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vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Game_design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Game_design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Game design </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Game_design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Types </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Types subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arcade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arcade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Arcade </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arcade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Simulation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Simulation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Simulation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Simulation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Management </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Multi-sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Multi-sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Multi-sport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Multi-sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins_(1958–1972)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins_(1958–1972)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Origins (1958–1972) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins_(1958–1972)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ball-and-paddle_era_(1973–1975)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ball-and-paddle_era_(1973–1975)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Ball-and-paddle era (1973–1975) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ball-and-paddle_era_(1973–1975)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decline_(1976–1982)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decline_(1976–1982)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Decline (1976–1982) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decline_(1976–1982)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resurgence_(1983–1985)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resurgence_(1983–1985)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Resurgence (1983–1985) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resurgence_(1983–1985)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arcades" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arcades"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.1 Arcades </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arcades-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Homes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Homes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.2 Homes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Homes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_growth_(1986–1994)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_growth_(1986–1994)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Further growth (1986–1994) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_growth_(1986–1994)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transition_to_3D_polygons_(1994–1997)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transition_to_3D_polygons_(1994–1997)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Transition to 3D polygons (1994–1997) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transition_to_3D_polygons_(1994–1997)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extreme_sports_enter_into_the_mainstream_(1996–2001)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extreme_sports_enter_into_the_mainstream_(1996–2001)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 Extreme sports enter into the mainstream (1996–2001) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extreme_sports_enter_into_the_mainstream_(1996–2001)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports_games_become_big_business_(2002–2005)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports_games_become_big_business_(2002–2005)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8 Sports games become big business (2002–2005) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports_games_become_big_business_(2002–2005)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Motion_detection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motion_detection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.9 Motion detection </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motion_detection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sega_Activator:_IR_motion_detection_(1993–1994)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sega_Activator:_IR_motion_detection_(1993–1994)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.9.1 Sega Activator: IR motion detection (1993–1994) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sega_Activator:_IR_motion_detection_(1993–1994)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wii_Remote:_IR_motion_detection_with_accelerometry_(2006–2009)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wii_Remote:_IR_motion_detection_with_accelerometry_(2006–2009)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.9.2 Wii Remote: IR motion detection with accelerometry (2006–2009) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wii_Remote:_IR_motion_detection_with_accelerometry_(2006–2009)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports_games_today_(2010–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports_games_today_(2010–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.10 Sports games today (2010–present) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports_games_today_(2010–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Sports video game</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" > 28 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لعبة فيديو رياضية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لعبة فيديو رياضية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videojoc_esportiu" title="Videojoc esportiu – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Videojoc esportiu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sportovn%C3%AD_videohra" title="Sportovní videohra – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sportovní videohra" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sportsspil" title="Sportsspil – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sportsspil" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sportsimulation" title="Sportsimulation – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sportsimulation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videojuego_de_deportes" title="Videojuego de deportes – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Videojuego de deportes" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A6%D9%88%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B2%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="بازی ویدئویی ورزشی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بازی ویدئویی ورزشی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeu_vid%C3%A9o_de_sport" title="Jeu vidéo de sport – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jeu vidéo de sport" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%8F%AC%EC%B8%A0_%EA%B2%8C%EC%9E%84" title="스포츠 게임 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스포츠 게임" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videogioco_sportivo" title="Videogioco sportivo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Videogioco sportivo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%A7%D7%99_%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9D" title="משחקי ספורט ממוחשבים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="משחקי ספורט ממוחשבים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sporto_%C5%BEaidimas" title="Sporto žaidimas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sporto žaidimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%87" title="ڤيديو جيم رياضه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ڤيديو جيم رياضه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sportspel" title="Sportspel – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sportspel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9D%E3%83%BC%E3%83%84%E3%82%B2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0" title="スポーツゲーム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スポーツゲーム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sportsspill" title="Sportsspill – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sportsspill" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idrettsspel" title="Idrettsspel – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Idrettsspel" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputerowa_gra_sportowa" title="Komputerowa gra sportowa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Komputerowa gra sportowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jogo_eletr%C3%B4nico_de_esporte" title="Jogo eletrônico de esporte – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jogo eletrônico de esporte" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_video_game" title="Sports video game – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sports video game" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%DB%8C_%DA%A4%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%DB%86%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%B2%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="کایەی ڤیدیۆییی وەرزشی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کایەی ڤیدیۆییی وەرزشی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urheilupeli" title="Urheilupeli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Urheilupeli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sportspel" title="Sportspel – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sportspel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%88%D3%A3" title="Бозиҳои варзишӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бозиҳои варзишӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spor_oyunu" title="Spor oyunu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Spor oyunu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Спортивний симулятор – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Спортивний симулятор" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%94%E8%82%B2%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2" title="體育遊戲 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="體育遊戲" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" 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game</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Sports-simulating video game</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Esports" title="Esports">Esports</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Sports game" redirects here. For the games that are themselves sports, see <a href="/wiki/Sport" title="Sport">Sport</a>. 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.sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Sim_video_game.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Sim_video_game.svg/100px-Sim_video_game.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Sim_video_game.svg/150px-Sim_video_game.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Sim_video_game.svg/200px-Sim_video_game.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="666" data-file-height="666" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Simulation_video_game" title="Simulation video game">Simulation video games</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Video_game_genre" title="Video game genre">Subgenres</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Construction_and_management_simulation" title="Construction and management simulation">Construction and management simulation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_simulation_game" title="Business simulation game">Business simulation game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City-building_game" title="City-building game">City-building game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_simulation_game" title="Government simulation game">Government simulation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_simulation_game" title="Life simulation game">Life simulation game</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_game" title="God game">God game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_simulation_game" title="Social simulation game">Social simulation game</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dating_sim" title="Dating sim">Dating sim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eroge" title="Eroge">Eroge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bish%C5%8Djo_game" title="Bishōjo game">Bishōjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otome_game" title="Otome game">Otome</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farm_life_sim" title="Farm life sim">Farm life sim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_pet" title="Virtual pet">Virtual pet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immersive_sim" title="Immersive sim">Immersive sim</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sports game</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racing_game" title="Racing game">Racing game</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sim_racing" title="Sim racing">Sim racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kart_racing_game" title="Kart racing game">Kart racing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_game#Management/Simulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports game">Sports management game</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_video_game" title="Fishing video game">Fishing video game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_simulation_game" title="Vehicle simulation game">Vehicle simulations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flight_simulation_video_game" title="Flight simulation video game">Flight simulation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Combat_flight_simulation_game" title="Combat flight simulation game">Combat flight simulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_flight_simulation_game" title="Space flight simulation game">Space flight simulator</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_flight_simulation_game#Space_combat_game" title="Space flight simulation game">Space combat game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_flight_simulation_game#Space_trading_and_combat_game" title="Space flight simulation game">Space trading game</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_simulator" title="Submarine simulator">Submarine simulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Train_simulator" title="Train simulator">Train simulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicular_combat_game" title="Vehicular combat game">Vehicular combat game</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_video_games" title="History of video games">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_business_simulation_video_games" title="List of business simulation video games">List of business simulation video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_city-building_video_games" title="List of city-building video games">List of city-building video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_god_games" title="List of god games">List of god games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_space_flight_simulation_games" title="List of space flight simulation games">List of space flight simulation games</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Simulation_video_games" title="Template:Simulation video games"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Simulation_video_games" title="Template talk:Simulation video games"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Simulation_video_games" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Simulation video games"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> A sports video game is a <a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">video game</a> that simulates the practice of <a href="/wiki/Sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports">sports</a>. Most sports have been recreated with video games, including <a href="/wiki/Team_sport" title="Team sport">team sports</a>, <a href="/wiki/Track_and_field" title="Track and field">track and field</a>, <a href="/wiki/Extreme_sport" title="Extreme sport">extreme sports</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Combat_sport" title="Combat sport">combat sports</a>.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> Some games emphasize playing the sport (such as <a href="/wiki/EA_Sports_FC" title="EA Sports FC">EA Sports FC</a>, <a href="/wiki/EFootball" title="EFootball">eFootball</a> and <a href="/wiki/NBA_2K" title="NBA 2K">NBA 2K</a>), whilst others emphasize strategy and <a href="/wiki/Sport_management" title="Sport management">sport management</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/Football_Manager" title="Football Manager">Football Manager</a> and <a href="/wiki/Out_of_the_Park_Baseball" title="Out of the Park Baseball">Out of the Park Baseball</a>). Some, such as <a href="/wiki/Need_for_Speed" title="Need for Speed">Need for Speed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arch_Rivals" title="Arch Rivals">Arch Rivals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Punch-Out!!" title="Punch-Out!!">Punch-Out!!</a>, satirize the sport for comic effect. This genre has been popular throughout the history of video games and is competitive, just like real-world sports. A number of game series feature the names and characteristics of real teams and players, and are updated annually to reflect real-world changes. The sports genre is one of the oldest genres in gaming history.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Game_design">Game design</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sports_video_game&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Game design">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs expansion. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sports_video_game&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. (February 2009)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> Sports games involve physical and tactical challenges, and test the player's precision and accuracy.<a href="#cite_note-fundamentals-3">[3]</a> Most sports games attempt to model the athletic characteristics required by that sport, including speed, strength, acceleration, accuracy, and so on.<a href="#cite_note-fundamentals-3">[3]</a> As with their respective sports, these games take place in a stadium or arena with clear boundaries.<a href="#cite_note-fundamentals-3">[3]</a> Sports games often provide play-by-play and color commentary through the use of recorded audio.<a href="#cite_note-fundamentals-3">[3]</a> Sports games sometimes make use of different <a href="/wiki/Mode_(videogame_design)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mode (videogame design)">modes</a> for different parts of the game. This is especially true in games about <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Madden_NFL" title="Madden NFL">Madden NFL</a> series, where executing a pass play requires six different gameplay modes in the span of approximately 45 seconds.<a href="#cite_note-fundamentals-3">[3]</a> Sometimes, other sports games offer a menu where players may select a strategy while play is temporarily suspended.<a href="#cite_note-fundamentals-3">[3]</a> <a href="/wiki/Soccer" class="mw-redirect" title="Soccer">Association football</a> video games sometimes shift gameplay modes when it is time for the player to attempt a penalty kick, a free shot at goal from the penalty spot, taken by a single player.<a href="#cite_note-fundamentals-3">[3]</a> Some sports games also require players to shift roles between the athletes and the coach or manager. These mode switches are more intuitive than other game genres because they reflect actual sports.<a href="#cite_note-fundamentals-3">[3]</a> Older 2D sports games sometimes used an unrealistic graphical scale, where athletes appeared to be quite large in order to be visible to the player. As sports games have evolved, players have come to expect a realistic graphical scale with a high degree of verisimilitude.<a href="#cite_note-fundamentals-3">[3]</a> Sports games often simplify the game physics for ease of play, and ignore factors such as a player's inertia.