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<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seats_allocation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Seats allocation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seats_allocation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campaigning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campaigning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Campaigning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Campaigning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Summary_of_past_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Summary_of_past_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Summary of past elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Summary_of_past_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By-elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By-elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>By-elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By-elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Turkey" title="Politics of Turkey">Politics of Turkey</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Turkey.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Emblem_of_Turkey.svg/110px-Emblem_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Emblem_of_Turkey.svg/165px-Emblem_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Emblem_of_Turkey.svg/220px-Emblem_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="373" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Turkey" title="Constitution of Turkey">Constitution</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;;text-align:center;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_history_of_Turkey" title="Constitutional history of Turkey">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism_in_Turkey" title="Secularism in Turkey">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Turkey" title="Human rights in Turkey">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Turkey">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Turkey#Legislative_branch" title="Politics of Turkey">Legislature</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_National_Assembly_of_Turkey" title="Grand National Assembly of Turkey">Grand National Assembly</a> (Parliament) <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Grand_National_Assembly" title="Speaker of the Grand National Assembly">Speaker</a>: <a href="/wiki/Numan_Kurtulmu%C5%9F" title="Numan Kurtulmuş">Numan Kurtulmuş</a></div></dd></dl></li> <li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_Main_Opposition_Leaders_of_Turkey" title="List of the Main Opposition Leaders of Turkey">Leader of the Main Opposition</a></div> <dl><dd><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zg%C3%BCr_%C3%96zel" title="Özgür Özel">Özgür Özel</a></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Turkey" title="List of political parties in Turkey">Political parties</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Turkey#Executive_branch" title="Politics of Turkey">Executive</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">President</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Turkey" title="List of presidents of Turkey">list</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Turkey" title="Vice President of Turkey">Vice President</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Cevdet_Y%C4%B1lmaz" title="Cevdet Yılmaz">Cevdet Yılmaz</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Turkey" title="Cabinet of Turkey">Cabinet</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_cabinets_of_Turkey" title="List of cabinets of Turkey">list</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Erdo%C4%9Fan_V" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet Erdoğan V">Current cabinet (67th)</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministries_of_Turkey" title="Ministries of Turkey">Ministries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_(Turkey)" title="National Security Council (Turkey)">National Security Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_(Turkey)" title="Governor (Turkey)">Governors</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judicial_system_of_Turkey" title="Judicial system of Turkey">Judiciary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;;text-align:center;"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Turkey" title="Constitutional Court of Turkey">Constitutional Court</a> <dl><dd>President: <a href="/wiki/Kadir_%C3%96zkaya" title="Kadir Özkaya">Kadir Özkaya</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Cassation_(Turkey)" title="Court of Cassation (Turkey)">Court of Cassation</a> <dl><dd>President: <a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Akarca" title="Mehmet Akarca">Mehmet Akarca</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_System_in_the_Republic_of_Turkey#Turkish_Court_of_Accounts" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal System in the Republic of Turkey">Court of Accounts</a> <dl><dd>President: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metin_Yener&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metin Yener (page does not exist)">Metin Yener</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_State_(Turkey)" title="Council of State (Turkey)">Council of State</a> <dl><dd>President: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeki_Yi%C4%9Fit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zeki Yiğit (page does not exist)">Zeki Yiğit</a></dd></dl></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Turkey" title="Elections in Turkey">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system_of_Turkey" title="Electoral system of Turkey">Electoral system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_cycle_of_Turkey" title="Electoral cycle of Turkey">Electoral cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Election_Council_(Turkey)" title="Supreme Election Council (Turkey)">Supreme Election Council</a></li> <li>Recent elections <dl><dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Parliamentary</a> <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/November_2015_Turkish_general_election" title="November 2015 Turkish general election">2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Turkish_parliamentary_election" title="2018 Turkish parliamentary election">2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Turkish_parliamentary_election" title="2023 Turkish parliamentary election">2023</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Turkish_presidential_elections" title="Turkish presidential elections">Presidential</a> <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Turkish_presidential_election" title="2014 Turkish presidential election">2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Turkish_presidential_election" title="2018 Turkish presidential election">2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Turkish_presidential_election" title="2023 Turkish presidential election">2023</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Turkey#Local_elections" title="Elections in Turkey">Local</a> <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Turkish_local_elections" title="2014 Turkish local elections">2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Turkish_local_elections" title="2019 Turkish local elections">2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Turkish_local_elections" title="2024 Turkish local elections">2024</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Turkey" title="Referendums in Turkey">Referendum</a> <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/2007_Turkish_constitutional_referendum" title="2007 Turkish constitutional referendum">2007</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2010_Turkish_constitutional_referendum" title="2010 Turkish constitutional referendum">2010</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Turkish_constitutional_referendum" title="2017 Turkish constitutional referendum">2017</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Turkey" title="List of political parties in Turkey">Political parties</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Turkey" title="Foreign relations of Turkey">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Turkey)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Turkey)">Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hakan_Fidan" title="Hakan Fidan">Hakan Fidan</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_ministers_of_foreign_affairs_of_Turkey" title="List of ministers of foreign affairs of Turkey">list</a>)</dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Turkey" title="List of diplomatic missions of Turkey">Diplomatic missions of Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Turkey" title="List of diplomatic missions in Turkey">Diplomatic missions in Turkey</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_nationality_law" title="Turkish nationality law">Nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_passport" title="Turkish passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Turkish_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Turkish citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Turkey" title="Visa policy of Turkey">Visa policy</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Turkey%27s_membership_of_international_organizations" title="Turkey's membership of international organizations">Membership of international<br />organizations</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_and_the_United_Nations" title="Turkey and the United Nations">Turkey and the United Nations</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Representative_of_Turkey_to_the_United_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanent Representative of Turkey to the United Nations">Permanent Representative</a></dd></dl></li> <li>European Union <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Turkey_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Turkey to the European Union">Accession</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkey–European Union relations">relations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93Turkey_Customs_Union" title="European Union–Turkey Customs Union">Customs Union</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">See also</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;;text-align:center;"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Turkey" title="History of Turkey">History</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey" title="History of the Republic of Turkey">History of the Republic</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Armed_Forces" title="Turkish Armed Forces">Armed Forces</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/16px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/24px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/32px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Turkey" title="Portal:Turkey">Turkey portal</a><div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Turkey" title="Template:Politics of Turkey"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Turkey" title="Template talk:Politics of Turkey"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Turkey" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Turkey"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Parliamentary elections in Turkey</b> determine the composition of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_National_Assembly_of_Turkey" title="Grand National Assembly of Turkey">Grand National Assembly</a> for the next five years.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The members are elected for a five-year term through a proportional system in 87 multi-member constituencies with <a href="/wiki/Closed_list" title="Closed list">closed party lists</a> or as <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent candidates</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Participation">Participation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_elections_in_Turkey&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Participation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Age_of_candidacy">Age of candidacy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_elections_in_Turkey&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Age of candidacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Age_of_candidacy" title="Age of candidacy">age of candidacy</a> was 30 in the newly established Republic of Turkey. The age of candidacy dropped from 30 to 25 through a constitutional amendment in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the <a href="/wiki/2017_Turkish_constitutional_referendum" title="2017 Turkish constitutional referendum">2017 constitutional referendum</a>, it was further lowered to 18.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Voting_age">Voting age</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_elections_in_Turkey&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Voting age"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Constitution of the Ottoman Empire">Constitution of the Ottoman Empire</a> (1876), the <a href="/wiki/Voting_age" title="Voting age">voting age</a> was 25. In the newly established Republic of Turkey, the voting age was reduced to 18 due to the decreasing population. The voting age was increased to 22 in 1934, decreased to 21 in 1987, and 18 in 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Voter_turnout">Voter turnout</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_elections_in_Turkey&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Voter turnout"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Voter_turnout" title="Voter turnout">voter turnout</a> for the average of 18 parliamentary election is 81.4%. Turkey has a high voter turnout rate compared to other democracies. The participation rate in Turkey is also higher than the participation rates in countries where <a href="/wiki/Compulsory_voting" title="Compulsory voting">compulsory voting</a> is loosely applied. With the exception of 1960–1970, voter turnout rate in Turkey is above the world average from 1950 to the present in Turkey.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Voter turnout at parliamentary elections </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Election<br />year</th> <th>Registered<br />voters</th> <th>Total<br />votes</th> <th>Turnout </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1950_Turkish_general_election" title="1950 Turkish general election">1950</a></td> <td>8,905,743</td> <td>7,953,085</td> <td>89.