9%81%BF%E6%9A%91%E5%B1%B1%E5%BA%84%E5%8F%8A%E5%85%B6%E5%91%A8%E5%9B%B4%E5%AF%BA%E5%BA%99" title="承德避暑山庄及其周围寺庙">承德避暑山庄及其周围寺庙</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">704</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B2%E9%98%9C%E5%AD%94%E5%BA%99%E3%80%81%E5%AD%94%E6%9E%97%E5%92%8C%E5%AD%94%E5%BA%9C" title="曲阜孔庙、孔林和孔府">曲阜孔庙、孔林和孔府</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">705</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%BD%93%E5%B1%B1%E5%8F%A4%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%BE%A4" title="武当山古建筑群">武当山古建筑群</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">707</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%90%A8%E5%B8%83%E8%BE%BE%E6%8B%89%E5%AE%AB%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%BE%A4" title="拉萨布达拉宫历史建筑群">拉萨布达拉宫历史建筑群</a></span><span class="nowrap">（共3處）</span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">778</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%90%E5%B1%B1" title="庐山">庐山国家公园</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">811</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BD%E6%B1%9F%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E" title="丽江古城">丽江古城</a></span><span class="nowrap">（共4處）</span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">812</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E9%81%A5%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E" title="平遥古城">平遥古城</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">813</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E5%9B%AD%E6%9E%97" title="苏州古典园林">苏州古典园林</a></span><span class="nowrap">（共9處）</span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">880</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%90%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%AD" title="颐和园">北京皇家园林—頤和園</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">881</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%9D%9B" title="天坛">北京皇家祭坛—天壇</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">912</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%B6%B3%E7%9F%B3%E5%88%BB" title="大足石刻">大足石刻</a></span><span class="nowrap">（共5處）</span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">1001</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E5%9F%8E%E5%B1%B1" title="青城山">青城山</a>—<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E6%B1%9F%E5%A0%B0" title="都江堰">都江堰</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">1002</span>：皖南古村落—<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%80%92%E6%9D%91" title="西递村">西递</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8F%E6%9D%91%E6%9D%91" title="宏村村">宏村</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">1003</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%99%E9%97%A8%E7%9F%B3%E7%AA%9F" title="龙门石窟">龙门石窟</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:red;background-color:transparent;;">1004</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%B8%85%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E9%99%B5%E5%AF%9D" title="明清皇家陵寝">明清皇家陵寝</a></span><span class="nowrap">（共14處）</span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">1039</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B2%E5%B2%A1%E7%9F%B3%E7%AA%9F" title="雲岡石窟">雲岡石窟</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">1110</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%9F%8E%E5%8D%80" title="澳門歷史城區">澳門歷史城區</a></span><span class="nowrap">（共2區）</span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">1111</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E6%B2%B3%E5%93%88%E5%B0%BC%E6%A2%AF%E7%94%B0" title="红河哈尼梯田">红河哈尼梯田文化景观</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">1112</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%B9%B3%E7%A2%89%E6%A5%BC" title="开平碉楼">開平碉樓與村落</a></span><span class="nowrap">（共4處）</span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">1113</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA%E5%9C%9F%E6%A5%BC" title="福建土楼">福建土楼</a></span><span class="nowrap">（共10處）</span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">1114</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%B7%E5%A2%9F" title="殷墟">殷墟</a></span><span class="nowrap">（共2處）</span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:purple;background-color:transparent;;">1135</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8F%A5%E4%B8%BD%E7%8E%8B%E5%9F%8E%E3%80%81%E7%8E%8B%E9%99%B5%E5%8F%8A%E8%B4%B5%E6%97%8F%E5%A2%93%E8%91%AC" title="高句丽王城、王陵及贵族墓葬">高句丽王城、王陵及贵族墓葬</a></span><span class="nowrap">（共5處）</span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">1279</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1" title="五台山">五台山</a></span><span class="nowrap">（共2處）</span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">1305</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BB%E5%B0%81%E2%80%9C%E5%A4%A9%E5%9C%B0%E4%B9%8B%E4%B8%AD%E2%80%9D%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%BE%A4" title="登封“天地之中”历史建筑群">登封“天地之中”历史建筑群</a></span><span class="nowrap">（共8處）</span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">1334</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96" title="西湖">杭州西湖文化景观</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">1389</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E4%B8%8A%E9%83%BD" title="元上都">元上都遗址</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:DeepPink;background-color:transparent;;">1442</span><sup><small>A</small></sup>：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9D%E7%BB%B8%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF%EF%BC%9A%E9%95%BF%E5%AE%89%E2%80%94%E5%A4%A9%E5%B1%B1%E5%BB%8A%E9%81%93%E7%9A%84%E8%B7%AF%E7%BD%91" title="丝绸之路：长安—天山廊道的路网">丝绸之路：长安—天山廊道的路网</a></span><span