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<span>Meetings</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Meetings-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Meetings subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Meetings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Geneva,_1964" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geneva,_1964"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Geneva, 1964</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geneva,_1964-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Delhi,_1968" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Delhi,_1968"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>New Delhi, 1968</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Delhi,_1968-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Santiago,_1972" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Santiago,_1972"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Santiago, 1972</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Santiago,_1972-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nairobi,_1976,_and_Manila,_1979" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nairobi,_1976,_and_Manila,_1979"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Nairobi, 1976, and Manila, 1979</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nairobi,_1976,_and_Manila,_1979-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Belgrade,_1983" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belgrade,_1983"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Belgrade, 1983</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belgrade,_1983-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bridgetown,_2021" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bridgetown,_2021"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Bridgetown, 2021</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bridgetown,_2021-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Achievements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Achievements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Achievements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Achievements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Reports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Partnership_initiatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partnership_initiatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Partnership initiatives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partnership_initiatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_secretaries-general_and_officers-in-charge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_secretaries-general_and_officers-in-charge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>List of secretaries-general and officers-in-charge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_secretaries-general_and_officers-in-charge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">UN Trade and Development</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 58 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">58 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="مؤتمر الأمم المتحدة للتجارة والتنمية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مؤتمر الأمم المتحدة للتجارة والتنمية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMT%E2%80%90nin_Ticar%C9%99t_v%C9%99_%C4%B0nki%C5%9Faf_%C3%BCzr%C9%99_Konfrans%C4%B1" title="BMT‐nin Ticarət və İnkişaf üzrə Konfransı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="BMT‐nin Ticarət və İnkişaf üzrə Konfransı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%98_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%93_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A8" title="জাতিসংঘ বাণিজ্য ও উন্নয়ন সম্মেলন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জাতিসংঘ বাণিজ্য ও উন্নয়ন সম্মেলন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%90%D0%9D_%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%96_%D1%96_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%96" title="Канфэрэнцыя ААН па гандлі і разьвіцьці – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Канфэрэнцыя ААН па гандлі і разьвіцьці" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D0%9E%D0%9D_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Конференция на ООН за търговия и развитие – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Конференция на ООН за търговия и развитие" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konferencija_Ujedinjenih_nacija_o_trgovini_i_razvoju" title="Konferencija Ujedinjenih nacija o trgovini i razvoju – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Konferencija Ujedinjenih nacija o trgovini i razvoju" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confer%C3%A8ncia_de_les_Nacions_Unides_sobre_Comer%C3%A7_i_Desenvolupament" title="Conferència de les Nacions Unides sobre Comerç i Desenvolupament – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Conferència de les Nacions Unides sobre Comerç i Desenvolupament" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konference_OSN_o_obchodu_a_rozvoji" title="Konference OSN o obchodu a rozvoji – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Konference OSN o obchodu a rozvoji" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/FN%27s_konference_for_handel_og_udvikling" title="FN's konference for handel og udvikling – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="FN's konference for handel og udvikling" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konferenz_der_Vereinten_Nationen_f%C3%BCr_Handel_und_Entwicklung" title="Konferenz der Vereinten Nationen für Handel und Entwicklung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Konferenz der Vereinten Nationen für Handel und Entwicklung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Chinenud_Rahvaste_Organisatsiooni_Kaubandus-_ja_Arengukonverents" title="Ühinenud Rahvaste Organisatsiooni Kaubandus- ja Arengukonverents – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ühinenud Rahvaste Organisatsiooni Kaubandus- ja Arengukonverents" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%88%CE%B7_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%97%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%95%CE%B8%CE%BD%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF_%CE%95%CE%BC%CF%80%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD_%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%AC%CF%80%CF%84%CF%85%CE%BE%CE%B7" title="Διάσκεψη των Ηνωμένων Εθνών για το Εμπόριο και την Ανάπτυξη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διάσκεψη των Ηνωμένων Εθνών για το Εμπόριο και την Ανάπτυξη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conferencia_de_las_Naciones_Unidas_sobre_Comercio_y_Desarrollo" title="Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre Comercio y Desarrollo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre Comercio y Desarrollo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konferenco_de_la_Unui%C4%9Dintaj_Nacioj_pri_Komerco_kaj_Disvolvado" title="Konferenco de la Unuiĝintaj Nacioj pri Komerco kaj Disvolvado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Konferenco de la Unuiĝintaj Nacioj pri Komerco kaj Disvolvado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkataritza_eta_Garapenari_buruzko_Nazio_Batuen_Konferentzia" title="Merkataritza eta Garapenari buruzko Nazio Batuen Konferentzia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Merkataritza eta Garapenari buruzko Nazio Batuen Konferentzia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="آنکتاد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آنکتاد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conf%C3%A9rence_des_Nations_unies_sur_le_commerce_et_le_d%C3%A9veloppement" title="Conférence des Nations unies sur le commerce et le développement – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Conférence des Nations unies sur le commerce et le développement" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%97%94_%EB%AC%B4%EC%97%AD_%EA%B0%9C%EB%B0%9C_%ED%9A%8C%EC%9D%98" title="유엔 무역 개발 회의 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유엔 무역 개발 회의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D4%B1%D4%BF-%D5%AB_%D4%B1%D5%BC%D6%87%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%AB_%D6%87_%D5%A6%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AA%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%B8%D5%BE" title="ՄԱԿ-ի Առևտրի և զարգացման համաժողով – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="ՄԱԿ-ի Առևտրի և զարգացման համաժողով" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8" title="संयुक्त राष्ट्र व्यापार और विकास सम्मेलन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="संयुक्त राष्ट्र व्यापार और विकास सम्मेलन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konfero_di_Unionita_Nacioni_pri_Komerco_e_Developo" title="Konfero di Unionita Nacioni pri Komerco e Developo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Konfero di Unionita Nacioni pri Komerco e Developo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konferensi_Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa_mengenai_Perdagangan_dan_Pembangunan" title="Konferensi Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa mengenai Perdagangan dan Pembangunan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Konferensi Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa mengenai Perdagangan dan Pembangunan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A1%C3%B0stefna_Sameinu%C3%B0u_%C3%BEj%C3%B3%C3%B0anna_um_vi%C3%B0skipti_og_%C3%BEr%C3%B3un" title="Ráðstefna Sameinuðu þjóðanna um viðskipti og þróun – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ráðstefna Sameinuðu þjóðanna um viðskipti og þróun" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conferenza_delle_Nazioni_Unite_sul_commercio_e_lo_sviluppo" title="Conferenza delle Nazioni Unite sul commercio e lo sviluppo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Conferenza delle Nazioni Unite sul commercio e lo sviluppo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%93%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%95%22%D7%9D_%D7%9C%D7%A1%D7%97%D7%A8_%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%97" title="ועידת האו"ם לסחר ופיתוח – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ועידת האו"ם לסחר ופיתוח" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNCTAD" title="UNCTAD – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="UNCTAD" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%AD%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90_%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="გაეროს ვაჭრობისა და განვითარების კონფერენცია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გაეროს ვაჭრობისა და განვითარების კონფერენცია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%9D%D0%9A%D0%A2%D0%90%D0%94" title="ЮНКТАД – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="ЮНКТАД" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNCTAD" title="UNCTAD – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="UNCTAD" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konferans_Nasyonzini_sou_Kom%C3%A8s_ak_Devlopman" title="Konferans Nasyonzini sou Komès ak Devlopman – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Konferans Nasyonzini sou Komès ak Devlopman" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D3%A9%D0%BD%D2%AF%D0%BA%D1%82%D2%AF%D1%80%D2%AF%D2%AF_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%A3%D0%A3%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Соода жана өнүктүрүү боюнча БУУнун конференциясы – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Соода жана өнүктүрүү боюнча БУУнун конференциясы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jungtini%C5%B3_Taut%C5%B3_prekybos_ir_pl%C4%97tros_konferencija" title="Jungtinių Tautų prekybos ir plėtros konferencija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jungtinių Tautų prekybos ir plėtros konferencija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B5%BA%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" title="അൺ‌ക്‌റ്റാഡ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അൺ‌ക്‌റ്റാഡ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persidangan_Perdagangan_dan_Pembangunan_Pertubuhan_Bangsa-Bangsa_Bersatu" title="Persidangan Perdagangan dan Pembangunan Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Persidangan Perdagangan dan Pembangunan Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9C%E1%80%9E%E1%80%99%E1%80%82%E1%80%B9%E1%80%82_%E1%80%80%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BD%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%BE%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%96%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B6%E1%80%B7%E1%80%96%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AF_%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AC%E1%80%81%E1%80%B6%E1%80%A1%E1%80%96%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B7" title="ကုလသမဂ္ဂ ကုန်သွယ်ရေးနှင့် ဖွံ့ဖြိုးမှု ညီလာခံအဖွဲ့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကုလသမဂ္ဂ ကုန်သွယ်ရေးနှင့် ဖွံ့ဖြိုးမှု ညီလာခံအဖွဲ့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/VN-Conferentie_inzake_Handel_en_Ontwikkeling" title="VN-Conferentie inzake Handel en Ontwikkeling – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="VN-Conferentie inzake Handel en Ontwikkeling" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%9A%9B%E9%80%A3%E5%90%88%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BA%E4%BC%9A%E8%AD%B0" title="国際連合貿易開発会議 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="国際連合貿易開発会議" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/FN-konferansen_om_handel_og_utvikling" title="FN-konferansen om handel og utvikling – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="FN-konferansen om handel og utvikling" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNCTAD" title="UNCTAD – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="UNCTAD" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%DB%81_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%88_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C" title="اقوام متحدہ کانفرنس برائے تجارت و ترقی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اقوام متحدہ کانفرنس برائے تجارت و ترقی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konferencja_Narod%C3%B3w_Zjednoczonych_ds._Handlu_i_Rozwoju" title="Konferencja Narodów Zjednoczonych ds. Handlu i Rozwoju – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Konferencja