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Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Duits" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Duits" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Duits" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geschiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geschiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geschiedenis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geschiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Letters_en_cijfers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Letters_en_cijfers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Letters en cijfers</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Letters_en_cijfers-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Letters en cijfers-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Letters_en_cijfers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Letters_zonder_accent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Letters_zonder_accent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Letters zonder accent</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Letters_zonder_accent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Letters_met_accent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Letters_met_accent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Letters met accent</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Letters_met_accent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tweeklanken" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tweeklanken"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Tweeklanken</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tweeklanken-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cijfers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cijfers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Cijfers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cijfers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spelling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spelling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Spelling</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Spelling-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Spelling-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Spelling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Spellingherziening_van_augustus_1998" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spellingherziening_van_augustus_1998"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Spellingherziening van augustus 1998</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spellingherziening_van_augustus_1998-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spellingherziening_van_februari_2006" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spellingherziening_van_februari_2006"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Spellingherziening van februari 2006</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spellingherziening_van_februari_2006-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zwitserland_en_Liechtenstein" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zwitserland_en_Liechtenstein"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Zwitserland en Liechtenstein</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zwitserland_en_Liechtenstein-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Schrift" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schrift"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Schrift</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schrift-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grammatica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammatica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Grammatica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grammatica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-De_Duitse_dialecten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#De_Duitse_dialecten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>De Duitse dialecten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-De_Duitse_dialecten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Duits_en_continentaal_West-Germaans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Duits_en_continentaal_West-Germaans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Duits en continentaal West-Germaans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Duits_en_continentaal_West-Germaans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Periferie_van_het_Duits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Periferie_van_het_Duits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Periferie van het Duits</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Periferie_van_het_Duits-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Periferie van het Duits-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Periferie_van_het_Duits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Binnen_Europa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Binnen_Europa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Binnen Europa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Binnen_Europa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buiten_Europa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buiten_Europa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Buiten Europa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buiten_Europa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Op_het_Duits_gebaseerde_creoolse_talen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Op_het_Duits_gebaseerde_creoolse_talen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Op het Duits gebaseerde creoolse talen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Op_het_Duits_gebaseerde_creoolse_talen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overige_mengtalen_en_invloeden_op_niet-Duitse_dialecten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overige_mengtalen_en_invloeden_op_niet-Duitse_dialecten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Overige mengtalen en invloeden op niet-Duitse dialecten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overige_mengtalen_en_invloeden_op_niet-Duitse_dialecten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rotwelsch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rotwelsch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Rotwelsch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rotwelsch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cognaten_en_valse_vrienden_ten_opzichte_van_het_Nederlands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cognaten_en_valse_vrienden_ten_opzichte_van_het_Nederlands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Cognaten en valse vrienden ten opzichte van het Nederlands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cognaten_en_valse_vrienden_ten_opzichte_van_het_Nederlands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Duits</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 265 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-265" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">265 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Агерман бызшәа – Abchazisch" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Агерман бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abchazisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahsa_Jeureuman" title="Bahsa Jeureuman – Atjehs" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Bahsa Jeureuman" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Atjehs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Германыбзэ – Adygees" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Германыбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adygees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duits" title="Duits – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Duits" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Sprache" title="Deutsche Sprache – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Deutsche Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%80%E1%88%AD%E1%88%98%E1%8A%95%E1%8A%9B" title="ጀርመንኛ – Amhaars" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጀርመንኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amhaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_alem%C3%A1n" title="Idioma alemán – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma alemán" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9E%C4%93odsc_spr%C7%A3c" title="Þēodsc sprǣc – Oudengels" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Þēodsc sprǣc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Oudengels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जर्मन भाषा – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="जर्मन भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة الألمانية – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الألمانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%AB%DC%A2%DC%90_%DC%93%DC%AA%DC%A1%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܠܫܢܐ ܓܪܡܢܝܐ – Aramees" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܫܢܐ ܓܪܡܢܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لألمانية – Marokkaans Arabisch" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لألمانية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Marokkaans Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89" title="لغه المانى – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لغه المانى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="জাৰ্মান ভাষা – Assamees" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জাৰ্মান ভাষা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_alem%C3%A1n" title="Idioma alemán – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma alemán" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D3%80" title="Герман мацӀ – Avarisch" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Герман мацӀ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जर्मन भाषा – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="जर्मन भाषा" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliman_aru" title="Aliman aru – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Aliman aru" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alman_dili" title="Alman dili – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Alman dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="آلمان دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آلمان دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Немец теле – Basjkiers" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Немец теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Basjkiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Jerman" title="Basa Jerman – Balinees" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Basa Jerman" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deitsche_Sproch" title="Deitsche Sproch – Beiers" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Deitsche Sproch" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Beiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuok%C4%ABtiu_kalba" title="Vuokītiu kalba – Samogitisch" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Vuokītiu kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Jerman" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tataramon_na_Aleman" title="Tataramon na Aleman – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tataramon na Aleman" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Нямецкая мова – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нямецкая мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Нямецкая мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нямецкая мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Немски език – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Немски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जर्मन भाषा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जर्मन भाषा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="জার্মান ভাষা – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জার্মান ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%87%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="འཇར་མན་སྐད། – Tibetaans" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="འཇར་མན་སྐད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alamaneg" title="Alamaneg – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Alamaneg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Njemački jezik – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Njemački jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saro_Jerman" title="Saro Jerman – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Saro Jerman" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Герман хэлэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Герман хэлэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemany" title="Alemany – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alemany" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A1ik-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Dáik-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dáik-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Девтойн мотт – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Девтойн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inaleman" title="Inaleman – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Inaleman" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%82%E1%8F%9B%E1%8F%A5_%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%AC%E1%8F%82%E1%8E%AF%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%97" title="ᎠᏂᏛᏥ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏂᏛᏥ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%27%C4%97ho%C3%A9seotse" title="Ma'ėhoéseotse – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Ma'ėhoéseotse" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%DA%B5%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زمانی ئەڵمانی – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی ئەڵمانی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_tedesca" title="Lingua tedesca – Corsicaans" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Lingua tedesca" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsicaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alman_tili" title="Alman tili – Krim-Tataars" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Alman tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Krim-Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%9Bm%C4%8Dina" title="Němčina – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Němčina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niemiecczi_j%C3%A3z%C3%ABk" title="Niemiecczi jãzëk – Kasjoebisch" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Niemiecczi jãzëk" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kasjoebisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%A3%D0%BC%D1%8C%D1%87%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D1%A9%EA%99%81%EA%99%91%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Нѣмьчьскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ – Kerkslavisch" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Нѣмьчьскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Kerkslavisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Нимĕç чĕлхи – Tsjoevasjisch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Нимĕç чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tsjoevasjisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almaeneg" title="Almaeneg – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Almaeneg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="aanbevolen