class="nowrap">（中國境內有<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E9%AD%8F%E6%B4%9B%E9%98%B3%E6%95%85%E5%9F%8E" title="汉魏洛阳故城">汉魏洛阳故城</a>等22處，合共33處）</span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:#ff0080;background-color:transparent;;">1443</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%BF%90%E6%B2%B3" title="大运河">大运河</a></span><span class="nowrap">（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E6%9D%AD%E5%A4%A7%E8%BF%90%E6%B2%B3" title="京杭大运河">京杭大运河</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E5%94%90%E5%A4%A7%E8%BF%90%E6%B2%B3" title="隋唐大运河">隋唐大运河</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%99%E4%B8%9C%E8%BF%90%E6%B2%B3" title="浙东运河">浙东运河</a>）</span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:pink;background-color:transparent;;">1474</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%8F%B8%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80" title="土司遗址">土司遗址</a></span><span class="nowrap">（共3处）</span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">1508</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E5%B1%B1%E5%B2%A9%E7%94%BB" title="花山岩画">左江花山岩画文化景观</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">1541</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%93%E6%B5%AA%E5%B1%BF" title="鼓浪屿">鼓浪屿：历史国际社区</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">1561</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%89%E5%B7%9E%EF%BC%9A%E5%AE%8B%E5%85%83%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%95%86%E8%B4%B8%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="泉州：宋元中国的世界海洋商贸中心">泉州：宋元中国的世界海洋商贸中心</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">1592</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%AF%E6%B8%9A%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80" title="良渚遗址">良渚古城遗址</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">1665</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%B4%B1%E6%99%AF%E8%BF%88%E5%B1%B1%E5%8F%A4%E8%8C%B6%E6%9E%97" title="普洱景迈山古茶林">普洱景迈山古茶林文化景观</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">1714</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E4%B8%AD%E8%BD%B4%E7%BA%BF" title="北京中轴线">北京中轴线</a></span></li></ul></div> </div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;background:#f7f7f7;;width:35%;"><div> <div class="div-col" style="column-count:1; column-width:auto;"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:limegreen;background-color:transparent;;">637</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%AF%A8%E6%B2%9F%E9%A3%8E%E6%99%AF%E5%90%8D%E8%83%9C%E5%8C%BA" title="九寨沟风景名胜区">九寨沟风景名胜区</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:limegreen;background-color:transparent;;">638</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E9%BE%99%E9%A3%8E%E6%99%AF%E5%90%8D%E8%83%9C%E5%8C%BA" title="黄龙风景名胜区">黄龙风景名胜区</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:limegreen;background-color:transparent;;">640</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E9%99%B5%E6%BA%90%E9%A2%A8%E6%99%AF%E5%90%8D%E5%8B%9D%E5%8D%80" title="武陵源風景名勝區">武陵源風景名勝區</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:limegreen;background-color:transparent;;">1083</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%91%E5%8D%97%E4%B8%89%E6%B1%9F%E5%B9%B6%E6%B5%81%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%8C%BA" title="云南三江并流保护区">云南三江并流保护区</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:limegreen;background-color:transparent;;">1213</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D%E5%A4%A7%E7%86%8A%E7%8C%AB%E6%A0%96%E6%81%AF%E5%9C%B0" title="四川大熊猫栖息地">四川大熊猫栖息地</a>—<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A7%E9%BE%99%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BA%A7%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%8C%BA" title="卧龙国家级自然保护区">臥龙</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%A7%91%E5%A8%98%E5%B1%B1" title="四姑娘山">四姑娘山</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B9%E9%87%91%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89" title="夹金山脉">夹金山脉</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:turquoise;background-color:transparent;;">1248</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8D%97%E6%96%B9%E5%96%80%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" title="中国南方喀斯特">中国南方喀斯特</a></span><span class="nowrap">（共12處）</span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:limegreen;background-color:transparent;;">1292</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B8%85%E5%B1%B1" title="三清山">三清山国家公园</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:darkgreen;background-color:transparent;;">1414</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%B1%B1%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89" title="天山山脉">新疆天山</a></span><span class="nowrap">（共4處）</span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:limegreen;background-color:transparent;;">1335</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%B9%E9%9C%9E" title="中國丹霞">中國丹霞</a></span><span