Narodów Zjednoczonych ds. Handlu i Rozwoju" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confer%C3%AAncia_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es_Unidas_sobre_Com%C3%A9rcio_e_Desenvolvimento" title="Conferência das Nações Unidas sobre Comércio e Desenvolvimento – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Conferência das Nações Unidas sobre Comércio e Desenvolvimento" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conferin%C8%9Ba_Na%C8%9Biunilor_Unite_pentru_Comer%C8%9B_%C8%99i_Dezvoltare" title="Conferința Națiunilor Unite pentru Comerț și Dezvoltare – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Conferința Națiunilor Unite pentru Comerț și Dezvoltare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%9D%D0%9A%D0%A2%D0%90%D0%94" title="ЮНКТАД – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="ЮНКТАД" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DA%8F%D9%8A%D9%84_%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%8A_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1_%DB%BD_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A1%D9%8E_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA_%DA%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3" title="گڏيل قومن جي واپار ۽ ترقيءَ بابت ڪانفرنس – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="گڏيل قومن جي واپار ۽ ترقيءَ بابت ڪانفرنس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konferencia_Spojen%C3%BDch_n%C3%A1rodov_pre_obchod_a_rozvoj" title="Konferencia Spojených národov pre obchod a rozvoj – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Konferencia Spojených národov pre obchod a rozvoj" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konferenca_Zdru%C5%BEenih_narodov_o_trgovini_in_razvoju" title="Konferenca Združenih narodov o trgovini in razvoju – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Konferenca Združenih narodov o trgovini in razvoju" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirka_Ganacsiga_iyo_Horumarka_Qaramada_Midoobay" title="Shirka Ganacsiga iyo Horumarka Qaramada Midoobay – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Shirka Ganacsiga iyo Horumarka Qaramada Midoobay" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BE_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98%D1%83" title="Конференција Уједињених нација о трговини и развоју – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Конференција Уједињених нација о трговини и развоју" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konferencija_UN_o_trgovini_i_razvoju" title="Konferencija UN o trgovini i razvoju – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Konferencija UN o trgovini i razvoju" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yhdistyneiden_kansakuntien_kauppa-_ja_kehityskonferenssi" title="Yhdistyneiden kansakuntien kauppa- ja kehityskonferenssi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yhdistyneiden kansakuntien kauppa- ja kehityskonferenssi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Permanent intergovernmental body</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">UN Trade and Development</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:UNCTAD_Master_Logo_Blue.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/UNCTAD_Master_Logo_Blue.png/220px-UNCTAD_Master_Logo_Blue.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/UNCTAD_Master_Logo_Blue.png/330px-UNCTAD_Master_Logo_Blue.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/UNCTAD_Master_Logo_Blue.png/440px-UNCTAD_Master_Logo_Blue.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="563" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">UNCTAD</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">30 December 1964<span class="noprint">; 60 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1964-12-30</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Legal status</th><td class="infobox-data">Active profit organization</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>, United States of America</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Head</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rebeca_Grynspan" title="Rebeca Grynspan">Rebeca Grynspan</a><br />(Secretary-General)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Parent organization</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a><br /><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Secretariat" title="United Nations Secretariat">United Nations Secretariat</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unctad.org/">unctad<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UN_Building_E_View.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/UN_Building_E_View.JPG/260px-UN_Building_E_View.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/UN_Building_E_View.JPG/390px-UN_Building_E_View.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/UN_Building_E_View.JPG/520px-UN_Building_E_View.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>The Headquarters of UNCTAD are located at the <a href="/wiki/Palais_des_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Palais des Nations">Palais des Nations</a> in Geneva.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>UN Trade and Development</b> (<b>UNCTAD</b>) is an <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Intergovernmental organization">intergovernmental organization</a> within the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Secretariat" title="United Nations Secretariat">United Nations Secretariat</a> that promotes the interests of <a href="/wiki/Developing_country" title="Developing country">developing countries</a> in <a href="/wiki/International_trade" title="International trade">world trade</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was established in 1964 by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a> (UNGA) as the <b>United Nations Conference on Trade and Development</b> but rebranded to its current name on the occasion of its 60th anniversary in 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It reports to both the General Assembly and the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" title="United Nations Economic and Social Council">United Nations Economic and Social Council</a> (ECOSOC).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> UNCTAD is composed of 195 member states and works with <a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organization" title="Non-governmental organization">non-governmental organizations</a> worldwide;<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> its permanent secretariat is at <a href="/wiki/UNOG" class="mw-redirect" title="UNOG">UNOG</a> in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, Switzerland. </p><p>The primary objective of UNCTAD is to formulate policies relating to all aspects of development, including trade, aid, transport, finance and technology. It was created in response to concerns among developing countries that existing international institutions like <a href="/wiki/GATT" class="mw-redirect" title="GATT">GATT</a> (since replaced by the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a>), the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> (IMF), and the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> were not properly organized to handle the particular problems of developing countries; UNCTAD would provide a forum where developing nations could discuss and address problems relating to their economic development. </p><p>One of UNCTAD's principal achievements was conceiving and implementing the <a href="/wiki/Generalized_System_of_Preferences" title="Generalized System of Preferences">Generalized System of Preferences</a> (GSP), which promotes the export of manufactured goods from developing countries. In the 1970s and 1980s, UNCTAD was closely associated with the <a href="/wiki/New_International_Economic_Order" title="New International Economic Order">New International Economic Order</a> (NIEO), a set of proposals that sought to reduce economic <a href="/wiki/Dependency_theory" title="Dependency theory">dependency</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economic_inequality" title="Economic inequality">inequality</a> between developing and developed countries. </p><p>UNCTAD conferences ordinarily take place every four years, with the first occurring in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a> in 1964; fifteen subsequent meetings have taken place worldwide, with the most recent held in <a href="/wiki/Bridgetown" title="Bridgetown">Bridgetown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a>, from 3–8 October 2021 (albeit virtually, due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>). </p><p>UNCTAD has 400 staff members and a biannual (2010–2011) regular budget of US$138 million in core expenditures and US$72 million in extra-budgetary technical assistance funds. It is a member of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Sustainable_Development_Group" title="United Nations Sustainable Development Group">United Nations Sustainable Development Group</a>, a consortium of UN entities that work to promote sustainable socioeconomic development.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Membership">Membership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UN_Trade_and_Development&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Membership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UNCTAD_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/UNCTAD_map.png/334px-UNCTAD_map.png" decoding="async" width="334" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/UNCTAD_map.png/501px-UNCTAD_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/UNCTAD_map.png/668px-UNCTAD_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="628" /></a><figcaption><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#00FF00; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> UNCTAD Members</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#008000; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> UNCTAD Members at the Trade and Development Board</div></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UNCTAD_List_ABCD_map_2021.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="UNCTAD List ABCD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/UNCTAD_List_ABCD_map_2021.png/334px-UNCTAD_List_ABCD_map_2021.png" decoding="async" width="334" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/UNCTAD_List_ABCD_map_2021.png/501px-UNCTAD_List_ABCD_map_2021.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/UNCTAD_List_ABCD_map_2021.png/668px-UNCTAD_List_ABCD_map_2021.png 2x" data-file-width="1978" data-file-height="984" /></a><figcaption><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E1575A; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Members, List A</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#4F79A7; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Members, List B</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#77B7B2; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Members, List C</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#F28E2C; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Members, List D</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#DDDDDD; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Members, to be assigned</div></figcaption></figure> <p>As of May 2018, UNCTAD has 195 member states:<sup id="cite_ref-UNCTAD_Members_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNCTAD_Members-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> all <a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_United_Nations" title="Member states of the United Nations">UN members</a> plus UN observer states <a href="/wiki/Palestine" title="Palestine">Palestine</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>. UNCTAD members are divided into four categories based on <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Regional_Groups" title="United Nations Regional Groups">United Nations Regional Groups</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-UNCTAD_Members_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNCTAD_Members-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with six members unassigned: Kiribati, Nauru, South Sudan, Tajikistan, Tuvalu. List A consists mostly of countries in the UN's <a href="/wiki/African_Group" title="African Group">African Group</a> and <a href="/wiki/Group_of_Asia_and_the_Pacific_Small_Island_Developing_States" title="Group of Asia and the Pacific Small Island Developing States">Asia-Pacific Group</a>. List B consists of countries of the <a href="/wiki/Western_European_and_Others_Group" title="Western European and Others Group">Western European and Others Group</a>. List C consists of countries of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_Group" title="Latin American and Caribbean Group">Group of Latin American and Caribbean States</a> (GRULAC). List D consists of countries of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Group" title="Eastern European Group">Eastern European Group</a>. </p><p>The lists, originally defined in 19th General Assembly resolution 1995<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> serve to balance geographical distribution of member states' representation on the Trade Development Board and other UNCTAD structures. The lists are similar to those of <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Industrial_Development_Organization#Membership" title="United Nations Industrial Development Organization">UNIDO</a>, a UN <a href="/wiki/Specialized_agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Specialized agency">specialized agency</a>. </p><p>The most recent member is Palestine<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The full list is as follows: </p> <dl><dd><b>List A</b> (100 members): Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brunei Darussalam, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, China, Comoros, Côte d'Ivoire, Republic of Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Micronesia, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Niger, Nigeria, North Korea, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Viet Nam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe.</dd></dl> <dl><dd><b>List B</b> (32 members): Andorra, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Holy See, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, San Marino, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States.