artikel"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tysk_(sprog)" title="Tysk (sprog) – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tysk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaamani" title="Jaamani – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Jaamani" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Sprache" title="Deutsche Sprache – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Deutsche Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almanki" title="Almanki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Almanki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nim%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Nimšćina – Nedersorbisch" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Nimšćina" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Nedersorbisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A6%DE%8D%DE%B0%DE%89%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%A9" title="އަލްމާނީ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އަލްމާނީ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Γερμανική γλώσσα – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γερμανική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted%C3%A8sch" title="Tedèsch – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Tedèsch" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_language" title="German language – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="German language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germana_lingvo" title="Germana lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Germana lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_alem%C3%A1n" title="Idioma alemán – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma alemán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saksa_keel" title="Saksa keel – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Saksa keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleman" title="Aleman – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Aleman" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_alemana" title="Lengua alemana – Extremeens" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Lengua alemana" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زبان آلمانی – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان آلمانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almankoore" title="Almankoore – Fulah" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Almankoore" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fulah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saksan_kieli" title="Saksan kieli – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Saksan kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%27aksa_kiil" title="S'aksa kiil – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="S'aksa kiil" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BDskt_m%C3%A1l" title="Týskt mál – Faeröers" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Týskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faeröers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allemand" title="Allemand – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Allemand" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemand" title="Alemand – Arpitaans" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Alemand" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tj%C3%BCsch" title="Tjüsch – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Tjüsch" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenghe_todescje" title="Lenghe todescje – Friulisch" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Lenghe todescje" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BAtsk" title="Dútsk – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Dútsk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Ghearm%C3%A1inis" title="An Ghearmáinis – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Ghearmáinis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="德語 – Ganyu" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="德語" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Ganyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anlman" title="Anlman – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Anlman" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gearmailtis" title="Gearmailtis – Schots-Gaelisch" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Gearmailtis" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Schots-Gaelisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_alem%C3%A1" title="Lingua alemá – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua alemá" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A4%D9%86" title="آلماني زوؤن – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="آلماني زوؤن" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alema%C3%B1a%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BD" title="Alemañañe'ẽ – Guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Alemañañe'ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Jerman" title="Bahasa Jerman – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Bahasa Jerman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B8%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B6%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰 – Gothisch" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%A8_%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B7%E0%AA%BE" title="જર્મન ભાષા – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="જર્મન ભાષા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaanish" title="Germaanish – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Germaanish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_language" title="German language – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="German language" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tet-ng%C3%AE" title="Tet-ngî – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Tet-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BB%C5%8Clelo_Kelem%C4%81nia" title="ʻŌlelo Kelemānia – Hawaïaans" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻŌlelo Kelemānia" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaïaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="גרמנית – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גרמנית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जर्मन भाषा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जर्मन भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_bhasa" title="German bhasa – Fijisch Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="German bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fijisch Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Njemački jezik – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Njemački jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%9Bm%C4%8Dina" title="Němčina – Oppersorbisch" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Němčina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Oppersorbisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lang_alman" title="Lang alman – Haïtiaans Creools" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lang alman" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans Creools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9met_nyelv" title="Német nyelv – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Német nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Գերմաներեն – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գերմաներեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A7%D5%B6" title="Գերմաներէն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Գերմաներէն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_german" title="Lingua german – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua german" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaku_Jereman" title="Jaku Jereman – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jaku Jereman" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Jerman" title="Bahasa Jerman – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Jerman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/German" title="German – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="German" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_nga_Aleman" title="Pagsasao nga Aleman – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao nga Aleman" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Немций мотт – Ingoesjetisch" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Немций мотт" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingoesjetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaniana_linguo" title="Germaniana linguo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Germaniana linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%BDska" title="Þýska – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Þýska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_tedesca" title="Lingua tedesca – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua tedesca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%82%A4%E3%83%84%E8%AA%9E" title="ドイツ語 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ドイツ語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joerman" title="Joerman – Jamaicaans Creools" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Joerman" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaicaans Creools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/dotybau" title="dotybau – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="dotybau" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Jerman" title="Basa Jerman – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Jerman" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="გერმანული ენა – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გერმანული ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemis_tili" title="Nemis tili – Karakalpaks" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Nemis tili" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Karakalpaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayt_Talmant" title="Tutlayt Talmant – Kabylisch" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tutlayt Talmant" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabylisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Джэрмэныбзэ – Kabardisch" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Джэрмэныбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caama_k%CA%8An%CA%8A%C5%8B" title="Caama kʊnʊŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Caama kʊnʊŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidoitce" title="Kidoitce – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Kidoitce" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Jerman" title="Bahasa Jerman – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Jerman" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Неміс тілі – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Неміс тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B" title="ភាសាអាល្លឺម៉ង់ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភាសាអាល្លឺម៉ង់" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%86" title="ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಭಾಷೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಭಾಷೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%85%EC%9D%BC%EC%96%B4" title="독일어 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="독일어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Немеч кыв – Komi-Permjaaks" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Немеч кыв" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permjaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Немец тил – Karatsjaj-Balkarisch" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Немец тил" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karatsjaj-Balkarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8E%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%8E%D9%86_%D8%B2%D9%8E%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جَرمَن زَبان – Kasjmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="جَرمَن زَبان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kasjmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCtsche_Sprooch" title="Dütsche Sprooch – Kölsch" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Dütsche Sprooch" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Kölsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_alman%C3%AE" title="Zimanê almanî – Koerdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê almanî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Немеч кыв – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Немеч кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almaynek" title="Almaynek – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Almaynek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Немис тили – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Немис тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Theodisca" title="Lingua Theodisca – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Theodisca" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_almana" title="Lingua almana – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Lingua almana" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A4itsch" title="Däitsch – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Däitsch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Немец маз – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Немец маз" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86_%D1%87%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Немец чӀал – Lezgisch" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Немец чӀал" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutx_(lingua)" title="Deutx (lingua) – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Deutx (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duits" title="Duits – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Duits" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_tedesca" title="Lengua tedesca – Ligurisch" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengua tedesca" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingaz_tud%C3%ABsch" title="Lingaz tudësch – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Lingaz tudësch" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_todesca" title="Lengua todesca – Lombardisch" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua todesca" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lial%C3%A9mani" title="Lialémani – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Lialémani" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A2%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99" title="ພາສາເຢຍລະມັນ – Laotiaans" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພາສາເຢຍລະມັນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Laotiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vokie%C4%8Di%C5%B3_kalba" title="Vokiečių kalba – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vokiečių kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuoc%C4%AB%C5%A1u_vol%C5%ABda" title="Vuocīšu volūda – Letgaals" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Vuocīšu volūda" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Letgaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%81cu_valoda" title="Vācu valoda – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vācu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जर्मन भाषा – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="जर्मन भाषा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Jerman" title="Basa Jerman – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Basa Jerman" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Дойчень