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</header> <div class="logo grid-three"> <img itemprop="logo" src="https://images.theconversation.com/institutions/1343/logos/logo-1453068335.png?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=170&h=170" /> </div> <div class="description grid-nine"> <p>The mission of The University of Texas at Austin is to achieve excellence in the interrelated areas of undergraduate education, graduate education, research and public service. The university provides superior and comprehensive educational opportunities at the baccalaureate through doctoral and special professional educational levels.</p> <p>The university contributes to the advancement of society through research, creative activity, scholarly inquiry and the development of new knowledge. The university preserves and promotes the arts, benefits the state’s economy, serves the citizens through public programs and provides other public service.</p> </div> <section class="grid-four grid-last"> <h4 class="legacy">Links</h4> <ul class="article-list"> <li class="article"> <a itemprop="url" href="http://www.utexas.edu/">Visit utexas.edu/</a> </li> <li class="article"> <a href="/become-an-author">Are you an expert from this institution? Register to write</a> </li> <li class="feed"> <a href="/institutions/the-university-of-texas-at-austin-1343/articles.atom"> <i class="icon-rss"></i> Article Feed </a> </li> </ul> </section> </section> <nav id="tabbed-navigation" class="tabbed tabbed-section-navigation"> <a class="tab active" href="#articles">Articles</a> <a class="tab" href="#contributors">Authors</a> </nav> <div class="institution-page sm-display-articles"> <div class="grid-ten large-grid-eight"> <section id="articles"> <h3 class="border">Displaying 1 - 20 of 280 articles</h3> <div class="content-list"> <article data-id="245094" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Mainstream media faces a credibility crisis – my journalism research shows how the news can still serve the public" href="/mainstream-media-faces-a-credibility-crisis-my-journalism-research-shows-how-the-news-can-still-serve-the-public-245094"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:48.50299401197605%;--background-color:#86756c"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/638296/original/file-20241212-15-y25n36.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=0%2C0%2C5615%2C2808&q=45&auto=format&w=668&h=324&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="638296"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> The media is the least trusted institution of 10 civil and political institutions in the U.S., recent polls show – even worse than Congress. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Rapideye/iStock via Getty</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2025-01-03T13:34:26Z" data-format="tc_date"> January 3, 2025 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/mainstream-media-faces-a-credibility-crisis-my-journalism-research-shows-how-the-news-can-still-serve-the-public-245094">Mainstream media faces a credibility crisis – my journalism research shows how the news can still serve the public</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/anita-varma-2272503">Anita Varma</a>, <em>The University of Texas at Austin</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>Legacy newsrooms have lost their audiences. Could a radical transformation in how they practice journalism make the industry relevant again?</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="244266" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Stadiums don’t have to be a drain on taxpayer dollars − 4 lessons from St. Louis" href="/stadiums-dont-have-to-be-a-drain-on-taxpayer-dollars-4-lessons-from-st-louis-244266"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#4c6133"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/637528/original/file-20241210-15-hh1igl.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=1014%2C13%2C1980%2C1980&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="637528"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> The inaugural match at CITYPARK on March 4, 2023. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Photo by Dilip Vishwanat/Getty Images</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-12-10T13:44:29Z" data-format="tc_date"> December 10, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/stadiums-dont-have-to-be-a-drain-on-taxpayer-dollars-4-lessons-from-st-louis-244266">Stadiums don’t have to be a drain on taxpayer dollars − 4 lessons from St. Louis</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/peter-boumgarden-2274142">Peter Boumgarden</a>, <em>Washington University in St. Louis</em> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/nathan-jensen-595653">Nathan Jensen</a>, <em>The University of Texas at Austin</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>The newest stadium in St. Louis is a case study in ‘patient capital.’</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="240406" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="2024’s quick win for Trump will go down in the history books alongside 1964 and 1980 Election Day landslides" href="/2024s-quick-win-for-trump-will-go-down-in-the-history-books-alongside-1964-and-1980-election-day-landslides-240406"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#4b552a"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/630212/original/file-20241105-17-ksomz0.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=323%2C0%2C2997%2C2997&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="630212"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> Voters line up to cast their ballots at a voting location in Bethlehem, Pa., on Nov. 5, 2024. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Samuel Corum/AFP via Getty Images </span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-06T15:05:31Z" data-format="tc_date"> November 6, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/2024s-quick-win-for-trump-will-go-down-in-the-history-books-alongside-1964-and-1980-election-day-landslides-240406">2024’s quick win for Trump will go down in the history books alongside 1964 and 1980 Election Day landslides</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/shannon-bow-obrien-1129136">Shannon Bow O'Brien</a>, <em>The University of Texas at Austin</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>In US history, there have been many memorable elections – including those involving quick, decisive wins and others subjected to drawn-out legal battles.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="242567" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="No, America’s battery plant boom isn’t going bust – construction is on track for the biggest factories, with thousands of jobs planned" href="/no-americas-battery-plant-boom-isnt-going-bust-construction-is-on-track-for-the-biggest-factories-with-thousands-of-jobs-planned-242567"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#aa9761"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/629119/original/file-20241031-15-621aq1.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=1803%2C194%2C2989%2C2989&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="629119"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> Workers install battery packs in a BMW X5 in South Carolina. A new battery plant under construction nearby will supply BMW factories. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">BMW</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-11-01T12:35:35Z" data-format="tc_date"> November 1, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/no-americas-battery-plant-boom-isnt-going-bust-construction-is-on-track-for-the-biggest-factories-with-thousands-of-jobs-planned-242567">No, America’s battery plant boom isn’t going bust – construction is on track for the biggest factories, with thousands of jobs planned</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/james-morton-turner-605873">James Morton Turner</a>, <em>Wellesley College</em>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/joshua-busby-1185089">Joshua Busby</a>, <em>The University of Texas at Austin</em>, and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/nathan-jensen-595653">Nathan Jensen</a>, <em>The University of Texas at Austin</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>The future of these job-generating gigafactories, many of them in Republican states, could be at risk if the next president tries to wipe out the programs that made them possible.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="241548" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="How Trump’s racist talk of immigrant ‘bad genes’ echoes some of the last century’s darkest ideas about eugenics" href="/how-trumps-racist-talk-of-immigrant-bad-genes-echoes-some-of-the-last-centurys-darkest-ideas-about-eugenics-241548"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#4b464e"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/628524/original/file-20241028-21-i0dhrf.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=685%2C0%2C2797%2C2797&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="628524"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> Donald Trump speaks at Madison Square Garden in New York on Oct. 27, 2024. