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aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate_change" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate_change"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Climate change</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate_change-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>19th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-European_settlements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_settlements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>European settlements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_settlements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Post–Second_World_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post–Second_World_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Post–Second World War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post–Second_World_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Ethnicity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Healthcare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Healthcare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Healthcare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Healthcare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Government and politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government and politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Symbols</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Symbols-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Symbols subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Centennial_celebrations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Centennial_celebrations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Centennial celebrations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Centennial_celebrations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Saskatchewan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 127 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-127" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">127 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B0%E1%88%B5%E1%8A%AB%E1%89%B8%E1%8B%88%E1%8A%95" title="ሰስካቸወን – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሰስካቸወን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sascatcewan" title="Sascatcewan – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Sascatcewan" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ساسكاتشوان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ساسكاتشوان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A3%DC%90%DC%A3%DC%A9%DC%90%DC%AC%DC%AB%DC%98%DC%90%DC%A2" title="ܣܐܣܩܐܬܫܘܐܢ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܣܐܣܩܐܬܫܘܐܢ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="सास्काचिवान – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="सास्काचिवान" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saska%C3%A7evan" title="Saskaçevan – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Saskaçevan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%DA%86%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ساسکاچووان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ساسکاچووان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="সাসক্যাচুয়ান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সাসক্যাচুয়ান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F)" title="Саскачэван (правінцыя) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Саскачэван (правінцыя)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Саскачэван – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Саскачэван" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Саскачеван (провинция) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Саскачеван (провинция)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Саскачеван – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Саскачеван" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewani_provints" title="Saskatchewani provints – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Saskatchewani provints" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%AC%CF%84%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B1%CE%BD" title="Σασκάτσουαν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σασκάτσουαν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saska%C4%89evano" title="Saskaĉevano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Saskaĉevano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%DA%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ساسکاچوان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ساسکاچوان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan-s%C3%A9n" title="Saskatchewan-sén – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Saskatchewan-sén" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%9C%EC%8A%A4%EC%BA%90%EC%B2%98%EC%9B%90%EC%A3%BC" title="서스캐처원주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="서스캐처원주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B9%D6%87%D5%A1%D5%B6_(%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3)" title="Սասկաչևան (նահանգ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սասկաչևան (նահանգ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8" title="सस्कैचवन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सस्कैचवन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Саскачеван – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Саскачеван" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%A6%27%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9F" title="ססקצ'ואן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ססקצ'ואן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A9%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="სასკაჩევანი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სასკაჩევანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Саскачеван – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Саскачеван" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saska%C4%8Devana" title="Saskačevana – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Saskačevana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saska%C4%8Devanas" title="Saskačevanas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Saskačevanas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_(tartom%C3%A1ny)" title="Saskatchewan (tartomány) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Saskatchewan (tartomány)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Саскачеван – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Саскачеван" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="സസ്ക്കാറ്റ്ച്ചെവാൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സസ്ക്കാറ്റ്ച്ചെവാൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="सास्काचेवान – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सास्काचेवान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A9%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="სასკაჩევანი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სასკაჩევანი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ساسكاتشوان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ساسكاتشوان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%DA%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ساسکاچوان – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ساسکاچوان" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Саскачеван – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Саскачеван" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA" title="ဆက်စကက်ချီဝမ်နယ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဆက်စကက်ချီဝမ်နယ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AB%E3%83%81%E3%83%A5%E3%83%AF%E3%83%B3%E5%B7%9E" title="サスカチュワン州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サスカチュワン州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskachevan" title="Saskachevan – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Saskachevan" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%A8" title="ਸਸਕੈਚਵਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਸਕੈਚਵਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ساسکچیوان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ساسکچیوان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sascachev%C3%A3o" title="Sascachevão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sascachevão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_pruwinsya" title="Saskatchewan pruwinsya – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Saskatchewan pruwinsya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Саскачеван – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Саскачеван" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Саскачеван – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Саскачеван" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%AA%D8%A7%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ساسڪاچيوان – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ساسڪاچيوان" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%DA%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ساسکاچوان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ساسکاچوان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Саскачеван – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Саскачеван" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="சஸ்காச்சுவான் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சஸ்காச்சுவான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Саскәчеван – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Саскәчеван" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="รัฐซัสแคตเชวัน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐซัสแคตเชวัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Саскачеван – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Саскачеван" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ساسکچیوان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ساسکچیوان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskach%C3%A9wan" title="Saskachéwan – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Saskachéwan" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_(provinsia)" title="Saskatchewan (provinsia) – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Saskatchewan (provinsia)" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sascatchewane" title="Sascatchewane – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Sascatchewane" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1%E5%AF%B8%E6%97%BA%E7%9C%81" title="沙斯卡寸旺省 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="沙斯卡寸旺省" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E6%96%AF%E5%96%80%E5%BD%BB%E6%B8%A9%E7%9C%81" title="萨斯喀彻温省 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="萨斯喀彻温省" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%98%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9F" title="סאסקאטשעוואן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="סאסקאטשעוואן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1%E5%AF%B8%E6%97%BA" title="沙斯卡寸旺 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="沙斯卡寸旺" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Saskatchewan" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saska%C4%8Devans" title="Saskačevans – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Saskačevans" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Saskatchewan&params=54_00_00_N_106_00_02_W_type:adm1st_scale:30000000_region:CA-SK"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">54°00′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">106°00′02″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">54.00000°N 106.00056°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">54.00000; -106.00056</span></span></span></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Province of Canada</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Canadian province. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Saskatchewan (disambiguation)">Saskatchewan (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Province in Canada</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Saskatchewan</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">Province</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Saskatchewan"><img alt="Flag of Saskatchewan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg/125px-Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg/188px-Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg/250px-Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="496" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Saskatchewan" title="Flag of Saskatchewan">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Saskatchewan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Saskatchewan"><img alt="Coat of arms of Saskatchewan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Coat_of_arms_of_Saskatchewan.svg/78px-Coat_of_arms_of_Saskatchewan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="78" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Coat_of_arms_of_Saskatchewan.svg/118px-Coat_of_arms_of_Saskatchewan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Coat_of_arms_of_Saskatchewan.svg/157px-Coat_of_arms_of_Saskatchewan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="556" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Saskatchewan" title="Coat of arms of Saskatchewan">Coat of arms</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Multis e Gentibus Vires</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />("From Many Peoples, Strength")</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"> <div class="" style="width:300px"><div style="position: relative; width:300px;"> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 7.9%; top: 59.4%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">BC</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 18.4%; top: 62.2%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">AB</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 27.8%; top: 67%; padding: 0;"><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SK</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 37.6%; top: 68%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">MB</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 50%; top: 71.9%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">ON</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 68.6%; top: 68%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">QC</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 79.6%; top: 76%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">NB</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 83.9%; top: 70.8%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">PE</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 86.8%; top: 77%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">NS</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 90.4%; top: 62.7%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">NL</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 8%; top: 32.5%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">YT</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 21.4%; top: 40.2%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">NT</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 39.3%; top: 42.9%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">NU</a></b></div> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saskatchewan_in_Canada_2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Canadian Provinces and Territories"><img alt="Canadian Provinces and Territories" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Saskatchewan_in_Canada_2.svg/300px-Saskatchewan_in_Canada_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Saskatchewan_in_Canada_2.svg/450px-Saskatchewan_in_Canada_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Saskatchewan_in_Canada_2.svg/600px-Saskatchewan_in_Canada_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1114" data-file-height="942" /></a></span></div></div> </div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Saskatchewan&params=54_00_00_N_106_00_02_W_type:adm1st_scale:30000000_region:CA-SK"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">54°00′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">106°00′02″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">54.00000°N 106.00056°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">54.00000; -106.00056</span></span></span></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Before confederation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/District_of_Assiniboia" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Assiniboia">District of Assiniboia</a>, <a href="/wiki/District_of_Athabasca" title="District of Athabasca">District of Athabasca</a>, <a href="/wiki/District_of_Saskatchewan" title="District of Saskatchewan">District of Saskatchewan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Confederation" title="Canadian Confederation">Confederation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">September 1, 1905 (split from <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">NWT</a>) (10th, with <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Regina,_Saskatchewan" title="Regina, Saskatchewan">Regina</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest city</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Saskatoon" title="Saskatoon">Saskatoon</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest metro</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Saskatoon_metropolitan_area" title="Saskatoon metropolitan area">Greater Saskatoon</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">Parliamentary</a> <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span class="nowrap">Lieutenant governor</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Russell_Mirasty" title="Russell Mirasty">Russell Mirasty</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Premier</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Scott_Moe" title="Scott Moe">Scott Moe</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Legislature_of_Saskatchewan" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislature of Saskatchewan">Legislature of Saskatchewan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Federal representation</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Parliament of Canada</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House seats</a></th><td class="infobox-data">14 of 338 (4.1%)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Senate seats</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Saskatchewan_senators" title="List of Saskatchewan senators">6 of 105</a> (5.7%)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">651,900 km<sup>2</sup> (251,700 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">591,670 km<sup>2</sup> (228,450 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">59,366 km<sup>2</sup> (22,921 sq mi)  9.1%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">7th</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> </th><td class="infobox-data">6.5% of Canada</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_census" title="2021 Canadian census">2021</a>)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,132,505<sup id="cite_ref-StatCan2021_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StatCan2021-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Estimate <div class="ib-settlement-fn">(Q3 2024)</div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,239,865<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">6th</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1.91/km<sup>2</sup> (4.9/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Saskatchewanian (official)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">5th</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total (2015)</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="white-space: nowrap">CA$79.415 billion</span><sup id="cite_ref-GDP2011_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDP2011-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="white-space: nowrap">CA$70,138</span> (4th)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • HDI (2019)</th><td class="infobox-data">0.921<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> — <span style="color:#090">Very high</span> (8th)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Canada" title="Time in Canada">Time zones</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Saskatchewan" title="Time in Saskatchewan">year-round in most areas</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9206:00" title="UTC−06:00">UTC−06:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_Time_Zone" title="Central Time Zone">Central</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Lloydminster" title="Lloydminster">Lloydminster</a> and nearby areas</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9207:00" title="UTC−07:00">UTC−07:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mountain_Time_Zone" title="Mountain Time Zone">Mountain</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9206:00" title="UTC−06:00">UTC−06:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mountain_Time_Zone" title="Mountain Time Zone">Mountain DST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_postal_abbreviations_for_provinces_and_territories" title="Canadian postal abbreviations for provinces and territories">Canadian postal abbr.</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">SK</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postal code prefix</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><a href="/wiki/List_of_S_Postal_Codes_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="List of S Postal Codes of Canada">S</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:CA" title="ISO 3166-2:CA">CA-SK</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Flower</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Western_red_lily" class="mw-redirect" title="Western red lily">Western red lily</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tree</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Paper_birch" class="mw-redirect" title="Paper birch">Paper birch</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Bird</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sharp-tailed_grouse" title="Sharp-tailed grouse">Sharp-tailed grouse</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below">Rankings include all <a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">provinces and territories</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Saskatchewan</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="/tʃ/: 'ch' in 'China'">tʃ</span></span>(<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>)<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/d4\/Saskatchewan.ogg\/Saskatchewan.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Saskatchewan.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d4/Saskatchewan.ogg/Saskatchewan.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Saskatchewan.ogg" title="File:Saskatchewan.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">sə-<span style="font-size:90%">SKATCH</span>-(ə-)wən</i></a>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_French" title="Canadian French">Canadian French</a>:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-CA-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[saskatʃəˈwan]</a></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">province</a> in <a href="/wiki/Western_Canada" title="Western Canada">Western Canada</a>. It is bordered on the west by <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a>, on the north by the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a>, on the east by <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a>, to the northeast by <a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a>, and to the south by the United States (<a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a>). Saskatchewan and Alberta are the only <a href="/wiki/Landlocked" class="mw-redirect" title="Landlocked">landlocked</a> provinces of Canada. In 2024, Saskatchewan's population was estimated at 1,239,865.