кяль – Moksja" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Дойчень кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_alem%C3%A0na" title="Fiteny alemàna – Malagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny alemàna" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%87_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Немыч йылме – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Немыч йылме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_Tiamana" title="Reo Tiamana – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Reo Tiamana" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaso_Jerman" title="Bahaso Jerman – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bahaso Jerman" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Германски јазик – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Германски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="ജർമ്മൻ ഭാഷ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജർമ്മൻ ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Герман хэл – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Герман хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%96%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%9F_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯖꯔꯃꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ – Meitei" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯖꯔꯃꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Meitei" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जर्मन भाषा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जर्मन भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Jerman" title="Bahasa Jerman – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Jerman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingwa_%C4%A0ermani%C5%BCa" title="Lingwa Ġermaniża – Maltees" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Lingwa Ġermaniża" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lh%C3%A9ngua_almana" title="Lhéngua almana – Mirandees" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Lhéngua almana" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ဂျာမန်ဘာသာစကား – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျာမန်ဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Немецень кель – Erzja" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Немецень кель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="آلمانی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="آلمانی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_germanese" title="Lengua germanese – Napolitaans" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Lengua germanese" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Napolitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BC%C3%BCtsche_Spraak" title="Düütsche Spraak – Nedersaksisch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Düütsche Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duuts" title="Duuts – Nederduits" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Duuts" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जर्मनेली भाषा – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जर्मनेली भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जर्मन भाषा – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="जर्मन भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tysk" title="Tysk – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tysk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tysk" title="Tysk – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tysk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanum" title="Germanum – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Germanum" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allemaund" title="Allemaund – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Allemaund" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejeremane" title="Sejeremane – Noord-Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Sejeremane" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Noord-Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9%C3%A9sh_Bich%CA%BCahii_Bizaad" title="Béésh Bichʼahii Bizaad – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Béésh Bichʼahii Bizaad" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemand" title="Alemand – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Alemand" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germuanien_kieli" title="Germuanien kieli – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Germuanien kieli" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Немыцаг æвзаг – Ossetisch" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Немыцаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਜਰਮਨ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜਰਮਨ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salitan_Alemano" title="Salitan Alemano – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Salitan Alemano" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alem%C3%A1n" title="Alemán – Papiaments" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Alemán" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiaments" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemant" title="Alemant – Picardisch" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Alemant" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schtandard-Deitsch" title="Schtandard-Deitsch – Pennsylvania-Duits" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Schtandard-Deitsch" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania-Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Sprache" title="Deutsche Sprache – Paltsisch" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Deutsche Sprache" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Paltsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jirman" title="Jirman – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Jirman" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_niemiecki" title="Język niemiecki – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język niemiecki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_ted%C3%ABsca" title="Lenga tedësca – Piëmontees" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga tedësca" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piëmontees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="جرمن بولی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جرمن بولی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="جرمني ژبه – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="جرمني ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_alem%C3%A3" title="Língua alemã – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua alemã" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliman_simi" title="Aliman simi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Aliman simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_tudestga" title="Lingua tudestga – Reto-Romaans" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Lingua tudestga" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Reto-Romaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jermanikani_chib" title="Jermanikani chib – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Jermanikani chib" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_german%C4%83" title="Limba germană – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba germană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_gherm%C3%A3nesc%C3%A3" title="Limba ghermãnescã – Aroemeens" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Limba ghermãnescã" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aroemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8nga_tedesche" title="Lènga tedesche – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Lènga tedesche" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Немецкий язык – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Немецкий язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%97%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Нїмецькый язык – Roetheens" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Нїмецькый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Roetheens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikidage" title="Ikidage – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ikidage" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जर्मनभाषा – Sanskriet" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जर्मनभाषा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskriet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D0%B8%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%81_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Ньиэмэс тыла – Jakoets" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ньиэмэс тыла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakoets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱡᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱡᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_tedesca" title="Limba tedesca – Sardijns" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba tedesca" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardijns" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_tidesca" title="Lingua tidesca – Siciliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua tidesca" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Siciliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_leid" title="German leid – Schots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="German leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Schots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="جرمن ٻولي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="جرمن ٻولي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duiskkagiella" title="Duiskkagiella – Noord-Samisch" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Duiskkagiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Noord-Samisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Njemački jezik – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Njemački jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayt_Talimant" title="Tutlayt Talimant – Tashelhiyt" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tutlayt Talimant" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tashelhiyt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ජර්මානු භාෂාව – Singalees" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජර්මානු භාෂාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_language" title="German language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="German language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nem%C4%8Dina" title="Nemčina – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nemčina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nem%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Nemščina – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nemščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa%CA%BBa_Siamani" title="Faʻa Siamani – Samoaans" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Faʻa Siamani" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saksakiel%C3%A2" title="Saksakielâ – Inari-Samisch" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Saksakielâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari-Samisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chijerumani" title="Chijerumani – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chijerumani" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_gjermane" title="Gjuha gjermane – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha gjermane" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Немачки језик – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Немачки језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doysritongo" title="Doysritongo – Sranantongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Doysritongo" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranantongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADJalim%C3%A1ne" title="SíJalimáne – Swazi" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="SíJalimáne" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swazi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejeremane" title="Sejeremane – Zuid-Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Sejeremane" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Zuid-Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BC%C3%BCtsk" title="Düütsk – Saterfries" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Düütsk" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterfries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_J%C3%A9rman" title="Basa Jérman – Soendanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Basa Jérman" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Soendanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="aanbevolen artikel"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyska" title="Tyska – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tyska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kijerumani" title="Kijerumani – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kijerumani" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mjymjecko_godka" title="Mjymjecko godka – Silezisch" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Mjymjecko godka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silezisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="இடாய்ச்சு மொழி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இடாய்ச்சு மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%86" title="ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಭಾಷೆ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಭಾಷೆ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7" title="జర్మన్ భాష – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జర్మన్ భాష" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lia-alemaun" title="Lia-alemaun – Tetun" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Lia-alemaun" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D3%A3" title="Забони олмонӣ – Tadzjieks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони олмонӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzjieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="ภาษาเยอรมัน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาเยอรมัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alman_dili" title="Alman dili – Turkmeens" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Alman dili" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Aleman" title="Wikang Aleman – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Aleman" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almani_zyvon" title="Almani zyvon – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Almani zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejeremane" title="Sejeremane – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Sejeremane" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tok_Jeman" title="Tok Jeman – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Tok Jeman" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almanca" title="Almanca – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Almanca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alman_tele" title="Alman tele – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Alman tele" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_Heremani" title="Reo Heremani – Tahitiaans" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Reo Heremani" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Немец дыл – Toevaans" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Немец дыл" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Toevaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Немец