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1954_Turkish_general_election" title="1954 Turkish general election">1954</a></td> <td>10,262,063</td> <td>9,095,617</td> <td>88.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1957_Turkish_general_election" title="1957 Turkish general election">1957</a></td> <td>12,078,623</td> <td>9,250,949</td> <td>76.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1961_Turkish_general_election" title="1961 Turkish general election">1961</a></td> <td>12,925,395</td> <td>10,522,716</td> <td>81.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1965_Turkish_general_election" title="1965 Turkish general election">1965</a></td> <td>13,679,753</td> <td>9,748,678</td> <td>71.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1969_Turkish_general_election" title="1969 Turkish general election">1969</a></td> <td>14,788,552</td> <td>9,516,035</td> <td>64.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1973_Turkish_general_election" title="1973 Turkish general election">1973</a></td> <td>16,798,164</td> <td>11,223,843</td> <td>66.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1977_Turkish_general_election" title="1977 Turkish general election">1977</a></td> <td>21,207,303</td> <td>15,358,210</td> <td>72.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1983_Turkish_general_election" title="1983 Turkish general election">1983</a></td> <td>19,767,366</td> <td>18,238,362</td> <td>92.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1987_Turkish_general_election" title="1987 Turkish general election">1987</a></td> <td>26,376,926</td> <td>24,603,541</td> <td>93.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1991_Turkish_general_election" title="1991 Turkish general election">1991</a></td> <td>29,979,123</td> <td>25,157,089</td> <td>83.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1995_Turkish_general_election" title="1995 Turkish general election">1995</a></td> <td>34,155,981</td> <td>29,101,469</td> <td>85.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1999_Turkish_general_election" title="1999 Turkish general election">1999</a></td> <td>37,495,217</td> <td>32,656,070</td> <td>87.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2002_Turkish_general_election" title="2002 Turkish general election">2002</a></td> <td>41,407,027</td> <td>32,768,161</td> <td>79.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2007_Turkish_general_election" title="2007 Turkish general election">2007</a></td> <td>42,799,303</td> <td>36,056,293</td> <td>84.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2011_Turkish_general_election" title="2011 Turkish general election">2011</a></td> <td>52,806,322</td> <td>43,914,948</td> <td>83.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/June_2015_Turkish_general_election" title="June 2015 Turkish general election">2015</a></td> <td>56,608,817</td> <td>47,507,467</td> <td>83.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/November_2015_Turkish_general_election" title="November 2015 Turkish general election">2015</a></td> <td>56,949,009</td> <td>48,537,695</td> <td>85.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2018_Turkish_parliamentary_election" title="2018 Turkish parliamentary election">2018</a></td> <td>59,367,469</td> <td>51,189,444</td> <td>86.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2023_Turkish_parliamentary_election" title="2023 Turkish parliamentary election">2023</a></td> <td>60,721,745</td> <td>55,835,895</td> <td>87.1 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_system">Electoral system</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_elections_in_Turkey&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Electoral system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electoral_districts">Electoral districts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_elections_in_Turkey&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Electoral districts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turkey is split into 87 <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district" title="Electoral district">electoral districts</a>, which elect a certain number of <a href="/wiki/Members_of_Parliament#Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Members of Parliament">representatives</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Grand_National_Assembly_of_Turkey" title="Grand National Assembly of Turkey">Grand National Assembly of Turkey</a>. Electoral district are allocated a certain number of MPs in proportion to their population. The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Electoral_Council_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Electoral Council of Turkey">Supreme Electoral Council of Turkey</a> conducts population reviews of each district before an election and adjusts a district's number of seats according to the latest census. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; font-size:80%;line-height:1.1;"> <caption><big><big>Number of parliamentary constituencies by province and year</big></big> </caption> <tbody><tr valign="bottom"> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="text-align:right">Election<br />year </th> <th colspan="21">20th century </th> <th colspan="7">21st century </th></tr> <tr valign="bottom"> <th><a href="/wiki/1st_Parliament_of_Turkey" title="1st Parliament of Turkey">'20</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/2nd_Parliament_of_Turkey" title="2nd Parliament of Turkey">'23</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/3rd_Parliament_of_Turkey" title="3rd Parliament of Turkey">'27</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/4th_Parliament_of_Turkey" title="4th Parliament of Turkey">'31</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/5th_Parliament_of_Turkey" title="5th Parliament of Turkey">'35</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/6th_Parliament_of_Turkey" title="6th Parliament of Turkey">'39</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/7th_Parliament_of_Turkey" title="7th Parliament of Turkey">'43</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/8th_Parliament_of_Turkey" title="8th Parliament of Turkey">'46</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/9th_Parliament_of_Turkey" title="9th Parliament of Turkey">'50</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/10th_Parliament_of_Turkey" title="10th Parliament of Turkey">'54</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/11th_Parliament_of_Turkey" title="11th Parliament of Turkey">'57</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/12th_Parliament_of_Turkey" title="12th Parliament of Turkey">'61</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/13th_Parliament_of_Turkey" title="13th Parliament of Turkey">'65</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/14th_Parliament_of_Turkey" title="14th Parliament of Turkey">'69</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/15th_Parliament_of_Turkey" title="15th Parliament of Turkey">'73</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/16th_Parliament_of_Turkey" title="16th Parliament of Turkey">'77</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/17th_Parliament_of_Turkey" title="17th Parliament of Turkey">'83</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/18th_Parliament_of_Turkey" title="18th Parliament of Turkey">'87</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/19th_Parliament_of_Turkey" title="19th Parliament of Turkey">'91</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/20th_Parliament_of_Turkey" title="20th Parliament of Turkey">'95</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/21st_Parliament_of_Turkey" title="21st Parliament of Turkey">'99</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/22nd_Parliament_of_Turkey" title="22nd Parliament of Turkey">'02</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/23rd_Parliament_of_Turkey" title="23rd Parliament of Turkey">'07</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/24th_Parliament_of_Turkey" title="24th Parliament of Turkey">'11</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/25th_Parliament_of_Turkey" title="25th Parliament of Turkey">'15</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/26th_Parliament_of_Turkey" title="26th Parliament of Turkey">'15</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/27th_Parliament_of_Turkey" title="27th Parliament of Turkey">'18</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/28th_Parliament_of_Turkey" title="28th Parliament of Turkey">'23</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>#</th> <th style="text-align:right">Total </th> <th>436 </th> <th>333 </th> <th>335 </th> <th>348 </th> <th>444 </th> <th>470 </th> <th>492 </th> <th>503 </th> <th>477 </th> <th>537 </th> <th>602 </th> <th>450 </th> <th>450 </th> <th>450 </th> <th>450 </th> <th>450 </th> <th>400 </th> <th>450 </th> <th>450 </th> <th>550 </th> <th>550 </th> <th>550 </th> <th>550 </th> <th>550 </th> <th>550 </th> <th>550 </th> <th>600 </th> <th>600 </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th style="text-align:left">Province</th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th> </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <th>1</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Adana_Province" title="Adana Province">Adana</a> </th> <td>7 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>16 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>17 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>15 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Ad%C4%B1yaman_Province" title="Adıyaman Province">Adıyaman</a> </th> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td>5 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <th>3</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Afyonkarahisar_Province" title="Afyonkarahisar Province">Afyonkarahisar</a> </th> <td>8 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <th>4</th> <th><a href="/wiki/A%C4%9Fr%C4%B1_Province" title="Ağrı Province">Ağrı</a> </th> <td>5 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <th>68</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Aksaray_Province" title="Aksaray Province">Aksaray</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <th>5</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Amasya_Province" title="Amasya Province">Amasya</a> </th> <td>7 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <th>6</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Ankara_Province" title="Ankara Province">Ankara</a> </th> <td>9 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>16 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>18 </td> <td>18 </td> <td>21 </td> <td>22 </td> <td>21 </td> <td>21 </td> <td>24 </td> <td>26 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>23 </td> <td>26 </td> <td>23 </td> <td>28 </td> <td>28 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>31 </td> <td>32 </td> <td>32 </td> <td>36 </td> <td>36 </td></tr> <tr> <th>7</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Antalya_Province" title="Antalya Province">Antalya</a> </th> <td>6 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>16 </td> <td>17 </td></tr> <tr> <th>75</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Ardahan_Province" title="Ardahan Province">Ardahan</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>8</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Artvin_Province" title="Artvin Province">Artvin</a> </th> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>9</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Ayd%C4%B1n_Province" title="Aydın Province">Aydın</a> </th> <td>7 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td></tr> <tr> <th>10</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Bal%C4%B1kesir_Province" title="Balıkesir Province">Balikesir</a> </th> <td>6 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>10</td> <td>12 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>9 </td></tr> <tr> <th>74</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Bart%C4%B1n_Province" title="Bartın Province">Bartın</a> </th> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>72</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Batman_Province" title="Batman Province">Batman</a> </th> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#e9ecf0">− </td> <td style="background:#e9ecf0"><i><a href="/wiki/Batum" class="mw-redirect" title="Batum">Batum</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>5 </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>69</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Bayburt_Province" title="Bayburt Province">Bayburt</a> </th> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#e9ecf0">− </td> <td style="background:#e9ecf0"><i><a href="/wiki/Biga,_%C3%87anakkale" title="Biga, Çanakkale">Biga</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>11</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Bilecik_Province" title="Bilecik Province">Bilecik</a> </th> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>12</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Bing%C3%B6l_Province" title="Bingöl Province">Bingöl</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>6 </td> <td>2 </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <th>13</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Bitlis_Province" title="Bitlis Province">Bitlis</a> </th> <td>7 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <th>14</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Bolu_Province" title="Bolu Province">Bolu</a> </th> <td>8 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <th>15</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Burdur_Province" title="Burdur Province">Burdur</a> </th> <td>7 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <th>16</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Bursa_Province" title="Bursa Province">Bursa</a> </th> <td>7 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>16 </td> <td>16 </td> <td>16 </td> <td>18 </td> <td>18 </td> <td>18 </td> <td>20 </td> <td>20 </td></tr> <tr> <th>17</th> <th><a href="/wiki/%C3%87anakkale_Province" title="Çanakkale Province">Çanakkale</a> </th> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <th>18</th> <th><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ank%C4%B1r%C4%B1_Province" title="Çankırı Province">Çankırı</a> </th> <td>7 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#e9ecf0">− </td> <td style="background:#e9ecf0"><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%87atalca" title="Çatalca">Çatalca</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td>1 </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>19</th> <th><a