</dd></dl> <dl><dd><b>List C</b> (33 members): Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela.</dd></dl> <dl><dd><b>List D</b> (24 members): Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Montenegro, Poland, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Macedonia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan.</dd></dl> <dl><dd><b>Not assigned countries</b> (6 members): Kiribati, Nauru, South Sudan, Tajikistan, Tuvalu.</dd></dl> <p>Other states that do not participate are <a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">states with limited recognition</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Meetings">Meetings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UN_Trade_and_Development&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Meetings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The inter-governmental work is done at five levels of meetings: </p> <ul><li>The UNCTAD Conference – held every four years:</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td>UNCTAD XV </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bridgetown" title="Bridgetown">Bridgetown</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/23px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/35px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/45px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span>Barbados </td> <td>3–8 October 2021<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>UNCTAD XIV</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nairobi" title="Nairobi">Nairobi</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Kenya</td> <td>17–22 July 2016<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>UNCTAD XIII</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /></span></span> </span>Qatar</td> <td>21–26 April 2012<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>UNCTAD XII</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Ghana</td> <td>21–25 April 2008<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>UNCTAD XI</td> <td><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span>Brazil</td> <td>13–18 June 2004<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>UNCTAD X</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Thailand</td> <td>12–19 February 2000<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>UNCTAD IX</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Midrand,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Midrand, Gauteng">Midrand</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>South Africa</td> <td>27 April – 11 May 1996 </td></tr> <tr> <td>UNCTAD VIII</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cartagena,_Colombia" title="Cartagena, Colombia">Cartagena</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Colombia</td> <td>8–25 February 1992 </td></tr> <tr> <td>UNCTAD VII </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span>  </span>Switzerland </td> <td>8 Jul – 3 Aug 1987 </td></tr> <tr> <td>UNCTAD VI </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span>Yugoslavia </td> <td>6–30 Jun 1983 </td></tr> <tr> <td>UNCTAD V </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Philippines </td> <td>7 May – 3 Jun 1979 </td></tr> <tr> <td>UNCTAD IV </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nairobi" title="Nairobi">Nairobi</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Kenya </td> <td>5–31 May 1976 </td></tr> <tr> <td>UNCTAD III </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Santiago" title="Santiago">Santiago</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Chile </td> <td>13 Apr – 21 May 1972 </td></tr> <tr> <td>UNCTAD II </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>India </td> <td>31 Jan – 29 Mar 1968 </td></tr> <tr> <td>UNCTAD I </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span>  </span>Switzerland </td> <td>23 Mar – 16 Jun 1964 </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>The UNCTAD Trade and Development Board – the board manages the work of UNCTAD between two conferences and meets up to three times every year.</li> <li>Four UNCTAD Commissions and one Working Party – these meet more often than the board to take up policy, programme and budgetary issues.</li> <li>Expert Meetings – the commissions will convene expert meetings on selected topics to provide substantive and expert input for Commission policy discussions.</li></ul> <p>The 15th quadrennial meeting took place virtually in <a href="/wiki/Bridgetown,_Barbados" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridgetown, Barbados">Bridgetown, Barbados</a>, from 25 to 30 April 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geneva,_1964"><span id="Geneva.2C_1964"></span>Geneva, 1964</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UN_Trade_and_Development&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Geneva, 1964"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In response to developing countries (<a href="/wiki/Least_Developed_Country" class="mw-redirect" title="Least Developed Country">Least Developed Country</a>, LDC) anxiety at their worsening position in world trade, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a> voted for a 'one-off' conference. These early discussions paved the way for new IMF facilities to provide finance for shortfalls in commodity earnings and for the Generalised Preference Schemes which increased access to Northern markets for manufactured imports from the South. At <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, the LDCs were successful in their proposal for the conference with its secretariat to become a permanent organ of the UN, with meetings every four years.<sup id="cite_ref-UNCTAD_VI:_background_and_issues_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNCTAD_VI:_background_and_issues-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the Geneva meeting, <a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Prebisch" title="Raúl Prebisch">Raúl Prebisch</a>—a prominent Argentinian economist from the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean">United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean</a> (ECLAC)—became the organization's first secretary-general.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Delhi,_1968"><span id="New_Delhi.2C_1968"></span>New Delhi, 1968</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UN_Trade_and_Development&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: New Delhi, 1968"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The New Delhi Conference, held in February and March 1968, was a forum that allowed developing countries to reach an agreement on the basic principles of their development policies. The conference in New Delhi was an opportunity for schemes to be finally approved. The conference provided a major impetus in persuading the North to follow up on UNCTAD I resolutions, in establishing generalized preferences. The target for private and official flows to LDCs was raised to 1% of the North's <a href="/wiki/GNP" class="mw-redirect" title="GNP">GNP</a>, but the developed countries failed to achieve the target by a specific date. This has proven a continuing point of debate at UNCTAD conferences. </p><p>The conference led to the <a href="/wiki/International_Sugar_Agreement" title="International Sugar Agreement">International Sugar Agreement</a>, which seeks to stabilize world sugar prices.<sup id="cite_ref-UNCTAD_VI:_background_and_issues_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNCTAD_VI:_background_and_issues-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Santiago,_1972"><span id="Santiago.2C_1972"></span>Santiago, 1972</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UN_Trade_and_Development&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Santiago, 1972"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Santiago Conference, 15 April 1972, was the third occasion on which developing countries confronted the rich with the need to use trade and aid measures more effectively to improve living standards in the developing world. Discussion centred on the international monetary system and specifically on the South's proposal that a higher proportion of new special drawing rights (SDRs) should be allocated to LDCs as a form of aid (the so-called 'link'). In <a href="/wiki/Santiago" title="Santiago">Santiago</a>, substantial disagreements arose within the <a href="/wiki/Group_of_77" title="Group of 77">Group of 77</a> (G77) despite preconference meetings. There was disagreement over the SDR proposal and between those in the G77 who wanted fundamental changes such as a change in the voting allocations in the South's favour at the IMF and those (mainly the Latin American countries) who wanted much milder reforms. This internal dissent seriously weakened the group's negotiating position and led to a final agreed motion which recommended that the IMF should examine the link and that further research be conducted into general reforms. This avoided firm commitments to act on the 'link' or general reform, and the motion was passed by the conference.<sup id="cite_ref-UNCTAD_VI:_background_and_issues_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNCTAD_VI:_background_and_issues-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nairobi,_1976,_and_Manila,_1979"><span id="Nairobi.2C_1976.2C_and_Manila.2C_1979"></span>Nairobi, 1976, and Manila, 1979</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UN_Trade_and_Development&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Nairobi, 1976, and Manila, 1979"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>UNCTAD IV, held in <a href="/wiki/Nairobi" title="Nairobi">Nairobi</a> in May 1976, showed relative success compared to its predecessors. An <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Development_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas Development Institute">Overseas Development Institute</a> briefing paper of April 1979 highlights one reason for success as being down to the <a href="/wiki/1973_Oil_Crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="1973 Oil Crisis">1973 Oil Crisis</a> and the encouragement of LDCs to make gains through producers of other commodities. The principal result of the conference was the adoption of the Integrated Programme for Commodities. The programme covered the principal commodity exports and its objectives aside from the stabilisation of commodity prices were: "Just and remunerative pricing, taking into account world inflation", the expansion of processing, distribution and control of technology by LDCs and improved access to markets.<sup id="cite_ref-preview_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-preview-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>UNCTAD V, held in <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a> in 1979 in the wake of the Nairobi Conference, focused on the key issues of protectionism in developing countries and the need for structural change, trade in commodities and manufacturing aid and international monetary reform, technology, shipping, and economic co-operation among developing countries. An Overseas Development Institute briefing paper written in 1979 focuses its attention on the key issues regarding the LDCs' role as the <a href="/wiki/Group_of_77" title="Group of 77">Group of 77</a> in the international community.<sup id="cite_ref-preview_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-preview-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Belgrade,_1983"><span id="Belgrade.2C_1983"></span>Belgrade, 1983</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UN_Trade_and_Development&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Belgrade, 1983"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The sixth UN Conference on Trade and Development in <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>, 6–30 June 1983, was held against the background of earlier UNCTADs which have substantially failed to resolve many of the disagreements between the developed and developing countries and of a world economy in its worst recession since the early 1930s. The key issues of the time were finance and adjustment, commodity price stabilisation and trade.<sup id="cite_ref-UNCTAD_VI:_background_and_issues_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNCTAD_VI:_background_and_issues-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bridgetown,_2021"><span id="Bridgetown.2C_2021"></span>Bridgetown, 2021</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UN_Trade_and_Development&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bridgetown, 2021"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The fifteenth session of UNCTAD was originally scheduled for 2020 but was delayed until 2021 due to <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>. This was the first time the conference was held in a <a href="/wiki/Small_Island_Developing_States" title="Small Island Developing States">Small Island Developing State</a> (SIDS). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Achievements">Achievements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UN_Trade_and_Development&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Achievements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of UNCTAD's earliest and most notable accomplishments was the formulation and implementation of the <a href="/wiki/Generalized_System_of_Preferences" title="Generalized System of Preferences">Generalized System of Preferences</a> (GSP), which offered special tariff concessions to exports of manufactured goods by developing countries. Accepting this argument, the developed countries formulated the GSP scheme under which manufacturers' exports and imports of some agricultural goods from the developing countries enter duty-free or at reduced rates in the developed countries. Since imports of such items from other developed countries are subject to the normal rates of duties, imports of the same items from developing countries would enjoy a competitive advantage. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reports">Reports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UN_Trade_and_Development&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Reports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>UNCTAD produces a number of topical reports, including: </p> <ul><li>The Trade and Development Report<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Trade and Environment Review<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The World Investment Report<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Economic Development in Africa Report<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Least Developed Countries Report<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>UNCTAD Statistics<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_Economy_Report&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Digital Economy Report (page does not exist)">Digital Economy Report</a> (formerly known as the <i>Information Economy Report)</i><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Review_of_Maritime_Transport" title="Review of Maritime Transport">The Review of Maritime Transport</a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The International Accounting and Reporting Issues Annual Review<sup id="cite_ref-unctad.org_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unctad.org-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Technology and Innovation Report<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other">Other</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UN_Trade_and_Development&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>UNCTAD conducts technical cooperation programmes<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as <a href="/wiki/ASYCUDA" class="mw-redirect" title="ASYCUDA">ASYCUDA</a>, <a href="/wiki/DMFAS" title="DMFAS">DMFAS</a>, <a href="/wiki/EMPRETEC" title="EMPRETEC">EMPRETEC</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/WAIPA" class="mw-redirect" title="WAIPA">WAIPA</a>. </p><p>In addition, UNCTAD conducts certain technical cooperation in collaboration with the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a> through the joint <a href="/wiki/International_Trade_Centre" title="International Trade Centre">International Trade Centre</a> (ITC), a technical cooperation agency targeting operational and enterprise-oriented aspects of trade development. </p><p>UNCTAD hosts the <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_Working_Group_of_Experts_on_International_Standards_of_Accounting_and_Reporting" title="Intergovernmental Working Group of Experts on International Standards of Accounting and Reporting">Intergovernmental Working Group of Experts on International Standards of Accounting and Reporting</a> (ISAR).<sup id="cite_ref-unctad.org_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unctad.org-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partnership_initiatives">Partnership initiatives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UN_Trade_and_Development&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Partnership initiatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>UNCTAD is a founding member of the United Nations <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Stock_Exchanges_Initiative" title="Sustainable Stock Exchanges Initiative">Sustainable Stock Exchanges (SSE) initiative</a> along with the <a href="/wiki/Principles_for_Responsible_Investment_(PRI)" class="mw-redirect" title="Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI)">Principles for Responsible Investment</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Environment_Programme_Finance_Initiative" title="United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative">United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative (UNEP-FI)</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/UN_Global_Compact" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Global Compact">UN Global Compact</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_secretaries-general_and_officers-in-charge">List of secretaries-general and officers-in-charge</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UN_Trade_and_Development&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: List of secretaries-general and officers-in-charge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Nr </th> <th>Secretary-General </th> <th>Dates in office </th> <th>Country of origin </th> <th>Remarks </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Prebisch" title="Raúl Prebisch">Raúl Prebisch</a></td> <td>1963–1969</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span>Argentina</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_P%C3%A9rez_Guerrero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manuel Pérez Guerrero (page does not exist)">Manuel Pérez Guerrero</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_P%C3%A9rez_Guerrero" class="extiw" title="es:Manuel Pérez Guerrero">es</a>]</span></td> <td>1969–1974</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/State_flag_of_Venezuela_%281954%E2%80%932006%29.svg/23px-State_flag_of_Venezuela_%281954%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/State_flag_of_Venezuela_%281954%E2%80%932006%29.svg/35px-State_flag_of_Venezuela_%281954%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/State_flag_of_Venezuela_%281954%E2%80%932006%29.svg/45px-State_flag_of_Venezuela_%281954%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Venezuela</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gamani_Corea" title="Gamani Corea">Gamani Corea</a></td> <td>1974–1984</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Sri Lanka</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>Alister McIntyre</td> <td>1985</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/23px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/35px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/46px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Grenada</td> <td>Officer-in-Charge </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_K.S._Dadzie" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenneth K.S. Dadzie">Kenneth K.S. Dadzie</a></td> <td>1986–1994</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Ghana</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td>Carlos Fortin</td> <td>1994–1995</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Chile</td> <td>Officer-in-Charge </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rubens_Ricupero" title="Rubens Ricupero">Rubens Ricupero</a></td> <td>1995–2004</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span>Brazil</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td>Carlos Fortin</td> <td>2004–2005</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Chile</td> <td>Officer-in-Charge </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Supachai_Panitchpakdi" title="Supachai Panitchpakdi">Supachai Panitchpakdi</a></td> <td>1 September 2005 – 30 August 2013</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Thailand</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mukhisa_Kituyi" title="Mukhisa Kituyi">Mukhisa Kituyi</a></td> <td>1 September 2013 – 15 February 2021</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Kenya</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Isabelle_Durant" title="Isabelle Durant">Isabelle Durant</a></td> <td>15 February 2021 – 11 June 2021</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Belgium</td> <td>Officer-in-Charge </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rebeca_Grynspan" title="Rebeca Grynspan">Rebeca Grynspan</a></td> <td>Since 11 June 2021</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Costa Rica</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div 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.cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFOatley2019" class="citation book cs1">Oatley, Thomas (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4GJoDwAAQBAJ"><i>International Political Economy: Sixth Edition</i></a>. Routledge. p. 185. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-351-03464-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-351-03464-7"><bdi>978-1-351-03464-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Political+Economy%3A+Sixth+Edition&rft.pages=185&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-351-03464-7&rft.aulast=Oatley&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4GJoDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUN+Trade+and+Development" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unctad.org/brand">"UN Trade and Development brand materials"</a>. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNCTAD&rft.atitle=World+Investment+Report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Functad.org%2Ftopic%2Finvestment%2Fworld-investment-report&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUN+Trade+and+Development" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unctad.org/webflyer/economic-development-africa-report-2022">"Economic Development in Africa Report 2022"</a>. <i>UNCTAD</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221202094355/https://unctad.org/webflyer/economic-development-africa-report-2022">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNCTAD&rft.atitle=Economic+Development+in+Africa+Report+2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Functad.org%2Fwebflyer%2Feconomic-development-africa-report-2022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUN+Trade+and+Development" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unctad.org/webflyer/least-developed-countries-report-2022">"The Least Developed Countries Report 2022"</a>. <i>UNCTAD</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221203102239/https://unctad.org/webflyer/least-developed-countries-report-2022">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNCTAD&rft.atitle=The+Least+Developed+Countries+Report+2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Functad.org%2Fwebflyer%2Fleast-developed-countries-report-2022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUN+Trade+and+Development" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unctad.org/statistics">"Statistics"</a>. <i>UNCTAD</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240217104411/https://unctad.org/statistics">Archived</a> from the original on 17 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNCTAD&rft.atitle=Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Functad.org%2Fstatistics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUN+Trade+and+Development" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unctad.org/topic/ecommerce-and-digital-economy/digital-economy-report">"Digital economy report"</a>. <i>UNCTAD</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011073731/https://unctad.org/topic/ecommerce-and-digital-economy/digital-economy-report">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNCTAD&rft.atitle=Digital+economy+report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Functad.org%2Ftopic%2Fecommerce-and-digital-economy%2Fdigital-economy-report&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUN+Trade+and+Development" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unctad.org/webflyer/review-maritime-transport-2022">"Review of Maritime Transport 2022"</a>. <i>UNCTAD</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221217133018/https://unctad.org/webflyer/review-maritime-transport-2022">Archived</a> from the original on 17 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNCTAD&rft.atitle=Review+of+Maritime+Transport+2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Functad.org%2Fwebflyer%2Freview-maritime-transport-2022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUN+Trade+and+Development" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-unctad.org-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-unctad.org_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unctad.org_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unctad.org/publications-search?f%5b0%5d=product%3A582">"Accounting and Reporting Issues (Series)"</a>. <i>UNCTAD</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207230452/https://unctad.org/publications-search?f%5b0%5d=product%3A582">Archived</a> from the original on 7 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNCTAD&rft.atitle=Accounting+and+Reporting+Issues+%28Series%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Functad.org%2Fpublications-search%3Ff%5B0%5D%3Dproduct%253A582&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUN+Trade+and+Development" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unctad.org/webflyer/technology-and-innovation-report-2021">"Technology and Innovation Report 2021"</a>. UNCTAD. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221210184644/https://unctad.org/webflyer/technology-and-innovation-report-2021">Archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Technology+and+Innovation+Report+2021&rft.pub=UNCTAD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Functad.org%2Fwebflyer%2Ftechnology-and-innovation-report-2021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUN+Trade+and+Development" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unctad.org/projects/formal-requests-for-technical-cooperation">"Formal requests for UNCTAD technical cooperation"</a>. <i>UNCTAD</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231221053636/https://unctad.org/projects/formal-requests-for-technical-cooperation">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNCTAD&rft.atitle=Formal+requests+for+UNCTAD+technical+cooperation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Functad.org%2Fprojects%2Fformal-requests-for-technical-cooperation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUN+Trade+and+Development" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldinvestmentforum.unctad.org/session/empretec-women-in-business-awards-2018/">"Empretec Women in Business Awards 2018"</a>. <i>World Investment Forum – UNCTAD</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181130030406/http://worldinvestmentforum.unctad.org/session/empretec-women-in-business-awards-2018/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Investment+Forum+%E2%80%93+UNCTAD&rft.atitle=Empretec+Women+in+Business+Awards+2018&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldinvestmentforum.unctad.org%2Fsession%2Fempretec-women-in-business-awards-2018%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUN+Trade+and+Development" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UN_Trade_and_Development&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerthoud2008" class="citation book cs1">Berthoud, Paul (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edinter.net/paulberthoud/narrative"><i>A Professional Life Narrative</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Professional+Life+Narrative&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Berthoud&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edinter.net%2Fpaulberthoud%2Fnarrative&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUN+Trade+and+Development" class="Z3988"></span> worked