кыл – Oedmoerts" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Немец кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Oedmoerts" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%90%D9%85%D9%89%D8%B3_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="نېمىس تىلى – Oeigoers" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="نېمىس تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Oeigoers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Німецька мова – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Німецька мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جرمن زبان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جرمن زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemis_tili" title="Nemis tili – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nemis tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngua_todesca" title="Łéngua todesca – Venetiaans" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua todesca" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saksan_kel%27" title="Saksan kel' – Wepsisch" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Saksan kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Wepsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c" title="Tiếng Đức – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Đức" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duuts" title="Duuts – West-Vlaams" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Duuts" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West-Vlaams" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deut%C3%A4nap%C3%BCk" title="Deutänapük – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Deutänapük" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almand_(lingaedje)" title="Almand (lingaedje) – Waals" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Almand (lingaedje)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Waals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inaleman" title="Inaleman – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Inaleman" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="德语 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="德语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD" title="Немшин келн – Kalmuks" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Немшин келн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmuks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiJamani" title="IsiJamani – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IsiJamani" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="გერმანული ნინა – Mingreels" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გერმანული ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingreels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A9" title="דייטש – Jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="דייטש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_Germany" title="Èdè Germany – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Germany" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vah_Dwzgoz" title="Vah Dwzgoz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Vah Dwzgoz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duuts" title="Duuts – Zeeuws" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Duuts" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%9C_%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8D%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ – Standaard Marokkaanse Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵎⴰⵏⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standaard Marokkaanse Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="德语 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="德语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="德語 – Klassiek Chinees" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="德語" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Klassiek Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tek-g%C3%AD" title="Tek-gí – Minnanyu" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tek-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnanyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87" title="德文 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="德文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiJalimani" title="IsiJalimani – Zoeloe" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IsiJalimani" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zoeloe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q188#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><div id="sjabloon_zie" class="hatnote" style="padding:0.5em; margin-bottom:0.5em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span style="padding-right:0.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Disambig-dark.svg/25px-Disambig-dark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Disambig-dark.svg/38px-Disambig-dark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Disambig-dark.svg/50px-Disambig-dark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="444" data-file-height="340" /></span></span></span> <i>Zie <a href="/wiki/Duits_(doorverwijspagina)" class="mw-disambig" title="Duits (doorverwijspagina)">Duits (doorverwijspagina)</a> voor andere betekenissen van Duits.</i> </div> <table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit; text-align:center; font-size:120%;" colspan="3">Duits<br /><i>Deutsch</i> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Gesproken in </th> <td colspan="2"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Duitsland"><img alt="Vlag van Duitsland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Duitsland_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Duitsland (hoofdbetekenis)">Duitsland</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Austria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Oostenrijk"><img alt="Vlag van Oostenrijk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/20px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Oostenrijk" title="Oostenrijk">Oostenrijk</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Switzerland_(Pantone).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Zwitserland"><img alt="Vlag van Zwitserland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Zwitserland" title="Zwitserland">Zwitserland</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van België"><img alt="Vlag van België" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Belgi%C3%AB_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="België (hoofdbetekenis)">België</a> (<a href="/wiki/Duitstalige_Gemeenschap" title="Duitstalige Gemeenschap">Duitstalige Gemeenschap</a>)</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Luxemburg"><img alt="Vlag van Luxemburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/20px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/30px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/40px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Luxemburg_(land)" title="Luxemburg (land)">Luxemburg</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Liechtenstein"><img alt="Vlag van Liechtenstein" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/20px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/30px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/40px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Frankrijk"><img alt="Vlag van Frankrijk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Frankrijk_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankrijk (hoofdbetekenis)">Frankrijk</a> (<a href="/wiki/Elzas" title="Elzas">Elzas</a> en <a href="/wiki/Moselle_(departement)" title="Moselle (departement)">Moselle</a>)</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Italië"><img alt="Vlag van Italië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/20px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Italië (hoofdbetekenis)">Italië</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zuid-Tirol" title="Zuid-Tirol">Zuid-Tirol</a>)</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Denmark.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Denemarken"><img alt="Vlag van Denemarken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/30px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Denemarken_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Denemarken (hoofdbetekenis)">Denemarken</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zuid-Jutland" title="Zuid-Jutland">Zuid-Jutland</a>)</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Namibia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Namibië"><img alt="Vlag van Namibië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Namibi%C3%AB" title="Namibië">Namibië</a> (door emigranten)</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van de Verenigde Staten"><img alt="Vlag van Verenigde Staten" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Staten_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Verenigde Staten (hoofdbetekenis)">Verenigde Staten</a> (door emigranten)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latijns-Amerika" title="Latijns-Amerika">Latijns-Amerika</a> (door emigranten)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oost-Europa" title="Oost-Europa">Oost-Europa</a> (verspreide gemeenschappen)</li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Sprekers </th> <td colspan="2">ca. 101 mln. moedertaalspreker, ca. 80 mln. vreemde taal </td></tr> <tr> <th>Rang </th> <td colspan="2">10 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Taalfamilie" title="Taalfamilie">Taalfamilie</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Indo-Europese_talen" title="Indo-Europese talen">Indo-Europees</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germaanse_talen" title="Germaanse talen">Germaans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West-Germaanse_talen" title="West-Germaanse talen">West-Germaans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hoogduits" title="Hoogduits">Hoogduits</a> <ul><li><b>Duits</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Dialect" title="Dialect">Dialecten</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hoogalemannisch" title="Hoogalemannisch">Hoogalemannisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noord-Beiers" title="Noord-Beiers">Noord-Beiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midden-Beiers" title="Midden-Beiers">Midden-Beiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuid-Beiers" title="Zuid-Beiers">Zuid-Beiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zwabisch" title="Zwabisch">Zwabisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialecten_van_de_wereld_-_D#Duits" class="mw-redirect" title="Dialecten van de wereld - D">etc.</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Creoolse_talen" title="Creoolse talen">Creoolse talen</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alem%C3%A1n_Coloniero" title="Alemán Coloniero">Alemán Coloniero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania-Duits" title="Pennsylvania-Duits">Pennsylvania-Duits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riograndenser_Hunsr%C3%BCckisch" class="mw-redirect" title="Riograndenser Hunsrückisch">Riograndenser Hunsrückisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas-Duits" title="Texas-Duits">Texas-Duits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiddisch" title="Jiddisch">Jiddisch</a></li> <li>etc.</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Alfabet_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfabet (hoofdbetekenis)">Alfabet</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Latijns_alfabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Latijns alfabet">Latijns</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit;" colspan="3">Officiële status </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Offici%C3%ABle_taal" title="Officiële taal">Officieel in</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><div> <div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van België"><img alt="Vlag van België" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Belgi%C3%AB_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="België (hoofdbetekenis)">België</a> (<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_the_German_Community_in_Belgium.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flag_of_the_German_Community_in_Belgium.svg/25px-Flag_of_the_German_Community_in_Belgium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flag_of_the_German_Community_in_Belgium.svg/38px-Flag_of_the_German_Community_in_Belgium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flag_of_the_German_Community_in_Belgium.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_German_Community_in_Belgium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Duitstalige_Gemeenschap" title="Duitstalige Gemeenschap">Duitstalige Gemeenschap</a>)</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Duitsland"><img alt="Vlag van Duitsland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Duitsland_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Duitsland (hoofdbetekenis)">Duitsland</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Liechtenstein"><img alt="Vlag van Liechtenstein" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/20px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/30px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/40px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Luxemburg"><img alt="Vlag van Luxemburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/20px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/30px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/40px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Luxemburg_(land)" title="Luxemburg (land)">Luxemburg</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Austria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Oostenrijk"><img alt="Vlag van Oostenrijk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/20px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Oostenrijk" title="Oostenrijk">Oostenrijk</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Switzerland_(Pantone).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Zwitserland"><img alt="Vlag van Zwitserland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Zwitserland" title="Zwitserland">Zwitserland</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Europa"><img alt="Vlag van Europa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/20px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/30px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/40px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Europese_Unie" title="Europese Unie">Europese Unie</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Vatican_City_(2023%E2%80%93present).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Heilige Stoel"><img alt="Vlag van Heilige Stoel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Vaticaanstad" title="Vaticaanstad">Vaticaanstad</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zwitserse_Garde" title="Zwitserse Garde">Zwitserse Garde</a>)</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Namibia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Namibië"><img alt="Vlag van Namibië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Namibi%C3%AB" title="Namibië">Namibië</a> (Officieel tot <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a>, nu "nationale taal")</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Erkende minderheidstaal<br />in </th> <td colspan="2"><div> <div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Italië"><img alt="Vlag van Italië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/20px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Italië (hoofdbetekenis)">Italië</a> (<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_South_Tyrol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_South_Tyrol.svg/20px-Flag_of_South_Tyrol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_South_Tyrol.svg/30px-Flag_of_South_Tyrol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_South_Tyrol.