<sup id="cite_ref-popest_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popest-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nearly 10% of Saskatchewan's total area of 651,900 km<sup>2</sup> (251,700 sq mi) is fresh water, mostly rivers, reservoirs, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_in_Saskatchewan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of lakes in Saskatchewan">lakes</a>. </p><p>Residents live primarily in the southern prairie half of the province, while the northern half is mostly forested and sparsely populated. Roughly half live in the province's largest city, <a href="/wiki/Saskatoon" title="Saskatoon">Saskatoon</a>, or the provincial capital, <a href="/wiki/Regina,_Saskatchewan" title="Regina, Saskatchewan">Regina</a>. Other notable cities include <a href="/wiki/Prince_Albert,_Saskatchewan" title="Prince Albert, Saskatchewan">Prince Albert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moose_Jaw" title="Moose Jaw">Moose Jaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yorkton" title="Yorkton">Yorkton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swift_Current" title="Swift Current">Swift Current</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Battleford" title="North Battleford">North Battleford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estevan" title="Estevan">Estevan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weyburn" title="Weyburn">Weyburn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melfort,_Saskatchewan" title="Melfort, Saskatchewan">Melfort</a>, and the border city of <a href="/wiki/Lloydminster" title="Lloydminster">Lloydminster</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-StatsCan09_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StatsCan09-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> is the primary language of the province, with 82.4% of Saskatchewanians speaking English as their <a href="/wiki/First_language" title="First language">first language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Saskatchewan has been inhabited for thousands of years by <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Canada" title="Indigenous peoples in Canada">indigenous peoples</a>. Europeans first explored the area in 1690 and first settled in the area in 1774. It became a province in 1905, carved out from the vast <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Northwest_Territories" title="History of the Northwest Territories">North-West Territories</a>, which had until then included most of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Prairies" title="Canadian Prairies">Canadian Prairies</a>. In the early 20th century, the province became known as a stronghold for Canadian social democracy; North America's <a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation" title="Co-operative Commonwealth Federation">first social-democratic government</a> was <a href="/wiki/1944_Saskatchewan_general_election" title="1944 Saskatchewan general election">elected in 1944</a>. The province's economy is based on <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mining" title="Mining">mining</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Energy_industry" title="Energy industry">energy</a>. </p><p>Saskatchewan is presently governed by Premier <a href="/wiki/Scott_Moe" title="Scott Moe">Scott Moe</a>, the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Party" title="Saskatchewan Party">Saskatchewan Party</a>, which has been in power since 2007. </p><p>In 1992, the federal and provincial governments signed a historic land claim agreement with <a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Saskatchewan" title="First Nations in Saskatchewan">First Nations in Saskatchewan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-aadnc-aandc1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aadnc-aandc1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The First Nations received compensation which they could use to buy land on the open market for the bands. They have acquired about 3,079 km<sup>2</sup> (761,000 acres; 1,189 sq mi), new reserve lands under this process. Some First Nations have used their settlement to invest in urban areas, including Regina and Saskatoon.<sup id="cite_ref-aadnc-aandc1_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aadnc-aandc1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name of the province is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_River" title="Saskatchewan River">Saskatchewan River</a>. The river is known as <span title="Cree-language text"><span lang="cr">ᑭᓯᐢᑳᒋᐘᓂ ᓰᐱᐩ</span></span> <span title="Cree-language text"><i lang="cr-Latn">kisiskāciwani-sīpiy</i></span> ("swift flowing river") in the <a href="/wiki/Cree_language" title="Cree language">Cree language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-name_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-name-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Henday" title="Anthony Henday">Anthony Henday's</a> spelling was <i>Keiskatchewan</i>, with the modern rendering, <i>Saskatchewan</i>, being officially adopted in 1882, when a portion of the present-day province was designated a <a href="/wiki/Provisional_district_of_the_North-West_Territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Provisional district of the North-West Territories">provisional district of the North-West Territories</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Saskatchewan" title="Geography of Saskatchewan">Geography of Saskatchewan</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Saskatchewan" title="List of regions of Saskatchewan">List of regions of Saskatchewan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saskatchewan_Topographic.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Saskatchewan_Topographic.png/220px-Saskatchewan_Topographic.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="389" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Saskatchewan_Topographic.png/330px-Saskatchewan_Topographic.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Saskatchewan_Topographic.png/440px-Saskatchewan_Topographic.png 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="3974" /></a><figcaption>A topographic map of Saskatchewan, showing cities, towns, rural municipality borders, and natural features.</figcaption></figure> <p>Saskatchewan is the only province without a <a href="/wiki/Natural_border" title="Natural border">natural border</a>. As its borders follow geographic lines of <a href="/wiki/Longitude" title="Longitude">longitude</a> and <a href="/wiki/Latitude" title="Latitude">latitude</a>, the province is roughly a <a href="/wiki/Quadrilateral" title="Quadrilateral">quadrilateral</a>, or a shape with four sides. However, the southern border on the <a href="/wiki/49th_parallel_north" title="49th parallel north">49th parallel</a> and the northern border on the <a href="/wiki/60th_parallel_north" title="60th parallel north">60th parallel</a> curve to the left as one proceeds east, as do all parallels in the Northern Hemisphere. Additionally, the eastern boundary of the province follows range lines and <a href="/wiki/Correction_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Correction line">correction lines</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Dominion_Land_Survey" title="Dominion Land Survey">Dominion Land Survey</a>, laid out by surveyors prior to the <i><a href="/wiki/Dominion_Lands_Act" title="Dominion Lands Act">Dominion Lands Act</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Homestead_principle" title="Homestead principle">homestead</a> program (1880–1928). </p><p>Saskatchewan is part of the western provinces and is bounded on the west by <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a>, on the north by the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a>, on the north-east by <a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a>, on the east by <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a>, and on the south by the <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. states</a> of <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a>. Saskatchewan has the distinction of being the only Canadian province for which no borders correspond to physical geographic features (i.e. they are all parallels and meridians). Along with Alberta, Saskatchewan is one of only two <a href="/wiki/Land-locked" class="mw-redirect" title="Land-locked">land-locked</a> provinces. </p><p>The overwhelming majority of Saskatchewan's population is in the southern third of the province, south of the <a href="/wiki/53rd_parallel_north" title="53rd parallel north">53rd parallel</a>. </p><p>Saskatchewan contains two major natural regions: the <a href="/wiki/Boreal_Forest_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Boreal Forest of Canada">boreal forest</a> in the north and the <a href="/wiki/Prairie" title="Prairie">prairies</a> in the south. They are separated by an <a href="/wiki/Aspen_parkland" title="Aspen parkland">aspen parkland</a> transition zone near the <a href="/wiki/North_Saskatchewan_River" title="North Saskatchewan River">North Saskatchewan River</a> on the western side of the province, and near to south of the <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_River" title="Saskatchewan River">Saskatchewan River</a> on the eastern side. Northern Saskatchewan is mostly covered by forest except for the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Athabasca_Sand_Dunes" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Athabasca Sand Dunes">Lake Athabasca Sand Dunes</a>, the largest active sand dunes in the world north of 58°, and adjacent to the southern shore of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Athabasca" title="Lake Athabasca">Lake Athabasca</a>. Southern Saskatchewan contains another area with sand dunes known as the "Great Sand Hills" covering over 300 km<sup>2</sup> (120 sq mi). The <a href="/wiki/Cypress_Hills_(Canada)" title="Cypress Hills (Canada)">Cypress Hills</a>, in the southwestern corner of Saskatchewan and Killdeer Badlands (<a href="/wiki/Grasslands_National_Park" title="Grasslands National Park">Grasslands National Park</a>), are areas of the province that were unglaciated during the last glaciation period, the <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_glaciation" title="Wisconsin glaciation">Wisconsin glaciation</a>. </p><p>The province's highest point, at 1,392 m (4,567 ft), is in the <a href="/wiki/Cypress_Hills_(Canada)" title="Cypress Hills (Canada)">Cypress Hills</a> less than 2 km (1.2 mi) from the provincial boundary with Alberta.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lowest point is the shore of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Athabasca" title="Lake Athabasca">Lake Athabasca</a>, at 213 m (699 ft). The province has 14 major <a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">drainage basins</a> made up of various rivers and watersheds draining into the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean">Arctic Ocean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Bay" title="Hudson Bay">Hudson Bay</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saskatchewan_K%C3%B6ppen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Saskatchewan_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/220px-Saskatchewan_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="468" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Saskatchewan_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/330px-Saskatchewan_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Saskatchewan_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/440px-Saskatchewan_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="1530" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate types</a> of Saskatchewan</figcaption></figure> <p>Saskatchewan receives more hours of <a href="/wiki/Sunshine" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunshine">sunshine</a> than any other Canadian province.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The province lies far from any significant body of water. This fact, combined with its northerly latitude, gives it a warm summer, corresponding to its <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen type <i>Dfb</i></a>) in the central and most of the eastern parts of the province, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Cypress_Hills_(Canada)" title="Cypress Hills (Canada)">Cypress Hills</a>; drying off to a <a href="/wiki/Semi-arid" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-arid">semi-arid</a> steppe climate (Köppen type <i>BSk</i>) in the southwestern part of the province. Drought can affect agricultural areas during long periods with little or no precipitation at all. The northern parts of Saskatchewan – from about <a href="/wiki/La_Ronge" title="La Ronge">La Ronge</a> northward – have a <a href="/wiki/Subarctic_climate" title="Subarctic climate">subarctic climate</a> (Köppen <i>Dfc</i>) with a shorter summer season. Summers can get very hot, sometimes above 38 °C (100 °F) during the day, and with humidity decreasing from northeast to southwest. Warm southern winds blow from the plains and intermontane regions of the Western United States during much of July and August, very cool or hot but changeable air masses often occur during spring and in September. Winters are usually bitterly cold, with frequent Arctic air descending from the north,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and with high temperatures not breaking −17 °C (1 °F) for weeks at a time. Warm <a href="/wiki/Chinook_winds" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinook winds">chinook winds</a> often blow from the west, bringing periods of mild weather. Annual precipitation averages 30 to 45 centimetres (12 to 18 inches) across the province, with the bulk of rain falling in June, July, and August.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Saskatchewan is one of the most <a href="/wiki/Tornado" title="Tornado">tornado</a>-active parts of <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, averaging roughly 12 to 18 tornadoes per year, some violent. In 2012, 33 tornadoes were reported in the province. The <a href="/wiki/Regina_Cyclone" title="Regina Cyclone">Regina Cyclone</a> took place in June 1912 when 28 people died in an F4 <a href="/wiki/Fujita_scale" title="Fujita scale">Fujita scale</a> tornado. Severe and non-severe thunderstorm events occur in Saskatchewan, usually from early spring to late summer. Hail, strong winds and isolated tornadoes are a common occurrence. </p><p>The hottest temperature ever recorded in Saskatchewan was in July 1937 when the temperature rose to 45 °C (113 °F) in <a href="/wiki/Midale" title="Midale">Midale</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Grass" title="Yellow Grass">Yellow Grass</a>. The coldest ever recorded in the province was −56.7 °C (−70.1 °F) in <a href="/wiki/Prince_Albert,_Saskatchewan" title="Prince Albert, Saskatchewan">Prince Albert</a>, north of Saskatoon, in February 1893. </p> <table class="cite-bracket" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;" id="cite_ref-Canadian_Climate_Normals_or_Averages_1971-2000_20-0"> <tbody><tr> <th>City </th> <th>Average maximum in July </th> <th>Average minimum in July </th> <th>Average maximum in January </th> <th>Average minimum in January </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maple_Creek,_Saskatchewan" title="Maple Creek, Saskatchewan">Maple Creek</a> </td> <td>27 °C (81 °F) </td> <td>11 °C (52 °F) </td> <td>−5 °C (23 °F) </td> <td>−16 °C (3 °F) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Estevan" title="Estevan">Estevan</a> </td> <td>27 °C (81 °F) </td> <td>13 °C (55 °F) </td> <td>−9 °C (16 °F) </td> <td>−20 °C (−4 °F) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Weyburn" title="Weyburn">Weyburn</a> </td> <td>26 °C (79 °F) </td> <td>12 °C (54 °F) </td> <td>−10 °C (14 °F) </td> <td>−21 °C (−6 °F) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Moose_Jaw" title="Moose Jaw">Moose Jaw</a> </td> <td>26 °C (79 °F) </td> <td>12 °C (54 °F) </td> <td>−8 °C (18 °F) </td> <td>−19 °C (−2 °F) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Regina,_Saskatchewan" title="Regina, Saskatchewan">Regina</a> </td> <td>26 °C (79 °F) </td> <td>11 °C (52 °F) </td> <td>−10 °C (14 °F) </td> <td>−22 °C (−8 °F) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saskatoon" title="Saskatoon">Saskatoon</a> </td> <td>25 °C (77 °F) </td> <td>11 °C (52 °F) </td> <td>−12 °C (10 °F) </td> <td>−22 °C (−8 °F) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Melville,_Saskatchewan" title="Melville, Saskatchewan">Melville</a> </td> <td>25 °C (77 °F) </td> <td>11 °C (52 °F) </td> <td>−12 °C (10 °F) </td> <td>−23 °C (−9 °F) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Swift_Current" title="Swift Current">Swift Current</a> </td> <td>25 °C (77 °F) </td> <td>11 °C (52 °F) </td> <td>−7 °C (19 °F) </td> <td>−17 °C (1 °F) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Humboldt,_Saskatchewan" title="Humboldt, Saskatchewan">Humboldt</a> </td> <td>24 °C (75 °F) </td> <td>11 °C (52 °F) </td> <td>−12 °C (10 °F) </td> <td>−23 °C (−9 °F) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Melfort,_Saskatchewan" title="Melfort, Saskatchewan">Melfort</a> </td> <td>24 °C (75 °F) </td> <td>11 °C (52 °F) </td> <td>−14 °C (7 °F) </td> <td>−23 °C (−9 °F) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Battleford" title="North Battleford">North Battleford</a> </td> <td>24 °C (75 °F) </td> <td>11 °C (52 °F) </td> <td>−12 °C (10 °F) </td> <td>−22 °C (−8 °F) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yorkton" title="Yorkton">Yorkton</a> </td> <td>24 °C (75 °F) </td> <td>11 °C (52 °F) </td> <td>−13 °C (9 °F) </td> <td>−23 °C (−9 °F) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lloydminster" title="Lloydminster">Lloydminster</a> </td> <td>23 °C (73 °F) </td> <td>11 °C (52 °F) </td> <td>−10 °C (14 °F) </td> <td>−19 °C (−2 °F) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prince_Albert,_Saskatchewan" title="Prince Albert, Saskatchewan">Prince Albert</a> </td> <td>24 °C (75 °F) </td> <td>11 °C (52 °F) </td> <td>−13 °C (9 °F) </td> <td>−25 °C (−13 °F) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Climate_change">Climate change</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Climate change"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Saskatchewan" title="Climate change in Saskatchewan">Climate change in Saskatchewan</a></div> <p>The effects of <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Saskatchewan" title="Climate change in Saskatchewan">climate change in Saskatchewan</a> are now being observed in parts of the province. There is evidence of reduction of <a href="/wiki/Biomass_(ecology)" title="Biomass (ecology)">biomass</a> in Saskatchewan's <a href="/wiki/Boreal_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Boreal forests">boreal forests</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (as with those of other <a href="/wiki/Prairie_provinces" class="mw-redirect" title="Prairie provinces">Canadian prairie provinces</a>) is linked by researchers to drought-related water stress, stemming from <a href="/wiki/Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming">global warming</a>, most likely caused by <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions" title="Greenhouse gas emissions">greenhouse gas emissions</a>. While studies as early as 1988 (Williams, et al., 1988) have shown climate change will affect agriculture,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the effects can be mitigated through adaptations of <a href="/wiki/Cultivars" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultivars">cultivars</a>, or crops, is less clear. <a href="/wiki/Resilience_(ecology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Resilience (ecology)">Resiliency</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ecosystem" title="Ecosystem">ecosystems</a> may decline with large changes in temperature.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The provincial government has responded to the threat of climate change by introducing a plan to reduce <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas" title="Greenhouse gas">carbon emissions</a>, "The Saskatchewan Energy and Climate Change Plan", in June 2007. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Saskatchewan" title="History of Saskatchewan">History of Saskatchewan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_Kelsey_sees_the_buffalo_on_the_western_plains.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Henry_Kelsey_sees_the_buffalo_on_the_western_plains.jpg/170px-Henry_Kelsey_sees_the_buffalo_on_the_western_plains.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Henry_Kelsey_sees_the_buffalo_on_the_western_plains.jpg/255px-Henry_Kelsey_sees_the_buffalo_on_the_western_plains.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Henry_Kelsey_sees_the_buffalo_on_the_western_plains.jpg/340px-Henry_Kelsey_sees_the_buffalo_on_the_western_plains.jpg 2x" data-file-width="464" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Charles_William_Jefferys" title="Charles William Jefferys">Charles William Jefferys</a>'s 20th century illustration of <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kelsey" title="Henry Kelsey">Henry Kelsey</a> observing a herd of <a href="/wiki/American_bison" title="American bison">bison</a> on the western plains. </figcaption></figure> <p>Saskatchewan has been populated by various <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous peoples of North America">indigenous peoples of North America</a>, including members of the <a href="/wiki/Sarcee_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarcee people">Sarcee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niitsitapi" class="mw-redirect" title="Niitsitapi">Niitsitapi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gros_Ventre_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Gros Ventre people">Atsina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cree" title="Cree">Cree</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saulteaux" title="Saulteaux">Saulteaux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assiniboine_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Assiniboine people">Assiniboine</a> (Nakoda), and <a href="/wiki/Sioux" title="Sioux">Sioux</a>. </p><p>The first known European to enter Saskatchewan was <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kelsey" title="Henry Kelsey">Henry Kelsey</a> from England in 1690, who travelled up the Saskatchewan River in hopes of trading fur with the region's indigenous peoples. <a href="/wiki/Fort_La_Jonqui%C3%A8re" title="Fort La Jonquière">Fort La Jonquière</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fort_de_la_Corne" title="Fort de la Corne">Fort de la Corne</a> were first established in 1751 and 1753 by early French explorers and traders. The first permanent European settlement was a <a href="/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_Company" title="Hudson's Bay Company">Hudson's Bay Company</a> post at <a href="/wiki/Cumberland_House,_Saskatchewan" title="Cumberland House, Saskatchewan">Cumberland House</a>, founded in 1774 by <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hearne" title="Samuel Hearne">Samuel Hearne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The southern part of the province was part of <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_Spain)" title="Louisiana (New Spain)">Spanish Louisiana</a> from 1762 until 1802.