with UNCTAD and offers testimony from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edinter.net/paulberthoud/narrative/#gva">inside</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UN_Trade_and_Development&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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href="/wiki/Template:International_trade" title="Template:International trade"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:International_trade" title="Template talk:International trade"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:International_trade" title="Special:EditPage/Template:International trade"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="International_trade511" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_trade" title="International trade">International trade</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_advantage" title="Absolute advantage">Absolute advantage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balance_of_payments" title="Balance of payments">Balance of payments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balance_of_trade" title="Balance of trade">Balance of trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_account" title="Capital account">Capital account</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_advantage" title="Comparative advantage">Comparative advantage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Current_account_(balance_of_payments)" title="Current account (balance of payments)">Current account</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Export-oriented_industrialization" title="Export-oriented industrialization">Export-oriented industrialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_trade" title="Fair trade">Fair trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_exchange_reserves" title="Foreign exchange reserves">Foreign exchange reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globalization" title="Globalization">Globalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Import_substitution_industrialization" title="Import substitution industrialization">Import substitution industrialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_capital_outflow" title="Net capital outflow">Net capital outflow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outsourcing" title="Outsourcing">Outsourcing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariff" title="Tariff">Tariff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_justice" title="Trade justice">Trade justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_war" title="Trade war">Trade war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trading_nation" title="Trading nation">Trading nation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Organizations<br />and policies</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_Trade_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Conference on Trade and Development">UN Conference on Trade and Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Bank_Group" title="World Bank Group">World Bank Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Trade_Centre" title="International Trade Centre">International Trade Centre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Chamber_of_Commerce" title="International Chamber of Commerce">International Chamber of Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilateral_investment_treaty" title="Bilateral investment treaty">Bilateral investment treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_integration" title="Economic integration">Economic integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incoterms" title="Incoterms">Incoterms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATA_Carnet" title="ATA Carnet">ATA Carnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-trade_zone" title="Free-trade zone">Free-trade zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zone" title="Special economic zone">Special economic zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_agreement" title="Trade agreement">Trade agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_barrier" title="Trade barrier">Trade barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_bloc" title="Trade bloc">Trade bloc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_economy" title="Political economy">Political economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">Free trade</a> (<a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Adam Smith</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wealth_of_Nations" title="The Wealth of Nations">The Wealth of Nations</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Repeal_of_the_Corn_Laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Repeal of the Corn Laws">Repeal of the Corn Laws</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercantilism" title="Mercantilism">Mercantilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protectionism" title="Protectionism">Protectionism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Economic_nationalism" title="Economic nationalism">Economic nationalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Autarky" title="Autarky">Autarky</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dedollarisation" title="Dedollarisation">Dedollarisation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regional_organization" title="Regional organization">Regional organizations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andean_Community_of_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Andean Community of Nations">Andean Community of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Community" title="Caribbean Community">Caribbean Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_Integration_System" title="Central American Integration System">Central American Integration System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercosur" title="Mercosur">Mercosur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia-Pacific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Association of Southeast Asian Nations">Association of Southeast Asian Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership" title="Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership">Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation" title="South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation">South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe, Central Asia, and North Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Customs_Union_of_Belarus,_Kazakhstan,_and_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Russia">Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Economic_Union" title="Eurasian Economic Union">Eurasian Economic Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Customs_Union" title="European Union Customs Union">European Union Customs Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle East and North Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Customs_Union" title="Arab Customs Union">Arab Customs Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf" class="mw-redirect" title="Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf">Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsaharan Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_African_Community" title="East African Community">East African Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Monetary_Community_of_Central_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa">Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Customs_Union" title="Southern African Customs Union">Southern African Customs Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_African_Economic_and_Monetary_Union" title="West African Economic and Monetary Union">West African Economic and Monetary Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_top_exporting_countries_by_product_category" title="List of top exporting countries by product category">Exports by product</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_aircraft_and_spacecraft_exports" title="List of countries by aircraft and spacecraft exports">Aircraft & Spacecraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_aircraft_component_exports" title="List of countries by aircraft component exports">Aircraft parts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_aluminium_exports" title="List of countries by aluminium exports">Aluminium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_automotive_component_exports" title="List of countries by automotive component exports">Car parts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal#Major_exporters" title="Coal">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_coffee_exports" title="List of countries by coffee exports">Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_computer_exports" title="List of countries by computer exports">Computers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_copper_exports" title="List of countries by copper exports">Copper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_maize_exports" title="List of countries by maize exports">Corn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_cotton_exports" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by cotton exports">Cotton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_diamond_exports" title="List of countries by diamond exports">Diamonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_electricity_exports" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by electricity exports">Electricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_electronics_exports" title="List of countries by electronics exports">Electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_engine_exports" title="List of countries by engine exports">Engines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_gas_turbine_exports" title="List of countries by gas turbine exports">Gas turbines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_gold_exports" title="List of countries by gold exports">Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_integrated_circuit_exports" title="List of countries by integrated circuit exports">Integrated circuits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron-ore_exports_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron-ore exports by country">Iron ore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_live_animal_exports" title="List of countries by live animal exports">Live animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_natural_gas_exports" title="List of countries by natural gas exports">Natural gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_oil_exports" title="List of countries by oil exports">Oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_refined_petroleum_exports" title="List of countries by refined petroleum exports">Petrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_pharmaceutical_exports" title="List of countries by pharmaceutical exports">Pharmaceuticals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_photovoltaics_exports" title="List of countries by photovoltaics exports">Photovoltaics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_ship_exports" title="List of countries by ship exports">Ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_steel_production#Exports" title="List of countries by steel production">Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_telecommunications_equipment_exports" title="List of countries by telecommunications equipment exports">Telecommunications equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_telephone_exports" title="List of countries by telephone exports">Telephones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_textile_exports" title="List of countries by textile exports">Textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_truck_exports" title="List of countries by truck exports">Trucks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_vehicle_exports" title="List of countries by vehicle exports">Vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_wheat_exports" title="List of countries by wheat exports">Wheat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine#Exporting_countries" title="Wine">Wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:International_trade" title="Category:International trade">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:International_trade" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:International trade">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="South–South_cooperation_and_Third_Worldism530" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:South%E2%80%93South" title="Template:South–South"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:South%E2%80%93South" title="Template talk:South–South"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:South%E2%80%93South" title="Special:EditPage/Template:South–South"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="South–South_cooperation_and_Third_Worldism530" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/South%E2%80%93South_cooperation" title="South–South cooperation">South–South cooperation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Third-Worldism" class="mw-redirect" title="Third-Worldism">Third Worldism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Global_North_and_Global_South" title="Global North and Global South">Global South</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Developing_country" title="Developing country">Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Landlocked_developing_countries" title="Landlocked developing countries">Landlocked developing countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Least_developed_countries" title="Least developed countries">Least developed countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavily_indebted_poor_countries" title="Heavily indebted poor countries">Heavily indebted poor countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Markets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emerging_market" title="Emerging market">Emerging markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newly_industrialized_country" title="Newly industrialized country">Newly industrialized country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_economy" title="Transition economy">Transition