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Tyrol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Zuid-Tirol" title="Zuid-Tirol">Zuid-Tirol</a>)</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Denmark.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Denemarken"><img alt="Vlag van Denemarken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/30px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Denemarken_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Denemarken (hoofdbetekenis)">Denemarken</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zuid-Jutland" title="Zuid-Jutland">Zuid-Jutland</a>)</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Brazil.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Brazilië"><img alt="Vlag van Brazilië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/20px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/30px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/40px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Brazili%C3%AB" title="Brazilië">Brazilië</a> (<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Brasao_Antonio_Carlos_SC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Brasao_Antonio_Carlos_SC.jpg/20px-Brasao_Antonio_Carlos_SC.jpg" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Brasao_Antonio_Carlos_SC.jpg/30px-Brasao_Antonio_Carlos_SC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Brasao_Antonio_Carlos_SC.jpg/40px-Brasao_Antonio_Carlos_SC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="299" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B4nio_Carlos_(Santa_Catarina)" title="Antônio Carlos (Santa Catarina)">Antônio Carlos</a> en <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Bandeira-pomerode.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Bandeira-pomerode.PNG/20px-Bandeira-pomerode.PNG" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Bandeira-pomerode.PNG/30px-Bandeira-pomerode.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Bandeira-pomerode.PNG/40px-Bandeira-pomerode.PNG 2x" data-file-width="776" data-file-height="504" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Pomerode" title="Pomerode">Pomerode</a>)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Taalunie" title="Taalunie">Taalorganisatie</a> </th> <td colspan="2">Rat für deutsche Rechtschreibung <i>(Raad voor Duitse spelling)</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit;" colspan="3">Taalcodes </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>-1 </th> <td colspan="2">de </td></tr> <tr> <th>ISO 639-2 </th> <td colspan="2">ger/deu </td></tr> <tr> <th>ISO 639-3 </th> <td colspan="2">deu </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" style="color:inherit;" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Taal" title="Portaal:Taal">Taal</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Legal_status_of_German_in_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Legal_status_of_German_in_Europe.svg/260px-Legal_status_of_German_in_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Legal_status_of_German_in_Europe.svg/390px-Legal_status_of_German_in_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Legal_status_of_German_in_Europe.svg/520px-Legal_status_of_German_in_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="769" data-file-height="552" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>— <i>Het Duitse taalgebied</i> —</b> <br />Verspreiding van het Duits in West- en Midden-Europa</div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Legal_status_of_German_in_the_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Legal_status_of_German_in_the_world.svg/260px-Legal_status_of_German_in_the_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Legal_status_of_German_in_the_world.svg/390px-Legal_status_of_German_in_the_world.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Legal_status_of_German_in_the_world.svg/520px-Legal_status_of_German_in_the_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1326" data-file-height="601" /></a><figcaption>Verspreiding in de wereld</figcaption></figure> <p>Het <b>Duits</b> (<i>Deutsch</i>) is een <a href="/wiki/Taal" title="Taal">taal</a> behorende tot de <a href="/wiki/West-Germaanse_talen" title="West-Germaanse talen">West-Germaanse</a> tak van de <a href="/wiki/Germaanse_talen" title="Germaanse talen">Germaanse talen</a>. Het is de officiële <a href="/wiki/Taal" title="Taal">taal</a> van <a href="/wiki/Duitsland" title="Duitsland">Duitsland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oostenrijk" title="Oostenrijk">Oostenrijk</a> en <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> en een van de officiële talen van <a href="/wiki/Zwitserland" title="Zwitserland">Zwitserland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luxemburg_(land)" title="Luxemburg (land)">Luxemburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgi%C3%AB_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="België (hoofdbetekenis)">België</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oostkantons" title="Oostkantons">Oostkantons</a>) en regionaal in: <a href="/wiki/Denemarken" title="Denemarken">Denemarken</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jutland" title="Jutland">Zuid-Jutland</a>) en <a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB" title="Italië">Italië</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zuid-Tirol" title="Zuid-Tirol">Zuid-Tirol</a>). In onder meer <a href="/wiki/Namibi%C3%AB" title="Namibië">Namibië</a> (een vroegere Duitse <a href="/wiki/Kolonie_(staatkundig)" title="Kolonie (staatkundig)">kolonie</a>), <a href="/wiki/Frankrijk" title="Frankrijk">Frankrijk</a> (<a href="/wiki/Elzas" title="Elzas">Elzas</a> en <a href="/wiki/Moselle_(departement)" title="Moselle (departement)">Moselle</a>) en landen in <a href="/wiki/Midden-Europa" class="mw-redirect" title="Midden-Europa">Midden-Europa</a> en <a href="/wiki/Oost-Europa" title="Oost-Europa">Oost-Europa</a> wordt het ook gesproken, maar daar wordt het Duits niet als officiële taal erkend. </p><p>Met rond de 120 miljoen moedertaalsprekers is het Duits de grootste taal in de <a href="/wiki/Europese_Unie" title="Europese Unie">Europese Unie</a> en na het <a href="/wiki/Russisch" title="Russisch">Russisch</a> de grootste taal in Europa. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschiedenis">Geschiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duits&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geschiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duits&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Geschiedenis"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De geschiedenis van de Duitse standaardtaal kan in vier hoofdfasen (<i>Sprachstufen</i>) worden onderverdeeld: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oudhoogduits" title="Oudhoogduits">Oudhoogduits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middelhoogduits" title="Middelhoogduits">Middelhoogduits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vroegnieuwhoogduits" title="Vroegnieuwhoogduits">Vroegnieuwhoogduits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoogduits" title="Hoogduits">Nieuwhoogduits</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Letters_en_cijfers">Letters en cijfers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duits&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Letters en cijfers" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duits&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Letters en cijfers"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Letters_zonder_accent">Letters zonder accent</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duits&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Letters zonder accent" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duits&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Letters zonder accent"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In onderstaande tabel de letters met de bijbehorende namen. In de laatste kolom staat de naam in IPA. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Hoofdletter </th> <th>Kleine letter </th> <th>Naam </th> <th>naam(<a href="/wiki/Internationaal_Fonetisch_Alfabet" title="Internationaal Fonetisch Alfabet">IPA</a>) </th></tr> <tr> <td>A </td> <td>a </td> <td>ah </td> <td>[a] </td></tr> <tr> <td>B </td> <td>b </td> <td>beh </td> <td>[be] </td></tr> <tr> <td>C </td> <td>c </td> <td>ceh <p>zeh </p> </td> <td>[tse] </td></tr> <tr> <td>D </td> <td>d </td> <td>deh </td> <td>[de] </td></tr> <tr> <td>E </td> <td>e </td> <td>eh </td> <td>[e] </td></tr> <tr> <td>F </td> <td>f </td> <td>ef </td> <td>[ɛf] </td></tr> <tr> <td>G </td> <td>g </td> <td>geh </td> <td>[ɡe] </td></tr> <tr> <td>H </td> <td>h </td> <td>hah </td> <td>[ha] </td></tr> <tr> <td>I </td> <td>i </td> <td>ih </td> <td>[i] </td></tr> <tr> <td>J </td> <td>j </td> <td>jot </td> <td>[jɒt] </td></tr> <tr> <td>K </td> <td>k </td> <td>kah </td> <td>[ka] </td></tr> <tr> <td>L </td> <td>l </td> <td>el </td> <td>[ɛl] </td></tr> <tr> <td>M </td> <td>m </td> <td>em </td> <td>[ɛm] </td></tr> <tr> <td>N </td> <td>n </td> <td>en </td> <td>[ɛn] </td></tr> <tr> <td>O </td> <td>o </td> <td>oh </td> <td>[o] </td></tr> <tr> <td>P </td> <td>p </td> <td>peh </td> <td>[pe] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Q </td> <td>q </td> <td>quh </td> <td>[qu] </td></tr> <tr> <td>R </td> <td>r </td> <td>er </td> <td>[ɛɹ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>S </td> <td>s </td> <td>es </td> <td>[ɛs] </td></tr> <tr> <td>T </td> <td>t </td> <td>teh </td> <td>[te] </td></tr> <tr> <td>U </td> <td>u </td> <td>uh </td> <td>[u] </td></tr> <tr> <td>V </td> <td>v </td> <td>vau </td> <td>[vɑu] </td></tr> <tr> <td>W </td> <td>w </td> <td>weh </td> <td>[ʋe] </td></tr> <tr> <td>X </td> <td>x </td> <td>ix </td> <td>[iks] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Y </td> <td>y </td> <td>ypsilon </td> <td>[ypsilɔn] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Z </td> <td>z </td> <td>zet </td> <td>[tsɛt] </td></tr> <tr> <td>ẞ </td> <td>ß </td> <td>eszet </td> <td>[ɛstsɛt] </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Letters_met_accent">Letters met accent</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duits&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Letters met accent" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duits&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Letters met accent"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Het Duits kent drie letters met een umlaut als accent. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Hoofdletter </th> <th>Kleine letter </th> <th>Uitspraak(NL) </th> <th>Uitspraak(IPA) </th></tr> <tr> <td>Ä </td> <td>ä </td> <td>ee </td> <td>[ɛ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ö </td> <td>ö </td> <td>eu <p>u </p> </td> <td>[ø] <p>[ɤ] </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ü </td> <td>ü </td> <td>uu </td> <td>[y] </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tweeklanken">Tweeklanken</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duits&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Tweeklanken" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duits&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Tweeklanken"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Het Duits kent de volgende tweeklanken </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Hoofdletters </th> <th>Kleine letters </th> <th>Uitspraak(NL) </th> <th>Uitspraak(IPA) </th></tr> <tr> <td>SCH </td> <td>sch </td> <td>sj </td> <td>[ʃ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>CH </td> <td>ch </td> <td>ch </td> <td>[x] </td></tr> <tr> <td>NG </td> <td>ng </td> <td>ng </td> <td>[ŋ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>EI </td> <td>ei </td> <td>ai </td> <td>[ɑɪ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>EU </td> <td>eu </td> <td>oi </td> <td>[ɔɪ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>AU </td> <td>au </td> <td>au <p>ou </p> </td> <td>[ɑu] </td></tr> <tr> <td>OE </td> <td>oe </td> <td>eu </td> <td>[ø] </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cijfers">Cijfers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duits&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Cijfers" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duits&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Cijfers"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Cijfer </th> <th>Naam </th> <th>IPA </th></tr> <tr> <td>0 </td> <td>Null </td> <td>[nul] </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>Eins </td> <td>[ɑɪɴs] </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>Zwei </td> <td>[tsʋɑɪ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>Drei </td> <td>[drɑɪ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>Vier </td> <td>[viɹ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td>Fünf </td> <td>[fyɴf] </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td>Sechs </td> <td>[zæks] </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td>Sieben </td> <td>[zibəɴ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td>Acht </td> <td>[ɑxt] </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td>Neun </td> <td>[nɔɪɴ] </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spelling">Spelling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duits&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Spelling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duits&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Spelling"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spellingherziening_van_augustus_1998">Spellingherziening van augustus 1998</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duits&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Spellingherziening van augustus 1998" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duits&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Spellingherziening van augustus 1998"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Op <a href="/wiki/1_augustus" title="1 augustus">1 augustus</a> <a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a> werd de spelling van het Duits gewijzigd. Deze spelling geldt voor Duitsland, Oostenrijk, Zwitserland en Liechtenstein. Deze <a href="/wiki/Duitse_spellingwijziging_van_1996" title="Duitse spellingwijziging van 1996">spellingshervorming</a> is enigszins controversieel. Toonaangevende kranten als de <a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_Allgemeine_Zeitung" title="Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung">Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung</a> zijn dan ook inmiddels teruggegaan naar de oude spelling van vóór 1998. Ook <a href="/wiki/Nobelprijs" title="Nobelprijs">Nobelprijs</a>-winnares <a href="/wiki/Elfriede_Jelinek" title="Elfriede Jelinek">Elfriede Jelinek</a> maakte kenbaar dat ze tegen de nieuwe spellingshervorming was. </p> <ul><li>De ß wordt alleen nog gebruikt na lange klinkers en tweeklanken. Na de wijziging is het bijvoorbeeld nog steeds <i>Fuß</i> (voet) en <i>Straße</i> (straat), maar <i>Fluß</i> (rivier) en <i><a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluß</a></i> zijn veranderd in <i>Fluss</i> en <i>Anschluss</i>. Meer hierover op de pagina over de <a href="/wiki/%C3%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="ß">ringel-s</a>.