class="nowrap">（共9處）</span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:limegreen;background-color:transparent;;">1388</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%84%E6%B1%9F%E5%8C%96%E7%9F%B3%E5%9C%B0" title="澄江化石地">澄江化石遗址</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:limegreen;background-color:transparent;;">1509</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E5%8C%97%E7%A5%9E%E5%86%9C%E6%9E%B6%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD" title="湖北神农架国家公园">湖北神农架</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:limegreen;background-color:transparent;;">1540</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%8F%AF%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C" title="可可西里">青海可可西里</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:limegreen;background-color:transparent;;">1559</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E5%87%80%E5%B1%B1" title="梵净山">梵净山</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:#ff8040;background-color:transparent;;">1606</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%BB%84%EF%BC%88%E6%B8%A4%EF%BC%89%E6%B5%B7%E5%80%99%E9%B8%9F%E6%A0%96%E6%81%AF%E5%9C%B0" title="中国黄（渤）海候鸟栖息地">中国黄（渤）海候鸟棲息地（第二期）</a></span></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:limegreen;background-color:transparent;;">1638</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E4%B8%B9%E5%90%89%E6%9E%97%E6%B2%99%E6%BC%A0" title="巴丹吉林沙漠">巴丹吉林沙漠</a></span></li></ul></div> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#D1E5F2;;width:1%">複合遺產</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:#f7f7f7;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:gold;background-color:transparent;;">437</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%B1%B1" title="泰山">泰山</a></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:gold;background-color:transparent;;">547</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%B1%B1" title="黄山">黄山</a></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:gold;background-color:transparent;;">779</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%B3%A8%E7%9C%89%E5%B1%B1" title="峨眉山">峨眉山</a>—<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%90%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%E4%BD%9B" title="乐山大佛">乐山大佛</a></span> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:gold;background-color:transparent;;">911</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%A4%B7%E5%B1%B1_(%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7)" title="武夷山 (世界遗产)">武夷山</a></span></span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#D1E5F2;;font-size:85%;"><div>「A」與<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="哈萨克斯坦">哈萨克斯坦</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="吉尔吉斯斯坦">吉尔吉斯斯坦</a>共有。<br /><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7" title="Portal:世界遗产">世界遺產主題首頁</a> | <a href="/wiki/WikiProject:%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7" title="WikiProject:世界遗产">世界遺產專題</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7" title="世界遗产">世界遗产</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="亚洲和太平洋地区世界遗产列表">亚洲和太平洋地区世界遗产列表</a> | <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:World_Heritage_Sites_in_China" class="extiw" title="c:Category:World Heritage Sites in China">维基共享资源</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="中国十大风景名胜" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8D%81%E5%A4%A7%E9%A3%8E%E6%99%AF%E5%90%8D%E8%83%9C" title="Template:中国十大风景名胜"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8D%81%E5%A4%A7%E9%A3%8E%E6%99%AF%E5%90%8D%E8%83%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:中国十大风景名胜（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8D%81%E5%A4%A7%E9%A3%8E%E6%99%AF%E5%90%8D%E8%83%9C" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:中国十大风景名胜"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="中国十大风景名胜" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8D%81%E5%A4%A7%E9%A3%8E%E6%99%AF%E5%90%8D%E8%83%9C" title="中国十大风景名胜">中国十大风景名胜</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">万里长城</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%82%E6%9E%97%E5%B1%B1%E6%B0%B4" title="桂林山水">桂林山水</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96" title="西湖">杭州西湖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%85%E5%AE%AB" title="故宫">北京故宫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E5%9B%AD%E6%9E%97" title="苏州古典园林">苏州园林</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%B1%B1" title="黄山">安徽黄山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E6%B1%9F%E4%B8%89%E5%B3%A1" title="长江三峡">长江三峡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%88%E6%BD%AD" title="日月潭">台湾日月潭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%BF%E5%BE%B7%E9%81%BF%E6%9A%91%E5%B1%B1%E5%BA%84%E5%8F%8A%E5%85%B6%E5%91%A8%E5%9B%B4%E5%AF%BA%E5%BA%99" title="承德避暑山庄及其周围寺庙">承德避暑山庄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E5%A7%8B%E7%9A%87%E5%85%B5%E9%A9%AC%E4%BF%91" title="秦始皇兵马俑">西安秦陵兵马俑</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>（1985年《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%85%E6%B8%B8%E6%8A%A5" title="中国旅游报">中国旅游报</a>》评选）</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="秦朝历史" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%A7%A6%E6%9C%9D%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="Template:秦朝歷史事件"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%A7%A6%E6%9C%9D%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="Template