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">John Salangsang/Invision/AP</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-10-29T12:40:51Z" data-format="tc_date"> October 29, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/how-trumps-racist-talk-of-immigrant-bad-genes-echoes-some-of-the-last-centurys-darkest-ideas-about-eugenics-241548">How Trump’s racist talk of immigrant ‘bad genes’ echoes some of the last century’s darkest ideas about eugenics</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/shannon-bow-obrien-1129136">Shannon Bow O'Brien</a>, <em>The University of Texas at Austin</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>Trump’s comments against immigrants of color have prompted comparisons to the Nazis. But American and British theorists coined the theory of eugenics long before the Nazis rose to power.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="239263" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Trump’s second assassination attempt is shocking, but attempts on presidents’ lives are not rare in US history" href="/trumps-second-assassination-attempt-is-shocking-but-attempts-on-presidents-lives-are-not-rare-in-us-history-239263"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#9f695a"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/619959/original/file-20240917-16-pnq94r.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=0%2C28%2C2461%2C2461&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="619959"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> President Ronald Reagan smiles and waves shortly before he is shot outside the Washington Hilton hotel in March 1981. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Corbis via Getty Images</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-09-17T20:46:10Z" data-format="tc_date"> September 17, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/trumps-second-assassination-attempt-is-shocking-but-attempts-on-presidents-lives-are-not-rare-in-us-history-239263">Trump’s second assassination attempt is shocking, but attempts on presidents’ lives are not rare in US history</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/shannon-bow-obrien-1129136">Shannon Bow O'Brien</a>, <em>The University of Texas at Austin</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>While 4 presidents have been killed, many others have been victims of plots to end their lives − sometimes because of political anger, but many other times for incomprehensible reasons.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="237302" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="All politicians change their minds – and have been <span class="nobr">flip-flopping</span> on positions for hundreds of years" href="/all-politicians-change-their-minds-and-have-been-flip-flopping-on-positions-for-hundreds-of-years-237302"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#9e6263"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/615265/original/file-20240823-20-i783r5.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=43%2C0%2C4823%2C4823&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="615265"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> Kamala Harris and Donald Trump are far from the first politicians to be accused of flip-flopping on issues. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Francesco Zerilli/Zerillimedia/Science Photo Library </span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-08-26T12:28:17Z" data-format="tc_date"> August 26, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/all-politicians-change-their-minds-and-have-been-flip-flopping-on-positions-for-hundreds-of-years-237302">All politicians change their minds – and have been <span class="nobr">flip-flopping</span> on positions for hundreds of years</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/shannon-bow-obrien-1129136">Shannon Bow O'Brien</a>, <em>The University of Texas at Austin</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>Donald Trump and Kamala Harris are far from the first politicians to change their mind about topics, from the innocuous to important policy shifts.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="236120" class="clearfix placed news_item published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Young Nigerians’ push for change must go beyond street protests – historian" href="/young-nigerians-push-for-change-must-go-beyond-street-protests-historian-236120"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#a26658"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/611717/original/file-20240806-19-ogttzk.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=528%2C37%2C2355%2C2355&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="611717"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> Nigerians protesting over hardship and bad governance, in Ojota, Lagos, Nigeria, on 2 August 2024. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Adekunle Ajayi/NurPhoto via Getty Images</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-08-08T15:22:27Z" data-format="tc_date"> August 8, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/young-nigerians-push-for-change-must-go-beyond-street-protests-historian-236120">Young Nigerians’ push for change must go beyond street protests – historian</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/toyin-falola-1358213">Toyin Falola</a>, <em>The University of Texas at Austin</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>Young Nigerians must follow demonstrations with active political consciousness.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="235937" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="From a pig as political candidate to a breakout speech for Obama − Democratic National Convention often leaves its mark on history" href="/from-a-pig-as-political-candidate-to-a-breakout-speech-for-obama-democratic-national-convention-often-leaves-its-mark-on-history-235937"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#42444f"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/612164/original/file-20240807-19-dr1quc.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=1155%2C0%2C5467%2C5463&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="612164"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> The logo for the Democratic National Convention is displayed at the United Center in Chicago, Ill., ahead of the Aug. 19-22, 2024, event. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Scott Olson/Getty Images</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-08-08T12:39:37Z" data-format="tc_date"> August 8, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/from-a-pig-as-political-candidate-to-a-breakout-speech-for-obama-democratic-national-convention-often-leaves-its-mark-on-history-235937">From a pig as political candidate to a breakout speech for Obama − Democratic National Convention often leaves its mark on history</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/shannon-bow-obrien-1129136">Shannon Bow O'Brien</a>, <em>The University of Texas at Austin</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>Kamala Harris and Tim Walz will officially accept their nominations at the Democratic National Convention. A scholar of the presidency shares memorable moments from previous events.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="234985" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="AI helps lighten the load on the electric grid – without skimping on people’s energy use" href="/ai-helps-lighten-the-load-on-the-electric-grid-without-skimping-on-peoples-energy-use-234985"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#ae744f"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/611913/original/file-20240806-19-b4o8vv.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=1250%2C0%2C5469%2C5464&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="611913"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> Smart thermostats, batteries and AI could give people the best of both worlds: comfort and efficiency. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">RgStudio/E+ via Getty Images</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-08-07T12:34:33Z" data-format="tc_date"> August 7, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/ai-helps-lighten-the-load-on-the-electric-grid-without-skimping-on-peoples-energy-use-234985">AI helps lighten the load on the electric grid – without skimping on people’s energy use</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/zoltan-nagy-1541107">Zoltan Nagy</a>, <em>The University of Texas at Austin</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>Smart buildings can team up to be more energy efficient while keeping the people inside comfortable.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="234457" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Biden isn’t the first to struggle to pop the presidential bubble that divides him from the public" href="/biden-isnt-the-first-to-struggle-to-pop-the-presidential-bubble-that-divides-him-from-the-public-234457"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#334c2d"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/606658/original/file-20240712-17-au027z.