</li> <li>Het wegvallen van een derde, zelfde medeklinker in <a href="/wiki/Samenstelling_(taalkunde)" title="Samenstelling (taalkunde)">samenstellingen</a> is geschrapt. Het vroegere <i>Schiffahrt</i> (scheepvaart) is nu <i>Schifffahrt</i> (of <i>Schiff-Fahrt</i>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spellingherziening_van_februari_2006">Spellingherziening van februari 2006</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duits&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Spellingherziening van februari 2006" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duits&action=edit&section=9" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Spellingherziening van februari 2006"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Na grote kritiek kwam er een herziening van de spellingherziening (<i>Reform der Reform</i>), waarin enkele spellingsveranderingen werden teruggedraaid.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zwitserland_en_Liechtenstein">Zwitserland en Liechtenstein</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duits&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zwitserland en Liechtenstein" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duits&action=edit&section=10" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zwitserland en Liechtenstein"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Deze landen volgen de Duitse schrijfwijze voor het Zwitserse hoogduits, met uitzondering van de "ß" die altijd als "ss" geschreven wordt. Het <a href="/wiki/Zwitserduits" title="Zwitserduits">Zwitserduits</a> kent geen officiële spelling. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Schrift">Schrift</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duits&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Schrift" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duits&action=edit&section=11" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Schrift"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vanaf de 16e eeuw werd drukwerk in Duitsland in het algemeen in <a href="/wiki/Fraktur" title="Fraktur">Fraktur</a> uitgevoerd. Aan het einde van de 19e eeuw kwam de in de rest van West-Europa gebruikelijke <a href="/wiki/Antiqua" title="Antiqua">Antiqua</a> in opkomst, aanvankelijk vooral in (Duitstalige) wetenschappelijke literatuur. Vanaf 1941 werd voor overheidsuitgaven en in het onderwijs uitsluitend nog Antiqua gebruikt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammatica">Grammatica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duits&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Grammatica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duits&action=edit&section=12" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Grammatica"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>Zie <a href="/wiki/Duitse_grammatica" title="Duitse grammatica">Duitse grammatica</a> voor een hoofdartikel over dit onderwerp.</i></dd></dl> <p>Het Duits kent vier <a href="/wiki/Naamval" title="Naamval">naamvallen</a>: </p> <ul><li>de <a href="/wiki/Nominatief" title="Nominatief">nominatief</a>: het onderwerp en naamwoordelijk deel van het gezegde.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>de <a href="/wiki/Genitief" title="Genitief">genitief</a>: uitdrukken van de bezitter en aanvulling bij werkwoorden/voorzetsels<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>de <a href="/wiki/Datief" title="Datief">datief</a>: het meewerkend voorwerp en aanvulling bij werkwoorden/(keuze)voorzetsels<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>de <a href="/wiki/Accusatief" title="Accusatief">accusatief</a>: het lijdend voorwerp en aanvulling bij werkwoorden/(keuze)voorzetsels<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Bij de keuzevoorzetsels is de datief voor de plaats en het tijdstip en de accusatief voor de richting. Als het om geen van beide gaat wordt altijd de datief gekozen, behalve bij <i>auf</i> en <i>über</i>. </p><p>Verbuiging van lidwoorden (<i>der</i>- en <i>ein</i>-groep): </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Naamval</th> <th>Mannelijk</th> <th>Vrouwelijk</th> <th>Onzijdig</th> <th>Meervoud </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Nominatief </td> <td>der Wein</td> <td>die Suppe</td> <td>das Brot</td> <td>die Eier </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="yellow">ein Wein</td> <td>eine Suppe</td> <td bgcolor="yellow">ein Brot</td> <td>keine Eier </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Genitief </td> <td>des Weines</td> <td>der Suppe</td> <td>des Brotes</td> <td>der Eier </td></tr> <tr> <td>eines Weines</td> <td>einer Suppe</td> <td>eines Brotes</td> <td>keiner Eier </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Datief </td> <td>dem Wein</td> <td>der Suppe</td> <td>dem Brot</td> <td>den Eiern </td></tr> <tr> <td>einem Wein</td> <td>einer Suppe</td> <td>einem Brot</td> <td>keinen Eiern </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Accusatief </td> <td>den Wein</td> <td>die Suppe</td> <td>das Brot</td> <td>die Eier </td></tr> <tr> <td>einen Wein</td> <td>eine Suppe</td> <td bgcolor="yellow">ein Brot</td> <td>keine Eier </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Het bijvoeglijk naamwoord krijgt dezelfde eindletter als het bepaald lidwoord volgens deze tabel. De uitgang van het bijvoeglijk naamwoord is dan <i>-e</i>, <i>-er</i>, <i>-em</i>, <i>-en</i> of <i>-es</i>. Een uitzondering geldt als er reeds een lidwoord of voornaamwoord met een naamvalsuitgang is, dat zijn in de tabel hierboven de lidwoorden die geen gele achtergrond hebben. In dat uitzonderingsgeval krijgt het bijvoeglijk naamwoord een vereenvoudigde uitgang, en wel als volgt: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Naamval</th> <th>Mannelijk</th> <th>Vrouwelijk</th> <th>Onzijdig</th> <th>Meervoud </th></tr> <tr> <td>Nominatief </td> <td>-e</td> <td>-e</td> <td>-e</td> <td>-en </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genitief </td> <td>-en</td> <td>-en</td> <td>-en</td> <td>-en </td></tr> <tr> <td>Datief </td> <td>-en</td> <td>-en</td> <td>-en</td> <td>-en </td></tr> <tr> <td>Accusatief </td> <td>-en</td> <td>-e</td> <td>-e</td> <td>-en </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Het vervoegen van Duitse werkwoorden gaat op deze manier: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th>Wohnen</th> <th>Uitgang </th></tr> <tr> <td>ich</td> <td>wohne</td> <td>e </td></tr> <tr> <td>du</td> <td>wohnst</td> <td>st </td></tr> <tr> <td>er, es, sie</td> <td>wohnt</td> <td>t </td></tr> <tr> <td>wir</td> <td>wohnen</td> <td>en </td></tr> <tr> <td>ihr</td> <td>wohnt</td> <td>t </td></tr> <tr> <td>sie, Sie</td> <td>wohnen</td> <td>en </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="De_Duitse_dialecten">De Duitse dialecten</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duits&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Bewerk dit kopje: De Duitse dialecten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duits&action=edit&section=13" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: De Duitse dialecten"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Mundarten.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Mundarten.png/260px-Mundarten.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Mundarten.png 1.5x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="380" /></a><figcaption>De subgroepen van het eerste niveau, na de hoofdgroepen Neder-, Middel- en Opperduits.<br /> Het <a href="/wiki/Nederfrankisch" title="Nederfrankisch">Nederfrankisch</a> in Nederland, België en Frankrijk wordt tot het <a href="/wiki/Nederlands" title="Nederlands">Nederlands</a> gerekend</figcaption></figure> <div class="hatnote" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.6em; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Zie ook het artikel <a href="/wiki/Duitse_talen_en_dialecten" class="mw-redirect" title="Duitse talen en dialecten">Duitse talen en dialecten</a></i></div> <p>In het Duitse taalgebied zelf kan men twee grote dialectgroepen onderscheiden. Onder de noemer van het <a href="/wiki/Nederduits" title="Nederduits">Nederduits</a> (ook wel <a href="/wiki/Nedersaksisch" title="Nedersaksisch">Nedersaksisch</a> genoemd) zijn er allerlei streektaalbenamingen in gebruik, al dan niet als synoniem: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noord-Nedersaksisch" title="Noord-Nedersaksisch">Noord-Nedersaksisch</a> (inbegrepen <a href="/wiki/Oost-Fries_Nedersaksisch" title="Oost-Fries Nedersaksisch">Oost-Fries</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Holsteins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holsteins (de pagina bestaat niet)">Holsteins</a>);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westfaals" title="Westfaals">Westfaals</a> en <a href="/wiki/Oostfaals" title="Oostfaals">Oostfaals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mecklenburgs-Voorpommers" title="Mecklenburgs-Voorpommers">Mecklenburgs-Voorpommers</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandenburgs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brandenburgs (de pagina bestaat niet)">Brandenburgs</a>.</li></ul> <p>Vóór 1945 omvatte de Nederduitse dialectgroep ook het <a href="/wiki/Oost-Pommers" title="Oost-Pommers">Oost-Pommers</a> in <a href="/wiki/Achter-Pommeren" title="Achter-Pommeren">Achter-Pommeren</a> en het <a href="/wiki/Nederpruisisch" title="Nederpruisisch">Nederpruisisch</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oost-Pruisen" title="Oost-Pruisen">Oost-Pruisen</a>, naast de in die provincies bestaande Middelduitse dialectgroepen als het <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoogsilezisch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hoogsilezisch (de pagina bestaat niet)">Silezisch</a> en het <a href="/wiki/Hoogpruisisch" title="Hoogpruisisch">Hoogpruisisch</a>. Geografisch liep het Nederduitse taalgebied toen door tot in het huidige <a href="/wiki/Litouwen" title="Litouwen">Litouwen</a>. Al deze streektalen zijn echter, na de <a href="/wiki/Verdrijving_van_Duitsers_na_de_Tweede_Wereldoorlog" title="Verdrijving van Duitsers na de Tweede Wereldoorlog">verdrijving van Duitsers na de Tweede Wereldoorlog</a>, met hun sprekers uit de betreffende gebieden geheel verdwenen. </p><p>De Westmiddelduitse streektaalgroep is ontstaan uit de historische <a href="/wiki/Rijnland_(Duitsland)" title="Rijnland (Duitsland)">Rijnlandse</a> Franconië (<a href="/wiki/Rijnprovincie" title="Rijnprovincie">Rijnprovincie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rijnland-Palts" title="Rijnland-Palts">Palts</a>). <a href="/wiki/Ripuarisch" title="Ripuarisch">Ripuarisch</a>, Moezelfrankisch (waaronder <a href="/wiki/Luxemburgs" title="Luxemburgs">Luxemburgs</a> en Lotharings) en Rijnfrankisch behoren daartoe. Uit de <a href="/wiki/Landgraafschap_Th%C3%BCringen" title="Landgraafschap Thüringen">Thüringen</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Saksische_Oostmark" title="Saksische Oostmark">Oostmark</a> komt de Oostmiddelduitse groep die omvat <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%BCrings" title="Thürings">Thürings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hoogsaksisch" title="Hoogsaksisch">Hoogsaksisch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silezisch-Duits" title="Silezisch-Duits">Silezisch</a> en Sudetenduits. De laatste twee dialectgroepen zijn ter plaatse verdwenen na de verdrijving van de bevolking na 1945. Het Opperduits omvat <a href="/wiki/Oostfrankisch" class="mw-redirect" title="Oostfrankisch">Oost-</a> en <a href="/wiki/Zuid-Frankisch" title="Zuid-Frankisch">Zuid-Frankisch</a> en streektalen die zich ontwikkelden uit het historische Bajuvarisch en nu als <a href="/wiki/Beiers" title="Beiers">Beiers</a> en Oostenrijks aangeduid worden en uit het historische Alemannisch waartoe het tegenwoordige <a href="/wiki/Elzassisch" title="Elzassisch">Elzassisch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zwabisch" title="Zwabisch">Zwabisch</a> (in Baden-Württemberg) en <a href="/wiki/Zwitserduits" title="Zwitserduits">Zwitser-Duits</a> worden gerekend. Het grote verschil tussen de grote dialectgebieden is de al dan niet doorgevoerde tweede of <a href="/wiki/Tweede_Germaanse_klankverschuiving" title="Tweede Germaanse klankverschuiving">Hoogduitse klankverschuiving</a>. Zo zal men in het Nederduits eerder <i>Pund</i>, <i>Water</i> en <i>ik</i> zeggen, terwijl Hoogduitse dialectsprekers eerder <i>Pfund</i>, <i>Wasser</i> en <i>ich</i> zullen zeggen. </p><p>Met name omdat meer dan 12 miljoen Duitsers uit Midden-Europese staten en uit door Polen geannexeerde Duitse provincies zich na 1945 in het huidige Duitsland moesten vestigen, werd de communicatieve functie van het Hoogduits als algemeen verstaanbare taal in de naoorlogse tijd dwingend en zakte die van de streektalen weg. Dat was vooral in het noorden het geval maar in Beieren is het gebruik van de streektaal nog wel algemeen gebleven. In het noorden van Duitsland spreekt nog slechts een kleine en afnemende minderheid de Nederduitse streektalen. Buiten Duitsland is in <a href="/wiki/Elzas-Lotharingen" title="Elzas-Lotharingen">Elzas-Lotharingen</a> het gebruik van de streektalen ook marginaal geworden en lijkt het te gaan verdwijnen. In <a href="/wiki/Luxemburg_(land)" title="Luxemburg (land)">Luxemburg</a> is de streektaal tot officiële taal gepromoveerd en geldt zij als algemene dagelijkse omgangstaal, hoewel vooral in de hoofdstad de concurrentie van het Frans aanzienlijk is. In Duitstalig Zwitserland zijn de varianten van het Zwitserduits de algemene omgangstalen en wordt het Hoogduits voornamelijk in schrijftaalfuncties gebruikt. In de Midden-Europese landen, zoals Polen, Hongarije en Roemenië, zijn nog restanten van de ooit talrijke Duitstalige minderheden overgebleven. Telden deze voor 1945 vier miljoen sprekers van het Duits, nu zijn dat er nog enkele tienduizenden. </p><p>Sinds het begin van de 19de eeuw heeft Duitse filologie en taalkunde de streektalen zeer uitgebreid beschreven en gedocumenteerd. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Duits_en_continentaal_West-Germaans">Duits en continentaal West-Germaans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duits&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Duits en continentaal West-Germaans" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duits&action=edit&section=14" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Duits en continentaal West-Germaans"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In de oudere taalwetenschappelijke literatuur wordt het begrip <i>Duits</i> soms als ouderwets <a href="/wiki/Synoniem_(taalkunde)" title="Synoniem (taalkunde)">synoniem</a> voor het huidige begrip <i>continentaal West-Germaans</i> gebruikt. Beide begrippen bedoelen het huidige Duits, <a href="/wiki/Nederduits" title="Nederduits">Nederduits</a>/-<a href="/wiki/Nedersaksisch" title="Nedersaksisch">saksisch</a> en Nederlands en plaatsen die alle drie naast het <a href="/wiki/Ingveoonse_talen" class="mw-redirect" title="Ingveoonse talen">Ingveoons</a> (ofwel Noordzee-Germaans) waaronder dan het <a href="/wiki/Engels" title="Engels">Engels</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Friese_talen" title="Friese talen">Friese talen</a> vallen. </p><p>Dit berust op het uitgangspunt dat een oorspronkelijke <a href="/wiki/Germaanse_talen" title="Germaanse talen">West-Germaanse taal</a> bestond, die zich in de 3de en 4de eeuw van de jaartelling deelde in het zogenaamde <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Fries" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Fries">Anglo-Fries</a> (vermeende voorloper van <a href="/wiki/Oudengels" title="Oudengels">Oudengels</a> en <a href="/wiki/Oudfries" title="Oudfries">Oudfries</a>) en het "Oud-Duits", de veronderstelde voorloper van <a href="/wiki/Oudhoogduits" title="Oudhoogduits">Oudhoogduits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oudsaksisch" title="Oudsaksisch">Oudsaksisch</a> en <a href="/wiki/Oudnederlands" title="Oudnederlands">Oudnederlands</a>, een indeling die in 1898 voor het eerst gemaakt werd door de taalwetenschapper Karl Müllenhoff. Pas in 1943 stelde Friedrich Maurer een ander (en nauwkeuriger) model voor.