talk:秦朝歷史事件"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%A7%A6%E6%9C%9D%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:秦朝歷史事件"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="秦朝历史" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E6%9C%9D" title="秦朝">秦朝</a>历史</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E7%81%AD%E5%85%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%98" title="秦灭六国之战">灭六国</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D" title="皇帝">始號皇帝</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E5%BA%A6%E9%87%8F%E8%A1%A1" title="統一度量衡">統一度量衡</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E7%AF%86" title="小篆">書同文</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8A%E5%90%8C%E8%BB%8C" title="車同軌">車同軌</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A1%E5%8E%BF%E5%88%B6" title="郡县制">郡县制</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E9%A9%B0%E9%81%93" title="秦驰道">築馳道</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%84%9A%E4%B9%A6%E5%9D%91%E5%84%92" title="焚书坑儒">焚书坑儒</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%88%BF%E5%AE%AB" title="阿房宫">阿房宫</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E5%A7%8B%E7%9A%87%E9%99%B5" title="秦始皇陵">驪山陵</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">修筑长城</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E8%92%99%E6%81%AC%E6%94%BB%E5%8C%88%E5%A5%B4%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%98" title="秦蒙恬攻匈奴之战">北击匈奴</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E5%BE%81%E7%99%BE%E8%B6%8A" title="秦征百越">南戍五岭</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B5%E6%B8%A0" title="灵渠">灵渠</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E5%A7%8B%E7%9A%87%E4%B8%9C%E5%B7%A1" title="秦始皇东巡">秦始皇东巡</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E6%B5%AA%E6%B2%99%E8%A1%8C%E5%88%BA%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="博浪沙行刺事件">博浪沙行刺事件</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%90%E7%A6%8F" title="徐福">徐福东渡</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E6%B3%B0%E5%B1%B1%E5%88%BB%E7%9F%B3" title="秦泰山刻石">封泰山碑</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E4%B8%98%E4%B9%8B%E5%8F%98" title="沙丘之变">沙丘之变</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%99%E9%AB%98" class="mw-redirect" title="趙高">趙高專政</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B3%BD%E4%B9%A1%E8%B5%B7%E4%B9%89" title="大泽乡起义">大泽乡起义</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E6%9C%AB%E6%B0%91%E5%8F%98" title="秦末民变">秦末民变</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A8%E9%B9%BF%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%98" title="巨鹿之战">巨鹿之战</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9B%E5%A4%B7%E5%AE%AB%E4%B9%8B%E5%8F%98" title="望夷宫之变">望夷宫之变</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%89%E7%AB%A0" title="约法三章">约法三章</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%B4%BB%E9%96%80%E5%AE%B4" title="鴻門宴">鴻門宴</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding: 0px"><div><div style="background-color:#8B2323;font-weight:bold;color:white;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="中国历史年表"><span style="color:white">中國歷史事件</span></a></div> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%82%B3%E7%96%91%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="Template:中國傳疑時代歷史事件">傳疑時代</a> </span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%A4%8F%E6%9C%9D%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:夏朝歷史事件">夏朝</a> </span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%95%86%E6%9C%9D%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="Template:商朝歷史事件">商朝</a> </span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%A5%BF%E5%91%A8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="Template:西周歷史事件">西周</a> </span> <span class="nowrap">→ 東周（<a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="Template:春秋歷史事件">春秋</a> </span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%88%B0%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="Template:戰國歷史事件">戰國</a>）</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <b>秦朝</b> </span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%BC%A2%E6%9C%9D%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="Template:漢朝歷史事件">漢朝</a> </span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="Template:三國歷史事件">三國</a> </span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%99%89%E6%9C%9D%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="Template:晉朝歷史事件">晉朝</a>／<a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BA%94%E8%83%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="Template:五胡十六國歷史事件">十六國</a> </span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E6%9C%9D%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="Template:南北朝歷史事件">南北朝</a> </span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%9A%8B%E6%9C%9D%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="Template:隋朝歷史事件">隋朝</a> </span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="Template:唐朝歷史事件">唐朝</a> </span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BA%94%E4%BB%A3%E5%8D%81%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="Template:五代十國歷史事件">五代十國</a> </span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:宋朝歷史事件">宋朝</a>／<a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%81%BC%E9%87%91%E5%A4%8F%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="Template:遼金夏歷史事件">遼金夏</a> </span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%85%83%E6%9C%9D%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="Template:元朝歷史事件">元朝</a> </span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="Template:明朝歷史事件">明朝</a> </span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="Template:清朝歷史事件">清朝</a> </span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="中華民國大陸時期">中華民國</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="中国古城墙" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99" title="Template:中国古城墙"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99" title="Template