href="/wiki/%C3%87orum_Province" title="Çorum Province">Çorum</a> </th> <td>7 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <th>20</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Denizli_Province" title="Denizli Province">Denizli</a> </th> <td>6 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <th>21</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Diyarbak%C4%B1r_Province" title="Diyarbakır Province">Diyarbakır</a> </th> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>10</td> <td>11 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>12 </td></tr> <tr> <th>81</th> <th><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCzce_Province" title="Düzce Province">Düzce</a> </th> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <th>22</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Edirne_Province" title="Edirne Province">Edirne</a> </th> <td>5 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <th>23</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Elaz%C4%B1%C4%9F_Province" title="Elazığ Province">Elazığ</a> </th> <td>7 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#e9ecf0">− </td> <td style="background:#e9ecf0"><i><a href="/wiki/Ergani" title="Ergani">Ergani</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>11 </td> <td>3 </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>24</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Erzincan_Province" title="Erzincan Province">Erzincan</a> </th> <td>5 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>25</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Erzurum_Province" title="Erzurum Province">Erzurum</a> </th> <td>10 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <th>26</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Eski%C5%9Fehir_Province" title="Eskişehir Province">Eskişehir</a> </th> <td>7 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <th>26</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Gaziantep_Province" title="Gaziantep Province">Gaziantep</a> </th> <td>6 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>10</td> <td>12 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>14 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#e9ecf0">− </td> <td style="background:#e9ecf0"><i><a href="/wiki/Gelibolu" title="Gelibolu">Gelibolu</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>28</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Giresun_Province" title="Giresun Province">Giresun</a> </th> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <th>29</th> <th><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C3%BC%C5%9Fhane_Province" title="Gümüşhane Province">Gümüşhane</a> </th> <td>6 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>30</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Hakk%C3%A2ri_Province" title="Hakkâri Province">Hakkâri</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>6 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <th>31</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Hatay_Province" title="Hatay Province">Hatay</a> </th> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>10</td> <td>10 </td> <td>10</td> <td>10 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>11 </td></tr> <tr> <th>76</th> <th><a href="/wiki/I%C4%9Fd%C4%B1r_Province" title="Iğdır Province">Iğdır</a> </th> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>32</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Isparta_Province" title="Isparta Province">Isparta</a> </th> <td>6 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#e9ecf0">− </td> <td style="background:#e9ecf0"><i><a href="/wiki/Mersin" title="Mersin">İçel</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>6 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>34</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Istanbul_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Istanbul Province">Istanbul</a> </th> <td>12 </td> <td>23 </td> <td>17 </td> <td>18 </td> <td>20</td> <td>19 </td> <td>28 </td> <td>30</td> <td>25 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>39 </td> <td>31 </td> <td>31 </td> <td>33 </td> <td>38 </td> <td>44 </td> <td>36 </td> <td>45 </td> <td>50</td> <td>61 </td> <td>69 </td> <td>70</td> <td>70</td> <td>85 </td> <td>88 </td> <td>88 </td> <td>98 </td> <td>98 </td></tr> <tr> <th>35</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Izmir_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Izmir Province">Izmir</a> </th> <td>8 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>17 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>16 </td> <td>20</td> <td>22 </td> <td>17 </td> <td>17 </td> <td>18 </td> <td>18 </td> <td>19 </td> <td>16 </td> <td>19 </td> <td>19 </td> <td>24 </td> <td>24 </td> <td>24 </td> <td>24 </td> <td>26 </td> <td>26 </td> <td>26 </td> <td>28 </td> <td>28 </td></tr> <tr> <th>46</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Kahramanmara%C5%9F_Province" title="Kahramanmaraş Province">Kahramanmaraş</a> </th> <td>8 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td></tr> <tr> <th>78</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Karab%C3%BCk_Province" title="Karabük Province">Karabük</a> </th> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <th>70</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Karaman_Province" title="Karaman Province">Karaman</a> </th> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <th>36</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Kars_Province" title="Kars Province">Kars</a> </th> <td>3 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>10</td> <td>10 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <th>37</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Kastamonu_Province" title="Kastamonu Province">Kastamonu</a> </th> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>10</td> <td>10 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <th>38</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Kayseri_Province" title="Kayseri Province">Kayseri</a> </th> <td>7 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr> <th>71</th> <th><a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1r%C4%B1kkale_Province" title="Kırıkkale Province">Kırıkkale</a> </th> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <th>39</th> <th><a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1rklareli_Province" title="Kırklareli Province">Kırklareli</a> </th> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <th>40</th> <th><a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1r%C5%9Fehir_Province" title="Kırşehir Province">Kırşehir</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>7 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>79</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Kilis_Province" title="Kilis Province">Kilis</a> </th> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>41</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Kocaeli_Province" title="Kocaeli Province">Kocaeli</a> </th> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>10</td> <td>13 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>14 </td></tr> <tr> <th>42</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Konya_Province" title="Konya Province">Konya</a> </th> <td>10 </td> <td>10</td> <td>13 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>16 </td> <td>17 </td> <td>19 </td> <td>21 </td> <td>16 </td> <td>16 </td> <td>16 </td> <td>16 </td> <td>16 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>16 </td> <td>16 </td> <td>16 </td> <td>16 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>15 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#e9ecf0">− </td> <td style="background:#e9ecf0"><i><a href="/wiki/Kozan,_Adana" title="Kozan, Adana">Kozan</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>5 </td> <td>2 </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>43</th> <th><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCtahya_Province" title="Kütahya Province">Kütahya</a> </th> <td>6 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>10</td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#e9ecf0">− </td> <td style="background:#e9ecf0"><i><a href="/wiki/Lazistan" title="Lazistan">Lazistan</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>6 </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>44</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Malatya_Province" title="Malatya Province">Malatya</a> </th> <td>11 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <th>45</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Manisa_Province" title="Manisa Province">Manisa</a> </th> <td>9 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>10</td> <td>11 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>10</td> <td>8 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>10</td> <td>10 </td> <td>10</td> <td>9 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr> <th>47</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Mardin_Province" title="Mardin Province">Mardin</a> </th> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <th>33</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Mersin_Province" title="Mersin Province">Mersin</a> </th> <td>7 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>13 </td></tr> <tr> <th>48</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Mu%C4%9Fla_Province" title="Muğla Province">Muğla</a> </th> <td>11 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <th>49</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Mu%C5%9F_Province" title="Muş Province">Muş</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>7 </td> <td>3 </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <th>50</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Nev%C5%9Fehir_Province" title="Nevşehir Province">Nevşehir</a> </th> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td>4 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <th>51</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Ni%C4%9Fde_Province" title="Niğde Province">Niğde</a> </th> <td>6 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#e9ecf0">− </td> <td style="background:#e9ecf0"><i><a href="/wiki/Oltu" title="Oltu">Oltu</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2 </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>52</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Ordu_Province" title="Ordu Province">Ordu</a> </th> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <th>80</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Osmaniye_Province" title="Osmaniye Province">Osmaniye</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>3 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>3 </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <th>53</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Rize_Province" title="Rize Province">Rize</a> <sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <th>54</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Sakarya_Province" title="Sakarya Province">Sakarya</a> </th> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td>8 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td></tr> <tr> <th>55</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Samsun" title="Samsun">Samsun</a> </th> <td>6 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>10</td> <td>12 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>10</td> <td>8 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>9 </td></tr> <tr> <th>56</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Siirt_Province" title="Siirt Province">Siirt</a> </th> <td>6 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <th>57</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Sinop_Province" title="Sinop Province">Sinop</a> </th> <td>6 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>58</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Sivas" title="Sivas">Sivas</a> </th> <td>8 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#e9ecf0">− </td> <td style="background:#e9ecf0"><i><a href="/wiki/Siverek" title="Siverek">Siverek</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>6 </td> <td>4 </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>63</th> <th><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eanl%C4%B1urfa" class="mw-redirect" title="Şanlıurfa">Şanlıurfa</a> </th> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>14 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#e9ecf0">− </td> <td style="background:#e9ecf0"><i><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eebinkarahisar" title="Şebinkarahisar">Şebinkarahisar</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>5 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>73</th> <th><a href="/wiki/%C5%9E%C4%B1rnak_Province" title="Şırnak Province">Şırnak</a> </th> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <th>59</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Tekirda%C4%9F" title="Tekirdağ">Tekirdağ</a> </th> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td></tr> <tr> <th>60</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Tokat_Province" title="Tokat Province">Tokat</a> </th> <td>7 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <th>61</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Trabzon" title="Trabzon">Trabzon</a> </th> <td>11 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <th>62</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Tunceli_Province" title="Tunceli Province">Tunceli</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>6 </td> <td>2 </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>64</th> <th><a href="/wiki/U%C5%9Fak_Province" title="Uşak Province">Uşak</a> </th> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <th>65</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Van_Province" title="Van Province">Van</a> </th> <td>7 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td></tr> <tr> <th>77</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Yalova_Province" title="Yalova Province">Yalova</a> </th> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <th>66</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Yozgat_Province" title="Yozgat Province">Yozgat</a> </th> <td>7 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <th>67</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Zonguldak" title="Zonguldak">Zonguldak</a> </th> <td style="background:#cccccc"> </td> <td>4 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>10</td> <td>11 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>10</td> <td>12 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <th>#</th> <th style="text-align:right">Total </th> <th>436 </th> <th>333 </th> <th>335 </th> <th>348 </th> <th>444 </th> <th>470 </th> <th>492 </th> <th>503 </th> <th>477 </th> <th>537 </th> <th>602 </th> <th>450 </th> <th>450 </th> <th>450 </th> <th>450 </th> <th>450 </th> <th>400 </th> <th>450 </th> <th>450 </th> <th>550 </th> <th>550 </th> <th>550 </th> <th>550 </th> <th>550 </th> <th>550 </th> <th>550 </th> <th>600 </th> <th>600 </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seats_allocation">Seats allocation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_elections_in_Turkey&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Seats allocation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Parliamentary seats are allocated according to the <a href="/wiki/D%27Hondt_method" title="D'Hondt method">d’Hondt method</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Party-list_proportional_representation" title="Party-list proportional representation">party-list proportional representation</a> system.