<sup id="cite_ref-hutterer_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hutterer-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tegenwoordig beschouwt men de indeling in Anglo-Fries en "Duits" als te eenvoudig en als onvoldoende.<sup id="cite_ref-schönfeld_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schönfeld-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bach_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bach-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Periferie_van_het_Duits">Periferie van het Duits</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duits&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Periferie van het Duits" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duits&action=edit&section=15" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Periferie van het Duits"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:German_dialectal_map.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/German_dialectal_map.PNG/300px-German_dialectal_map.PNG" decoding="async" width="300" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/German_dialectal_map.PNG/450px-German_dialectal_map.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/German_dialectal_map.PNG/600px-German_dialectal_map.PNG 2x" data-file-width="629" data-file-height="651" /></a><figcaption>Het <b>Standaardduits</b> is gebaseerd op het <a href="/wiki/Hoogduits" title="Hoogduits">Hoogduits</a> (groen) en onderscheidt zich van het <a href="/wiki/Middelduits" title="Middelduits">Middelduits</a> (turkoois) en het <a href="/wiki/Nederduits" title="Nederduits">Nederduits</a> (geel). De zwarte lijnen geven de belangrijkste <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isoglossen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isoglossen (de pagina bestaat niet)">isoglossen</a> weer, de <a href="/wiki/Benrather_linie" title="Benrather linie">Benrather linie</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Spierse_linie" title="Spierse linie">Spierse linie</a>. <br />In lichtere tinten zijn de corresponderende Franse gebieden aangegeven die behoren tot de <i>Westelijke Periferie van het Duits</i></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Verbreitungsgebiet_der_deutschen_Sprache_2010.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Verbreitungsgebiet_der_deutschen_Sprache_2010.png/300px-Verbreitungsgebiet_der_deutschen_Sprache_2010.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Verbreitungsgebiet_der_deutschen_Sprache_2010.png/450px-Verbreitungsgebiet_der_deutschen_Sprache_2010.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Verbreitungsgebiet_der_deutschen_Sprache_2010.png/600px-Verbreitungsgebiet_der_deutschen_Sprache_2010.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="650" /></a><figcaption>Verspreiding van het Duits<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: stamgebied en periferie binnen Europa, 2010</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Historical_German_linguistical_area.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Historical_German_linguistical_area.PNG/300px-Historical_German_linguistical_area.PNG" decoding="async" width="300" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Historical_German_linguistical_area.PNG/450px-Historical_German_linguistical_area.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Historical_German_linguistical_area.PNG/600px-Historical_German_linguistical_area.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1031" data-file-height="651" /></a><figcaption>Duitse bevolking en Duits<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> taalgebied in Centraal-Europa tot ca. 1945. (Staatsgrenzen zoals op <a href="/wiki/1_januari" title="1 januari">1 januari</a> <a href="/wiki/1931" title="1931">1931</a>.)</figcaption></figure> <p>Onder de verzamelterm 'Periferie van het Duits' en als concept analoog aan een soortgelijk begrip voor het <a href="/wiki/Nederlands" title="Nederlands">Nederlands</a>, volgt hier een overzicht van taalvariëteiten of derivaten van het Duits die geografisch, sociolinguïstisch en/of typologisch op een grotere afstand van het 'stamgebied' en/of het Standaardduits staan dan andere, meer reguliere variëteiten van het Duits. Perifere variëteiten ontstaan uit het contact met en de invloed van een of meer exogene, niet-Duitse talen of dialecten. Zij kunnen zowel dialecten, regiolecten, contacttalen, mengtalen als sociolecten of groepstalen betreffen. In de meeste gevallen zijn dit variëteiten die in het verdere verleden in de periferie van het Duitse taalgebied zijn ontstaan. De kans op het ontstaan van moderne perifere variëteiten is gering, maar nog altijd aanwezig. Er moet worden onderscheiden in variëteiten ontstaan bij een perifeer-interne en bij een perifeer-externe omgeving. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Binnen_Europa">Binnen Europa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duits&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Binnen Europa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duits&action=edit&section=16" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Binnen Europa"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tot de westelijke (perifeer-interne) periferie van het Duits behoren oostelijke en noordoostelijke (Nederduitse ofwel Nedersaksische) variëteiten van het Nederlands, zuidoostelijke (Nederfrankische) variëteiten van het Nederlands (<a href="/wiki/Limburgs" title="Limburgs">Limburgs</a>), het <a href="/wiki/Luxemburgs" title="Luxemburgs">Luxemburgs</a>, het Lotharings-Frankisch en het Elzassisch. Tot de zuidelijke (perifeer-interne) periferie behoren Zwitsers-Duitse dialecten, Oostenrijkse variëteiten in <a href="/wiki/Karinthi%C3%AB_(gebied)" title="Karinthië (gebied)">Karinthië</a> en het Zuid-Tirools in de Italiaanse provincie <a href="/wiki/Zuid-Tirol" title="Zuid-Tirol">Zuid-Tirol</a>. Een kleine Duitstalige minderheid in enkele dorpen binnen de Italiaanse provincie <a href="/wiki/Trentino" class="mw-redirect" title="Trentino">Trentino</a> wordt <a href="/wiki/Zimbern" title="Zimbern">Zimbern</a> genoemd. </p><p>In landen van het voormalige Oostblok wordt ook door restanten van de voor 1945 aanwezige miljoenen Duitstaligen hier en daar nog Duits gesproken, maar zonder officiële erkenning. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buiten_Europa">Buiten Europa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duits&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Buiten Europa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duits&action=edit&section=17" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Buiten Europa"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In het Aziatische deel van de voormalige <a href="/wiki/Sovjet-Unie" title="Sovjet-Unie">Sovjet-Unie</a> was Duits nog de moedertaal van ongeveer twee miljoen inwoners, afstammelingen van de Zwarte Zee- en de <a href="/wiki/Wolga-Duitsers" title="Wolga-Duitsers">Wolga-Duitsers</a> (<i>Wolgadeutsche</i>) die in de 18e eeuw op uitnodiging van de tsaren naar Rusland trokken om nieuw veroverde maar weinig bewoonde streken te koloniseren. Deze <a href="/wiki/Rusland-Duitsers" title="Rusland-Duitsers">Rusland-Duitsers</a> stonden bekend onder verschillende naar regio's verwijzende namen: Zwarte Zee of Oekraïne-Duitsers, Krim-Duitsers, Kaukasus-Duitsers, Bessarabië-Duitsers en als bekendste de Wolga-Duitsers. Tussen 1939 en 1944 werden zij collectief van collaboratie beschuldigd en uitgewezen naar Siberië, vooral de oostelijke sovjetrepublieken. Na 1945 kregen de <a href="/wiki/Mennonieten" title="Mennonieten">Mennonieten</a> onder deze 'Duitsers' de gelegenheid om naar Amerika te emigreren. Na 1990 waren de overigen vrij om het land te verlaten en zijn de meesten van de 'Russlanddeutsche' naar Duitsland geëmigreerd. </p><p>Ook in <a href="/wiki/Noord-Amerika" title="Noord-Amerika">Noord-Amerika</a> (<a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Staten" title="Verenigde Staten">Verenigde Staten</a>) wonen nog ongeveer twee miljoen mensen die het Duits als moedertaal hebben, zij staan bekend als de <a href="/wiki/Duitse_Amerikanen" title="Duitse Amerikanen">Duitse Amerikanen</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Zuid-Amerika" title="Zuid-Amerika">Zuid-Amerika</a> zijn ook Duitstalige minderheden te vinden, vooral in <a href="/wiki/Argentini%C3%AB" title="Argentinië">Argentinië</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazili%C3%AB" title="Brazilië">Brazilië</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chili" title="Chili">Chili</a> en <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a>. Zij bestaan uit <a href="/wiki/Mennonieten" title="Mennonieten">Mennonieten</a> in Paraguay, nakomelingen van 19de-eeuwse boerenimmigranten in deelstaten als Rio Grande, en als kleine maar bijzondere groep de na 1945 gevluchte <a href="/wiki/Nationaalsocialisten" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationaalsocialisten">nationaalsocialisten</a>. </p><p><br /> In Afrika wordt Duits gesproken in Namibië (een vroegere Duitse kolonie). In Australië wordt nog door ten minste 200.000 mensen Duits gesproken, terwijl er twee miljoen Duitse afstammelingen leven (voornamelijk rond <a href="/wiki/Adelaide_(Australi%C3%AB)" title="Adelaide (Australië)">Adelaide</a>). Ook in Noord-Amerika (Canada en de VS) wonen nog zo'n twee miljoen mensen die als moedertaal het Duits hebben, vooral in <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a> en <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a>. Daarnaast bestaat het zogeheten <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania-Duits" title="Pennsylvania-Duits">Pennsylvania Dutch</a> (eigenlijk <i>Pennsylvaniadeitsch</i>), dat geen derivaat is van het Nederlands, maar van Paltzische dialecten afstamt en voorts variëteiten als <a href="/wiki/Texas-Duits" title="Texas-Duits"><i>Texasdeutsch</i></a>. Meestal worden deze varianten door religieuze gemeenschappen als de amish, de mennonieten en de hernhutters <a href="/wiki/Hutterisch" title="Hutterisch">Hutterisch</a> gesproken als hun eerste taal. In Zuid-Amerika ten slotte is er ook een minderheid aan Duitstaligen, vooral woonachtig in <a href="/wiki/Brazili%C3%AB" title="Brazilië">Brazilië</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chili" title="Chili">Chili</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argentini%C3%AB" title="Argentinië">Argentinië</a> en <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Op_het_Duits_gebaseerde_creoolse_talen">Op het Duits gebaseerde <a href="/wiki/Creoolse_talen" title="Creoolse talen">creoolse talen</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duits&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Op het Duits gebaseerde creoolse talen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duits&action=edit&section=18" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Op het Duits gebaseerde creoolse talen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.6em; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Zie <a href="/wiki/Creoolse_talen" title="Creoolse talen">Creoolse talen</a> voor het hoofdartikel over dit onderwerp.</i></div> <p>In het spoor van de Duitse koloniale expansie ontstond in het huidige <a href="/wiki/East_New_Britain" title="East New Britain">East New Britain</a> in de <a href="/wiki/Grote_Oceaan" title="Grote Oceaan">Grote Oceaan</a> het zogeheten <i><a href="/wiki/Unserdeutsch" title="Unserdeutsch">Unserdeutsch</a></i>; in Namibië ontstond daarnaast nog het <a href="/wiki/Kombuis-Duits" title="Kombuis-Duits">Kombuis-Duits</a> (<i>Küchendeutsch</i>). Dit zijn de twee enige op het Duits gebaseerde creooltalen. Het Unserdeutsch is inmiddels echter bijna uitgestorven, omdat de meeste sprekers weggetrokken zijn. Het Kombuis-Duits kent nog ongeveer 15.000 – voornamelijk oudere – sprekers. </p><p>Verder zijn er in <a href="/wiki/Papoea-Nieuw-Guinea" title="Papoea-Nieuw-Guinea">Papoea-Nieuw-Guinea</a> omstreeks 150 woorden van Duitse herkomst behouden in de taal <a href="/wiki/Tok_Pisin" title="Tok Pisin">Tok Pisin</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overige_mengtalen_en_invloeden_op_niet-Duitse_dialecten">Overige mengtalen en invloeden op niet-Duitse dialecten</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duits&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Overige mengtalen en invloeden op niet-Duitse dialecten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duits&action=edit&section=19" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Overige mengtalen en invloeden op niet-Duitse dialecten"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Als mengtaal uit Hoogduits en Nederduits was in de 16de eeuw het <a href="/w/index.php?title=Missingsch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Missingsch (de pagina bestaat niet)">Missingsch</a> in gebruik, voornamelijk in geschreven vorm, en tot heden werd het vaak gesproken in Hamburg. Het <a href="/wiki/Petuh" title="Petuh">Petuh</a> was een betekenis vooral in <a href="/wiki/Flensburg" title="Flensburg">Flensburg</a> voor een mengtaal van Hoogduits met Deense/Zuid-Jutlandse en Nederduitse elementen, die echter misschien niet als moedertaal bestond, maar ook kan worden beschouwd als een poging om Hoogduits te spreken van mensen met Deens en Nederduits achtergrond. <a href="/wiki/Zuid-Jutlands" title="Zuid-Jutlands">Zuid-Jutlands</a> is geen mengtaal, maar een <a href="/wiki/Juts" class="mw-redirect" title="Juts">Juts</a> (Deens) dialect met veel leenwoorden uit het Duits en Nederduits en enige Nederduitse invloed op de uitspraak; dat is bijzonder het geval in de variant van Zuid-Juts dat ten zuiden van de Deens-Duitse grens wordt gesproken. <a href="/wiki/Jiddisch" title="Jiddisch">Jiddisch</a> wordt in oorsprong als een Duitse taal beschouwd omdat het zich baseert op het <a href="/wiki/Rijnlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Rijnlands">Rijnlands</a>, maar veel ontleningen uit het Hebreeuws en de Slavische talen hebben het een eigen karakter gegeven en vóór 1945 was het ook als literatuurtaal in Midden en Oost-Europa in gebruik. Het Waterpools (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wasserpolnisch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wasserpolnisch (de pagina bestaat niet)">Wasserpolnisch</a></i>), gesproken in <a href="/wiki/Opper-Silezi%C3%AB" title="Opper-Silezië">Opper-Silezië</a> kent veel ontleningen aan het Duits, maar wordt als een Pools dialect beschouwd. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rotwelsch">Rotwelsch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duits&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Rotwelsch" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duits&action=edit&section=20" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Rotwelsch"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Rotwelsch</i> of Zigeunertaal is een mengelmoes van Jiddisch, Duits en <a href="/wiki/Romani" title="Romani">Romani</a>. Het is een verzamelbegrip voor geheimtalen of sociolecten van sociale randgroepen op basis van het Duits. Sedert de 13e eeuw kwamen deze in gebruik bij bedelaars, zwervers, trekkers (vaganten) en beoefenaars van zogeheten oneerbare beroepen. Waar deze groepen zich blijvend vestigden kregen de taal ook het karakter van regiolect. Veel Rotwelsche woorden zijn thans in de algemene omgangstaal opgenomen. De enigen die tegenwoordig nog Rotwelsch ofwel <a href="/wiki/Jenisch" title="Jenisch">Jenisch</a> spreken, zijn de <a href="/wiki/Jenischen" title="Jenischen">Jenische</a> woonwagenbewoners in Zwitserland, de Elzas en <a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cognaten_en_valse_vrienden_ten_opzichte_van_het_Nederlands">Cognaten en valse vrienden ten opzichte van het Nederlands</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duits&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Cognaten en valse vrienden ten opzichte van het Nederlands" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duits&action=edit&section=21" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Cognaten en valse vrienden ten opzichte van het Nederlands"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De <a href="/wiki/Woordenschat" title="Woordenschat">woordenschat</a> van het <a href="/wiki/Nederlands" title="Nederlands">Nederlands</a> vertoont sterke gelijkenissen met die van het Nederduits en Hoogduits. Het Nederlands en het Duits zijn zeer nauw <a href="/wiki/Taalfamilie" title="Taalfamilie">verwante talen</a> en kennen dus zeer veel <a href="/wiki/Cognaat_(taalkunde)" title="Cognaat (taalkunde)">cognaten</a>. De meeste Nederlandse woorden lijken hierdoor zowel qua vorm als <a href="/wiki/Betekenis" title="Betekenis">betekenis</a> sterk op hun Duitse <a href="/wiki/Vertaalequivalent" title="Vertaalequivalent">vertaalequivalent</a>. Ook zijn het Nederlands en het Duits tot op zekere hoogte <a href="/wiki/Wederzijdse_verstaanbaarheid" title="Wederzijdse verstaanbaarheid">wederzijds verstaanbaar</a>. </p><p>Toch is het voor Nederlandstaligen vaak juist hierdoor weer moeilijk om het Duits echt goed te verstaan en te spreken (en natuurlijk vice versa), aangezien veel <a href="/wiki/Etymologie" title="Etymologie">etymologisch</a> verwante woorden nét iets anders betekenen. Men moet bij zowel het verstaan als het spreken van Duits erg bedacht zijn op <a href="/wiki/Valse_vrienden" title="Valse vrienden">valse vrienden</a>, enkele voorbeelden: <i>See</i> ‘meer’, <i>Meer</i> ‘zee’, <i>Winkel</i> ‘hoek’, <i>einladen</i> ‘uitnodigen’, <i>bellen</i> ‘blaffen’, <i>dürfen</i> ‘mogen’, <i>brauchen</i> ‘behoeven, benodigen’, <i>werden</i> ‘worden, zullen’, <i>einstellen</i> ‘opheffen’, <i>machen</i> ‘doen’ en <i>schlimm</i> ‘erg’. </p><p>De Nederlandse en de Duitse standaardtalen (resp. het Standaardnederlands en het <i>Hochdeutsch</i>) zijn in de desbetreffende staatsgebieden vooral sinds de 20e eeuw algemene omgangstalen geworden. Daarvoor waren deze talen exclusief uitdrukkingsmiddel van de 'beschaafde standen' en werden er algemeen streektalen gesproken met een onderling zeer grote variatie. De streektalen in Noord-Duitsland wijken sterk af van die elders en vertonen, meer dan met het Hoogduits, overeenkomst met het Nederlands, vormen zelfs een geheel met noordoostelijke Nederlandse streektalen. Zij worden ietwat verwarrend en onvolledig aangeduid als <a href="/wiki/Nederduits" title="Nederduits">Nederduits</a> (<i>Niederdeutsch</i>), <a href="/wiki/Nedersaksisch" title="Nedersaksisch">Nedersaksisch</a> (<i>Niedersachsisch</i>) en <a href="/wiki/Platduits" class="mw-redirect" title="Platduits">Platduits</a> (<i>Plattdeutsch</i>). Voor de zuidoostelijke Nederlandse streektalen geldt dat zij een geheel vormen met de streektalen van het Duitse <a href="/wiki/Nederrijn" title="Nederrijn">Nederrijngebied</a> tot de lijn Aken-Keulen. Duits-Nederlandse taalgrenzen waren daarom voor de dagelijkse omgangstaal tot in de moderne tijd niet te trekken. Maar nu een toenemende meerderheid van de bevolking geen streektaal meer spreekt en op de standaardtaal is overgestapt, is de staatsgrens niet langer alleen formeel maar ook feitelijk als een taalgrens gaan fungeren. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duits&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duits&action=edit&section=22" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standaard_Duits" title="Standaard Duits">Standaard Duits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duits_in_Nederland" title="Duits in Nederland">Duits in Nederland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duits_braille" title="Duits braille">Duits braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duits_taalpurisme" title="Duits taalpurisme">Duits taalpurisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanisme" title="Germanisme">Germanisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platdiets" title="Platdiets">Platdiets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plautdietsch" title="Plautdietsch">Plautdietsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wereldduits" title="Wereldduits">Wereldduits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuidoost-Limburgs" title="Zuidoost-Limburgs">Zuidoost-Limburgs</a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Nederlands">(<span>nl</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.duits.de/">www.duits.de</a>, een omvangrijke website over Duitse taal, cultuur en geschiedenis.</li> <li>Th. Frings: Grundlegung einer Geschichte der deutschen Sprache, Halle 1948.</li> <li>W. Foerste: Geschichte der niederdeutschen Mundarten. In Deutsche Philologie im Aufriss (red. W. Stammler) 1957.</li> <li>H. Kloss, Die Entwicklung neuer germanischer Kultursprachen seit 1800, München 1978.</li> <li>W. Sanders: Sachsensprache, Hansesprache, Plattdeutsch. Sprachgeschichtliche Grundzüge des Niederdeutschen. Göttingen 1982.</li> <li>W. Besch: Die Entstehung der deutschen Schriftsprache, Opladen 1987.</li></ul> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rechtschreibrat.com/">rechtschreibrat.com</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230621235516/https://www.rechtschreibrat.com/">Gearchiveerd</a> op 21 juni 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a class="external text" href="https://nl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Duits/Grammatica/Der_Nominativ">Duits/Grammatica/Der Nomativ</a>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2023-07-31">31 juli 2023</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a class="external text" href="https://nl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Duits/Grammatica/Der_Genitiv">Duits/Grammatica/Der Genitiv</a>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2023-07-31">31 juli 2023</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a class="external text" href="https://nl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Duits/Grammatica/Der_Dativ">Duits/Grammatica/Der Dativ</a>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2023-07-31">31 juli 2023</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a class="external text" href="https://nl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Duits/Grammatica/Der_Akkusativ">Duits/Grammatica/Der Akkusativ</a>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2023-07-31">31 juli 2023</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hutterer-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-hutterer_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Claus Jürgen Hutterer, <i>Die germanischen Sprachen: ihre Geschichte in Grundzügen</i>, 2e dr., Wiesbaden: Drei Lilien, 1987, <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/3-922383-52-1" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/3-922383-52-1">ISBN 3-922383-52-1</a></span>; p. 69-70</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-schönfeld-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-schönfeld_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Adolphe van Loey, <i>Schönfelds historische grammatica van het Nederlands</i>, 8e dr., Zutphen: Thieme, 1970; p. XXV = hoofdstuk IV</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bach-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-bach_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Adolf Bach, <i>Geschichte der deutschen Sprache</i>, 9e dr., Heidelberg: Quelle & Meyer, 1970; §50, p. 88-89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Inclusief <a href="/wiki/Nedersaksisch" title="Nedersaksisch">Nederduits</a> taalgebied buiten Nederland.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output 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.rechts{padding-left:0.5em}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;width:100%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:unset}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding:unset}}</style><table class="navigatie-tabel vatop" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style=""><tbody><tr><td class="links" style=""><b><a href="/wiki/Noord-Germaanse_talen" title="Noord-Germaanse talen">Noord-Germaanse talen</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Deens" title="Deens">Deens</a> · <a href="/wiki/Faer%C3%B6ers" title="Faeröers">Faeröers</a> · <a href="/wiki/IJslands" title="IJslands">IJslands</a> · <a href="/wiki/Noors" title="Noors">Noors</a> · <a href="/wiki/Norn_(taal)" title="Norn (taal)">Norn</a>* · <a href="/wiki/Zweeds" title="Zweeds">Zweeds</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/West-Germaanse_talen" title="West-Germaanse talen">West-Germaanse talen</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Duits</a> · <a href="/wiki/Engels_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Engels (hoofdbetekenis)">Engels</a> · <a href="/wiki/Friese_talen" title="Friese talen">Fries</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jiddisch" title="Jiddisch">Jiddisch</a> · <a href="/wiki/Limburgs" title="Limburgs">Limburgs</a> · <a href="/wiki/Luxemburgs" title="Luxemburgs">Luxemburgs</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nederduits" title="Nederduits">Nederduits</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nederlands" title="Nederlands">Nederlands</a> · <a href="/wiki/Schots_(taal)" title="Schots (taal)">Schots</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wymysoojs" title="Wymysoojs">Wymysoojs</a>**</td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Oost-Germaanse_talen" title="Oost-Germaanse talen">Oost-Germaanse talen</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Bourgondisch_(taal)" title="Bourgondisch (taal)">Bourgondisch</a>* · <a href="/wiki/Gotisch_(taal)" title="Gotisch (taal)">Gotisch</a>* · <a href="/wiki/Vandaals" title="Vandaals">Vandaals</a>* · <a href="/wiki/Krim-Gotisch" title="Krim-Gotisch">Krim-Gotisch</a>*</td></tr><tr><td class="links"></td><td class="rechts">* Reeds uitgestorven           ** Met uitsterven bedreigd</td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67837862"> <div class="navigatie" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Talen_in_Italië"> <div class="navigatie-afb-links noviewer"><div class="navigatie-bewerken show-autoconfirmed nomobile"><span class="nowrap skin-invert-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Navigatie_talen_in_Itali%C3%AB" title="Sjabloon:Navigatie talen in Italië"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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/></span></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Navigatie_talen_in_Itali%C3%AB&action=edit" title="Sjabloon bewerken"><img alt="Sjabloon bewerken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="Talen_in_Italië" class="navigatie-titel">Talen in <a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB" title="Italië">Italië</a></div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud"> <p><b>Talen:</b> <a href="/wiki/Algherees" title="Algherees">Algherees</a> · <a href="/wiki/Albanees" title="Albanees">Arbëresh</a> · <a href="/wiki/Francoproven%C3%A7aals" title="Francoprovençaals">Arpitaans</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Duits</a> · <a href="/wiki/Emiliaans" title="Emiliaans">Emiliaans</a> · <a href="/wiki/Frans_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frans (hoofdbetekenis)">Frans</a> · <a href="/wiki/Friulisch" title="Friulisch">Friulisch</a> · <a href="/wiki/Corsicaans" title="Corsicaans">Gallurese</a> · <a href="/wiki/Griko" title="Griko">Griko</a> · <a href="/wiki/Italiaans_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Italiaans (hoofdbetekenis)">Italiaans</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ladinisch" title="Ladinisch">Ladinisch</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ligurisch_(Romaanse_taal)" title="Ligurisch (Romaanse taal)">Ligurisch</a> · <a href="/wiki/Napolitaans" title="Napolitaans">Napolitaans</a> · <a href="/wiki/Servo-Kroatisch" title="Servo-Kroatisch">Ouddalmatisch</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pi%C3%ABmontees" title="Piëmontees">Piëmontees</a> · <a href="/wiki/Romagnools" title="Romagnools">Romagnools</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sardijns" title="Sardijns">Sardijns</a> · <a href="/wiki/Siciliaans_(taal)" title="Siciliaans (taal)">Siciliaans</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sloveens" title="Sloveens">Sloveens</a> · <a href="/wiki/Valdostaans" title="Valdostaans">Valdostaans</a> · <a href="/wiki/Venetiaans" title="Venetiaans">Venetiaans</a> </p> </div></div> <div class="interProject wiktionary mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/Duits" class="extiw" title="wikt:Duits">WikiWoordenboek</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Wiktionary-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/25px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/38px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/50px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></div> <div>Zoek <i><b><a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/Duits" class="extiw" title="wikt:Duits">Duits</a></b></i> op in het <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary" title="Wiktionary">WikiWoordenboek</a>.</div> </div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/25px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/38px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/50px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></a></span></div> <div>Zie de <i><b><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="de:">Duitse uitgave</a></b></i> van <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>.</div> </div> <div class="interProject wikibooks mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://nl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Duits" class="extiw" title="b:Duits">Wikibooks</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Wikibooks-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/25px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/38px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/50px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks" title="Wikibooks">Wikibooks</a> heeft meer over dit onderwerp: <i><b><a href="https://nl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Duits" class="extiw" title="b:Duits">Duits</a></b></i>.</div> </div> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:German_language#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:German language">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div>Zie de categorie <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:German_language#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:German language">German language</a></b></i> van <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp.</div> </div>  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