economy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Three-world_model" title="Three-world model">Worlds theory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_World" title="First World">First World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_World" title="Second World">Second World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_World" title="Third World">Third World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_World" title="Fourth World">Fourth World</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geopolitics" title="Geopolitics">Geopolitics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decolonization" title="Decolonization">Decolonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neocolonialism" title="Neocolonialism">Neocolonialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polarity_(international_relations)" title="Polarity (international relations)">Multipolarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Conference_against_Racism" title="World Conference against Racism">World Conference against Racism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Conference_against_Racism_2001" title="World Conference against Racism 2001">Durban I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durban_Review_Conference" title="Durban Review Conference">Durban II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durban_III" title="Durban III">Durban III</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globalization" title="Globalization">Globalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Western_era" title="Post-Western era">Post-Western era</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">Brazil–Russia–India–China–South Africa (BRICS)</a><br /><a href="/wiki/BASIC_countries" title="BASIC countries">BASIC <span style="font-size:85%;">(BRICS minus Russia)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRIC" title="BRIC">BRIC <span style="font-size:85%;">(BRICS minus South Africa)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBSA_Dialogue_Forum" title="IBSA Dialogue Forum">India–Brazil–South Africa Dialogue Forum (IBSA)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Finance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Debt_of_developing_countries" title="Debt of developing countries">Debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Clearing_Union" title="Asian Clearing Union">Asian Clearing Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Infrastructure_Investment_Bank" title="Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank">Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Development_Bank" title="Asian Development Bank">Asian Development Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Monetary_Fund" title="Arab Monetary Fund">Arab Monetary Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_the_South" title="Bank of the South">BancoSur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Development_Bank" title="Caribbean Development Bank">Caribbean Development Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Fund_for_Commodities" title="Common Fund for Commodities">Common Fund for Commodities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Development_Bank" title="New Development Bank">New Development Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OPEC_Fund_for_International_Development" title="OPEC Fund for International Development">OPEC Fund for International Development</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Trade_and_development" title="Trade and development">Trade and<br />development</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Developmental_state" title="Developmental state">Developmental state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_geese_paradigm" title="Flying geese paradigm">Flying geese paradigm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure-based_development" title="Infrastructure-based development">Infrastructure-based development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">Sustainable development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_System_of_Trade_Preferences_among_Developing_Countries" title="Global System of Trade Preferences among Developing Countries">Global System of Trade Preferences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protocol_on_Trade_Negotiations" title="Protocol on Trade Negotiations">Protocol on Trade Negotiations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_International_Economic_Order" title="New International Economic Order">New International Economic Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_Information_and_Communication_Order" title="New World Information and Communication Order">New World Information and Communication Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_Trade_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Conference on Trade and Development">United Nations Conference on Trade and Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Industrial_Development_Organization" title="United Nations Industrial Development Organization">United Nations Industrial Development Organization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">Public health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Generic_drug" title="Generic drug">Generic drugs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biosimilar" title="Biosimilar">biosimilar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_patent" title="Chemical patent">Pharmaceutical patents</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Societal_views_on_patents#Pharmaceutical_patents" class="mw-redirect" title="Societal views on patents">criticism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_data_exclusivity" title="Test data exclusivity">Test data exclusivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doha_Declaration_on_the_TRIPS_agreement_and_public_health" title="Doha Declaration on the TRIPS agreement and public health">Doha Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Organizations<br />and groups</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_Five" title="Group of Five">G-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_77" title="Group of 77">G-77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_15" title="Group of 15">G-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-8_Organization_for_Economic_Cooperation" title="D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation">D-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G20_developing_nations" title="G20 developing nations">G20 developing nations (G-20)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_24" title="Group of 24">G-24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G33_(developing_countries)" title="G33 (developing countries)">G33 developing countries (G-33)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_Eleven" title="Group of Eleven">G-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G90" title="G90">G-90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_African,_Caribbean_and_Pacific_States" title="Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States">African, Caribbean and Pacific Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandung_Conference" title="Bandung Conference">Afro–Asian Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">Association of Southeast Asian Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombo_Plan" title="Colombo Plan">Colombo Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Latin_American_and_Caribbean_States" title="Community of Latin American and Caribbean States">Community of Latin American and Caribbean States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Solar_Alliance" title="International Solar Alliance">International Solar Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesian_Spearhead_Group" title="Melanesian Spearhead Group">Melanesian Spearhead Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North%E2%80%93South_Summit" title="North–South Summit">North–South Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_Leaders_Group" title="Polynesian Leaders Group">Polynesian Leaders Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Atlantic_Peace_and_Cooperation_Zone" title="South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone">South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation" title="South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation">South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Island_Developing_States" title="Small Island Developing States">Small Island Developing States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Centre_(organization)" title="South Centre (organization)">South Centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Global_North_and_Global_South" title="Global North and Global South">North–South<br />divide</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brandt_Report" title="Brandt Report">Brandt Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_financial_system" title="Global financial system">Global financial system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_trade" title="Fair trade">Fair trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_regulation" title="Financial regulation">Financial regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_digital_divide" title="Global digital divide">Global digital divide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_Nations670" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_Nations" title="Template:United Nations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_Nations" title="Template talk:United Nations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_Nations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United Nations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_Nations670" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Secretary-General of the United Nations">Secretary-General</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">António Guterres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations">Deputy Secretary-General</a>: <a href="/wiki/Amina_J._Mohammed" title="Amina J. Mohammed">Amina J. Mohammed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="President of the United Nations General Assembly">General Assembly President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Francis_(diplomat)" title="Dennis Francis (diplomat)"> Dennis Francis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_System" title="United Nations System">UN System</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Charter_of_the_United_Nations" title="Charter of the United Nations">Charter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preamble_to_the_United_Nations_Charter" title="Preamble to the United Nations Charter">Preamble</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Principal organs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Secretariat" title="United Nations Secretariat">Secretariat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Secretary-General of the United Nations">Secretary-General</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_secretary-general_selection" title="United Nations secretary-general selection">selections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations">Deputy Secretary-General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Under-Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations">Under-Secretary-General</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">General Assembly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="President of the United Nations General Assembly">President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statute_of_the_International_Court_of_Justice" title="Statute of the International Court of Justice">Statute</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">Security Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_elections" title="United Nations Security Council elections">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="List of members of the United Nations Security Council">Members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="Presidency of the United Nations Security Council">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="Reform of the United Nations Security Council">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_veto_power" title="United Nations Security Council veto power">Veto power</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" title="United Nations Economic and Social Council">Economic and Social Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" title="President of the United Nations Economic and Social Council">President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Trusteeship_Council" title="United Nations Trusteeship Council">Trusteeship Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_System#Funds_and_programmes,_research_and_training_institutes,_and_other_bodies" title="United Nations System">Funds, programmes,<br />and other bodies</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Peace" title="Culture of Peace">Culture of Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">IAEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change" title="Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change">IPCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Trade_Centre" title="International Trade Centre">ITC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Mission_for_the_Referendum_in_Western_Sahara" title="United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara">MINURSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" title="Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights">OHCHR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Court_for_Sierra_Leone" title="Special Court for Sierra Leone">SCSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_United_Nations_Programme_on_HIV/AIDS" title="Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS">UNAIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Capital_Development_Fund" title="United Nations Capital Development Fund">UNCDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_International_Trade_Law" title="United Nations Commission on International Trade Law">UNCITRAL</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">UNCTAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Global_Communications" title="United Nations Department of Global Communications">UNDGC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">UNDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Peace_Operations" title="United