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Political parties first need to pass an <a href="/wiki/Electoral_threshold" title="Electoral threshold">electoral threshold</a> of 7%. Parties can by-pass this rule by forming an <a href="/wiki/Electoral_alliance" title="Electoral alliance">electoral alliance</a> or participate as independents. The electoral threshold was introduced by the military regime after the <a href="/wiki/1980_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1980 Turkish coup d'état">1980 coup d'état</a>, in a bid to maintain political stability.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1946 onwards, all elections were <a href="/wiki/Direct_election" title="Direct election">direct elections</a>. In the elections held between 1946 and 1957, a <a href="/wiki/Party_block_voting" class="mw-redirect" title="Party block voting">party block voting</a> system was applied. Under this system, the party that obtained a <a href="/wiki/Plurality_voting" title="Plurality voting">plurality of votes</a> in a constituency would get all the deputies in that constituency. The system resulted in a <a href="/wiki/Landslide_victory" title="Landslide victory">landslide victories</a>. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Democrat_Party_(Turkey,_1946%E2%80%931961)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democrat Party (Turkey, 1946–1961)">Democrat Party</a> received 58% of the votes in the <a href="/wiki/1954_Turkish_general_election" title="1954 Turkish general election">1954 election</a>, but won 93% of the seats in the parliament. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">Proportional representation</a> was used for the first time after the adoption of the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Constitution_of_1961" title="Turkish Constitution of 1961">Constitution of 1961</a>. For the <a href="/wiki/1961_Turkish_general_election" title="1961 Turkish general election">elections of 1961</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Party-list_proportional_representation" title="Party-list proportional representation">party-list proportional representation</a> with the <a href="/wiki/D%27Hondt_method" title="D'Hondt method">D'Hondt method</a> in 67 constituencies was used. In order to receive seats in a constituency, parties needed to receive more votes in that constituency that the <a href="/wiki/Hare_quota" title="Hare quota">Hare quota</a>. It was also the first time that the number of deputies was fixed and determined as 450 seats. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/1965_Turkish_general_election" title="1965 Turkish general election">1965 election</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_remnant" title="National remnant">national remnant</a> system was used. In the elections held in 1969, 1973 and 1977, the d'Hondt electoral system was applied without a threshold. A nationwide <a href="/wiki/Electoral_threshold" title="Electoral threshold">electoral threshold</a> of 10% and a constituency electoral threshold was introduced following the changes to the law in 1983. In addition to that, a quota system was also used in the <a href="/wiki/1987_Turkish_general_election" title="1987 Turkish general election">1987</a> and <a href="/wiki/1991_Turkish_general_election" title="1991 Turkish general election">1991 elections</a>. From 1995 onwards, only a nationwide electoral threshold is used.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Campaigning">Campaigning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_elections_in_Turkey&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Campaigning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Law on Basic Provisions regulates the campaign and aims to ensure fair and equitable opportunities for contestants.<sup id="cite_ref-osce_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-osce-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Turkish campaigns are typically energetic as contestants use a variety of traditional campaigning means such as rallies, campaign stands, posters, banners, party flags, canvassing and vehicles with loudspeakers. Languages other than Turkish as well as sign language are used in the campaigns. According to Turkish Law, it is forbidden to make election propaganda in a foreign country. This law can be circumvented to a certain degree by organizing "informative seminars" instead of "propaganda meetings".<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Political parties that received at least three per cent of votes in the last parliamentary elections are entitled to annual public funding on a proportional basis, as well as campaign funding but only for parliamentary elections. Parties also receive funding through membership fees and individual donations. Donations from public legal entities, state and public organizations and foreign sources are not allowed. An individual may donate up to a certain amount annually to a party. There is no ceiling for annual party and campaign-related expenditure. Parties declare their campaign funds solely through annual financial reports. The <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Turkey" title="Constitutional Court of Turkey">Constitutional Court</a> audits the reports. Independent candidates declare their campaign funds through personal tax declarations. Possible sanctions for breaches include warnings, imprisonment from three months to three years, monetary fines and dissolution of the party.<sup id="cite_ref-osce_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-osce-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Summary_of_past_elections">Summary of past elections</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_elections_in_Turkey&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Summary of past elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The list below shows the election results of the <a href="/wiki/Multi-party_period_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey" title="Multi-party period of the Republic of Turkey">multi-party period in Turkey</a> since 1946. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th colspan="2" width="200">First party </th> <th colspan="2" width="200">Second party </th> <th colspan="2" width="200">Third party </th> <th>Other parties entering the parliament </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cabinets_of_Turkey" title="List of cabinets of Turkey">Cabinets formed</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1946_Turkish_general_election" title="1946 Turkish general election">1946</a> </th> <th style="background:#ED1C24"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">Republican People's Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="İsmet İnönü">İsmet İnönü</a>)<br /> ? <br /> 395 MPs </td> <th style="background:#CD42B2"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Democrat_Party_(Turkey,_1946%E2%80%931961)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democrat Party (Turkey, 1946–1961)">Democrat Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Cel%C3%A2l_Bayar" title="Celâl Bayar">Celal Bayar</a>)<br /> ? <br /> 66 MPs </td> <th style="background:#01A7E1"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Development_Party_(Turkey)" title="National Development Party (Turkey)">National Development Party</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a><br />4 MPs </td> <td><a href="/wiki/15th_government_of_Turkey" title="15th government of Turkey">Peker</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/16th_government_of_Turkey" title="16th government of Turkey">I. Saka</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/17th_government_of_Turkey" title="17th government of Turkey">II. Saka</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/18th_government_of_Turkey" title="18th government of Turkey">Günaltay</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1950_Turkish_general_election" title="1950 Turkish general election">1950</a> </th> <th style="background:#CD42B2"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Democrat_Party_(Turkey,_1946%E2%80%931961)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democrat Party (Turkey, 1946–1961)">Democrat Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Cel%C3%A2l_Bayar" title="Celâl Bayar">Celal Bayar</a>)<br /> <b>52,67%</b> <br /> 415 MPs </td> <th style="background:#ED1C24"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">Republican People's Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="İsmet İnönü">İsmet İnönü</a>)<br />39,45% <br /> 69 MPs </td> <th style="background:#DC143C"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Nation_Party_(Turkey,_1948)" title="Nation Party (Turkey, 1948)">Nation Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Hikmet_Bayur" class="mw-redirect" title="Yusuf Hikmet Bayur">Yusuf Hikmet Bayur</a>)<br />3,11% <br /> 1 MPs </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a><br />4,76% <br /> 2 MPs </td> <td><a href="/wiki/19th_government_of_Turkey" title="19th government of Turkey">I. Menderes</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/20th_government_of_Turkey" title="20th government of Turkey">II. Menderes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1954_Turkish_general_election" title="1954 Turkish general election">1954</a> </th> <th style="background:#CD42B2"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Democrat_Party_(Turkey,_1946%E2%80%931961)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democrat Party (Turkey, 1946–1961)">Democrat Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Adnan_Menderes" title="Adnan Menderes">Adnan Menderes</a>)<br /> <b>57,61%</b> <br /> 502 MPs </td> <th style="background:#ED1C24"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">Republican People's Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="İsmet İnönü">İsmet İnönü</a>)<br />35,35% <br /> 31 MPs </td> <th style="background:#C83737"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_Nation_Party" title="Republican Nation Party">Republican Nation Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Osman_B%C3%B6l%C3%BCkba%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Osman Bölükbaşı">Osman Bölükbaşı</a>)<br />4,85% <br /> 5 MPs </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a><br />1,53% <br /> 3 MPs </td> <td><a href="/wiki/21st_government_of_Turkey" title="21st government of Turkey">III. Menderes</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/22nd_government_of_Turkey" title="22nd government of Turkey">IV. Menderes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1957_Turkish_general_election" title="1957 Turkish general election">1957</a> </th> <th style="background:#CD42B2"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Democrat_Party_(Turkey,_1946%E2%80%931961)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democrat Party (Turkey, 1946–1961)">Democrat Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Adnan_Menderes" title="Adnan Menderes">Adnan Menderes</a>)<br /> <b>47,87%</b> <br /> 424 MPs </td> <th style="background:#ED1C24"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">Republican People's Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="İsmet İnönü">İsmet İnönü</a>)<br />41,09% <br /> 178 MPs </td> <th style="background:#ED1C24"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_Nation_Party" title="Republican Nation Party">Republican Nation Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Osman_B%C3%B6l%C3%BCkba%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Osman Bölükbaşı">Osman Bölükbaşı</a>)<br />7,13% <br /> 4 MPs </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Party_(Turkey)" title="Liberty Party (Turkey)">Liberty Party</a><br />3,83% <br />4 MPs </td> <td><a href="/wiki/23rd_government_of_Turkey" title="23rd government of Turkey">V. Menderes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1961_Turkish_general_election" title="1961 Turkish general election">1961</a> </th> <th style="background:#ED1C24"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">Republican People's Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="İsmet İnönü">İsmet İnönü</a>)<br /> <b>36,72%</b> <br /> 173 MPs </td> <th style="background:#D360BC"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Justice_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice Party (Turkey)">Justice Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Rag%C4%B1p_G%C3%BCm%C3%BC%C5%9Fpala" title="Ragıp Gümüşpala">Ragıp Gümüşpala</a>)<br />34,78% <br /> 158 MPs </td> <th style="background:#C83737"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_Villagers_Nation_Party" title="Republican Villagers Nation Party">Republican Villagers Nation Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Osman_B%C3%B6l%C3%BCkba%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Osman Bölükbaşı">Osman Bölükbaşı</a>)<br />13,95% <br /> 54 MPs </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Turkey_Party_(1961)" title="New Turkey Party (1961)">New Turkey Party</a><br />13,72% <br /> 65 MPs </td> <td><a href="/wiki/26th_government_of_Turkey" title="26th government of Turkey">VIII. İnönü</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/27th_government_of_Turkey" title="27th government of Turkey">IX. İnönü</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/28th_government_of_Turkey" title="28th government of Turkey">X. İnönü</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/29th_government_of_Turkey" title="29th government of Turkey">Ürgüplü</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1965_Turkish_general_election" title="1965 Turkish general election">1965</a> </th> <th style="background:#D360BC"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Justice_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice Party (Turkey)">Justice Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Demirel" title="Süleyman Demirel">Süleyman Demirel</a>)<br /> <b>52,87%</b> <br /> 240 MPs </td> <th style="background:#ED1C24"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">Republican People's Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="İsmet İnönü">İsmet İnönü</a>)<br />28,75% <br /> 134 MPs </td> <th style="background:#C83737"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Nation_Party_(Turkey,_1962)" title="Nation Party (Turkey, 1962)">Nation Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Osman_B%C3%B6l%C3%BCkba%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Osman Bölükbaşı">Osman Bölükbaşı</a>)<br />6,26% <br /> 31 MPs </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Turkey_Party_(1961)" title="New Turkey Party (1961)">New Turkey Party</a> (19 MPs)<br /><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_of_Turkey_(1961)" title="Workers' Party of Turkey (1961)">Workers' Party of Turkey</a> (14 MPs)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Villagers_Nation_Party" title="Republican Villagers Nation Party">Republican Villagers Nation Party</a> (11 MPs)<br /><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> (1 MPs) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/30th_government_of_Turkey" title="30th government of Turkey">I. Demirel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1969_Turkish_general_election" title="1969 Turkish general election">1969</a> </th> <th style="background:#D360BC"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Justice_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice Party (Turkey)">Justice Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Demirel" title="Süleyman Demirel">Süleyman Demirel</a>)<br /> <b>46,53%</b> <br /> 256 MPs </td> <th style="background:#ED1C24"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">Republican People's Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="İsmet İnönü">İsmet İnönü</a>)<br />27,36% <br /> 143 MPs </td> <th style="background:#FF4500"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_Reliance_Party" title="Republican Reliance Party">Republican Reliance Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Turhan_Feyzio%C4%9Flu" title="Turhan Feyzioğlu">Turhan Feyzioğlu</a>)<br />6,57% <br /> 15 MPs </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> (13 MPs) <br /><a href="/wiki/Unity_Party_(Turkey)" title="Unity Party (Turkey)">Birlik Partisi</a> (8 MPs)<br /><a href="/wiki/Nation_Party_(Turkey,_1962)" title="Nation Party (Turkey, 1962)">Nation Party</a> (6 MPs)<br /><a href="/wiki/New_Turkey_Party_(1961)" title="New Turkey Party (1961)">New Turkey Party</a> (6 MPs)<br /><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_of_Turkey_(1961)" title="Workers' Party of Turkey (1961)">Workers' Party of Turkey</a> (2 MPs)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Movement_Party" title="Nationalist Movement Party">Nationalist Movement Party</a> (1 MPs) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/31st_government_of_Turkey" title="31st government of Turkey">II. Demirel</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/32nd_government_of_Turkey" title="32nd government of Turkey">III. Demirel</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/33rd_government_of_Turkey" title="33rd government of Turkey">I. Erim</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/34th_government_of_Turkey" title="34th government of Turkey">II. Erim</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/35th_government_of_Turkey" title="35th government of Turkey">Melen</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/36th_government_of_Turkey" title="36th government of Turkey">Talu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1973_Turkish_general_election" title="1973 Turkish general election">1973</a> </th> <th style="background:#ED1C24"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">Republican People's Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClent_Ecevit" title="Bülent Ecevit">Bülent Ecevit</a>)<br /> <b>33,29%</b> <br /> 185 MPs </td> <th style="background:#D360BC"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Justice_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice Party (Turkey)">Justice Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Demirel" title="Süleyman Demirel">Süleyman Demirel</a>)<br />29,82% <br /> 149 MPs </td> <th style="background:#ffa500"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Turkey,_1970)" title="Democratic Party (Turkey, 1970)">Democratic Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Ferruh_Bozbeyli" title="Ferruh Bozbeyli">Ferruh Bozbeyli</a>)<br />11,89% <br /> 45 MPs </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Salvation_Party" title="National Salvation Party">National Salvation Party</a> (48 MPs)<br /><a href="/wiki/Republican_Reliance_Party" title="Republican Reliance Party">Republican Reliance Party</a> (13 MPs)<br /><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> (6 MPs) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Movement_Party" title="Nationalist Movement Party">Nationalist Movement Party</a> (3 MPs)<br /><a href="/wiki/Unity_Party_(Turkey)" title="Unity Party (Turkey)">Unity Party</a> (1 MPs) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/37th_government_of_Turkey" title="37th government of Turkey">I. Ecevit</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/38th_government_of_Turkey" title="38th government of Turkey">Irmak</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/39th_government_of_Turkey" title="39th government of Turkey">IV. Demirel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1977_Turkish_general_election" title="1977 Turkish general election">1977</a> </th> <th style="background:#ED1C24"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">Republican People's Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClent_Ecevit" title="Bülent Ecevit">Bülent Ecevit</a>)<br /> <b>41,38%</b> <br /> 213 MPs </td> <th style="background:#D360BC"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Justice_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice Party (Turkey)">Justice Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Demirel" title="Süleyman Demirel">Süleyman Demirel</a>)<br />36,87% <br /> 189 MPs </td> <th style="background:#FF2E84"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Salvation_Party" title="National Salvation Party">National Salvation Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Necmettin_Erbakan" title="Necmettin Erbakan">Necmettin Erbakan</a>)<br />8,56% <br /> 24 MPs </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Movement_Party" title="Nationalist Movement Party">Nationalist Movement Party</a> (16 MPs)<br /><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> (4 MPs)<br /><a href="/wiki/Republican_Reliance_Party" title="Republican Reliance Party">Republican Reliance Party</a> (3 MPs)<br /><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Turkey,_1970)" title="Democratic Party (Turkey, 1970)">Democratic Party</a> (1 MPs) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/40th_government_of_Turkey" title="40th government of Turkey">II. Ecevit</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/41st_government_of_Turkey" title="41st government of Turkey">V. Demirel</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/42nd_government_of_Turkey" title="42nd government of Turkey">III. Ecevit</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/43rd_government_of_Turkey" title="43rd government of Turkey">VI. Demirel</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/44th_government_of_Turkey" title="44th government of Turkey">Ulusu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1983_Turkish_general_election" title="1983 Turkish general election">1983</a> </th> <th style="background:#FFD300"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Motherland_Party_(Turkey)" title="Motherland Party (Turkey)">Motherland Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Turgut_%C3%96zal" title="Turgut Özal">Turgut Özal</a>)<br /> <b>45,14%</b> <br /> 211 MPs </td> <th style="background:#D40000"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Populist_Party_(Turkey)" title="Populist Party (Turkey)">Populist Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Necdet_Calp" title="Necdet Calp">Necdet Calp</a>)<br />30,46% <br /> 117 MPs </td> <th style="background:#000000"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Democracy_Party" title="Nationalist Democracy Party">Nationalist Democracy Party</a><br />(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turgut_Sunalp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turgut Sunalp (page does not exist)">Turgut Sunalp</a>)<br />23,26% <br /> 71 MPs </td> <td>− </td> <td><a href="/wiki/45th_government_of_Turkey" title="45th government of Turkey">I. Özal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1987_Turkish_general_election" title="1987 Turkish general election">1987</a> </th> <th style="background:#FFD300"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Motherland_Party_(Turkey)" title="Motherland Party (Turkey)">Motherland Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Turgut_%C3%96zal" title="Turgut Özal">Turgut Özal</a>)<br /> <b>36,31%</b> <br /> 292 MPs </td> <th style="background:#DD0000"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Populist_Party_(Turkey)" title="Social Democratic Populist Party (Turkey)">Social Democratic Populist Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Erdal_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="Erdal İnönü">Erdal İnönü</a>)<br />24,74% <br /> 99 MPs </td> <th style="background:#CD42B2"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/True_Path_Party" title="True Path Party">True Path Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Demirel" title="Süleyman Demirel">Süleyman Demirel</a>)<br />19,13% <br /> 59 MPs </td> <td>− </td> <td><a href="/wiki/46th_government_of_Turkey" title="46th government of Turkey">II. Özal</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/47th_government_of_Turkey" title="47th government of Turkey">Akbulut</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/48th_government_of_Turkey" title="48th government of Turkey">I. Yılmaz</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1991_Turkish_general_election" title="1991 Turkish general election">1991</a> </th> <th style="background:#CD42B2"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/True_Path_Party" title="True Path Party">True Path Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Demirel" title="Süleyman Demirel">Süleyman Demirel</a>)<br /> <b>27,03%</b> <br /> 178 MPs </td> <th style="background:#FFD300"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Motherland_Party_(Turkey)" title="Motherland Party (Turkey)">Motherland Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Mesut_Y%C4%B1lmaz" title="Mesut Yılmaz">Mesut Yılmaz</a>)<br />24,01% <br /> 115 MPs </td> <th style="background:#DD0000"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Populist_Party_(Turkey)" title="Social Democratic Populist Party (Turkey)">Social Democratic Populist Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Erdal_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="Erdal İnönü">Erdal İnönü</a>)<br />20,75% <br /> 88 MPs </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Welfare_Party" title="Welfare Party">Welfare Party</a> (62 MPs)<br /><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Left_Party_(Turkey)" title="Democratic Left Party (Turkey)">Democratic Left Party</a> (7 MPs) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/49th_government_of_Turkey" title="49th government of Turkey">VII. Demirel</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/50th_government_of_Turkey" title="50th government of Turkey">I. Çiller</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/51st_government_of_Turkey" title="51st government of Turkey">II. Çiller</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/52nd_government_of_Turkey" title="52nd government of Turkey">III. Çiller</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/53rd_government_of_Turkey" title="53rd government of Turkey">II. Yılmaz</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1995_Turkish_general_election" title="1995 Turkish general election">1995</a> </th> <th style="background:#FF2E84"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Welfare_Party" title="Welfare Party">Welfare Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Necmettin_Erbakan" title="Necmettin Erbakan">Necmettin Erbakan</a>)<br /> <b>21,38%</b> <br /> 158 MPs </td> <th style="background:#FFD300"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Motherland_Party_(Turkey)" title="Motherland Party (Turkey)">Motherland Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Mesut_Y%C4%B1lmaz" title="Mesut Yılmaz">Mesut Yılmaz</a>)<br />19,65% <br /> 132 MPs </td> <th style="background:#CD42B2"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/True_Path_Party" title="True Path Party">True Path Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Tansu_%C3%87iller" title="Tansu Çiller">Tansu Çiller</a>)<br />19,18% <br /> 135 MPs </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Left_Party_(Turkey)" title="Democratic Left Party (Turkey)">Democratic Left Party</a> (76 MPs)<br /><a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">Republican People's Party</a> (49 MPs) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/54th_government_of_Turkey" title="54th government of Turkey">Erbakan</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/55th_government_of_Turkey" title="55th government of Turkey">III. Yılmaz</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/56th_government_of_Turkey" title="56th government of Turkey">IV. Ecevit</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1999_Turkish_general_election" title="1999 Turkish general election">1999</a> </th> <th style="background:#02CDFF"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Left_Party_(Turkey)" title="Democratic Left Party (Turkey)">Democratic Left Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClent_Ecevit" title="Bülent Ecevit">Bülent Ecevit</a>)<br /> <b>22,19%</b> <br /> 136 MPs </td> <th style="background:#C83737"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Movement_Party" title="Nationalist Movement Party">Nationalist Movement Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Devlet_Bah%C3%A7eli" title="Devlet Bahçeli">Devlet Bahçeli</a>)<br />17,98% <br /> 129 MPs </td> <th style="background:#FF2E84"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Virtue_Party" title="Virtue