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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Earliest attested Athenian coinage</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ATTICA,_Athens._Circa_545-525-15_BC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ancient silver coin, showing a Gorgon's head on the obverse and a quadripartite incuse square on the reverse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/ATTICA%2C_Athens._Circa_545-525-15_BC.jpg/220px-ATTICA%2C_Athens._Circa_545-525-15_BC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/ATTICA%2C_Athens._Circa_545-525-15_BC.jpg/330px-ATTICA%2C_Athens._Circa_545-525-15_BC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/ATTICA%2C_Athens._Circa_545-525-15_BC.jpg/440px-ATTICA%2C_Athens._Circa_545-525-15_BC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption>Wappenmünzen didrachm featuring the <a href="/wiki/Gorgoneion" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorgoneion">Gorgoneion</a> design, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 545-525</span> BCE</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Wappenmünzen</b> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Wappenmünzen</i>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'Heraldic coins', singular <b><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Wappenmünze</i></span></b>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈvapənˌmʏntsə]</a></span>) are the earliest attested form of <a href="/wiki/Athenian_coinage" class="mw-redirect" title="Athenian coinage">Athenian coinage</a>, minted in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Athens" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Athens">Ancient Athens</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Peisistratids" class="mw-redirect" title="Peisistratids">Peisistratids</a> during the late 6th century BCE. The term refers to an array of silver and <a href="/wiki/Electrum" title="Electrum">electrum</a> coinage minted prior to the use of the <a href="/wiki/Owl_of_Athena" title="Owl of Athena">Owl of Athena</a>, an emblematic design used on all later Athenian coinage. Initially interpreted by <a href="/wiki/Numismatist" title="Numismatist">numismatists</a> as the heraldic devices of Athenian noble families, the varied designs of the wappenmünzen are now generally thought to represent individual mint magistrates, in line with contemporary practices in East Greek coinage. In contrast to later Athenian silver coins, the wappenmünzen were minted from imported silver, predating the Classical expansion of the <a href="/wiki/Mines_of_Laurion" title="Mines of Laurion">Laurion Mines</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wappenm%C3%BCnzen&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Summary">Summary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wappenm%C3%BCnzen&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Summary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although Athenian historical works such as <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Athenians_(Aristotle)" title="Constitution of the Athenians (Aristotle)"><i>Athenaion politeia</i></a> attributes a reform of Athenian coinage to <a href="/wiki/Solon" title="Solon">Solon</a>, modern scholarship interprets Solon's economic reforms as referring to the weights of raw silver for trade expressed in units of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_drachma" title="Ancient drachma">drachma</a>, rather than minted coinage.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Athens_545-510_BC_Didrachm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Athens_545-510_BC_Didrachm.jpg/220px-Athens_545-510_BC_Didrachm.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Athens_545-510_BC_Didrachm.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="163" /></a><figcaption>Wappenmünzen didrachm with four-spoked wheel, 545-510 BCE.</figcaption></figure> <p>The initial date for the minting of wappenmünzen is generally placed during the rule of <a href="/wiki/Pisistratus" title="Pisistratus">Peisistratus</a>. Dates corresponding to his first (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 560 BCE</span>) or final tyranny (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 546 – 527 BCE</span>) are both plausible,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although dates in the early portion of his third tyranny are supported by the need to finance military expeditions during this period, leading to a tentative date of <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 546–535 BCE</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fourteen distinct wappenmünzen issues are attested in the archaeological record, primarily in a didrachm denomination.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Late in the Peisistratid era, tetradrachm wappenmünzen were introduced alongside a Gorgoneion design on both the tetradrachm and didrachm. The Gorgoneia wappenmünzen were the first static design of Athenian coinage, and potentially the first two-sided coinage of Ancient Greece.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Archaic Athenian <a href="/wiki/Electrum" title="Electrum">electrum</a> coinage is contemporary and typically associated with the later wappenmünzen.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Surface deposits of Attic silver had been exploited since the <a href="/wiki/Helladic_chronology#Middle_Helladic_(MH)" title="Helladic chronology">Middle Helladic period</a>, but these were almost completely exhausted by the 6th century, collaborated by a lack of silver finds in period strata. As underground mining at the <a href="/wiki/Laurion_mines" class="mw-redirect" title="Laurion mines">Laurion Mines</a> only began during the late 6th century, primary silver sources under the Peisistratids were in <a href="/wiki/Thraco-Macedonian" title="Thraco-Macedonian">Thraco-Macedonian</a> deposits acquired by military expeditions, especially around the <a href="/wiki/Struma_(river)" title="Struma (river)">Styrmon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Design">Design</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wappenm%C3%BCnzen&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wappenmünzen were minted in a variety of obverse designs, although the reverses were primarily an incuse square divided into four segments diagonally. Later in the series, a small 'feline head' within one of the reverse segments, and a fully fledged reverse motif on didrachm and tetradrachm minted shortly before the transition to the 'owl' series.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electrum_issues">Electrum issues</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wappenm%C3%BCnzen&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Electrum issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The late 6th century saw Athens' only mintage of electrum coinage, usually classified as wappenmünzen due to their age and shared designs. Three obverse designs of electrum wappenmünzen are known, featuring bulls, wheels, and owls. The bull and wheel types share the quadripartite incuse square characteristic of other wappenmünzen, but the owl type features a controversially interpreted reverse design (possibly an alpha, delta, or alpha-tau monogram) not characteristic of any other archaic Greek coinage. The electrum owl coins, of which eight specimens are known, have been described as a possible 19th-century forgery.