<a href="#cite_note-fundamentals-3">[3]</a> Games typically take place with a highly accurate time-scale, although they usually allow players to play quick sessions with shorter game quarters or periods.<a href="#cite_note-fundamentals-3">[3]</a> Sports games sometimes treat button-pushes as continuous signals rather than discrete moves, in order to initiate and end a continuous action. For example, football games may distinguish between short and the long passes based on how long the player holds a button. Golf games often initiate the backswing with one button-push, and the swing itself is initiated by a subsequent push.<a href="#cite_note-fundamentals-3">[3]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sports_video_game&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Types">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Sports_video_game" title="Special:EditPage/Sports video game">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. (May 2009) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arcade">Arcade</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sports_video_game&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Arcade">edit</a>]</div> Arcade sports games have traditionally been very popular <a href="/wiki/Arcade_game" title="Arcade game">arcade games</a>. The competitive nature of sports lends itself well to the arcades where the main objective is usually to obtain a <a href="/wiki/High_score" class="mw-redirect" title="High score">high score</a>. The arcade style of play is generally more unrealistic and focuses on a quicker gameplay experience. However the competitive nature of sports and being able to gain a high score while competing against friends for free online, has made online sports games very popular. Examples of this include the <a href="/wiki/NFL_Blitz" title="NFL Blitz">NFL Blitz</a> and <a href="/wiki/NBA_Jam" title="NBA Jam">NBA Jam</a> series.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Simulation">Simulation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sports_video_game&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Simulation">edit</a>]</div> Simulation games are more realistic than arcade games, with the emphasis being more on realism than on how fun the game is to pick up and play based from the competitive seasons of each sport. The simulation-style tends to be slower and more accurate with normal rules while arcade games tend to be fast and can have all kinds of ad-hoc rules and ideas thrown in, especially pre-2000s.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Examples of this include the <a href="/wiki/EA_Sports_FC" title="EA Sports FC">EA Sports FC</a>, <a href="/wiki/NHL_(video_game_series)" title="NHL (video game series)">NHL</a>, <a href="/wiki/EA_Sports_WRC" title="EA Sports WRC">EA Sports WRC</a>, <a href="/wiki/EA_Sports_F1" class="mw-redirect" title="EA Sports F1">F1</a>, MotoGP, <a href="/wiki/EA_Sports_PGA_Tour" title="EA Sports PGA Tour">PGA Tour</a>, <a href="/wiki/PGA_Tour_2K" title="PGA Tour 2K">PGA Tour 2K</a>, <a href="/wiki/MLB_The_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="MLB The Show">MLB The Show</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madden_NFL" title="Madden NFL">Madden NFL</a>, <a href="/wiki/EA_Sports_College_Football" title="EA Sports College Football">EA Sports College Football</a> and <a href="/wiki/NBA_2K" title="NBA 2K">NBA 2K</a> series. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Management">Management</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sports_video_game&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Management">edit</a>]</div> A sports management game puts the player in the role of <a href="/wiki/Coach_(sport)" title="Coach (sport)">team manager</a>. Whereas some games are played online against other players, management games usually pit the player against <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">AI</a> controlled teams in the same <a href="/wiki/Sports_league" title="Sports league">league</a>. Players are expected to handle strategy, tactics, transfers, and financial issues. Various examples of these games can be found in the <a href="/wiki/Category:Sports_management_video_games" title="Category:Sports management video games">sports management category</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Multi-sport">Multi-sport</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sports_video_game&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Multi-sport">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Olympic_video_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic video games">Olympic video games</a></div> Since <a href="/wiki/Track_%26_Field_(video_game)" title="Track & Field (video game)">Track & Field</a> (1983), various <a href="/wiki/Multi-sport" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-sport">multi-sport</a> video games have combined multiple sports into a single game. <a href="/wiki/Wii_Sports" title="Wii Sports">Wii Sports</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Switch_Sports" title="Nintendo Switch Sports">Nintendo Switch Sports</a> are recent examples. A popular sub-genre are <a href="/wiki/Olympic_video_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic video games">Olympic video games</a>, including Track & Field and other similar titles. Multi-sport tournaments are becoming the basis for computer games. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sports_video_game&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the history of auto racing games, see <a href="/wiki/Racing_game" title="Racing game">Racing game</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For martial arts tournament games, see <a href="/wiki/Fighting_game" title="Fighting game">Fighting game</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_video_games" title="History of video games">History of video games</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_arcade_games" class="mw-redirect" title="History of arcade games">History of arcade games</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins_(1958–1972)">Origins (1958–1972)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sports_video_game&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Origins (1958–1972)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Signed_Pong_Cabinet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Signed_Pong_Cabinet.jpg/220px-Signed_Pong_Cabinet.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="361" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Signed_Pong_Cabinet.jpg/330px-Signed_Pong_Cabinet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Signed_Pong_Cabinet.jpg/440px-Signed_Pong_Cabinet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2990" data-file-height="4912" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pong" title="Pong">Pong</a> (1972) <a href="/wiki/Arcade_cabinet" title="Arcade cabinet">arcade cabinet</a></figcaption></figure> Sports video games have origins in sports <a href="/wiki/Electro-mechanical_game" title="Electro-mechanical game">electro-mechanical games</a> (EM games), which were <a href="/wiki/Arcade_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Arcade games">arcade games</a> manufactured using a mixture of electrical and mechanical components, for <a href="/wiki/Amusement_arcades" class="mw-redirect" title="Amusement arcades">amusement arcades</a> between the 1940s and 1970s. Examples include <a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">boxing</a> games such as <a href="/wiki/International_Mutoscope_Reel_Company" title="International Mutoscope Reel Company">International Mutoscope Reel Company</a>'s K.O. Champ (1955),<a href="#cite_note-Williams-7">[7]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bowling" title="Bowling">bowling</a> games such as <a href="/wiki/Bally_Manufacturing" title="Bally Manufacturing">Bally Manufacturing</a>'s Bally Bowler and <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Coin" title="Chicago Coin">Chicago Coin</a>'s Corvette from 1966, <a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">baseball</a> games such as <a href="/wiki/Midway_Manufacturing" class="mw-redirect" title="Midway Manufacturing">Midway Manufacturing</a>'s Little League (1966) and Chicago Coin's All Stars Baseball (1968),<a href="#cite_note-CB105-8">[8]</a> other <a href="/wiki/Team_sport" title="Team sport">team sport</a> games such as <a href="/wiki/Taito" title="Taito">Taito</a>'s Crown Soccer Special (1967) and Crown Basketball (1968),<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Air_hockey" title="Air hockey">air hockey</a> type games such as <a href="/wiki/Sega" title="Sega">Sega</a>'s MotoPolo (1968)<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> and Air Hockey (1972) by <a href="/wiki/Brunswick_Bowling_%26_Billiards" title="Brunswick Bowling & Billiards">Brunswick Billiards</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Brunswick_Billiards_History-12">[12]</a> The earliest sports video game dates backs to 1958, when <a href="/wiki/William_Higinbotham" title="William Higinbotham">William Higinbotham</a> created a game called <a href="/wiki/Tennis_for_Two" title="Tennis for Two">Tennis for Two</a>, a competitive <a href="/wiki/Multiplayer_video_game" title="Multiplayer video game">two-player</a> <a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">tennis</a> game played on an <a href="/wiki/Oscilloscope" title="Oscilloscope">oscilloscope</a>. The players would select the angle at which to put their racket, and pressed a button to return it. Although this game was incredibly simple, it demonstrated how an <a href="/wiki/Action_game" title="Action game">action game</a> (rather than previous puzzles) could be played on a computer.<a href="#cite_note-Ars_Technica-13">[13]</a> Video games prior to the late 1970s were primarily played on university <a href="/wiki/Mainframe_computer" title="Mainframe computer">mainframe</a> computers under <a href="/wiki/Time-sharing" title="Time-sharing">timesharing</a> systems that supported multiple <a href="/wiki/Computer_terminal" title="Computer terminal">computer terminals</a> on school campuses. The two dominant systems in this era were <a href="/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">Digital Equipment Corporation</a>'s <a href="/wiki/PDP-10" title="PDP-10">PDP-10</a> and <a href="/wiki/Control_Data_Corporation" title="Control Data Corporation">Control Data Corporation</a>'s <a href="/wiki/PLATO_(computer_system)" title="PLATO (computer system)">PLATO</a>. Both could only display text, and not graphics, originally printed on <a href="/wiki/Teleprinter" title="Teleprinter">teleprinters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Line_printer" title="Line printer">line printers</a>, but later printed on single-color <a href="/wiki/CRT_screen" class="mw-redirect" title="CRT screen">CRT screens</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Baer" class="mw-redirect" title="Ralph Baer">Ralph Baer</a> developed Table Tennis for the first <a href="/wiki/Video_game_console" title="Video game console">video game console</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Magnavox_Odyssey" title="Magnavox Odyssey">Magnavox Odyssey</a>, released in 1972. While the console had other sports-themed game cards, they required the use of television overlays while playing similarly to <a href="/wiki/Board_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Board games">board games</a> or <a href="/wiki/Card_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Card games">card games</a>. Table Tennis was the only Odyssey game that was entirely electronic and did not require an overlay, introducing a ball-and-paddle game design that showcased the potential of the new video game medium. This provided the basis for the first commercially successful video game, <a href="/wiki/Pong" title="Pong">Pong</a> (1972), released as an <a href="/wiki/Arcade_video_game" title="Arcade video game">arcade video game</a> by <a href="/wiki/Atari,_Inc." title="Atari, Inc.">Atari, Inc.</a><a href="#cite_note-Williams-7">[7]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ball-and-paddle_era_(1973–1975)">Ball-and-paddle era (1973–1975)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sports_video_game&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Ball-and-paddle era (1973–1975)">edit</a>]</div> Numerous ball-and-paddle games that were either clones or variants of Pong were released for arcades in 1973. Atari themselves released a four-player <a href="/wiki/Cooperative_multiplayer" class="mw-redirect" title="Cooperative multiplayer">cooperative multiplayer</a> variant, <a href="/wiki/Pong_Doubles" class="mw-redirect" title="Pong Doubles">Pong Doubles</a> (1973), based on <a href="/wiki/Tennis_doubles" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennis doubles">tennis doubles</a>.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> In the United States, the best-selling <a href="/wiki/1973_in_video_games" title="1973 in video games">arcade video game of 1973</a> was Pong, followed by several of its clones and variants, including Pro Tennis from <a href="/wiki/Williams_Electronics" class="mw-redirect" title="Williams Electronics">Williams Electronics</a>, Winner from <a href="/wiki/Midway_Manufacturing" class="mw-redirect" title="Midway Manufacturing">Midway Manufacturing</a>, Super Soccer and Tennis Tourney from <a href="/wiki/Allied_Leisure" class="mw-redirect" title="Allied Leisure">Allied Leisure</a> (later called Centuri), and TV Tennis from <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Coin" title="Chicago Coin">Chicago Coin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> In Japan, arcade manufacturers such as Taito initially avoided video games as they found Pong to be simplistic compared to more complex EM games, but after Sega successfully tested-marketed Pong in Japan, Sega and Taito released the clones Pong Tron and Elepong, respectively, in July 1973,<a href="#cite_note-Smith-16">[16]</a> before the official Japanese release of Pong by Atari Japan (later part of <a href="/wiki/Namco" title="Namco">Namco</a>) in November 1973.<a href="#cite_note-Akagi-17">[17]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tomohiro_Nishikado" title="Tomohiro Nishikado">Tomohiro Nishikado</a>'s four-player Pong variant <a href="/wiki/Tomohiro_Nishikado#Soccer_and_Davis_Cup" title="Tomohiro Nishikado">Soccer</a> was released by Taito in November 1973,<a href="#cite_note-Smith-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kohler-16-18">[18]</a> with a green background to simulate an <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">association football</a> playfield<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> along with a goal on each side.<a href="#cite_note-Smith-16">[16]</a> Another Taito variant, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Taito_games" title="List of Taito games">Pro Hockey</a> (1973), set boundaries around the screen and only a small gap for the goal.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Tomohiro Nishikado wanted to move beyond simple rectangles to character graphics, resulting in his development of a <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a> game,<a href="#cite_note-Smith-16">[16]</a> Taito's <a href="/wiki/TV_Basketball" class="mw-redirect" title="TV Basketball">TV Basketball</a>, released in April 1974.<a href="#cite_note-Akagi-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-RePlay-21">[21]</a> It was the earliest use of character <a href="/wiki/Sprite_(computer_graphics)" title="Sprite (computer graphics)">sprites</a> to represent human characters in a video game.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> While the gameplay was similar to earlier ball-and-paddle games,<a href="#cite_note-Smith-16">[16]</a> it displayed images both for the players and the baskets, and attempted to simulate <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a>. Each player controls two team members, a <a href="/wiki/Forward_(basketball)" class="mw-redirect" title="Forward (basketball)">forward</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Guard_(basketball)" class="mw-redirect" title="Guard (basketball)">guard</a>; the ball can be passed between team members before shooting, and the ball has to fall into the opposing team's basket to score a point.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> The game was released in North America by Midway as TV Basketball, selling 1,400 <a href="/wiki/Arcade_cabinet" title="Arcade cabinet">arcade cabinets</a> in the United States, a production record for Midway up until they released <a href="/wiki/Speed_Race" title="Speed Race">Wheels</a> the following year.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ali-26">[26]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ramtek_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramtek (company)">Ramtek</a> later released Baseball in October 1974,<a href="#cite_note-Akagi-17">[17]</a> similarly featuring the use of character graphics.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> In 1975, <a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a> released EVR-Race, a <a href="/wiki/Horse_racing" title="Horse racing">horse racing</a> <a href="/wiki/Simulation_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Simulation game">simulation game</a> with support for up to six players.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> It was a mixture between a video game and an electro-mechanical game, and played back video footage from a <a href="/wiki/Video_tape" class="mw-redirect" title="Video tape">video tape</a>.<a href="#cite_note-iwataasks1-29">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decline_(1976–1982)">Decline (1976–1982)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sports_video_game&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Decline (1976–1982)">edit</a>]</div> After the market became flooded with Pong clones, the Pong market crashed around the mid-1970s.<a href="#cite_note-Smith-16">[16]</a> Sports video games would not regain the same level of success until the 1980s.<a href="#cite_note-Lendino-30">[30]</a> In 1976, Sega released an early <a href="/wiki/Combat_sport" title="Combat sport">combat sport</a> game, <a href="/wiki/Heavyweight_Champ" title="Heavyweight Champ">Heavyweight Champ</a>, based on <a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">boxing</a> and now considered the first <a href="/wiki/Fighting_game" title="Fighting game">fighting game</a>.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> In March 1978, Sega released <a href="/wiki/List_of_Sega_arcade_video_games" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Sega arcade video games">World Cup</a>, an <a href="/wiki/List_of_association_football_video_games" title="List of association football video games">association football game</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Trackball" title="Trackball">trackball</a> controller.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> In October 1978, Atari released <a href="/wiki/Atari_Football" class="mw-redirect" title="Atari Football">Atari Football</a>,<a href="#cite_note-atari_production99-35">[35]</a> which is considered to be the first video game to accurately emulate <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a>;<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> it also popularized the use of a trackball, with the game's developers mentioning it was inspired by an earlier Japanese association football game that used a trackball.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> Atari Football was the second highest-earning <a href="/wiki/1979_in_video_games" title="1979 in video games">arcade video game of 1979</a> in the United States, below only Taito's <a href="/wiki/Shoot_%27em_up" title="Shoot 'em up">shoot 'em up</a> blockbuster <a href="/wiki/Space_Invaders" title="Space Invaders">Space Invaders</a> (1978), though Atari Football was the only sports game among the top ten highest-earners.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> In 1980, <a href="/wiki/Mattel" title="Mattel">Mattel</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Basketball_(1980_video_game)" title="Basketball (1980 video game)">Basketball</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Intellivision" title="Intellivision">Intellivision</a> was the first basketball video game to be licensed by the <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">National Basketball Association</a> (NBA).<a href="#cite_note-Ali-26">[26]</a> On home computers, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Decathlon" title="Olympic Decathlon">Olympic Decathlon</a> (1980) was one of the first sports-related programs to mix game and simulation elements, and was an early example of an Olympic track-and-field game.