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1803, the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase" title="Louisiana Purchase">Louisiana Purchase</a> transferred from France to the United States part of what is now <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a> and Saskatchewan. In 1818, the U.S. ceded the area to Britain. Most of what is now Saskatchewan was part of <a href="/wiki/Rupert%27s_Land" title="Rupert's Land">Rupert's Land</a> and controlled by the Hudson's Bay Company, which claimed rights to all watersheds flowing into <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Bay" title="Hudson Bay">Hudson Bay</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_River" title="Saskatchewan River">Saskatchewan River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Churchill_River_(Hudson_Bay)" title="Churchill River (Hudson Bay)">Churchill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assiniboine_River" title="Assiniboine River">Assiniboine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Souris_River" title="Souris River">Souris</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Qu%27Appelle_River" title="Qu'Appelle River">Qu'Appelle River</a> systems. </p><p>In the late 1850s and early 1860s, scientific expeditions led by <a href="/wiki/John_Palliser" title="John Palliser">John Palliser</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Youle_Hind" title="Henry Youle Hind">Henry Youle Hind</a> explored the prairie region of the province. </p><p>In 1870, Canada acquired the Hudson's Bay Company's territories and formed the <a href="/wiki/North-West_Territories" class="mw-redirect" title="North-West Territories">North-West Territories</a> to administer the vast territory between <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a>. The Crown also entered into a series of <a href="/wiki/Numbered_Treaties" title="Numbered Treaties">numbered treaties</a> with the indigenous peoples of the area, which serve as the basis of the relationship between <a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a>, as they are called today, and the Crown. Since the late twentieth century, land losses and inequities as a result of those treaties have been subject to negotiation for settlement between the <a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Saskatchewan" title="First Nations in Saskatchewan">First Nations in Saskatchewan</a> and the federal government, in collaboration with provincial governments. </p><p>In 1876, following their defeat of United States Army forces at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Little_Bighorn" title="Battle of the Little Bighorn">Battle of the Little Bighorn</a> in <a href="/wiki/Montana_Territory" title="Montana Territory">Montana Territory</a> in the United States, the <a href="/wiki/Lakota_people" title="Lakota people">Lakota</a> Chief <a href="/wiki/Sitting_Bull" title="Sitting Bull">Sitting Bull</a> led several thousand of his people to <a href="/wiki/Wood_Mountain,_Saskatchewan" title="Wood Mountain, Saskatchewan">Wood Mountain</a>. Survivors and descendants founded Wood Mountain Reserve in 1914. </p><p>The North-West Mounted Police set up several posts and forts across Saskatchewan, including <a href="/wiki/Fort_Walsh" title="Fort Walsh">Fort Walsh</a> in the Cypress Hills, and <a href="/wiki/Wood_Mountain_Regional_Park" title="Wood Mountain Regional Park">Wood Mountain</a> Post in south-central Saskatchewan near the United States border. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Batoche_Print_by_Seargent_Grundy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Battle_of_Batoche_Print_by_Seargent_Grundy.jpg/220px-Battle_of_Batoche_Print_by_Seargent_Grundy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Battle_of_Batoche_Print_by_Seargent_Grundy.jpg/330px-Battle_of_Batoche_Print_by_Seargent_Grundy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Battle_of_Batoche_Print_by_Seargent_Grundy.jpg/440px-Battle_of_Batoche_Print_by_Seargent_Grundy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1083" /></a><figcaption>The 1885 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Batoche" title="Battle of Batoche">Battle of Batoche</a> was a battle during the <a href="/wiki/North-West_Rebellion" title="North-West Rebellion">North-West Rebellion</a>. 1885 illustration by Sergeant Grundy</figcaption></figure> <p>Many <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis_(people)" class="mw-redirect" title="Métis (people)">Métis</a> people, who had not been signatories to a treaty, had moved to the <a href="/wiki/Southbranch_Settlement" title="Southbranch Settlement">Southbranch Settlement</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prince_Albert,_Saskatchewan" title="Prince Albert, Saskatchewan">Prince Albert</a> district north of present-day Saskatoon following the <a href="/wiki/Red_River_Rebellion" title="Red River Rebellion">Red River Rebellion</a> in Manitoba in 1870. In the early 1880s, the Canadian government refused to hear the Métis' grievances, which stemmed from land-use issues. Finally, in 1885, the Métis, led by <a href="/wiki/Louis_Riel" title="Louis Riel">Louis Riel</a>, staged the <a href="/wiki/North-West_Rebellion" title="North-West Rebellion">North-West Rebellion</a> and declared a provisional government. They were defeated by a Canadian militia brought to the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_prairies" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian prairies">Canadian prairies</a> by the new Canadian Pacific Railway. Riel, who surrendered and was convicted of treason in a packed Regina courtroom, was hanged on November 16, 1885. Since then, the government has recognized the Métis as an aboriginal people with status rights and provided them with various benefits. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="European_settlements">European settlements</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: European settlements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The national policy set by the federal government, the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Pacific_Railway" title="Canadian Pacific Railway">Canadian Pacific Railway</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_Company" title="Hudson's Bay Company">Hudson's Bay Company</a> and associated land companies encouraged immigration. The <i><a href="/wiki/Dominion_Lands_Act" title="Dominion Lands Act">Dominion Lands Act</a></i> of 1872 permitted settlers to acquire one-quarter of a square mile of land to homestead and offered an additional quarter upon establishing a homestead. In 1874, the North-West Mounted Police began providing police services. In 1876, the <i>North-West Territories Act</i> provided for appointment, by the Ottawa, of a Lieutenant Governor and a Council to assist him.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ad_to_attract_Immigrants_to_wheat_belt_in_1898.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Ad_to_attract_Immigrants_to_wheat_belt_in_1898.jpg/220px-Ad_to_attract_Immigrants_to_wheat_belt_in_1898.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Ad_to_attract_Immigrants_to_wheat_belt_in_1898.jpg/330px-Ad_to_attract_Immigrants_to_wheat_belt_in_1898.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Ad_to_attract_Immigrants_to_wheat_belt_in_1898.jpg/440px-Ad_to_attract_Immigrants_to_wheat_belt_in_1898.jpg 2x" data-file-width="546" data-file-height="453" /></a><figcaption>An ad to attract immigrants to <a href="/wiki/Western_Canada" title="Western Canada">Western Canada</a>, 1898</figcaption></figure> <p>Highly optimistic advertising campaigns promoted the benefits of prairie living. Potential immigrants read leaflets that described Canada as a favourable place to live and downplayed the need for agricultural expertise. Ads in <i>The Nor'-West Farmer</i> by the Commissioner of Immigration implied that western land held water, wood, gold, silver, iron, copper, and cheap coal for fuel, all of which were readily at hand. The reality was far harsher, especially for the first arrivals who lived in <a href="/wiki/Sod_house" title="Sod house">sod houses</a>. However eastern money poured in and by 1913, long term mortgage loans to Saskatchewan farmers had reached $65 million.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The dominant groups comprised British settlers from eastern Canada and Britain, who comprised about half of the population during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. They played the leading role in establishing the basic institutions of plains society, economy and government.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gender roles were sharply defined. Men were primarily responsible for breaking the land; planting and harvesting; building the house; buying, operating and repairing machinery; and handling finances. At first, there were many single men on the prairie, or husbands whose wives were still back east, but they had a hard time. They realized the need for a wife. In 1901, there were 19,200 families, but this surged to 150,300 families only 15 years later. Wives played a central role in settlement of the prairie region. Their labour, skills, and ability to adapt to the harsh environment proved decisive in meeting the challenges. They prepared bannock, beans and bacon, mended clothes, raised children, cleaned, tended the garden, helped at harvest time and nursed everyone back to health. While prevailing patriarchal attitudes, legislation, and economic principles obscured women's contributions, the flexibility exhibited by farm women in performing productive and nonproductive labour was critical to the survival of family farms, and thus to the success of the wheat economy.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Banquet_celebrating_new_province_of_Saskatchewan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Banquet_celebrating_new_province_of_Saskatchewan.jpg/220px-Banquet_celebrating_new_province_of_Saskatchewan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Banquet_celebrating_new_province_of_Saskatchewan.jpg/330px-Banquet_celebrating_new_province_of_Saskatchewan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Banquet_celebrating_new_province_of_Saskatchewan.jpg/440px-Banquet_celebrating_new_province_of_Saskatchewan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="736" data-file-height="591" /></a><figcaption>A banquet being held to commemorate the creation of Saskatchewan, 1905</figcaption></figure> <p>On September 1, 1905, Saskatchewan became a province, with inauguration day held on September 4. Its political leaders at the time proclaimed its destiny was to become Canada's most powerful province. Saskatchewan embarked on an ambitious province-building program based on its Anglo-Canadian culture and wheat production for the export market. Population quintupled from 91,000 in 1901 to 492,000 in 1911, thanks to heavy immigration of farmers from Ukraine, U.S., Germany and Scandinavia. Efforts were made to assimilate the newcomers to British Canadian culture and values.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1905 provincial elections, Liberals won 16 of 25 seats in Saskatchewan. The Saskatchewan government bought out Bell Telephone Company in 1909, with the government owning the long-distance lines and left local service to small companies organized at the municipal level.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Premier Walter Scott preferred government assistance to outright ownership because he thought enterprises worked better if citizens had a stake in running them; he set up the Saskatchewan Cooperative Elevator Company in 1911. Despite pressure from farm groups for direct government involvement in the grain handling business, the Scott government opted to loan money to a farmer-owned elevator company. Saskatchewan in 1909 provided bond guarantees to railway companies for the construction of branch lines, alleviating the concerns of farmers who had trouble getting their wheat to market by waggon.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Grain_Growers_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Saskatchewan Grain Growers Association">Saskatchewan Grain Growers Association</a>, was the dominant political force in the province until the 1920s; it had close ties with the governing Liberal party. In 1913, the Saskatchewan Stock Growers Association was established with three goals: to watch over legislation; to forward the interests of the stock growers in every honourable and legitimate way; and to suggest to parliament legislation to meet changing conditions and requirements.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maury_Geography_073A_Saskatchewan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Maury_Geography_073A_Saskatchewan.jpg/220px-Maury_Geography_073A_Saskatchewan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Maury_Geography_073A_Saskatchewan.jpg/330px-Maury_Geography_073A_Saskatchewan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Maury_Geography_073A_Saskatchewan.jpg/440px-Maury_Geography_073A_Saskatchewan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="630" /></a><figcaption>Farmers at work in 1907. The introduction of <a href="/wiki/Marquis_wheat" title="Marquis wheat">Marquis wheat</a> saw wheat output soar in the province.</figcaption></figure> <p>Immigration peaked in 1910, and in spite of the initial difficulties of frontier life – distance from towns, sod homes, and backbreaking labour – new settlers established a European-Canadian style of prosperous <a href="/wiki/Agrarian_society" title="Agrarian society">agrarian society</a>. The long-term prosperity of the province depended on the world price of grain, which headed steadily upward from the 1880s to 1920, then plunged down. Wheat output was increased by new strains, such as the "<a href="/wiki/Marquis_wheat" title="Marquis wheat">Marquis wheat</a>" strain which matured 8 days sooner and yielded 7 more bushels per acre (0.72 m<sup>3</sup>/ha) than the previous standard, "<a href="/wiki/Red_Fife" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Fife">Red Fife</a>". The national output of wheat soared from 8 million <a href="/wiki/Imperial_bushel" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial bushel">imperial bushels</a> (290,000 m<sup>3</sup>) in 1896, to 26<span style="margin-left:0.2em">×<span style="margin-left:0.1em">10</span></span><s style="display:none">^</s><sup>6</sup> imp bu (950,000 m<sup>3</sup>) in 1901, reaching 151<span style="margin-left:0.2em">×<span style="margin-left:0.1em">10</span></span><s style="display:none">^</s><sup>6</sup> imp bu (5,500,000 m<sup>3</sup>) by 1921.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Urban reform movements in Regina were based on support from business and professional groups. City planning, reform of local government, and municipal ownership of utilities were more widely supported by these two groups, often through such organizations as the Board of Trade. Church-related and other altruistic organizations generally supported social welfare and housing reforms; these groups were generally less successful in getting their own reforms enacted.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The province responded to the First World War in 1914 with patriotic enthusiasm and enjoyed the resultant economic boom for farms and cities alike. Emotional and intellectual support for the war emerged from the politics of Canadian national identity, the rural myth, and social gospel progressivism The Church of England was especially supportive. However, there was strong hostility toward German-Canadian farmers.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recent Ukrainian immigrants were enemy aliens because of their citizenship in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. A small fraction were <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Canadian_internment" title="Ukrainian Canadian internment">taken to internment camps.</a> Most of the internees were unskilled unemployed labourers who were imprisoned "because they were destitute, not because they were disloyal".<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hawker-Eaton-InternmentCamp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Hawker-Eaton-InternmentCamp.jpg/220px-Hawker-Eaton-InternmentCamp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Hawker-Eaton-InternmentCamp.jpg/330px-Hawker-Eaton-InternmentCamp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Hawker-Eaton-InternmentCamp.jpg/440px-Hawker-Eaton-InternmentCamp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>A memorial stone for <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Canadian_internment" title="Ukrainian Canadian internment">Ukrainian Canadians interned</a> during the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Railway_Museum" title="Saskatchewan Railway Museum">Saskatchewan Railway Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The price of wheat tripled and acreage seeded doubled. The wartime spirit of sacrifice intensified social reform movements that had predated the war and now came to fruition. Saskatchewan gave women the right to vote in 1916 and at the end of 1916 passed a referendum to prohibit the sale of alcohol. </p><p>In the late 1920s, the <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan_in_Canada" title="Ku Klux Klan in Canada">Ku Klux Klan</a>, imported from the United States and Ontario, gained brief popularity in nativist circles in Saskatchewan and Alberta. The Klan, briefly allied with the provincial Conservative party because of their mutual dislike for Premier <a href="/wiki/James_G._Gardiner" class="mw-redirect" title="James G. Gardiner">James G. "Jimmy" Gardiner</a> and his Liberals (who ferociously fought the Klan), enjoyed about two years of prominence. It declined and disappeared, subject to widespread political and media opposition, plus internal scandals involving the use of the organization's funds. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Post–Second_World_War"><span id="Post.E2.80.93Second_World_War"></span>Post–Second World War</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Post–Second World War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1970, the first annual <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Western_Agribition" title="Canadian Western Agribition">Canadian Western Agribition</a> was held in Regina. This farm-industry trade show, with its strong emphasis on livestock, is rated as one of the five top livestock shows in North America, along with those in <a href="/wiki/Houston,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Houston, Texas">Houston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denver,_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="Denver, Colorado">Denver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky">Louisville</a> and <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Queen_and_burmese.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Queen_and_burmese.jpg/220px-Queen_and_burmese.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Queen_and_burmese.jpg/330px-Queen_and_burmese.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Queen_and_burmese.jpg/440px-Queen_and_burmese.jpg 2x" data-file-width="463" data-file-height="274" /></a><figcaption>An equestrian statue of <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> in <a href="/wiki/Regina,_Saskatchewan" title="Regina, Saskatchewan">Regina</a>. The statue was unveiled by the Queen in 2005.</figcaption></figure> <p>The province celebrated the 75th anniversary of its establishment in 1980, with <a href="/wiki/Princess_Margaret,_Countess_of_Snowdon" title="Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon">Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon</a>, presiding over the official ceremonies.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2005, 25 years later, her sister, Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a>, attended the events held to mark Saskatchewan's centennial.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the late 20th century, First Nations have become more politically active in seeking justice for past inequities, especially related to the taking of indigenous lands by various governments. The federal and provincial governments have negotiated on numerous land claims, and developed a program of "Treaty Land Entitlement", enabling First Nations to buy land to be taken into reserves with money from settlements of claims. </p> <blockquote><p>"In 1992, the federal and provincial governments signed an historic land claim agreement with Saskatchewan First Nations. Under the Agreement, the First Nations received money to buy land on the open market. As a result, about 761,000 acres have been turned into reserve land and many First Nations continue to invest their settlement dollars in urban areas", including Saskatoon. The money from such settlements has enabled First Nations to invest in businesses and other economic infrastructure.<sup id="cite_ref-aadnc-aandc1_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aadnc-aandc1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In June 2021, a graveyard containing the remains of 751 unidentified people was found at the former <a href="/wiki/Marieval_Indian_Residential_School" title="Marieval Indian Residential School">Marieval Indian Residential School</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Indian_residential_school_system" title="Canadian Indian residential school system">Canadian Indian residential school system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Saskatchewan" title="Demographics of Saskatchewan">Demographics of Saskatchewan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canada_Saskatchewan_Density_2016.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Canada_Saskatchewan_Density_2016.png/220px-Canada_Saskatchewan_Density_2016.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="366" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Canada_Saskatchewan_Density_2016.png/330px-Canada_Saskatchewan_Density_2016.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Canada_Saskatchewan_Density_2016.png/440px-Canada_Saskatchewan_Density_2016.png 2x" data-file-width="5228" data-file-height="8690" /></a><figcaption>Population density of Saskatchewan</figcaption></figure> <div style="text-align: center;"> <dl><dt>Saskatchewan census statistics</dt></dl> <div style="display: inline-grid;"> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:#d8d8d8; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 932.64236482217px; border-left-color:#a0a0a0"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#a0a0a0"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#a0a0a0"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 61.713047639714px; border-left-color:#3183d6"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#3183d6"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#3183d6"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 50.163620075652px; border-left-color:#f90000"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#f90000"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#f90000"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Languages of Saskatchewan (2016):<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#f90000; color:black;"> </span> English (82.4%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#3183d6; color:black;"> </span> French (1.4%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#a0a0a0; color:black;"> </span> Other language (14.5%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#d8d8d8; color:black;"> </span> Multiple (1.7%)</div> </div> </div></div> </div> <div style="display: inline-grid;"> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 15915.284869129px; border-left-color:#000000"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#000000"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#000000"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 3978.035783976px; border-left-color:#3183d6"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#3183d6"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#3183d6"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 248.00703903113px; border-left-color:#a50f15"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#a50f15"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#a50f15"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 54.160055732929px; border-left-color:#a0a0a0"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#a0a0a0"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#a0a0a0"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:91.775462568398px 39.714789063478px 0 0; border-top-color:#d8d8d8"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#d8d8d8"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Indigenous and visible minority identity (2021):<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#d8d8d8; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/European_Canadians" title="European Canadians">European Canadian</a> (68.5%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#a0a0a0; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Visible_minority" title="Visible minority">Visible minority</a> (14.4%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#a50f15; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a> (11.0%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#3183d6; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis" title="Métis">Métis</a> (5.7%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#000000; color:white;"> </span> Other Indigenous (0.3%)</div> </div> </div></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnicity">Ethnicity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Ethnicity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_census" title="2011 Canadian census">2011 Canadian census</a>, the largest <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">ethnic group</a> in Saskatchewan is <a href="/wiki/German_people" class="mw-redirect" title="German people">German</a> (28.6%), followed by <a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English</a> (24.9%), <a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scottish</a> (18.9%), <a href="/wiki/Canadian_ethnicity" title="Canadian ethnicity">Canadian</a> (18.8%), <a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish</a> (15.5%), <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian people">Ukrainian</a> (13.5%), <a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">French</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fransaskois" title="Fransaskois">Fransaskois</a>) (12.2%), <a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a> (12.1%), <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian people">Norwegian</a> (6.9%), and <a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Polish</a> (5.8%).