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=1259%2C0%2C5663%2C5663&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="606658"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> President Joe Biden makes his way to Marine One, flanked by aides and staff, in May 2024. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Tom Williams/CQ-Roll Call, Inc via Getty Images</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-07-12T16:38:04Z" data-format="tc_date"> July 12, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/biden-isnt-the-first-to-struggle-to-pop-the-presidential-bubble-that-divides-him-from-the-public-234457">Biden isn’t the first to struggle to pop the presidential bubble that divides him from the public</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/shannon-bow-obrien-1129136">Shannon Bow O'Brien</a>, <em>The University of Texas at Austin</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>Ronald Reagan, George H.W. Bush and other presidents showed that getting limited information as president can have some benefits – but also risks.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="229684" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="<span class="nobr">Plant-based</span> meat alternatives are trying to exit the culture wars – an impossible task?" href="/plant-based-meat-alternatives-are-trying-to-exit-the-culture-wars-an-impossible-task-229684"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#a55c53"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/594398/original/file-20240515-20-4wqion.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=972%2C0%2C3461%2C3461&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="594398"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> A person holds an Impossible brand meatless burger in California in 2021. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Smith Collection/Gado/Getty Images </span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-05-16T12:16:28Z" data-format="tc_date"> May 16, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/plant-based-meat-alternatives-are-trying-to-exit-the-culture-wars-an-impossible-task-229684"><span class="nobr">Plant-based</span> meat alternatives are trying to exit the culture wars – an impossible task?</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/s-marek-muller-1499436">S. Marek Muller</a>, <em>Texas State University</em> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/david-rooney-1533455">David Rooney</a>, <em>The University of Texas at Austin</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>As vegan meat companies lose revenue, one company is trying a new packaging approach to bring in new consumers. But this step is unlikely to help end the ‘Meat Culture War.’</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="228349" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="College students in Austin, Texas, have dwelled in windowless rooms for years − here’s why the city finally decided to ban them" href="/college-students-in-austin-texas-have-dwelled-in-windowless-rooms-for-years-heres-why-the-city-finally-decided-to-ban-them-228349"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#966b53"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/590526/original/file-20240425-18-8ybq4f.jpeg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=266%2C0%2C1069%2C1069&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="590526"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> Thousands of windowless rooms like this one have been built near the University of Texas at Austin. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Juan Miro</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-05-16T12:15:43Z" data-format="tc_date"> May 16, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/college-students-in-austin-texas-have-dwelled-in-windowless-rooms-for-years-heres-why-the-city-finally-decided-to-ban-them-228349">College students in Austin, Texas, have dwelled in windowless rooms for years − here’s why the city finally decided to ban them</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/juan-miro-419804">Juan Miró</a>, <em>The University of Texas at Austin</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>Students in windowless rooms are reporting anxiety, depression and fatigue. A professor of architecture says developers need to let the light shine in.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="227424" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Trump’s New York felony charges are going to trial – what the images might show when the business fraud case kicks off" href="/trumps-new-york-felony-charges-are-going-to-trial-what-the-images-might-show-when-the-business-fraud-case-kicks-off-227424"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#4e302e"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/586966/original/file-20240409-16-7jhh05.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=477%2C0%2C2622%2C2622&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="586966"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> Former President Donald Trump sits with his attorneys inside a Manhattan courtroom during his arraignment in April 2023. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Timothy A. Clary-Pool/Getty Images</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-04-15T19:03:55Z" data-format="tc_date"> April 15, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/trumps-new-york-felony-charges-are-going-to-trial-what-the-images-might-show-when-the-business-fraud-case-kicks-off-227424">Trump’s New York felony charges are going to trial – what the images might show when the business fraud case kicks off</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/mary-angela-bock-276653">Mary Angela Bock</a>, <em>The University of Texas at Austin</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>How will Trump act during his upcoming court appearance in Manhattan? Surprises are unlikely, but his body language and expressions can help tell a fuller story that will go down in history.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="224232" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Louisiana governor makes it easier for companies to receive lucrative tax breaks that take money away from <span class="nobr">cash-strapped</span> schools" href="/louisiana-governor-makes-it-easier-for-companies-to-receive-lucrative-tax-breaks-that-take-money-away-from-cash-strapped-schools-224232"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#4d352d"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/577468/original/file-20240222-20-bvvxzi.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="577468"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> ExxonMobil has been granted nearly $580 million in tax abatements in Louisiana since 2000. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Barry Lewis/Getty Images</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-02-23T13:49:52Z" data-format="tc_date"> February 23, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/louisiana-governor-makes-it-easier-for-companies-to-receive-lucrative-tax-breaks-that-take-money-away-from-cash-strapped-schools-224232">Louisiana governor makes it easier for companies to receive lucrative tax breaks that take money away from <span class="nobr">cash-strapped</span> schools</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/christine-wen-1493763">Christine Wen</a>, <em>Texas A&M University</em>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/danielle-mclean-1509586">Danielle McLean</a>, <em>The Conversation</em>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/kevin-welner-141489">Kevin Welner</a>, <em>University of Colorado Boulder</em>, and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/nathan-jensen-595653">Nathan Jensen</a>, <em>The University of Texas at Austin</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>Louisiana’s governor made it easier for companies to receive property tax breaks – and schools will likely pay the price.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="223624" class="clearfix placed news_item published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="How tax breaks strangle American schools − billions of dollars that could help students vanish from budgets, especially hurting districts that serve poor students" href="/how-tax-breaks-strangle-american-schools-billions-of-dollars-that-could-help-students-vanish-from-budgets-especially-hurting-districts-that-serve-poor-students-223624"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#4d372c"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/575711/original/file-20240214-26-zsxkqz.