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class="firstHeading" lang="en">Metering mode</h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content"> <div id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> <div id="contentSub"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav" class="mw-jump"> Jump to: <a href="#mw-head">navigation</a>, <a href="#p-search">search</a> </div> <div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><p>In <a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography" title="Photography">photography</a>, the <b>metering mode</b> refers to the way in which a <a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera" title="Camera">camera</a> determines the <a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposure_(photography)" title="Exposure (photography)">exposure</a>.</p> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Metering-Digital.gif" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150905174026im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Metering-Digital.gif/220px-Metering-Digital.gif" width="220" height="154" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150905174026im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Metering-Digital.gif/330px-Metering-Digital.gif 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150905174026im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Metering-Digital.gif/440px-Metering-Digital.gif 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Metering-Digital.gif" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> Digital metering feedback</div> </div> </div> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Metering.gif" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150905174026im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Metering.gif/220px-Metering.gif" width="220" height="154" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150905174026im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Metering.gif/330px-Metering.gif 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150905174026im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Metering.gif/440px-Metering.gif 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Metering.gif" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> Analog metering feedback (light meter)</div> </div> </div> <p></p> <div id="toc" class="toc"> <div id="toctitle"> <h2>Contents</h2> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Examples_of_metering_modes"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Examples of metering modes</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Spot_metering"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Spot metering</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Center-weighted_average_metering"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Center-weighted average metering</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Average_metering"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Average metering</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Partial_.28selective.29_metering"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Partial (selective) metering</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Multi-zone_metering"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext">Multi-zone metering</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Highlight_Weighted_Metering"><span class="tocnumber">1.6</span> <span class="toctext">Highlight Weighted Metering</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <p></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Examples_of_metering_modes">Examples of metering modes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metering_mode&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Examples of metering modes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Cameras generally allow the user to select between <i>spot</i>, <i>center-weighted average</i>, or <i>multi-zone</i> metering modes.</p> <p>Various metering modes are provided to allow the user to select the most appropriate one for use in a variety of lighting conditions.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Spot_metering">Spot metering</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metering_mode&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Spot metering">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>With spot metering, the camera will only measure a very small area of the scene (between 1-5% of the viewfinder area). This will by default be the very centre of the scene. The user can select a different off-centre spot, or to recompose by moving the camera after metering. The first spot meter was built by <a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_James_Dalladay" title="Arthur James Dalladay">Arthur James Dalladay</a>, editor of The <a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Journal_of_Photography" title="British Journal of Photography">British Journal of Photography</a> in about 1935 and described it in the BJP Almanac of 1937 on pages 127 to 138.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>A few models (including the <a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympus_OM-4" title="Olympus OM-4">Olympus OM-4</a>, <a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon_T90" title="Canon T90">Canon T90</a> and in the digital world, the <a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Olympus_C-5050z&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olympus C-5050z (page does not exist)">Olympus C-5050z</a>) support a <i>Multi-Spot</i> mode which allows multiple spot meter readings to be taken of a scene that are averaged. Some cameras, the OM-4 and T90 included, also support metering of highlight and shadow areas.</p> <p>Spot metering is very accurate and is not influenced by other areas in the frame. It is commonly used to shoot very high contrast scenes. For example, if the subject's back is being hit by the rising sun and the face is a lot darker than the bright halo around the subject's back and hairline (the subject is "backlit"), spot metering allows the photographer to measure the light bouncing off the subject's face and expose properly for that, instead of the much brighter light around the hairline. The area around the back and hairline will then become over-exposed. Spot metering is a method upon which the <a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone_System" title="Zone System">Zone System</a> depends. In many cases the camera will over or underexpose, when using the spot mode. Modern cameras tend to find the correct exposure precisely. In complex light situations though, professional photographers tend to switch to manual mode, in order to ensure the same exposure in every photograph.</p> <p>Another example of spot metering usage would be when photographing the moon. Due to the very dark nature of the scene, other metering methods tend to overexpose the moon. Spot metering will allow for more detail to be brought out in the moon while underexposing the rest of the scene. More commonly, spot metering is used in theatre photography, where the brightly lit actors stand before a dark or even black curtain or scrim. Spot metering only considers the actors in this case, while ignoring the overall darkness of the scene.