<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of the <a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_census" title="2021 Canadian census">2021 Canadian census</a>, the ten most spoken languages in the province included <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> (1,094,785 or 99.24%), <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> (52,065 or 4.72%), <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a> (36,125 or 3.27%), <a href="/wiki/Cree_language" title="Cree language">Cree</a> (24,850 or 2.25%), <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> (15,745 or 1.43%), <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a> (13,310 or 1.21%), <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> (11,815 or 1.07%), <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a> (11,590 or 1.05%), <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> (11,185 or 1.01%), and <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a> (10,795 or 0.98%).<sup id="cite_ref-language2021_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-language2021-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The question on knowledge of languages allows for multiple responses. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_census" title="2021 Canadian census">2021 census</a>, religious groups in Saskatchewan included:<sup id="cite_ref-2021censusB_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021censusB-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Canada" title="Christianity in Canada">Christianity</a> (621,250 persons or 56.3%) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholics">Catholics</a> at 265,530 persons, <a href="/wiki/Lutherans" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutherans">Lutherans</a> at 46,980 persons, and <a href="/wiki/Anglicans" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglicans">Anglicans</a> at 36,415 persons.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Canada" title="Irreligion in Canada">Irreligion</a> (403,960 persons or 36.6%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Canada" title="Islam in Canada">Islam</a> (25,455 persons or 2.3%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythologies_of_the_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythologies of the indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous Spirituality</a> (16,300 persons or 1.5%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Canada" title="Hinduism in Canada">Hinduism</a> (14,150 persons or 1.3%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Canada" title="Sikhism in Canada">Sikhism</a> (9,040 persons or 0.8%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Canada" title="Buddhism in Canada">Buddhism</a> (4,410 persons or 0.4%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaism_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Judaism in Canada">Judaism</a> (1,105 persons or 0.1%)</li> <li>Other (7,540 persons or 0.7%)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Saskatchewan" title="Economy of Saskatchewan">Economy of Saskatchewan</a></div> <p>Historically, Saskatchewan's economy was primarily associated with <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a>, with wheat being the precious symbol on the province's flag. Increasing diversification has resulted in agriculture, <a href="/wiki/Forestry" title="Forestry">forestry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">fishing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">hunting</a> only making up 8.9% of the province's GDP in 2018. Saskatchewan grows a large portion of Canada's grain.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, the production of <a href="/wiki/Rapeseed" title="Rapeseed">canola</a> surpassed the production of <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a>, which is Saskatchewan's most familiar crop and the one most often associated with the province. The total net income from farming was $3.3 billion in 2017, which was $0.9 billion less than the income in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other grains such as <a href="/wiki/Flax" title="Flax">flax</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rye" title="Rye">rye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oat" title="Oat">oats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pea" title="Pea">peas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lentil" title="Lentil">lentils</a>, canary seed, and <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a> are also produced in the province. Saskatchewan is the world's largest exporter of mustard seed.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Beef_cattle" title="Beef cattle">Beef cattle</a> production by a Canadian province is only exceeded by Alberta. In the northern part of the province, forestry is also a significant industry.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PotashCorporationOfSaskatchewanPatienceLakeMine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/PotashCorporationOfSaskatchewanPatienceLakeMine.jpg/220px-PotashCorporationOfSaskatchewanPatienceLakeMine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/PotashCorporationOfSaskatchewanPatienceLakeMine.jpg/330px-PotashCorporationOfSaskatchewanPatienceLakeMine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/PotashCorporationOfSaskatchewanPatienceLakeMine.jpg/440px-PotashCorporationOfSaskatchewanPatienceLakeMine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Nutrien" title="Nutrien">Nutrien</a> mine in <a href="/wiki/Patience_Lake" title="Patience Lake">Patience Lake</a>. The province is the world's largest exporter of <a href="/wiki/Potash" title="Potash">potash</a>.</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable floatright sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Distribution of GDP of Saskatchewan, by industry(2018)<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>% Share of GDP</th> <th>Sector </th></tr> <tr> <td>8.9 </td> <td>agriculture, forestry, fishing, hunting </td></tr> <tr> <td>14.2 </td> <td>finance, insurance, real estate, leasing </td></tr> <tr> <td>2.5 </td> <td>Professional, scientific and food services </td></tr> <tr> <td>8.14 </td> <td>construction </td></tr> <tr> <td>11.51 </td> <td>education, health, social services </td></tr> <tr> <td>1.74 </td> <td>Accommodation and food services </td></tr> <tr> <td>1.46 </td> <td>Information and cultural industries </td></tr> <tr> <td>5.96 </td> <td>government services </td></tr> <tr> <td>6.43 </td> <td>manufacturing </td></tr> <tr> <td>17.05 </td> <td>mining, quarrying, oil and gas extraction </td></tr> <tr> <td>3.87 </td> <td>other </td></tr> <tr> <td>8.05 </td> <td>transportation, communications, utilities </td></tr> <tr> <td>10.19 </td> <td>wholesale and retail trade </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Mining" title="Mining">Mining</a> is a major industry in the province, with Saskatchewan being the world's largest exporter of <a href="/wiki/Potash" title="Potash">potash</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">Oil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a> production is also a very important part of Saskatchewan's economy, although the <a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry" title="Petroleum industry">oil industry</a> is larger. Among Canadian provinces, only Alberta exceeds Saskatchewan in overall oil production.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Heavy crude is extracted in the Lloydminster-Kerrobert-Kindersley areas. Light crude is found in the Kindersley-Swift Current areas as well as the Weyburn-Estevan fields. Natural gas is found almost entirely in the western part of Saskatchewan, from the <a href="/wiki/Primrose_Lake" title="Primrose Lake">Primrose Lake</a> area through Lloydminster, Unity, Kindersley, Leader, and around Maple Creek areas.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Major companies based in Saskatchewan include <a href="/wiki/Nutrien" title="Nutrien">Nutrien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federated_Co-operatives" title="Federated Co-operatives">Federated Cooperatives Ltd.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cameco" title="Cameco">Cameco</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Major Saskatchewan-based <a href="/wiki/Crown_corporations" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown corporations">Crown corporations</a> are <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Government_Insurance" title="Saskatchewan Government Insurance">Saskatchewan Government Insurance</a> (SGI), <a href="/wiki/SaskTel" title="SaskTel">SaskTel</a>, <a href="/wiki/SaskEnergy" title="SaskEnergy">SaskEnergy</a> (the province's main supplier of natural gas), <a href="/wiki/SaskPower" title="SaskPower">SaskPower</a>, and Saskatchewan Crop Insurance Corporation (SCIC). <a href="/wiki/Bombardier_Aerospace" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombardier Aerospace">Bombardier</a> runs the NATO Flying Training Centre at 15 Wing, near <a href="/wiki/Moose_Jaw" title="Moose Jaw">Moose Jaw</a>. Bombardier was awarded a long-term contract in the late 1990s for $2.8 billion from the <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Canada" title="Politics of Canada">federal government</a> for the purchase of military aircraft and the running of the training facility. <a href="/wiki/SaskPower" title="SaskPower">SaskPower</a> since 1929 has been the principal supplier of electricity in Saskatchewan, serving more than 451,000 customers and managing $4.5 billion in assets. SaskPower is a major employer in the province with almost 2,500 permanent full-time staff in 71 communities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Saskatchewan" title="Education in Saskatchewan">Education in Saskatchewan</a></div> <p>Publicly funded elementary and secondary schools in the province are administered by <a href="/wiki/List_of_Saskatchewan_school_divisions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Saskatchewan school divisions">twenty-seven school divisions</a>. Public elementary and secondary schools either operate as <a href="/wiki/Secular_education" title="Secular education">secular</a> or as a <a href="/wiki/Separate_school" title="Separate school">separate schools</a>. Nearly all school divisions, except one operate as an English <a href="/wiki/First_language" title="First language">first language</a> school board. The Division scolaire francophone No. 310 is the only school division that operates French first language schools. In addition to elementary and secondary schools, the province is also home to several post-secondary institutions. </p><p>The first education on the prairies took place within the family groups of the First Nations and early <a href="/wiki/Fur_trade" title="Fur trade">fur trading</a> settlers. There were only a few missionary or trading post schools established in <a href="/wiki/Rupert%27s_Land" title="Rupert's Land">Rupert's Land</a> – later known as the <a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_Canada" title="Territorial evolution of Canada">North West Territories</a>. The first 76 <a href="/wiki/North-West_Territories" class="mw-redirect" title="North-West Territories">North-West Territories</a> school districts and the first Board of Education meeting formed in 1886. The pioneering boom formed <a href="/wiki/Block_Settlement" class="mw-redirect" title="Block Settlement">ethnic bloc settlements</a>. Communities were seeking education for their children similar to the schools of their homeland. <a href="/wiki/Log_cabin" title="Log cabin">Log cabins</a>, and dwellings were constructed for the assembly of the community, school, church, dances and meetings. </p><p>The prosperity of the <a href="/wiki/Roaring_Twenties" title="Roaring Twenties">Roaring Twenties</a> and the success of farmers in proving up on their homesteads helped provide funding to standardize education.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Textbooks, normal schools for educating teachers, formal school curricula and state of the art <a href="/wiki/One-room_school" title="One-room school">school house</a> <a href="/wiki/Architectural_plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Architectural plan">architectural plans</a> provided continuity throughout the province. English as the school language helped to provide economic stability because one community could communicate with another and goods could be traded and sold in a common language. The number of one-room schoolhouse districts across Saskatchewan totalled approximately 5,000 at the height of this system of education in the late 1940s.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following World War II, the transition from many one-room schoolhouses to fewer and larger consolidated modern technological town and city schools occurred as a means of ensuring technical education. School buses, highways, and family vehicles create ease and accessibility of a population shift to larger towns and cities. Combines and tractors mean the farmer could manage more than a quarter section of land, so there was a shift from <a href="/wiki/Family_farm" title="Family farm">family farms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Subsistence_crops" class="mw-redirect" title="Subsistence crops">subsistence crops</a> to <a href="/wiki/Cash_crops" class="mw-redirect" title="Cash crops">cash crops</a> grown on many sections of land. <a href="/wiki/School_vouchers" class="mw-redirect" title="School vouchers">School vouchers</a> have been newly proposed as a means of allowing competition between rural schools and making the operation of <a href="/wiki/Cooperative_school" title="Cooperative school">cooperative schools</a> practicable in rural areas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Healthcare">Healthcare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Healthcare"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_University_Hospital.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Royal_University_Hospital.jpg/220px-Royal_University_Hospital.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Royal_University_Hospital.jpg/330px-Royal_University_Hospital.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Royal_University_Hospital.jpg/440px-Royal_University_Hospital.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_University_Hospital" title="Royal University Hospital">Royal University Hospital</a> is one of <a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_Saskatchewan" title="List of hospitals in Saskatchewan">several hospitals operating in Saskatchewan</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Saskatchewan's <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Saskatchewan)" title="Ministry of Health (Saskatchewan)">Ministry of Health</a> is responsible for policy direction, sets and monitors standards, and provides funding for regional health authorities and provincial health services. Saskatchewan's health system is a <a href="/wiki/Single_payer_health_care" class="mw-redirect" title="Single payer health care">single-payer system</a>. Medical practitioners in Saskatchewan are independent contractors. They remit their accounts to the publicly funded Saskatchewan Medical Care Insurance Plan, which pays the accounts. Patients do not pay anything to their doctors or hospitals for medical care.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1944, the <a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation" title="Co-operative Commonwealth Federation">Co-operative Commonwealth Federation</a> (CCF), a left-wing agrarian and labour party, won the provincial election in Saskatchewan and formed the first socialist government in North American history. Repeatedly re-elected, the CCF campaigned in the early 1960s on the theme of <a href="/wiki/Universal_health_coverage" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal health coverage">universal health coverage</a> and, after winning the election again, implemented it, the first in Canada. However, it was fiercely opposed by the province's doctors' union, which went on a massive strike the day the new system came into effect. Supported by the Saskatchewan Chamber of Commerce, most newspapers and the right-wing Keep Our Doctors movement, the doctors' union ran an effective communications campaign portraying the universal health care system as a communist scheme that would spread disease. The strike, which had become very unpopular because of the outrageous rhetoric of some of its leaders (one of them had called for bloodshed), finally ended after a few weeks, and universal health coverage was adopted by the whole country five years later.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Government and politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Saskatchewan" title="Politics of Saskatchewan">Politics of Saskatchewan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saskatchewan_Legislative_Building_Front.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Saskatchewan_Legislative_Building_Front.JPG/220px-Saskatchewan_Legislative_Building_Front.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Saskatchewan_Legislative_Building_Front.JPG/330px-Saskatchewan_Legislative_Building_Front.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Saskatchewan_Legislative_Building_Front.JPG/440px-Saskatchewan_Legislative_Building_Front.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Legislative_Building" title="Saskatchewan Legislative Building">Saskatchewan Legislative Building</a> is the meeting place for the province's <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Saskatchewan" title="Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan">legislative assembly</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Saskatchewan has the same form of government<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as the other Canadian provinces with a <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant-Governor_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant-Governor (Canada)">lieutenant-governor</a> (who is the representative of the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Saskatchewan" title="Monarchy in Saskatchewan">King in Right of Saskatchewan</a>), <a href="/wiki/Premier" title="Premier">premier</a>, and a unicameral <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislature</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 20th century, Saskatchewan was one of Canada's more left-wing provinces, reflecting the slant of its many rural citizens which distrusted the distant capital government and which favoured a strong local government to attend to their issues. In 1944 <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Douglas" title="Tommy Douglas">Tommy Douglas</a> became premier of the first avowedly <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialist</a> regional government in North America. Most of his <a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Legislative_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Members of the Legislative Assembly">Members of the Legislative Assembly</a> (MLAs) represented rural and small-town ridings. Under his <a href="/wiki/Cooperative_Commonwealth_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Cooperative Commonwealth Federation">Cooperative Commonwealth Federation</a> government, Saskatchewan became the first province to have <a href="/wiki/Medicare_(Canada)" title="Medicare (Canada)">Medicare</a>. In 1961, Douglas left provincial politics to become the first leader of the federal <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="New Democratic Party (Canada)">New Democratic Party</a>. In the 21st century, Saskatchewan began to drift to the right-wing, generally attributed to the <a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Canada#Saskatchewan" title="Petroleum industry in Canada">province's economy shifting toward oil and gas production</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="2015 Canadian federal election">2015 federal election</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative Party of Canada</a> won ten of the province's fourteen seats, followed by the <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic Party</a> with three and the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal Party of Canada</a> with one; in the <a href="/wiki/2019_Canadian_federal_election" title="2019 Canadian federal election">2019 election</a>, the Conservatives won in all of Saskatchewan's 14 seats, sweeping their competition, and retained them all in the <a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_federal_election" title="2021 Canadian federal election">2021 election</a>. </p><p>Provincial politics in Saskatchewan is dominated by the <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">social-democratic</a> <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_New_Democratic_Party" title="Saskatchewan New Democratic Party">Saskatchewan New Democratic Party</a> and the centre-right <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Party" title="Saskatchewan Party">Saskatchewan Party</a>, with the latter holding the majority in the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Saskatchewan" title="Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan">Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan</a> since <a href="/wiki/2007_Saskatchewan_general_election" title="2007 Saskatchewan general election">2007</a>. The current <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Saskatchewan" title="Premier of Saskatchewan">Premier of Saskatchewan</a> is <a href="/wiki/Scott_Moe" title="Scott Moe">Scott Moe</a>, who took over the leadership of the Saskatchewan Party in <a href="/wiki/2018_Saskatchewan_Party_leadership_election" title="2018 Saskatchewan Party leadership election">2018</a> following the resignation of <a href="/wiki/Brad_Wall" title="Brad Wall">Brad Wall</a>. Numerous smaller political parties also run candidates in provincial elections, including the <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Saskatchewan" title="Green Party of Saskatchewan">Green Party of Saskatchewan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Party_of_Saskatchewan" title="Buffalo Party of Saskatchewan">Buffalo Party of Saskatchewan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Progress_Party" title="Saskatchewan Progress Party">Saskatchewan Progress Party</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Saskatchewan" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan">Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan</a>, but none is currently represented in the Legislative Assembly. </p><p>No <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister of Canada</a> has been born in Saskatchewan, but two (<a href="/wiki/William_Lyon_Mackenzie_King" title="William Lyon Mackenzie King">William Lyon Mackenzie King</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Diefenbaker" title="John Diefenbaker">John Diefenbaker</a>) represented the province in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons of Canada</a> during their tenures as head of government. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_rural_municipalities_in_Saskatchewan" title="List of rural municipalities in Saskatchewan">List of rural municipalities in Saskatchewan</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Saskatchewan" title="List of municipalities in Saskatchewan">List of municipalities in Saskatchewan</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saskatchewan_Municipalities.