talk:中国古城墙"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:中国古城墙"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="中国古城墙" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">中国古<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99" title="城墙">城墙</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">等级</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E5%9F%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="都城">都城</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E5%9F%8E" title="皇城">皇城</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%AE%E5%9F%8E" class="mw-disambig" title="宮城">宫城</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%9C%E6%B2%BB" title="府治">府城</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%9E%E5%9F%8E" class="mw-disambig" title="州城">州城</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%BF%E5%9F%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="县城">县城</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%85%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="厅城（页面不存在）">厅城</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E6%89%80%E5%88%B6" title="衛所制">卫城</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%80%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="所城（页面不存在）">所城</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A0%A1%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="堡城（页面不存在）">堡城</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A1%E6%A3%80%E5%8F%B8%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巡检司城（页面不存在）">巡检司城</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%8F%B8%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土司城（页面不存在）">土司城</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Beijing_Chaoyangmen_1905.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Beijing_Chaoyangmen_1905.jpg/300px-Beijing_Chaoyangmen_1905.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Beijing_Chaoyangmen_1905.jpg/450px-Beijing_Chaoyangmen_1905.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Beijing_Chaoyangmen_1905.jpg/600px-Beijing_Chaoyangmen_1905.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="498" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">规划</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E5%9F%8E" title="子城">子城</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E5%9F%8E" title="罗城">罗城</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%83%AD%E5%9F%8E%EF%BC%88%E5%9F%8E%E6%B1%A0%EF%BC%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="郭城（城池）（页面不存在）">郭城</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%BE%E5%9F%8E" class="mw-disambig" title="夾城">夹城</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%A9%E7%8E%8B%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="藩王城（页面不存在）">藩王城</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E6%97%97%E9%A9%BB%E9%98%B2%E5%9F%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="八旗驻防城">满城</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%AE%E5%9F%8E" title="瓮城">瓮城</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8A%E9%A9%AC%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羊马城（页面不存在）">羊马城</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%A4%E5%9F%8E%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="护城河">护城河</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">建筑</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">门</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E9%97%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="城门">城门</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E9%96%80" title="水門">水门</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">台</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%8E%E5%8F%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="城台（页面不存在）">城台</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%8C%E5%8F%B0_(%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99)" title="敌台 (城墙)">敌台</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9B%E6%95%B5%E8%87%BA" title="虛敵臺">虛敵臺</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E8%87%BA" title="角臺">角臺</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">楼</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E6%A5%BC" title="城楼">城楼</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AE%AD%E6%A5%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="箭楼（页面不存在）">箭楼</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%97%B8%E6%A5%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="闸楼（页面不存在）">闸楼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%8C%E6%A5%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="敌楼">敌楼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E6%A3%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="戰棚">战棚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E6%A5%BC_(%E8%BE%85%E5%8A%A9%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91)" title="角楼 (辅助建筑)">角樓 (輔助建築)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">其它</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E5%85%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水关（页面不存在）">水关</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B6%B5%E6%B4%9E_(%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="涵洞 (城墙)（页面不存在）">涵洞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%81%93" title="马道">马道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9E%9B%E5%8F%A3" title="垛口">垛口</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E5%85%92%E7%89%86" title="女兒牆">女墙</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%83%E7%9C%BC" title="銃眼">銃眼</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AA%9D%E9%93%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="窝铺（页面不存在）">窝铺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%A3%E6%A9%8B" title="釣橋">釣橋</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">分省</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%82%E5%A2%83%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99" title="Template:北京市境内的古城墙">京</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%A4%A9%E6%B4%A5%E5%B8%82%E5%A2%83%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99" title="Template:天津市境内的古城墙">津</