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Center-weighted_average_metering">Center-weighted average metering</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metering_mode&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Center-weighted average metering">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>In this system, the meter concentrates between 60 to 80 percent of the sensitivity towards the central part of the viewfinder. The balance is then "feathered" out towards the edges. Some cameras will allow the user to adjust the weight/balance of the central portion to the peripheral one. One advantage of this method is that it is less influenced by small areas that vary greatly in brightness at the edges of the viewfinder; as many subjects are in the central part of the frame, more consistent results can be obtained. When moving the focus point off center the camera will proceed as above but at the chosen focus point.</p> <p>Although promoted as a feature, center-weighted metering was originally a consequence of the meter cell reading from the focusing screen of <a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLR_camera" title="SLR camera" class="mw-redirect">SLR cameras</a>. Light scatter from the focusing screen and proximity of the meter cell caused fall off at the edges.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Average_metering">Average metering</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metering_mode&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Average metering">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>In this metering mode the camera will use the light information coming from the entire scene and averages for the final exposure setting, giving no weighting to any particular portion of the metered area. This mode tends to be precise because all parts of the scene are taken into consideration. Bright parts such as sky will not blow out. In some situations cameras tend to be overwhelmed such as by a snowy landscape. Photographs in such situations are often underexposed by 2 <a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-number" title="F-number">f-stops</a> or more.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Partial_.28selective.29_metering">Partial (selective) metering</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metering_mode&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Partial (selective) metering">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>This mode meters a larger area than spot metering (around 10-15% of the entire frame), and is generally used when very bright or very dark areas on the edges of the frame would otherwise influence the metering unduly. Like spot metering, some cameras can use variable points to take readings from, (in general autofocus points), or have a fixed point in the centre of the viewfinder. Partial metering is found mostly on Canon cameras.</p> <p><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leica_Camera" title="Leica Camera">Leica</a> <a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-lens_reflex_camera" title="Single-lens reflex camera">SLR</a> film cameras always featured selective metering. The original <a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leicaflex" title="Leicaflex" class="mw-redirect">Leicaflex</a> and <a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leicaflex_SL" title="Leicaflex SL" class="mw-redirect">Leicaflex SL</a> only provided selective metering, later <a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leica_R3" title="Leica R3">Leica R</a> cameras had selectable centre weighted / selective metering.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Multi-zone_metering">Multi-zone metering</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metering_mode&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Multi-zone metering">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Multizone_metering_example.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150905174026im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/51/Multizone_metering_example.jpg/220px-Multizone_metering_example.jpg" width="220" height="331" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150905174026im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/51/Multizone_metering_example.jpg/330px-Multizone_metering_example.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150905174026im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/51/Multizone_metering_example.jpg 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="650"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Multizone_metering_example.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> Honeycomb Metering on a Dynax 5D. The AF point was set to the eye of the toy; the camera has been able to produce a good exposure, by not being fooled by the strong back lighting of the out of focus areas.</div> </div> </div> <p>This mode is also called <i>matrix</i>, <i>evaluative</i>, <i>honeycomb</i>, <i>segment metering</i>, or <i>esp</i> (electro selective pattern) metering on some cameras. This metering mode was first introduced by the <a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikon_FA" title="Nikon FA">Nikon FA</a>, where it was called Automatic Multi-Pattern metering. On a number of cameras this is the default/standard metering setting. Here the camera measures the light intensity in several points in the scene, and then combines the results to find the settings for the best exposure. How they are combined/calculated deviates from camera to camera. The actual number of <i>zones</i> used varies wildly, from several to over a thousand. However performance should not be concluded on the number of zones alone, or the layout. In general, the most advanced metering is found on <a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-lens_reflex" title="Single-lens reflex" class="mw-redirect">single-lens reflex</a> cameras.</p> <p>Many manufacturers are less than open about the exact calculations used to determine the exposure. A number of factors are taken into consideration, including the following: <a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autofocus" title="Autofocus">Autofocus</a> point, distance to subject, areas in focus or out of focus, colors/hues of the scene, and backlighting. Multi-zone tends to bias its exposure towards the autofocus point being used (while taking into account other areas of the frame too), thus ensuring that the point of interest has been exposed for properly, (this often means the subject area being exposed for as a mid-tone). A database of many thousands of exposures is pre-stored in the camera, and the processor can use a <i>selective pattern</i> to determine what is being photographed.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Some cameras allow the user to link or unlink the autofocus and metering, and allow the option of locking exposure once AF confirmation is achieved, <i>AEL</i>, (auto-exposure lock). Using manual focus, and on many compacts/bridge cameras, the AF point is not used as part of the exposure calculation, in such instances it is common for the metering to default to a central point in the viewfinder, using a pattern based on that area. There is considerable variation from different manufacturers as to how multi-zone metering is implemented, and even from the same maker in their model range, and how much "priority" is given to the AF point itself. Some "Scene" modes, such as sunset, sports, night exposures etc., also often affect the calculations of this metering pattern.