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of urban, rural and northern municipalities in Saskatchewan as of 2013" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Saskatchewan_Municipalities.png/250px-Saskatchewan_Municipalities.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="354" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Saskatchewan_Municipalities.png/375px-Saskatchewan_Municipalities.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Saskatchewan_Municipalities.png/500px-Saskatchewan_Municipalities.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="2550" /></a><figcaption>Distribution of Saskatchewan's 466 urban, 296 rural and 24 northern municipalities (2013)</figcaption></figure> <p>Below the provincial level of government, Saskatchewan is divided into urban and rural municipalities. The Government of Saskatchewan's Ministry of Municipal Relations recognizes three general types of municipalities and seven sub-types – urban municipalities (<a href="/wiki/City" title="City">cities</a>, <a href="/wiki/Town" title="Town">towns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Village" title="Village">villages</a> and <a href="/wiki/Resort_village" class="mw-redirect" title="Resort village">resort villages</a>), <a href="/wiki/Rural_municipality" title="Rural municipality">rural municipalities</a> and northern municipalities (northern towns, northern villages and northern hamlets).<sup id="cite_ref-munitypes_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-munitypes-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vast majority of the land mass of Northern Saskatchewan is within the unorganized <a href="/wiki/Northern_Saskatchewan_Administration_District" title="Northern Saskatchewan Administration District">Northern Saskatchewan Administration District</a>. Cities are formed under the provincial authority of <i>The Cities Act</i>, which was enacted in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-CityAct_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CityAct-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Towns, villages, resort villages and rural municipalities are formed under the authority of <i>The Municipalities Act</i>, enacted in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-MuniAct_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MuniAct-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The three sub-types of northern municipalities are formed under the authority of <i>The Northern Municipalities Act</i>, enacted in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-NorthMuniAct_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NorthMuniAct-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016, Saskatchewan's 774 <a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">municipalities</a> covered <span data-sort-value="7001526834017856535♠" style="display:none"></span>52.7% of the province's land mass and were home to <span data-sort-value="7001948263398254840♠" style="display:none"></span>94.8% of its population.<sup id="cite_ref-munitypes_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-munitypes-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2016StatCanSK_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2016StatCanSK-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These 774 municipalities are <a href="/wiki/Local_government" title="Local government">local government</a> "creatures of provincial jurisdiction" with <a href="/wiki/Legal_person" title="Legal person">legal personality</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-munisystem_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-munisystem-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the key purposes of Saskatchewan's municipalities are "to provide services, facilities and other things that, in the opinion of council, are necessary or desirable for all or a part of the municipality".<sup id="cite_ref-munisystem_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-munisystem-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other purposes are to: "provide good government"; "develop and maintain a safe and viable community"; "foster economic, social and environmental well-being" and "provide wise stewardship of public assets."<sup id="cite_ref-munisystem_71-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-munisystem-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Saskatchewan" title="Transportation in Saskatchewan">Transportation in Saskatchewan</a></div> <p>Transportation in Saskatchewan includes an infrastructure system of roads, highways, freeways, airports, ferries, pipelines, trails, waterways and railway systems <sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> serving a population of approximately 1,003,299 (according to 2007 estimates) inhabitants year-round.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Saskatchewan Department of Highways and Transportation estimates 80% of traffic is carried on the 5,031-kilometre principal system of highways.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:QuAppelleRiverHwy2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/QuAppelleRiverHwy2.jpg/220px-QuAppelleRiverHwy2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/QuAppelleRiverHwy2.jpg/330px-QuAppelleRiverHwy2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/QuAppelleRiverHwy2.jpg/440px-QuAppelleRiverHwy2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_2" title="Saskatchewan Highway 2">CanAm Highway</a> near <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Pound_Lake" title="Buffalo Pound Lake">Buffalo Pound Lake</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Highways_and_Infrastructure_(Saskatchewan)" title="Ministry of Highways and Infrastructure (Saskatchewan)">Ministry of Highways and Infrastructure</a> operates over 26,000 km (16,000 mi) of highways and <a href="/wiki/Dual_carriageway" title="Dual carriageway">divided highways</a>. There are also municipal roads which comprise different surfaces. Asphalt concrete pavements comprise almost 9,000 km (5,600 mi), granular pavement almost 5,000 km (3,100 mi), non structural or thin membrane surface TMS are close to 7,000 km (4,300 mi) and finally gravel highways make up over 5,600 km (3,500 mi) through the province. In the northern sector, <a href="/wiki/Ice_road" title="Ice road">ice roads</a> which can only be navigated in the winter months comprise another approximately 150 km (93 mi) of travel.<sup id="cite_ref-SHT_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHT-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2024, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Canada" title="Government of Canada">Government of Canada</a> provided Saskatchewan with a $6.1-million grant for <a href="/wiki/Shuttle_bus" title="Shuttle bus">shuttle buses</a> serving remote communities.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Saskatchewan has over 250,000 km (160,000 mi) of roads and highways, the highest length of road surface of any Canadian province.<sup id="cite_ref-raw_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-raw-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The major highways in Saskatchewan are the <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_1" title="Saskatchewan Highway 1">Trans Canada expressway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_16" title="Saskatchewan Highway 16">Yellowhead Highway</a> northern Trans Canada route, <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_11" title="Saskatchewan Highway 11">Louis Riel Trail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_2" title="Saskatchewan Highway 2">CanAm Highway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_13" title="Saskatchewan Highway 13">Red Coat Trail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_55" title="Saskatchewan Highway 55">Northern Woods and Water route</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_9" title="Saskatchewan Highway 9">Saskota travel route</a>. </p><p>The first <a href="/wiki/Canadian_transcontinental_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian transcontinental railway">Canadian transcontinental railway</a> was constructed by the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Pacific_Railway" title="Canadian Pacific Railway">Canadian Pacific Railway</a> (CPR) between 1881 and 1885.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the great east–west transcontinental railway was built, north–south connector branch lines were established. The 1920s saw the largest rise in rail line track as the CPR and <a href="/wiki/Canadian_National_Railway" title="Canadian National Railway">Canadian National Railway</a> (CNR) fell into competition to provide rail service within ten kilometres. In the 1960s there were applications for abandonment of branch lines.<sup id="cite_ref-atlas_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atlas-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today the only two passenger rail services in the province are <i><a href="/wiki/The_Canadian" title="The Canadian">The Canadian</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg%E2%80%93Churchill_train" title="Winnipeg–Churchill train">Winnipeg–Churchill train</a>, both operated by <a href="/wiki/Via_Rail" title="Via Rail">Via Rail</a>. <i>The Canadian</i> is a transcontinental service linking Toronto with Vancouver. </p><p>The main Saskatchewan waterways are the <a href="/wiki/North_Saskatchewan_River" title="North Saskatchewan River">North Saskatchewan River</a> or <a href="/wiki/South_Saskatchewan_River" title="South Saskatchewan River">South Saskatchewan River</a> routes. In total, there are 3,050 bridges maintained by the Department of Highways in Saskatchewan.<sup id="cite_ref-Bridge_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bridge-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are currently twelve ferry services operating in the province, all under the jurisdiction of the Department of Highways. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Saskatoon/John_G._Diefenbaker_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Saskatoon/John G. Diefenbaker International Airport">Saskatoon Airport</a> was initially established as part of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Air_Force" title="Royal Canadian Air Force">Royal Canadian Air Force</a> training program during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. It was renamed the John G. Diefenbaker Airport in 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-SE_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SE-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Roland J. Groome Airfield</i> is the official designation for the <a href="/wiki/Regina_International_Airport" title="Regina International Airport">Regina International Airport</a> as of 2005; the airport was established in 1930. </p><p>Airlines offering service to Saskatchewan are <a href="/wiki/Air_Canada" title="Air Canada">Air Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/WestJet_Airlines" class="mw-redirect" title="WestJet Airlines">WestJet Airlines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines" title="Delta Air Lines">Delta Air Lines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transwest_Air" class="mw-redirect" title="Transwest Air">Transwest Air</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sunwing_Airlines" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunwing Airlines">Sunwing Airlines</a>, Norcanair Airlines, La Ronge Aviation Services Ltd, La Loche Airways, Osprey Wings Ltd, Buffalo Narrows Airways Ltd, Île-à-la-Crosse Airways Ltd, Voyage Air, <a href="/wiki/Pronto_Airways" title="Pronto Airways">Pronto Airways</a>, Venture Air Ltd, Pelican Narrows Air Service, Jackson Air Services Ltd, and Northern Dene Airways Ltd.<sup id="cite_ref-service_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-service-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Canada" title="Government of Canada">Government of Canada</a> agreed to contribute $20 million for two new interchanges in <a href="/wiki/Saskatoon" title="Saskatoon">Saskatoon</a>. One of them being at the <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_219" title="Saskatchewan Highway 219">Highway 219</a>/Lorne Avenue intersection with Circle Drive, the other at the Senator Sid Buckwold Bridge (Idylwyld Freeway) and Circle Drive. This is part of the Asia-Pacific Gateway and Corridor Initiative to improve access to the CNR's intermodal freight terminal thereby increasing Asia-Pacific trade. Also, the Government of Canada will contribute $27 million to Regina to construct a CPR intermodal facility and improve infrastructure transportation to the facility from both national highway networks, <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_1" title="Saskatchewan Highway 1">Highway 1, the TransCanada Highway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Highway_11" title="Saskatchewan Highway 11">Highway 11, Louis Riel Trail</a>. This also is part of the Asia-Pacific Gateway and Corridor Initiative to improve access to the CPR terminal and increase Asia-Pacific trade.<sup id="cite_ref-Hon._Lawrence_Cannon,_M.P.,_P.C._Minister_of_transport,_infrastructure_and_communities_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hon._Lawrence_Cannon,_M.P.,_P.C._Minister_of_transport,_infrastructure_and_communities-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Saskatchewan" title="Culture of Saskatchewan">Culture of Saskatchewan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Saskatchewan#Museums" title="Tourism in Saskatchewan">Tourism in Saskatchewan § Museums</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RoyalSaskMuseum_Front.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/RoyalSaskMuseum_Front.jpg/220px-RoyalSaskMuseum_Front.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/RoyalSaskMuseum_Front.jpg/330px-RoyalSaskMuseum_Front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/RoyalSaskMuseum_Front.jpg/440px-RoyalSaskMuseum_Front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Saskatchewan_Museum" title="Royal Saskatchewan Museum">Royal Saskatchewan Museum</a> is a natural history museum based in Saskatchewan.</figcaption></figure> <p>Saskatchewan is home to a <a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Saskatchewan" title="List of museums in Saskatchewan">number of museums</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Saskatchewan_Museum" title="Royal Saskatchewan Museum">Royal Saskatchewan Museum</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Provincial_museums_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincial museums of Canada">provincial museum</a> of the province. Other museums include <a href="/wiki/Diefenbaker_House" title="Diefenbaker House">Diefenbaker House</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Evolution_of_Education_Museum" title="The Evolution of Education Museum">Evolution of Education Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Antiquities_(Saskatoon)" title="Museum of Antiquities (Saskatoon)">Museum of Antiquities</a>, the <a href="/wiki/RCMP_Heritage_Centre" title="RCMP Heritage Centre">RCMP Heritage Centre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rotary_Museum_of_Police_and_Corrections" title="Rotary Museum of Police and Corrections">Rotary Museum of Police and Corrections</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Science_Centre" title="Saskatchewan Science Centre">Saskatchewan Science Centre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Western_Development_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Saskatchewan Western Development Museum">Saskatchewan Western Development Museum</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/T.rex_Discovery_Centre" title="T.rex Discovery Centre">T.rex Discovery Centre</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art">Art</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Saskatchewan#Visual_arts" title="Culture of Saskatchewan">Culture of Saskatchewan § Visual arts</a></div> <p>The province is home to several art galleries, including <a href="/wiki/MacKenzie_Art_Gallery" title="MacKenzie Art Gallery">MacKenzie Art Gallery</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Remai_Modern" title="Remai Modern">Remai Modern</a>. The province is also home to several <a href="/wiki/Performing_arts_centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Performing arts centre">performing arts centres</a> including the <a href="/wiki/Conexus_Arts_Centre" title="Conexus Arts Centre">Conexus Arts Centre</a> in Regina, and <a href="/wiki/TCU_Place" title="TCU Place">TCU Place</a> in Saskatoon. <a href="/wiki/PAVED_Arts" title="PAVED Arts">PAVED Arts</a>, a <a href="/wiki/New_media_art" title="New media art">new media</a> <a href="/wiki/Artist-run_space" title="Artist-run space">artist-run space</a>, is also in Saskatoon. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Saskatchewan" title="Music of Saskatchewan">Music of Saskatchewan</a></div> <p>The province is presently home to several concert <a href="/wiki/Orchestra" title="Orchestra">orchestras</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Regina_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Regina Symphony Orchestra">Regina Symphony Orchestra</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Saskatoon_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Saskatoon Symphony Orchestra">Saskatoon Symphony Orchestra</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Saskatoon_Youth_Orchestra" title="Saskatoon Youth Orchestra">Saskatoon Youth Orchestra</a>. The Regina Symphony Orchestra is at the Conexus Arts Centre, while the Saskatoon performs at TCU Place. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Saskatchewan#Literature" title="Culture of Saskatchewan">Culture of Saskatchewan § Literature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Saskatchewan#Theatre" title="Culture of Saskatchewan">Culture of Saskatchewan § Theatre</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Category:Writers_from_Saskatchewan" title="Category:Writers from Saskatchewan">Category:Writers from Saskatchewan</a></div> <p>A leading writer from Saskatchewan is <a href="/wiki/W._O._Mitchell" title="W. O. Mitchell">W. O. Mitchell</a> (1914–1998), born in <a href="/wiki/Weyburn" title="Weyburn">Weyburn</a>. His best-loved novel is <i><a href="/wiki/Who_Has_Seen_the_Wind_(novel)" title="Who Has Seen the Wind (novel)">Who Has Seen the Wind</a></i> (1947), which portrays life on the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Prairies" title="Canadian Prairies">Canadian Prairies</a> and sold almost a million copies in Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-CBCbooks_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBCbooks-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a broadcaster, he is known for his radio series <a href="/wiki/Jake_and_the_Kid" title="Jake and the Kid">Jake and the Kid</a>, which aired on <a href="/wiki/CBC_Radio" title="CBC Radio">CBC Radio</a> between 1950 and 1956 and was also about life on the Prairies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Saskatchewan" title="Sport in Saskatchewan">Sport in Saskatchewan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mosaic_Stadium_Exterior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Mosaic_Stadium_Exterior.jpg/220px-Mosaic_Stadium_Exterior.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Mosaic_Stadium_Exterior.jpg/330px-Mosaic_Stadium_Exterior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Mosaic_Stadium_Exterior.jpg/440px-Mosaic_Stadium_Exterior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2540" data-file-height="1212" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mosaic_Stadium" title="Mosaic Stadium">Mosaic Stadium</a> is the home stadium for the <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Roughriders" title="Saskatchewan Roughriders">Saskatchewan Roughriders</a>, a professional <a href="/wiki/Canadian_football" title="Canadian football">Canadian football</a> team.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">Hockey</a> is the most popular sport in Saskatchewan. More than 500 <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a> (NHL) players have been born in Saskatchewan, the highest per capita output of any Canadian province, U.S. state, or <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> country.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This includes <a href="/wiki/Gordie_Howe" title="Gordie Howe">Gordie Howe</a>, dubbed "Mr. Hockey" and widely regarded as one of the greatest hockey players of all time.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some other notable NHL figures born in Saskatchewan include <a href="/wiki/Keith_Allen_(ice_hockey)" title="Keith Allen (ice hockey)">Keith Allen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bryan_Trottier" title="Bryan Trottier">Bryan Trottier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Federko" title="Bernie Federko">Bernie Federko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clark_Gillies" title="Clark Gillies">Clark Gillies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fernie_Flaman" title="Fernie Flaman">Fernie Flaman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fred_Sasakamoose" title="Fred Sasakamoose">Fred Sasakamoose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bert_Olmstead" title="Bert Olmstead">Bert Olmstead</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harry_Watson_(ice_hockey_b._1923)" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry Watson (ice hockey b. 1923)">Harry Watson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elmer_Lach" title="Elmer Lach">Elmer Lach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Max_Bentley" title="Max Bentley">Max Bentley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sid_Abel" title="Sid Abel">Sid Abel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doug_Bentley" title="Doug Bentley">Doug Bentley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Shore" title="Eddie Shore">Eddie Shore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clint_Smith" title="Clint Smith">Clint Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bryan_Hextall" title="Bryan Hextall">Bryan Hextall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Bower" title="Johnny Bower">Johnny Bower</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emile_Francis" title="Emile Francis">Emile Francis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Hall" title="Glenn Hall">Glenn Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Rayner" title="Chuck Rayner">Chuck Rayner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wendel_Clark" title="Wendel Clark">Wendel Clark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brad_McCrimmon" title="Brad McCrimmon">Brad McCrimmon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Babcock" title="Mike Babcock">Mike Babcock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Marleau" title="Patrick Marleau">Patrick Marleau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theoren_Fleury" title="Theoren Fleury">Theo Fleury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terry_Harper" title="Terry Harper">Terry Harper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wade_Redden" title="Wade Redden">Wade Redden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Propp" title="Brian Propp">Brian Propp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Getzlaf" title="Ryan Getzlaf">Ryan Getzlaf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Kunitz" title="Chris Kunitz">Chris Kunitz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Eberle" title="Jordan Eberle">Jordan Eberle</a>. A number of prominent women's hockey players and figures have come from the province as well, including <a href="/wiki/Hayley_Wickenheiser" title="Hayley Wickenheiser">Hayley Wickenheiser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colleen_Sostorics" title="Colleen Sostorics">Colleen Sostorics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gina_Kingsbury" title="Gina Kingsbury">Gina Kingsbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shannon_Miller_(ice_hockey)" title="Shannon Miller (ice hockey)">Shannon Miller</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Emily_Clark_(ice_hockey)" title="Emily Clark (ice hockey)">Emily Clark</a>. Wickenheiser was the first female skater to play full-time professional hockey in a men's league and is regarded as one of the greatest hockey players of all time.