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=678%2C0%2C683%2C683&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="575711"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> Exxon Mobil Corp.’s campus in East Baton Rouge Parish, left, received millions in tax abatements to the detriment of local schools, right. </span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-02-16T13:49:32Z" data-format="tc_date"> February 16, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/how-tax-breaks-strangle-american-schools-billions-of-dollars-that-could-help-students-vanish-from-budgets-especially-hurting-districts-that-serve-poor-students-223624">How tax breaks strangle American schools − billions of dollars that could help students vanish from budgets, especially hurting districts that serve poor students</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/christine-wen-1493763">Christine Wen</a>, <em>Texas A&M University</em>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/danielle-mclean-1509586">Danielle McLean</a>, <em>The Conversation</em>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/kevin-welner-141489">Kevin Welner</a>, <em>University of Colorado Boulder</em>, and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/nathan-jensen-595653">Nathan Jensen</a>, <em>The University of Texas at Austin</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>An estimated 95% of US cities provide economic development tax incentives to woo corporate investors, taking billions away from schools.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="222940" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Students lose out as cities and states give billions in property tax breaks to businesses − draining school budgets and especially hurting the poorest students" href="/students-lose-out-as-cities-and-states-give-billions-in-property-tax-breaks-to-businesses-draining-school-budgets-and-especially-hurting-the-poorest-students-222940"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#4c372c"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/575520/original/file-20240214-20-j3e0d8.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=670%2C0%2C683%2C683&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="575520"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> Exxon Mobil Corp.’s campus in East Baton Rouge Parish, left, received millions in tax abatements to the detriment of local schools, right. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Barry Lewis/Getty Images, Tjean314/Wikimedia</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-02-15T13:35:30Z" data-format="tc_date"> February 15, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/students-lose-out-as-cities-and-states-give-billions-in-property-tax-breaks-to-businesses-draining-school-budgets-and-especially-hurting-the-poorest-students-222940">Students lose out as cities and states give billions in property tax breaks to businesses − draining school budgets and especially hurting the poorest students</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/christine-wen-1493763">Christine Wen</a>, <em>Texas A&M University</em>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/danielle-mclean-1509586">Danielle McLean</a>, <em>The Conversation</em>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/kevin-welner-141489">Kevin Welner</a>, <em>University of Colorado Boulder</em>, and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/nathan-jensen-595653">Nathan Jensen</a>, <em>The University of Texas at Austin</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>An estimated 95% of US cities provide economic development tax incentives to woo corporate investors, taking billions away from schools.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="220203" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Gaza’s oldest mosque, destroyed in an airstrike, was once a temple to Philistine and Roman gods, a Byzantine and Catholic church, and had engravings of Jewish ritual objects" href="/gazas-oldest-mosque-destroyed-in-an-airstrike-was-once-a-temple-to-philistine-and-roman-gods-a-byzantine-and-catholic-church-and-had-engravings-of-jewish-ritual-objects-220203"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#887a65"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/569417/original/file-20240115-19-291cqy.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=6%2C0%2C424%2C414&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="569417"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> The Omari Mosque of Gaza. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Mohammed Alafrangi, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-01-17T13:35:46Z" data-format="tc_date"> January 17, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/gazas-oldest-mosque-destroyed-in-an-airstrike-was-once-a-temple-to-philistine-and-roman-gods-a-byzantine-and-catholic-church-and-had-engravings-of-jewish-ritual-objects-220203">Gaza’s oldest mosque, destroyed in an airstrike, was once a temple to Philistine and Roman gods, a Byzantine and Catholic church, and had engravings of Jewish ritual objects</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/stephennie-mulder-391353">Stephennie Mulder</a>, <em>The University of Texas at Austin</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>Gaza’s Omari Mosque embodies the history of Gaza – as a site of frequent destruction, but also of renewal, writes a scholar of Islamic architecture and archaeology.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="208183" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="A brief history of tragic presidential relatives, from Alice Roosevelt to Hunter Biden" href="/a-brief-history-of-tragic-presidential-relatives-from-alice-roosevelt-to-hunter-biden-208183"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#2d3852"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/533253/original/file-20230621-16-vwhm5s.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=451%2C0%2C2540%2C2540&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="533253"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> Hunter Biden embraces his father, President Joe Biden, and his stepmother, Jill, at Biden’s 2021 inauguration. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Drew Angerer/Getty Images</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-06-11T19:59:10Z" data-format="tc_date"> June 11, 2024 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/a-brief-history-of-tragic-presidential-relatives-from-alice-roosevelt-to-hunter-biden-208183">A brief history of tragic presidential relatives, from Alice Roosevelt to Hunter Biden</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/shannon-bow-obrien-1129136">Shannon Bow O'Brien</a>, <em>The University of Texas at Austin</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>Presidents have family drama, like all other people. Hunter Biden is simply the latest example of a family member who has brought negative attention to a president’s administration.</span> </div> </article> <article data-id="207165" class="clearfix placed analysis published"> <figure> <a class="article-link" aria-label="Mike Pence is jockeying against Donald Trump for the Republican presidential nomination – joining the ranks of just one vice president who, in 1800, also ran against a former boss" href="/mike-pence-is-jockeying-against-donald-trump-for-the-republican-presidential-nomination-joining-the-ranks-of-just-one-vice-president-who-in-1800-also-ran-against-a-former-boss-207165"> <div class="placeholder-container" style="--aspect-ratio-percent:100.0%;--background-color:#2c3854"><img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/530414/original/file-20230606-23-shmj8a.jpg?ixlib=rb-4.1.0&rect=596%2C0%2C2615%2C2615&q=45&auto=format&w=240&h=240&fit=crop" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-id="530414"></div> </a> <figcaption> <span class="caption"> Former President Donald Trump and former Vice President Mike Pence appear together in November 2020. </span> <span class="source" title="Source">Tasos Katopodis/Getty Images</span> </figcaption> </figure> <header> <time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-06-09T17:51:36Z" data-format="tc_date"> June 9, 2023 </time> <div class="article--header"> <h2><a href="/mike-pence-is-jockeying-against-donald-trump-for-the-republican-presidential-nomination-joining-the-ranks-of-just-one-vice-president-who-in-1800-also-ran-against-a-former-boss-207165">Mike Pence is jockeying against Donald Trump for the Republican presidential nomination – joining the ranks of just one vice president who, in 1800, also ran against a former boss</a></h2> <p class="byline"> <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/shannon-bow-obrien-1129136">Shannon Bow O'Brien</a>, <em>The University of Texas at Austin</em></span> </p> </div> </header> <div class="content"> <span>Pence’s announcement that he will run for president brings to mind how rare it is for a vice president to compete against a former running mate.