</p> <p>However, some photographers may be uncomfortable with multi-zone metering. This tends to stem from a lack of clarity about "how" the camera reacts in certain situations. The design concept behind multi-zone is to reduce the need to use <a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposure_compensation" title="Exposure compensation">exposure compensation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Some users have problems making wide-angle shots with high contrast, due to the large area which can vary greatly in brightness. It is important to understand that even in this situation, the focus point can be critical to the overall exposure.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Highlight_Weighted_Metering">Highlight Weighted Metering</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metering_mode&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Highlight Weighted Metering">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clipping_(photography)" title="Clipping (photography)">Clipping</a> is reduced by using a high resolution metering sensor and analyzing each area for blown highlights or <a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposure_(photography)#Blacks" title="Exposure (photography)">underexposed</a> shadows.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> Although there are some similarities with Multi-zone, Matrix or evaluative metering, this mode uses a high resolution sensor for detailed detection and gives more <i>weight</i> to reduce clipping. First used in the <a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikon_D810" title="Nikon D810">Nikon D810</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metering_mode&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">Hicks, Roger W. (October 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150905174026/http://www.shutterbug.net/techniques/lighting/1002sb_thesei/">"The SEI Photometer A Legend Among Spot Meters"</a>. Shutterbug Magazine<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2009</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetering+mode&rft.aufirst=Roger+W.&rft.au=Hicks%2C+Roger+W.&rft.aulast=Hicks&rft.btitle=The+SEI+Photometer+A+Legend+Among+Spot+Meters&rft.date=October+2002&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shutterbug.net%2Ftechniques%2Flighting%2F1002sb_thesei%2F&rft.pub=Shutterbug+Magazine&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150905174026/http://imaging.nikon.com/products/imaging/technology/scene/14/index.htm">"Exposure Metering"</a>. Nikon Corporation.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetering+mode&rft.btitle=Exposure+Metering&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fimaging.nikon.com%2Fproducts%2Fimaging%2Ftechnology%2Fscene%2F14%2Findex.htm&rft.pub=Nikon+Corporation&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150905174026/http://www.canon.com/technology/canon_tech/explanation/multi_zone.html">Canon technology description for evaluative metering.</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150905174026/http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.canon.com/technology/canon_tech/explanation/multi_zone.html"><span title=" since January 2010">dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150905174026/http://photographylife.com/nikon-d810-announcement">Nikon D810 Announcement</a> Photographylife</span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150905174026/http://www.amateurphotographer.co.uk/reviews/dslrs/129531/1/first-look-review-nikon-d810">First Look Review: Nikon D810</a> <a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amateur_Photographer" title="Amateur Photographer">Amateur Photographer</a></span></li> </ol> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metering_mode&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150905174026/http://www.dpreview.com/learn/?/Glossary/Exposure/Metering_01.htm">Metering</a> in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150905174026/http://www.dpreview.com/">Digital Photography Review</a> glossary.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150905174026/http://nps.nikonimaging.com/technical_solutions/d810_tips/highlight/">Highlight-Weighted Metering: Technical Details and Use</a> Nikon</li> </ul> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td style="padding:2px"> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Photography" title="Template:Photography"><span title="View this template" style="text-align:center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Photography" title="Template talk:Photography"><span title="Discuss this template" style="text-align:center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Photography&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style="text-align:center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:114%"><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography" title="Photography">Photography</a></div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"> <div><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_photography" title="Outline of photography">Outline of photography</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_terminology" title="Technical terminology" class="mw-redirect">Terminology</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/35_mm_equivalent_focal_length" title="35 mm equivalent focal length">35 mm equivalent focal length</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_view" title="Angle of view">Angle of view</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aperture" title="Aperture">Aperture</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-and-white" title="Black-and-white">Black-and-white</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatic_aberration" title="Chromatic aberration">Chromatic aberration</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circle_of_confusion" title="Circle of confusion">Circle of confusion</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_temperature" title="Color temperature">Color temperature</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth_of_field" title="Depth of field">Depth of field</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth_of_focus" title="Depth of focus">Depth of focus</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposure_(photography)" title="Exposure (photography)">Exposure</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposure_compensation" title="Exposure compensation">Exposure compensation</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposure_value" title="Exposure value">Exposure value</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-number" title="F-number">F-number</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_format" title="Film format">Film format</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">Film speed</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focal_length" title="Focal length">Focal length</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guide_number" title="Guide number">Guide number</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperfocal_distance" title="Hyperfocal distance">Hyperfocal distance</a></li> <li><strong class="selflink">Metering mode</strong></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perspective_distortion_(photography)" title="Perspective distortion (photography)">Perspective distortion</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photograph" title="Photograph">Photograph</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographic_printing" title="Photographic printing">Photographic printing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photographic_processes" title="List of photographic processes">Photographic processes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocity_(photography)" title="Reciprocity (photography)">Reciprocity</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red-eye_effect" title="Red-eye effect">Red-eye effect</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_of_photography" title="Science of photography">Science of photography</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shutter_speed" title="Shutter speed">Shutter speed</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_synchronization" title="Flash synchronization">Sync</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone_system" title="Zone system" class="mw-redirect">Zone system</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_balance" title="White balance" class="mw-redirect">White balance</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Photography_by_genre" title="Category:Photography by genre">Genres</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerial_photography" title="Aerial photography">Aerial</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural_photography" title="Architectural photography">Architectural</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_photography" title="Commercial photography" class="mw-redirect">Commercial</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conceptual_photography" title="Conceptual photography">Conceptual</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_photography" title="Conservation photography">Conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloudscape_photography" title="Cloudscape photography">Cloudscape</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Documentary_photography" title="Documentary photography">Documentary</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erotic_photography" title="Erotic photography">Erotic</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion_photography" title="Fashion photography">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine-art_photography" title="Fine-art photography">Fine-art</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_photography" title="Fire photography">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forensic_photography" title="Forensic photography">Forensic</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glamour_photography" title="Glamour photography">Glamour</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-speed_photography" title="High-speed photography">High-speed</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landscape_photography" title="Landscape photography">Landscape</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lomography" title="Lomography">Lomography</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature_photography" title="Nature photography">Nature</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nude_photography" title="Nude photography">Nude</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photojournalism" title="Photojournalism">Photojournalism</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pornography" title="Pornography">Pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portrait_photography" title="Portrait photography">Portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-mortem_photography" title="Post-mortem photography">Post-mortem</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selfie" title="Selfie">Selfie</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senior_portraits" title="Senior portraits" class="mw-redirect">Senior</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_documentary_photography" title="Social documentary photography">Social documentary</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_photography" title="Sports photography">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Still_life_photography" title="Still life photography">Still life</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stock_photography" title="Stock photography">Stock</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street_photography" title="Street photography">Street</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vernacular_photography" title="Vernacular photography">Vernacular</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwater_photography" title="Underwater photography">Underwater</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wedding_photography" title="Wedding photography">Wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlife_photography" title="Wildlife photography">Wildlife</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Photographic_techniques" title="Category:Photographic techniques">Techniques</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afocal_photography" title="Afocal photography">Afocal photography</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bokeh" title="Bokeh">Bokeh</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contre-jour" title="Contre-jour">Contre-jour</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanotype" title="Cyanotype">Cyanotype</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposing_to_the_right" title="Exposing to the right">Exposing to the right</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fill_flash" title="Fill flash">Fill flash</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fireworks_photography" title="Fireworks photography">Fireworks</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harris_shutter" title="Harris shutter">Harris shutter</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-speed_photography" title="High-speed photography">High-speed</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holography" title="Holography">Holography</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_photography" title="Infrared photography">Infrared</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirlian_photography" title="Kirlian photography">Kirlian</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kite_aerial_photography" title="Kite aerial photography">Kite aerial</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-exposure_photography" title="Long-exposure photography">Long-exposure</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macro_photography" title="Macro photography">Macro</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mordan%C3%A7age" title="Mordançage">Mordançage</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_exposure" title="Multiple exposure">Multiple exposure</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_photography" title="Night photography">Night</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panning_(camera)" title="Panning (camera)">Panning</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panoramic_photography" title="Panoramic photography">Panoramic</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photogram" title="Photogram">Photogram</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographic_print_toning" title="Photographic print toning">Print