<a href="#cite_note-reed-40">[40]</a> The first sports simulation game was most likely either <a href="/wiki/Computer_Baseball" title="Computer Baseball">Computer Baseball</a> or <a href="/wiki/Computer_Quarterback" title="Computer Quarterback">Computer Quarterback</a>, both released in 1981. The first association football management simulation, <a href="/wiki/Football_Manager_(1982_series)" title="Football Manager (1982 series)">Football Manager</a>, was released for the <a href="/wiki/ZX_Spectrum" title="ZX Spectrum">ZX Spectrum</a> computer in 1982. Between 1981 and 1983, the <a href="/wiki/Atari_2600" title="Atari 2600">Atari's VCS (2600)</a> and Mattel's Intellivision waged a series of high-stakes TV advertising campaigns promoting their respective systems, marking the start of the first <a href="/wiki/Console_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Console wars">console wars</a>. Atari prevailed in <a href="/wiki/Arcade_game" title="Arcade game">arcade games</a> and had a larger customer base due to its lower price, while Intellivision touted its visually superior sports games. Sports writer <a href="/wiki/George_Plimpton" title="George Plimpton">George Plimpton</a> was featured in the Intellivision ads,<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> which showed the parallel games side by side. Both Atari and Intellivision fielded at least one game for baseball, American football, hockey, basketball and association football. Atari's sports games included <a href="/wiki/Tennis_(Activision_video_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennis (Activision video game)">Activision Tennis</a> (1981). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Resurgence_(1983–1985)">Resurgence (1983–1985)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sports_video_game&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Resurgence (1983–1985)">edit</a>]</div> Sports video games experienced a resurgence from 1983. As the <a href="/wiki/Golden_age_of_arcade_video_games" title="Golden age of arcade video games">golden age of arcade video games</a> came to an end, arcade manufacturers began looking for ways to reinvigorate the <a href="/wiki/Arcade_video_game" title="Arcade video game">arcade video game</a> industry, so they began turning to sports games. The arcade industry began producing sports games at levels not seen since the days of Pong and its clones, which played a role in the recovery of the arcade market by the mid-1980s.<a href="#cite_note-Lendino-30">[30]</a> There were initially high expectations for <a href="/wiki/Laserdisc_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Laserdisc games">laserdisc games</a> to help revive the arcade industry in 1983, but it was instead non-laserdisc sports games that ended up being the most well-received hits at <a href="/wiki/Amusement_arcade" title="Amusement arcade">amusement arcade</a> shows by late 1983.<a href="#cite_note-JAMMA-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-CashMachine-43">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Arcades">Arcades</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sports_video_game&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Arcades">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Auron_from_Final_Fantasy_X_playing_Punch-Out.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Auron_from_Final_Fantasy_X_playing_Punch-Out.jpg/220px-Auron_from_Final_Fantasy_X_playing_Punch-Out.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Auron_from_Final_Fantasy_X_playing_Punch-Out.jpg/330px-Auron_from_Final_Fantasy_X_playing_Punch-Out.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Auron_from_Final_Fantasy_X_playing_Punch-Out.jpg/440px-Auron_from_Final_Fantasy_X_playing_Punch-Out.jpg 2x" data-file-width="825" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Punch-Out!!_(arcade_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Punch-Out!! (arcade game)">Punch-Out</a> (1984) arcade cabinet</figcaption></figure> In March 1983, Sega released <a href="/wiki/ADK_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="ADK (company)">Alpha Denshi</a>'s arcade game <a href="/wiki/Champion_Baseball" title="Champion Baseball">Champion Baseball</a>, which became a blockbuster success in Japanese arcades,<a href="#cite_note-Famitsu-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-Champion-45">[45]</a> with Sega comparing its impact on Japanese arcades to that of Space Invaders.<a href="#cite_note-eg_baseball-46">[46]</a> Champion Baseball was a departure from the "<a href="/wiki/Shoot_%27em_up" title="Shoot 'em up">space games</a>" and "cartoon" <a href="/wiki/Action_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Action games">action games</a> that had previously dominated the arcades,<a href="#cite_note-CB-47">[47]</a> and subsequently served as the prototype for later <a href="/wiki/List_of_baseball_video_games" title="List of baseball video games">baseball video games</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Famitsu-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-Champion-45">[45]</a> It had a split-screen format, displaying the <a href="/wiki/Playfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Playfield">playfield</a> from two <a href="/wiki/Camera_angles" class="mw-redirect" title="Camera angles">camera angles</a>, one from the outfield and another close-up shot of the player and batter, while also giving players the option of selecting relief pitchers or pinch hitters, while an umpire looks on attentively to make the game calls.<a href="#cite_note-eg_baseball-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> The game also had digitized voices for the umpire,<a href="#cite_note-Champion-45">[45]</a> and individual player statistics.<a href="#cite_note-Famitsu-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-Champion-45">[45]</a> Sports games became more popular across arcades worldwide with the arrival of <a href="/wiki/Konami" title="Konami">Konami</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Track_%26_Field_(video_game)" title="Track & Field (video game)">Track & Field</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Lendino-30">[30]</a> known as Hyper Olympic in Japan, introduced in September 1983.<a href="#cite_note-JAMMA-42">[42]</a> It was an <a href="/wiki/Olympic_video_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic video games">Olympic-themed</a> <a href="/wiki/Athletics_(sport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Athletics (sport)">athletics</a> game that had multiple <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic</a> <a href="/wiki/Track-and-field" class="mw-redirect" title="Track-and-field">track-and-field</a> events (including the <a href="/wiki/100_metres" title="100 metres">100-meter</a> dash, <a href="/wiki/Long_jump" title="Long jump">long jump</a>, <a href="/wiki/Javelin_throw" title="Javelin throw">javelin throw</a>, <a href="/wiki/110_metres_hurdles" title="110 metres hurdles">110-meter hurdles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hammer_throw" title="Hammer throw">hammer throw</a>, and <a href="/wiki/High_jump" title="High jump">high jump</a>) and allowed up to four players to compete.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> It had a horizontal <a href="/wiki/Side-scrolling" class="mw-redirect" title="Side-scrolling">side-scrolling</a> format, depicting one or two tracks at a time, a large scoreboard that displayed world records and current runs, and a packed audience in the background.<a href="#cite_note-Lendino-30">[30]</a> Despite the industry's hype for <a href="/wiki/Laserdisc_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Laserdisc games">laserdisc games</a> at the time, Track & Field became the most well-received game at the <a href="/wiki/Amusement_Machine_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="Amusement Machine Show">Amusement Machine Show</a> (AM Show) in Tokyo<a href="#cite_note-JAMMA-42">[42]</a> and the Amusement & Music Operators Association (AMOA) show in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-CashMachine-43">[43]</a> The game sold 38,000 arcade units in Japan,<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> became one of the top five highest-grossing arcade games of 1984 in the United States,<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> and the top-grossing <a href="/wiki/1984_in_video_games" title="1984 in video games">arcade game of 1984</a> in the United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-YS-52">[52]</a> It was also the basis for an organized <a href="/wiki/Video_game_competition" class="mw-redirect" title="Video game competition">video game competition</a> that drew more than a million players in 1984.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sharpe-54">[54]</a> The success of Track & Field spawned other similar <a href="/wiki/Olympic_video_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic video games">Olympic video games</a>.<a href="#cite_note-YS-52">[52]</a> Numerous sports video games were subsequently released in arcades after Track & Field, including <a href="/wiki/List_of_American_football_video_games" title="List of American football video games">American football games</a> such as <a href="/wiki/10-Yard_Fight" title="10-Yard Fight">10-Yard Fight</a> (1983) by <a href="/wiki/Irem" title="Irem">Irem</a> and Goal to Go (1984) by <a href="/wiki/Stern_Electronics" class="mw-redirect" title="Stern Electronics">Stern Electronics</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_boxing_video_games" class="mw-redirect" title="List of boxing video games">boxing video games</a> such as Nintendo's <a href="/wiki/Punch-Out!!_(arcade_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Punch-Out!! (arcade game)">Punch-Out!</a> (1984), <a href="/wiki/Martial_arts" title="Martial arts">martial arts</a> sports <a href="/wiki/Fighting_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Fighting games">fighting games</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Techn%C5%8Ds_Japan" title="Technōs Japan">Technōs Japan</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Karate_Champ" title="Karate Champ">Karate Champ</a> (1984),<a href="#cite_note-Lendino-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sharpe-54">[54]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_VS._System" title="Nintendo VS. System">Nintendo VS. System</a> titles <a href="/wiki/Tennis_(1984_video_game)" title="Tennis (1984 video game)">VS. Tennis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baseball_(1983_video_game)" title="Baseball (1983 video game)">VS. Baseball</a>, Taito's <a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">golf</a> game <a href="/wiki/Birdie_King" title="Birdie King">Birdie King II</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Data_East" title="Data East">Data East</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Tag_Team_Wrestling" title="Tag Team Wrestling">Tag Team Wrestling</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sharpe-54">[54]</a> 10-Yard Fight in 1983 had a <a href="/wiki/Be-a-pro_mode" class="mw-redirect" title="Be-a-pro mode">career mode</a>, where the player progresses from <a href="/wiki/High_school_football_in_North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="High school football in North America">high school</a>, to <a href="/wiki/College_football" title="College football">college</a>, <a href="/wiki/Professional_sports" title="Professional sports">professional</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League_playoffs" class="mw-redirect" title="National Football League playoffs">playoff</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl" title="Super Bowl">Super Bowl</a>, as the difficulty increases with each step.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> Irem's <a href="/wiki/Waterskiing" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterskiing">waterskiing</a> game <a href="/wiki/List_of_Irem_games#1983" title="List of Irem games">Tropical Angel</a> had a female <a href="/wiki/Player_character" title="Player character">player character</a>,<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> and was one of the two most well-received games at the September 1983 AM Show (along with Hyper Olympic) for its graphics and gameplay.<a href="#cite_note-JAMMA-42">[42]</a> Another sports game with female player characters was Taito's <a href="/wiki/List_of_Taito_games" title="List of Taito games">Joshi Volleyball (Big Spikers)</a>,<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> which topped the Japanese <a href="/wiki/Table_arcade_cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Table arcade cabinet">table arcade cabinet</a> chart in December 1983.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kaneko" title="Kaneko">Kaneko</a>'s Roller Aces was a <a href="/wiki/Roller_skating" title="Roller skating">roller skating</a> game played from a third-person perspective,<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> while <a href="/wiki/Techn%C5%8Ds_Japan" title="Technōs Japan">Technōs Japan</a> released the <a href="/wiki/Wrestling" title="Wrestling">wrestling</a> game <a href="/wiki/Tag_Team_Wrestling" title="Tag Team Wrestling">Tag Team Wrestling</a>.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> In the field of <a href="/wiki/List_of_association_football_video_games" title="List of association football video games">association football games</a>, Alpha Denshi's <a href="/wiki/Exciting_Soccer" title="Exciting Soccer">Exciting Soccer</a> (1983) featured digitized voices<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> and a top-down overhead perspective, which was later popularized by <a href="/wiki/Tehkan_World_Cup" title="Tehkan World Cup">Tehkan World Cup</a> (1985) from <a href="/wiki/Tehkan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tehkan">Tehkan</a> (later Tecmo).<a href="#cite_note-Stuff-63">[63]</a> Tehkan World Cup was a <a href="/wiki/Multiplayer_video_game" title="Multiplayer video game">multiplayer</a> association football game with a <a href="/wiki/Trackball" title="Trackball">trackball</a> controller,<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> where a button was used for kicking the ball and the trackball used for the direction and speed of the shot, with gameplay that was fairly realistic.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> It was a landmark title for association football games, considered revolutionary for its trackball control system, its top-down perspective that allows players to see more of the pitch,<a href="#cite_note-IGN-66">[66]</a> and its trackball-based <a href="/wiki/Game_physics" title="Game physics">game physics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Retro-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-Zzap-68">[68]</a> It provided the basis for later <a href="/wiki/List_of_association_football_video_games" title="List of association football video games">association football games</a> such as <a href="/wiki/MicroProse_Soccer" title="MicroProse Soccer">MicroProse Soccer</a> (1988) and the <a href="/wiki/Sensible_Soccer" title="Sensible Soccer">Sensible Soccer</a> series (1992 debut).<a href="#cite_note-Retro-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-Zzap-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-RG33-69">[69]</a> Several sports <a href="/wiki/Laserdisc_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Laserdisc games">laserdisc games</a> were released for arcades in 1984, including <a href="/wiki/Universal_Entertainment_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Entertainment Corporation">Universal</a>'s Top Gear which displayed 3D animated race car driving,<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> while Sega's GP World<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> and Taito's Laser Grand Prix<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> displayed live-action footage. Sega also produced a <a href="/wiki/Bullfighting" title="Bullfighting">bullfighting</a> game, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Sega_arcade_games#Sega_System_series" title="List of Sega arcade games">Bull Fight</a>,<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> and a multiple-watersports game Water Match (published by <a href="/wiki/Midway_Games" title="Midway Games">Bally Midway</a>), which included swimming, <a href="/wiki/Kayaking" title="Kayaking">kayaking</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boat_racing" title="Boat racing">boat racing</a>;<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> while Taito released a <a href="/wiki/Female_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Female sports">female sports</a> game based on <a href="/wiki/High_school_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="High school sports">high-school</a> track & field, The Undoukai,<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Dirt_track_racing" title="Dirt track racing">dirt track racing</a> game <a href="/wiki/List_of_Taito_games" title="List of Taito games">Buggy Challenge</a>, with a <a href="/wiki/Dune_buggy" title="Dune buggy">buggy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Other dirt racing games from that year were <a href="/wiki/Dirt_bike" class="mw-redirect" title="Dirt bike">dirt bike</a> games: <a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Excitebike" title="Excitebike">Excitebike</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> and <a href="/wiki/SNK_Playmore" class="mw-redirect" title="SNK Playmore">SNK</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Motocross" title="Motocross">motocross</a> game <a href="/wiki/List_of_SNK_games#1984" title="List of SNK games">Jumping Cross</a>[<a href="/wiki/MOS:BROKENSECTIONLINKS" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:BROKENSECTIONLINKS">broken anchor</a>].<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> Nintendo also released a four-player <a href="/wiki/List_of_racquet_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="List of racquet sports">racquet sport</a> game, VS. Tennis (the <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_VS._System" title="Nintendo VS. System">Nintendo VS. System</a> version of <a href="/wiki/Tennis_(1984_video_game)" title="Tennis (1984 video game)">Tennis</a>).<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> That same year, <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a> games were also released: Alpha Denshi's <a href="/wiki/ADK_(company)#Early_arcade_games" class="mw-redirect" title="ADK (company)">Bull Fighter</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> and Data East's <a href="/wiki/DECO_Cassette_System#Game_list" title="DECO Cassette System">Fighting Ice Hockey</a>.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> Data East also released a <a href="/wiki/Lawn_game" title="Lawn game">lawn sports</a> game Haro Gate Ball, based on <a href="/wiki/Croquet" title="Croquet">croquet</a>,<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> while <a href="/wiki/Nihon_Bussan" title="Nihon Bussan">Nichibutsu</a> released a game based on <a href="/wiki/Roller_derby" title="Roller derby">roller derby</a>, Roller Jammer.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> Meanwhile, Technos Japan released a game based on <a href="/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo">sumo</a> wrestling, Syusse Oozumou,<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> and the first <a href="/wiki/Martial_arts" title="Martial arts">martial arts</a> combat-sport game, <a href="/wiki/Karate_Champ" title="Karate Champ">Karate Champ</a>, considered one of the most influential fighting games.<a href="#cite_note-tao1-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-games.ign.com-86">[86]</a> In 1985, Nintendo released an <a href="/wiki/Arm_wrestling" title="Arm wrestling">arm wrestling</a> game, <a href="/wiki/Arm_Wrestling_(video_game)" title="Arm Wrestling (video game)">Arm Wrestling</a>,<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> while Konami released a <a href="/wiki/Table_tennis" title="Table tennis">table tennis</a> game that attempted to accurately reflect the sport, <a href="/wiki/Konami%27s_Ping_Pong" title="Konami's Ping Pong">Konami's Ping Pong</a>.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Homes">Homes</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sports_video_game&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Homes">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IWSB.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/32/IWSB.gif/220px-IWSB.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/32/IWSB.