</span> </div> </article> </div> <nav class="pagination" role="navigation" aria-label="pager"> <span class="page current"> 1 </span> <span class="page"> <a rel="next" href="/institutions/the-university-of-texas-at-austin-1343?page=2">2</a> </span> <span class="page"> <a href="/institutions/the-university-of-texas-at-austin-1343?page=3">3</a> </span> <span class="page"> <a href="/institutions/the-university-of-texas-at-austin-1343?page=4">4</a> </span> <span class="page"> <a href="/institutions/the-university-of-texas-at-austin-1343?page=5">5</a> </span> <span class="page gap"></span> <span class="next"> <a rel="next" href="/institutions/the-university-of-texas-at-austin-1343?page=2"><i class="icon-caret-right" title="Next"></i></a> </span> <span class="last"> <a href="/institutions/the-university-of-texas-at-austin-1343?page=14">Last</a> </span> </nav> </section> </div> <div class="grid-six large-grid-eight grid-last"> <div id="jobs-and-events" class="grid-six large-grid-four"> </div> <div id="contributors" class="grid-six large-grid-four grid-last"> <section id="experts" class="article-section"> <h3 class="border">Authors</h3> <ol class="semantic article-authors"> <li class="vcard" id="author-2272503" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/anita-varma-2272503"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/2272503/width170/image-20241129-15-5o9s8h.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Anita Varma </span> </a> <p class="role"> Assistant Professor, School of Journalism, The University of Texas at Austin </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-349426" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/brent-landau-349426"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/349426/width170/nKSun6mTsA.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Brent Landau </span> </a> <p class="role"> Lecturer in Religious Studies, The University of Texas at Austin </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-1533455" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/david-rooney-1533455"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1533455/width170/file-20240509-18-4w96bd.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> David Rooney </span> </a> <p class="role"> Doctoral candidate, The University of Texas at Austin </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-1423770" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/j-w-traphagan-1423770"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1423770/width170/image-20230327-28-i38ys2.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> J. W. Traphagan </span> </a> <p class="role"> Professor Emeritus of Religious Studies, The University of Texas at Austin </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-1185089" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/joshua-busby-1185089"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1185089/width170/image-20241031-17-5bposl.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Joshua Busby </span> </a> <p class="role"> Professor of Public Affairs, The University of Texas at Austin </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-300048" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/joshua-childs-300048"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/300048/width170/image-20220823-2351-4urce2.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Joshua Childs </span> </a> <p class="role"> Assistant Professor of Education Policy, The University of Texas at Austin </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-419804" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/juan-miro-419804"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/419804/width170/Miro__Juan.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Juan Miró </span> </a> <p class="role"> Professor, Dick Clark Chair in Architecture, School of Architecture, The University of Texas at Austin </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-1430955" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/lisa-de-simone-1430955"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1430955/width170/20220711LG-LisaDeSimone012_FNL_540x540.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Lisa De Simone </span> </a> <p class="role"> Associate Professor of Accounting, The University of Texas at Austin </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-1250138" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/marina-alexandrova-1250138"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1250138/width170/image-20230105-18-lmpfbn.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Marina Alexandrova </span> </a> <p class="role"> Associate Professor of Instruction, The University of Texas at Austin </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-276653" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/mary-angela-bock-276653"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/276653/width170/image-20230403-22-q5c3r4.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Mary Angela Bock </span> </a> <p class="role"> Associate Professor of Journalism, The University of Texas at Austin </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-595653" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/nathan-jensen-595653"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/595653/width170/image-20181115-194509-x8gyty.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Nathan Jensen </span> </a> <p class="role"> Professor of Government, The University of Texas at Austin </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-1129136" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/shannon-bow-obrien-1129136"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1129136/width170/image-20211021-27-bsf3pu.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Shannon Bow O'Brien </span> </a> <p class="role"> Associate Professor of Instruction, The University of Texas at Austin </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-391353" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/stephennie-mulder-391353"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/391353/width170/mKGsnquPqg.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Stephennie Mulder </span> </a> <p class="role"> Associate Professor of Art History, The University of Texas at Austin </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-1358213" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/toyin-falola-1358213"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1358213/width170/toyin_falola.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Toyin Falola </span> </a> <p class="role"> Professor of History, The University of Texas at Austin </p> </li> <li class="vcard" id="author-1541107" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <a rel="author" itemprop="url" href="/profiles/zoltan-nagy-1541107"> <img alt="" class="lazyload" data-src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/avatars/1541107/width170/file-20240612-1054-mm1uop.jpg" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/static/tc/author/width170_default-bea415b3a0223821a698f6e3f6d5ab99.jpg" itemprop="image"> <span class="fn author-name" itemprop="name"> Zoltan Nagy </span> </a> <p class="role"> Assistant Professor of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin </p> 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e||(e=this.options.defaultNS),this.getResource(t,e)}getDataByLanguage(t){return this.data[t]}hasLanguageSomeTranslations(t){const e=this.getDataByLanguage(t);return!!(e&&Object.keys(e)||[]).find((t=>e[t]&&Object.keys(e[t]).length>0))}toJSON(){return this.data}}var A={processors:{},addPostProcessor(t){this.processors[t.name]=t},handle(t,e,n,r,o){return t.forEach((t=>{e=this.processors[t]?.process(e,n,r,o)??e})),e}};const $={};class T extends C{constructor(t){let e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};super(),((t,e,n)=>{t.forEach((t=>{e[t]&&(n[t]=e[t])}))})(["resourceStore","languageUtils","pluralResolver","interpolator","backendConnector","i18nFormat","utils"],t,this),this.options=e,void 0===this.options.keySeparator&&(this.options.keySeparator="."),this.logger=E.create("translator")}changeLanguage(t){t&&(this.language=t)}exists(t){let e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{interpolation:{}};if(null==t)return!1;const n=this.resolve(t,e);return void 0!==n?.res}extractFromKey(t,e){let n=void 0!==e.nsSeparator?e.nsSeparator:this.options.nsSeparator;void 0===n&&(n=":");const r=void 0!==e.keySeparator?e.keySeparator:this.options.keySeparator;let o=e.ns||this.options.defaultNS||[];const i=n&&t.indexOf(n)>-1,s=!(this.options.userDefinedKeySeparator||e.keySeparator||this.options.userDefinedNsSeparator||e.nsSeparator||((t,e,n)=>{e=e||"",n=n||"";const r=w.filter((t=>e.indexOf(t)<0&&n.indexOf(t)<0));if(0===r.length)return!0;const o=k.getRegExp(`(${r.map((t=>"?"===t?"\\?":t)).join("|")})`);let i=!o.test(t);if(!i){const e=t.indexOf(n);e>0&&!o.test(t.substring(0,e))&&(i=!0)}return i})(t,n,r));if(i&&!s){const e=t.match(this.interpolator.nestingRegexp);if(e&&e.length>0)return{key:t,namespaces:l(o)?[o]:o};const i=t.split(n);(n!==r||n===r&&this.options.ns.indexOf(i[0])>-1)&&(o=i.shift()),t=i.join(r)}return{key:t,namespaces:l(o)?[o]:o}}translate(t,e,n){if("object"!=typeof e&&this.options.overloadTranslationOptionHandler&&(e=this.options.overloadTranslationOptionHandler(arguments)),"object"==typeof e&&(e={...e}),e||(e={}),null==t)return"";Array.isArray(t)||(t=[String(t)]);const r=void 0!==e.returnDetails?e.returnDetails:this.options.returnDetails,o=void 0!==e.keySeparator?e.keySeparator:this.options.keySeparator,{key:i,namespaces:s}=this.extractFromKey(t[t.length-1],e),a=s[s.length-1],u=e.lng||this.language,c=e.appendNamespaceToCIMode||this.options.appendNamespaceToCIMode;if("cimode"===u?.toLowerCase()){if(c){const t=e.nsSeparator||this.options.nsSeparator;return r?