toning</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redscale" title="Redscale">Redscale</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rephotography" title="Rephotography">Rephotography</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rollout_photography" title="Rollout photography">Rollout</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanography" title="Scanography">Scanography</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solarisation" title="Solarisation">Sabatier effect</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereoscopy" title="Stereoscopy">Stereoscopy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stopping_down" title="Stopping down">Stopping down</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strip_photography" title="Strip photography">Strip</a> (<a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slit-scan_photography" title="Slit-scan photography">Slit-scan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_printing" title="Sun printing">Sun printing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilt%E2%80%93shift_photography" title="Tilt–shift photography">Tilt–shift</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-lapse_photography" title="Time-lapse photography">Time-lapse</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet_photography" title="Ultraviolet photography">Ultraviolet</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vignetting" title="Vignetting">Vignetting</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerox_art" title="Xerox art">Xerography</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composition_(visual_arts)" title="Composition (visual arts)">Composition</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagonal_method" title="Diagonal method">Diagonal method</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Framing_(visual_arts)" title="Framing (visual arts)">Framing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composition_(visual_arts)#Geometry_and_symmetry" title="Composition (visual arts)">Geometry and symmetry</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headroom_(photographic_framing)" title="Headroom (photographic framing)">Headroom</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_room" title="Lead room">Lead room</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_thirds" title="Rule of thirds">Rule of thirds</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplicity_(photography)" title="Simplicity (photography)">Simplicity</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Photography_equipment" title="Category:Photography equipment">Equipment</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera" title="Camera">Camera</a> (<a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinhole_camera" title="Pinhole camera">pinhole</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangefinder_camera" title="Rangefinder camera">rangefinder</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-lens_reflex_camera" title="Single-lens reflex camera">SLR</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Still_camera" title="Still camera">still</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin-lens_reflex_camera" title="Twin-lens reflex camera">TLR</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toy_camera" title="Toy camera">toy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/View_camera" title="View camera">view</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darkroom" title="Darkroom">Darkroom</a> (<a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enlarger" title="Enlarger">enlarger</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safelight" title="Safelight">safelight</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographic_film" title="Photographic film">Film</a> (<a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_base" title="Film base">base</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_format" title="Film format">format</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_holder" title="Film holder">holder</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_stock" title="Film stock">stock</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographic_filter" title="Photographic filter">Filter</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_(photography)" title="Flash (photography)">Flash</a> (<a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beauty_dish" title="Beauty dish">beauty dish</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucoloris" title="Cucoloris">cucoloris</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobo_(lighting)" title="Gobo (lighting)">gobo</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_shoe" title="Hot shoe">hot shoe</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snoot#Grid" title="Snoot">grid</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monolight" title="Monolight">monolight</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snoot" title="Snoot">snoot</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softbox" title="Softbox">Softbox</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbrella#In_photography" title="Umbrella">umbrella</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_synchronization#Wireless_sync" title="Flash synchronization">wireless sync</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_lens" title="Camera lens">Lens</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photographic_equipment_makers" title="List of photographic equipment makers">Manufacturers</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopod" title="Monopod">Monopod</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movie_projector" title="Movie projector">Movie projector</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slide_projector" title="Slide projector">Slide projector</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripod_(photography)" title="Tripod (photography)">Tripod</a> (<a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripod_head" title="Tripod head">head</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone_plate" title="Zone plate">Zone plate</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_photography" title="History of photography">History</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_photography_technology" title="Timeline of photography technology">Timeline of photography technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog_photography" title="Analog photography">Analog photography</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autochrome_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Autochrome Lumière">Autochrome Lumière</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Box_camera" title="Box camera">Box camera</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calotype" title="Calotype">Calotype</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_obscura" title="Camera obscura">Camera obscura</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daguerreotype" title="Daguerreotype">Daguerreotype</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dufaycolor" title="Dufaycolor">Dufaycolor</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliography" title="Heliography">Heliography</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painted_photography_backdrops" title="Painted photography backdrops">Painted photography backdrops</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography_and_the_law" title="Photography