Nations Department of Peace Operations">UNDPO</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_peacekeeping" title="United Nations peacekeeping">peacekeeping</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Environment_Programme" title="United Nations Environment Programme">UNEP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UNEP_OzonAction" title="UNEP OzonAction">OzonAction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRID-Arendal" title="GRID-Arendal">UNEP/GRID-Arendal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Conservation_Monitoring_Centre" title="World Conservation Monitoring Centre">UNEP-WCMC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Population_Fund" title="United Nations Population Fund">UNFPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Settlements_Programme" title="United Nations Human Settlements Programme">UN-HABITAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">UNHCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Council" title="United Nations Human Rights Council">UNHRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Interregional_Crime_and_Justice_Research_Institute" title="United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute">UNICRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Institute_for_Disarmament_Research" title="United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research">UNIDIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Institute_for_Training_and_Research" title="United Nations Institute for Training and Research">UNITAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations-Oceans" title="United Nations-Oceans">UN-Oceans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_on_Drugs_and_Crime" title="United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime">UNODC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_Project_Services" title="United Nations Office for Project Services">UNOPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNOSAT" title="UNOSAT">UNOSAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Research_Institute_for_Social_Development" title="United Nations Research Institute for Social Development">UNRISD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNRWA" title="UNRWA">UNRWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Sustainable_Development_Group" title="United Nations Sustainable Development Group">UNSDG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_System_Staff_College" title="United Nations System Staff College">UNSSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_University" title="United Nations University">UNU</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UNU-CRIS" title="UNU-CRIS">UNU-CRIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNU-OP" title="UNU-OP">UNU-OP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Volunteers" title="United Nations Volunteers">UNV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Women" title="UN Women">UN Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">WFP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nations" title="List of specialized agencies of the United Nations">Specialized agencies</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">FAO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Civil_Aviation_Organization" title="International Civil Aviation Organization">ICAO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Fund_for_Agricultural_Development" title="International Fund for Agricultural Development">IFAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">ILO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">IMF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Maritime_Organization" title="International Maritime Organization">IMO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Migration" title="International Organization for Migration">IOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">ITU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Tourism" title="UN Tourism">UN Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Industrial_Development_Organization" title="United Nations Industrial Development Organization">UNIDO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Postal_Union" title="Universal Postal Union">UPU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Federation_of_Engineering_Organizations" title="World Federation of Engineering Organizations">WFEO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">WHO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Intellectual_Property_Organization" title="World Intellectual Property Organization">WIPO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">WMO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Bank_Group" title="World Bank Group">World Bank Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Bank_for_Reconstruction_and_Development" title="International Bank for Reconstruction and Development">IBRD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Development_Association" title="International Development Association">IDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Finance_Corporation" title="International Finance Corporation">IFC</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Secretariat" title="United Nations Secretariat">Secretariat offices<br />and departments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations" title="Headquarters of the United Nations">Headquarters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Conference Building">Conference Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Building" title="United Nations General Assembly Building">General Assembly Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Secretariat_Building" title="United Nations Secretariat Building">Secretariat Building</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs" title="United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs">Department of Economic and Social Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Peace_Operations" title="United Nations Department of Peace Operations">Department of Peace Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Political_and_Peacebuilding_Affairs" title="United Nations Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs">Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld_Library" title="Dag Hammarskjöld Library">Dag Hammarskjöld Library</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_for_Safety_and_Security" title="United Nations Department for Safety and Security">Department for Safety and Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Division_for_Palestinian_Rights" title="United Nations Division for Palestinian Rights">Division for Palestinian Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Geneva" title="United Nations Office at Geneva">Office at Geneva</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Nations" title="Palace of Nations">Palace of Nations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Nairobi" title="United Nations Office at Nairobi">Office at Nairobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Vienna" title="United Nations Office at Vienna">Office at Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_Disarmament_Affairs" title="United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs">Office for Disarmament Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_Outer_Space_Affairs" title="United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs">Office for Outer Space Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_Partnerships" title="United Nations Office for Partnerships">Office for Partnerships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_the_Coordination_of_Humanitarian_Affairs" title="United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs">Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_of_Internal_Oversight_Services" title="United Nations Office of Internal Oversight Services">Office of Internal Oversight Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_of_Legal_Affairs" title="United Nations Office of Legal Affairs">Office of Legal Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_of_the_High_Representative_for_the_Least_Developed_Countries,_Landlocked_Developing_Countries_and_Small_Island_Developing_States" title="United Nations Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States">Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_of_Counter-Terrorism" title="United Nations Office of Counter-Terrorism">Office of Counter-Terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Secretary-General%27s_Envoy_on_Youth" title="Office of the Secretary-General's Envoy on Youth">Office of the Secretary-General's Envoy on Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Special_Representative_of_the_Secretary-General_on_Sexual_Violence_in_Conflict" title="Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict">Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Spokesperson_for_the_Secretary-General" title="Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General">Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_on_Sport_for_Development_and_Peace" title="United Nations Office on Sport for Development and Peace">Office on Sport for Development and Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_organizations_by_location" title="List of United Nations organizations by location">UN organizations by location</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_United_Nations" title="Member states of the United Nations">Members<br />and observers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_United_Nations#1940s" title="Enlargement of the United Nations">Founding members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_United_Nations#Current_members" title="Member states of the United Nations">Full members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_members_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council">Security Council Permanent members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_representative_to_the_United_Nations" title="Permanent representative to the United Nations">Permanent representatives to the UN</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_permanent_representatives_to_the_United_Nations" title="List of current permanent representatives to the United Nations">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_observers" title="United Nations General Assembly observers">General Assembly Observers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_and_the_United_Nations" title="European Union and the United Nations">European Union</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Nations" title="History of the United Nations">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Preceding years</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">International Telegraph Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Postal_Union" title="Universal Postal Union">Universal Postal Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hague_Conventions_of_1899_and_1907" title="Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907">Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Court_of_Arbitration" title="Permanent Court of Arbitration">Permanent Court of Arbitration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Office_of_Public_Hygiene" title="International Office of Public Hygiene">International Office of Public Hygiene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations_archives" title="League of Nations archives">archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covenant_of_the_League_of_Nations" title="Covenant of the League of Nations">covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_the_League_of_Nations" title="Organisation of the League of Nations">organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_League_of_Nations" title="Member states of the League of Nations">member states</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Preparatory years</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_St_James%27s_Palace" title="Declaration of St James's Palace">Declaration of St James's Palace</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Charter" title="Atlantic Charter">Atlantic Charter</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_by_United_Nations" title="Declaration by United Nations">Declaration by United Nations</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Conference_(1943)" title="Moscow Conference (1943)">Moscow Conference</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehran_Conference" title="Tehran Conference">Tehran Conference</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bretton_Woods_Conference" title="Bretton Woods Conference">Bretton Woods Conference</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumbarton_Oaks_Conference" title="Dumbarton Oaks Conference">Dumbarton Oaks Conference</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yalta_Conference" title="Yalta Conference">Yalta Conference</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_International_Organization" title="United Nations Conference on International Organization">Conference on International Organization</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_Convention" title="Genocide Convention">Genocide Convention</a> (1948)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_United_Nations" title="Enlargement of the United Nations">Enlargement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_United_Nations_peacekeeping" title="History of United Nations peacekeeping">Peacekeeping</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_peacekeeping_missions" title="List of United Nations peacekeeping missions">missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_United_Nations_peacekeeping_missions" title="Timeline of United Nations peacekeeping missions">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_territories_governed_by_the_United_Nations" title="List of territories governed by the United Nations">governed territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Police" title="United Nations Police">UNPOL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drafting_of_the_Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights">drafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Day" title="Human Rights Day">Human Rights Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Convention" title="World Heritage Convention">World Heritage Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child" title="Convention on the