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saskatchewan does not have a professional hockey franchise, but five teams in the <a href="/wiki/Junior_ice_hockey" title="Junior ice hockey">junior</a> <a href="/wiki/Western_Hockey_League" title="Western Hockey League">Western Hockey League</a> are based in the province: the <a href="/wiki/Moose_Jaw_Warriors" title="Moose Jaw Warriors">Moose Jaw Warriors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Albert_Raiders" title="Prince Albert Raiders">Prince Albert Raiders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regina_Pats" title="Regina Pats">Regina Pats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saskatoon_Blades" title="Saskatoon Blades">Saskatoon Blades</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Swift_Current_Broncos" title="Swift Current Broncos">Swift Current Broncos</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Roughriders" title="Saskatchewan Roughriders">Saskatchewan Roughriders</a> are the province's professional <a href="/wiki/Canadian_football" title="Canadian football">Canadian football</a> team playing in the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Football_League" title="Canadian Football League">Canadian Football League</a>, and are based in Regina but popular across Saskatchewan. The team's fans are also found to congregate on game days throughout Canada, and collectively they are known as "Rider Nation". The Roughriders are one of the oldest professional sports teams and community-owned franchises in North America and have won four <a href="/wiki/Grey_Cup" title="Grey Cup">Grey Cup</a> championships. The province also boasts successful women's football teams. The <a href="/wiki/Saskatoon_Valkyries" title="Saskatoon Valkyries">Saskatoon Valkyries</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Regina_Riot_(football)" title="Regina Riot (football)">Regina Riot</a> are the only two teams to win championships in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Women%27s_Canadian_Football_League" title="Western Women's Canadian Football League">Western Women's Canadian Football League</a> since it began play in 2011. </p><p>The province is home to two other professional sports franchises. The <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Rush" title="Saskatchewan Rush">Saskatchewan Rush</a> play in the <a href="/wiki/National_Lacrosse_League" title="National Lacrosse League">National Lacrosse League</a>. In 2016, their first year after relocating from <a href="/wiki/Edmonton" title="Edmonton">Edmonton, Alberta</a>, the Rush won both their Division Title and the League Championship. In 2018, the province received a <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Elite_Basketball_League" title="Canadian Elite Basketball League">Canadian Elite Basketball League</a> franchise, the <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Rattlers" title="Saskatchewan Rattlers">Saskatchewan Rattlers</a>, which won the league's inaugural championship in 2019. The <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Heat" title="Saskatchewan Heat">Saskatchewan Heat</a> are a semi-professional team in the <a href="/wiki/National_Ringette_League" title="National Ringette League">National Ringette League</a>. The province boasts six teams in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Canadian_Baseball_League" title="Western Canadian Baseball League">Western Canadian Baseball League</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emma_Lake_area_2014-12-31_16-03-32_0039_KC_(15556369354).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Emma_Lake_area_2014-12-31_16-03-32_0039_KC_%2815556369354%29.jpg/220px-Emma_Lake_area_2014-12-31_16-03-32_0039_KC_%2815556369354%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Emma_Lake_area_2014-12-31_16-03-32_0039_KC_%2815556369354%29.jpg/330px-Emma_Lake_area_2014-12-31_16-03-32_0039_KC_%2815556369354%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Emma_Lake_area_2014-12-31_16-03-32_0039_KC_%2815556369354%29.jpg/440px-Emma_Lake_area_2014-12-31_16-03-32_0039_KC_%2815556369354%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Pond_hockey" title="Pond hockey">pond hockey</a> rink set up on <a href="/wiki/Emma_Lake_(Saskatchewan)" title="Emma Lake (Saskatchewan)">Emma Lake</a></figcaption></figure><p>Curling is the province's official sport and, historically, Saskatchewan has been one of the strongest <a href="/wiki/Curling" title="Curling">curling</a> provinces.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Teams from Saskatchewan have won seven <a href="/wiki/Montana%27s_Brier" class="mw-redirect" title="Montana's Brier">Canadian men's championships</a>, five <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Men%27s_Curling_Champions" title="List of World Men's Curling Champions">world men's championships</a>, thirteen <a href="/wiki/Scotties_Tournament_of_Hearts" title="Scotties Tournament of Hearts">Canadian women's championships</a>, and four <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Women%27s_Curling_Champions" title="List of World Women's Curling Champions">world women's championships</a>. Notable curlers from Saskatchewan include <a href="/wiki/Ernie_Richardson_(curler)" title="Ernie Richardson (curler)">Ernie Richardson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joyce_McKee" title="Joyce McKee">Joyce McKee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vera_Pezer" title="Vera Pezer">Vera Pezer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rick_Folk" title="Rick Folk">Rick Folk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sandra_Schmirler" title="Sandra Schmirler">Sandra Schmirler</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ben_Hebert" title="Ben Hebert">Ben Hebert</a>. In a 2019 poll conducted by <a href="/wiki/The_Sports_Network" title="The Sports Network">The Sports Network</a> (TSN), experts ranked Schmirler's Saskatchewan team, which won the gold medal at the <a href="/wiki/Curling_at_the_1998_Winter_Olympics" title="Curling at the 1998 Winter Olympics">1998 Olympics</a>, as the greatest women's team in Canada's history.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Sports teams in Saskatchewan </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Team</th> <th>City</th> <th>League </th> <th>Since </th> <th>Stadium/arena </th> <th>Capacity </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Roughriders" title="Saskatchewan Roughriders">Saskatchewan Roughriders</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Regina,_Saskatchewan" title="Regina, Saskatchewan">Regina</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Football_League" title="Canadian Football League">Canadian Football League</a> </td> <td>1910 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mosaic_Stadium" title="Mosaic Stadium">Mosaic Stadium</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">33,350 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Rush" title="Saskatchewan Rush">Saskatchewan Rush</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saskatoon" title="Saskatoon">Saskatoon</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Lacrosse_League" title="National Lacrosse League">National Lacrosse League</a> </td> <td>2016 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SaskTel_Centre" title="SaskTel Centre">SaskTel Centre</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">15,100 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Rattlers" title="Saskatchewan Rattlers">Saskatchewan Rattlers</a> </td> <td>Saskatoon </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Elite_Basketball_League" title="Canadian Elite Basketball League">Canadian Elite Basketball League</a> </td> <td>2019 </td> <td>SaskTel Centre </td> <td style="text-align: right">15,100 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Regina_Pats" title="Regina Pats">Regina Pats</a> </td> <td>Regina </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Hockey_League" title="Canadian Hockey League">Canadian Hockey League</a> </td> <td>1917 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brandt_Centre" title="Brandt Centre">Brandt Centre</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">6,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saskatoon_Blades" title="Saskatoon Blades">Saskatoon Blades</a> </td> <td>Saskatoon </td> <td>Canadian Hockey League </td> <td>1966 </td> <td>SaskTel Centre </td> <td style="text-align: right">15,100 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Swift_Current_Broncos" title="Swift Current Broncos">Swift Current Broncos</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Swift_Current" title="Swift Current">Swift Current</a> </td> <td>Canadian Hockey League </td> <td>1967 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Innovation_Credit_Union_iPlex" class="mw-redirect" title="Innovation Credit Union iPlex">Innovation Credit Union iPlex</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">2,879 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prince_Albert_Raiders" title="Prince Albert Raiders">Prince Albert Raiders</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prince_Albert,_Saskatchewan" title="Prince Albert, Saskatchewan">Prince Albert</a></td> <td>Canadian Hockey League </td> <td>1982 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Art_Hauser_Centre" title="Art Hauser Centre">Art Hauser Centre</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">2,580 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Moose_Jaw_Warriors" title="Moose Jaw Warriors">Moose Jaw Warriors</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Moose_Jaw" title="Moose Jaw">Moose Jaw</a></td> <td>Canadian Hockey League </td> <td>1984 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mosaic_Place" title="Mosaic Place">Mosaic Place</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">4,414 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saskatoon_Valkyries" title="Saskatoon Valkyries">Saskatoon Valkyries</a> </td> <td>Saskatoon </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Western_Women%27s_Canadian_Football_League" title="Western Women's Canadian Football League">Western Women's Canadian Football League</a> </td> <td>2010 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saskatoon_Minor_Football_Field" title="Saskatoon Minor Football Field">Saskatoon Minor Football Field</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">5,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Regina_Riot_(football)" title="Regina Riot (football)">Regina Riot</a> </td> <td>Regina </td> <td>Western Women's Canadian Football League </td> <td>2010 </td> <td>Leibel Field </td> <td style="text-align: right">1,200 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symbols">Symbols</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Symbols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Saskatchewan" title="Symbols of Saskatchewan">Symbols of Saskatchewan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tartan_of_Saskatchewan.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Thread count: black 1 green 6 brown 11 gold 26 red 2 yellow 1 red 2 gold 26 brown 11 green 6 black 1 white 2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Tartan_of_Saskatchewan.png/170px-Tartan_of_Saskatchewan.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Tartan_of_Saskatchewan.png/255px-Tartan_of_Saskatchewan.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Tartan_of_Saskatchewan.png/340px-Tartan_of_Saskatchewan.png 2x" data-file-width="588" data-file-height="588" /></a><figcaption>The official tartan of Saskatchewan, created in 1961</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Saskatchewan" title="Flag of Saskatchewan">flag of Saskatchewan</a> was officially adopted on September 22, 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The flag features the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Saskatchewan" title="Coat of arms of Saskatchewan">provincial shield</a> in the upper quarter nearest the staff, with the <a href="/wiki/Floral_emblem" class="mw-redirect" title="Floral emblem">floral emblem</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lilium_philadelphicum" title="Lilium philadelphicum">Prairie Lily</a>, in the fly. The upper green (in <a href="/wiki/Forest_green" title="Forest green">forest green</a>) half of the flag represents the northern Saskatchewan forest lands, while the golden lower half of the flag symbolizes the southern wheat fields and prairies. A province-wide competition was held to design the flag, and drew over 4,000 entries. The winning design was by Anthony Drake, then living in <a href="/wiki/Hodgeville,_Saskatchewan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hodgeville, Saskatchewan">Hodgeville</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2005, Saskatchewan Environment held a province-wide vote to recognize Saskatchewan's centennial year, receiving more than 10,000 online and mail-in votes from the public. The <a href="/wiki/Walleye" title="Walleye">walleye</a> was the overwhelming favourite of the six native fish species nominated for the designation, receiving more than half the votes cast.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other species in the running were the <a href="/wiki/Lake_sturgeon" title="Lake sturgeon">lake sturgeon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lake_trout" title="Lake trout">lake trout</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lake_whitefish" title="Lake whitefish">lake whitefish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_pike" title="Northern pike">northern pike</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yellow_perch" title="Yellow perch">yellow perch</a>. </p><p>Saskatchewan's other symbols include the tartan, the licence plate, and the provincial flower. Saskatchewan's official <a href="/wiki/Tartan" title="Tartan">tartan</a> was registered with the Court of <a href="/wiki/Lord_Lyon_King_of_Arms" title="Lord Lyon King of Arms">Lord Lyon King of Arms</a> in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> in 1961. It has seven colours: gold, brown, green, red, yellow, white and black. The provincial licence plates display the slogan "Land of Living Skies". The provincial flower of Saskatchewan is the <a href="/wiki/Western_red_lily" class="mw-redirect" title="Western red lily">western red lily</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Centennial_celebrations">Centennial celebrations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Centennial celebrations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2005, Saskatchewan celebrated its centennial. To honour it, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mint" title="Royal Canadian Mint">Royal Canadian Mint</a> issued a commemorative five-dollar coin depicting Canada's wheat fields as well as a circulation <a href="/wiki/Quarter_(Canadian_coin)" title="Quarter (Canadian coin)">25-cent coin</a> of a similar design. Queen Elizabeth II and <a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Philip">Prince Philip</a> visited <a href="/wiki/Regina,_Saskatchewan" title="Regina, Saskatchewan">Regina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saskatoon" title="Saskatoon">Saskatoon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lumsden,_Saskatchewan" title="Lumsden, Saskatchewan">Lumsden</a>, and the Saskatchewan-reared <a href="/wiki/Joni_Mitchell" title="Joni Mitchell">Joni Mitchell</a> issued an album in Saskatchewan's honour. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/25px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/37px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/50px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="343" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Saskatchewan" title="Time in Saskatchewan">Time in Saskatchewan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Saskatchewan" title="Outline of Saskatchewan">Outline of Saskatchewan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Saskatchewan-related_articles" title="Index of Saskatchewan-related articles">Index of Saskatchewan-related articles</a><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The remaining <span data-sort-value="7000517366017451600♠" style="display:none"></span>5.2% of Saskatchewan's population resides on <a href="/wiki/Indian_reserve" title="Indian reserve">Indian reserves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_settlement" title="Indian settlement">Indian settlements</a>, the vast unincorporated portions of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Saskatchewan_Administration_District" title="Northern Saskatchewan Administration District">Northern Saskatchewan Administration District</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prince_Albert_National_Park" title="Prince Albert National Park">Prince Albert National Park</a>. Together, they occupy the remaining <span data-sort-value="7001473165982143464♠" style="display:none"></span>47.3% of the province's land mass.<sup id="cite_ref-2016StatCanSK_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2016StatCanSK-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150317120951/http://www.gov.sk.ca/Default.aspx?DN=47dfeff1-17ae-49b9-a024-9e76764fd153">"Emblems of Saskatchewan"</a>. Government of Saskatchewan. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.sk.ca/Default.aspx?DN=47dfeff1-17ae-49b9-a024-9e76764fd153">the original</a> on March 17, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Emblems+of+Saskatchewan&rft.pub=Government+of+Saskatchewan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.sk.ca%2FDefault.aspx%3FDN%3D47dfeff1-17ae-49b9-a024-9e76764fd153&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=HAWKP">"Saskatchewan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GeoBase_(geospatial_data)#Geographical_Names_Data_Base" title="GeoBase (geospatial data)">Geographical Names Data Base</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Canada" title="Natural Resources Canada">Natural Resources Canada</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Saskatchewan&rft.btitle=Geographical+Names+Data+Base&rft.pub=Natural+Resources+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgeonames.nrcan.gc.ca%2Fsearch-place-names%2Funique%3Fid%3DHAWKP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-StatCan2021-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-StatCan2021_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000101">"Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Statistics_Canada" title="Statistics Canada">Statistics Canada</a>. February 9, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220209134802/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000101">Archived</a> from the original on February 9, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 9,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+and+dwelling+counts%3A+Canada%2C+provinces+and+territories&rft.pub=Statistics+Canada&rft.date=2022-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww150.statcan.gc.ca%2Ft1%2Ftbl1%2Fen%2Ftv.action%3Fpid%3D9810000101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1710000901">"Population estimates, quarterly"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Statistics_Canada" title="Statistics Canada">Statistics Canada</a>. September 27, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230928010937/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1710000901">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 28,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+estimates%2C+quarterly&rft.pub=Statistics+Canada&rft.date=2023-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww150.statcan.gc.ca%2Ft1%2Ftbl1%2Fen%2Ftv.action%3Fpid%3D1710000901&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Saskatchewanian</i> is the prevalent demonym, and is <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110807071307/http://www.gov.sk.ca/Default.aspx?DN=ec59e326-4224-4f8d-ab8c-907089fe1094&c=all&q=Saskatchewanians">used by the Government of Saskatchewan</a>. According to the <i>Oxford Guide to Canadian English Usage</i> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-541619-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-541619-8">0-19-541619-8</a>; p. 335), <i>Saskatchewaner</i> is also in use.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010214715/https://slmc.uottawa.ca/?q=english_french_legal">"The legal context of Canada's official languages"</a>. University of Ottawa. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://slmc.uottawa.ca/?q=english_french_legal">the original</a> on October 10, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 7,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+legal+context+of+Canada%27s+official+languages&rft.pub=University+of+Ottawa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fslmc.uottawa.ca%2F%3Fq%3Denglish_french_legal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GDP2011-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GDP2011_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/econ15-eng.htm">"Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, by province and territory (2015)"</a>. Statistics Canada. November 9, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120919211233/http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/econ15-eng.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 19, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gross+domestic+product%2C+expenditure-based%2C+by+province+and+territory+%282015%29&rft.pub=Statistics+Canada&rft.date=2016-11-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statcan.gc.ca%2Ftables-tableaux%2Fsum-som%2Fl01%2Fcst01%2Fecon15-eng.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/CAN/?levels=1%2B4&interpolation=1&extrapolation=0&nearest_real=0&years=2019">"Sub-national HDI – Subnational HDI – Global Data Lab"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210925115406/https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/CAN/?levels=1%2B4&interpolation=1&extrapolation=0&nearest_real=0&years=2019">Archived</a> from the original on September 25, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sub-national+HDI+%E2%80%93+Subnational+HDI+%E2%80%93+Global+Data+Lab&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobaldatalab.org%2Fshdi%2Fshdi%2FCAN%2F%3Flevels%3D1%252B4%26interpolation%3D1%26extrapolation%3D0%26nearest_real%3D0%26years%3D2019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-popest-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-popest_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1710000901">"Population estimates, quarterly1"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Statistics_Canada" title="Statistics Canada">Statistics Canada</a>. September 28, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+estimates%2C+quarterly1&rft.pub=Statistics+Canada&rft.date=2022-09-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww150.statcan.gc.ca%2Ft1%2Ftbl1%2Fen%2Ftv.action%3Fpid%3D1710000901&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-StatsCan09-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-StatsCan09_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/091223/t091223b2-eng.htm">"Statistics Canada, Quarterly demographic estimates, 2009"</a>. <i>150.statcan.gc</i>. Statcan.gc.ca. December 23, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171005135259/http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/091223/t091223b2-eng.htm">Archived</a> from the original on October 5, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 23,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=150.statcan.gc&rft.atitle=Statistics+Canada%2C+Quarterly+demographic+estimates%2C+2009&rft.date=2009-12-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statcan.gc.ca%2Fdaily-quotidien%2F091223%2Ft091223b2-eng.