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B2%B3%E5%8C%97%E7%9C%81%E5%A2%83%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99" title="Template:河北省境内的古城墙">冀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%B1%B1%E8%A5%BF%E7%9C%81%E5%A2%83%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99" title="Template:山西省境内的古城墙">晋</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:%E5%86%85%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA%E5%A2%83%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:内蒙古自治区境内的古城墙（页面不存在）">蒙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%BE%BD%E5%AE%81%E7%9C%81%E5%A2%83%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99" title="Template:辽宁省境内的古城墙">辽</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:%E5%90%89%E6%9E%97%E7%9C%81%E5%A2%83%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:吉林省境内的古城墙（页面不存在）">吉</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:%E9%BB%91%E9%BE%99%E6%B1%9F%E7%9C%81%E5%A2%83%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:黑龙江省境内的古城墙（页面不存在）">黑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E5%A2%83%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99" title="Template:上海市境内的古城墙">沪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B1%9F%E8%8B%8F%E7%9C%81%E5%A2%83%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99" title="Template:江苏省境内的古城墙">苏</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B5%99%E6%B1%9F%E7%9C%81%E5%A2%83%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99" title="Template:浙江省境内的古城墙">浙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%BD%E7%9C%81%E5%A2%83%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99" title="Template:安徽省境内的古城墙">皖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA%E7%9C%81%E5%A2%83%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99" title="Template:福建省境内的古城墙">闽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B1%9F%E8%A5%BF%E7%9C%81%E5%A2%83%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99" title="Template:江西省境内的古城墙">赣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E5%A2%83%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99" title="Template:山东省境内的古城墙">鲁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B2%B3%E5%8D%97%E7%9C%81%E5%A2%83%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99" title="Template:河南省境内的古城墙">豫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B9%96%E5%8C%97%E7%9C%81%E5%A2%83%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99" title="Template:湖北省境内的古城墙">鄂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B9%96%E5%8D%97%E7%9C%81%E5%A2%83%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99" title="Template:湖南省境内的古城墙">湘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E5%A2%83%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99" title="Template:广东省境内的古城墙">粵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%B9%BF%E8%A5%BF%E5%A3%AE%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA%E5%A2%83%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99" title="Template:广西壮族自治区境内的古城墙">桂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B5%B7%E5%8D%97%E7%9C%81%E5%A2%83%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99" title="Template:海南省境内的古城墙">琼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%87%8D%E5%BA%86%E5%B8%82%E5%A2%83%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99" title="Template:重庆市境内的古城墙">渝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D%E7%9C%81%E5%A2%83%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99" title="Template:四川省境内的古城墙">川</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%B4%B5%E5%B7%9E%E7%9C%81%E5%A2%83%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99" title="Template:贵州省境内的古城墙">黔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BA%91%E5%8D%97%E7%9C%81%E5%A2%83%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99" title="Template:云南省境内的古城墙">滇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA%E5%A2%83%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99" title="Template:西藏自治区境内的古城墙">藏</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%99%95%E8%A5%BF%E7%9C%81%E5%A2%83%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99" title="Template:陕西省境内的古城墙">陕</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%94%98%E8%82%83%E7%9C%81%E5%A2%83%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99" title="Template:甘肃省境内的古城墙">甘</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:%E9%9D%92%E6%B5%B7%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA%E5%A2%83%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:青海自治区境内的古城墙（页面不存在）">青</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%AE%81%E5%A4%8F%E5%9B%9E%E6%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA%E5%A2%83%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99" title="Template:宁夏回族自治区境内的古城墙">宁</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86%E7%BB%B4%E5%90%BE%E5%B0%94%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA%E5%A2%83%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E%E5%A2%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:新疆维吾尔自治区境内的古城墙（页面不存在）">新</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>注：1. 中国古城墙包括长城和城市城墙两种形式，本模板主要针对城市城墙，关于长城的规划和建筑参见<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:长城（页面不存在）">长城</a>。2.因<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98" class="mw-redirect" title="台湾问题">台湾问题</a>，台澎金马地区的古城墙参见<a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%9F%8E%E6%B1%A0" title="Template:臺灣城池">台湾城池</a>。 3. 历史上各个时期的都城城墙及遗址参见<a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%83%BD%E5%9F%8E" title="Template:中国都城">中国都城</a>。 4. 