Rights of the Child">Convention on the Rights of the Child</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child" title="Committee on the Rights of the Child">committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_on_the_Rights_of_Indigenous_Peoples" title="Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples">Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Permanent_Forum_on_Indigenous_Issues" title="United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues">Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Caucus" title="Indigenous Caucus">Indigenous Caucus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goals" title="Sustainable Development Goals">Sustainable Development Goals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Declaration_on_the_Rights_of_Peasants" title="United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants">Declaration on the Rights of Peasants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_resolution" title="United Nations resolution">Resolutions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vetoed_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions" title="List of vetoed United Nations Security Council resolutions">Security Council vetoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_resolution" title="United Nations General Assembly resolution">General Assembly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_resolutions_at_the_sixty-sixth_session_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="List of resolutions at the sixty-sixth session of the United Nations General Assembly">66th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_resolutions_at_the_sixty-seventh_session_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="List of resolutions at the sixty-seventh session of the United Nations General Assembly">67th</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_resolution" title="United Nations Security Council resolution">Security Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_Cyprus" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_Iran" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_Iraq" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_concerning_Israel" title="List of United Nations resolutions concerning Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_relating_to_Lebanon" title="List of United Nations resolutions relating to Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_on_the_Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions on the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">Nagorno-Karabakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_North_Korea" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_concerning_Palestine" title="List of United Nations resolutions concerning Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_concerning_Syria" title="List of United Nations resolutions concerning Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_concerning_Western_Sahara" title="List of United Nations resolutions concerning Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_Yemen" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_secretary-general_selection" title="United Nations secretary-general selection">Secretary-General</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_United_Nations_Secretary-General_selection" title="2021 United Nations Secretary-General selection">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Nations_Secretary-General_selection" title="2016 United Nations Secretary-General selection">2016</a></li></ul></li> <li>International Court of Justice <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2023 International Court of Justice judges election">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2022 International Court of Justice judges election">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2021 International Court of Justice judges election">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2020 International Court of Justice judges election">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2017 International Court of Justice judges election">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2014 International Court of Justice judges election">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2011 International Court of Justice judges election">2011</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Nations_General_Assembly_presidential_election" title="2016 United Nations General Assembly presidential election">General Assembly President (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Nations_Security_Council_election" title="2016 United Nations Security Council election">Security Council (2016)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_United_Nations" title="Outline of the United Nations">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Advisory_Committee_of_Local_Authorities" title="United Nations Advisory Committee of Local Authorities">Advisory Committee of Local Authorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Art_Collection" title="United Nations Art Collection">Art Collection</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_mural" title="United Nations Security Council mural">Security Council mural</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_by_Block_(program)" title="Block by Block (program)">Block By Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bretton_Woods_system" title="Bretton Woods system">Bretton Woods system</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Celestial_Sphere_Woodrow_Wilson_Memorial" title="Celestial Sphere Woodrow Wilson Memorial">Celestial Sphere Woodrow Wilson Memorial</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coordinating_Committee_of_International_Staff_Unions_and_Associations_of_the_United_Nations_System" title="Coordinating Committee of International Staff Unions and Associations of the United Nations System">CCISUA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Nuclear-Test-Ban_Treaty" title="Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty">Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_United_Nations" title="Criticism of the United Nations">Criticism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Delivering_as_One" title="Delivering as One">Delivering as One</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_control_treaties" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug control treaties">Drug control treaties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_from_the_United_Nations" title="Expulsion from the United Nations">Expulsion from the United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ex_Tempore_(magazine)" title="Ex Tempore (magazine)"><i>Ex Tempore</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Federal_Credit_Union" title="United Nations Federal Credit Union">Federal Credit Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_International_Civil_Servants%27_Associations" title="Federation of International Civil Servants' Associations">FICSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_Nations" title="Flag of the United Nations">Flag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Honour_Flag" title="United Nations Honour Flag">Honour Flag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Nations_Initiative" title="Four Nations Initiative">Four Nations Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Global_Compact" title="United Nations Global Compact">Global Compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights" title="International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights">International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_for_the_Total_Elimination_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons">International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Peace" title="International Day of Peace">International Day of Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Decade_for_a_Culture_of_Peace_and_Non-Violence_for_the_Children_of_the_World" title="International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World">International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Narcotics_Control_Board" title="International Narcotics Control Board">International Narcotics Control Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_International_School" title="United Nations International School">International School</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_International_School_of_Hanoi" title="United Nations International School of Hanoi">Hanoi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Interpretation_Service" title="United Nations Interpretation Service">Interpretation Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_laissez-passer" title="United Nations laissez-passer">Laissez-passer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Memorial_Cemetery" title="United Nations Memorial Cemetery">Memorial Cemetery Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Staff_Committee" title="Military Staff Committee">Military Staff Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Millennium_Declaration" title="United Nations Millennium Declaration">Millennium Declaration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Millennium_Summit" title="Millennium Summit">Millennium Summit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_United_Nations" title="Model United Nations">Model United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_languages_of_the_United_Nations" title="Official languages of the United Nations">Official languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_the_Prohibition_of_Chemical_Weapons" title="Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons">Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Postal_Administration" title="United Nations Postal Administration">Postal Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bunche_Park" title="Ralph Bunche Park">Ralph Bunche Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_of_the_United_Nations" title="Reform of the United Nations">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDG_Publishers_Compact" title="SDG Publishers Compact">SDG Publishers Compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Minimum_Rules_for_the_Administration_of_Juvenile_Justice" title="Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice">Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Minimum_Rules_for_the_Treatment_of_Prisoners" title="Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners">Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_series#United_Nations" title="Treaty series">Treaty Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Non-Proliferation_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons">Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Prohibition_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons">Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Mandate" title="UN Mandate">UN Mandate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Sacco_Ltd" title="UN Sacco Ltd">UN Sacco</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/UN_Special" title="UN Special">UN Special</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNICEF_club" title="UNICEF club">UNICEF club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Day" title="United Nations Day">United Nations Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_in_popular_culture" title="United Nations in popular culture">United Nations in popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Medal" title="United Nations Medal">United Nations Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Prize_in_the_Field_of_Human_Rights" title="United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights">United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Radio" title="United Nations Radio">United Nations Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_television_film_series" title="United Nations television film series">United Nations television film series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_for_Peace" title="University for Peace">University for Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_Declaration_and_Programme_of_Action" title="Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action">Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WIPO_Treaty_on_Intellectual_Property,_Genetic_Resources_and_Associated_Traditional_Knowledge" title="WIPO Treaty on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge">WIPO Treaty on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_from_the_United_Nations" title="Withdrawal from the United Nations">Withdrawal from the United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_peacekeeping" title="Women in peacekeeping">Women in peacekeeping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Federation_of_United_Nations_Associations" title="World Federation of United Nations Associations">World Federation of United Nations Associations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/16px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/24px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/32px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3002" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:World" title="Portal:World">World portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182000#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2467" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182000#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2467" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182000#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1001366-0">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79032201">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11868451v">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11868451v">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35562144">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Konference OSN pro obchod a rozvoj"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20010710008&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/538694">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000013552&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000274690&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=223652">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/b8nqs3kv35305cd">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810613568805606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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