Party">Virtue Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Recai_Kutan" title="Recai Kutan">Recai Kutan</a>)<br />15,41% <br /> 111 MPs </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Motherland_Party_(Turkey)" title="Motherland Party (Turkey)">Motherland Party</a> (86 MPs)<br /><a href="/wiki/True_Path_Party" title="True Path Party">True Path Party</a> (85 MPs)<br /><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> (3 MPs) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/57th_government_of_Turkey" title="57th government of Turkey">V. Ecevit</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2002_Turkish_general_election" title="2002 Turkish general election">2002</a> </th> <th style="background:#fda000"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice and Development Party (Turkey)">Justice and Development Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a>)<br /> <b>34,28%</b> <br /> 363 MPs </td> <th style="background:#ED1C24"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">Republican People's Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Deniz_Baykal" title="Deniz Baykal">Deniz Baykal</a>)<br />19,41% <br /> 178 MPs </td> <th style="background:#CD42B2"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/True_Path_Party" title="True Path Party">True Path Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Tansu_%C3%87iller" title="Tansu Çiller">Tansu Çiller</a>)<br />9,54% <br /> 0 MPs </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a><br />1,00% <br /> 9 MPs </td> <td><a href="/wiki/58th_cabinet_of_Turkey" title="58th cabinet of Turkey">Gül</a>,<br /> <a href="/wiki/59th_cabinet_of_Turkey" title="59th cabinet of Turkey">I. Erdoğan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2007_Turkish_general_election" title="2007 Turkish general election">2007</a> </th> <th style="background:#fda000"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice and Development Party (Turkey)">Justice and Development Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a>)<br /> <b>46,66%</b> <br /> 341 MPs </td> <th style="background:#ED1C24"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">Republican People's Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Deniz_Baykal" title="Deniz Baykal">Deniz Baykal</a>)<br />20,85% <br /> 112 MPs </td> <th style="background:#C83737"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Movement_Party" title="Nationalist Movement Party">Nationalist Movement Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Devlet_Bah%C3%A7eli" title="Devlet Bahçeli">Devlet Bahçeli</a>)<br />14,29% <br /> 71 MPs </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a><br />5,24% <br /> 26 MPs </td> <td><a href="/wiki/60th_cabinet_of_Turkey" title="60th cabinet of Turkey">II. Erdoğan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2011_Turkish_general_election" title="2011 Turkish general election">2011</a> </th> <th style="background:#fda000"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice and Development Party (Turkey)">Justice and Development Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a>)<br /> <b>49,83%</b> <br /> 327 MPs </td> <th style="background:#ED1C24"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">Republican People's Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Kemal_K%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7daro%C4%9Flu" title="Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu">Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu</a>)<br />25,98% <br /> 135 MPs </td> <th style="background:#C83737"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Movement_Party" title="Nationalist Movement Party">Nationalist Movement Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Devlet_Bah%C3%A7eli" title="Devlet Bahçeli">Devlet Bahçeli</a>)<br />13,01% <br /> 53 MPs </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a><br />6,57% <br /> 35 MPs </td> <td><a href="/wiki/61st_cabinet_of_Turkey" title="61st cabinet of Turkey">III. Erdoğan</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/62nd_cabinet_of_Turkey" title="62nd cabinet of Turkey">I. Davutoğlu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/June_2015_Turkish_general_election" title="June 2015 Turkish general election">2015<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">June</span></a> </th> <th style="background:#fda000"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice and Development Party (Turkey)">Justice and Development Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Davuto%C4%9Flu" title="Ahmet Davutoğlu">Ahmet Davutoğlu</a>)<br /> <b>40,87%</b> <br /> 258 MPs </td> <th style="background:#ED1C24"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">Republican People's Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Kemal_K%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7daro%C4%9Flu" title="Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu">Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu</a>)<br />24,95% <br /> 132 MPs </td> <th style="background:#C83737"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Movement_Party" title="Nationalist Movement Party">Nationalist Movement Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Devlet_Bah%C3%A7eli" title="Devlet Bahçeli">Devlet Bahçeli</a>)<br />16,29% <br /> 80 MPs </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peoples%27_Democratic_Party_(Turkey)" title="Peoples' Democratic Party (Turkey)">Peoples' Democratic Party</a><br />13,12% <br /> 80 MPs </td> <td><a href="/wiki/63rd_cabinet_of_Turkey" title="63rd cabinet of Turkey">II. Davutoğlu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/November_2015_Turkish_general_election" title="November 2015 Turkish general election">2015<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">November</span></a> </th> <th style="background:#fda000"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice and Development Party (Turkey)">Justice and Development Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Davuto%C4%9Flu" title="Ahmet Davutoğlu">Ahmet Davutoğlu</a>)<br /> <b>49,49%</b> <br /> 317 MPs </td> <th style="background:#ED1C24"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">Republican People's Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Kemal_K%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7daro%C4%9Flu" title="Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu">Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu</a>)<br />25,31% <br /> 134 MPs </td> <th style="background:#C83737"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Movement_Party" title="Nationalist Movement Party">Nationalist Movement Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Devlet_Bah%C3%A7eli" title="Devlet Bahçeli">Devlet Bahçeli</a>)<br />11,90% <br /> 40 MPs </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peoples%27_Democratic_Party_(Turkey)" title="Peoples' Democratic Party (Turkey)">Peoples' Democratic Party</a><br />10,76% <br /> 59 MPs </td> <td><a href="/wiki/64th_cabinet_of_Turkey" title="64th cabinet of Turkey">III. Davutoğlu</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/65th_cabinet_of_Turkey" title="65th cabinet of Turkey">Yıldırım</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2018_Turkish_parliamentary_election" title="2018 Turkish parliamentary election">2018</a> </th> <th style="background:#fda000"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice and Development Party (Turkey)">Justice and Development Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a>)<br /><b>42,49%</b><br />295 MPs </td> <th style="background:#ED1C24"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">Republican People's Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Kemal_K%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7daro%C4%9Flu" title="Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu">Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu</a>)<br />22,65% <br />146 MPs </td> <th style="background:#951B88"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Peoples%27_Democratic_Party_(Turkey)" title="Peoples' Democratic Party (Turkey)">Peoples' Democratic Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Sezai_Temelli" title="Sezai Temelli">Sezai Temelli</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Pervin_Buldan" title="Pervin Buldan">Pervin Buldan</a>)<br />11,70% <br />67 MPs </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Movement_Party" title="Nationalist Movement Party">Nationalist Movement Party</a><br />11,10% (49 MPs)<br /><a href="/wiki/Good_Party" title="Good Party">İYİ Parti</a><br />9,96% (43 MPs) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/66th_cabinet_of_Turkey" title="66th cabinet of Turkey">IV. Erdoğan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2023_Turkish_parliamentary_election" title="2023 Turkish parliamentary election">2023</a> </th> <th style="background:#fda000"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)" title="Justice and Development Party (Turkey)">Justice and Development Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a>)<br /><b>35,62%</b><br />268 MPs </td> <th style="background:#ED1C24"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">Republican People's Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Kemal_K%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7daro%C4%9Flu" title="Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu">Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu</a>)<br />25,35% <br />169 MPs </td> <th style="background:#C83737"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Movement_Party" title="Nationalist Movement Party">Nationalist Movement Party</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Devlet_Bah%C3%A7eli" title="Devlet Bahçeli">Devlet Bahçeli</a>)<br />10,07% <br />50 MPs </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Good_Party" title="Good Party">Good Party</a><br />9,69% (43 MPs)<br /><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Greens_and_the_Left_Future" class="mw-redirect" title="Party of Greens and the Left Future">Green Left Party</a><br />8,82% (61 MPs)<br /><a href="/wiki/New_Welfare_Party" title="New Welfare Party">New Welfare Party</a><br />2,80% (5 MPs)<br /><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_of_Turkey_(2017)" title="Workers' Party of Turkey (2017)">Workers' Party of Turkey</a><br />1,76% (4 MPs) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/67th_cabinet_of_Turkey" title="67th cabinet of Turkey">V. Erdoğan</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="By-elections">By-elections</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_elections_in_Turkey&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: By-elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/By-elections" class="mw-redirect" title="By-elections">By-elections</a> in Turkey are regulated in accordance with Article 7 of the Law on Parliamentary Elections. Accordingly, by-elections are held in case of a vacancy in the membership of the Parliament. According to the constitution, by-elections are held once in each election period, and by-elections cannot be held unless 30 months have passed and 1 year before the parliamentary elections. However, if a province or constituency does not have any members in the Parliament, by-elections are held in that constituency on the first Sunday after 90 days following the vacancy.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_elections_in_Turkey&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Turkey" title="Elections in Turkey">Elections in Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_elections_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential elections in Turkey">Presidential elections in Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Turkey" title="Referendums in Turkey">Referendums in Turkey</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_elections_in_Turkey&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aksaray was a province between 1924-1933 and was a district of Niğde from 1933 to 1989.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ardahan was a province until 1926 and was a district of Kars from 1926 to 1992.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">It was left to <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Moscow_(1921)" title="Treaty of Moscow (1921)">Treaty of Moscow</a> in 1921.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In 1923, it became a district of Çanakkale province.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Genç until 1926, district of Elazig province between 1927-1929 and district of Muş province between 1929-1936.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In 1926, it became a district of Istanbul province.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In 1926, it became a district of Diyarbakır province.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In 1926, it became a district of Çanakkale province.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">District of Van province between 1933-1936.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">It merged with Mersin Province in 1933.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">District of Nevşehir Province between 1954-1957.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In 1926, it became a district of Adana province.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In 1923, the province of Rize was established in place of the Lazistan Sanjak</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">District of Bitlis province between 1925-1929.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In 1926, it became a district of Erzurum province.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cebel-i Bereket Province until 1933, district of Adana Province between 1933-1996.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Between 1933 and 1936, it merged with Çoruh Province, with the center being Rize.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In 1926, it became a district of Şanlıurfa province.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">It became a district of Giresun province in 1933</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">District of Elazığ between 1926-1936.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=How+Turkey%27s+Parliamentary+Elections+Work&rft.date=2015-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcarnegieendowment.org%2F2015%2F10%2F26%2Fhow-turkey-s-parliamentary-elections-work-pub-61744&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliamentary+elections+in+Turkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkish-parliament-approves-election-law-changes-172648">"Turkey reduces election threshold to 7 percent - Türkiye News"</a>. <i>Hürriyet Daily News</i>. Ankara. 