参见<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%8B%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D%E6%8A%97%E8%92%99%E5%B1%B1%E5%9F%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="南宋四川抗蒙山城">南宋四川抗蒙山城</a>。</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="中国长城" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" title="Template:中国长城"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:中国长城（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:中国长城"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="中国长城" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">中国长城</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="长城历史（页面不存在）">历史</a> （<a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%90%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" title="齐长城">齐长城</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" title="明长城">明长城</a>）</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">外长城 <small>（自西向东）</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%98%89%E5%B3%AA%E5%85%B3" title="嘉峪关">嘉峪关</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%92%E9%97%A8%E5%A0%A1" title="拒门堡">拒门堡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E8%BE%BE%E5%B2%AD" title="八达岭">八达岭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E8%8A%B1%E5%9F%8E%E6%9D%91" title="黃花城村">黄花城</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%AD%E6%89%A3%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" title="箭扣长城">箭扣长城</a> <small>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E7%BB%93" title="北京结">北京结</a>）</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%95%E7%94%B0%E5%B3%AA%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" title="慕田峪长城">慕田峪长城</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B3%E5%A0%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="白马关堡（页面不存在）">白马关堡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%8C%97%E5%8F%A3%E9%95%87" title="古北口镇">古北口镇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%B1%E5%B2%AD%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" title="金山岭长城">金山岭长城</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%A9%AC%E5%8F%B0%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" title="司马台长城">司马台长城</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%B4%96%E5%85%B3" title="黄崖关">黄崖关</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E6%B5%B7%E5%85%B3" title="山海关">山海关</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%8E%E5%B1%B1%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" title="虎山长城">虎山长城</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">内长城 <small>（自西向东）</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%BF%E6%AD%A6%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="广武长城（页面不存在）">广武长城</a> <small>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%BF%E6%AD%A6%E6%9D%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新广武村（页面不存在）">新广武村</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%81%E9%97%A8%E5%85%B3" title="雁门关">雁门关</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%9E%8B%E5%85%B3" title="平型关">平型关</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%98%E5%AD%90%E5%85%B3" title="娘子关">娘子关</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E5%BA%B8%E5%85%B3" title="居庸关">居庸关</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E7%96%86%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" title="苗疆长城">苗疆长城</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E8%BE%B9" title="九边">九边</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BD%E9%98%B3%E5%B8%82" title="辽阳市">辽东镇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%93%9F%E5%B7%9E%E5%8C%BA" title="蓟州区">蓟州镇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A3%E5%8C%96%E5%8C%BA" title="宣化区">宣府镇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8C%E5%B8%82" title="大同市">大同镇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%8F%E5%85%B3%E5%8E%BF" title="偏关县">太原镇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A6%86%E6%9E%97%E5%B8%82" title="榆林市">延绥镇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B6%E5%B7%9D%E5%B8%82" title="银川市">宁夏镇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E5%8E%9F%E5%B8%82" title="固原市">固原镇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%B9%E5%8E%BF" title="山丹县">甘肃镇</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他时期</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B1%89" title="西汉">西汉</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%89%E9%97%A8%E5%85%B3" title="玉门关">玉门关</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B3%E5%85%B3" title="阳关">阳关</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E6%9C%9D" title="元朝">元朝</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E5%BA%B8%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%91%E5%8F%B0" title="居庸关云台">居庸关云台</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D" title="清朝">清朝</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%A2%83%E9%97%A8" title="大境门">大境门</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84365013">.mw-parser-output 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id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12501#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12501#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119610997">法国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119610997">BnF data</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4090402-7">德国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007402039805171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85057016">美国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00955433">日本</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Velká čínská zeď (Čína)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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