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="318" data-file-height="192" /></a><figcaption>Gameplay screenshot of <a href="/wiki/Intellivision_World_Series_Baseball" title="Intellivision World Series Baseball">Intellivision World Series Baseball</a> (1983)</figcaption></figure> On home consoles, <a href="/wiki/Mattel" title="Mattel">Mattel</a> released <a href="/wiki/Intellivision_World_Series_Baseball" title="Intellivision World Series Baseball">Intellivision World Series Baseball</a> (IWSB), designed by <a href="/wiki/Don_Daglow" title="Don Daglow">Don Daglow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Dombrower" title="Eddie Dombrower">Eddie Dombrower</a>, in late 1983.<a href="#cite_note-RE-89">[89]</a> It is considered the earliest sports video game to use multiple camera angles to show the action in a manner resembling a <a href="/wiki/Sports_television" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports television">sports television</a> broadcast. Earlier sports games prior to this had displayed the entire field on screen, or scrolled across static top-down fields to show the action. IWSB mimicked television baseball coverage by showing the batter from a modified "center field" camera, the <a href="/wiki/Baserunning" class="mw-redirect" title="Baserunning">baserunners</a> in corner insets and defensive plays from a camera behind the batter.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> It was also one of the first sports video games to feature audibly speaking digitized voices (as opposed to text), using the Mattel <a href="/wiki/Intellivoice" title="Intellivoice">Intellivoice</a> module. The game was sophisticated for its time, but was a commercial failure, released around the time of the <a href="/wiki/Video_game_crash_of_1983" title="Video game crash of 1983">video game crash of 1983</a> when the North American home video game market collapsed.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> Nintendo released a series of highly successful sports games for the <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System">Nintendo Entertainment System</a> console and the arcade <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_VS._System" title="Nintendo VS. System">Nintendo VS. System</a>, starting with <a href="/wiki/Baseball_(1983_video_game)" title="Baseball (1983 video game)">Baseball</a> (1983) and <a href="/wiki/Tennis_(1984_video_game)" title="Tennis (1984 video game)">Tennis</a> (1984). They played an important role in the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="History of the Nintendo Entertainment System">history of the Nintendo Entertainment System</a>, as they were the earliest NES games released in North America, initially in the arcades and then with the console's launch.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> Nintendo's arcade version <a href="/wiki/Baseball_(1983_video_game)" title="Baseball (1983 video game)">VS. Baseball</a> (1984) was competing with Sega's earlier hit Champion Baseball in the arcades.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> On home computers, Track & Field spawned similar hit Olympic games for computer platforms,<a href="#cite_note-YS-52">[52]</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Ocean_Software" title="Ocean Software">Ocean Software</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Daley_Thompson%27s_Decathlon" title="Daley Thompson's Decathlon">Daley Thompson's Decathlon</a> (1984).<a href="#cite_note-oceanthehistory-94">[94]</a> <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Arts" title="Electronic Arts">Electronic Arts</a> produced their first sports game for home computers, the basketball title <a href="/wiki/One_on_One:_Dr._J_vs._Larry_Bird" title="One on One: Dr. J vs. Larry Bird">Dr. J and Larry Bird Go One on One</a> (1983),<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> which was the first licensed sports game based on the names and likenesses of famous athletes; the inclusion of famous real world athletes would become one of the most important selling points for sports games.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> One on One became Electronic Arts' best-selling game, and the highest-selling computer sports game, having sold 400,000 copies by late 1988.<a href="#cite_note-cgwsales-97">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_growth_(1986–1994)">Further growth (1986–1994)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sports_video_game&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further growth (1986–1994)">edit</a>]</div> In the late 1980s, <a href="/wiki/List_of_basketball_video_games" title="List of basketball video games">basketball video games</a> gained popularity in arcades. Konami's <a href="/wiki/Double_Dribble_(video_game)" title="Double Dribble (video game)">Double Dribble</a> (1986) featured colorful graphics, five-on-five gameplay, cutaway animations for <a href="/wiki/Slam_dunks" class="mw-redirect" title="Slam dunks">slam dunks</a>, and a digitized version of "<a href="/wiki/The_Star-Spangled_Banner" title="The Star-Spangled Banner">The Star-Spangled Banner</a>" theme.<a href="#cite_note-Ali-26">[26]</a> It was considered the most realistic basketball game upon release, with fast-paced action, detailed players, a large side-scrolling court, innovative cinematic dunks, and detailed sound effects, beginning a trend where presentation would play an increasingly important role in sports games.<a href="#cite_note-allgame-review-98">[98]</a> <a href="/wiki/Magic_Johnson%27s_Fast_Break" title="Magic Johnson's Fast Break">Magic Johnson's Fast Break</a> (1988) by <a href="/wiki/Arcadia_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Arcadia Systems">Arcadia Systems</a> had detailed characters and audio clips of <a href="/wiki/Magic_Johnson" title="Magic Johnson">Magic Johnson</a>'s voice. Midway, who had not released a basketball game in sixteen years since Taito's TV Basketball in 1974, released <a href="/wiki/Arch_Rivals" title="Arch Rivals">Arch Rivals</a> (1989), a two-on-two game featuring large players with distinct looks, a <a href="/wiki/Basketball_court" title="Basketball court">basketball court</a>, a crowd, <a href="/wiki/Cheerleaders" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheerleaders">cheerleaders</a>, four periods, the ability to rough up an opponent, and big dunks capable of <a href="/wiki/Backboard_shattering" title="Backboard shattering">backboard shattering</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ali-26">[26]</a> Konami's Punk Shot (1990) is an arcade basketball game with an element of violence, allowing players to physically attack each other, which <a href="/wiki/CU_Amiga" class="mw-redirect" title="CU Amiga">CU Amiga</a> magazine compared to the film <a href="/wiki/Rollerball_(1975_film)" title="Rollerball (1975 film)">Rollerball</a> (1975).<a href="#cite_note-CUAmiga-99">[99]</a> The success of the <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System">Nintendo Entertainment System</a> (NES) in North America led to the platform becoming a major platform for <a href="/wiki/American_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="American sports">American sports</a> video games. Basketball games included a port of Double Dribble, with a halo mechanic signifying the optimum release for shots, and <a href="/wiki/Tecmo_NBA_Basketball" title="Tecmo NBA Basketball">Tecmo NBA Basketball</a> (1992). <a href="/wiki/List_of_American_football_video_games" title="List of American football video games">American football video games</a> included <a href="/wiki/Tecmo_Bowl" title="Tecmo Bowl">Tecmo Bowl</a> (1987), which was ported to the NES with the <a href="/wiki/NFL_Players_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="NFL Players Association">NFL Players Association</a> license, and <a href="/wiki/Tecmo_Super_Bowl" title="Tecmo Super Bowl">Tecmo Super Bowl</a> (1991), which introduced a season mode with nearly the entire <a href="/wiki/NFL" class="mw-redirect" title="NFL">NFL</a> roster.<a href="#cite_note-Nelson-100">[100]</a> Tecmo Super Bowl is considered to be one of the greatest<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-IGN_Top_100_NES-102">[102]</a> and most influential games of all time, as it was the first mainstream sports video game with both the league and player association licenses,<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> with <a href="/wiki/ESPN" title="ESPN">ESPN</a> ranking it the greatest sports video game of all time.<a href="#cite_note-ESPN-104">[104]</a> Sega also developed American football games for their competing <a href="/wiki/Master_System" title="Master System">Master System</a> console, Great Football in 1987<a href="#cite_note-Nelson-100">[100]</a> and American Pro Football (Walter Payton Football) in 1989, the latter very well received by critics at the time.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> The late 1980s is considered the "Golden Age" of <a href="/wiki/List_of_baseball_video_games" title="List of baseball video games">baseball video games</a>. <a href="/wiki/Namco" title="Namco">Namco</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Pro_Baseball:_Family_Stadium" title="Pro Baseball: Family Stadium">R.B.I. Baseball</a> (1986) and the <a href="/wiki/Atlus" title="Atlus">Atlus</a> title <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_(video_game)" title="Major League Baseball (video game)">Major League Baseball</a> (1988) for the NES were the first fully licensed baseball video games. <a href="/wiki/SNK" title="SNK">SNK</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Baseball_Stars" title="Baseball Stars">Baseball Stars</a> (1989) was a popular <a href="/wiki/Arcade_genre" class="mw-redirect" title="Arcade genre">arcade-style</a> NES game, while <a href="/wiki/Jaleco" title="Jaleco">Jaleco</a>'s NES title <a href="/wiki/Bases_Loaded_(video_game)" title="Bases Loaded (video game)">Bases Loaded</a> (1987) was a <a href="/wiki/Simulation_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Simulation game">simulation game</a> with statistics.<a href="#cite_note-Nelson-100">[100]</a> In 1988, EA released <a href="/wiki/Earl_Weaver_Baseball" title="Earl Weaver Baseball">Earl Weaver Baseball</a>, developed by Don Daglow and Eddie Dombrower, which for the first time combined a highly accurate simulation game with high quality graphics. This was also the first game in which an actual <a href="/wiki/Manager_(baseball)" title="Manager (baseball)">baseball manager</a> provided the computer <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">AI</a>. In 1996 <a href="/wiki/Computer_Gaming_World" title="Computer Gaming World">Computer Gaming World</a> named EWB the 25th of its Best 150 Games of All Time, the second highest ranking for any sports game in that 1981–1996 period (after <a href="/wiki/Front_Page_Sports_Football" title="Front Page Sports Football">FPS Football</a>).<a href="#cite_note-150_best-107">[107]</a> The 1990s began in the <a href="/wiki/History_of_video_game_consoles_(fourth_generation)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of video game consoles (fourth generation)">16-bit era</a>, as a wave of fourth generation video game consoles were created to handle more complex games and graphics. The <a href="/wiki/Sega_Genesis/Mega_Drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Sega Genesis/Mega Drive">Sega Genesis/Mega Drive</a> in particular became renowned for its sports video games, as it was more powerful than the NES and with Sega targeting an older audience than Nintendo's typically younger target demographic at the time. <a href="/wiki/List_of_basketball_video_games" title="List of basketball video games">Basketball video games</a> included EA's <a href="/wiki/Lakers_versus_Celtics_and_the_NBA_Playoffs" title="Lakers versus Celtics and the NBA Playoffs">Lakers versus Celtics and the NBA Playoffs</a> (1991), which launched the <a href="/wiki/NBA_Live" title="NBA Live">NBA Live</a> series. <a href="/wiki/World_Series_Baseball_(1994_video_game)" title="World Series Baseball (1994 video game)">World Series Baseball</a> (1994) introduced the "catcher-cam" perspective, launching the <a href="/wiki/World_Series_Baseball_(series)" class="mw-redirect" title="World Series Baseball (series)">World Series Baseball</a> series and becoming the first game in the Sega Sports line.<a href="#cite_note-Nelson-100">[100]</a> In 1989, <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Arts" title="Electronic Arts">Electronic Arts</a> <a href="/wiki/Video_game_producer" title="Video game producer">producer</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Hilleman" title="Richard Hilleman">Richard Hilleman</a> hired GameStar's <a href="/wiki/Scott_Orr" title="Scott Orr">Scott Orr</a> to re-design <a href="/wiki/John_Madden_Football_(1988_video_game)" title="John Madden Football (1988 video game)">John Madden Football</a> for the fast-growing Sega Genesis. In 1990, Orr and Hilleman released <a href="/wiki/John_Madden_Football_(1990_video_game)" title="John Madden Football (1990 video game)">Madden Football</a>. They focused on producing a head-to-head two-player game with an intuitive <a href="/wiki/User_interface" title="User interface">interface</a> and responsive controls. Electronic Arts had only expected to sell around 75,000 units, but instead the title sold around 400,000 units.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> In 1990, Taito released <a href="/wiki/Football_Champ" title="Football Champ">Football Champ</a>, an association football game that allows <a href="/wiki/Multiplayer_video_game" title="Multiplayer video game">up to four players</a> in both competitive and <a href="/wiki/Cooperative_video_game" title="Cooperative video game">cooperative gameplay</a>. It also let players perform a number of actions, including a back heel, <a href="/wiki/Soccer_kick" title="Soccer kick">power kick</a>, high kick, <a href="/wiki/Sliding_tackle" title="Sliding tackle">sliding tackle</a>, super shot, and <a href="/wiki/Foul_(association_football)" class="mw-redirect" title="Foul (association football)">fouling</a> other players (kicking, punching, and pulling shirts), which the player can get away with if the <a href="/wiki/Referee_(association_football)" title="Referee (association football)">referee</a> isn't looking, or get a yellow or red <a href="/wiki/Penalty_card" title="Penalty card">penalty card</a> for if he is.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> In 1991, the American football game <a href="/wiki/Tecmo_Super_Bowl" title="Tecmo Super Bowl">Tecmo Super Bowl</a> was the first mainstream sports game to feature both the league and player association licenses of the sport it emulated; previous titles either had one license or the other, but Tecmo Super Bowl was the first to feature real <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">NFL</a> players on real teams.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> Orr joined EA full-time in 1991 after the success of Madden on the Sega Genesis, and began a ten-year period of his career where he personally supervised the production of the Madden Football series. During this time EA formed <a href="/wiki/EA_Sports" title="EA Sports">EA Sports</a>, a brand name used for sports games they produced. EA Sports created several ongoing series, with a new version released each year to reflect the changes in the sport and its teams since the previous release. Sega launched its own competing NFL series on the Sega Genesis. The gameplay of Sega's earlier 1987 Master System title Great Football (1987) was the basis for <a href="/wiki/Joe_Montana_Football" title="Joe Montana Football">Joe Montana Football</a> (1991), developed by EA and published by Sega for the Genesis. Sega then released their own sequel without EA's involvement, Joe Montana II: Sports Talk Football (1991), which became the first American football game with audio commentary. After Sega acquired the NFL license, they shortened the title to <a href="/wiki/NFL_Sports_Talk_Football_%2793" title="NFL Sports Talk Football '93">NFL Sports Talk Football Starring Joe Montana</a>, which later became known as Sega's NFL series. Due to strong competition from Madden, the series was cancelled in 1997.<a href="#cite_note-Nelson-100">[100]</a> Licensed basketball games began becoming more common by the early 1990s, including Sega's <a href="/wiki/Pat_Riley_Basketball" title="Pat Riley Basketball">Pat Riley Basketball</a> (1990) and <a href="/wiki/Malibu_Comics" title="Malibu Comics">Acme Interactive</a>'s <a href="/wiki/David_Robinson%27s_Supreme_Court" title="David Robinson's Supreme Court">David Robinson's Supreme Court</a> (1992) for the Sega Genesis, and <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Soft" title="Hudson Soft">Hudson Soft</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Bill_Laimbeer%27s_Combat_Basketball" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Laimbeer's Combat Basketball">Bill Laimbeer's Combat Basketball</a> (1991) for the <a href="/wiki/Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Super Nintendo Entertainment System">Super Nintendo Entertainment System</a> (SNES). EA followed <a href="/wiki/Jordan_vs._Bird:_One_on_One" title="Jordan vs. Bird: One on One">Jordan vs. Bird: One on One</a> (1988) with <a href="/wiki/Lakers_versus_Celtics_and_the_NBA_Playoffs" title="Lakers versus Celtics and the NBA Playoffs">Lakers versus Celtics and the NBA Playoffs</a> (1989), the latter ported to the Genesis in 1991, which added more simulation aspects to the subgenre.<a href="#cite_note-Ali-26">[26]</a> In the arcades, Midway followed Arch Rivals with <a href="/wiki/NBA_Jam_(1993_video_game)" title="NBA Jam (1993 video game)">NBA Jam</a> (1993), which introduced <a href="/wiki/Digitized" class="mw-redirect" title="Digitized">digitized</a> sprites similar to their <a href="/wiki/Fighting_game" title="Fighting game">fighting game</a> <a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat_(1992_video_game)" title="Mortal Kombat (1992 video game)">Mortal Kombat</a> (1992), combined with a gameplay formula similar to Arch Rivals.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> In its first twelve months of release, NBA Jam generated over $1 billion to become the <a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_arcade_games" class="mw-redirect" title="List of highest-grossing arcade games">highest-grossing arcade sports game</a> of all time.<a href="#cite_note-digitalpress-112">[112]</a> <a href="/wiki/FIFA_International_Soccer" title="FIFA International Soccer">FIFA International Soccer</a> (1993), the first game in EA's <a href="/wiki/FIFA_(video_game_series)" title="FIFA (video game series)">FIFA</a> series of <a href="/wiki/List_of_association_football_video_games" title="List of association football video games">association football video games</a>, released on the <a href="/wiki/Sega_Mega_Drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Sega Mega Drive">Sega Mega Drive</a> and became the best-selling <a href="/wiki/1993_in_video_games" title="1993 in video games">home video game of 1993</a> in the United Kingdom. In contrast to the top-down perspective of earlier association football games, FIFA introduced an <a href="/wiki/Isometric_video_game_graphics" title="Isometric video game graphics">isometric perspective</a> to the genre. <a href="/wiki/International_Superstar_Soccer_(video_game)" title="International Superstar Soccer (video game)">International Superstar Soccer</a> (1994), the first game in <a href="/wiki/Konami" title="Konami">Konami</a>'s <a href="/wiki/International_Superstar_Soccer" title="International Superstar Soccer">International Superstar Soccer</a> (ISS) series, released for the SNES. A rivalry subsequently emerged between the FIFA and ISS franchises.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-guardianFIFA-114">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transition_to_3D_polygons_(1994–1997)">Transition to 3D polygons (1994–1997)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sports_video_game&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Transition to 3D polygons (1994–1997)">edit</a>]</div> In the 1990s, <a href="/wiki/3D_graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="3D graphics">3D graphics</a> were introduced in sports games. Early uses of flat-shaded polygons date back to 1991, with home computer games such as <a href="/wiki/4D_Sports_Boxing" title="4D Sports Boxing">4D Sports Boxing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Winter_Challenge" class="mw-redirect" title="Winter Challenge">Winter Challenge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-poulter199201-115">[115]</a> However, it was not until the mid-1990s that 3D polygons were popularized in sports games. <a href="/wiki/Sega" title="Sega">Sega</a>'s arcade title <a href="/wiki/Virtua_Striker" title="Virtua Striker">Virtua Striker</a> (1994) was the first <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">association football</a> game to use 3D graphics, and was also notable for its early use of <a href="/wiki/Texture_mapping" title="Texture mapping">texture mapping</a>.