{res:`${a}${t}${i}`,usedKey:i,exactUsedKey:i,usedLng:u,usedNS:a,usedParams:this.getUsedParamsDetails(e)}:`${a}${t}${i}`}return r?{res:i,usedKey:i,exactUsedKey:i,usedLng:u,usedNS:a,usedParams:this.getUsedParamsDetails(e)}:i}const f=this.resolve(t,e);let p=f?.res;const h=f?.usedKey||i,d=f?.exactUsedKey||i,g=Object.prototype.toString.apply(p),v=void 0!==e.joinArrays?e.joinArrays:this.options.joinArrays,y=!this.i18nFormat||this.i18nFormat.handleAsObject,m=!l(p)&&"boolean"!=typeof p&&"number"!=typeof p;if(!(y&&p&&m&&["[object Number]","[object Function]","[object RegExp]"].indexOf(g)<0)||l(v)&&Array.isArray(p))if(y&&l(v)&&Array.isArray(p))p=p.join(v),p&&(p=this.extendTranslation(p,t,e,n));else{let r=!1,s=!1;const c=void 0!==e.count&&!l(e.count),h=T.hasDefaultValue(e),d=c?this.pluralResolver.getSuffix(u,e.count,e):"",g=e.ordinal&&c?this.pluralResolver.getSuffix(u,e.count,{ordinal:!1}):"",v=c&&!e.ordinal&&0===e.count,y=v&&e[`defaultValue${this.options.pluralSeparator}zero`]||e[`defaultValue${d}`]||e[`defaultValue${g}`]||e.defaultValue;!this.isValidLookup(p)&&h&&(r=!0,p=y),this.isValidLookup(p)||(s=!0,p=i);const m=(e.missingKeyNoValueFallbackToKey||this.options.missingKeyNoValueFallbackToKey)&&s?void 0:p,b=h&&y!==p&&this.options.updateMissing;if(s||r||b){if(this.logger.log(b?"updateKey":"missingKey",u,a,i,b?y:p),o){const t=this.resolve(i,{...e,keySeparator:!1});t&&t.res&&this.logger.warn("Seems the loaded translations were in flat JSON format instead of nested. Either set keySeparator: false on init or make sure your translations are published in nested format.")}let t=[];const n=this.languageUtils.getFallbackCodes(this.options.fallbackLng,e.lng||this.language);if("fallback"===this.options.saveMissingTo&&n&&n[0])for(let e=0;e<n.length;e++)t.push(n[e]);else"all"===this.options.saveMissingTo?t=this.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(e.lng||this.language):t.push(e.lng||this.language);const r=(t,n,r)=>{const o=h&&r!==p?r:m;this.options.missingKeyHandler?this.options.missingKeyHandler(t,a,n,o,b,e):this.backendConnector?.saveMissing&&this.backendConnector.saveMissing(t,a,n,o,b,e),this.emit("missingKey",t,a,n,p)};this.options.saveMissing&&(this.options.saveMissingPlurals&&c?t.forEach((t=>{const n=this.pluralResolver.getSuffixes(t,e);v&&e[`defaultValue${this.options.pluralSeparator}zero`]&&n.indexOf(`${this.options.pluralSeparator}zero`)<0&&n.push(`${this.options.pluralSeparator}zero`),n.forEach((n=>{r([t],i+n,e[`defaultValue${n}`]||y)}))})):r(t,i,y))}p=this.extendTranslation(p,t,e,f,n),s&&p===i&&this.options.appendNamespaceToMissingKey&&(p=`${a}:${i}`),(s||r)&&this.options.parseMissingKeyHandler&&(p=this.options.parseMissingKeyHandler(this.options.appendNamespaceToMissingKey?`${a}:${i}`:i,r?p:void 0))}else{if(!e.returnObjects&&!this.options.returnObjects){this.options.returnedObjectHandler||this.logger.warn("accessing an object - but returnObjects options is not enabled!");const t=this.options.returnedObjectHandler?this.options.returnedObjectHandler(h,p,{...e,ns:s}):`key '${i} (${this.language})' returned an object instead of string.`;return r?(f.res=t,f.usedParams=this.getUsedParamsDetails(e),f):t}if(o){const t=Array.isArray(p),n=t?[]:{},r=t?d:h;for(const t in p)if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(p,t)){const i=`${r}${o}${t}`;n[t]=this.translate(i,{...e,joinArrays:!1,ns:s}),n[t]===i&&(n[t]=p[t])}p=n}}return r?(f.res=p,f.usedParams=this.getUsedParamsDetails(e),f):p}extendTranslation(t,e,n,r,o){var i=this;if(this.i18nFormat?.parse)t=this.i18nFormat.parse(t,{...this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables,...n},n.lng||this.language||r.usedLng,r.usedNS,r.usedKey,{resolved:r});else if(!n.skipInterpolation){n.interpolation&&this.interpolator.init({...n,interpolation:{...this.options.interpolation,...n.interpolation}});const s=l(t)&&(void 0!==n?.interpolation?.skipOnVariables?n.interpolation.skipOnVariables:this.options.interpolation.skipOnVariables);let a;if(s){const e=t.match(this.interpolator.nestingRegexp);a=e&&e.length}let u=n.replace&&!l(n.replace)?n.replace:n;if(this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables&&(u={...this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables,...u}),t=this.interpolator.interpolate(t,u,n.lng||this.language||r.usedLng,n),s){const e=t.match(this.interpolator.nestingRegexp);a<(e&&e.length)&&(n.nest=!1)}!n.lng&&r&&r.res&&(n.lng=this.language||r.usedLng),!1!==n.nest&&(t=this.interpolator.nest(t,(function(){for(var t=arguments.length,r=new Array(t),s=0;s<t;s++)r[s]=arguments[s];return o?.[0]!==r[0]||n.context?i.translate(...r,e):(i.logger.warn(`It seems you are nesting recursively key: ${r[0]} in key: ${e[0]}`),null)}),n)),n.interpolation&&this.interpolator.reset()}const s=n.postProcess||this.options.postProcess,a=l(s)?[s]:s;return null!=t&&a?.length&&!1!==n.applyPostProcessor&&(t=A.handle(a,t,e,this.options&&this.options.postProcessPassResolved?{i18nResolved:{...r,usedParams:this.getUsedParamsDetails(n)},...n}:n,this)),t}resolve(t){let e,n,r,o,i,s=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};return l(t)&&(t=[t]),t.forEach((t=>{if(this.isValidLookup(e))return;const a=this.extractFromKey(t,s),u=a.key;n=u;let c=a.namespaces;this.options.fallbackNS&&(c=c.concat(this.options.fallbackNS));const f=void 0!==s.count&&!l(s.count),p=f&&!s.ordinal&&0===s.count,h=void 0!==s.context&&(l(s.context)||"number"==typeof s.context)&&""!==s.context,d=s.lngs?s.lngs:this.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(s.lng||this.language,s.fallbackLng);c.forEach((t=>{this.isValidLookup(e)||(i=t,$[`${d[0]}-${t}`]||!this.utils?.hasLoadedNamespace||this.utils?.hasLoadedNamespace(i)||($[`${d[0]}-${t}`]=!0,this.logger.warn(`key "${n}" for languages "${d.join(", ")}" won't get resolved as namespace "${i}" was not yet loaded`,"This means something IS WRONG in your setup. 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0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:{};return this.i18nFormat?.getResource?this.i18nFormat.getResource(t,e,n,r):this.resourceStore.getResource(t,e,n,r)}getUsedParamsDetails(){let t=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};const e=["defaultValue","ordinal","context","replace","lng","lngs","fallbackLng","ns","keySeparator","nsSeparator","returnObjects","returnDetails","joinArrays","postProcess","interpolation"],n=t.replace&&!l(t.replace);let r=n?t.replace:t;if(n&&void 0!==t.count&&(r.count=t.count),this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables&&(r={...this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables,...r}),!n){r={...r};for(const t of e)delete r[t]}return r}static hasDefaultValue(t){const e="defaultValue";for(const n in t)if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(t,n)&&e===n.substring(0,12)&&void 0!==t[n])return!0;return!1}}class I{constructor(t){this.options=t,this.supportedLngs=this.options.supportedLngs||!1,this.logger=E.create("languageUtils")}getScriptPartFromCode(t){if(!(t=L(t))||t.indexOf("-")<0)return null;const e=t.split("-");return 2===e.length?null:(e.pop(),"x"===e[e.length-1].toLowerCase()?null:this.formatLanguageCode(e.join("-")))}getLanguagePartFromCode(t){if(!(t=L(t))||t.indexOf("-")<0)return t;const e=t.split("-");return this.formatLanguageCode(e[0])}formatLanguageCode(t){if(l(t)&&t.indexOf("-")>-1){let e;try{e=Intl.getCanonicalLocales(t)[0]}catch(t){}return e&&this.options.lowerCaseLng&&(e=e.toLowerCase()),e||(this.options.lowerCaseLng?t.toLowerCase():t)}return this.options.cleanCode||this.options.lowerCaseLng?t.toLowerCase():t}isSupportedCode(t){return("languageOnly"===this.options.load||this.options.nonExplicitSupportedLngs)&&(t=this.getLanguagePartFromCode(t)),!this.supportedLngs||!this.supportedLngs.length||this.supportedLngs.indexOf(t)>-1}getBestMatchFromCodes(t){if(!t)return null;let e;return t.forEach((t=>{if(e)return;const n=this.formatLanguageCode(t);this.options.supportedLngs&&!this.isSupportedCode(n)||(e=n)})),!e&&this.options.supportedLngs&&t.forEach((t=>{if(e)return;const n=this.getLanguagePartFromCode(t);if(this.isSupportedCode(n))return e=n;e=this.options.supportedLngs.find((t=>t===n?t:t.indexOf("-")<0&&n.indexOf("-")<0?void 0:t.indexOf("-")>0&&n.indexOf("-")<0&&t.substring(0,t.indexOf("-"))===n||0===t.indexOf(n)&&n.length>1?t:void 0))})),e||(e=this.getFallbackCodes(this.options.fallbackLng)[0]),e}getFallbackCodes(t,e){if(!t)return[];if("function"==typeof t&&(t=t(e)),l(t)&&(t=[t]),Array.isArray(t))return t;if(!e)return t.default||[];let n=t[e];return n||(n=t[this.getScriptPartFromCode(e)]),n||(n=t[this.formatLanguageCode(e)]),n||(n=t[this.getLanguagePartFromCode(e)]),n||(n=t.default),n||[]}toResolveHierarchy(t,e){const n=this.getFallbackCodes(e||this.options.fallbackLng||[],t),r=[],o=t=>{t&&(this.isSupportedCode(t)?r.push(t):this.logger.warn(`rejecting language code not found in supportedLngs: ${t}`))};return l(t)&&(t.indexOf("-")>-1||t.indexOf("_")>-1)?("languageOnly"!==this.options.load&&o(this.formatLanguageCode(t)),"languageOnly"!==this.options.load&&"currentOnly"!==this.options.load&&o(this.getScriptPartFromCode(t)),"currentOnly"!