and the law">Photography and the law</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_arts" title="Visual arts">Visual arts</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_photography" title="Digital photography">Digital photography</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_camera" title="Digital camera">Digital camera</a> (<a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_single-lens_reflex_camera" title="Digital single-lens reflex camera">D-SLRs</a> <span style="font-size:90%;">(<a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_digital_SLRs" title="Comparison of digital SLRs">comparison</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirrorless_interchangeable-lens_camera" title="Mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera">MILC</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_camera_back" title="Digital camera back">camera back</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digiscoping" title="Digiscoping">Digiscoping</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_versus_film_photography" title="Digital versus film photography">Digital versus film photography</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_scanner" title="Film scanner">Film scanner</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_sensor" title="Image sensor">Image sensor</a> (<a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_pixel_sensor" title="Active pixel sensor">CMOS APS</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge-coupled_device" title="Charge-coupled device">CCD</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-CCD_camera" title="Three-CCD camera">Three-CCD camera</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foveon_X3_sensor" title="Foveon X3 sensor">Foveon X3 sensor</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photo_sharing" title="Photo sharing">Photo sharing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pixel" title="Pixel">Pixel</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_photography" title="Color photography">Color photography</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color" title="Color">Color</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_film" title="Color film" class="mw-redirect">Color film</a> (<a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_print_film" title="Color print film">print</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reversal_film" title="Reversal film">slide</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_management" title="Color management">Color management</a> (<a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_space" title="Color space">color space</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_color" title="Primary color">primary color</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CMYK_color_model" title="CMYK color model">CMYK color model</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB_color_model" title="RGB color model">RGB color model</a>)</li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographic_processing" title="Photographic processing">Photographic<br/> processing</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleach_bypass" title="Bleach bypass">Bleach bypass</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-41_process" title="C-41 process">C-41 process</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross_processing" title="Cross processing">Cross processing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographic_developer" title="Photographic developer">Developer</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_image_processing" title="Digital image processing">Digital image processing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye_coupler" title="Dye coupler">Dye coupler</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-6_process" title="E-6 process">E-6 process</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographic_fixer" title="Photographic fixer">Fixer</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelatin_silver_process" title="Gelatin silver process">Gelatin silver process</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gum_printing" title="Gum printing">Gum printing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-14_process" title="K-14 process">K-14 process</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Print_permanence" title="Print permanence">Print permanence</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Push_processing" title="Push processing">Push processing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_bath" title="Stop bath">Stop bath</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;">Lists</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_photographs" title="List of most expensive photographs">Most expensive photographs</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photographers" title="List of photographers">Photographers</a> (<a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Norwegian_photographers" title="List of Norwegian photographers">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Polish_photographers" title="List of Polish photographers">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_street_photographers" title="List of street photographers">street</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_women_photographers" title="List of women photographers">women</a>)</li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;;font-weight:bold;"> <div> <ul> <li><img alt="Category" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150905174026im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" title="Category" width="16" height="14" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150905174026im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150905174026im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31"/> <a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Photography_museums_and_galleries" title="Category:Photography museums and galleries">Photography museums and galleries</a></li> <li><img alt="Portal" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150905174026im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/16px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png" title="Portal" width="16" height="14" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150905174026im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/24px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150905174026im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/32px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28"/> <a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Photography" title="Portal:Photography">Portal</a></li> <li><img alt="WikiProject" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150905174026im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" title="WikiProject" width="16" height="16" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150905174026im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150905174026im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100"/> <a href="/web/20150905174026/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Photography" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Photography">WikiProject</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table>    <noscript><img 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