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> Meanwhile, <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Sierra Online">Sierra Online</a> released American football title <a href="/wiki/Front_Page_Sports_Football" title="Front Page Sports Football">Front Page Sports Football</a> in 1995 for the PC. The following year, <a href="/wiki/Computer_Gaming_World" title="Computer Gaming World">Computer Gaming World</a> named it twelfth of the Best 150 Games of All Time, the highest ranking sports game on the list.<a href="#cite_note-150_best-107">[107]</a> <a href="/wiki/International_Superstar_Soccer_Pro" title="International Superstar Soccer Pro">International Superstar Soccer Pro</a> (ISS Pro), released for the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_(console)" title="PlayStation (console)">PlayStation</a> in 1997, was considered a "game-changer" for association football games, which had been largely dominated by rival FIFA on home systems for the last several years. Developed by <a href="/wiki/Konami_Computer_Entertainment_Tokyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Konami Computer Entertainment Tokyo">Konami Tokyo</a>, ISS Pro introduced a new 3D engine capable of better graphics and more sophisticated gameplay than its rival. Whereas FIFA had a simpler "<a href="/wiki/Arcade_genre" class="mw-redirect" title="Arcade genre">arcade-style</a>" approach to its gameplay, ISS Pro introduced more complex <a href="/wiki/Simulation_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Simulation game">simulation gameplay</a> emphasizing tactics and improvisation, enabled by tactical variety such as nine in-match strategy options.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-guardianFIFA-114">[114]</a> In 1997, <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Gaming_Monthly" title="Electronic Gaming Monthly">Electronic Gaming Monthly</a> reported that sports games accounted for roughly 50% of console software sales.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Extreme_sports_enter_into_the_mainstream_(1996–2001)">Extreme sports enter into the mainstream (1996–2001)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sports_video_game&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Extreme sports enter into the mainstream (1996–2001)">edit</a>]</div> At the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st century, <a href="/wiki/Extreme_sport" title="Extreme sport">extreme sport</a> video games began to appear more frequently. <a href="/wiki/Namco" title="Namco">Namco</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Alpine_Racer" title="Alpine Racer">Alpine Racer</a> (1994) was a <a href="/wiki/Skiing" title="Skiing">skiing</a> <a href="/wiki/Winter_sports" title="Winter sports">winter sports</a> simulator that became a major success in <a href="/wiki/Arcade_game" title="Arcade game">arcades</a> during the mid-1990s. This led to a wave of similar sports games capitalizing on its success during the late 1990s, from companies such as <a href="/wiki/Sega" title="Sega">Sega</a>, Namco, <a href="/wiki/Konami" title="Konami">Konami</a> and Innovative Concepts.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> In 1996, two snowboarding video games were released: <a href="/wiki/Namco" title="Namco">Namco</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Alpine_Surfer" title="Alpine Surfer">Alpine Surfer</a> in the arcades,<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/UEP_Systems" title="UEP Systems">UEP Systems</a> game <a href="/wiki/Cool_Boarders_(video_game)" title="Cool Boarders (video game)">Cool Boarders</a> for the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_(console)" title="PlayStation (console)">PlayStation</a> console.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> The following year, <a href="/wiki/Square_(video_game_company)" title="Square (video game company)">Square</a>'s popular <a href="/wiki/Role-playing_video_game" title="Role-playing video game">role-playing video game</a>, <a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_VII" title="Final Fantasy VII">Final Fantasy VII</a>, included a snowboarding <a href="/wiki/Minigames_of_Final_Fantasy" class="mw-redirect" title="Minigames of Final Fantasy">minigame</a> that was later released as an independent snowboarding game, <a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_VII_Snowboarding" class="mw-redirect" title="Final Fantasy VII Snowboarding">Final Fantasy VII Snowboarding</a>, for mobile phones.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> In 2000, <a href="/wiki/SSX" title="SSX">SSX</a> was released. Based around <a href="/wiki/Snowboard_cross" title="Snowboard cross">boardercross</a>, the game featured fast downhill races, avoiding various objects whilst using others to perform jumps and increase the player's speed.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> In 1997, Sega released one of the first mainstream <a href="/wiki/Skateboarding" title="Skateboarding">skateboarding</a> games, <a href="/wiki/Top_Skater" title="Top Skater">Top Skater</a>,<a href="#cite_note-GSpot-Tony-123">[123]</a> in the arcades, where it introduced a <a href="/wiki/Skateboard" title="Skateboard">skateboard</a> <a href="/wiki/Game_controller" title="Game controller">controller</a> interface.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> Top Skater served as a basic foundation for later skateboarding games.<a href="#cite_note-RG131-125">[125]</a> The following year saw the release of the console skateboarding game <a href="/wiki/Street_Sk8er" title="Street Sk8er">Street Sk8er</a>, developed by Atelier Double and published by <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Arts" title="Electronic Arts">Electronic Arts</a>. In 1999, the subgenre was further popularized by <a href="/wiki/Tony_Hawk%27s_Pro_Skater" title="Tony Hawk's Pro Skater">Tony Hawk's Pro Skater</a>, an arcade-like skateboarding game where players were challenged to execute elaborate tricks or collect a series of elements hidden throughout the level.<a href="#cite_note-GSpot-Tony-123">[123]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tony_Hawk%27s" title="Tony Hawk's">Tony Hawk's</a> went on to be one of the most popular sports game franchises.<a href="#cite_note-RG131-125">[125]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports_games_become_big_business_(2002–2005)">Sports games become big business (2002–2005)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sports_video_game&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sports games become big business (2002–2005)">edit</a>]</div> Association football games became more popular in the 2000s. Konami's ISS series spawned the <a href="/wiki/Pro_Evolution_Soccer" title="Pro Evolution Soccer">Pro Evolution Soccer</a> (PES) series in the early 2000s. A rivalry subsequently emerged between FIFA and PES, considered the "greatest rivalry" in the history of sports video games. PES became known for having "faster-paced tactical play" and more varied <a href="/wiki/Emergent_gameplay" title="Emergent gameplay">emergent gameplay</a>, while FIFA was known for having more licenses.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-guardianFIFA-114">[114]</a> The FIFA series had sold over 16 million units by 2000,<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> while the PES series had sold more than 10 million units by 2002.<a href="#cite_note-multiplayer-127">[127]</a> The sales gap between the two franchises had narrowed by the mid-2000s.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-guardianFIFA-114">[114]</a> On December 13, 2004, <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Arts" title="Electronic Arts">Electronic Arts</a> began a string of deals that granted exclusive rights to several prominent sports organizations, starting with the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">NFL</a>.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> This was quickly followed with two deals in January 2008 securing rights to the <a href="/wiki/Arena_Football_League" title="Arena Football League">AFL</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> and <a href="/wiki/ESPN" title="ESPN">ESPN</a> licenses.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> This was a particularly hard blow to <a href="/wiki/Sega" title="Sega">Sega</a>, the previous holder of the ESPN license, who had already been affected by EA's NFL deal. As the market for football brands was being quickly taken by EA, <a href="/wiki/Take-Two_Interactive" title="Take-Two Interactive">Take-Two Interactive</a> responded by contacting the <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_Players_Association" title="Major League Baseball Players Association">Major League Baseball Players Association</a> and signing a deal that granted exclusive third-party major-league baseball rights;<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> a deal not as restrictive, as first-party projects were still allowed. The <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">NBA</a> was then approached by several developers, but declined to enter into an exclusivity agreement, instead granting long-term licenses to <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Arts" title="Electronic Arts">Electronic Arts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Take-Two_Interactive" title="Take-Two Interactive">Take-Two Interactive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Midway_Games" title="Midway Games">Midway Games</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Atari" title="Atari">Atari</a>.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> In April 2005, EA furthered its hold on American football licensing by securing rights to all <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a> brands.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Motion_detection">Motion detection</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sports_video_game&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Motion detection">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sega_Activator:_IR_motion_detection_(1993–1994)">Sega Activator: IR motion detection (1993–1994)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sports_video_game&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Sega Activator: IR motion detection (1993–1994)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sega_Genesis#Peripherals" title="Sega Genesis">Sega Genesis § Peripherals</a></div> In 1993, Sega released the <a href="/wiki/Sega_Activator" class="mw-redirect" title="Sega Activator">Sega Activator</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Motion_detection" class="mw-redirect" title="Motion detection">motion detection</a> game controller designed to respond to a player's body movements, for their Genesis console.<a href="#cite_note-Activator-134">[134]</a> The Activator was based on the Light Harp, a <a href="/wiki/MIDI_controller" title="MIDI controller">MIDI controller</a> invented by Assaf Gurner.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> He was an Israeli musician and Kung Fu martial artist who researched inter disciplinarian concepts to create the experience of playing an instrument using the whole body's motion. It was released for the Mega Drive (Genesis) in 1993. It could read the player's physical movements and was the first controller to allow full-body motion sensing, The original invention related to a 3 octaves musical instrument that could interpret the user's gestures into musical notes via MIDI protocol. The invention was registered as patent initially in Israel on May 11, 1988, after 4 years of R&D. In 1992, the first complete Light Harp was created by Assaf Gurner and Oded Zur, and was presented to Sega of America. Like the Light Harp, the Activator is an octagonal frame that lies on the floor. <a href="/wiki/Light-emitting_diode" title="Light-emitting diode">Light-emitting diodes</a> (LEDs) on the frame vertically project thin, invisible beams of <a href="/wiki/Infrared" title="Infrared">infrared</a> light. When something, such as a player's arm or leg, interrupts a beam, the device reads the distance at which the interruption occurred, and interprets the signal as a <a href="/wiki/Command_(computing)" title="Command (computing)">command</a>. The device can also interpret signals from multiple beams simultaneously (i.e., <a href="/wiki/Chord_(music)" title="Chord (music)">chords</a>) as a distinct command. Sega designed special Activator motions for a few of their own game releases. By tailoring motion signals specifically for a game, Sega attempted to provide a more intuitive gaming experience. A player could, for example, compete in <a href="/wiki/Greatest_Heavyweights_of_the_Ring" class="mw-redirect" title="Greatest Heavyweights of the Ring">Greatest Heavyweights of the Ring</a> or <a href="/wiki/Eternal_Champions" title="Eternal Champions">Eternal Champions</a> by miming punches. Despite these efforts, the Activator was a commercial failure. Like the <a href="/wiki/Power_Glove" title="Power Glove">Power Glove</a> of 1989, it was widely rejected for its "unwieldiness and inaccuracy".<a href="#cite_note-Activator-134">[134]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wii_Remote:_IR_motion_detection_with_accelerometry_(2006–2009)">Wii Remote: IR motion detection with accelerometry (2006–2009)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sports_video_game&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Wii Remote: IR motion detection with accelerometry (2006–2009)">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mario_%26_Sonic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/57/Mario_%26_Sonic.jpg/240px-Mario_%26_Sonic.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/57/Mario_%26_Sonic.jpg/360px-Mario_%26_Sonic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/57/Mario_%26_Sonic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="377" data-file-height="263" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mario_%26_Sonic_at_the_Olympic_Games" title="Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Games">Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Games</a> (2007), a Wii game played by miming sports activity</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wii_Remote" title="Wii Remote">Wii Remote</a></div> In 2006, Nintendo released <a href="/wiki/Wii_Sports" title="Wii Sports">Wii Sports</a>, a sports game for the <a href="/wiki/Wii" title="Wii">Wii</a> console in which the player had to physically move their <a href="/wiki/Wii_Remote" title="Wii Remote">Wii Remote</a> to move their <a href="/wiki/Avatar_(computing)" title="Avatar (computing)">avatar</a> known as a <a href="/wiki/Mii" title="Mii">Mii</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Wii_Sports-136">[136]</a> The game contained five different sports—<a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">boxing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bowling" title="Bowling">bowling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">golf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">tennis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">baseball</a>—which could all be played individually or with multiple players. Players could also track their skill progress through the game, as they became more proficient at the different sports, and use the training mode to practice particular situations.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> As of 2013, Wii Sports became the second-highest selling video game of all time.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> The popularity of the Wii and its bundled Wii Sports opened the way for other physically reactive sports-based video games, including from third-parties, such as <a href="/wiki/Super_Swing_Golf" title="Super Swing Golf">Super Swing Golf</a> and <a href="/wiki/We_Love_Golf!" title="We Love Golf!">We Love Golf!</a> based on the sport of golf, <a href="/wiki/Rockstar_Games_Presents_Table_Tennis" title="Rockstar Games Presents Table Tennis">Rockstar Games Presents Table Tennis</a> based on <a href="/wiki/Table_tennis" title="Table tennis">table tennis</a>, <a href="/wiki/MLB_Power_Pros" title="MLB Power Pros">MLB Power Pros</a> based on baseball, and <a href="/wiki/Grand_Slam_Tennis" title="Grand Slam Tennis">Grand Slam Tennis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Virtua_Tennis_2009" title="Virtua Tennis 2009">Virtua Tennis 2009</a> both of which made use of the advanced <a href="/wiki/Wii_MotionPlus" title="Wii MotionPlus">Wii MotionPlus</a> remote. Nintendo themselves also pushed with further motion-based games such as <a href="/wiki/Mario_%26_Sonic_at_the_Olympic_Games" title="Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Games">Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Games</a>, in which players used the Wii Remote to simulate running, jumping and other <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic</a> sports.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> In 2008, Nintendo released <a href="/wiki/Wii_Fit" title="Wii Fit">Wii Fit</a>, which allowed players to do <a href="/wiki/Aerobic_exercise" title="Aerobic exercise">aerobic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Physical_exercise" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical exercise">fitness exercises</a> using the <a href="/wiki/Wii_Balance_Board" title="Wii Balance Board">Wii Balance Board</a>;<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> third-party developers also designed games using the Board, such as the skiing game <a href="/wiki/We_Ski" title="We Ski">We Ski</a>. In a similar light, 2008 saw the release of <a href="/wiki/Mario_Kart_Wii" title="Mario Kart Wii">Mario Kart Wii</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Racing_video_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Racing video game">racing game</a> which allowed the player to use their remote with a <a href="/wiki/Wii_Wheel" class="mw-redirect" title="Wii Wheel">Wii Wheel</a> to act as a steering wheel, akin to those on traditional arcade racing games.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports_games_today_(2010–present)">Sports games today (2010–present)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sports_video_game&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Sports games today (2010–present)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Easports_fifa_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Easports_fifa_logo.svg/220px-Easports_fifa_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Easports_fifa_logo.svg/330px-Easports_fifa_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Easports_fifa_logo.svg/440px-Easports_fifa_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="100" /></a><figcaption>Logo of the FIFA video game</figcaption></figure> The most popular subgenre in Europe is <a href="/wiki/List_of_association_football_video_games" title="List of association football video games">association football games</a>, which up until 2010 was dominated by <a href="/wiki/EA_Sports" title="EA Sports">EA Sports</a> with the <a href="/wiki/FIFA_(video_game_series)" title="FIFA (video game series)">FIFA</a> series and <a href="/wiki/Konami" title="Konami">Konami</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Pro_Evolution_Soccer" title="Pro Evolution Soccer">Pro Evolution Soccer</a> (PES) series. While FIFA was commercially ahead, the sales gap between the two franchises had narrowed. FIFA responded by borrowing gameplay elements from PES to improve FIFA, which eventually pulled ahead commercially by a significant margin in the 2010s and emerged as the world's most successful sports video game franchise.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-guardianFIFA-114">[114]</a> In North America, the sports genre is currently dominated by <a href="/wiki/EA_Sports" title="EA Sports">EA Sports</a> and <a href="/wiki/2K_Sports" class="mw-redirect" title="2K Sports">2K Sports</a>, who hold licenses to produce games based on official leagues. EA's franchises include the <a href="/wiki/Madden_NFL" title="Madden NFL">Madden NFL</a> series, the <a href="/wiki/NHL_(video_game_series)" title="NHL (video game series)">NHL</a> series, the <a href="/wiki/PGA_Tour_(video_game_series)" title="PGA Tour (video game series)">PGA Tour</a> series, the UFC series, the <a href="/wiki/F1_(video_game_series)" title="F1 (video game series)">F1</a> series, the <a href="/wiki/EA_Sports_FC" title="EA Sports FC">EA Sports FC</a> series, and the <a href="/wiki/NBA_Live_(video_game_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="NBA Live (video game series)">NBA Live</a> series. 