==this.options.load&&o(this.getLanguagePartFromCode(t))):l(t)&&o(this.formatLanguageCode(t)),n.forEach((t=>{r.indexOf(t)<0&&o(this.formatLanguageCode(t))})),r}}const F={zero:0,one:1,two:2,few:3,many:4,other:5},D={select:t=>1===t?"one":"other",resolvedOptions:()=>({pluralCategories:["one","other"]})};class M{constructor(t){let e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};this.languageUtils=t,this.options=e,this.logger=E.create("pluralResolver"),this.pluralRulesCache={}}addRule(t,e){this.rules[t]=e}clearCache(){this.pluralRulesCache={}}getRule(t){let e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{};const 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RegExp(e,"g");this.regexp=t(this.regexp,`${this.prefix}(.+?)${this.suffix}`),this.regexpUnescape=t(this.regexpUnescape,`${this.prefix}${this.unescapePrefix}(.+?)${this.unescapeSuffix}${this.suffix}`),this.nestingRegexp=t(this.nestingRegexp,`${this.nestingPrefix}(.+?)${this.nestingSuffix}`)}interpolate(t,e,n,r){let o,i,s;const a=this.options&&this.options.interpolation&&this.options.interpolation.defaultVariables||{},u=t=>{if(t.indexOf(this.formatSeparator)<0){const o=V(e,a,t,this.options.keySeparator,this.options.ignoreJSONStructure);return this.alwaysFormat?this.format(o,void 0,n,{...r,...e,interpolationkey:t}):o}const o=t.split(this.formatSeparator),i=o.shift().trim(),s=o.join(this.formatSeparator).trim();return this.format(V(e,a,i,this.options.keySeparator,this.options.ignoreJSONStructure),s,n,{...r,...e,interpolationkey:i})};this.resetRegExp();const c=r?.missingInterpolationHandler||this.options.missingInterpolationHandler,f=void 0!==r?.interpolation?.skipOnVariables?r.interpolation.skipOnVariables:this.options.interpolation.skipOnVariables;return[{regex:this.regexpUnescape,safeValue:t=>U(t)},{regex:this.regexp,safeValue:t=>this.escapeValue?U(this.escape(t)):U(t)}].forEach((e=>{for(s=0;o=e.regex.exec(t);){const n=o[1].trim();if(i=u(n),void 0===i)if("function"==typeof c){const e=c(t,o,r);i=l(e)?e:""}else if(r&&Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(r,n))i="";else{if(f){i=o[0];continue}this.logger.warn(`missed to pass in variable ${n} for interpolating ${t}`),i=""}else l(i)||this.useRawValueToEscape||(i=p(i));const a=e.safeValue(i);if(t=t.replace(o[0],a),f?(e.regex.lastIndex+=i.length,e.regex.lastIndex-=o[0].length):e.regex.lastIndex=0,s++,s>=this.maxReplaces)break}})),t}nest(t,e){let n,r,o,i=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]?arguments[2]:{};const s=(t,e)=>{const n=this.nestingOptionsSeparator;if(t.indexOf(n)<0)return t;const r=t.split(new RegExp(`${n}[ ]*{`));let i=`{${r[1]}`;t=r[0],i=this.interpolate(i,o);const s=i.match(/'/g),a=i.match(/"/g);((s?.length??0)%2==0&&!a||a.length%2!=0)&&(i=i.replace(/'/g,'"'));try{o=JSON.parse(i),e&&(o={...e,...o})}catch(e){return this.logger.warn(`failed parsing options string in nesting for key ${t}`,e),`${t}${n}${i}`}return o.defaultValue&&o.defaultValue.indexOf(this.prefix)>-1&&delete o.defaultValue,t};for(;n=this.nestingRegexp.exec(t);){let a=[];o={...i},o=o.replace&&!l(o.replace)?o.replace:o,o.applyPostProcessor=!1,delete o.defaultValue;let u=!1;if(-1!==n[0].indexOf(this.formatSeparator)&&!/{.*}/.test(n[1])){const t=n[1].split(this.formatSeparator).map((t=>t.trim()));n[1]=t.shift(),a=t,u=!0}if(r=e(s.call(this,n[1].trim(),o),o),r&&n[0]===t&&!l(r))return r;l(r)||(r=p(r)),r||(this.logger.warn(`missed to resolve ${n[1]} for nesting ${t}`),r=""),u&&(r=a.reduce(((t,e)=>this.format(t,e,i.lng,{...i,interpolationkey:n[1].trim()})),r.trim())),t=t.replace(n[0],r),this.regexp.lastIndex=0}return t}}const H=t=>{const e={};return(n,r,o)=>{let i=o;o&&o.interpolationkey&&o.formatParams&&o.formatParams[o.interpolationkey]&&o[o.interpolationkey]&&(i={...i,[o.interpolationkey]:void 0});const s=r+JSON.stringify(i);let a=e[s];return a||(a=t(L(r),o),e[s]=a),a(n)}};class K{constructor(){let t=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};this.logger=E.create("formatter"),this.options=t,this.formats={number:H(((t,e)=>{const n=new Intl.NumberFormat(t,{...e});return t=>n.format(t)})),currency:H(((t,e)=>{const n=new Intl.NumberFormat(t,{...e,style:"currency"});return t=>n.format(t)})),datetime:H(((t,e)=>{const n=new Intl.DateTimeFormat(t,{...e});return t=>n.format(t)})),relativetime:H(((t,e)=>{const n=new Intl.RelativeTimeFormat(t,{...e});return t=>n.format(t,e.range||"day")})),list:H(((t,e)=>{const n=new Intl.ListFormat(t,{...e});return t=>n.format(t)}))},this.init(t)}init(t){let e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{interpolation:{}};this.formatSeparator=e.interpolation.formatSeparator||","}add(t,e){this.formats[t.toLowerCase().trim()]=e}addCached(t,e){this.formats[t.toLowerCase().trim()]=H(e)}format(t,e,n){let r=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:{};const o=e.split(this.formatSeparator);if(o.length>1&&o[0].indexOf("(")>1&&o[0].indexOf(")")<0&&o.find((t=>t.indexOf(")")>-1))){const t=o.findIndex((t=>t.indexOf(")")>-1));o[0]=[o[0],...o.splice(1,t)].join(this.formatSeparator)}return o.reduce(((t,e)=>{const{formatName:o,formatOptions:i}=(t=>{let e=t.toLowerCase().trim();const n={};if(t.indexOf("(")>-1){const r=t.split("(");e=r[0].toLowerCase().trim();const o=r[1].substring(0,r[1].length-1);"currency"===e&&o.indexOf(":")<0?n.currency||(n.currency=o.trim()):"relativetime"===e&&o.indexOf(":")<0?n.range||(n.range=o.trim()):o.split(";").forEach((t=>{if(t){const[e,...r]=t.split(":"),o=r.join(":").trim().replace(/^'+|'+$/g,""),i=e.trim();n[i]||(n[i]=o),"false"===o&&(n[i]=!1),"true"===o&&(n[i]=!0),isNaN(o)||(n[i]=parseInt(o,10))}}))}return{formatName:e,formatOptions:n}})(e);if(this.formats[o]){let e=t;try{const s=r?.formatParams?.[r.interpolationkey]||{},a=s.locale||s.lng||r.locale||r.lng||n;e=this.formats[o](t,a,{...i,...r,...s})}catch(t){this.logger.warn(t)}return e}return this.logger.warn(`there was no format function for ${o}`),t}),t)}}class z extends C{constructor(t,e,n){let r=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:{};super(),this.backend=t,this.store=e,this.services=n,this.languageUtils=n.languageUtils,this.options=r,this.logger=E.create("backendConnector"),this.waitingReads=[],this.maxParallelReads=r.maxParallelReads||10,this.readingCalls=0,this.maxRetries=r.maxRetries>=0?r.maxRetries:5,this.retryTimeout=r.retryTimeout>=1?r.retryTimeout:350,this.state={},this.queue=[],this.backend?.init?.(n,r.backend,r)}queueLoad(t,e,n,r){const o={},i={},s={},a={};return t.forEach((t=>{let r=!0;e.forEach((e=>{const s=`${t}|${e}`;!n.reload&&this.store.hasResourceBundle(t,e)?this.state[s]=2:this.state[s]<0||(1===this.state[s]?void 0===i[s]&&(i[s]=!0):(this.state[s]=1,r=!1,void 0===i[s]&&(i[s]=!0),void 0===o[s]&&(o[s]=!0),void 0===a[e]&&(a[e]=!0)))})),r||(s[t]=!0)})),(Object.keys(o).length||Object.keys(i).length)&&this.queue.push({pending:i,pendingCount:Object.keys(i).length,loaded:{},errors:[],callback:r}),{toLoad:Object.keys(o),pending:Object.keys(i),toLoadLanguages:Object.keys(s),toLoadNamespaces:Object.keys(a)}}loaded(t,e,n){const r=t.split("|"),o=r[0],i=r[1];e&&this.emit("failedLoading",o,i,e),!e&&n&&this.store.addResourceBundle(o,i,n,void 0,void 0,{skipCopy:!0}),this.state[t]=e?-1:2,e&&n&&(this.state[t]=0);const s={};this.queue.forEach((n=>{((t,e,n)=>{const{obj:r,k:o}=v(t,e,Object);r[o]=r[o]||[],r[o].push(n)})(n.loaded,[o],i),((t,e)=>{void 0!==t.pending[e]&&(delete t.pending[e],t.pendingCount--)})(n,t),e&&n.errors.push(e),0!==n.pendingCount||n.done||(Object.keys(n.loaded).forEach((t=>{s[t]||(s[t]={});const e=n.loaded[t];e.length&&e.forEach((e=>{void 0===s[t][e]&&(s[t][e]=!0)}))})),n.done=!0,n.errors.length?n.callback(n.errors):n.callback())})),this.emit("loaded",s),this.queue=this.queue.filter((t=>!t.done))}read(t,e,n){let r=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:0,o=arguments.length>4&&void 0!==arguments[4]?arguments[4]:this.retryTimeout,i=arguments.length>5?arguments[5]:void 0;if(!t.length)return i(null,{});if(this.readingCalls>=this.maxParallelReads)return void this.waitingReads.push({lng:t,ns:e,fcName:n,tried:r,wait:o,callback:i});this.readingCalls++;const s=(s,a)=>{if(this.readingCalls--,this.waitingReads.length>0){const t=this.waitingReads.shift();this.read(t.lng,t.ns,t.fcName,t.tried,t.wait,t.callback)}s&&a&&r<this.maxRetries?setTimeout((()=>{this.read.call(this,t,e,n,r+1,2*o,i)}),o):i(s,a)},a=this.backend[n].bind(this.backend);if(2!==a.length)return a(t,e,s);try{const n=a(t,e);n&&"function"==typeof n.then?n.then((t=>s(null,t))).catch(s):s(null,n)}catch(t){s(t)}}prepareLoading(t,e){let n=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]?arguments[2]:{},r=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;if(!this.backend)return this.logger.warn("No backend was added via i18next.use. Will not load resources."),r&&r();l(t)&&(t=this.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(t)),l(e)&&(e=[e]);const o=this.queueLoad(t,e,n,r);if(!o.toLoad.length)return o.pending.length||r(),null;o.toLoad.forEach((t=>{this.loadOne(t)}))}load(t,e,n){this.prepareLoading(t,e,{},n)}reload(t,e,n){this.prepareLoading(t,e,{reload:!0},n)}loadOne(t){let e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:"";const n=t.split("|"),r=n[0],o=n[1];this.read(r,o,"read",void 0,void 0,((n,i)=>{n&&this.logger.warn(`${e}loading namespace ${o} for language ${r} failed`,n),!n&&i&&this.logger.log(`${e}loaded namespace ${o} for language ${r}`,i),this.loaded(t,n,i)}))}saveMissing(t,e,n,r,o){let i=arguments.length>5&&void 0!