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wappenm%C3%BCnzen&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKrollWaggoner1984" class="citation journal cs1">Kroll, John H.; Waggoner, Nancy M. (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/504555">"Dating the Earliest Coins of Athens, Corinth and Aegina"</a>. <i>American Journal of Archaeology</i>. <b>88</b> (3): 332–333. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F504555">10.2307/504555</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2152%2F31250">2152/31250</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/504555">504555</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:191385002">191385002</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Dating+the+Earliest+Coins+of+Athens%2C+Corinth+and+Aegina&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=332-333&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2152%2F31250&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A191385002%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F504555%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F504555&rft.aulast=Kroll&rft.aufirst=John+H.&rft.au=Waggoner%2C+Nancy+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F504555&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWappenm%C3%BCnzen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKroll1981" class="citation journal cs1">Kroll, John T. (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43574049">"From Wappenmünzen to Gorgoneia to Owls"</a>. <i>Museum Notes (American Numismatic Society)</i>. <b>26</b>: 2. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43574049">43574049</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Museum+Notes+%28American+Numismatic+Society%29&rft.atitle=From+Wappenm%C3%BCnzen+to+Gorgoneia+to+Owls&rft.volume=26&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1981&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43574049%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Kroll&rft.aufirst=John+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43574049&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWappenm%C3%BCnzen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis2014" class="citation journal cs1">Davis, Gil (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24432808">"Mining Money in Late Archaic Athens"</a>. <i>Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte</i>. <b>63</b> (3): 258. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24432808">24432808</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historia%3A+Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+Alte+Geschichte&rft.atitle=Mining+Money+in+Late+Archaic+Athens&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=258&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24432808%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Gil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24432808&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWappenm%C3%BCnzen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrollWaggoner1984" class="citation journal cs1">Kroll, John H.; Waggoner, Nancy M. (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/504555">"Dating the Earliest Coins of Athens, Corinth and Aegina"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/American_Journal_of_Archaeology" title="American Journal of Archaeology">American Journal of Archaeology</a></i>. <b>88</b> (3): 328. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F504555">10.2307/504555</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2152%2F31250">2152/31250</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/504555">504555</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:191385002">191385002</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Dating+the+Earliest+Coins+of+Athens%2C+Corinth+and+Aegina&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=328&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2152%2F31250&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A191385002%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F504555%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F504555&rft.aulast=Kroll&rft.aufirst=John+H.&rft.au=Waggoner%2C+Nancy+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F504555&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWappenm%C3%BCnzen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKroll1981" class="citation journal cs1">Kroll, John T. (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43574049">"From Wappenmünzen to Gorgoneia to Owls"</a>. <i>Museum Notes (American Numismatic Society)</i>. <b>26</b>: 11. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43574049">43574049</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Museum+Notes+%28American+Numismatic+Society%29&rft.atitle=From+Wappenm%C3%BCnzen+to+Gorgoneia+to+Owls&rft.volume=26&rft.pages=11&rft.date=1981&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43574049%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Kroll&rft.aufirst=John+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43574049&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWappenm%C3%BCnzen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis2015" class="citation journal cs1">Davis, Gil (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43859778">"Athenian Electrum Coinage Reconsidered: Types, Standard, Value, and Dating"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Numismatic_Chronicle" class="mw-redirect" title="The Numismatic Chronicle">The Numismatic Chronicle</a></i>. <b>175</b>: 1–9. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43859778">43859778</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Numismatic+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Athenian+Electrum+Coinage+Reconsidered%3A+Types%2C+Standard%2C+Value%2C+and+Dating&rft.volume=175&rft.pages=1-9&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43859778%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Gil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43859778&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWappenm%C3%BCnzen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis2014" class="citation journal cs1">Davis, Gil (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24432808">"Mining Money in Late Archaic Athens"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Historia_(classical_antiquity_history_journal)" title="Historia (classical antiquity history journal)">Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte</a></i>. <b>63</b> (3): 259. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24432808">24432808</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historia%3A+Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+Alte+Geschichte&rft.atitle=Mining+Money+in+Late+Archaic+Athens&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=259&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24432808%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Gil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24432808&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWappenm%C3%BCnzen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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