2K Sports' franchises include the <a href="/wiki/NBA_2K" title="NBA 2K">NBA 2K</a>, <a href="/wiki/PGA_Tour_2K" title="PGA Tour 2K">PGA Tour 2K</a> and <a href="/wiki/WWE_2K" title="WWE 2K">WWE 2K</a> series. 2K recently released <a href="/wiki/TopSpin_2K25" title="TopSpin 2K25">TopSpin 2K25</a>. All of these games feature real leagues, competitions and players. These games continue to sell well today despite many of the product lines being over a decade old, and receive, for the most part, consistently good reviews. With 2K & EA Sports' domination and many sports leagues carrying <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_right" title="Exclusive right">exclusive licences</a>, the North American sports video game market has become very difficult to enter; competing games in any of the above genres, with the exception of racing games, tend to be unsuccessful. This has led to a sharp drop in sports-themed titles over recent years especially with arcade titles. One of the most notable exceptions is Konami's Pro Evolution Soccer series, which is often hailed as an alternative to the FIFA series, but does not contain as many licensed teams, players, kits, or competitions. Another deviation from the norm is Sony's <a href="/wiki/MLB_The_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="MLB The Show">MLB The Show</a> series, which now has a monopoly on the baseball genre after the withdrawal of <a href="/wiki/2K_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="2K Games">2K</a> after <a href="/wiki/MLB_2K13" title="MLB 2K13">MLB 2K13</a>.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> Racing games, due to the variation that the sport can offer in terms of tracks, cars and styles, offer more room for competition and the selection of games on offer has been considerably greater (examples being <a href="/wiki/Formula_One_video_games" title="Formula One video games">F1</a> and the <a href="/wiki/World_Rally_Championship_(video_game_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="World Rally Championship (video game series)">World Rally Championship</a>, and many unlicensed games). Sports management games, while not as popular as they used to be, live on through small and independent software development houses. Management titles today have transitioned to the very popular <a href="/wiki/Fantasy_sport" title="Fantasy sport">fantasy sports</a> leagues, which are available through many websites such as <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo!">Yahoo</a>. Independent developers are also creating sports titles like <a href="/wiki/Super_Mega_Baseball" title="Super Mega Baseball">Super Mega Baseball</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Golf_Club" title="The Golf Club">The Golf Club</a>, and Freestyle2: Street Basketball.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a> has been able to make an impact upon the sports market by producing several <a href="/wiki/Mario" title="Mario">Mario</a>-themed titles, such as <a href="/wiki/Mario_Sports_Mix" title="Mario Sports Mix">Mario Sports Mix</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mario_Golf:_Super_Rush" title="Mario Golf: Super Rush">Mario Golf: Super Rush</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mario_Sports_Superstars" title="Mario Sports Superstars">Mario Sports Superstars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mario_Tennis_Aces" title="Mario Tennis Aces">Mario Tennis Aces</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mario_Strikers:_Battle_League" title="Mario Strikers: Battle League">Mario Strikers: Battle League</a>. These titles sell respectfully, but are only available on Nintendo's <a href="/wiki/Video_game_console" title="Video game console">video game consoles</a>, for example <a href="/wiki/GameCube" title="GameCube">GameCube</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_64" title="Nintendo 64">Nintendo 64</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_3DS" title="Nintendo 3DS">Nintendo 3DS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wii" title="Wii">Wii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wii_U" title="Wii U">Wii U</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Switch" title="Nintendo Switch">Nintendo Switch</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sports_video_game&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sports_icon.png/31px-Sports_icon.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sports_icon.png/47px-Sports_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sports_icon.png/62px-Sports_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="226" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Sports" title="Portal:Sports">Sports portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/WPVG_icon_2016.svg/28px-WPVG_icon_2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/WPVG_icon_2016.svg/42px-WPVG_icon_2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/WPVG_icon_2016.svg/56px-WPVG_icon_2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="249" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Video_games" title="Portal:Video games">Video games portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_sports_video_games" title="Lists of sports video games">Lists of sports video games</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sports_video_game&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output 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Rolenta Press. pp. 10–3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9643848-1-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9643848-1-1"><bdi>978-0-9643848-1-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Videogames%3A+In+the+Beginning&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E10-%3C%2Fspan%3E3&rft.pub=Rolenta+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-9643848-1-1&rft.aulast=Baer&rft.aufirst=Ralph+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FVideogamesInTheBeginningRalphH.Baer%2Fpage%2Fn31%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASports+video+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smith-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_16-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_16-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_16-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_16-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_16-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2019" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Alexander (19 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Cxy_DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT191">They Create Worlds: The Story of the People and Companies That Shaped the Video Game Industry, Vol. I: 1971-1982</a>. <a href="/wiki/CRC_Press" title="CRC Press">CRC Press</a>. pp. 191–95. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-429-75261-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-429-75261-2"><bdi>978-0-429-75261-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=They+Create+Worlds%3A+The+Story+of+the+People+and+Companies+That+Shaped+the+Video+Game+Industry%2C+Vol.+I%3A+1971-1982&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E191-%3C%2Fspan%3E95&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2019-11-19&rft.isbn=978-0-429-75261-2&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCxy_DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASports+video+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Akagi-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Akagi_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Akagi_17-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Akagi_17-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkagi2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Akagi, Masumi (13 October 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ArcadeGameList1971-2005/page/n29/mode/2up">アーケードTVゲームリスト国内•海外編(1971-2005)</a> [Arcade TV Game List: Domestic • Overseas Edition (1971-2005)] (in Japanese). Japan: Amusement News Agency. pp. 28, 40–1, 51, 129. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4990251215" title="Special:BookSources/978-4990251215"><bdi>978-4990251215</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B1%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89TV%E3%82%B2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E2%80%A2%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E7%B7%A8%281971-2005%29&rft.place=Japan&rft.pages=28%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E40-%3C%2Fspan%3E1%2C+51%2C+129&rft.pub=Amusement+News+Agency&rft.date=2006-10-13&rft.isbn=978-4990251215&rft.aulast=Akagi&rft.aufirst=Masumi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FArcadeGameList1971-2005%2Fpage%2Fn29%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASports+video+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kohler-16-18"><a href="#cite_ref-Kohler-16_18-0">^</a> Chris Kohler (2005), Power-up: how Japanese video games gave the world an extra life, p. 16, <a href="/wiki/BradyGames" class="mw-redirect" title="BradyGames">BradyGames</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7440-0424-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7440-0424-1">0-7440-0424-1</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFwww.arcadeflyers.com" class="citation web cs1">www.arcadeflyers.com, Daniel Hower, Eric Jacobson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://flyers.arcade-museum.com/?page=thumbs&db=videodb&id=4054">"The Arcade Flyer Archive - Video Game Flyers: Soccer, Taito"</a>. flyers.arcade-museum.com. Retrieved 25 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=flyers.arcade-museum.com&rft.atitle=The+Arcade+Flyer+Archive+-+Video+Game+Flyers%3A+Soccer%2C+Taito&rft.aulast=www.arcadeflyers.com&rft.aufirst=Daniel+Hower%2C+Eric+Jacobson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fflyers.arcade-museum.com%2F%3Fpage%3Dthumbs%26db%3Dvideodb%26id%3D4054&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASports+video+game" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arcade-museum.com/game_detail.php?game_id=9128">Pro Hockey</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Killer_List_of_Videogames" class="mw-redirect" title="Killer List of Videogames">Killer List of Videogames</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-RePlay-21"><a href="#cite_ref-RePlay_21-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">RePlay. October 15, 1986. <q>Foreign control over the American video game industry has been increasing gradually since Taito America opened its doors in 1973. The first landmark event came in February, 1974, when Taito licensed the first Japanese video, TV Basketball, to Atari.</q></cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColbyJohnsonColby2021" class="citation book cs1">Colby, Richard; Johnson, Matthew S. S.; Colby, Rebekah Shultz (27 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vZoXEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA130">The Ethics of Playing, Researching, and Teaching Games in the Writing Classroom</a>. <a href="/wiki/Springer_Nature" title="Springer Nature">Springer Nature</a>. p. 130. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-030-63311-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-030-63311-0"><bdi>978-3-030-63311-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ethics+of+Playing%2C+Researching%2C+and+Teaching+Games+in+the+Writing+Classroom&rft.pages=130&rft.pub=Springer+Nature&rft.date=2021-01-27&rft.isbn=978-3-030-63311-0&rft.aulast=Colby&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Matthew+S.+S.&rft.au=Colby%2C+Rebekah+Shultz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvZoXEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA130&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASports+video+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arcade-museum.com/game_detail.php?game_id=7025">Basketball</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Killer_List_of_Videogames" class="mw-redirect" title="Killer List of Videogames">Killer List of Videogames</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://flyers.arcade-museum.com/?page=thumbs&db=videodb&id=4036">"Video Game Flyers: Basketball, Taito (EU)"</a>. The Arcade Flyer Archive. Retrieved 2 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Arcade+Flyer+Archive&rft.atitle=Video+Game+Flyers%3A+Basketball%2C+Taito+%28EU%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fflyers.arcade-museum.com%2F%3Fpage%3Dthumbs%26db%3Dvideodb%26id%3D4036&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASports+video+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">RePlay. April 15, 1986. <q>Midway licensed TV Basketball from Taito and set a production record of 1,400 games. Midway topped that record when it introduced Wheels</q></cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ali-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ali_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ali_26-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ali_26-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ali_26-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ali_26-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAli2019" class="citation book cs1">Ali, Reyan (22 October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9zC-DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA18">NBA Jam</a>. <a href="/wiki/Boss_Fight_Books" title="Boss Fight Books">Boss Fight Books</a>. pp. 18–22, 34–5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-940535-20-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-940535-20-3"><bdi>978-1-940535-20-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=NBA+Jam&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E18-%3C%2Fspan%3E22%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E34-%3C%2Fspan%3E5&rft.pub=Boss+Fight+Books&rft.date=2019-10-22&rft.isbn=978-1-940535-20-3&rft.aulast=Ali&rft.aufirst=Reyan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9zC-DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASports+video+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThorpe2014" class="citation magazine cs1">Thorpe, Nick (March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/retro_gamer/RetroGamer_127/page/26/mode/2up">"The 70s: The Genesis of an Industry"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Retro_Gamer" title="Retro Gamer">Retro Gamer</a>. No. 127. pp. 24–7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Retro+Gamer&rft.atitle=The+70s%3A+The+Genesis+of+an+Industry&rft.issue=127&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E24-%3C%2Fspan%3E7&rft.date=2014-03&rft.aulast=Thorpe&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fretro_gamer%2FRetroGamer_127%2Fpage%2F26%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASports+video+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lostmediawiki.com/EVR_Race_(lost_arcade_Nintendo_game;_1975)">"EVR Race (lost arcade Nintendo game; 1975) - The Lost Media Wiki"</a>. lostmediawiki.com. Retrieved 25 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lostmediawiki.com&rft.atitle=EVR+Race+%28lost+arcade+Nintendo+game%3B+1975%29+-+The+Lost+Media+Wiki&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flostmediawiki.com%2FEVR_Race_%28lost_arcade_Nintendo_game%3B_1975%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASports+video+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-iwataasks1-29"><a href="#cite_ref-iwataasks1_29-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iwataasks.nintendo.com/interviews/#/wii/punchout/0/0">"Iwata Asks: Punch-Out!! - The Proposition is to Use Two Televisions"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a>. 2009-08-07. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100111064027/http://us.wii.com/iwata_asks/punchout/vol1_page1.jsp">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2010. Retrieved 2009-08-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iwata+Asks%3A+Punch-Out%21%21+-+The+Proposition+is+to+Use+Two+Televisions&rft.pub=Nintendo&rft.date=2009-08-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fiwataasks.nintendo.com%2Finterviews%2F%23%2Fwii%2Fpunchout%2F0%2F0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASports+video+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lendino-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lendino_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lendino_30-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lendino_30-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lendino_30-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lendino_30-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLendino2020" class="citation book cs1">Lendino, Jamie (27 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=d6wCEAAAQBAJ">Attract Mode: The Rise and Fall of Coin-Op Arcade Games</a>. Steel Gear Press. pp. 272, 334.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Attract+Mode%3A+The+Rise+and+Fall+of+Coin-Op+Arcade+Games&rft.pages=272%2C+334&rft.pub=Steel+Gear+Press&rft.date=2020-09-27&rft.aulast=Lendino&rft.aufirst=Jamie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dd6wCEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASports+video+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121206043053/http://www.1up.com/features/20-years-street-fighter">"20 Years of Whoop-Ass"</a>. <a href="/wiki/1UP.com" class="mw-redirect" title="1UP.com">1UP</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1up.com/features/20-years-street-fighter">the original</a> on 6 December 2012. Retrieved 25 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=1UP&rft.atitle=20+Years+of+Whoop-Ass&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.1up.com%2Ffeatures%2F20-years-street-fighter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASports+video+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/segaarcadehistoryfamitsudc/page/n35">Sega Arcade History</a>. <a href="/wiki/Famitsu_DC" class="mw-redirect" title="Famitsu DC">Famitsu DC</a> (in Japanese). <a href="/wiki/Enterbrain" title="Enterbrain">Enterbrain</a>. 2002. p. 34.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sega+Arcade+History&rft.series=Famitsu+DC&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=Enterbrain&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsegaarcadehistoryfamitsudc%2Fpage%2Fn35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASports+video+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sega.jp/history/arcade/product/15316/">"WORLD CUP（ワールドカップ）"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sega" title="Sega">Sega</a> (in Japanese). Retrieved 2 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sega&rft.atitle=WORLD+CUP%EF%BC%88%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89%E3%82%AB%E3%83%83%E3%83%97%EF%BC%89&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsega.jp%2Fhistory%2Farcade%2Fproduct%2F15316%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASports+video+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> The trackball can be clearly seen on the flyer: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://segaretro.org/images/d/dc/WorldCup_DiscreteLogic_US_Flyer.pdf">https://segaretro.org/images/d/dc/WorldCup_DiscreteLogic_US_Flyer.pdf</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-atari_production99-35"><a href="#cite_ref-atari_production99_35-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130510143012/http://www.atarigames.com/atarinumbers90s.pdf">"Production Numbers"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Atari" title="Atari">Atari</a>. 1999. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atarigames.com/atarinumbers90s.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 10 May 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Production+Numbers&rft.pub=Atari&rft.date=1999&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atarigames.com%2Fatarinumbers90s.