==arguments[5]?arguments[5]:{},s=arguments.length>6&&void 0!==arguments[6]?arguments[6]:()=>{};if(!this.services?.utils?.hasLoadedNamespace||this.services?.utils?.hasLoadedNamespace(e)){if(null!=n&&""!==n){if(this.backend?.create){const a={...i,isUpdate:o},u=this.backend.create.bind(this.backend);if(u.length<6)try{let o;o=5===u.length?u(t,e,n,r,a):u(t,e,n,r),o&&"function"==typeof o.then?o.then((t=>s(null,t))).catch(s):s(null,o)}catch(t){s(t)}else u(t,e,n,r,s,a)}t&&t[0]&&this.store.addResource(t[0],e,n,r)}}else this.logger.warn(`did not save key "${n}" as the namespace "${e}" was not yet loaded`,"This means something IS WRONG in your setup. You access the t function before i18next.init / i18next.loadNamespace / i18next.changeLanguage was done. Wait for the callback or Promise to resolve before accessing it!!!")}}const B=()=>({debug:!1,initAsync:!0,ns:["translation"],defaultNS:["translation"],fallbackLng:["dev"],fallbackNS:!1,supportedLngs:!1,nonExplicitSupportedLngs:!1,load:"all",preload:!1,simplifyPluralSuffix:!0,keySeparator:".",nsSeparator:":",pluralSeparator:"_",contextSeparator:"_",partialBundledLanguages:!1,saveMissing:!1,updateMissing:!1,saveMissingTo:"fallback",saveMissingPlurals:!0,missingKeyHandler:!1,missingInterpolationHandler:!1,postProcess:!1,postProcessPassResolved:!1,returnNull:!1,returnEmptyString:!0,returnObjects:!1,joinArrays:!1,returnedObjectHandler:!1,parseMissingKeyHandler:!1,appendNamespaceToMissingKey:!1,appendNamespaceToCIMode:!1,overloadTranslationOptionHandler:t=>{let e={};if("object"==typeof t[1]&&(e=t[1]),l(t[1])&&(e.defaultValue=t[1]),l(t[2])&&(e.tDescription=t[2]),"object"==typeof t[2]||"object"==typeof t[3]){const n=t[3]||t[2];Object.keys(n).forEach((t=>{e[t]=n[t]}))}return e},interpolation:{escapeValue:!0,format:t=>t,prefix:"{{",suffix:"}}",formatSeparator:",",unescapePrefix:"-",nestingPrefix:"$t(",nestingSuffix:")",nestingOptionsSeparator:",",maxReplaces:1e3,skipOnVariables:!0}}),q=t=>(l(t.ns)&&(t.ns=[t.ns]),l(t.fallbackLng)&&(t.fallbackLng=[t.fallbackLng]),l(t.fallbackNS)&&(t.fallbackNS=[t.fallbackNS]),t.supportedLngs?.indexOf?.("cimode")<0&&(t.supportedLngs=t.supportedLngs.concat(["cimode"])),"boolean"==typeof t.initImmediate&&(t.initAsync=t.initImmediate),t),G=()=>{};class J extends C{constructor(){let t=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{},e=arguments.length>1?arguments[1]:void 0;var n;if(super(),this.options=q(t),this.services={},this.logger=E,this.modules={external:[]},n=this,Object.getOwnPropertyNames(Object.getPrototypeOf(n)).forEach((t=>{"function"==typeof n[t]&&(n[t]=n[t].bind(n))})),e&&!this.isInitialized&&!t.isClone){if(!this.options.initAsync)return this.init(t,e),this;setTimeout((()=>{this.init(t,e)}),0)}}init(){var t=this;let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{},n=arguments.length>1?arguments[1]:void 0;this.isInitializing=!0,"function"==typeof e&&(n=e,e={}),null==e.defaultNS&&e.ns&&(l(e.ns)?e.defaultNS=e.ns:e.ns.indexOf("translation")<0&&(e.defaultNS=e.ns[0]));const r=B();this.options={...r,...this.options,...q(e)},this.options.interpolation={...r.interpolation,...this.options.interpolation},void 0!==e.keySeparator&&(this.options.userDefinedKeySeparator=e.keySeparator),void 0!==e.nsSeparator&&(this.options.userDefinedNsSeparator=e.nsSeparator);const o=t=>t?"function"==typeof t?new t:t:null;if(!this.options.isClone){let e;this.modules.logger?E.init(o(this.modules.logger),this.options):E.init(null,this.options),e=this.modules.formatter?this.modules.formatter:K;const n=new I(this.options);this.store=new N(this.options.resources,this.options);const i=this.services;i.logger=E,i.resourceStore=this.store,i.languageUtils=n,i.pluralResolver=new M(n,{prepend:this.options.pluralSeparator,simplifyPluralSuffix:this.options.simplifyPluralSuffix}),!e||this.options.interpolation.format&&this.options.interpolation.format!==r.interpolation.format||(i.formatter=o(e),i.formatter.init(i,this.options),this.options.interpolation.format=i.formatter.format.bind(i.formatter)),i.interpolator=new _(this.options),i.utils={hasLoadedNamespace:this.hasLoadedNamespace.bind(this)},i.backendConnector=new z(o(this.modules.backend),i.resourceStore,i,this.options),i.backendConnector.on("*",(function(e){for(var n=arguments.length,r=new Array(n>1?n-1:0),o=1;o<n;o++)r[o-1]=arguments[o];t.emit(e,...r)})),this.modules.languageDetector&&(i.languageDetector=o(this.modules.languageDetector),i.languageDetector.init&&i.languageDetector.init(i,this.options.detection,this.options)),this.modules.i18nFormat&&(i.i18nFormat=o(this.modules.i18nFormat),i.i18nFormat.init&&i.i18nFormat.init(this)),this.translator=new T(this.services,this.options),this.translator.on("*",(function(e){for(var n=arguments.length,r=new Array(n>1?n-1:0),o=1;o<n;o++)r[o-1]=arguments[o];t.emit(e,...r)})),this.modules.external.forEach((t=>{t.init&&t.init(this)}))}if(this.format=this.options.interpolation.format,n||(n=G),this.options.fallbackLng&&!this.services.languageDetector&&!this.options.lng){const t=this.services.languageUtils.getFallbackCodes(this.options.fallbackLng);t.length>0&&"dev"!==t[0]&&(this.options.lng=t[0])}this.services.languageDetector||this.options.lng||this.logger.warn("init: no languageDetector is used and no lng is defined");["getResource","hasResourceBundle","getResourceBundle","getDataByLanguage"].forEach((e=>{this[e]=function(){return t.store[e](...arguments)}}));["addResource","addResources","addResourceBundle","removeResourceBundle"].forEach((e=>{this[e]=function(){return t.store[e](...arguments),t}}));const i=f(),s=()=>{const t=(t,e)=>{this.isInitializing=!1,this.isInitialized&&!this.initializedStoreOnce&&this.logger.warn("init: i18next is already initialized. You should call init just once!"),this.isInitialized=!0,this.options.isClone||this.logger.log("initialized",this.options),this.emit("initialized",this.options),i.resolve(e),n(t,e)};if(this.languages&&!this.isInitialized)return t(null,this.t.bind(this));this.changeLanguage(this.options.lng,t)};return this.options.resources||!this.options.initAsync?s():setTimeout(s,0),i}loadResources(t){let e=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:G;const n=l(t)?t:this.language;if("function"==typeof t&&(e=t),!this.options.resources||this.options.partialBundledLanguages){if("cimode"===n?.toLowerCase()&&(!this.options.preload||0===this.options.preload.length))return e();const t=[],r=e=>{if(!e)return;if("cimode"===e)return;this.services.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(e).forEach((e=>{"cimode"!==e&&t.indexOf(e)<0&&t.push(e)}))};if(n)r(n);else{this.services.languageUtils.getFallbackCodes(this.options.fallbackLng).forEach((t=>r(t)))}this.options.preload?.forEach?.((t=>r(t))),this.services.backendConnector.load(t,this.options.ns,(t=>{t||this.resolvedLanguage||!this.language||this.setResolvedLanguage(this.language),e(t)}))}else e(null)}reloadResources(t,e,n){const r=f();return"function"==typeof t&&(n=t,t=void 0),"function"==typeof e&&(n=e,e=void 0),t||(t=this.languages),e||(e=this.options.ns),n||(n=G),this.services.backendConnector.reload(t,e,(t=>{r.resolve(),n(t)})),r}use(t){if(!t)throw new Error("You are passing an undefined module! Please check the object you are passing to i18next.use()");if(!t.type)throw new Error("You are passing a wrong module! Please check the object you are passing to i18next.use()");return"backend"===t.type&&(this.modules.backend=t),("logger"===t.type||t.log&&t.warn&&t.error)&&(this.modules.logger=t),"languageDetector"===t.type&&(this.modules.languageDetector=t),"i18nFormat"===t.type&&(this.modules.i18nFormat=t),"postProcessor"===t.type&&A.addPostProcessor(t),"formatter"===t.type&&(this.modules.formatter=t),"3rdParty"===t.type&&this.modules.external.push(t),this}setResolvedLanguage(t){if(t&&this.languages&&!(["cimode","dev"].indexOf(t)>-1))for(let t=0;t<this.languages.length;t++){const e=this.languages[t];if(!(["cimode","dev"].indexOf(e)>-1)&&this.store.hasLanguageSomeTranslations(e)){this.resolvedLanguage=e;break}}}changeLanguage(t,e){var n=this;this.isLanguageChangingTo=t;const r=f();this.emit("languageChanging",t);const o=t=>{this.language=t,this.languages=this.services.languageUtils.toResolveHierarchy(t),this.resolvedLanguage=void 0,this.setResolvedLanguage(t)},i=(t,i)=>{i?(o(i),this.translator.changeLanguage(i),this.isLanguageChangingTo=void 0,this.emit("languageChanged",i),this.logger.log("languageChanged",i)):this.isLanguageChangingTo=void 0,r.resolve((function(){return n.t(...arguments)})),e&&e(t,(function(){return n.t(...arguments)}))},s=e=>{t||e||!this.services.languageDetector||(e=[]);const n=l(e)?e:this.services.languageUtils.getBestMatchFromCodes(e);n&&(this.language||o(n),this.translator.language||this.translator.changeLanguage(n),this.services.languageDetector?.cacheUserLanguage?.(n)),this.loadResources(n,(t=>{i(t,n)}))};return t||!this.services.languageDetector||this.services.languageDetector.async?!t&&this.services.languageDetector&&this.services.languageDetector.async?0===this.services.languageDetector.detect.length?this.services.languageDetector.detect().then(s):this.services.languageDetector.detect(s):s(t):s(this.services.languageDetector.detect()),r}getFixedT(t,e,n){var r=this;const 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