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Canada2017" class="citation web cs1">Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (February 8, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=47&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&SearchText=Saskatchewan&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Language&TABID=1&type=1">"Census Profile, 2016 Census – Saskatchewan [Province] and Canada [Country]"</a>. <i>www12.statcan.gc.ca</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210628033512/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E">Archived</a> from the original on June 28, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 27,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www12.statcan.gc.ca&rft.atitle=Census+Profile%2C+2016+Census+%E2%80%93+Saskatchewan+%5BProvince%5D+and+Canada+%5BCountry%5D&rft.date=2017-02-08&rft.aulast=Government+of+Canada&rft.aufirst=Statistics+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2016%2Fdp-pd%2Fprof%2Fdetails%2Fpage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26Geo1%3DPR%26Code1%3D47%26Geo2%3DPR%26Code2%3D01%26SearchText%3DSaskatchewan%26SearchType%3DBegins%26SearchPR%3D01%26B1%3DLanguage%26TABID%3D1%26type%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aadnc-aandc1-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aadnc-aandc1_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aadnc-aandc1_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aadnc-aandc1_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1312988304164">"Treaty Land Entitlement – The English River Story, Saskatchewan"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120714032629/http://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1312988304164">Archived</a> July 14, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada, accessed November 25, 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-name-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-name_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080604204017/http://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/education/prov_e.php#sk">"Government of Canada"</a>. <i>nrcan.gc</i>. 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I was appropriately dressed but am still a mild-climate West Coast Wimp, and the cold hurt me wherever it touched me; and it tried really hard to find chinks in my clothing's armor [<i><a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a></i>] to penetrate and hurt.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tbray&rft.atitle=2008%2F12%2F23%2C+Four+PM&rft.date=2008-12-23&rft.aulast=Bray&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tbray.org%2Fongoing%2FWhen%2F200x%2F2009%2F02%2F06%2F2008-12-23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071014184756/http://www.weather.com/outlook/travel/businesstraveler/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/CAXX0442?from=search">"Average Weather for Saskatoon, SK – Temperature and Precipitation"</a>. <i>Weather</i>. 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Easterbrook, <i>Farm Credit in Canada</i> 1938.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter Bush, <i>Western Challenge: The Presbyterian Church in Canada's Mission on the Prairies and North, 1885–1925.</i> (2000); Marjory Harper, "Probing the Pioneer Questionnaires: British Settlement in Saskatchewan, 1887–1914." <i>Saskatchewan History</i> 2000 52(2): 28–46. ISSN 0036-4908</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRollings-Magnusson2000" class="citation journal cs1">Rollings-Magnusson, Sandra (2000). 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User:GreenC bot/Job 18 (November 2020)">verification needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180204093454/https://www.saskatchewan.ca/government/government-data/bureau-of-statistics/economic-reports-and-statistics">"Saskatchewan Economic Review 2017"</a>. <i>Government of Saskatchewan</i>. Seventy–One: 2–4. August 2018. 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User:GreenC bot/Job 18 (November 2020)">verification needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.saskatchewan.ca/government/government-data/bureau-of-statistics/economic-reports-and-statistics#targetText=The%20Saskatchewan%20Provincial%20Economic%20Accounts,estimates%20of%20productive%20economic%20activity.">"Economic Reports and Statistics | Saskatchewan Bureau of Statistics"</a>. <i>Government of Saskatchewan</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180204093454/https://www.saskatchewan.ca/government/government-data/bureau-of-statistics/economic-reports-and-statistics#targetText=The%20Saskatchewan%20Provincial%20Economic%20Accounts,estimates%20of%20productive%20economic%20activity.">Archived</a> from the original on February 4, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.sk.ca/Default.aspx?DN=4a57f37e-88de-4da5-b6a8-411793a739d5">Oil and Gas Industry</a>" <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080929180237/http://www.gov.sk.ca/Default.aspx?DN=4a57f37e-88de-4da5-b6a8-411793a739d5">Archived</a> September 29, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved on: April 26, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Government of Saskatchewan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120805082031/http://www.ir.gov.sk.ca/Default.aspx?DN=3997,3383,3384,2936,Documents">The Saskatchewan Oil and Gas InfoMap</a>. 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Lawrence Cannon, M.P., P.C. Minister of transport, infrastructure and communities at a news conference of Council of ministers responsible for transportation and highway safety"</a>. <i>Newswire</i>. CNW Group. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newswire.ca/en/releases/archive/April2008/08/c3781.html">the original</a> on April 22, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 27,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newswire&rft.atitle=Statement+by+Hon.+Lawrence+Cannon%2C+M.P.%2C+P.C.+Minister+of+transport%2C+infrastructure+and+communities+at+a+news+conference+of+Council+of+ministers+responsible+for+transportation+and+highway+safety&rft.date=2005%2F2008&rft.aulast=Cannon&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newswire.ca%2Fen%2Freleases%2Farchive%2FApril2008%2F08%2Fc3781.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CBCbooks-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CBCbooks_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200807235003/https://www.cbc.ca/books/booksandauthors/2012/10/who-has-seen-the-wind.html">"Book Profile: Who Has Seen the Wind"</a>. CBC Radio Canada. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/books/booksandauthors/2012/10/who-has-seen-the-wind.html">the original</a> on August 7, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 26,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Book+Profile%3A+Who+Has+Seen+the+Wind&rft.pub=CBC+Radio+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fbooks%2Fbooksandauthors%2F2012%2F10%2Fwho-has-seen-the-wind.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hockey-reference.com/friv/birthplaces.cgi?country=CA&province=SK&state=">"NHL Players Born in Saskatchewan, Canada"</a>. <i>Hockey-Reference.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211220131917/https://www.hockey-reference.com/friv/birthplaces.cgi?country=CA&province=SK&state=">Archived</a> from the original on December 20, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 1,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hockey-Reference.com&rft.atitle=NHL+Players+Born+in+Saskatchewan%2C+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hockey-reference.com%2Ffriv%2Fbirthplaces.cgi%3Fcountry%3DCA%26province%3DSK%26state%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaput" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Chaput, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090208175523/http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/hockey.html">"Hockey"</a>. <i>The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 1,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hockey&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Saskatchewan&rft.aulast=Chaput&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fesask.uregina.ca%2Fentry%2Fhockey.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVollman2016" class="citation web cs1">Vollman, Rob (June 10, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nhl.com/news/numbers-say-howe-was-the-best-ever/c-280936880">"Numbers say Howe was the best ever"</a>. <i>nhl.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 10,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nhl.com&rft.atitle=Numbers+say+Howe+was+the+best+ever&rft.date=2016-06-10&rft.aulast=Vollman&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhl.com%2Fnews%2Fnumbers-say-howe-was-the-best-ever%2Fc-280936880&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurnside2017" class="citation news cs1">Burnside, Scott (January 27, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espn.com/nhl/story/_/id/18569929/wayne-gretzky-bobby-orr-mario-lemieux-say-gordie-howe-was-best-ever-played">"Wayne Gretzky, Bobby Orr and Mario Lemieux agree Gordie Howe was best ever"</a>. <i>ESPN</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 10,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ESPN&rft.atitle=Wayne+Gretzky%2C+Bobby+Orr+and+Mario+Lemieux+agree+Gordie+Howe+was+best+ever&rft.date=2017-01-27&rft.aulast=Burnside&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fnhl%2Fstory%2F_%2Fid%2F18569929%2Fwayne-gretzky-bobby-orr-mario-lemieux-say-gordie-howe-was-best-ever-played&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRutherford2019" class="citation web cs1">Rutherford, Kristina (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sportsnet.ca/hockey/nhl/hayley-wickenheiser-hall-fame-big-read/">"No Days Off"</a>. <i>Sportsnet</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 10,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sportsnet&rft.atitle=No+Days+Off&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Rutherford&rft.aufirst=Kristina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sportsnet.ca%2Fhockey%2Fnhl%2Fhayley-wickenheiser-hall-fame-big-read%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan</i>. Regina: Canadian Plains Research Centre. 2005. p. 228. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780889771758" title="Special:BookSources/9780889771758"><bdi>9780889771758</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Saskatchewan&rft.place=Regina&rft.pages=228&rft.pub=Canadian+Plains+Research+Centre&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780889771758&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tsn.ca/canada-s-greatest-curlers-schmirler-s-foursome-named-greatest-rink-of-all-time-1.1253745">"Canada's Greatest Curlers: Schmirler's foursome named greatest rink of all-time"</a>. <i>TSN</i>. February 22, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210507105431/https://www.tsn.ca/canada-s-greatest-curlers-schmirler-s-foursome-named-greatest-rink-of-all-time-1.1253745">Archived</a> from the original on May 7, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 24,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TSN&rft.atitle=Canada%27s+Greatest+Curlers%3A+Schmirler%27s+foursome+named+greatest+rink+of+all-time&rft.date=2019-02-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tsn.ca%2Fcanada-s-greatest-curlers-schmirler-s-foursome-named-greatest-rink-of-all-time-1.1253745&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDepartment_of_the_Secretary_of_State._Canada.1984" class="citation book cs1">Department of the Secretary of State. Canada. (January 1, 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eUjQ43tRWlEC"><i>The Arms, flags, and emblems of Canada</i></a>. Deneau Publishers in co-operation with the Department of the Secretary of State and the Canadian Government Publishing Centre, Supply and Services Canada. p. 59. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88879-030-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88879-030-9"><bdi>978-0-88879-030-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200819062322/https://books.google.com/books?id=eUjQ43tRWlEC">Archived</a> from the original on August 19, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arms%2C+flags%2C+and+emblems+of+Canada&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=Deneau+Publishers+in+co-operation+with+the+Department+of+the+Secretary+of+State+and+the+Canadian+Government+Publishing+Centre%2C+Supply+and+Services+Canada&rft.date=1984-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-88879-030-9&rft.au=Department+of+the+Secretary+of+State.+Canada.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeUjQ43tRWlEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1355491/Saskatchewan-flag-of">"Saskatchewan, flag of"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090618135125/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1355491/Saskatchewan-flag-of">Archived</a> from the original on June 18, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 9,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Saskatchewan%2C+flag+of&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F1355491%2FSaskatchewan-flag-of&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101125040721/http://www.gov.sk.ca/news?newsId=441487f4-810a-443d-aad9-199c0bffec5d">"Walleye Wins Vote For Saskatchewan's Fish Emblem"</a>. <i>Gov.sk</i>. Gov.sk.ca. September 30, 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.sk.ca/news?newsId=441487f4-810a-443d-aad9-199c0bffec5d">the original</a> on November 25, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 23,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gov.sk&rft.atitle=Walleye+Wins+Vote+For+Saskatchewan%27s+Fish+Emblem&rft.date=2005-09-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.sk.ca%2Fnews%3FnewsId%3D441487f4-810a-443d-aad9-199c0bffec5d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Saskatchewan#Q1989" class="extiw" title="voy:Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090217205109/http://esask.uregina.ca/browse_by_subject.html"><i>Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan</i></a></li> <li>Archer, John H. <i>Saskatchewan: A History.</i> Saskatoon: Western Producer Prairie Books, 1980. 422 pp.</li> <li>Bennett, John W. and Kohl, Seena B. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S_HALsZ5z5kC&lpg=PP1">Settling the Canadian-American West, 1890–1915</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200728160840/https://books.google.com/books?id=S_HALsZ5z5kC&lpg=PP1">Archived</a> July 28, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</i> University of Nebraska Press, 1995. 311 pp.</li> <li>Waiser, Bill. <i>Saskatchewan: A New History</i> (2006)</li> <li>Bocking, D. H., ed. <i>Pages from the Past: Essays on Saskatchewan History.</i> Saskatoon: Western Producer Prairie Books, 1979. 299 pp.</li> <li>LaPointe, Richard and Tessier, Lucille. <i>The Francophones of Saskatchewan: A History.</i> Regina: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Regina" title="University of Regina">University of Regina</a>, Campion Coll., 1988. 329 pp.</li> <li>Lipset, Seymour M. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_oosxdaj7JQC&lpg=PP1">Agrarian Socialism: The Cooperative Commonwealth Federation in Saskatchewan: A Study in Political Sociology</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200702000104/https://books.google.com/books?id=_oosxdaj7JQC&lpg=PP1">Archived</a> July 2, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</i> University of California Press, 1950.</li> <li>Martin, Robin <i>Shades of Right: Nativist and Fascist Politics in Canada, 1920–1940</i>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto_Press" title="University of Toronto Press">University of Toronto Press</a>, 1992.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPorter2008" class="citation book cs1">Porter, Jene M (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VlpVfAQekzUC&pg=PA1"><i>Perspectives of Saskatchewan</i></a>. University of Manitoba Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88755-183-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88755-183-3"><bdi>978-0-88755-183-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220407191459/https://books.google.com/books?id=VlpVfAQekzUC&pg=PA1">Archived</a> from the original on April 7, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 27,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Perspectives+of+Saskatchewan&rft.pub=University+of+Manitoba+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-88755-183-3&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=Jene+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVlpVfAQekzUC%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVeldhuis2009" class="citation book cs1">Veldhuis, Niels (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8r4MY__d2XEC&pg=PA50"><i>Saskatchewan Prosperity: Building on Success</i></a>. Fraser Institute. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220716200149/https://books.google.com/books?id=8r4MY__d2XEC&pg=PA50">Archived</a> from the original on July 16, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 27,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saskatchewan+Prosperity%3A+Building+on+Success&rft.pub=Fraser+Institute&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Veldhuis&rft.aufirst=Niels&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8r4MY__d2XEC%26pg%3DPA50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaskatchewan" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saskatchewan&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow" style="clear: both"> <b>Saskatchewan</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex mw-collapsible-content"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Saskatchewan" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Saskatchewan">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" class="extiw" title="c:Saskatchewan">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Saskatchewan" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Saskatchewan">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" class="extiw" title="q:Saskatchewan">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Saskatchewan" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Saskatchewan">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Saskatchewan" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Saskatchewan">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Saskatchewan" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Saskatchewan">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" class="extiw" title="voy:Saskatchewan">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.saskatchewan.ca/">Official website of Government of Saskatchewan</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1989#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tourismsaskatchewan.com/">Tourism Saskatchewan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070429180605/http://esask.uregina.ca/home.html">Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saskhistoryonline.ca/">Saskatchewan History Online</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Subdivisions_of_Saskatchewan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Subdivisions_of_Saskatchewan" title="Template:Subdivisions of Saskatchewan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Subdivisions_of_Saskatchewan" title="Template talk:Subdivisions of Saskatchewan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Subdivisions_of_Saskatchewan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Subdivisions of Saskatchewan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Subdivisions_of_Saskatchewan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Subdivisions of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Saskatchewan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_communities_in_Saskatchewan" title="List of communities in Saskatchewan">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Saskatchewan" title="List of regions of Saskatchewan">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_census_divisions_of_Saskatchewan" title="List of census divisions of Saskatchewan">Census divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Association_of_Rural_Municipalities" title="Saskatchewan Association of Rural Municipalities">SARM divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Saskatchewan" title="List of municipalities in Saskatchewan">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rural_municipalities_in_Saskatchewan" title="List of rural municipalities in Saskatchewan">Rural municipalities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_communities_in_Saskatchewan" title="List of communities in Saskatchewan">Communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Saskatchewan" title="List of cities in Saskatchewan">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_Saskatchewan" title="List of towns in Saskatchewan">Towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Saskatchewan" title="List of villages in Saskatchewan">Villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_resort_villages_in_Saskatchewan" title="List of resort villages in Saskatchewan">Resort villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hamlets_in_Saskatchewan" title="List of hamlets in Saskatchewan">Hamlets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_reserves_in_Saskatchewan" title="List of Indian reserves in Saskatchewan">Indian reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Saskatchewan" title="List of ghost towns in Saskatchewan">Ghost towns</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Saskatchewan" title="List of cities in Saskatchewan">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estevan" title="Estevan">Estevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flin_Flon" title="Flin Flon">Flin Flon</a> <small>(part)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humboldt,_Saskatchewan" title="Humboldt, Saskatchewan">Humboldt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloydminster" title="Lloydminster">Lloydminster</a> <small>(part)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martensville" title="Martensville">Martensville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meadow_Lake,_Saskatchewan" title="Meadow Lake, Saskatchewan">Meadow Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melfort,_Saskatchewan" title="Melfort, Saskatchewan">Melfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melville,_Saskatchewan" title="Melville, Saskatchewan">Melville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moose_Jaw" title="Moose Jaw">Moose Jaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Battleford" title="North Battleford">North Battleford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Albert,_Saskatchewan" title="Prince Albert, Saskatchewan">Prince Albert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regina,_Saskatchewan" title="Regina, Saskatchewan">Regina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saskatoon" title="Saskatoon">Saskatoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swift_Current" title="Swift Current">Swift Current</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warman,_Saskatchewan" title="Warman, Saskatchewan">Warman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weyburn" title="Weyburn">Weyburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorkton" title="Yorkton">Yorkton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Saskatchewan" title="Category:Saskatchewan">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Saskatchewan" title="Culture of Saskatchewan">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Saskatchewan" title="Economy of Saskatchewan">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Saskatchewan" title="First Nations in Saskatchewan">First Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Saskatchewan" title="Geography of Saskatchewan">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Saskatchewan" title="Politics of Saskatchewan">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Saskatchewan" title="History of Saskatchewan">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_designations_of_Saskatchewan" class="mw-redirect" title="Regional designations of Saskatchewan">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Saskatchewan" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Saskatchewan">Tourist attractions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Saskatchewan" title="Category:Saskatchewan">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Saskatchewan_topics" title="Template:Saskatchewan topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Saskatchewan_topics" title="Template talk:Saskatchewan topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Saskatchewan_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Saskatchewan topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Topics_on_Saskatchewan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Saskatchewan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="496" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Saskatchewan" title="Outline of Saskatchewan">Topics</a> on <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Saskatchewan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Saskatchewan" title="History of Saskatchewan">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Archaeological_Society" title="Saskatchewan Archaeological Society">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_Canada" title="Territorial evolution of Canada">Territorial evolution of Canada</a></li> <li><a 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Saskatchewan general elections">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Saskatchewan_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="The Saskatchewan Act">The Saskatchewan Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Saskatchewan" title="Monarchy in Saskatchewan">Monarchy in Saskatchewan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Saskatchewan_lieutenant-governors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Saskatchewan lieutenant-governors">Lieutenant Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Council_of_Saskatchewan" title="Executive Council of Saskatchewan">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Saskatchewan_premiers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Saskatchewan premiers">Premiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Saskatchewan_Leaders_of_the_Opposition" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Saskatchewan Leaders of the Opposition">Leaders of the Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Saskatchewan" title="Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan">Legislature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_federal_electoral_districts#Saskatchewan_—_14_seats" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Canadian federal electoral districts">Electoral districts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Saskatchewan" title="Geography of Saskatchewan">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Saskatchewan#National_parks" title="List of protected areas of Saskatchewan">National Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Saskatchewan#Provincial_parks" title="List of protected areas of Saskatchewan">Provincial parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Saskatchewan" title="List of rivers of Saskatchewan">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Natural_history_of_Saskatchewan" title="Category:Natural history of Saskatchewan">Natural History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Saskatchewan" title="Category:Geography of Saskatchewan">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Saskatchewan" title="Demographics of Saskatchewan">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_designations_of_Saskatchewan" class="mw-redirect" title="Regional designations of Saskatchewan">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Saskatchewan" title="Climate change in Saskatchewan">Climate change</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Saskatchewan_law" title="Category:Saskatchewan law">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeal_for_Saskatchewan" title="Court of Appeal for Saskatchewan">Court of Appeal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Queen%27s_Bench_for_Saskatchewan" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of Queen's Bench for Saskatchewan">Queen's Bench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_Court_of_Saskatchewan" title="Provincial Court of Saskatchewan">Provincial Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Law_enforcement_agencies_of_Saskatchewan" title="Category:Law enforcement agencies of Saskatchewan">Law Enforcement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Saskatchewan" title="Category:Companies based in Saskatchewan">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Saskatchewan" title="Agriculture in Saskatchewan">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Saskatchewan" title="Tourism in Saskatchewan">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Saskatchewan" title="Transportation in Saskatchewan">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Saskatchewan_provincial_highways" title="List of Saskatchewan provincial highways">Highways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Saskatchewan_railways" title="Category:Saskatchewan railways">Railways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Saskatchewan" title="List of airports in Saskatchewan">Airports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Saskatchewan" title="Category:Buildings and structures in Saskatchewan">Buildings and Structures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Saskatchewan" title="Culture of Saskatchewan">Culture of Saskatchewan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Saskatchewan" title="Culture of Saskatchewan">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Saskatchewan" title="List of people from 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title="Saskatchewan Association of Rural Municipalities">SARM Divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rural_municipalities_in_Saskatchewan" title="List of rural municipalities in Saskatchewan">Rural Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_communities_in_Saskatchewan" title="List of communities in Saskatchewan">Cities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Saskatchewan" title="Outline of Saskatchewan">General outline</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Saskatchewan" title="Category:Saskatchewan">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/25px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" 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href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_provinces_and_territories_by_gross_domestic_product" title="List of Canadian provinces and territories by gross domestic product">GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_policies_of_Canada%27s_provinces_and_territories" title="Language policies of Canada's provinces and territories">Language policies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_peaks_of_Canada" title="Mountain peaks of Canada">Peaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_and_territorial_museums_of_Canada" title="Provincial and territorial museums of Canada">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_provincial_and_territorial_name_etymologies" title="List of Canadian provincial and territorial name etymologies">Etymology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Population_of_Canada_by_province_and_territory" title="Population of Canada by province and territory">Population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Canada" title="List of regions of Canada">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_provincial_and_territorial_symbols" title="List of Canadian provincial and territorial symbols">Symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Flags of provinces and territories of Canada">Flags</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canada-related_topics_by_provinces_and_territories" title="List of Canada-related topics by provinces and territories">Topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_provinces_by_unemployment_rate" title="List of Canadian provinces by unemployment rate">Unemployment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Category:Provinces and territories of Canada">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Canada" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Canada_topics" title="Template:Canada topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Canada_topics" title="Template talk:Canada topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Canada_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Canada topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Canada" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Canada" title="History of Canada">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_Canada" title="List of years in Canada">Year list</a></b> <br />(<b><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Canadian_history" title="Timeline of Canadian history">timeline</a>)</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_indigenous_peoples_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the indigenous peoples of Canada">Indigenous peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France (1534–1763)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Canada_(1763%E2%80%931867)" title="History of Canada (1763–1867)">British Canada (1763–1867)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Confederation_Canada_(1867%E2%80%931914)" title="Post-Confederation Canada (1867–1914)">Post-Confederation (1867–1914)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_in_the_world_wars_and_interwar_period" title="Canada in the world wars and interwar period">World wars and interwar period (1914–1945)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Canada_(1945%E2%80%931960)" title="History of Canada (1945–1960)">1945–1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Canada_(1960%E2%80%931981)" title="History of Canada (1960–1981)">1960–1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Canada_(1982%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Canada (1982–present)">since 1982</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><b><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Canada#History_of_Canada" title="Outline of Canada">Topics</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_history_of_Canada" title="Constitutional history of Canada">Constitutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada_and_the_Indigenous_peoples_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada and the Indigenous peoples of Canada">Crown and Indigenous people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Canada" title="Economic history of Canada">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Canada" title="Name of Canada">Etymology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Former_colonies_and_territories_in_Canada" title="Former colonies and territories in Canada">Former colonies and territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_immigration_to_Canada" title="History of immigration to Canada">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Canadian_foreign_policy" title="History of Canadian foreign policy">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Canada" title="Military history of Canada">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_monarchy_in_Canada" title="History of monarchy in Canada">Monarchical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada" title="National Historic Sites of Canada">National Historic Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persons_of_National_Historic_Significance" title="Persons of National Historic Significance">Persons of significance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Canada" title="Racism in Canada">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_Canada" title="Territorial evolution of Canada">Territorial evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_women_in_Canada" title="History of women in Canada">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">Provinces<br />and territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal">Provinces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Saskatchewan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal">Territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">Yukon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Canada" title="Geography of Canada">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Canada" title="List of regions of Canada">Regions</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(west to east)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Canada" title="Western Canada">Western Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest" title="Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Prairies" title="Canadian Prairies">Canadian Prairies</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Canada" title="Northern Canada">Northern Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Shield" title="Canadian Shield">Canadian Shield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Canada" title="Central Canada">Central Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_region" title="Great Lakes region">Great Lakes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Canada" title="Eastern Canada">Eastern Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Canada" title="Atlantic Canada">Atlantic Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Maritimes" title="The Maritimes">The Maritimes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><b><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Canada#Geography_of_Canada" title="Outline of Canada">Topics</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Canada" title="List of cities in Canada">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Canada" title="List of earthquakes in Canada">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Canada" title="List of islands of Canada">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_peaks_of_Canada" title="Mountain peaks of Canada">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_Canada" title="National parks of Canada">National Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Canada" title="List of rivers of Canada">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Canada" title="Wildlife of Canada">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanism_of_Canada" title="Volcanism of Canada">Volcanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Canada" title="Government of Canada">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Canada" title="Law of Canada">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Canada" title="Constitution of Canada">Constitution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">Monarch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Canada" title="Governor General of Canada">Governor General</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Parliament</a> (<a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Canada" title="List of prime ministers of Canada">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_system_of_Canada" title="Court system of Canada">Courts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Canada" title="Supreme Court of Canada">Supreme Court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Armed_Forces" title="Canadian Armed Forces">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_peacekeeping" title="Canadian peacekeeping">Peacekeeping</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_government_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal government in Canada">Local government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Canada" title="Foreign relations of Canada">Foreign relations</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Politics" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><b><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Canada" title="Politics of Canada">Politics</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Canada" title="Elections in Canada">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Canada" title="Human rights in Canada">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Canada" title="Feminism in Canada">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_genocide_of_Indigenous_peoples" title="Canadian genocide of Indigenous peoples">Genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Canada" title="LGBTQ rights in Canada">LGBTQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism_in_Canada" title="Multiculturalism in Canada">Multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Canada" title="Cannabis in Canada">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firearms_regulation_in_Canada" title="Firearms regulation in Canada">Firearms regulation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Canada" title="Economy of Canada">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Canada" title="Agriculture in Canada">Agriculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dairy_farming_in_Canada" title="Dairy farming in Canada">Dairy farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floriculture_in_Canada" title="Floriculture in Canada">Floriculture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Canada" title="Banking in Canada">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">Dollar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Canada" title="Telecommunications in Canada">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Canada" title="List of companies of Canada">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Canada" title="Energy policy of Canada">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Canada" title="Fishing industry in Canada">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_reserves_in_Canada" title="Oil reserves in Canada">Oil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Canada" title="Petroleum industry in Canada">Petroleum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Stock_Exchange" title="Toronto Stock Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Canada" title="Taxation in Canada">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Canada" title="Tourism in Canada">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Canada" title="Transportation in Canada">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Canada" title="Science and technology in Canada">Science and tech</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Canada" title="Demographics of Canada">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadians" title="Canadians">Canadians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_origins_of_people_in_Canada" title="Ethnic origins of people in Canada">Ethnicity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Canada" title="Immigration to Canada">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Canada" title="Languages of Canada">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Canada" title="Religion in Canada">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_census" title="2021 Canadian census">2021 Census</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Population_of_Canada" title="Population of Canada">Population</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_census_metropolitan_areas_and_agglomerations_in_Canada" title="List of census metropolitan areas and agglomerations in Canada">Metropolitan areas and agglomerations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_population_centres_in_Canada" title="List of the largest population centres in Canada">Population centres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_municipalities_in_Canada_by_population" title="List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population">Municipalities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Canada" title="Education in Canada">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Canada" title="Higher education in Canada">Higher education</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Canada" title="Healthcare in Canada">Healthcare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Canada" title="Abortion in Canada">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthanasia_in_Canada" title="Euthanasia in Canada">Euthanasia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Canada" title="Law enforcement in Canada">Law enforcement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Canada" title="Crime in Canada">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Canada" title="Corruption in Canada">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Canada" title="Terrorism in Canada">Terrorism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Canada" title="Poverty in Canada">Poverty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Canada" title="Homelessness in Canada">Homelessness</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_programs_in_Canada" title="Social programs in Canada">Social programs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_values" title="Canadian values">Values</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Canada" title="Culture of Canada">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Canada" title="Architecture of Canada">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_art" title="Canadian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Canada" title="Cinema of Canada">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_cuisine" title="Canadian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_folklore" title="Canadian folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Canada" title="Public holidays in Canada">Holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_identity" title="Canadian identity">Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_inventions,_innovations,_and_discoveries" title="List of Canadian inventions, innovations, and discoveries">Inventions and discoveries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_literature" title="Canadian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Canada" title="Music of Canada">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_media" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian media">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Canadians" title="Lists of Canadians">Individuals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_cultural_protectionism" title="Canadian cultural protectionism">Protectionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Canada" title="Sports in Canada">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Canada" title="Theatre of Canada">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Symbols" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><b><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Canada" title="National symbols of Canada">Symbols</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/O_Canada" title="O Canada">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Canada" title="Coat of arms of Canada">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Canada" title="Flag of Canada">Flag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_flags" title="List of Canadian flags">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_provincial_and_territorial_symbols" title="List of Canadian provincial and territorial symbols">Provincial and territorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_royal_symbols" title="Canadian royal symbols">Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_heraldry" title="Canadian heraldry">Heraldic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_tartans_of_Canada" title="Regional tartans of Canada">Tartans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Canada-related_articles" title="Index of Canada-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Canada" title="Outline of Canada">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canada-related_topics_by_provinces_and_territories" title="List of Canada-related topics by provinces and territories">Topics by provinces and territories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Canada" title="Bibliography of Canada">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_Canada" title="Historiography of Canada">Historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_historians" title="List of Canadian historians">Historians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_studies" title="Canadian studies">Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_rankings_of_Canada" title="International rankings of Canada">Indices</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" 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navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1989#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1989#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000106611097">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/131264372">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39QbtfRxqdCdvyKDDMfkJTvdp">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4105365-5">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79034986">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118654963">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118654963">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Saskatchewan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge542445&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span 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