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASports+video+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atarifootball.com/joomla/index.php/history-football">"History of Atari Football"</a>. Atarifootball.com. 4 July 2009. Retrieved 2011-07-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Atari+Football&rft.pub=Atarifootball.com&rft.date=2009-07-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atarifootball.com%2Fjoomla%2Findex.php%2Fhistory-football&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASports+video+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStilphen2017" class="citation news cs1">Stilphen, Scott (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ataricompendium.com/archives/interviews/michael_albaugh/interview_michael_albaugh.html">"Michael Albaugh interview"</a>. Atari Compendium. Retrieved 2 May 2021. <q>I saw a soccer game with one (I remember only that it was Japanese, and a soccer game. Taito is plausible)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atari+Compendium&rft.atitle=Michael+Albaugh+interview&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Stilphen&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ataricompendium.com%2Farchives%2Finterviews%2Fmichael_albaugh%2Finterview_michael_albaugh.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASports+video+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKent2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Steven_L._Kent" title="Steven L. Kent">Kent, Steve L.</a> (2001). <a href="/wiki/The_ultimate_history_of_video_games:_from_Pong_to_Pok%C3%A9mon_and_beyond_:_the_story_behind_the_craze_that_touched_our_lives_and_changed_the_world" class="mw-redirect" title="The ultimate history of video games: from Pong to Pokémon and beyond : the story behind the craze that touched our lives and changed the world">The ultimate history of video games: from Pong to Pokémon and beyond : the story behind the craze that touched our lives and changed the world</a>. Prima. p. 118. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7615-3643-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7615-3643-4"><bdi>0-7615-3643-4</bdi></a>. <q>Contrary to a popular notion, Football was not the first game to use a trak-ball controller. According to Dave Stubben, who created the hardware for Atari Football, Taito beat Atari to market with a soccer game that used one. According to Steve Bristow, when his engineers saw the game, they brought a copy into their lab and imitated it.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+ultimate+history+of+video+games%3A+from+Pong+to+Pok%C3%A9mon+and+beyond+%3A+the+story+behind+the+craze+that+touched+our+lives+and+changed+the+world&rft.pages=118&rft.pub=Prima&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-7615-3643-4&rft.aulast=Kent&rft.aufirst=Steve+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASports+video+game" class="Z3988"> However, Taito's Soccer did not use a trackball. It seems likely they misremembered, and they were actually inspired by Sega's World Cup. </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Video Games". RePlay. November 1979.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RePlay&rft.atitle=Video+Games&rft.date=1979-11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASports+video+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-reed-40"><a href="#cite_ref-reed_40-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReed" class="citation web cs1">Reed, Matthew. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trs-80.org/olympic-decathlon/">"Olympic Decathlon"</a>. TRS-80.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TRS-80.org&rft.atitle=Olympic+Decathlon&rft.aulast=Reed&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.trs-80.org%2Folympic-decathlon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASports+video+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091129200759/http://intellivisionlives.com/bluesky/games/credits/space.html">"Intellivision Apace Action Network"</a>. Intellivision Lives. Archived from the original on 2009-11-29. Retrieved 2009-05-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Intellivision+Apace+Action+Network&rft.pub=Intellivision+Lives&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fintellivisionlives.com%2Fbluesky%2Fgames%2Fcredits%2Fspace.html%23comments&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASports+video+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-JAMMA-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JAMMA_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JAMMA_42-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JAMMA_42-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JAMMA_42-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/80s/1983/CB-1983-10-15.PDF#page=45">""Somber" JAMMA Show Hosts Five Laser Disc Games"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Cash_Box" class="mw-redirect" title="Cash Box">Cash Box</a>. October 15, 1983. pp. 32, 34. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200813200018/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/80s/1983/CB-1983-10-15.PDF">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on August 13, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cash+Box&rft.atitle=%22Somber%22+JAMMA+Show+Hosts+Five+Laser+Disc+Games&rft.pages=32%2C+34&rft.date=1983-10-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-All-Music%2FCash-Box%2F80s%2F1983%2FCB-1983-10-15.PDF%23page%3D45&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASports+video+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CashMachine-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CashMachine_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CashMachine_43-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/80s/1983/CB-1983-11-12.PDF#page=32">"Cash Machine"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Cash_Box" class="mw-redirect" title="Cash Box">Cash Box</a>. November 12, 1983. pp. 30–4. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200813200243/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/80s/1983/CB-1983-11-12.PDF">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on August 13, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cash+Box&rft.atitle=Cash+Machine&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E30-%3C%2Fspan%3E4&rft.date=1983-11-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-All-Music%2FCash-Box%2F80s%2F1983%2FCB-1983-11-12.PDF%23page%3D32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASports+video+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Famitsu-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Famitsu_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Famitsu_44-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Famitsu_44-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/segaarcadehistoryfamitsudc/page/n48">Sega Arcade History</a>. <a href="/wiki/Famitsu_DC" class="mw-redirect" title="Famitsu DC">Famitsu DC</a> (in Japanese). <a href="/wiki/Enterbrain" title="Enterbrain">Enterbrain</a>. 2002. p. 47.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sega+Arcade+History&rft.series=Famitsu+DC&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Enterbrain&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsegaarcadehistoryfamitsudc%2Fpage%2Fn48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASports+video+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Champion-45">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Champion_45-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Champion_45-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Champion_45-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Champion_45-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sega.jp/history/arcade/product/7497/">"チャンピオンベースボール"</a> [Champion Baseball]. <a href="/wiki/Sega" title="Sega">Sega</a> (in Japanese). Retrieved 2 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sega&rft.atitle=%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%94%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%99%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9C%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsega.jp%2Fhistory%2Farcade%2Fproduct%2F7497%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASports+video+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-eg_baseball-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eg_baseball_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-eg_baseball_46-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Electronic_Games_Volume_02_Number_10_1983-12_Reese_Communications_US/page/n11">"Japan's Latest Coin-Op Set To Hit North America"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Games" title="Electronic Games">Electronic Games</a>. Vol. 2, no. 22. December 1983. p. 12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electronic+Games&rft.atitle=Japan%27s+Latest+Coin-Op+Set+To+Hit+North+America&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=22&rft.pages=12&rft.date=1983-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FElectronic_Games_Volume_02_Number_10_1983-12_Reese_Communications_US%2Fpage%2Fn11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASports+video+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CB-47"><a href="#cite_ref-CB_47-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/80s/1983/CB-1983-06-18.pdf#page=33">"#1 Game In Japan: Sega Electronics To Bring 'Champion Baseball' Vid to U.S."</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Cash_Box" class="mw-redirect" title="Cash Box">Cash Box</a>. June 16, 1983. pp. 33–4. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200813195404/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/80s/1983/CB-1983-06-18.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on August 13, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cash+Box&rft.atitle=%231+Game+In+Japan%3A+Sega+Electronics+To+Bring+%27Champion+Baseball%27+Vid+to+U.S.&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E33-%3C%2Fspan%3E4&rft.date=1983-06-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-All-Music%2FCash-Box%2F80s%2F1983%2FCB-1983-06-18.pdf%23page%3D33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASports+video+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arcade-museum.com/game_detail.php?game_id=2728">Champion Baseball</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Killer_List_of_Videogames" class="mw-redirect" title="Killer List of Videogames">Killer List of Videogames</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arcade-museum.com/game_detail.php?game_id=10180">Track and Field</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Killer_List_of_Videogames" class="mw-redirect" title="Killer List of Videogames">Killer List of Videogames</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> RePlay, January 1984 </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/80s/1984/CB-1984-09-08.pdf#page=28">"Nominees Announced For 1984 AMOA Awards"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Cash_Box" class="mw-redirect" title="Cash Box">Cash Box</a>. September 8, 1984. p. 28. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200814200326/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/80s/1984/CB-1984-09-08.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on August 14, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cash+Box&rft.atitle=Nominees+Announced+For+1984+AMOA+Awards&rft.pages=28&rft.date=1984-09-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-All-Music%2FCash-Box%2F80s%2F1984%2FCB-1984-09-08.pdf%23page%3D28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASports+video+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-YS-52">^ <a href="#cite_ref-YS_52-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-YS_52-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-YS_52-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/your-sinclair-01/page/n53">"Commando: Soldier of Fortune"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Your_Sinclair" title="Your Sinclair">Your Sinclair</a>. 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Retrieved 6 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Business+Times&rft.atitle=MLB+2K14+Release+Date%3A+2K+Cancels+Series%2C+No+Baseball+Games+Available+For+Xbox+360+And+Xbox+One&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Kahlil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.idigitaltimes.com%2Farticles%2F21390%2F20140107%2Fmlb-2k14-release-date-2k-cancels-series.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASports+video+game" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSillis2015" class="citation news cs1">Sillis, Ben (April 2, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.redbull.com/ca/en/games/stories/1331714827286/5-amazing-indie-sports-games-you-ve-never-played">"The amazing indie sports games you've never played"</a>. RedBull. 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(19 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://salford-repository.worktribe.com/preview/2215298/1-s2.0-S1389128623005509-main.pdf">"Is it in the Game? Reconsidering Play Spaces, Game Definitions, Theming, and Sports Videogames"</a> (PDF). Games and Culture. 10 (6): 571–592. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1555412014566235">10.1177/1555412014566235</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143970698">143970698</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Games+and+Culture&rft.atitle=Is+it+in+the+Game%3F+Reconsidering+Play+Spaces%2C+Game+Definitions%2C+Theming%2C+and+Sports+Videogames&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E571-%3C%2Fspan%3E592&rft.date=2015-01-19&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1555412014566235&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143970698%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Crawford&rft.aufirst=G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsalford-repository.worktribe.com%2Fpreview%2F2215298%2F1-s2.0-S1389128623005509-main.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASports+video+game" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMia_ConsalvoKonstantin_MitgutschAbe_Stein2013" class="citation book cs1">Mia Consalvo; Konstantin Mitgutsch; Abe Stein (2013-07-18). Sports Videogames. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-19199-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-19199-2"><bdi>978-1-136-19199-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sports+Videogames&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-07-18&rft.isbn=978-1-136-19199-2&rft.au=Mia+Consalvo&rft.au=Konstantin+Mitgutsch&rft.au=Abe+Stein&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASports+video+game" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sport546" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sport" title="Template:Sport"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sport" title="Template talk:Sport"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sport" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sport"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sport546" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sport" title="Sport">Sport</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Individual_sport" title="Individual sport">Individual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_sport" title="Team sport">Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_sports" title="Military sports">Military sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasports" title="Parasports">Parasports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_sports" title="Women's sports">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_sports" title="Professional sports">Professional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-professional_sports" title="Semi-professional sports">Semi-professional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amateur_sports" title="Amateur sports">Amateur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sports_science" title="Sports science">Science</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exercise" title="Exercise">Exercise</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sports_biomechanics" title="Sports biomechanics">Biomechanics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Practice_(learning_method)" title="Practice (learning method)">Practice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_periodization" title="Sports periodization">Periodization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exercise_physiology" title="Exercise physiology">Physiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strength_training" title="Strength training">Strength training</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doping_in_sport" title="Doping in sport">Doping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_medicine" title="Sports medicine">Medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athletic_training" title="Athletic training">Athletic training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_chiropractic" title="Sports chiropractic">Chriopractic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_injury" title="Sports injury">Injury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_physician" title="Team physician">Physicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_psychology" title="Sport psychology">Psychology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_nutrition" title="Sports nutrition">Nutrition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bodybuilding_supplement" title="Bodybuilding supplement">Bodybuilding supplements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_drink" title="Sports drink">Sports drink</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_pedagogy" title="Sport pedagogy">Pedagogy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Physical_education" title="Physical education">Physical education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_activity" title="Physical activity">Physical activity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_rating_system" title="Sports rating system">Rating system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_sport" title="Sociology of sport">Sociology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sports_club" title="Sports club">Clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_governing_body" title="Sports governing body">Governing bodies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_league" title="Sports league">Leagues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Season_(sports)" title="Season (sports)">Season</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playoffs" title="Playoffs">Postseason</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_school" title="Sports school">School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_team" title="Sports team">Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_sports_federations" title="List of international sports federations">International</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sport_management" title="Sport management">Business</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sports_agent" title="Sports agent">Agents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_of_sports_events" title="Broadcasting of sports events">Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_economics" title="Sports economics">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_industry" title="Sport industry">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_marketing" title="Sports marketing">Marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sponsor_(commercial)" title="Sponsor (commercial)">Sponsorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_(sports)" title="Trade (sports)">Trade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sport_communication" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport communication">Communication</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_manager" title="General manager">General managers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_journalism" title="Sports journalism">Journalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sports_magazine" title="Sports magazine">Magazines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_podcast" title="Sports podcast">Podcasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_radio" title="Sports radio">Radio</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promoter_(entertainment)" title="Promoter (entertainment)">Promoters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sports_betting" title="Sports betting">Betting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cheerleaders" title="List of cheerleaders">Cheerleaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports entertainment">Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_(person)" title="Fan (person)">Fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_sport" title="History of sport">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_memorabilia" title="Sports memorabilia">Memorabilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_(sports)" title="Name (sports)">Naming</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sportspeople_with_nicknames" title="List of sportspeople with nicknames">Nicknames</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Number_(sports)" title="Number (sports)">Numbering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympism" title="Olympism">Olympic culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_sport" title="Philosophy of sport">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sports_rivalries" title="List of sports rivalries">Rivalries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mascot" title="Mascot">Sports mascots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sportsmanship" title="Sportsmanship">Sportsmanship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_in_sports" title="Violence in sports">Violence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sports_equipment" title="Sports equipment">Equipment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_turf" title="Artificial turf">Artificial turf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ball" title="Ball">Balls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caving_equipment" title="Caving equipment">Caving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exercise_equipment" title="Exercise equipment">Exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frisbee" title="Frisbee">Flying disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sportswear" title="Sportswear">Sportswear</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_and_sports" title="Politics and sports">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sports_law_in_the_United_States" title="Sports law in the United States">Sports law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_sports" title="Ministry of sports">Ministries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_sport" title="National sport">National sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_sport" title="Regulation of sport">Regulation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sport by region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Africa" title="Sport in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Australia" title="Sport in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Asia" title="Sports in Asia">Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_South_Asia" title="Sport in South Asia">South Asia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Europe" title="Sport in Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_North_America" title="Sports in North America">North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Oceania" title="Sport in Oceania">Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_South_America" title="Sport in South America">South America</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Other_regions13" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_sports" title="Western sports">Western world</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sports_icon.png/16px-Sports_icon.