1 April 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230319174042/https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkish-parliament-approves-election-law-changes-172648">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=H%C3%BCrriyet+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Turkey+reduces+election+threshold+to+7+percent+-+T%C3%BCrkiye+News&rft.date=2022-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyetdailynews.com%2Fturkish-parliament-approves-election-law-changes-172648&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliamentary+elections+in+Turkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCop2017" class="citation book cs1">Cop, Burak (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.librakitap.com.tr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=386&Itemid=105"><i>Electoral systems in Turkey</i></a> (1st ed.). İstanbul. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-605-2380-18-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-605-2380-18-5"><bdi>978-605-2380-18-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230521100547/https://www.librakitap.com.tr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=386&Itemid=105">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Observation+Mission+Final+Report&rft.pub=OSCE&rft.date=2018-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Ffiles%2Ff%2Fdocuments%2F9%2F4%2F397046_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParliamentary+elections+in+Turkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŞen2017" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Şen, Ersan (10 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hukukihaber.net/yurtdisinda-secim-propagandasi-yasagi">"Yurtdışında Seçim Propagandası Yasağı"</a>. <i>Hukuki Haber</i> (in Turkish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230402195154/https://www.hukukihaber.net/yurtdisinda-secim-propagandasi-yasagi">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Turkish_elections" title="Template:Turkish elections"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Turkish_elections" title="Template talk:Turkish elections"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Turkish_elections" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Turkish elections"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Turkey&#124;link=Turkey_Elections_and_referendums_in_Turkey" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Turkey" title="Elections in Turkey">Elections</a> and <a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Turkey" title="Referendums in Turkey">referendums</a> in Turkey</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_presidential_elections" title="Turkish presidential elections">Presidential elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Turkish_presidential_election" title="2014 Turkish presidential election">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Turkish_presidential_election" title="2018 Turkish presidential election">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Turkish_presidential_election" title="2023 Turkish presidential election">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2028_Turkish_presidential_election" title="2028 Turkish presidential election"><i>2028</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Parliamentary elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1923_Turkish_general_election" title="1923 Turkish general election">1923</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1927_Turkish_general_election" title="1927 Turkish general election">1927</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_Turkish_general_election" title="1931 Turkish general election">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_Turkish_general_election" title="1935 Turkish general election">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1939_Turkish_general_election" title="1939 Turkish general election">1939</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1943_Turkish_general_election" title="1943 Turkish general election">1943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_Turkish_general_election" title="1946 Turkish general election">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_Turkish_general_election" title="1950 Turkish general election">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Turkish_general_election" title="1954 Turkish general election">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_Turkish_general_election" title="1957 Turkish general election">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_Turkish_general_election" title="1961 Turkish general election">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_Turkish_general_election" title="1965 Turkish general election">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Turkish_general_election" title="1969 Turkish general election">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Turkish_general_election" title="1973 Turkish general election">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Turkish_general_election" title="1977 Turkish general election">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Turkish_general_election" title="1983 Turkish general election">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Turkish_general_election" title="1987 Turkish general election">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Turkish_general_election" title="1991 Turkish general election">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Turkish_general_election" title="1995 Turkish general election">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Turkish_general_election" title="1999 Turkish general election">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Turkish_general_election" title="2002 Turkish general election">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Turkish_general_election" title="2007 Turkish general election">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Turkish_general_election" title="2011 Turkish general election">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2015_Turkish_general_election" title="June 2015 Turkish general election">2015 (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2015_Turkish_general_election" title="November 2015 Turkish general election">2015 (Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Turkish_parliamentary_election" title="2018 Turkish parliamentary election">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Turkish_parliamentary_election" title="2023 Turkish parliamentary election">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_Turkish_parliamentary_election" title="Next Turkish parliamentary election"><i>Next</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Turkey" title="List of municipalities in Turkey">Local elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1930_Turkish_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1930 Turkish local elections (page does not exist)">1930</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1934_Turkish_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1934 Turkish local elections (page does not exist)">1934</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938_Turkish_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1938 Turkish local elections (page does not exist)">1938</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1942_Turkish_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1942 Turkish local elections (page does not exist)">1942</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1946_Turkish_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1946 Turkish local elections (page does not exist)">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1950_Turkish_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1950 Turkish local elections (page does not exist)">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1955_Turkish_local_elections&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1955 Turkish local elections (page does not exist)">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Turkish_local_elections" title="1963 Turkish local elections">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Turkish_local_elections" title="1968 Turkish local elections">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Turkish_local_elections" title="1973 Turkish local elections">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Turkish_local_elections" title="1977 Turkish local elections">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Turkish_local_elections" title="1984 Turkish local elections">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Turkish_local_elections" title="1989 Turkish local elections">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Turkish_local_elections" title="1994 Turkish local elections">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Turkish_local_elections" title="1999 Turkish local elections">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Turkish_local_elections" title="2004 Turkish local elections">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Turkish_local_elections" title="2009 Turkish local elections">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Turkish_local_elections" title="2014 Turkish local elections">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Turkish_local_elections" title="2019 Turkish local elections">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Turkish_local_elections" title="2024 Turkish local elections">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_(Turkey)" title="Senate of the Republic (Turkey)">Senate</a> elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1961_Turkish_Senate_election" title="1961 Turkish Senate election">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Turkish_Senate_election" title="1964 Turkish Senate election">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Turkish_Senate_election" title="1966 Turkish Senate election">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Turkish_Senate_election" title="1968 Turkish Senate election">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Turkish_Senate_election" title="1973 Turkish Senate election">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_Turkish_Senate_election" title="1975 Turkish Senate election">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Turkish_Senate_election" title="1977 Turkish Senate election">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Turkish_Senate_election" title="1979 Turkish Senate election">1979</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Referendums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1961_Turkish_constitutional_referendum" title="1961 Turkish constitutional referendum">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Turkish_constitutional_referendum" title="1982 Turkish constitutional referendum">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Turkish_constitutional_referendum" title="1987 Turkish constitutional referendum">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Turkish_constitutional_referendum" title="1988 Turkish constitutional referendum">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Turkish_constitutional_referendum" title="2007 Turkish constitutional referendum">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Turkish_constitutional_referendum" title="2010 Turkish constitutional referendum">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Turkish_constitutional_referendum" title="2017 Turkish constitutional referendum">2017</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Elections in the Ottoman Empire">Elections in the Ottoman Empire</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Turkey" title="History of Turkey">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal">Ancient and Middle Ages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_Anatolia" title="Prehistory of Anatolia">Prehistory of Anatolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Anatolia" title="Classical Anatolia">Classical Anatolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Anatolia" title="Byzantine Anatolia">Byzantine Anatolia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><a href="/wiki/Seljuk_dynasty" title="Seljuk dynasty">Seljuks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anatolian_beyliks" title="Anatolian beyliks">Beyliks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">Seljuk Empire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Manzikert" title="Battle of Manzikert">Battle of Manzikert</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Rum" title="Sultanate of Rum">Sultanate of Rum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_beyliks" title="Anatolian beyliks">Anatolian beyliks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rise_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Rise of the Ottoman Empire">Rise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Age_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Classical Age of the Ottoman Empire">Classical Age</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Constantinople" title="Fall of Constantinople">Conquest of Constantinople</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transformation_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Transformation of the Ottoman Empire">Transformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Old_Regime" title="Ottoman Old Regime">Ottoman Old Regime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tulip_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulip period">Tulip era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decline_and_modernization_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire">Decline and modernization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tanzimat" title="Tanzimat">Tanzimat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Constitutional_Era" title="First Constitutional Era">First Constitutional Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Constitutional_Era" title="Second Constitutional Era">Second Constitutional Era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire">Dissolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Partition of the Ottoman Empire">Partition</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey" title="History of the Republic of Turkey">Republic of Türkiye</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="Turkish War of Independence">War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey" title="Proclamation of the Republic of