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sports_icon.png/24px-Sports_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sports_icon.png/32px-Sports_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="226" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Sports" title="Portal:Sports">Sports portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Sports" title="Category:Sports">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_sports" title="Outline of sports">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Video_game_genres350" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Video_game_genre" title="Template:Video game genre"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Video_game_genre" title="Template talk:Video game genre"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Video_game_genre" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Video game genre"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Video_game_genres350" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Video_game_genre" title="Video game genre">Video game genres</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_video_game_genres" title="List of video game genres">List of video game genres</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Action_game" title="Action game">Action</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Platformer" title="Platformer">Platformer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endless_runner" title="Endless runner">Endless runner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform_fighter" title="Platform fighter">Platform fighter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shooter_game" title="Shooter game">Shooter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arena_shooter" title="Arena shooter">Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First-person_shooter" title="First-person shooter">First-person</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hero_shooter" title="Hero shooter">Hero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_gun_shooter" class="mw-redirect" title="Light gun shooter">Light gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoot_%27em_up" title="Shoot 'em up">Shoot 'em up</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bullet_hell" title="Bullet hell">Bullet hell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_shooter" title="Rail shooter">Rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin-stick_shooter" title="Twin-stick shooter">Twin-stick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tactical_shooter" title="Tactical shooter">Tactical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third-person_shooter" title="Third-person shooter">Third-person</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Survival_game" title="Survival game">Survival</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_royale_game" title="Battle royale game">Battle royale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survival_horror" title="Survival horror">Survival horror</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beat_%27em_up" title="Beat 'em up">Beat 'em up</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hack_and_slash" title="Hack and slash">Hack and slash</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighting_game" title="Fighting game">Fighting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Platform_fighter" title="Platform fighter">Platform fighter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maze_video_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Maze video game">Maze</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pac-Man_clones" title="List of Pac-Man clones">Pac-Man clone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snake_(video_game_genre)" title="Snake (video game genre)">Snake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stealth_game" title="Stealth game">Stealth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-green-history.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-green-history.svg/60px-Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-green-history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-green-history.svg/90px-Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-green-history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-green-history.svg/120px-Video-Game-Controller-Icon-IDV-green-history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="249" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Action-adventure_game" title="Action-adventure game">Action-adventure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Theft_Auto_clone" title="Grand Theft Auto clone">Grand Theft Auto clone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metroidvania" title="Metroidvania">Metroidvania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adventure_game" title="Adventure game">Adventure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Escape_room_video_game" title="Escape room video game">Escape room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_graphic_adventure_games" title="List of graphic adventure games">Graphic adventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interactive_fiction" title="Interactive fiction">Interactive fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interactive_film" title="Interactive film">Interactive film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_novel" title="Visual novel">Visual novel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_simulator" title="Walking simulator">Walking sim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_tabletop_game" title="Digital tabletop game">Digital tabletop</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deck-building_game" title="Deck-building game">Deck-building</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roguelike_deck-building_game" title="Roguelike deck-building game">Roguelike deck-building</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_collectible_card_game" title="Digital collectible card game">Digital collectible card</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Puzzle_video_game" title="Puzzle video game">Puzzle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_object_game" title="Hidden object game">Hidden object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokoban" title="Sokoban">Sokoban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tile-matching_video_game" title="Tile-matching video game">Tile-matching</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Role-playing_video_game" title="Role-playing video game">Role-playing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_role-playing_game" title="Action role-playing game">Action role-playing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Looter_shooter" title="Looter shooter">Looter shooter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soulslike" title="Soulslike">Soulslike</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungeon_crawl" title="Dungeon crawl">Dungeon crawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massively_multiplayer_online_role-playing_game" title="Massively multiplayer online role-playing game">MMORPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster-taming_game" title="Monster-taming game">Monster-taming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roguelike" title="Roguelike">Roguelike</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roguelike_deck-building_game" title="Roguelike deck-building game">Roguelike deck-building</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tactical_role-playing_game" title="Tactical role-playing game">Tactical role-playing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Simulation_video_game" title="Simulation video game">Simulation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Life_simulation_game" title="Life simulation game">Life</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dating_sim" title="Dating sim">Dating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farm_life_sim" title="Farm life sim">Farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_game" title="God game">God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_simulation_game" title="Social simulation game">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_pet" title="Virtual pet">Virtual pet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Construction_and_management_simulation" title="Construction and management simulation">CMS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_simulation_game" title="Business simulation game">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City-building_game" title="City-building game">City-building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_simulation_game" title="Government simulation game">Government</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_video_game" title="Fishing video game">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racing_game" title="Racing game">Racing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kart_racing_game" title="Kart racing game">Kart racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sim_racing" title="Sim racing">Sim racing</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_simulation_game" title="Vehicle simulation game">Vehicle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flight_simulation_video_game" title="Flight simulation video game">Flight simulation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Combat_flight_simulation_game" title="Combat flight simulation game">Combat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Lander_(video_game_genre)" title="Lunar Lander (video game genre)">Lunar Lander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_flight_simulation_game" title="Space flight simulation game">Space</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_simulator" title="Submarine simulator">Submarine simulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Train_simulator" title="Train simulator">Train simulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicular_combat_game" title="Vehicular combat game">Vehicular combat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falling-sand_game" title="Falling-sand game">Falling-sand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immersive_sim" title="Immersive sim">Immersive sim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Strategy_video_game" title="Strategy video game">Strategy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4X" title="4X">4X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auto_battler" title="Auto battler">Auto battler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiplayer_online_battle_arena" title="Multiplayer online battle arena">MOBA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real-time_strategy" title="Real-time strategy">Real-time strategy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Time_management_game" title="Time management game">Time management</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real-time_tactics" title="Real-time tactics">Real-time tactics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tactical_role-playing_game" title="Tactical role-playing game">Tactical role-playing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_defense" title="Tower defense">Tower defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turn-based_strategy" class="mw-redirect" title="Turn-based strategy">Turn-based strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turn-based_tactics" title="Turn-based tactics">Turn-based tactics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artillery_game" title="Artillery game">Artillery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_wargame" title="Computer wargame">Wargame</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_strategy_wargame" title="Grand strategy wargame">Grand strategy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cozy_game" title="Cozy game">Cozy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitness_game" title="Fitness game">Fitness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_game" title="Horror game">Horror</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Survival_horror" title="Survival horror">Survival horror</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incremental_game" title="Incremental game">Incremental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_video_game" title="Music video game">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_game" title="Rhythm game">Rhythm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-game" title="Non-game">Non-game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_video_game" title="Party video game">Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_game" title="Photography game">Photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programming_game" title="Programming game">Programming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typing_game" title="Typing game">Typing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Themes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advergame" title="Advergame">Advergame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bish%C5%8Djo_game" title="Bishōjo game">Bishōjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_video_game" title="Christian video game">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_in_video_games" title="Comedy in video games">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_video_game" title="Educational video game">Educational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girls%27_video_games" title="Girls' video games">Girls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licensed_game" title="Licensed game">Licensed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otome_game" title="Otome game">Otome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_content_in_video_games" title="Sexual content in video games">Sexual</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eroge" title="Eroge">Eroge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolent_video_game" title="Nonviolent video game">Nonviolent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personalized_video_game" title="Personalized video game">Personalized</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_video_game" title="Science fiction video game">Sci-fi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serious_game" title="Serious game">Serious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_game" title="Art game">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_video_game" title="Climate change video game">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newsgame" title="Newsgame">News</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Player modes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multiplayer_video_game" title="Multiplayer video game">Multiplayer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative_video_game" title="Cooperative video game">Co-op</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massively_multiplayer_online_game" title="Massively multiplayer online game">MMO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Player_versus_player" title="Player versus player">PVP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-player_video_game" title="Single-player video game">Single-player</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AAA_(video_game_industry)" title="AAA (video game industry)">AAA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indie_game" title="Indie game">Indie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doujin_soft" title="Doujin soft">Doujin soft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_game" title="Fan game">Fan game</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Design</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casual_game" title="Casual game">Casual</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypercasual_game" title="Hypercasual game">Hypercasual</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergent_gameplay" title="Emergent gameplay">Emergent gameplay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full-motion_video" title="Full-motion video">FMV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gacha_game" title="Gacha game">Gacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaizo" title="Kaizo">Kaizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masocore" title="Masocore">Masocore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonlinear_gameplay" title="Nonlinear gameplay">Nonlinear gameplay</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_world" title="Open world">Open world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandbox_game" title="Sandbox game">Sandbox</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Side-scrolling_video_game" title="Side-scrolling video game">Side-scrolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitch_gameplay" title="Twitch gameplay">Twitch gameplay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertically_scrolling_video_game" title="Vertically scrolling video game">Vertically scrolling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minigame" title="Minigame">Minigame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toys-to-life" title="Toys-to-life">Toys-to-life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_clone" title="Video game clone">Video game clone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_modding" title="Video game modding">Video game modding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_remake" title="Video game remake">Video game remake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox391" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868217#identifiers" 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