Turkey">Proclamation of the republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atat%C3%BCrk%27s_reforms" title="Atatürk's reforms">Atatürk's reforms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language_reform" title="Turkish language reform">Language reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism_in_Turkey" title="Secularism in Turkey">Secularism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-party_period_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey" title="One-party period of the Republic of Turkey">One-party period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-party_period_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey" title="Multi-party period of the Republic of Turkey">Multi-party period</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_history_of_Turkey" title="Constitutional history of Turkey">Constitutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Turkey" title="Economic history of Turkey">Economic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Economic history of the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Turkey" title="Military history of Turkey">Military</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkic_migration" title="Turkic migration">Turkic migration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Turks" title="Oghuz Turks">Oghuz Turks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkification" title="Turkification">Turkification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_peoples_of_Anatolia" title="List of ancient peoples of Anatolia">Ancient peoples of Anatolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Anatolia" title="History of Anatolia">History of Anatolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Thrace" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Thrace">History of Thrace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Turkey" title="Geography of Turkey">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><a href="/wiki/Geographical_regions_of_Turkey" title="Geographical regions of Turkey">Regions</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(west to east)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marmara_region" title="Marmara region">Marmara region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_region" title="Aegean region">Aegean region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Region,_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean Region, Turkey">Mediterranean region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_region" title="Black Sea region">Black Sea region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Anatolia_region" title="Central Anatolia region">Central Anatolia region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Anatolia_region" title="Eastern Anatolia region">Eastern Anatolia region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Anatolia_region" title="Southeastern Anatolia region">Southeastern Anatolia region</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Turkey" title="Climate of Turkey">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Turkey" title="Climate change in Turkey">Climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Turkey" title="List of earthquakes in Turkey">Earthquakes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Anatolian_Fault" title="East Anatolian Fault">East Anatolian Fault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Anatolian_Fault" title="North Anatolian Fault">North Anatolian Fault</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Turkey" title="Environmental issues in Turkey">Environmental issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_pollution_in_Turkey" title="Air pollution in Turkey">Air pollution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Turkey" title="Waste management in Turkey">Waste management</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Turkey" title="Fauna of Turkey">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_and_vegetation_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Flora and vegetation of Turkey">Flora and vegetation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Turkey" title="Geology of Turkey">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Turkey" title="List of lakes of Turkey">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Turkey" title="List of mountains in Turkey">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Turkey" title="List of national parks of Turkey">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Turkey" title="List of rivers of Turkey">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Riviera" title="Turkish Riviera">Turkish Riviera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Turkey" title="Wildlife of Turkey">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Turkey" title="Government of Turkey">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal">Branches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_National_Assembly_of_Turkey" title="Grand National Assembly of Turkey">Legislative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">Executive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Turkey" title="Cabinet of Turkey">Cabinet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_system_of_Turkey" title="Judicial system of Turkey">Judicial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Turkey" title="Constitutional Court of Turkey">Constitutional Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Cassation_(Turkey)" title="Court of Cassation (Turkey)">Court of Cassation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Jurisdictional_Disputes" title="Court of Jurisdictional Disputes">Court of Jurisdictional Disputes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_State_(Turkey)" title="Council of State (Turkey)">Council of State</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Turkey" title="Politics of Turkey">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Turkey" title="Elections in Turkey">Elections</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Parliamentary elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_presidential_elections" title="Turkish presidential elections">Presidential elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system_of_Turkey" title="Electoral system of Turkey">Electoral system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Turkey" title="List of political parties in Turkey">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Turkey" title="Referendums in Turkey">Referendums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Turkey" title="Administrative divisions of Turkey">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Turkey" title="Foreign relations of Turkey">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Organization" title="National Intelligence Organization">Intelligence Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of the Interior (Turkey)">Ministry of the Interior</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Directorate_of_Security_(Turkey)" title="General Directorate of Security (Turkey)">National Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendarmerie_General_Command" title="Gendarmerie General Command">Gendarmerie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Turkey" title="Constitution of Turkey">The constitutional system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Armed_Forces" title="Turkish Armed Forces">Turkish Armed Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Air_Force" title="Turkish Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Land_Forces" title="Turkish Land Forces">Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Naval_Forces" title="Turkish Naval Forces">Navy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Turkey" title="Economy of Turkey">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Turkey" title="Automotive industry in Turkey">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Turkey" title="Banking in Turkey">Banking and Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_construction_and_contracting_industry" title="Turkish construction and contracting industry">Construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_lira" title="Turkish lira">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_industry_of_Turkey" title="Defense industry of Turkey">Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Turkey" title="Energy in Turkey">Energy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coal_in_Turkey" title="Coal in Turkey">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_in_Turkey" title="Gas in Turkey">Gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_in_Turkey" title="Oil in Turkey">Oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Turkey" title="Renewable energy in Turkey">Renewables</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_trade_agreements_of_Turkey" title="Free trade agreements of Turkey">Free trade agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Turkey" title="Science and technology in Turkey">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Turkey" title="Telecommunications in Turkey">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Turkey" title="Tourism in Turkey">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Turkey" title="Transport in Turkey">Transportation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_in_Turkey" title="Aviation in Turkey">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Airlines" title="Turkish Airlines">Turkish Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Turkey" title="Rail transport in Turkey">Railways</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Turkey" title="Demographics of Turkey">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turkish people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Turkey" title="Kurds in Turkey">Ethnic Kurds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minorities_in_Turkey" title="Minorities in Turkey">Minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Turkey" title="Languages of Turkey">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish language</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Turkey" title="Religion in Turkey">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Turkey" title="Islam in Turkey">Islam in Turkey</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_and_towns_in_Turkey" title="List of largest cities and towns in Turkey">Cities and towns</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmir" title="İzmir">İzmir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Turkey" title="Immigration to Turkey">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_provinces_by_life_expectancy" title="List of Turkish provinces by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Turkey" title="Education in Turkey">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Turkey" title="List of universities in Turkey">Universities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_in_Turkey" title="Health care in Turkey">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Turkey" title="Human rights in Turkey">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Turkey">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_people" title="List of Turkish people">Individuals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Turkey" title="Law enforcement in Turkey">Law enforcement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Turkey" title="Crime in Turkey">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Turkey" title="Corruption in Turkey">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Turkey" title="Terrorism in Turkey">Terrorism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Turkey" title="Marriage in Turkey">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Turkey" title="Poverty in Turkey">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Turkey" title="Women in Turkey">Women in Turkey</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Culture" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Turkey" title="Culture of Turkey">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0stiklal_Mar%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="İstiklal Marşı">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Turkey" title="Architecture of Turkey">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_Seljuk_architecture" title="Anatolian Seljuk architecture">Seljuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_architecture" title="Ottoman architecture">Ottoman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_art" title="Turkish art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_rug" title="Anatolian rug">Carpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Turkey" title="Cinema of Turkey">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_cuisine" title="Turkish cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_cuisine" title="Ottoman cuisine">Ottoman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_Turkey" title="List of festivals in Turkey">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Turkey" title="Flag of Turkey">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_folk_dance" title="Turkish folk dance">Folk dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_folklore" title="Turkish folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_illumination" title="Ottoman illumination">Illumination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_elements_in_Turkey" title="List of Intangible Cultural Heritage elements in Turkey">Intangible cultural heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_literature" title="Turkish literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Turkey" title="Mass media in Turkey">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Turkey" title="Television in Turkey">TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Turkey" title="List of newspapers in Turkey">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Turkey" title="List of radio stations in Turkey">Radio stations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_miniature" title="Ottoman miniature">Miniature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Turkey" title="Music of Turkey">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_name" title="Turkish name">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Modern_Turkish_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Modern Turkish painting">Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iznik_pottery" title="Iznik pottery">Pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Turkey" title="Sport in Turkey">Sports</a> <ul><li><a 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